压铸模能做多少模的寿命？

问题一：铸造的铸造种类 为铸造技术使用最多的材料。 砂模铸造法（Sand Casting） 利用砂作为铸模材料，依不同成份的砂可再细分为湿砂模铸造法（Green Sand Mold）、表面干砂模铸造法（Dry Sand Mold）等等，但并非所有砂均可用以铸造。 好处是成本较低，因为铸模所使用的沙可重复使用；缺点是铸模制作耗时，铸模本身不能被重复使用，须破坏后才能取得成品。 金属模铸造法（Die Casting） 利用熔点较原料高的金属制作铸模。其中细分为重力铸造法、低压铸造法和高压铸造法。 受制于铸模的熔点，可被铸造的金属也有所限制。 失蜡法（Investment Casting、Lost-wax casting） 这方法可以为外膜铸造法和固体铸造法。 先以蜡复制所需要铸造的物件，然后浸入含陶瓷的池中并待干，使以蜡制的复制品覆上一层陶瓷外膜，一直重复步骤直到外膜足以支持铸造过程（约1/4寸到1/8寸），然后熔解模中的蜡，并抽离铸模。其后铸模需要多次加以高温，增强硬度后方可用以铸造。 此方法具有良好的准确性，更可用作高熔点金属（如钛）的铸造。但由于陶瓷价格颇高，而且制作需要多次加热和复杂，故成本颇为昂贵。 问题二：铸造分为几类？ 按压力分：重力铸造 低力铸造 高压铸造 按成型方法：砂型铸造 消失模铸造 硅溶胶铸造 金属型铸造 V发铸造 问题三：铸造的主要工序有哪些？ 铸造生产过程是一个复杂的综合性工序的组合，它包括许多生产工序和环节，从金属材料及非金属材料的准备，到合金熔炼，造型，制芯，合型浇注，清理，铸件消除缺陷热处理以至获得合格的铸件，铸造生产过程包括下列主要工序: 1. 型砂和芯砂的制备 型砂的制备过程直接影响到型砂的质量，型砂的制备一般分为原材料的准备及检验和型砂的制备及质量控制 2. 造型 用型砂及模样等工艺装备制造砂型的方法和过程称为造型。造型的方法种类很多，它取决于铸件的形状，大小，和技术要求 等。 3. 熔炼 通过加热使金属由固态转变为液体，并通过冶金反应去除金属液中的杂质，使其温度和成分达到规定要求的过程和操作成为熔炼。熔炼金属的设备种类较多，我们生产铸铁平台，机床铸件一般选用冲天炉。 4. 砂型烘干 对一些较大型或质量要求高的铸件一般采用干型浇注。例如大型铸铁平订，机床床身铸件，机床工作台，机床铸件等。 5. 浇注 将熔融金属从浇包注入铸型的操作称为浇注。 6. 清理 落砂后从铸件上清除表面粘砂，型砂和多余金属等的过程称为清理 7. 铸件热处理 将铸件加热到一定的温度范围，保温一段时间，再以规定的速度冷却到适当的温度，以获得预期的组织与性能的过程，叫铸件热处理。对铸件进行热处理的目的是为了消除铸件的铸造应力。比如铸铁平台，机床铸件，机床工作台都要经过热处理后才能进行加工。 问题四：常用的铸造方法有哪些 按照铸造工艺来分：砂型铸造和特种铸造两大类。砂型铸造又分为粘土砂，水玻璃砂，树脂砂等铸造；特种铸造又分为：消失模，离心，连续，熔模精密铸造（精铸）等； 问题五：铸件都有哪些种类和成分 按照逐渐的材料来分类：铸钢，铸铁（灰铁，球铁），高合金和有色金属铸件 按照铸造方法来分类：砂型铸造，熔模铸造（恭要是失蜡铸造），消失模铸造（lost foam)，压铸 成分可以说是任意的，可以按照国标，ASTM，EN等标准，在熔炼时配比。 问题六：铸造属于什么行业 通常可以认为属于机械制造行业，但现在又靠到了材料行业！怎么说都行！ 问题七：铸造原材料有那些品种？ 铸造材料有很多种：有造型的（膨润土，煤粉，粘结剂，溃散剂，树脂，覆膜砂等），炉料类（除渣剂，增碳剂，孕育剂，脱氧剂，绩铁等）面包铁，废钢等。种类很多！不知你想哪方面的！ 问题八：铸造材料有哪些？ 常用铸造金属 1.灰铸铁 2.球墨铸铁 3.可锻铸铁 4.铸钢 常用铸造有色金属 1.黄铜 2.锡青铜 3.无锡青铜 4.铝合金铸造是人类掌握比较早的一种金属热加工工艺，已有约6000年的历史。中国约在公元前1700～前1000年之间已进入青铜铸件的全盛期，工艺上已达到相当高的水平。铸造是将液体金属浇铸到与零件形状相适应的铸造空腔中，待其冷却凝固后，以获得零件或毛坯的方法。[1] 被铸物质多为原为固态但加热至液态的金属（例：铜、铁、铝、锡、铅等），而铸模的材料可以是砂、金属甚至陶瓷。因应不同要求，使用的方法也会有所不同。

Die-Casting (verb) - Pouring molten metal under pressure into metal molds.Die-Casting (noun) - Casting resulting from die-casting process.既可以指过程（动词）也可以指结果die casting dies应该是指压铸用来压铸的摸具所以casting die是用来压铸的摸具专业词汇可以参考下面几个网站：http://www.domcastmetals.com/ironcastingglossary.htmlhttp://www.wynndanzur.com/glossary.htmhttp://www.linguachina.com/dict/

Aluminum Die Casting

压铸铝合金

谐音:带U0001f917U0001f917U0001f917U0001f917

锌合金压铸材料

将熔融合金在高压、高速条件下充型，并在高压下冷却凝固成形的精密铸造方法。压铸模<压力铸造模具>压力铸造成形工艺中，用以成形铸件所使用的金属模具。

热室压铸热室压铸是在压铸生产过程中的主要技术。本节将主要讨论具体细节的热室压铸生产工艺与热室压铸分支之间的差异。热室的过程无论是压铸工艺相似的特点是高压力迫使熔融金属通过模具称为模具的使用。许多通过压铸生产铸件的高质量，（如大的表面细节），可以归因于压力，通过模具使金属流动中使用。热室压铸生产供应金属熔附于压铸机是制造操作的铸造设备的一个组成部分。镜头筒注射行程提供动力。它位于熔metal.the柱塞杆的供应从枪筒下柱塞，这与熔融物接触。在铸造循环柱塞在室的顶部开始（热室）摄入。端口允许本室充满液态金属。当周期开始的动力缸推动活塞向下。柱塞在港口切断金属液流动的热室。现在应该在室正确的熔融材料金额为“镜头”，将用于填充模具生产的铸件。在这一点上，柱塞旅行进一步向下迫使熔融金属模具。压力施加在金属液填充模具热室压铸制造通常从700psi到5000psi（5MPa～35MPa）。压力保持足够长的铸件凝固。在铸造生产的柱塞向上穿越回热室露出进气口又使腔室填充有熔融物的下一个周期的制备。对于更广泛的细节在模具的安装，压铸工艺，或性能的压铸模具制造考虑看到的基本过程铸造。热室压铸具有很高的生产率优势。工业生产过程的一个缺点是：在安装需要的关键部分的机械装置，（如柱塞），必须不断浸入熔融的材料。在足够高的温度，将这些材料连续淹水元器件绘制它们失效导致热损伤有关。由于这个原因，通常只有低熔点铅，锡点合金，锌用于制造与热室压铸过程铸件。

压铸是一种利用高压强制将金属熔液压入形状复杂的金属模内的一种精密铸造法。在1964年，日本压铸协会对于压铸定义为“在高温将熔化合金压入精密铸模，在短时间内大量生产高精度而铸面优良的铸造方式”。美国称压铸为Die Casting，英国则称压铸为Pressure Die Casting，而最为国内一般业者所熟悉的是日本的说法，称为压铸。经由压铸法所制造出来的铸件，则称为压铸件，压力铸造简称压铸，是一种将熔融合金液倒入压室内，以高速充填钢制模具的型腔，并使合金液在压力下凝固而形成铸件的铸造方法。 压铸区别于其它铸造方法的主要特点是高压和高速。

楼上的错的了 那根本没答案

Hinge: 铰链1. Material: 材质Hinge Shaft (male/female): SUM-24; SUM-22; (SUM: 快削钢) (heat treatment and nickel plating) (SK:工具钢) 绞轴（轴/轴套）SUM-24, SUM-22(SUM:快削钢）（需要热处理并且镀镍） (SK:工具钢) Bracket: Stainless: SUS-304; SUS-310; SUS-301 (No need heat treatment and nickel plating) 支架：不锈钢：SUS-304; SUS-310; SUS-301 （无需热处理和镀镍）Metal: SK5; SK7 (heat treatment and nickel plating) (SK:工具钢) 金属部分：SK5; SK7（需要热处理并且镀镍） (SK:工具钢) Mg Alloy: 镁合金Washer: SK7; SK5 轴承 SK7; SK5 Screw nut 螺丝帽Hinge support: Zn Alloy (锌合金) die casting（拉模铸造）; SUM-24 铰链架：锌合金，拉模铸造，SUM-24Grease: Silicone series… 油脂：硅树脂系列Supplier: Dow Corning (Molykote - Longterm W2) 供应商：Dow Corning (Molykote - Longterm W2) （这应该是公司名吧）2. Key Processes: 关键工序IQC 重要质量检验工序Stamping: bracket; shaft (female); 冲压：支架，轴套Machining: CNC turning; drilling… 机器：数控拉模、钻机Heat treatment: 热处理：Plating: 烤漆 Shaft Assembly (Male, female, washer, grease….) 轴组件（轴，轴套，轴承，油脂。。。）Pre-turn: 预扭力Torque test: Notebook (12": 5-6.5kg-cm; 13.3": 6-7.5kg-cm; 14.1": 6.5-9.0kg-cm; 15": 8-12kg-cm) 扭距测试：Angle adjustment 角度调整Final assembly (hinge support; bracket) 最后装配（铰链支撑杆，支架）3. Test process: 测试工序SPC: Cpk….. （不知道简写代表什么）IQC: Dimension; Pitch; Hardness; Plating thickness; Screw hole; cosmetic重点质检项目：尺寸，倾斜度，硬度，电镀硬度，螺钉孔，配件FAI: Torque, Dimension,cosmetic… 扭距，尺寸，配件IPQC: SOP（标准操作程序）, SIP, Torque（扭距）, Fixture（禁固装置）, machine（机器设备）, cosmetic… FQC: Torque（扭距）; Dimension（尺寸）; Pitch（倾斜度）; Screw hole（螺钉孔）; cosmetic ORT: Open/close test (2 sets: 20K cycles weekly) Reliability: (1 set) Test to fail monthly 可靠性 （1套）Strength test for new product 新产品力量测试OBA 4. Best in class: Precision automatic grease feeder 精准的油脂自动进给Hinge torque automatic tester 铰链扭距自我检测Hinge automotic open/close test (life test). 铰链自动开/关测试（寿命测试）只能是这个样子了啊，好多好像是机械方面的术语，不懂啊

　　压铸铝清洗剂是什么呢?相信大家和我一样想探寻个究竟。以下是我为大家整理的关于压铸铝清洗剂资料，希望对大家有用哦。 　　压铸铝清洗剂配方 　　HW-08压铸铝清洗剂(又名除灰剂、洗白剂、拉白剂、去渍光亮剂)是一种专门设计用于铝及其合金前处理的除垢剂,适用于化学钝化、阳极氧化、电镀前的除垢等。本除垢液抛弃了传统的硝酸、氢氟酸模式，是一种革命性的产品。是由多种有机酸、无机酸和螯合剂科学复配而成。性能优良的除垢液在操作过程中对环境友好 工作液几乎无气味，废水无磷排放，有利于环境保护。特别适用于含硅量高的压铸铝合金。 　　压铸铝清洗剂其他信息 　　别 名 除灰剂,除垢剂,拉白剂,除垢剂 　　型 号 HW08 　　模 式 代替传统硝酸氢氟酸 　　液体颜色 无色 　　英 文 Die castingaluminum cleaner 　　用 途 喷涂前清洗 　　适 用 含硅量高的压铸铝合金 　　清洗剂溶液 　　操作条件 标准建浴量 　　HW-08除垢剂 700-1000毫升/升 　　PH,值 <2 　　温度 20-40℃ 　　时间 10-120s 　　溶液维护 　　溶液的波美度应控制在15-20，低于15直接采用原液补加 　　操作温度不要超过40℃。在连续性的生产过程中强烈建议使用冷水机以确保操作温度保持在40度以下。 　　铝合金环保除垢剂注意事项 　　不要将金属零件掉入溶液中或将零件长时间置于溶液中。

ZD zenith distanceZEV zero emission vehicle

压铸机的合模阀和合模减压阀对压力的控制不同：1、合模阀（Die-castingMachineClampingValve）：合模阀主要用于控制压铸机的合模动作，即关闭合模时，通过液压系统提供足够的压力，将模具闭合，确保模具能够紧密地固定住铸件。合模阀通常由液压缸、液压控制阀等组成，根据需要控制液压油的进出来实现模具的开合动作。2、合模减压阀（Die-castingMachineMoldClampingReliefValve）：合模减压阀是一种压力保护装置，用于在模具已完全闭合后，通过释放一定的压力，使系统中的压力降低到较低的水平。这样可以减轻对模具和机械结构的压力，减少对设备和模具的损坏风险。合模减压阀通常根据设定的压力值，进行自动或手动调节，确保在合模完成后压力得到适当的释放。

nailer[英]["neu026alu0259][美]["neu026alu0259]n.打钉机; 制钉者，自动敲钉机; 制钉工人; 敲钉者; 形近词：tailermailerrailer双语例句 1Foot operated insole nailer/ touch insole machine脚踏式中底机/触即式中底打钉机2The air nailer body is a kind of pressure container, it is made from aluminium alloy by die casting process.气钉枪在各行各业得到越来越广泛的应用，其中枪体是一种压力容器，由铝合金压铸而成。

Vendors visit: 1. Suppliers message: Established in 1997, mold started, the main products for the die casting and stamping parts. 2007 sales of 260 million, accounting for 120 million of its die-casting; Equipment and testing equipment listed in the annex; Tanzania can cooperate with by the end of 2005, has begun to be on the Kheitan, Tanzania to the United States, the European suppliers. Tanzanian products can be characterized by a variety small quantities, there are several parts in the nearly 30 vendors; Currently vendors are ISO9001 certification, suppliers plan to 2008 into TS16949 Working six days a week, 24 hours a day three classes 2. Projects confirmation message: 1): Shade guide samples have been received the day before yesterday, the supplier has started sample is expected to be issued to the pre We recognize 12 of the raw materials and parts, raw materials and parts in 10 of the first die-casting has been completed embryo hair, the color of that confirmation will be able to handle processing 2) 100pcs materials and parts has arranged for die-casting, are still forming, the requests would be sent out in the pre - 3) 4) new projects SCRUBB HEAD: Tanzania to provide the latest in the assembly drawings and parts supplier plans to re-evaluate Price, the current providers of assembly, are relatively simple assembly, in Tanzania may be the there is a gap between, vendor evaluation and provide customers decide after Price 4. Number of the issue, the first batch of Preparation: Preparation for the first batch because of the uncertainty and instability quality, suppliers have agreed not in accordance with the smallest amount since 1000 to the operation, tentatively scheduled 500 pcs, suppliers can be internal Sample Preparation process by orders. Follow-up on the normal supply of products, not the number of their products to meet 1000 pcs, according to the actual annual demand to the supplier; of a large quantity of products, in accordance with the 1000 pcs single, the two quantities of the product in accordance with specific shipments customers request or projections; another with suppliers to discuss the issue of safety stocks, suppliers have agreed to Tanzania to establish safety stock, the number of suppliers to meet the month, is based on the Kheitan to 08 and 07 needs , the consumption of comprehensive consideration to the vendor specific security inventory number!

塑胶模具 [网络] plastic moulds; plastic molding; plastics mold; plastic mould; [例句]所生产的塑胶模具，压铸模具及各种机械类夹具等产品，远销海外。Our products such as plastic molds, die-casting molds, and various mechanical clamps, are sold well overseas

前面的字母表示铸造工艺。GC=continuous casting/连续铸造 GZ=centrifugal casting/离心浇注法GS（旧代号：G）=sand casting/砂型铸造 GM（旧代号：GK）=mould casting/模型铸造 GP（旧代号：GD）=pressure die-casting/压力拉模铸造艾荔艾有德标铸造锡青铜和铝青铜圆棒和板材。

一.Johnson Carolina系列高档手工单板民谣琴JD-16-----1180元左右总结特点：1、单板的高配置，并且木料都是上等的2、完美的工艺，马丁的工艺技术不是吹牛的，这个系列的琴工艺确实到位3、超级漂亮！！他的木纹、漆工、雕花,太好看了Johnson最新产品Carolina（卡萝琳娜）系列是传统音色和现代设计的完美结合，他所带来的是一种19世纪30年代原声吉他的听觉享受，这款吉他使用严格挑选的木材、经手工制作而成，再加上融合了著名的工艺大师Greg Rich的设计理念。更是在每一个细节之处都凸显其精致与绝伦，定能畅销市场、一枝独秀！！JD-16采用坚实的Engelmann云杉面板非洲的桃花心木做背、侧板扇形前置式X音梁支架使吉他的音色浑厚响亮Kluson风格的Butter Bean琴头条纹象牙色滚边和琴身底部的装饰条使之更具特色指板上的鲍鱼壳星点和琴头上的珍珠、鲍鱼壳相结合的图案，都充分显示了这款吉他精致的做工和高档的品质，必将成为专业原声吉他演奏者的最爱二。Cort Mr710f电箱－－－－2350元左右TOP 面板－－Solid spruce 单板云杉 Back Side 背侧板－－Mahogany or Maple 桃花心木或枫木 Neck 琴颈－－Mahogany or Maple 桃花心木或枫木 Fingerboard 指板－－Rosewood 玫瑰木 Bridge 琴桥－－Rosewood 玫瑰木 Tuners 弦钮－－Die cast w/ black knobs Scale－－25.3 Body Depth －－100 x 125mm Nut Width－－43mm Preamp 拾音器－－Fishman classic4 T Color －－NS, NTF 三。Cort Mr727f电箱－－2050元左右cort比较经典畅销的mr系列电箱琴。这个系列电箱琴属于cort中高档琴，都配备了著名的fishman拾音系统（包括拾音器系统和前级放大系统）。727f是其中最便宜的一款。面板：单板枫木背侧板：枫木颈部：枫木指板：玫瑰木Diecasting执手fishman式音系统四。cort earth-200民谣－－2080元左右cort厂也许他们做的电吉他还只能算是异军突起的新秀，那么cort的木吉他绝对是世界上最老牌的木吉他品牌之一，长达40多年的悠久历史，cort木吉他可以代表着世界木吉他的最高生产水准和最高性价比。cort木吉他的两个代表系列位Earth和Mr。其中earth系列是cort制作的纯粹的“民谣艺术品”，earth200无需宣传，现在已经成为国内2000元附近价位的首选民谣琴的领头者。earth200能够做到这点，靠的是朴实的价格，令人赞叹的做工和用料！！earth系列是cort性价比最好的表现earth200这款琴达到了非常高的性价比，无论从用料上，还是指板的做工上，这款琴都达到了相当高的水准。earth采用古典典雅的造型，在民谣琴中更显与众不同面板：单板云杉背板：单板桃花心木侧板：桃花心木琴颈：桃花心木指板：玫瑰木旋钮部件：Grover w/black knobs琴桥：Scooped Bridge琴桥垫片：复合象牙earth200大量采用了高档琴使用的高档桃花心木，配合优质的云杉面板，实现了高品质与低价格的完美结合五。Cort Earth-600－－2500至3500间规格：Cort Earth 600民谣吉他参数说明：云杉面板玫瑰木背、侧板；桃花心木琴颈玫瑰木指板Grover调弦系统标准41"琴体颜色：NAT产地：韩国 一.Johnson Carolina系列高档手工单板民谣琴JD-16-----1180元左右总结特点：1、单板的高配置，并且木料都是上等的2、完美的工艺，马丁的工艺技术不是吹牛的，这个系列的琴工艺确实到位3、超级漂亮！！他的木纹、漆工、雕花,太好看了Johnson最新产品Carolina（卡萝琳娜）系列是传统音色和现代设计的完美结合，他所带来的是一种19世纪30年代原声吉他的听觉享受，这款吉他使用严格挑选的木材、经手工制作而成，再加上融合了著名的工艺大师Greg Rich的设计理念。更是在每一个细节之处都凸显其精致与绝伦，定能畅销市场、一枝独秀！！JD-16采用坚实的Engelmann云杉面板非洲的桃花心木做背、侧板扇形前置式X音梁支架使吉他的音色浑厚响亮Kluson风格的Butter Bean琴头条纹象牙色滚边和琴身底部的装饰条使之更具特色指板上的鲍鱼壳星点和琴头上的珍珠、鲍鱼壳相结合的图案，都充分显示了这款吉他精致的做工和高档的品质，必将成为专业原声吉他演奏者的最爱二。Cort Mr710f电箱－－－－2350元左右TOP 面板－－Solid spruce 单板云杉 Back Side 背侧板－－Mahogany or Maple 桃花心木或枫木 Neck 琴颈－－Mahogany or Maple 桃花心木或枫木 Fingerboard 指板－－Rosewood 玫瑰木 Bridge 琴桥－－Rosewood 玫瑰木 Tuners 弦钮－－Die cast w/ black knobs Scale－－25.3 Body Depth －－100 x 125mm Nut Width－－43mm Preamp 拾音器－－Fishman classic4 T Color －－NS, NTF 三。Cort Mr727f电箱－－2050元左右cort比较经典畅销的mr系列电箱琴。这个系列电箱琴属于cort中高档琴，都配备了著名的fishman拾音系统（包括拾音器系统和前级放大系统）。727f是其中最便宜的一款。面板：单板枫木背侧板：枫木颈部：枫木指板：玫瑰木Diecasting执手fishman式音系统四。cort earth-200民谣－－2080元左右cort厂也许他们做的电吉他还只能算是异军突起的新秀，那么cort的木吉他绝对是世界上最老牌的木吉他品牌之一，长达40多年的悠久历史，cort木吉他可以代表着世界木吉他的最高生产水准和最高性价比。cort木吉他的两个代表系列位Earth和Mr。其中earth系列是cort制作的纯粹的“民谣艺术品”，earth200无需宣传，现在已经成为国内2000元附近价位的首选民谣琴的领头者。earth200能够做到这点，靠的是朴实的价格，令人赞叹的做工和用料！！earth系列是cort性价比最好的表现earth200这款琴达到了非常高的性价比，无论从用料上，还是指板的做工上，这款琴都达到了相当高的水准。earth采用古典典雅的造型，在民谣琴中更显与众不同面板：单板云杉背板：单板桃花心木侧板：桃花心木琴颈：桃花心木指板：玫瑰木旋钮部件：Grover w/black knobs琴桥：Scooped Bridge琴桥垫片：复合象牙earth200大量采用了高档琴使用的高档桃花心木，配合优质的云杉面板，实现了高品质与低价格的完美结合五。Cort Earth-600－－2500至3500间规格：Cort Earth 600民谣吉他参数说明：云杉面板玫瑰木背、侧板；桃花心木琴颈玫瑰木指板Grover调弦系统标准41"琴体颜色：NAT产地：韩国

浇铸是指金属液在地球重力作用下注入铸型的工艺，也称重力铸造。压力铸造是指金属液在其他外力（不含重力）作用下注入铸型的工艺。压铸的主要特点是金属液在高压、高速下充填型腔，并在高压下成形、凝固，压铸件的不足之处是：因为金属液在高压、高速下充填型腔的过程中，不可避免地把型腔中的空气夹裹在铸件内部，形成皮下气孔，所以铝合金压铸件不宜热处理，锌合金压铸件不宜表面喷塑（但可喷漆）。否则，铸件内部气孔在作上述处理加热时，将遇热膨胀而致使铸件变形或鼓泡。此外，压铸件的机械切削加工余量也应取得小一些，一般在 0.5mm左右，既可减轻铸件重量、减少切削加工量以降低成本，又可避免穿透表面致密层，露出皮下气孔，造成工件报废。

　　拉模是产品有道拉伤的痕迹，主要是脱模不畅造成的（或模具有倒钩现象）。　　压铸(英文:die casting)是一种金属铸造工艺，其特点是利用模具腔对融化的金属施加高压。模具通常是用强度更高的合金加工而成的，这个过程有些类似注塑成型。大多数压铸铸件都是不含铁的，例如锌、铜、铝、镁、铅、锡以及铅锡合金以及它们的合金。根据压铸类型的不同，需要使用冷室压铸机或者热室压铸机。　　铸造设备和模具的造价高昂，因此压铸工艺一般只会用于批量制造大量产品。制造压铸的零部件相对来说比较容易，这一般只需要四个主要步骤，单项成本增量很低。压铸特别适合制造大量的中小型铸件，因此压铸是各种铸造工艺中使用最广泛的一种。同其他铸造技术相比，压铸的表面更为平整，拥有更高的尺寸一致性。　　在传统压铸工艺的基础上诞生了几种改进型的工艺，包括减少铸造缺陷排除气孔的无孔压铸工艺。主要用于加工锌，可以减少废弃物增加成品率的直接注射工艺。还有由通用动力公司发明的精速密压铸技术以及半固态压铸等等新式压铸工艺。

粉末冶金是制取金属或用金属粉末（或金属粉末与非金属粉末的混合物）作为原料，经过成形和烧结，制造金属材料、复合以及各种类型制品的工艺技术。压力铸造highpressurediecasting（简称压铸）的实质是在高压作用下，使液态或半液态金属以较高的速度充填压铸型(压铸模具)型腔，并在压力下成型和凝固而获得铸件的方法。

铸造的行业特点：铸造是比较经济的毛坯成形方法，对于形状复杂的零件更能显示出它的经济性。如汽车发动机的缸体和缸盖，船舶螺旋桨以及精致的艺术品等。有些难以切削的零件，如燃汽轮机的镍基合金零件不用铸造方法无法成形。对于铸造工程师以及机械结构设计工程师而言，热处理是一项非常有意义，而具甚高价值用以改进材料品质的方法，借热处理可以改变或影响铸铁的组织及性质，同时可以获得更高的强度、硬度，而改善其磨耗抵抗能力等等。由于目的不同，热处理的种类非常多，基本主要可分成两大类，第一类是组织构造不会经由热处理而发生变化或者也不应该发生改变的，第二则是基本的组织结构发生变化者。第一热处理程序，主要用于消除内应力，而此内应力系在铸造过程中由于冷却状况及条件不同而引起。组织、强度及其他机械性质等，不因热处理而发生明显变化。扩展资料：铸造种类：为铸造技术使用最多的材料。砂模铸造法（SandCasting）利用砂作为铸模材料，依不同成份的砂可再细分为湿砂模铸造法（GreenSandMold）、表面干砂模铸造法（DrySandMold）等等，但并非所有砂均可用以铸造。好处是成本较低，因为铸模所使用的沙可重复使用；缺点是铸模制作耗时，铸模本身不能被重复使用，须破坏后才能取得成品。金属模铸造法（DieCasting）利用熔点较原料高的金属制作铸模。其中细分为重力铸造法、低压铸造法和高压铸造法。受制于铸模的熔点，可被铸造的金属也有所限制。失蜡法（InvestmentCasting、Lost-waxcasting）这方法可以为外膜铸造法和固体铸造法。先以蜡复制所需要铸造的物件，然后浸入含陶瓷的池中并待干，使以蜡制的复制品覆上一层陶瓷外膜，一直重复步骤直到外膜足以支持铸造过程（约1/4寸到1/8寸），然后熔解模中的蜡，并抽离铸模。其后铸模需要多次加以高温，增强硬度后方可用以铸造。此方法具有良好的准确性，更可用作高熔点金属（如钛）的铸造。但由于陶瓷价格颇高，而且制作需要多次加热和复杂，故成本颇为昂贵。参考资料：搜狗百科-铸造

mouldingdie-casting

die casting:压力铸造stamping:冲压

verb Irregular: dies; dying; died; died 1. to stop living 死；死亡；凋谢 ~ (of/from sth) ~ (for sth) § 2. to stop existing; to disappear 消失；消亡；灭亡 V § The old customs are dying. 旧的习俗正在消亡。 § His secret died with him(= he never told anyone). 他的秘密随同他一起进了坟墓。 § The words died on my lips(= I stopped speaking). 我话到嘴边又缩回去了。 3. of a machine 机器 to stop working 停止运转 V The engine spluttered and died. 发动机劈劈啪啪响了一阵后便熄火了。 .My car just died on me. 我的汽车开着开着就坏了。 A AAAJJJJS Abe dying for something/to do something informal to want something or want to do something very much 渴望；极想 I"m dying for a glass of water. 我真想喝杯水。 I"m dying to know what happened. 我很想知道发生了什么事儿。 die a/the death British English, informal to fail completely 彻底失败；完全消失 The play got terrible reviews and quickly died a death. 这出戏被批得一无是处，很快就收场了。 die in your bed to die of old age or illness 善终；寿终正寝 die laughing to find something extremely funny 可笑极了；笑死人 §I nearly died laughing when she said that. 她说那话时，我差点给笑死。 old habits, traditions, etc. die hard used to say that things change very slowly （旧习惯、传统等）难以改变，根深蒂固 to die for informal if you think something is to die for, you really want it, and would do anything to get it 就是去死也要；不管怎么样都要 § She was wearing a dress to die for. 她穿了一条漂亮得要命的连衣裙。 § See also: cross my heart and (hope to die); die/fall/drop like flies; never say die Phrasal: die away to become gradually weaker or fainter and finally disappear 逐渐减弱；逐渐模糊；逐渐消失 The sound of their laughter died away. 他们的笑声渐渐消失了。 Phrasal: die back if a plant dies back, it loses its leaves but remains alive （植物）叶凋而不死 Phrasal: die down to become gradually less strong, loud, noticeable, etc. 逐渐变弱；逐渐平息；逐渐暗淡 The flames finally died down. 火焰越来越小，最后熄灭了。 When the applause had died down, she began her speech. 掌声平息后她便开始演讲了。 Phrasal: die off to die one after the other until there are none left 相继死去；先后死去 Phrasal: die out to stop existing 灭绝；消失 This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed. 因栖息地正受到破坏这一物种已濒于灭绝。 a block of metal with a special shape or with a pattern cut into it, that is used for shaping other pieces of metal such as coins, or for making patterns on paper or leather 模具；冲模；压模 dice Synonym especially American English the die is cast saying 0. used to say that an event has happened or a decision has been made that cannot be changed 事已成定局；木已成舟 英语字典· die 1. (of a person, animal, or plant) Stop living 2. Be killed for (a cause) 3. Have a specified status at the time of one"s death 相关短语· dice 1. 骰子；色子 2. 掷骰游戏；掷骰赌博 3. 将（肉、菜等）切成小方块；将…切成丁 · die casting 压铸 · die from 因...而死 · die of/from 因...而死 · die like a dog 悲惨地死去 · die-hard 1. 抵抗到底的 2. 死硬派 · die of 因...而死 · cross my heart (and hope to die) 我发誓（否则不得好死） · die a/the death 彻底失败；完全消失 · old habits, traditions, etc. die hard （旧习惯、传统等）难以改变，根深蒂固

兵法有云：知己知彼百战不殆。 1，要想展示自己的优势，可以做公司的smat分析。就是分析自己公司的优势，劣势，机遇和挑战。 2，同时了解自己公司的产品或者服务区别与其他人的特点。特点就是优势。 3，在具体的陈述自己的公司的时候，可以这样看，你们的公司和其他的公司同质化是否严重。如果同质化程度不高，则找出区别所在，然后把自己公司具有的特点或者做得更好的特点传递出来。 如果产品同质化比较严重。就需要突破产品本身，比如价格，性价比，或者服务优势，或者财务诚信，品牌效应等优势。 4，最后的一点，可以用三讲来体现公司，既“讲公司（老总），讲产品，讲文化”来体现公司的特色。

压铸工艺是将压铸机、压铸模和压铸合金三大要素有机合并并运用的过程；同时，这些因素互相影响而又互相制约。压铸的主要工艺参数为比压、充填速度、充型时间、模温。其中比压和充填速度是压铸过程中最重要的工艺参数。

ALDC8是韩国牌号，日本的铝合金牌号为ADC12，又称12号铝料，Al-Si-Cu系合金，是一种压铸铝合金，适合盖子、缸体类等，执行标准为：JISH5302-2000《铝合金压铸件》。　　ADC12相当于中国国产的合金代号YL113，合金牌号是YZAlSi11Cu3，执行标准GB/T15115-2009。美国合金牌号是383，执行标准为：ASTMB85-03StandardSpecificationforAluminum-AlloyDieCastings（可能还有比ASTMB85-03更新的版本）常识　　日本的ADC10及ADC12，基本上是用废旧铝再生的，日本还制订出废铝再生压铸铝合金的标准。当前国内广泛应用压铸合金Y112，依据机械工业部的压铸合金标准，比较适宜于用废铝来熔炼，这无疑可缓解铝锭供不应求的矛盾。成分　　ADC12含铝(Al)余量,铜(Cu)1.5～3.5,硅(Si)9.6～12.0,镁(Mg)≤0.3,锌(Zn)≤1.0,铁(Fe)≤0.9,锰(Mn)≤0.5,镍(Ni)≤0.5,锡(Sn)≤0.3化学成分　　Si10.5～11.5　　Fe0.3～0.6　　Cu3.0～3.5　　Mg0.2～0.3　　Mn0.3～0.5　　Zn0.6～0.9　　Ni0.2～0.5　　Sn≤0.3　　Al余量

1、国务院政府特殊津贴获得者（国务院，2004年）2、国家级高等学校教学名师（教育部，2006年）3、河南省优秀教师（河南省教育厅、人事厅，1998年）4、河南省优秀专家（河南省人民政府，2006年）5、河南省跨世纪学术和技术带头人培养对象（河南省人事厅，1998年）6、河南省中青年骨干教师（河南省教育厅、人事厅，1998年）7、河南省高校优秀共产党员（河南省委组织部，2000年）8、河南省学科与学位先进工作者（河南省教育厅，2007年）9、郑州市三育人先进个人（郑州市教委、工会，1996年） ⒈H.X. Wang,S.K. Guan,X. Wang,et al. Invitro degradation and mechanical integrity of Mg–Zn–Ca alloy coated withCa-deficient hydroxyapatite by the pulse electrodeposition process. ActaBiomaterialia,2010,6⑸： 1743-1748⒉ Jun Wang,Liguo Wang,Shaokang Guan,etal. Microstructure and corrosion properties of as sub-rapid solidificationMg–Zn–Y–Nd alloy in dynamic simulated body fluid for vascular stentapplication. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine. DOI:10.1007/s10856-010-4063-z⒊Wei XF,Sun YF,Guan SK,et al.Compressiveand tensile properties of CuZrAl alloy plates containing martensitic phases.MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A,2009,517（1-2）： 375-380⒋ Hu JH,Guan SK,Zhang CL,et al.Corrosion protection of AZ31 magnesium alloy by a TiO2 coating prepared by LPDmethod. SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY,2009,203⒁： 2017-2020⒌ Wen CL,Guan SK,Peng L,et al.Characterization and degradation behavior of AZ31 alloy surface modified bybone-like hydroxyapatite for implant applications. APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE,2009,255（13-14）： 6433-6438⒍ Guan SK,Wu LH,Wang P. Hot forgeabilityand die-forging forming of semi-continuously cast AZ70 magnesium alloy.MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A. 2009,499（1-2）： 187-191⒎ Guan SK,Zhang CX,Wang LG,et al. Phaseselection of ternary intermetallic compounds during solidification of high zincmagnesium alloy. TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA. 2008,18⑶： 593-597⒏ Zhu SJ,Guan SK,Yang Q,et al.Microstructure evolution and nucleation kinetics of rapidly solidifiedMg7ZnxY(0.55Zr) alloys. MAGNESIUM TECHNOLOGY 2008. Magnesium Technology Series:299-304⒐ Guan SK,Peng L,Wen CL,et al.Electrochemical fabrication and biocompatibility of the hydroxyapatite coatingon magnesium alloy for implanted applications. MAGNESIUM TECHNOLOGY 2008:367-371⒑ Guan SK,Wu LH,Wang LG. Flow stressand microstructure evolution of semi-continuous casting AZ70 Mg-alloy duringhot compression deformation. TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OFCHINA. 2008,18⑵： 315-320⒒ Guan SK,Zhu SJ,Wang LG,et al.Structures and mechanical properties of double hot-extruded AZ80+xSr wroughtalloys. TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA. 2007,17⑹：1143-1151⒓ Wang YX,Guan SK,Zeng XQ,et al.Effects of RE on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-8Zn-4Almagnesium alloy. MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A,2006,416（1-2）： 109-118 ⑴ 关绍康;张春香；王建强；王迎新；石广新 含硅的高锌镁合金及其制备工艺，授权专利号：ZL200310110192.3⑵ 关绍康；卢广玺；陈海军；石广新 Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Ti-Sr合金及其制备方法，授权专利号：ZL 200410010234.0⑶ 关绍康；王利国；张保丰；朱世杰；张梅；耿家源. Mg-Al-Si-Mn-Ca合金制备方法，授权专利号：ZL 200510048417.6.⑷ 关绍康；胡俊华；任晨星；赵红亮；王利国；李庆奎；朱世杰一种镁合金负载纳米TiO2光催化薄膜的制备方法，授权专利号：ZL 200510017748.3⑸ 关绍康；任晨星；曹文博；胡俊华；孙玉峰；刘晓芳 一种镁合金表面直接纳米二氧化钛化学复合镀的方法，授权专利号：ZL 200510107254.4⑹ 关绍康；陈 旷；胡保健；梁允勇 一种高效高性能A356合金低压铸造轮毂的热处理方法，授权专利号：ZL 200610017600.4⑺ 关绍康；吴立鸿；赵红亮；王利国；王 盼. 利用铸态镁合金进行超塑性锻造成形的方法，授权专利号：ZL 200710193056.3⑻ 关绍康；王迎新；赵红亮;石广新一种含稀土高锌镁合金及其制备方法，申请专利号：03126341.0⑼ 关绍康；温翠莲；王利国；赵晶；王项. 一种纳米HAP涂层/镁合金复合生物材料的制备方法，申请专利号：200810049023.6.⑽ 关绍康；王焕新；王利国；王项；朱世杰；任晨星 纯镁或镁合金表面羟基磷灰石涂层的脉冲电沉积制备方法，申请专利号：200910065998.2

愚公移山 （How Yu Gong Moved Away Two High Mountains） There were two high mountains between Jizhou in the south and Heyang in the north. One was called Taihang Mountain and the other Wangwu Mountain. Both of the mountains were very high. Just to the north of the mountains lived an old man called Yu Gong who was nearly 90 years old. With the two high mountains just in front of his house, his family and he had to walk a long way around the mountains whenever they had something to do on the other side of the mountains. One day, Yu Gong called all his family together to talk about how to move the two mountains to other places. His wife said, "An old man like you cannot even move a small hill, not to mention the two high mountains. Even if you can, where can you throw so much earth and stone?" "The Bohai Sea is big enough to contain all the earth and stone," Yu Gong said. So it was decided. His children started to dig the mountains, led by the old man Yu Gong. A man named Zhi Sou saw them working and tried to stop them, saying, "You are so silly! You"re so old and weak that you can"t even take away the grass and trees. How can you move the high mountains?" "You"re wrong," Yu Gong said with a sigh. "Look, my sons can continue my work after my death. When my sons die, my grandchildren will continue. So generations after generations, there"s no end. But the mountains can"t grow higher. Do you still say I can"t move them away?" Later the Heaven God, upon learning of Yu Gong"s story, was greatly moved. He then ordered another god to come down and take the two high mountains away. The story tells us that so long as one is determined and sticks to it long enough, anything can be done, no matter how difficult it is. 在冀州的南面,河阳的北面,有两座巍峨的大山,一座是太行,一座是王屋,方圆七百里,有万丈高. 山的北边住着年近90的愚公.由于家门被山挡住,每次外出全家人都要绕过大山,多走很多路. 一天,愚公把全家人召集到一起,商量着把两座大山移走.妻子说：“凭你的力量,连一座小山丘也移不走,何况这两座大山呢?再说,你就是能移走,那土石往哪里放呢?”愚公说：“渤海那么大,可以把土石扔到渤海里去.” 说干就干,愚公带领子孙们挖起山来.河曲的智叟看见了,笑着阻止道：“你真是太傻了!以你的残年余力,连山上的一根草都动不了,更何况大山?”愚公叹了口气说：“你错了.你想想,我死了以后还有我的儿子,我的儿子又有儿子,子子孙孙没有穷尽!可是山上的土石不会增加,还怕挖不走吗?” 愚公移山的事很快被玉皇大帝知道了.玉帝被愚公坚韧不拔的精神所感动,便派大力神把两座大山背走了. 这个故事告诉我们：只要有决心,有毅力,再难的事情也能办成. 伊索童话 - 狮子和老鼠 Aesop"s Fables The Lion and the Mouse Once when a Lion was asleep a little Mouse began running up and down upon him； this soon wakened the Lion, who placed his huge paw upon him, and opened his big jaws to swallow him. "Pardon, O King," cried the little Mouse： "forgive me this time, I shall never forget it： who knows but what I may be able to do you a turn some of these days?" The Lion was so tickled at the idea of the Mouse being able to help him, that he lifted up his paw and let him go. Some time after the Lion was caught in a trap, and the hunters who desired to carry him alive to the King, tied him to a tree while they went in search of a waggon to carry him on. Just then the little Mouse happened to pass by, and seeing the sad plight in which the Lion was, went up to him and soon gnawed away the ropes that bound the King of the Beasts. "Was I not right?" said the little Mouse. Little friends may prove great friends. 伊索童话 - 乌鸦喝水 Aesop"s Fables The Crow and the Pitcher A Crow, half-dead with thirst, came upon a Pitcher which had once been full of water； but when the Crow put its beak into the mouth of the Pitcher he found that only very little water was left in it, and that he could not reach far enough down to get at it. He tried, and he tried, but at last had to give up in despair. Then a thought came to him, and he took a pebble and dropped it into the Pitcher. Then he took another pebble and dropped it into the Pitcher. Then he took another pebble and dropped that into the Pitcher. Then he took another pebble and dropped that into the Pitcher. Then he took another pebble and dropped that into the Pitcher. Then he took another pebble and dropped that into the Pitcher. At last, at last, he saw the water mount up near him, and after casting in a few more pebbles he was able to quench his thirst and save his life. Little by little does the trick.

　　The Wild Swans(野天鹅)　　Long ago and far away there lived a King. He was very proud of his eleven sons and one daughter. All of his children were good, kind and wise, even young Eliza who was still only a baby.　　The Queen had sadly died and after a while, feeling that his children needed a mother, the King married again.　　His new Queen was very jealous of the eleven princes and Eliza, and life for them soon changed. Eliza was sent to the country to be brought up on a farm.　　The Queen turned the King from his sons, by telling lies to him about them. Soon the King cared nothing for his sons. The Queen was delighted.　　"Go, you big ugly birds," she cried to them one day, casting a spell on them. But the worst she could do was to turn them into swans with golden crowns on their heads. Away they flew.　　They flew over the cottage where Eliza lived, but no-one saw them.　　Eliza lived happily at the farm, but she missed her brothers. When she was fifteen, she returned to the palace.　　The Queen was furious at how pretty Eliza had become, and would dearly have liked to turn her into a swan like her brothers.　　Instead she bathed Eliza and put three toads in to change her looks. The toads were instantly turned to poppies by Eliza"s innocence and goodness.　　The Queen then used walnut juice to darken Eliza"s skin, and matted her hair with fat.　　"This will make the King reject you," said the Queen, and the King did turn from Eliza. He did not know that this messy girl brought before him was his daughter.　　Eliza was very upset and decided to run away to look for her brothers. She went over the fields and through the forests. She came at last to a stream and saw her own reflection.　　"No wonder my father did not know me," she said, and she jumped in to wash herself. Moments later the real Eliza emerged, with clean golden hair and fair skin.　　For many days she walked, looking for her brothers. One day she met an old woman. She had a basket of fruit and shared some with Eliza.　　"Have you seen eleven princes riding through the forest?" asked Eliza.　　"I haven"t, my dear," said the old woman. " But yesterday I did see eleven swans riding down the stream. Each had a golden crown on his head." She showed Eliza the river.　　Eliza followed the river to the shore, and stood watching the waves. As the sun set, the swans turned into eleven princes with golden crowns on their heads.　　"My brothers!" cried Eliza, and she ran to greet them. They were delighted to see their younger sister, now grown into a lovely girl. They soon realised that it was because of the wicked Queen that they were rejected.　　"We are swans during the day," said the eldest. "But when the sun goes down, we regain our human form. We therefore have to be over land when the sun sets or we will be doomed."　　"We will take you with us when we leave tomorrow," said the youngest. "Tonight we must weave a net to carry you."　　All night the brothers and sister wove a net. In the morning as Eliza slept, eleven swans flew up into the air, carrying the net. The youngest shaded Eliza"s face from the sun with his wing.　　On the other side of the sea was a beautiful land. The brothers flew hard to reach it in daylight.　　"Here is your new home," they said as they landed.　　Eliza had a dream that night. A fairy came to her and said, "There is a way to save your brothers, but it means hardship and pain for you. There are stinging nettles around the cave. Gather them, although they will sting, and trample them with your feet. With the flax, weave and make up eleven mail shirts for your brothers. But you must never speak, from the moment you start until you finish, even if it takes years, or your brothers will die."　　Eliza awoke with a nettle stinging her hand.　　Her brothers had already left as it was broad daylight, so Eliza began her work. When they returned and saw her poor blistered hands, and she would not say a word, they realised that she was working for them. Two more days and the first shirt was finished. A day later, she was at her work, when the royal huntsmen came to the forest. She ran to her cave in fright, but the dogs followed her. The King was amongst the huntsmen and fell in love with Eliza when he saw her.　　"I"ll take you to the palace, where you may make your home," he told Eliza.　　Eliza was beautifully dressed, and the King chose to make her his Queen, but she would not smile or say a word.　　"My present to you," he said, taking her to a small chamber, "is a room like your cave, with all your familiar things around you."　　There Eliza saw the prepared nettles and the completed shirt and she was happy.　　Night after night the young Queen crept away from the King to continue her work.　　Soon seven shirts were completed, but she had no more flax. Eliza knew that the nearest nettles grew in the graveyard.　　At the dead of night, while all were asleep, she crept out to the graveyard. On a gravestone sat seven witches, counting the dead. Eliza walked straight past, with a shudder.　　The Archbishop was the only one to have seen Eliza leave, and he had followed her. He did not trust her, and thought she had bewitched the King.　　"The Queen is a witch," the Archbishop told the King. "I have proof."　　The King did not want to believe it, but he watched when Eliza went out at night. Night after night, she continued her weaving in the small room. Then one night, with one shirt to go, Eliza ran out of flax and nettles. She would have to visit the graveyard again. This time the King followed. He saw the witches on the gravestone and believed Eliza to be one of them.　　"The people must judge her," said the King sadly. And the people judged that she was a witch and should be burned at the stake.　　Eliza was thrown into prison. Her pillows and sheets were the nettle shirts. She could not have wished for better blankets, and she continued her work.　　Eleven princes arrived that night at the palace gate, demanding to see the king.　　"It"s too late to disturb the King," said the guards. Eleven swans flew off as dawn broke.　　Eliza was carried to the stake in a cart, still sewing and weaving the eleventh shirt. The others lay at her feet.　　"Look at the witch!" cried the mob. "She still sews! She"s casting spells Take it from her!"　　The people were about to tear the shirts from her when eleven swans appeared, golden crowns on their heads, flapping their wings and forcing the people back.　　The executioner went to tie Eliza to the sake, but Eliza quickly threw the shirts over her brothers, and they became princes again. Sadly the youngest still had a wing instead of an arm, as Eliza had not quite finished the shirt.　　"Now I may speak!" cried Eliza, turning to the King.　　The whole story was told to the King, who was very happy. He did not want to loose Eliza.　　As the eldest prince spoke, the wood at the stake blossomed and a huge rose bush sprang up.　　The King gave a rose to Eliza, and there was a happy wedding procession back to the palace, where the King and Eliza lived happily.　　梗概版（200左右）　　In a faraway kingdom, there lives a King with his twelve children: eleven princes and one princess. One day, He marries a wicked Queen who is actually a witch. Out of spite, the queen turns her eleven stepsons into swans and forces them to fly away. The brothers carry Elisa to safety in a foreign land where she is out of harm"s way of her stepmother. The king of another faraway land happens to come across the mute Elisa and falls in love with her. Eventually he proposes to crown her as his Queen and wife, and she accepts. One night Elisa runs out of nettles and is forced to collect more in a nearby church graveyard, braving witches who feast on the graveyard corpses. She can speak no word in her defence and is sentenced to death by burning at the stake. The brothers discover Elisa"s plight and try to speak to the king, but fail. Even as the tumbril bears Elisa away to execution, she continues knitting, determined to keep it up to the last moment of her life. Then Elisa throws the shirts over the swans, and the brothers return to their human forms. The youngest brother retains one swan"s wing because Elisa did not have time to finish the last sleeve. Elisa can now speak and explain the reason for her mysterious work, but she faints from exhaustion, so her brothers explain. Elisa"s courage prevails, and she is forever reunited with her brothers.

3 结论（1）高纯铝拉伸表面的橘皮化现象受晶粒尺寸效应影响极大，在形变量相同的情况下，晶粒尺寸为60 μm的样品较晶粒尺寸为500 μm的样品表面橘皮化不明显。（2）对于高纯铝板，晶粒尺寸对橘皮缺陷的影响强于应变量，而晶粒尺寸和应变量对表面橘皮缺陷的耦合影响是单个参数影响的3倍以上。（3）不同晶粒尺寸的高纯铝材料的断口均显示出一定程度的颈缩，并且晶粒尺寸越小颈缩越明显，表现出明显的韧性断裂特征。从断口截面的EBSD图中观察到线性分布的小孔洞，并且孔洞在晶界处成核。参考文献：[1] TONG W , HECTOR JR LG , WEILAND H. In-situ surface characterization of a binary aluminum alloy during tensile deformation[J]. Scripta materialia, 1997,36(11):1339-1344.[2] Y.S. CHOI ,H.R.PIEHELER,A.D.ROLLETT. Formation of mesoscale roughening in 6022-T4 Al sheets deformed in plane-strain tension[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A.35(2004):513-524.[3] O. WOUTERS et al. Effects of crystal structure and grain orientation on the roughness of deformed polycrystalline metals[J]. Acta Materialia, 2006, 54(10) : 2813-2821.[4] 孙芳芳. 2219铝合金拉伸成型过程中表面橘皮现象研究[D].天津大学,2014.Sun F F. Study on orange peel phenomenon of 2219 aluminum alloy during stretch forming [D]. Tianjin University, 2014.[5] 马鸣图,杨红亚,吴娥梅等.铝合金板材拉伸变形时橘皮成因的研究进展[J].中国工程科学. 2014,16(01).Ma M T, Yang H Y, Wu E M, et al. Research progress of orange peel formation during tensile deformation of aluminum alloy sheet [J]. Chinese engineering science. 2014,16 (01)[6] 马鸣图,梅华生,路洪洲等.铝合金板材拉伸后的表面橘皮与其力学性能及表面粗糙度的关系[J].机械工程材料. 2013,37(08).Ma M T, Mei H S, Lu H Z, et al. Relationship between surface orange peel and mechanical properties and surface roughness of aluminum alloy sheet after tension [J]. Materials for mechanical engineering. 2013,37 (08).[7] 李剑飞,贾国朋,李细锋等.蒙皮拉形中橘皮缺陷的研究进展[J].模具技术. 2018,(02).Li J F, Jia G P, Li X F, et al. Research progress of orange peel defect in skin stretch forming [J]. Die technology. 2018, (02).[8] O. WOUTERS et al. On the evolution of surface roughness during deformation of polycrystalline aluminum alloys[J]. Acta Materialia, 2005, 53(15) : 4043-4050.[9] KOZO OSAKADA AND MORIYA OYANE. On the Roughening of Free Surface in Deformation Processes[J]. Bulletin of JSME, 1971, 14(68) : 171-177.[10] E O HALL. The Deformation and Ageing of Mild Steel: III Discussion of Results[J]. Proceedings of the Physical Society. Section B, 1951, 64(9) : 747-753.[11] M.A. MEYERS ANG A. MISRA AND D.J. BENSON. Mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials[J]. Progress in Materials Science, 2005, 51(4) : 427-556.[12] KAMIKAWA N, HUANG X X, TSUJI N. Strengthening mechanisms in nanostructured high purityaluminium deformed to high strain and annealed[J]. Acta Materialia, 2009,57(14): 4198-4208.[13] 王贤敏. 1Cr18Ni9Ti 奥氏体不锈钢“桔皮”状表面形成原因的探讨[J]. 铸锻热—热处理实践，1994(4):49-51.Wang X M. Discussion on the formation of orange peel like surface of 1Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic stainless steel [J]. Practice of casting forging heat treatment, 1994 (4): 49-51[14] DAVYDOV, V.G,et al. Alloying aluminum alloys with scandium and zirconium additives[J]. Metal Science & Heat Treatment, 1996. 38(8): 347-352.[15] BORKAR, H., S. SEIFEDDINE ANDER.E.W. JARFORS. In-situ EBSD study of deformation behavior of Al–Si–Cu alloys during tensile testing[J]. Materials & Design, 2015. 84(nov.5): 36-47.[16] CAI Y, WANG X,YUAN S J. Quantitative analysis of orange peel during tension of 6063 alloy spun tubes[J] .Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China.,28(2018) :858−865.[17] LOSW, HORNG T C. Surface roughening and contact behavior in forming of aluminum sheet[J].Journal of Tribology,1999,121(2):224-233.[18] CAI Y,WANG X,YUAN S.Anlysis of surface roughing behavior of 6063 aluminum alloy by tensile testing of a trapezoidal uniaxial specimen[J].Materials Scirece & Engineering A,2016,672:184-193.

第一组，叫做：先进材料性能与应用，主要课程有：复合材料(Composite Materials) 工程材料学（A类）(Engineering Materials) 功能材料(Functional Materials)纳米材料(Nanomaterials) 能源材料(Materials for energy conversion and sustainable development) 生态环境材料学(Introduction to Ecomaterial) 生物医用材料(Biological Materials) 陶瓷材料基础(Introduction to Ceramics Materials) 高分子材料基础 材料激光加工技术(Materials Laser Processing Techniques) 第二组，叫做：材料制备与加工，主要课程有：材料激光加工技术(Materials Laser Processing Techniques) 微电子制造科学原理与工程技术(Introduction to IC Manufacturing and Microelectronic Packaging) 2材料加工过程控制(Material Shaping Process Control) 材料连接原理与技术(Theory and Technology of Joining for Advanced Materials) 材料制备新技术(Emerging Techniques in Preparation of Materials) 粉末冶金(Powder Metallurgy) 材料腐蚀与防护(Corrosion and Corrosion Control of Materials) 现代表面技术(Modern Surface Technology) 现代模具制造技术（A类）(Modern Manufacturing Technology of Die and Mould(A)) 现代铸造技术(Modern Casting Technique) 第三组，叫做：材料分析与模拟计算，主要课程有： 材料工程中的传输现象(Transport Phenomena and Materials Processing) 材料强度与断裂的模拟(Simulation of Material Strength and Fracture) 测试技术（C类）(Testing Technique) 热处理过程的数值模拟(Numerical simulation on heat treatment process) 失效分析(Failure Analysis) 无损检测(Non-destructive Detection) 液态成型过程CAD/CAE/CAM(CAD/CAE/CAM in precision forming by liquid metals) 有限元数值模拟基础(Fundamental Numerical Simulation by Finite Element Method) 这个指的是专业前沿方向的研究（本科生为主，研究生还有材料物理，材料加工工程和材料热力学处理三个专业）。比较出名的教师，有：张荻老师，孙宝德老师，顾明远老师，王浩伟老师，王健农老师，陈善本老师（都是材料加工工程和材料热处理以及材料物理）等。还有潘建生院士和徐祖耀院士（材料热处理的）等。另外，还有很多的分门别类的细致部分，分类比较细的专业，比如遗态材料研究，比如金属玻璃的研究，比如蝴蝶翅膀与太阳能等等，还有很多，也有一些很出名的老师，甚至是全国的权威，都有很多，这里就不一一列举了。

The dates for this annual celebration are determined by the lunar calendar rather than the Gregorian calendar, so the timing of the holiday varies from late January to early February.

铝在铁模中浇铸的原理与防护处理

When the voice of the Scottish bagpipes played, lens, like to wear on the wings of the bird, gracefully pass in navy blue mountains, white mist rose from the river to disperse, lens constantly closer, woods men"s shadow, the movie began as soon as. Comes at a time when a man"s voice: "I will for you tells the story of William Wallace, a British historians would say I was lying, but history is written by the death of the hero people..." In my dad"s funeral, small Wallace in the mercy of all didn"t speak, a man quietly sad. More young Murron have been looking at him, public people leaving, the little girl from the mother"s hand, from a peaceful land picked a purple thistle flowers to little Wallace. When he took the flowers, that is the only time in the movie I saw his tears big large drops flowing in the eye socket. His tears can bear to see bodies hanging on the roof to reverse the pale face fear, endure the great sadness lost loved ones, but can not afford a care of wild flowers. Since then life is destiny, they have because this encounter who also can not escape each other"s fate. Grow up in their small village once again, under the witness of the godfather secretly married, in the moonlight forest completed important rite in life, everything makes sense and infinite peace. As Wallace had hoped, he hopes to live a quiet life, start a family, a wife and children. I originally thought they love will more long and strong some, but instead as Murron by British military officers die cut throat and let them "together".Lost love Wallace can"t find a calm, destined to belong to the hero"s struggle and deep faith of liberty made him mythical leader. Scottish men is wearing a dress I saw on the battlefield, naked provocation, humiliating the enemy"s fair and square. For all the people abandoned their own people is a hero. Became a war hero Wallace after your alarm, with body, to defend their removed lover after the last faith. Life on horseback gut-wrenching, manipulated with the tender feelings warm blood.In the metal of his battle hymn singing and blood, because of the wrong letter, because of the betrayal, because of the weak, the battlefield became a graveyard, was dressed in Scottish kilt, pressure to each other"s body, with the sword, the cavalry horseshoe crushed face. Women in looking for the bodies of countless similar mournfully belong to their husband, brother, son, father, infinite sad and cruel. Someone said, countless lives were layered sand buried, until sinking deep into the earth is the most, all feelings and life disappear together. Historical cost is high, human blood casting brilliance, blood stage of peace.Wallace eventually go threw with death in return for a way to bet, in the final in the process of waiting for death, he said to the princess of love with her: "every man dies, but not every man really lives." Alone a person"s time, before the death in prison at the last minute, he will pray: "I was afraid, give me the strength to face death!" Because he didn"t know whether he can in great pain, their beliefs and dignity defended to the end. When the British people as high treason people spit on him, for he is about to die, when he saw children under execution ground smiled at his death, I know that ignorance is a great deal of harm. When he suffered pain, at the end of the life, deeply with his last breath, when everyone thought that he asked for mercy, he used the power of life yell out a cry: "freedom"I originally thought that as long as I don"t talk, I won"t cry. But at that moment, I was unconsciously let tears flow down. Ten years ago, there are a lot of people ever cry for this scene. It is a deep shock.Wallace is dead after all, two-time faithless Bruce in front to the Scots, a deep breath and yelled: "you once with Wallace bleeding!" He draw out a sword, "now, you bleed with me, please!"Highland impressive, they sent a shock the whole world cry, "Wallace - Wallace -" so, they played like a poetic beauty, played at all do not lose the Scot"s face, earned his Wallace the same beliefs and the pursuit of freedom and the victory.The countless times in Wallace"s hand sword be inserted on a large green space, the sword handle on red ribbon has been flying to the end of the film, like the winner of the epitaph.Scottish bagpipe ring again, I have already can"t continue to calm. Brave heart as heroes of the rare.I believe that the movie is the art of living. But life is more real, naked.

A. 英语作文简述睡美人的故事梗概 When a new princess is born to King Stefan & his wife, the entire kingdom rejoices. At a ceremony, three good fairies - Flora, Fauna & Merryweather - bestow gifts of magic on the child. But an evil sorceress named Maleficent shows up, and because of a rude remark by Merryweather, she places a curse on the princess - that she will die on her 16th birthday after touching a poisoned spinning wheel. Merryweather tries to undo the damage by casting a spell that will allow the princess - named Aurora - to awake from an ageless sleep with a kiss from her true love. The fairies take Aurora to their cottage in the woods to keep her away from the eyes of Maleficent, and raise her as their own child, named Briar Rose. On her 16th birthday Aurora meets Prince Phillip, the son of a king whose own kingdom will soon merge with King Stefan"s - and falls in love. Maleficent manages to kidnap the Prince and her horrible prophecy is fulfilled when she tricks Aurora into touching a spinning wheel created by Maleficent herself! Realizing that the Prince is in trouble, the 3 good fairies head to Maleficent"s castle at the Forbidden Mountain, and spring the Prince loose. But the Prince soon finds himself up against Maleficent"s army of brutes, and the power of Maleficent"s evil spells - which include a thorn forest as thick as weeds around King Stefan"s castle, and a fight against Maleficent when she turns herself into a dragon! Is the Prince strong enough to withstand the powers of the evil sorceress? Written by Derek O"Cain 望采纳谢谢 B. 初二英语作文:睡美人的故事100到200字 Once up on a time,there is a princess who is cursed by an evil witch,she will sleep until a prince find her and kisses her.Her mother let a fairy cast a spell so that they only wake up when the spell is broken.Then years passed,a prince from a nearby country came to explore the castle which she is kept.He tried to wake others up by shaking her shouting them :"Wake up,wake up!" Then he saw the princess at the end of the room,he gazed at her for a long time and think he had found the love he had been searching for,he gently kissed the girl,and they all came to life.The prince and the princess later married and lived happily ever after C. 英语作文:电影《睡美人》观后感 When a new princess is born to King Stefan & his wife, the entire kingdom rejoices. At a ceremony, three good fairies - Flora, Fauna & Merryweather - bestow gifts of magic on the child. But an evil sorceress named Maleficent shows up, and because of a rude remark by Merryweather, she places a curse on the princess - that she will die on her 16th birthday after touching a poisoned spinning wheel. Merryweather tries to undo the damage by casting a spell that will allow the princess - named Aurora - to awake from an ageless sleep with a kiss from her true love. D. 睡美人英文简洁版 long long ago,there were a king and a queen.they prayed everyday:"what if we have a child?"And soon,they had a beautiful daughter. 很久很久以前，有一对国王和王后。他们每日祈祷：“如果我们有个孩子多好” 然后过不多久，王后生下了一个漂亮女儿。 The king was very glad,and held a grant banquet,and invited all his relatives and friends.and some fairies of his country.There were thirteen fairies in the country.but the king only prepared elve gold plates.So one fairy was not invited.after the banquet,the fairies blessed the girl one by one. 国王非常愉悦，举办了一场盛大的宴会，邀请了他所有的亲朋好友和一些王国里的仙女。这个国家里一共有十三个仙女，但是国王只准备了十二个纯金餐盘，很显然有一个仙女被落下了。宴会的结尾，仙女们依次起身祝福公主， the first one gave her"morality", 第一个仙女祝愿公主：“品行高尚” the second gave her "apperance", 第二个仙女祝愿公主：“貌美如仙” the third gave her "propriety". 第三个仙女祝愿公主：“知书达礼” the others gave her best wishes one after another. 其他的仙女们也都一一给予公主最好的祝福 the eleventh had just finished,the fairy that had not been invited came,she was very angry.because the king did not invited her,she said:"the princess will be hurt by a spindle and die."Then she left. 第十一个仙女刚刚说完，那位被遗忘的仙女赶到了，她因为老国王忘了邀请自己而非常愤怒，她说：“公主将会被纺锤刺伤致死。”然后就自行离开了。 The elfth tairy had not blessed the princess,but she could not relieve the curse.she could only temper it and make it not so serious.she said:"The princess will not die.she will sleep a hundred years." 第十二个仙女还没有祝福，但她也没法解除这个诅咒，她只能缓和它让这个诅咒不那么严重。“公主并不会死，而是会沉睡100年。” In order to escape from the curse,the king order that all the spindles in the country should be destroyed.all the wishes given by the elve fairies came into reality.The princess became a beautiful,kind and lovely girl,On her fifteenth birthday,the princess went to play on an old bell tower,she saw an old woman was weaving with a spindle.The little princess was very curious,But as soon as she put her hand on the spindle,she fell asleep. 为了防止诅咒发生，老国王下令销毁国内左右纺锤，仙女们所有的祝福都实现了，公主成长为一位端庄美丽、温文尔雅、平易近人的女孩。在她15岁生日那天，她跑到一座旧钟塔上去玩，在那里她看见一位老妇人在纺线。小公主非常好奇，但当她碰触到纺锤的时候，她倒地一眠不起了。 The sickness of sleep spread quickly:the king,the queen,all the people and animals in the palace slept.even the burning fire in the furnace had gone to sleep 沉睡的咒语蔓延开来：老国王，王后，城堡里的所有人和动物都睡着了，练炉子里烧着的火也都沉沉而睡了。 A lot of roses grew around the palace,Year after year,the roses grew taller and taller.The story came for many years in the country,many young princes tried to go through the rose forest and find the princess,but the all failed.because the roses grew together and they could not go into the palace 一丛丛玫瑰沿着城墙长起来，年复一年，玫瑰丛长得越来越高。这个故事在这片区域流传了下来，很多年轻的王子试图翻越玫瑰丛寻找城堡里的公主，但是他们都失败了，玫瑰盘根错节，他们根本没法进去。 A hundred years passed,and a young prince came to the city and he tried to go into the city to find the sleeping beauty,At the moment,the branches of roses parted automatically,and the prince went into the palace safely.he found everyone sleeping in the palace,he kept walking and found the sleeping beauty,She was so beautiful that he could not help kissing her. 100年过去了，一个年轻的王子来到这里，他尝试进入城堡寻找睡美人，这时，玫瑰花丛自动分开了一条路，王子安全的进入了城堡。他发现这里的一切都睡着了，他继续往前走找到了睡美人，她是如此美丽，王子情不自禁的吻了她。 At that moment the princess woke up,She looked at the prince soulfully.the prince and the princess went downstairs hand in hand,The other people in the palace also woke up and went on doing what they did.The prince and princess loved each other and they held a grant wedding ceremony and lived happily ever after. 公主一吻而醒，她看着身边的王子，严重脉脉含情。王子和公主手牵手走下楼，城堡里的其他人也慢慢转醒，继续他们手边的工作。王子和公主坠入爱河，他们举办了一场盛大的婚礼之后幸福的生活在了一起。

by the time可以用于表示将来时、过去完成时、现在进行时。1、后接表示现在的时间，用现在完成时。如：By the time of this term,we have learned 5000 words.译文：到这个学期，我们已经学会了5000个单词。2、后接表示将来的时间，用一般将来时或将来完成时。如：By the time 2025,we will learn 5000 words.译文：到2025年，我们将学习5000个单词。3、后接表示过去的时间，用过去完成时。如：I hadn"t found a job by the time my classmates all found their jobs.译文：当我的同学都找到工作时，我还没有找到工作。现在完成时、过去完成时与将来完成的区别1、现在完成时以现在时间为参照点，表示在“现在”以前完成的动作或持续到“现在”的状态。2、过去完成时则以过去时间为参照点，表示在“过去”某一时间以前发生的动作或持续到“过去”某一时间的状态。3、将来完成时则以将来时间为参照点，表示在“将来”某一时间为止已经完成的动作或持续到“将来”某一时间的状态。

to tell the truth是惯用的评注性状语,意思是“说实话”或“老实说”； 例如：To tell the truth,I don"t like him. 老实说,我不喜欢他. telling the truth是动名词短语,可做主语、宾补、伴随状语等等,意思同上, 例如：Telling the truth is a very good habit.说实话是个好习惯

边缘胎座边缘胎座(marginal placentation)：单心皮或多心皮离生雌蕊，子房1室，胚珠沿心皮边缘着生，如豌豆、黄芪、甘草。边缘胎座是由单心皮的边缘愈合形成的。中轴胎座中轴胎座(axile placentation)：多心皮合生，子房多室，心皮的腹缝线向内卷入在中央融合形成中央轴，胚珠着生于每一心皮的内角上（即中轴上），如桔梗、百合、西红柿、柑橘等。中轴胎座的形成可能源于多个边缘愈合心皮的在靠近中央的位置彼此联合。特立中央胎座特立中央胎座(free central placentation)：多心皮合生，子房1室，中轴由子房腔的底部升起，但不达于子房顶，胚珠着生于此轴上，如石竹科、报春花科植物。特立中央胎座是由于具中轴胎座的子房室间隔膜消失演化形成的。侧膜胎座侧膜胎座(parietal placentation)：多心皮合生，子房1室，胚珠着生于每一心皮的边缘，如黄瓜、紫花地丁、冬瓜。侧膜胎座的形成可能源于多个张开心皮的边缘彼此联合。顶生胎座顶生胎座(apical placentation)：胚珠着生于子房顶部而悬垂室中，如桑、胡萝卜。基生胎座与顶生胎座可能源于特立中央胎座的大部分消失，也可能源于侧膜胎座的大部分简化。基生胎座基生胎座(basal placentation)：胚珠着生于子房底部，菊科如向日葵。

在大创官网输入自己的参赛时使用的参赛号码，就可以查询获奖信息。请省级教育行政部门加强本区域大学生创新创业训练计划运行和管理，结合区域经济社会发展特点，深化大学生创新创业教育工作。请各高校充分发挥国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目实施和管理的主体地位，加强项目组织管理、落实相关激励政策、提供稳定支持服务、搭建展示交流平台。大创对于大学生考研、保研是比较重要的，表示学生本科期间有科研背景，可以加印象分。大创是大学生创新创业训练计划项目的简称，它通过实施国家级大学生创新创业训练计划，增强高校学生的创新能力和在创新基础上的创业能力，培养适应创新型国家建设需要的高水平创新人才。

因为truth是被说的，所以用被动用不定式则表示动作还没发生的吧如果是固定用法那thetruththatistold，难道就不对了吗所以我觉得用to表示动作未发生

证券业协会网站是“中国证券业协会”官网，中国证券业协会是依据《中华人民共和国证券法》和《社会团体登记管理条例》的有关规定设立的证券业自律性组织，属于非营利性社会团体法人，接受中国证监会和国家民政部的业务指导和监督管理。中国证券业协会的宗旨是在国家对证券业实行集中统一监督管理的前提下，进行证券业自律管理、发挥政府与证券行业间的桥梁和纽带作用、为会员服务，维护会员的合法权益、维持证券业的正当竞争秩序，促进证券市场的公开、公平、公正，推动证券市场的健康稳定发展。

网页链接见此链接里的5.8.1s表示对应的内容是字符串类型，可省略，即加上这个s或不加，只要对应的是字符串，输出的结果就是相同的，不知讲清楚了没

大学生创新创业项目一般由团委或者教务处负责管理，具体情况可咨询学校教务处。

答案a祈使句，向对话者发出命令、提出要求或建议，这种祈使句的主语you通常不表示出来，而是用动词原形开头。

1、在2015年未调整之前基金隶属于中国证券业协会2、调整之后，将基金划分出来了，现在叫中国证券投资基金业协会。

在赛事公告当中看，一般在报名结束后都会公布参赛人员，同时也会公布赛事时间、地址以及参赛顺序，所以登陆大创官网就可以了。