请问海运中Letter of Guarantee和Letter of Indemnity的区别

保函(Letter of Guarantee, L/G)又称保证书，是指银行、保险公司、担保公司或个人应申请人的请求，向第三方开立的一种书面信用担保凭证。 银行出具的保证通常称为保函，其他保证人出具的书面保证一般称为保证书。保证在申请人未能按双方协议履行其责任或义务时，由担保人代其履行一定金额、一定期限范围内的某种支付责任或经济赔偿责任。 保函即为保证书，为了方便，一般公司及银行都印有一定格式的保证书，其作用包括凭保函交付货物、凭保函签发清洁提单、凭保函倒签预借提单等。 在凭保函交付货物的情况下，收货人保证在收到提单后立即向船公司交回全套正本提单，承担应由收货人支付的运费及其他费用的责任，对因未提交提单而提取货物所产生的一切损失均承担责任，并表明对于保证内容由银行与收货人一起负连带责任。凭保函签发提单则使得托运人能以清洁提单、已装船提单顺利地结汇。关于保函的法律效力，海牙规则和维斯比规则都没有作出规定，考虑到保函在海运业务中的实际意义和保护无辜的第三方的需要，汉堡规则第一次就保函的效力问题作出了明确的规定，保函是承运人与托运人之间的协议，不得对抗第三方，承运人与托运人之间的保函，只是在无欺骗第三方意图时才有效；如发现有意欺骗第三方，则承运人在赔偿第三方时不得享受责任限制，且保函也无效。 中国投标保函网，全国首家建筑工程保函行业验证示范单位，提供各类工程建设领域投标保函，其中包括：投标保函、履约保函、预付款保函、建筑工程缺陷保险、建筑工程一切险及第三方一切险和建筑工程一切险。用户可以根据自己的的情况选择银行保函、保险公司保函或者担保公司保函，以此来降低自己在建筑工程领域招投标过程的资金压力，中国投标保函网是一家在线申请保函的服务平台。 网站链接：中国投标保函网（http://www.kingfound.net）

没有区别。不同区域不同国家不同公司的不同说法而已。

保函是指银行应某交易（贸易项下、合约关系、经济关系）的一方当事人之要求，而向交易的另一方担保该交易项下某种责任或义务的履行所做出的在一定期限内承担一定金额支付责任或经济赔偿责任的书面付款保证。保函的基本作用是保证申请人去履行某种合约义务，并在一旦出现相反情况时，负责对受益人做出赔偿；或旨在保证受益人在其履行了合约义务后将肯定能得到其所应得的合同价款的权力。保函是一种关于款项支付的信誉承诺，是一种货币支付保证书。保函种类主要有：预付款保函、投标保函、履约保函、质量保函、付款保函以及其它各种类型的保函。

保函（letter of Guarantee）是指银行作为担保人，应商业交易一方（申请人）的需求，以其自身的信誉向商业交易的另一方（受益人）为担保申请人的某种责任和义务的履行而作出的一种具有一定金额、期限、承担某种支付责任或经济赔偿可书面付款保证。银行保函主要用于合同履约、国际投标、工程承包、补偿贸易以及境外筹资等需要。银行可提供的保函业务分为融资性保函和非融资性保函两大类。1、融资性保函包括：融资担保、融资租赁担保、透支担保、延期付款担保等。2、非融资性保函包括：投标担保、履约担保、预付款担保、进口付款担保等

【答案】：保函。又称保证书。是指银行、保险公司或其他机构或个人应申请人的要求向受益人开出的担保申请人正常履行合同义务的书面凭证。

是出口美国那边都要的一种持续证明，你可google搜索一下，有样本，基本内容就是所供产品不得违反FDA法规，不得掺假什么的，声明一下，最后签字。有模板。

保函(Letter of Guarantee, L/G)在货代里涉及到的保函，其最大的作用就是船东应申请人要求，在规避掉自己的风险能给予的最大程度的满足其要求的一类文件。常见的是A电放保函，一种交给船公司用以电话相应提单的文件，需要正本保函+盖一级订舱代理公章B更改保函（其中包括改单保函，改港保函，罚金保函），一般有的船东要传真留底，有的需要正本C各类保证函，其中包括shipper，cnee，notify party的资料不详细，或者品名过于笼统，或者要在品名处添加转运条款等等，需要陈述给船东自己的货物是种什么情况的保证函，这些内容需要有的会拒绝申请，比如品名太笼统等等。D其他各类保函，其中包括罚金保函，出给船东说明自己承认这些费用的，铅封保函，更改铅封而需要出给船东的保函，弃货保函，提单已经换取DO单，需要目的港cnee交还DO的同时提供的对货权放弃的保函等。E其他各类情况说明，此种情况说明也被归类至保函的一种，用以陈述自己货物的情况，来保证于被申请方责任无关的一种保函形式，包括各种情况说明，退关说明，重箱出场，退关重报等等。 PS.各个船东有各个船东不同的操作规范，需要渐渐熟悉来完成，而且不同的船东在不同的起运港可能保函格式都不相同，需要跟订舱代理确认好，以免出现，保函打好，船东以格式不正确退回重复劳动。

letter of indemnity 英 [ˈletə ɔv ɪnˈdemnɪti:] 美 [ˈlɛtɚ ʌv ɪnˈdɛmnɪti] [释义] （外贸） 赔偿保证书; 全部释义>>保函也叫保证书（Letter of Guarantee）是指在国际贸易活动中银行、运输部门、进出口公司或其他机构或个人为满足某项业务需要向一方当事人担保某种责任或履行某种行为的书面保证。保函种类多、用途广。为了使用方便，船公司及银行等部门都有事先印制好的具有一定格式的保函，银行签发的保函都具有法律效力，运输中的保函的法律效力只在《汉堡规则》中有规定（保函是承、托双方的协议，不得对抗第三方，并且只在无欺骗第三方意图时才有效）。各种保函视适用的范围可能用中文制作，也可以英文出具，通常只提供正本一份。

可以的。与贷款、银行承兑汇票等工具的捆绑销售，通常情况下都是贷款要少些，保函金额可以多些。保函(LetterofGuarantee，L/G)又称保证书，是指银行、保险公司、担保公司或个人应申请人的请求，向第三方开立的一种书面信用担保凭证。银行出具的保证通常称为保函，其他保证人出具的书面保证一般称为保证书。

不是。保函应当由消费者所在的开户银行出具，不是由分行出具，保函（英文：LetterofGuarantee）指银行、保险公司、担保公司或担保人应申请人的请求，向受益人开立的一种书面信用担保凭证。

电放保函是什么？ 证明如果出问题有自己负责。 电放就是货主由于种种原因，如航期短，节省成本等，要求放弃正本提单，而是在船即将到港前以电子邮件、传真或电报方式，将提单副本发给收货人，收货人在目的港可以凭借提单副本和电放保函提货，这种情况下，出提单的船公司或货代都会要求放弃正本提单的货主出具保函，证明正本提单是货主自己放弃的，如果出现问题由货主自己负责，这个保函就是电放保函。 保函格式样本 电放保函 货主(SHIPPER) __________________________ 买主(CONSIGNEE) ___________________________ 船名航次 ___________________________ 提单号码 ___________________________ 装货港 ___________________________ 目的港 ___________________________ 兹我司装一批货经**海运公司承运，主要明细内容如上述，请准予采用电报放货处理，货物请将予上述目的港买方迳行提领，若由此发生纠纷，一切后果及责任归属，皆由我司负责承担，特此具结。 此致 **公司 1. 保函人 _______________ (出货人) 签章 _____年_____月______日 2. 立保函人________________ (货代) 签章 什么是电放保函? 电放就是货主要求放弃正本提单，收货人在目的港可以凭借提单副本提货，这种情况下，出提单的船公司或货代都会要求放弃正本提单的货主出具保涵，证明提单是货主自己放弃的，如果出现问题由货主自己负责，这个保涵就是电放保涵 电放保函是什么？谁能具体介绍下 电放就是货主由于种种原因，如航期短，节省成本等，要求放弃正本提单，而是在船即将到港前以电子邮件，传真或电报方式将提单副本发给收货人，收货人在目的港可以凭借提单副本和电放保函提货，这种情况下，出提单的船公司或货代都会要求放弃正本提单的货主出具保函，证明正本提单是货主自己放弃的，如果出现问题由货主自己负责，这个保函就是电放保函 电放保函如何写？ 主要要在保函上说明，船期，航班，开船日期和目的港，特别要注目收货人的信息和联系方式，并注明：特别保函，本公司承担责任等字样，表示电放提单给你啦，船公司则不负责你的货的接收问题啦，实际上，一般没有问题的，放心开保函吧 电放的保函怎么写？ 电放的保函怎么写？ 这个问题很好，记得2007年货代考试有这样一道题目。 首先，你最好问一下，你所出的那家船公司或者说货代公司有没有自己的格式，如果有，就根据他们的格式写。 如果没有就自己写，（严格一点的情况下，最好使用自己公司的抬头纸） 一般格式： 电放保函 我司从贵司出运到XX港的货， 提单号： 船名航次： ETD： 由于业务需要，请将此票货物电放， 由此产生的责任和后果由我司承担。 （盖章） “电放保函”用英文怎么说 电放保函 letter of guarantee更多释义>> [网络短语] 电放保函 Letter of Indemnity;letters of guarantee on electricity;Letter of guarantee 舱电放总保函 E-BOOKING LG 船务公司的电放保函是什么东西？ 船务公司的电放保函是货主由于种种原因，放弃正本提单，出提单的船公司或货代都会要求放弃正本提单的货主出具保函，这个保函就是电放保函。u200d 电放就是货主由于种种原因，如航期短，节省成本等，要求放弃正本提单，而是在船即将到港前以电子邮件、传真或电报方式，将提单副本发给收货人，收货人在目的港可以凭借提单副本和电放保函提货，这种情况下，出提单的船公司或货代都会要求放弃正本提单的货主出具保函，证明正本提单是货主自己放弃的，如果出现问题由货主自己负责，这个保函就是电放保函。 电放保函用英语怎么说 翻译如下 电放保函 Letter of Indemnity;Letter of guarantee都可以 例句 Are the guests asked me to sent the letter of guarantee to him. 现客人要求我发电放保函给他。 电放保函需要敲哪些章？ 你好楼主，下面是姚瑶的回答 所接触的电放保函是需要2个章的~！一个是SHIPPER的章，一个是货代的章~！不过也是看不同的船公司有不同的要求而已~！推荐你去实惠网sfyh 了解更多的外贸知识 所谓电放保函，是指发货人或托运人请求承运人，允许收货人凭副本提单提货而给承运人写得担保函，即发货人或托运人担保因为收货人凭副本提单提货后产生的一切后果，都由发货人或托运人自己承担。那么，这个保函当然是盖发货人或托运人的章。 电放保函要在发货人或托运人要求承运人放货时给承运人，否则承运人不会通知目的港的代理向收货人放货。 只要盖公章就行。电放流程和出正本的差不多都一样，主要是要提单确认的时候告诉货代是要出电放的，注意电放保函先不要急着给货代，等收起货款再给，因为你把保函给了货代就说明你已经同意电放，货代可以电放了。 做T/T的话，正常情况下，SHIPPER是要拿到正本提单的，收到全额汇款后把全套单据寄给客人，但如果客人汇款较晚又急需提货，会让你做提单电放，这样你就可以先把其他单据寄出，等收到货款后，安排电放。这样就不需要把正本提单寄给客人了。如果你已经拿到正本提单，那么就需要把正本寄回货代或者船公司，才可以做电放。 电放保函是SHIPPER给货代或者船公司的，担保如果由于XXXX提单电放而产生了问题，由SHIPPER负责。他们收到保函后，会做电放，当然，前提是你要把相关杂费付清。

分类: 教育/科学 >> 外语学习 解析: 电放就是货主要求放弃正本提单，收货人在目的港可以凭借提单副本提货，这种情况下，出提单的船公司或货代都会要求放弃正本提单的货主出具保涵，证明提单是货主自己放弃的，如果出现问题由货主自己负责，这个保涵就是电放保函 保函 letter of credit letter of guarantee

我想是保函面额的20%，也即保函面额（100万*10%=10万）的20%，即2万。否则：我只想开10万的保函，银行让我交30万，那谁还会去银行开保函呢？因为直接给客户交10万保证金比银行开保函还划算。

1、是独立于委托人与担保人之间的反担保或委托人与受益人之间的合同或投标条件之外的。2、是依据其规定的条件生效的，由担保人以保函中规定的任何单据为基础做出决定的。3、是不可撤销的。

保函(Letter of Guarantee, L/G)又称保证书，是指银行、保险公司、担保公司或个人应申请人的请求，向第三方开立的一种书面信用担保凭证。保证在申请人未能按双方协议履行起责任或义务时，由担保人代其履行一定金额、一定期限范围内的某种支付责任或经济赔偿责任。 保函即为保证书，为了方便，船公司及银行都印有一定格式的保证书。其作用包括凭保函交付货物、凭保函签发清洁提单、凭保函倒签预借提单等。对受益人的一种保护

这是要求你们出具银行保函，用来保证你们收到信用证后能够按时履约，如果违约则以这个保函赔付买方货物总值的5%。这种条款比较危险，如果你们的交易金额很大，买方有可能骗取你们的保函的保证金。

1、保函一般是按季收费的，具体费率要咨询经办行的2、把保函正本收回来，交给银行注销，就可以退保证金了3、应该是要在开立保函银行账户上有足够余额的

1.A letter of credit is a written undertaking (承诺，保证) issued by a bank given to the seller at the request and in accordance with the instructions of the buyer to effect payment at sight or at a determinable future time up to a stated sum of money and against stipulated (规定的) documents which are complied with(符合) the terms and condition of the credit.信用证:（LETTER OF CREDIT,简写为L/C）是银行应买方要求和指示向卖方开立的、在一定期限内凭规定的单据符合信用证条款，即期或在一个可以确定的将来日期，兑付一定金额的书面承诺。2.Remittance refers to a bank, at the request of its customer, transfer a certain sum of money to its oversea branch or correspondent bank instructing it to pay to a named person domiciled (定居的) in that country.国际汇兑：又称国外汇兑，指的是通过银行的汇兑来实现国与国之间债权债务的清偿和国际资金的转移。3.A letter of guarantee (L/G) is a written promise issued by a bank at the request of its customer, undertaking(承诺) to make payment to the beneficiary within the limits of a stated sum of money in the event of default (不履行责任) by the principal.A letter of guarantee (L/G) is a written promise by a bank at the request of its customer (the principal applicant), undertaking to payment to the beneficiary within the limits of a stated sum of money in the event of non-performance of the contractual obligations by the principal.银行保证函（banker"s letter of guarantee)，简写为L/G），又称银行保证书、银行保函、或简称保函，它是指银行应委托人的申请向受益人开立的一种书面凭证，保证申请人按规定履行合同，否则由银行负责偿付债款。4.Collection means an arrangement whereby the goods are shipped and the relevant bills of exchange are drawn on the buyer, and/or documents are sent to the seller"s bank with clear instruction through one of its correspondent banks located in domicile (住所)of the buyer.托收（Collection）是出口方委托本地银行根据其要求通过进口地银行向进口方提示单据，收取货款的结算方式。

可能是银行认为业务有风险，特别是无限连带责任，而不愿意承担。保函(Letter of Guarantee, L/G)又称保证书，是指银行、保险公司、担保公司或个人应申请人的请求，向第三方开立的一种书面信用担保凭证。银行出具的保证通常称为保函，其他保证人出具的书面保证一般称为保证书。保证在申请人未能按双方协议履行其责任或义务时，由担保人代其履行一定金额、一定期限范围内的某种支付责任或经济赔偿责任。 保函即为保证书，为了方便，一般公司及银行都印有一定格式的保证书，其作用包括凭保函交付货物、凭保函签发清洁提单、凭保函倒签预借提单等。

L/G = Letter of Guarantee 保证函LCL = Less than container 拼箱货MTD = multimodal transport document 多式联运单据M/T = Mail Transfer 信汇OCP = Overland common point 内陆公共点/陆上公共点运输S/O = shipping order 装货单CY = container yard 集装箱集散场CFS = container freight station 集装箱集散场COD = cash on delivery 货到付款CTO = Chief Technology officer 首席技术管类似总工程师CIC = China Insurance Clause 中国保险条款D/A = Debit advice 付款报单D/D = Demand draft,documentary draft 即期汇票,跟单汇票D/P = documents against payment 付款后交付单据T/R = Trust receipt 信托收FAQ = fair average quality 良好平均品质FIO = free in and out 装卸货船方均不负责GA = general average 共同海损ICC = International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会T/T = telegraphic transfer 电汇TCT = Time charter Trip 航次期租W/M = weight or measurement 重量或体积WPA = with particular average 水渍险B/N = bank note 银行纸币CCVO = Combined Certified of Value and OriginCISG = United Nations Convention on Contracts of International Sales of Goods 联合国国际货物销售合同公约SWIFT = Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommu-nication 全世界银行间金融电信学会

什么术语倒很少问起，一般他们问的都是外贸的流程和一些报关单据有哪些。这个上网搜一下就可以了，我不多说了。

预付款申请表工程名称： 致： （监理单位）我方已 工作，按施工合同的规定，建设单位应在 年 月 日前支付该项工程款共（大写） 小写（￥ 元），现报上工程预付款申请表，请予以审查并开具工程款预付证书。附件：1、建设工程施工合同承包单位（章）： 项目经理： 日 期： 年 月 日 审查意见：监理单位（章）： 监理工程师： 日 期： 年 月 日

Hellow

不一样。bank letter of financial guarantee是银行保函，是指银行、保险公司、担保公司或担保人应申请人的请求，向受益人开立的一种书面信用担保凭证，保证在申请人未能按双方协议履行其责任或义务时，由担保人代其履行一定金额、一定时限范围内的某种支付或经济赔偿责任。bank statement是银行对账单，指银行客观记录企业资金流转情况的记录单。

你说的太泛啦

顺汇是指资金从付款一方转移到收款一方，由付款方主动汇付的方式，是国际间通过银行进行资金转移的一种方式。付款方将资金交付当地银行，由当地银行通过与其具有业务关系的国际银行，将资金付给收款方。大多是银行的汇款业务。汇款有电汇、信汇和票汇三种。电汇是汇出行应汇款的申请，拍发加押电报或电传给在另一国家的分行或代理行，指示解付—定金额给收款人的一种汇款方式；信汇是汇出行应汇款人的申请，将信汇委托书寄给汇入行，授权解付一定金额给收款入的一种汇款方式；票汇是汇出行应汇款人的申请，代汇款人开立以其分行或代理行为付行的银行即期汇票，支付一定金额给收款人的一种汇款方式。 逆汇(adverse exchange)即托收方式，是指由收款人(债权人)出票，通过银行委托其国外分支行或代理行向付款人收取汇票上所列款项的一种支付方式。由于这种方式的资金流向与信用工具的传递方向相反，就称之为“逆汇”。 　　对外汇银行来说，在逆汇方式下，客户向银行卖出汇票，等于银行付出本币，买进外汇。外汇银行接受收款人的托收委托后，就应通知其国外分支行或代理行，按照当日汇率向付款人收取一定金额的外币并归入其开在国外银行的外汇账产上。其结果，该银行国内本币存款账户余额减少了，而在其外币存款账户上却增加了相应的外币金额。 [编辑本段]逆汇的特点 　　逆汇的特点是资金流向和结算支付工具的流向不相同。（如托收、信用证） [编辑本段]逆汇的形式 　　按照逆汇方式下的信用形式不同，分为 　　1、托收 　　托收是由债权人(出口商)主动向国外债务人(进口商)开立汇票[1]，并委托本地外汇银行通过其国外分行或代理行，向债务人收取款项的一种结算方式。 　　托收按有无附有货运单据，光票托收和跟单托收（付款交单Documents Against Payment，D/P)、承兑交单(Documents Against Acceptance，D/A)） 　　2、信用证方式 　　信用证的基本种类如下： 　　根据是否附有货运单据，可分为跟单信用证和光票信用证； 　　根据开证行对信用证所承担的责任，可分为可撤消信用证和不可撤消信用证； 　　根据信用证有无开证行以外的其他银行保兑，可分为保兑信用证和不保兑信用证； 　　根据受益人使用信用证的权力能否转让，可分为可转让信用证和不可转让信用证； 　　其他还有即期信用证和远期信用证、循环信用证、对开信用证和背对背信用证等。

随着电子时代的到来，电子招标也逐渐开始替代传统的招投标方式。电子招投标是以数据电文形式完成的招标投标活动。通俗地说，就是部分或者全部抛弃纸质文件，借助计算机和网络完成招标投标活动。公司企业的招投标活动实现完全的电子化。1、全程电子操作，彰显绿色交易招投标全程电子化，节约因制作标书等而浪费的大量纸张；提高了工作效率，节约了大量人工成本；无须车马劳顿，节省差旅费用；采用网上开标节约办公资源。2、信息公开透明，实现阳光运行招投标活动中涉及的所有环节均可在网上进行，交易各方均可登陆系统，实时了解掌握与其相关的各类公开信息，实现了招投标的阳光运行，避免了因信息不对称造成的暗箱操作。3、对政府的好处的首先，政府用电子招投标，政府采购放在了阳光下进行，国营国企私营私企都可参与。招标效率提高，招标投标成本下降。4、消除时空屏障 构建统一招投标市场招投标制度的一个重要目的就是建立公平竞争的市场秩序，通过投标人之间的充分竞争获得最佳经济效益，实现资源合理配置，构建统一开放、竞争有序的招投标市场。由于网络的开放性，电子招标平台在打破物理时空屏障的同时，增强了信息透明度，投标方能通过网络获取招标信息，参加招投标活动，提升了工作效率，降低了成本。电子招投标充分体现了公平、公开、公正的竞争原则，并在一定程度上遏制了各地方、各部门施行地方保护主义、行业垄断和行政干预行为的发生。5、减少寻租空间 营造阳光招投标环境电子招投标通过利用网络信息技术，将招投标环节电子化、数字化，从而实现资源共享，规范运作，使招投标交易行为实现了由分散、隐蔽、无序向集中、公开、规范的转变，避免了因信息不对称而产生寻租行为的可能。电子招投标以网络为载体进行平台化的业务操作，减少了灵活操作的空间，同时各类操作留有痕迹和日志，更有利于事后的监督检查和最大程度地实现阳光交易。6、文件模板规范，避免量体裁衣采用专用的标书制作模板，对“通用条款”进行固化，对“专用条款”凸显提示，使文件编制更加规范、统一，便于阅读、审查，同时也防止了招标人或代理机构设置倾向于“意中人”的条款，逃避监管，排斥潜在投标人，从而打破了招投标人之间的利益链。8、标书详细分析，锁定违规线索系统自动记录用户硬件特征码、工具软件、计价软件身份码等，将该信息和投标文件实施捆绑，评标时对这些不应该雷同的信息，进行识别比对和详细分析，可有效锁定违规线索。9、积累基础信息 建立招标资源信息库在传统的招投标活动中，招投标数据只能通过人工登记或再次录入的方式进行管理，不仅因重复劳动而浪费人力，而且会因为数据更新不同步，数据关联度差，造成业务和管理的脱节。电子招投标平台在业务流程中直接采集相关信息和数据，数据关联紧密，联动效应强。招投标过程的严谨性，确保了数据信息的准确可靠，通过一定时间的积累形成招投标资源信息库，有利于招标机构分析总结招标采购工作，提升业务管理水平，同时，为政府监管部门实时掌握行业发展现状和趋势，科学进行宏观经济决策提供有效的数据支持。10、投标信息保密，增加违规难度通过网上下载招标公告、网上投标报名、网上下载招标文件、网上答疑、网上支付等功能的应用，各节点办理情况通过手机短信平台实现快速反馈。这样，投标人信息在投标截止前处于高度保密状态，使意图围标串标者，因难以掌握彼此相关信息，而无从串通投标。11、随机抽取评委，促进评标公正采用计算机自动抽取、语音通知、评委异地远程评标，实现了评委抽取、评审过程的保密，整合了全省范围的评委资源，实现评委资源共享。因评委抽取的随机性与地域的不确定性，避免了人为因素对评委的影响，大大提高了评审结果的客观公正性。12、设置多轮检查，遏制定向废标在标书制作、上传、评审等多环节对标书内容的完整性、符合性、准确性进行全面校对和检验，防止评委带有意向评标，而选择定向废标，从而切断评委与某些投标人的利益关系。13、操作过程留痕，强化节点监控系统对招投标全过程进行完整记载，将所有资料完整留存，通过监控点的设置，对违规操作实时预警、及时纠正，方便了招投标监管部门、纪检部门对招投标活动的实时监控和后续检查，保证招投标监管适时准确、全面到位。同时，科学合理地固化相应办事流程，特别是对政府投资项目，可以规范办事程序，强化监督管理。14、人为因素降低，减少行贿行为推行全程电子化，使得评委、招标人、代理机构等人员对招标结果，人为因素影响大大降低，减少了投标企业行贿的冲动，降低当事人的腐败风险。15、违规成本加大，助推行业诚信网上招投标系统以企业诚信库为支撑，弄虚作假企业，一经确认，将列入黑名单库，并上网公示，系统将对其信息通道自动关闭，在以后投标活动中无法获得网上报名资格，这样，无疑加大了投标企业的违规成本，使得投标企业更加珍爱投标信用记录；通过投标单位对建设单位的信息反馈，有效遏制建设单位工程款的恶意拖欠，有助提高建设单位的诚信建设；完善评委评价体系，有利监督评委的专业能力和职业操守。

pkq_kitty全是机器答题，千万不要用。这么重要的东西还是找可靠的人翻译吧

1.银行保函保证金（1）是指针对银行保证函所支付的保证金。（2）银行保证函（banker"sletterofguarantee)，简写为l/g），又称银行保证书、银行保函、或简称保函，它是指银行应委托人的申请向受益人开立的一种书面凭证，保证申请人按规定履行合同，否则由银行负责偿付债款。2.银行保函业务是指银行应客户的申请而开立的有担保性质的书面承诺文件，一旦申请人未按其与受益人签订的合同的约定偿还债务或履行约定义务时，由银行履行担保责任。

英文信封书信格式1、信头（Heading)指发信人的姓名（单位名称）、地址和日期，一般写在信纸的右上角。一般公函或商业信函的信纸上都印有单位或公司的名称、地址、电话号码等，因此就只需在信头下面的右边写上写信日期就可以了。英文地址的写法与中文完全不同，地址的名称按从小到大的．顺序：第一行写门牌号码和街名；第二行写县、市、省、州、邮编、国名；然后再写日期。标点符号一般在每一行的末尾都不用，但在每一行的之间，该用的还要用，例如在写日期的时候。日期的写法，如1997年7月30日，英文为：July 30，1997(最为普遍）；July 30th，1997;30th July，1997等。1997不可写成97。2、信内地址（Inside Address)在一般的社交信中，信内收信人的地址通常省略，但是在公务信函中不能。将收信人的姓名、地址等写在信头日期下方的左角上，要求与对信头的要求一样，不必再写日期。3、称呼（Salutation)是写信人对收信人的称呼用语。位置在信内地址下方一、二行的地方，从该行的顶格写起，在称呼后面一般用逗号（英国式），也可以用冒号（美国式）。（1)写给亲人、亲戚和关系密切的朋友时，用Dear或My dear再加上表示亲属关系的称呼或直称其名（这里指名字，不是姓氏）。例如：My dear father，Dear Tom等。（2)写给公务上的信函用Dear Madam，Dear Sir或Gentleman(Gentlemen)。注意：Dear纯属公务上往来的客气形式。Gentlemen总是以复数形式出现，前不加Dear，是Dear Sir的复数形式。（3)写给收信人的信，也可用头衔、职位、职称、学位等再加姓氏或姓氏和名字。例如：Dear Prof. Tim Scales, Dear Dr.John Smith。4、正文（Body of the Letter)位置在下面称呼语隔一行，是信的核心部分。因此要求正文层次分明、简单易懂。和中文信不同的是，正文中一般不用Hello!(你好！）正文有缩进式和齐头式两种。每段书信第一行的第一个字母稍微向右缩进些，通常以五个字母为宜，每段第二行从左面顶格写起，这就是缩进式。但美国人写信各段落往往不用缩进式，用齐头式，即每一行都从左面顶格写起。商务信件大都采用齐头式的写法。5、结束语（Complimentary Close)在正文下面的一、二行处，从信纸的中间偏右处开始，第一个词开头要大写，句末用逗号。不同的对象，结束语的写法也不同。（1)写给家人、亲戚，用Your loving grandfather，Lovingly yours，Lovingly等；（2)写给熟人、朋友，用Yours cordially，Yours affectionately等；（3)写业务信函用Truely yours(Yours truely)，Faithfully yours(Yours faithfully)等；（4)对上级、长辈用Yours obediently(Obediently yours)，Yours respectfully(Respectfully yours)等。6、署名（Signature)低于结束语一至二行，从信纸中间偏右的地方开始，在结束语的正下方，在签完名字的下面还要有用打字机打出的名字，以便识别。职务、职称可打在名字的下面。例如：Dear Sir/Madam:Please consider me for your Sales Management Program. My background is one of selling ideas, concepts and programs, and of motivating myself and others to realize our potential.Attitudes predict behavior - or so goes the saying in sales. If this holds true, I am sure to be as successful in sales management as I am in my college endeavors. My unceasing optimism, self-determination and ability to set goals have allowed me to achieve academic and personal objectives.Because of my can do attitude, sales will provide the challenge and opportunity to continue my successful history of setting and achieving goals. Please allow me the opportunity to elaborate on how my background predicts sales success. I guarantee you"ll be providing your corporation with an outstanding sales management . Thank you for your attention.Sincerely,Deng Yun亲爱的先生／女士：请考虑我加入你们的销售管理计划。我的背景是推销想法、概念和项目，并激励自己和他人实现我们的潜力。态度决定行为——或者销售行业的俗语是这样说的。如果这是真的，我一定会在销售管理方面像我在大学里一样成功。我不断的乐观，自主和设定目标的能力让我实现了学术和个人目标。因为我能做的态度，销售将提供挑战和机会，继续我设定和实现目标的成功历史。请允许我详细说明一下我的背景是如何预测销售成功的。我保证你们会为贵公司提供出色的销售管理。谢谢大家。真诚地，邓云

外贸英语邮件建议全套 交易的第一步 1. 向顾客推销商品 Dear Sir: May 1, 2001 Inquiries regarding our new product, the Deer Mountain Bike, have been coming in from all parts of the world. Reports from users confirm what we knew before it was put on the market - that it is the best mountain bike available. Enclosed is our brochure. Yours faithfully 2. 提出询价 Dear Sir: Jun.1, 2001 We received your promotional letter and brochure today. We believe that your would do well here in the U.S.A. Kindly send us further details of your prices and terms of sale. We ask you to make every effort to quote at competitive prices in order to secure our business. We look forward to hearing from you soon.. Truly 3. 迅速提供报价 Dear Sir: June 4, 2001 Thank you for your inquiry of June the 1st concerning the Deer Mountain Bike. It gives us great pleasure to send along the technical information on the model together with the catalog and price list. After studying the prices and terms of trade, you will understand why we are working to capacity to meet the demand. We look forward to the opportunity of being of service of you. 交易的契机 4. 如何讨价还价 Dear Sir: June 8, 2001 We have received your price lists and have studied it carefully. However, the price level in your quotation is too high for this market, If you are prepared to grant us a discount of 10% for a quantity of 200, we would agree to your offer. You should note that some price cut will justify itself by an increase in business. We hope to hear from you soon. Yours truly 5-1 同意进口商的还价 Dear Sirs: June 12, 2001 Thank you for your letter of June the 8th. We have accepted your offer on the terms suggested. Enclosed our will find a special price list that we believe will meet your ideas of prices. You should note that the recent advances in raw materials have affected the cost of this product unfavorably. However, for your order we have kept our prices down. Sincerely 5-2 拒绝进口商的还价 Dear Sirs: June 12, 2001 Thank you for your letter of June the 8th. We regret that we cannot meet your terms. We must point out that the falling market here leaves us little or no margin of profit. We must ask you for a keener price in respect to future orders. At present the best discount offered for a quantity of 200 is 5%. Our current situation leaves us little room to bargain. We hope you will reconsider the offer. Truly 6. 正式提出订单 Dear Sir: June 15, 2001 We have discussed your offer of 5% and accept it on the terms quoted. We are prepared to give your product a trial, provided you can guarantee delivery on or before the 20th of September. The enclosed order is given strictly on this condition. We reserve the right of refusal of delivery and/or cancellation of the order after this date. Truly 7. 确认订单 Dear Sir: June 20, 2001 Thank you very much for your order of June 15 for 200 Deer Mountain Bikes. We will make every possible effort to speed up delivery. We will advise you of the date of dispatch. We are at your service at all times. Sincerely 8. 请求开立 信用证 Gentlemen: June 18, 2001 Thank you for your order No. 599. In order to execute it, please open an irrevocable L/C for the amount of US$ 50,000 in our favor. This account shall be available until Sep. 20. Upon arrival of the L/C we will pack and ship the order as requested. Sincerely 9. 通知 已开立 信用证 Dear Sir: June 24, 2001 Thank you for your letter of June 18 enclosing details of your terms. According to your request for opening an irrevocable L/C, we have instructed the Beijing City Commercial Bank to open a credit for US$ 50,000 in your favor, valid until Sep. 20. Please advise us by fax when the order has been executed. Sincerely 10. 请求信用证延期 Dear Sir： Sep. 1, 2001 We are sorry to report that in spite of our effort, we are unable to guarantee shipment by the agreed date due to a strike at our factory. We are afraid that your L/C will be expire before shipment. Therefore, please explain our situation to your customers and secure their consent to extend the L/C to Sept.30. Sincerely 11. 同意更改信用证 Gentlemen: Sept. 5, 2001 We received your letter today and have informed our customers of your situation. As requested, we have instructed the Beijing City Commercial Bank to extend the L/C up to and including September 30. Please keep us abreast of any new development. Sincerely 外贸 英语学习 资料：怎样用英语报价 1. 文体介绍 报盘(offer)，也叫报价，是卖方主动向买方提供商品信息，或者是对询盘的答复，是卖方根据卖方的来信，向买方报盘，其内容可包括商品名称、规格、数量、包装条件、价格、付款方式和交货期限等。报盘有两种： 虚盘(non-firm offers), 即无约束力的报盘。一般情况下，多数报盘均为虚盘，虚盘不规定报盘的有效日期，并且附有保留条件，如：The offer is subject to our final confirmation/prior sale. 该报盘已我方最后确认为准/是否事先售出为准。 实盘(firm offers)则规定有效日期，而且卖盘一旦被接受，报盘人就不能撤回。 2.实用范例 Subject: Offers主题：报盘 Dear Sir,This is to confirm your E-mail of 2 July, 2002, asking us to make your firm offers for rice and soybeans C&F Singapore. We E-mail you this morning offering you 300 metric tons of polished rice at A$2400 per metric ton, C&F Singapore, for shipment during August/September 2002. 　　This offer is firm, subject to the receipt of your reply before 16 July 2002. Please note that we have quoted our most favourable price and are unable to entertain any counter offer. With regard to soybeans, we advise you that the few lots we have at present are under offer. If, however, you were to make us a suitable offer, there is possibility of our supplying them. As you know, of late it has been a heavy demand for these commodities and this has resulted in increased prices. You may, however, take advantage of the strengthening market if you send an immediate reply. 亲爱的先生：2002年7月2日有关查询大米和大豆新加坡到岸价的电子邮件也收悉。今日上午电子邮件报价：精白米300公吨，每公吨成本加运费新加坡到岸价为2400澳元。于2002年8或9月装运。以上实价需由贵公司于2002年7月16日前回复确实。该报价为惠价，恕不能还价。本公司与客户正洽售一批大豆，若贵公司愿意报以适当买价， 本公司乐意出售。近来该类产品需求量大，令价格上涨。请贵公司把握机会，尽早落实订单为盼。 3.典型句型 (1)As requested, we are offering you the following subject to our final confirmation:根据要求，现我方就如下货物向贵方报盘，以我方最后确认为准： (2)As recently the goods are in extremely short supply, we regret being unable to offer.因近期货源紧张，很抱歉不能报盘。 (3)It"s a pleasure for us to offer you the goods as follows:非常荣幸地向你方报盘如下： (4)Referring to your E-mail dated July 10 in which you inquired for shirts, we have pleasure in giving you an offer as follows:关于贵方7月10日对衬衫的询盘，现报盘如下： (5)We will keep in mind your requirement for shirts and shall contact you once it is available.我方会留心你方对衬衫的要求，一旦有货，将立即同你方联系。 (6)We regret being unable to quote on FOB basis, as it is our general practice to do business with all our clients on CIF terms.很遗憾，我方不能以船上交货报价，因为按照惯例我方与客户做生意通常报到岸价。 外贸英语对话：外贸礼节常用语 久仰 I"ve heard so much about you. 好久不见了 Long time no see. 辛苦了 You"ve had a long day.You"ve had a long flight. 尊敬的朋友们 distinguished/Honorable/Respected friends 阁下(多用于称呼大使) Your Excel lency 我代表广州市政府欢迎各位朋友访问北京. On behalf of the Guangzhou Municipal government, I wish to extend our warm welcome to the friends who have come to visit Beijing. 对您的大力协助，我谨代表广州市政府表示衷心的感谢。 On behalf of the Guangzhou Municipal government, I wish to express our heartfelt thanks to you for your gracious assistance. 在广州过得怎么样? How are you making out in Guangzhou? 我一定向他转达您的问候和邀请. I"ll surely remember you and your invitation to him. 欢迎美商来广州投资. American businessmen are welcome to make investment in Guangzhou. 欢迎多提宝贵意见. Your valuable advice is most welcome. 不虚此行 It"s a rewarding trip. 您的日程很紧,我们的会见是否就到此为止. As you have a tight schedule, I will not take up more of your time. 请代我问候...先生 please remember me to Mr. 感谢光临 Thank you so much for coming. 欢迎再来 Hope you"ll come again. 欢迎以后多来广州 Hope you"ll visit Guangzhou more often. 请留步,不用送了. I will see myself out, please. 多保重 Take care. 祝您一路平安. Have a nice trip. 愿为您效劳。 At your service. 为…举行宴会/宴请 host a dinner/banquet/luncheon in honor of … 欢迎宴会 welcome dinner 便宴 informal dinner 午宴(附有情况介绍或专题演讲等内容) luncheon 便餐 light meal 工作午餐 workin g luncheon 自助餐 buffet dinner/luncheon 答谢宴会 return dinner 告别宴会 farewell dinner 庆功宴 glee feast 招待会 reception 庆祝中华人民共和国成立四十五周年招待会 Reception Celebrating the 45th Anniversary of the Founding of the People"s Republic of China 鸡尾酒会 cocktail party 茶话会 tea party 包餐/点餐 table d"hote/a la carte 上菜 serve a courst 您的位置在这里 Here is your seat. 请入席 Please have a seat. 欢聚一堂 enjoy this happy get-together 请随便 Please yourself at home./Please enjoy yourself. 请各位随意用餐 Help yourself please. 您喝点什么? what would you like to drink? 现在我提议，为了…和…之间的合作，为了…参议员的健康，干杯! At this point, I propose a toast: to the cooperation between … and … , to the health of Senator…, cheers! 最后，我借主人的酒，提议为…干杯! Lastly, taking up this glass of fine wine, I propose a toast to … 请各位举杯并同我一起为所有在座的朋友们的健康干杯! I"d ask you to raise your glass and join me in a toast ot the health of all our friends present here. 敬您一杯。 Here"s to you. 祝你健康 To your health. 我要为此干杯 I"ll drink to that! 随量 Whatever you like. 我失陪一会儿 Excuse me for a minute. 菜不好，请多多包涵 Hope you enjoy yourself. 女士们先生们，欢迎各位光临，演出很快就要开始了，请尽快就坐。 Ladies and gentlemen, good evening. The concert/show would start soon. Please get yourself seated. Thank you. 招待会现在开始。 The reception will now begin. 全体起立，奏国歌。 All rise please. For the P.R.C.National Anthem. 出席今天招待会的贵宾有 The distinguished guests paarticipating the reception are 现在请…讲话 I have the honour to call upon… 开幕式现在结束。 This concludes the opening ceremony. 隆重庆祝 grand celebration 庆祝成立…一周年 celebrating the 1st Anniversary of the Establishment of … 热烈祝贺第一届…锦标赛 Hail the first FIFA of … 值此节日之际致以节日的祝贺 On the occasion of the season, I would like to extend season"s greetings. 祝您工作顺利、事业成功、身体健康、家庭幸福! Wish you the very best of luck in your job, every successin your future endeavours, good health and a happy family! 衷心祝贺您当选… Hearty congratulations on your recent ecletion as … 举行会议/研讨会/大会/座谈会/学术 报告 会 hold a meeting/seminar/conference/forum/symposium 赞助人/主办人/承办人/协办人 patron/sponsor/organizer/co-organizer 举行谈判 enter into negotiation 交涉 make representations with sb. on sth./deal with sb. 事物性会谈 talks at working level 对口会谈 counterpart talks 议程项目 items on the agenda 主题 theme 议题 topic for discussion 双方商定的议程 schedule mutually agreed upon 开幕会议 opening session 全体会议 plenary session 开场白 introduction 情况介绍 presentation 小组讨论 panel discussion 同有关单位磋商 hold consultations with the organizations concerned 一轮会谈 one round of talks 决议 resolution 谅解备忘录 memorandum of understanding 现在开会 I de clare the meeting open. 请…发言 I invite the representative of …to take the floor. 下面我给各位简要介绍一下广州的经济情况 Nnow I would like to give you a brief overview of Guangzhou"s economy. 我的介绍完了，谢谢。 That"s all for my presentation.thank you. 我先说这么多。 So much for my remarks for now. 我要说的就是这些。 That"s all for what I want to say. 您看是先谈原则问题呢，还是先谈具体问题? I wonder if you would like to start with matters of principle or specific issues? 让我先谈一个问题。 If you agree,(With your permission)let me start with one issue 在谈那个问题之前我想对您刚才讲的话谈点看法。 Before we trun to that issue, I wish to make a few comments/remarks on your presentation. 您对此事怎么看呢? I wish to benefit from your views on this matter./ What is your view on this matter?/ How do you see this matter? 我提议休会十分钟。 I propose a ten-minute break. 我想接着刚才的问题讲下去。 I will pick up where we left off just now. 对不起，我插一句。 Sorry for the interruption but 当然可以。 By all means 怎么都行。 Whatever you say. 我没有异议。 I have no objection 我方对这个问题有异议。 We take exception to this question. 我们高兴地看到 We note with pleasure that 这个日期贵方觉得合适吗? I wonder if this date wuld be suitable for you? 不知你们上午谈的怎样? I wonder how the meeting went this morning? 我方很希望贵方能尽早给予肯定的答复。 We would greatlyl appreciate it if you could give us your favourable and prompt commitment as soonas possible. 请你们务必在8月1日前提出 意向书 。 You are kindly requested to submit the letter of intent on the date no later than 1st August. 纠缠这个问题 entangle this issue 提倡节约 advocate/uphold thriftiness 为了国家的繁荣 for the sake of national property 经受了时间考验的友谊给我留下了很深的印象。 The time-tested friendship leave me a deep impression. 密切注视 Keep close watch on 促进密切合作 spur/promote intensive cooperation... 外贸英语邮件建议全套相关 文章 ： ★ 外贸英语邮件格式范文 ★ 外贸英语邮件范文 ★ 外贸英文邮件范文 ★ 外贸英语函电书信范例(四) ★ 英语翻译邮件范文邀请朋友 ★ 英文外贸邮件范文 ★ 常用英语商务邮件范文 ★ 给老板写英语邮件的七个技巧 ★ 外贸邮件范文及翻译 ★ 英语邮件范文大全

Dear Executive Director, (不肯定...)We are delighted to receive, on the 10th of April, your inquiry concerning the price of our products. As per your request, please see the enclosed catalog and price list. Also included are samples of our products, which we hope, upon your inspection, that you agree our products are of impressive quality and reasonable price.For purchases over 1,000 units （罗 是什麽...?)， we are happy to offer you a 2% discount. We very much prefer that the payment be made with a letter of credit. （我不肯定喔 这麼专业的用语...)The durability and softness of our bedsheets and pillow cases and their attractive price induces a high demand for our products but we always try our best to satisfy our clients" (customers" 会不会好一点？） needs. We guarantee immediate packaging and transportation if we receive orders from you by the end of this month.We await your swift reply.With sincerity,.......（有错请见谅喔)

能用电脑打字出来，我可以给你翻译。嘻嘻

货物进口合同Purchase Contract 合同编号(Contract No.) :＿＿＿_＿＿＿＿ 签订日期(Date) :＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿__ 签订地点(Signed at) :＿＿＿＿＿＿＿____ 买方：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ The Buyer:＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 地址： ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ Address: ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 电话(Tel):___＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 传真(Fax):＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 电子邮箱(E-mail):＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 卖方：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ The Seller:＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 地址：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ Address: ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿_＿ 电话(Tel):_＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 传真(Fax):＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 电子邮箱(E-mail):＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 买卖双方同意按照下列条款签订本合同： The Seller and the Buyer agree to conclude this Contract subject to the terms and conditions stated below: 1.货物名称、规格和质量（Name, Specifications and Quality of Commodity）： 2. 数量（Quantity）： 允许＿＿＿＿的溢短装（＿＿＿% more or less allowed） 3. 单价（Unit Price）： 4. 总值（Total Amount）： 5. 交货条件(Terms of Delivery) FOB/CFR/CIF＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 6. 原产地国与制造商 (Country of Origin and Manufacturers): 7. 包装及标准（Packing）： 货物应具有防潮、防锈蚀、防震并适合于远洋运输的包装，由于货物包装不良而造成的货物残损、灭失应由卖方负责。卖方应在每个包装箱上用不褪色的颜色标明尺码、包装箱号码、毛重、净重及“此端向上”、“防潮”、“小心轻放”等标记。 The packing of the goods shall be preventive from dampness, rust, moisture, erosion and shock, and shall be suitable for ocean transportation/ multiple transportation. The Seller shall be liable for any damage and loss of the goods attributable to the inadequate or improper packing. The measurement, gross weight, net weight and the cautions such as "Do not stack up side down", "Keep away from moisture", "Handle with care" shall be stenciled on the surface of each package with fadeless pigment. 8. 唛头（Shipping Marks）： 9. 装运期限（Time of Shipment）： 10. 装运口岸（Port of Loading）： 11. 目的口岸（Port of Destination）： 12. 保险（Insurance）： 由＿＿＿＿按发票金额110%投保＿＿＿＿＿险和＿＿＿＿＿附加险。 Insurance shall be covered by the ________ for 110% of the invoice value against _______ Risks and __________ Additional Risks. 13. 付款条件（Terms of Payment）： (1) 信用证方式：买方应在装运期前/合同生效后＿＿日，开出以卖方为受益人的不可撤销的议付信用证，信用证在装船完毕后＿＿日内到期。 Letter of Credit: The Buyer shall, ______ days prior to the time of shipment /after this Contract comes into effect, open an irrevocable Letter of Credit in favor of the Seller. The Letter of Credit shall expire ____ days after the completion of loading of the shipment as stipulated. (2) 付款交单：货物发运后，卖方出具以买方为付款人的付款跟单汇票，按即期付款交单（D/P）方式，通过卖方银行及＿＿＿＿＿银行向买方转交单证，换取货物。 Documents against payment: After shipment, the Seller shall draw a sight bill of exchange on the Buyer and deliver the documents through Sellers bank and ______ Bank to the Buyer against payment, i.e D/P. The Buyer shall effect the payment immediately upon the first presentation of the bill(s) of exchange. (3) 承兑交单：货物发运后，卖方出具以买方为付款人的付款跟单汇票，付款期限为＿＿＿＿后＿＿日，按即期承兑交单(D/A＿＿日)方式，通过卖方银行及＿＿＿＿＿＿银行，经买方承兑后，向买方转交单证，买方在汇票期限到期时支付货款。 Documents against Acceptance: After shipment, the Seller shall draw a sight bill of exchange, payable_____ days after the Buyers delivers the document through Sellers,ank and _________Bank to the Buyer against acceptance (D/A___ days). The Buyer shall make the payment on date of the bill of exchange. (4) 货到付款：买方在收到货物后＿＿天内将全部货款支付卖方（不适用于 FOB、CRF、CIF术语）。 Cash on delivery (COD): The Buyer shall pay to the Seller total amount within ______ days after the receipt of the goods (This clause is not applied to the Terms of FOB, CFR, CIF). 14. 单据（Documents Required）： 卖方应将下列单据提交银行议付/托收： The Seller shall present the following documents required to the bank for negotiation/collection: (1) 标明通知收货人/受货代理人的全套清洁的、已装船的、空白抬头、空白背书并注明运费已付/到付的海运/联运/陆运提单。 Full set of clean on board Ocean/Combined Transportation/Land Bills of Lading and blank endorsed marked freight prepaid/ to collect; (2) 标有合同编号、信用证号（信用证支付条件下）及装运唛头的商业发票一式＿＿份； Signed commercial invoice in ______copies indicating Contract No., L/C No. (Terms of L/C) and shipping marks; (3) 由＿＿＿＿＿＿出具的装箱或重量单一式＿＿份； Packing list/weight memo in ______ copies issued by＿＿； (4) 由＿＿＿＿＿＿出具的质量证明书一式＿＿份； Certificate of Quality in _______ copies issued by＿＿＿＿； (5) 由＿＿＿＿＿＿出具的数量证明书一式＿＿份； Certificate of Quantity in ___ copies issued by＿＿＿＿； (6) 保险单正本一式＿＿份(CIF 交货条件)； Insurance policy/certificate in ___ copies (Terms of CIF)； (7)＿＿＿＿签发的产地证一式＿＿份； Certificate of Origin in ___ copies issued by＿＿＿＿； (8) 装运通知(Shipping advice): 卖方应在交运后_____ 小时内以特快专递方式邮寄给买方上述第＿＿项单据副本一式一套。 The Seller shall, within ____ hours after shipment effected, send by courier each copy of the above-mentioned documents No. ＿＿. 15. 装运条款（Terms of Shipment）： (1) FOB交货方式 卖方应在合同规定的装运日期前30天，以＿＿＿＿方式通知买方合同号、品名、数量、金额、包装件、毛重、尺码及装运港可装日期，以便买方安排租船/订舱。装运船只按期到达装运港后，如卖方不能按时装船，发生的空船费或滞期费由卖方负担。在货物越过船弦并脱离吊钩以前一切费用和风险由卖方负担。 The Seller shall, 30 days before the shipment date specified in the Contract, advise the Buyer by _______ of the Contract No., commodity, quantity, amount, packages, gross weight, measurement, and the date of shipment in order that the Buyer can charter a vessel/book shipping space. In the event of the Seller"s failure to effect loading when the vessel arrives duly at the loading port, all expenses including dead freight and/or demurrage charges thus incurred shall be for the Seller"s account. (2) CIF或CFR交货方式 卖方须按时在装运期限内将货物由装运港装船至目的港。在CFR术语下，卖方应在装船前2天以＿＿＿＿方式通知买方合同号、品名、发票价值及开船日期，以便买方安排保险。 The Seller shall ship the goods duly within the shipping duration from the port of loading to the port of destination. Under CFR terms, the Seller shall advise the Buyer by _________ of the Contract No., commodity, invoice value and the date of dispatch two days before the shipment for the Buyer to arrange insurance in time. 16. 装运通知（Shipping Advice）： 一俟装载完毕，卖方应在＿＿小时内以＿＿＿＿方式通知买方合同编号、品名、已发运数量、发票总金额、毛重、船名/车/机号及启程日期等。 The Seller shall, immediately upon the completion of the loading of the goods, advise the Buyer of the Contract No., names of commodity, loading quantity, invoice values, gross weight, name of vessel and shipment date by_________ within________hours. 17. 质量保证（Quality Guarantee）： 货物品质规格必须符合本合同及质量保证书之规定，品质保证期为货到目的港＿＿个月内。在保证期限内，因制造厂商在设计制造过程中的缺陷造成的货物损害应由卖方负责赔偿。 The Seller shall guarantee that the commodity must be in conformity with the quatity, specifications and quantity specified in this Contract and Letter of Quality Guarantee. The guarantee period shall be______months after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination, and during the period the Seller shall be responsible for the damage due to the defects in designing and manufacturing of the manufacturer. 18. 检验（Inspection）（以下两项任选一项）： （1）卖方须在装运前＿＿日委托＿＿＿＿＿＿检验机构对本合同之货物进行检验并出具检验证书，货到目的港后，由买方委托＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿检验机构进 行检验。 The Seller shall have the goods inspected by ______ days before the shipment and have the Inspection Certificate issued by____. The Buyer may have the goods reinspected by ________ after the goods,rrival at the destination. (2) 发货前，制造厂应对货物的质量、规格、性能和数量/重量作精密全面 的检验，出具检验证明书，并说明检验的技术数据和结论。货到目的港后，买方将申请中国商品检验局(以下简称商检局)对货物的规格和数量/重量进行检验，如发现货物残损或规格、数量与合同规定不符，除保险公司或轮船公司的责任外，买方得在货物到达目的港后＿＿日内凭商检局出具的检验证书向卖方索赔或拒收该货。在保证期内，如货物由于设计或制造上的缺陷而发生损坏或品质和性能与合同规定不符时，买方将委托中国商检局进行检验。 The manufacturers shall, before delivery, make a precise and comprehensive inspection of the goods with regard to its quality, specifications, performance and quantity/weight, and issue inspection certificates certifying the technical data and conclusion of the inspection. After arrival of the goods at the port of destination, the Buyer shall apply to China Commodity Inspection Bureau (hereinafter referred to as CCIB) for a further inspection as to the specifications and quantity/weight of the goods. If damages of the goods are found, or the specifications and/or quantity are not in conformity with the stipulations in this Contract, except when the responsibilities lies with Insurance Company or Shipping Company, the Buyer shall, within _____ days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination, claim against the Seller, or reject the goods according to the inspection certificate issued by CCIB. In case of damage of the goods incurred due to the design or manufacture defects and/or in case the quality and performance are not in conformity with the Contract, the Buyer shall, during the guarantee period, request CCIB to make a survey. 19. 索赔（Claim）： 买方凭其委托的检验机构出具的检验证明书向卖方提出索赔（包括换货），由此引起的全部费用应由卖方负担。若卖方收到上述索赔后______天未予答复，则认为卖方已接受买方索赔。 The buyer shall make a claim against the Seller (including replacement of the goods) by the further inspection certificate and all the expenses incurred therefrom shall be borne by the Seller. The claims mentioned above shall be regarded as being accepted if the Seller fail to reply within ______days after the Seller received the Buyer"s claim. 20. 迟交货与罚款（Late delivery and Penalty）: 除合同第21条不可抗力原因外，如卖方不能按合同规定的时间交货，买方应同意在卖方支付罚款的条件下延期交货。罚款可由议付银行在议付货款时扣除，罚款率按每＿＿天收＿＿%，不足＿＿天时以＿＿天计算。但罚款不得超过迟交 货物总价的____ %。如卖方延期交货超过合同规定＿＿天时，买方有权撤销合同，此时，卖方仍应不迟延地按上述规定向买方支付罚款。 买方有权对因此遭受的其它损失向卖方提出索赔。 Should the Seller fail to make delivery on time as stipulated in the Contract, with the exception of Force Majeure causes specified in Clause 21 of this Contract, the Buyer shall agree to postpone the delivery on the condition that the Seller agree to pay a penalty which shall be deducted by the paying bank from the payment under negotiation. The rate of penalty is charged at______% for every ______ days, odd days less than _____days should be counted as ______ days. But the penalty, however, shall not exceed_______% of the total value of the goods involved in the delayed delivery. In case the Seller fail to make delivery ______ days later than the time of shipment stipulated in the Contract, the Buyer shall have the right to cancel the Contract and the Seller, in spite of the cancellation, shall nevertheless pay the aforesaid penalty to the Buyer without delay. The buyer shall have the right to lodge a claim against the Seller for the losses sustained if any. 21. 不可抗力（Force Majeure）： 凡在制造或装船运输过程中，因不可抗力致使卖方不能或推迟交货时，卖方不负责任。在发生上述情况时，卖方应立即通知买方，并在＿＿天内，给买方特快专递一份由当地民间商会签发的事故证明书。在此情况下，卖方仍有责任采取一切必要措施加快交货。如事故延续＿＿天以上，买方有权撤销合同。 The Seller shall not be responsible for the delay of shipment or non-delivery of the goods due to Force Majeure, which might occur during the process of manufacturing or in the course of loading or transit. The Seller shall advise the Buyer immediately of the occurrence mentioned above and within_____ days thereafter the Seller shall send a notice by courier to the Buyer for their acceptance of a certificate of the accident issued by the local chamber of commerce under whose jurisdiction the accident occurs as evidence thereof. Under such circumstances the Seller, however, are still under the obligation to take all necessary measures to hasten the delivery of the goods. In case the accident lasts for more than _____ days the Buyer shall have the right to cancel the Contract. 22. 争议的解决 (Arbitration): 凡因本合同引起的或与本合同有关的任何争议应协商解决。若协商不成，应提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会深圳分会，按照申请时该会当时施行的仲裁规则进行仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方均有约束力。 Any dispute arising from or in connection with the Contract shall be settled through friendly negotiation. In case no settlement is reached, the dispute shall be submitted to China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC),Shenzhen Commission, for arbitration in accordance with its rules in effect at the time of applying for arbitration. The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties. 23. 通知（Notices): 所有通知用＿＿＿＿文写成，并按照如下地址用传真/电子邮件/快件送达给各方。如果地址有变更，一方应在变更后＿＿日内书面通知另一方。 All notice shall be written in _____ and served to both parties by fax/courier according to the following addresses. If any changes of the addresses occur, one party shall inform the other party of the change of address within ____days after the change. 24.本合同使用的FOB、CFR、CIF术语系根据国际商会《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》。 The terms FOB、CFR、CIF in the Contract are based on INCOTERMS 2000 of the International Chamber of Commerce. 25. 附加条款 (Additional clause)： 本合同上述条款与本附加条款抵触时，以本附加条款为准。 Conflicts between Contract clause hereabove and this additional clause, if any, it is subject to this additional clause. 26. 本合同用中英文两种文字写成，两种文字具有同等效力。本合同共＿＿份，自双方代表签字（盖章）之日起生效。 This Contract is executed in two counterparts each in Chinese and English, each of which shall deemed equally authentic. This Contract is in ______ copies, effective since being signed/sealed by both parties. 买方代表（签字）：________________________ Representative of the Buyer (Authorized signature):___________________ 卖方代表（签字）：_________________________ Representative of the Seller (Authorized signature):____________________

一般用于履约的保函多数是由卖方出具的。保函(Letter of Guarantee, L/G)又称保证书，是指银行、保险公司、担保公司或个人应申请人的请求，向第三方开立的一种书面信用担保凭证。保证在申请人未能按双方协议履行其责任或义务时，由担保人代其履行一定金额、一定期限范围内的某种支付责任或经济赔偿责任。

延期付款

同一系统的银行间可转开，比如从某个市的建行转开到另一个市的建行

保修：根据合同书面要求 楼宇机电等设备的保养期限，一般为两年。保函(Letter of Guarantee, L/G)：又称保证书，是指银行、保险公司、担保公司或个人应申请人的请求，向第三方开立的一种书面信用担保凭证。保证在申请人未能按双方协议履行起责任或义务时，由担保人代其履行一定金额、一定期限范围内的某种支付责任或经济赔偿责任。

托收（Collecting） 是出口人在货物装运后，开具以进口方为付款人的汇款人的汇票（随附或不随付货运单据），委托出口地银行通过它在进口地的分行或代理行代进口人收取货款一种结算方式。属于商业信用，采用的是逆汇法。保函(Letter of Guarantee, L/G)又称保证书，是指银行、保险公司、担保公司或个人应申请人的请求，向第三方开立的一种书面信用担保凭证。保证在申请人未能按双方协议履行起责任或义务时，由担保人代其履行一定金额、一定期限范围内的某种支付责任或经济赔偿责任。

letter of indemnity（外贸）赔偿保证书; [英][ˈletə ɔv ɪnˈdemnɪti:][美][ˈlɛtɚ ʌv ɪnˈdɛmnɪti]保函也叫保证书（Letter of Guarantee）是指在国际贸易活动中银行、运输部门、进出口公司或其他机构或个人为满足某项业务需要向一方当事人担保某种责任或履行某种行为的书面保证。保函种类多、用途广。为了使用方便，船公司及银行等部门都有事先印制好的具有一定格式的保函，银行签发的保函都具有法律效力，运输中的保函的法律效力只在《汉堡规则》中有规定（保函是承、托双方的协议，不得对抗第三方，并且只在无欺骗第三方意图时才有效）。各种保函视适用的范围可能用中文制作，也可以英文出具，通常只提供正本一份。

　　1.A letter of credit is a written undertaking （承诺，保证） issued by a bank given to the seller at the request and in accordance with the instructions of the buyer to effect payment at sight or at a determinable future time up to a stated sum of money and against stipulated （规定的） documents which are complied with（符合） the terms and condition of the credit.　　信用证：（LETTER OF CREDIT，简写为L/C）是银行应买方要求和指示向卖方开立的、在一定期限内凭规定的单据符合信用证条款，即期或在一个可以确定的将来日期，兑付一定金额的书面承诺。　　2.Remittance refers to a bank， at the request of its customer， transfer a certain sum of money to its oversea branch or correspondent bank instructing it to pay to a named person domiciled （定居的） in that country.　　国际汇兑：又称国外汇兑，指的是通过银行的汇兑来实现国与国之间债权债务的清偿和国际资金的转移。　　3.A letter of guarantee （L/G） is a written promise issued by a bank at the request of its customer， undertaking（承诺） to make payment to the beneficiary within the limits of a stated sum of money in the event of default （不履行责任） by the principal.　　A letter of guarantee （L/G） is a written promise by a bank at the request of its customer （the principal applicant）， undertaking to payment to the beneficiary within the limits of a stated sum of money in the event of non-performance of the contractual obligations by the principal.　　银行保证函（banker""s letter of guarantee），简写为L/G），又称银行保证书、银行保函、或简称保函，它是指银行应委托人的申请向受益人开立的一种书面凭证，保证申请人按规定履行合同，否则由银行负责偿付债款。　　4.Collection means an arrangement whereby the goods are shipped and the relevant bills of exchange are drawn on the buyer， and/or documents are sent to the seller"s bank with clear instruction through one of its correspondent banks located in domicile （住所）of the buyer.　　托收（Collection）是出口方委托本地银行根据其要求通过进口地银行向进口方提示单据，收取货款的结算方式。　　5.Factoring is the purchase of claims， arising from sales of goods， by a specialized company known as factoring company or factor， who offers primary financial services such as export trade finance（出口贸易融资）， maintenance of sales ledger（销售账务处理）， collection of receivables（收取应收账款） and protection for buyer"s credit（买方信用担保）.　　Factoring refers to the purchase of claim by a financial institution from a business entity who has sold goods or provided services abroad to his trade debtor whereby the factor purchases his client""s account receivables， normally without recourses， controls the credit extended to importer and administers his client""s bookkeeping and collection.　　保理是指出口商以商业信用形式出卖商品，在货物装船后立即将发票、汇票、提单等有关单据卖断给经营保理业务的财务公司或专门组织，收进全部或部分货款，从而取得资金融通的业务。保理业务是一项集贸易融资、商业资信调查、应收帐款管理及信用风险担保于一体的新兴综合性金融服务。　　6.Forfeiting is a business in which the banks or their subsidiaries discount（贴现） medium-term promissory notes or drafts related to an international trade transaction without recourse（无追索权）. The promissory note or draft is accepted by the importer and guaranteed by an importer"s bank ensuring the holder thereof that the importer will pay it at maturity （到期）.　　福费庭业务又称包买票据，系指包买商从出口商那里无追索地购买已经承兑的，并通常由进口商所在地银行担保的远期汇票或本票的业务。

The buyer suggested D/A as the terms of payment， but the seller was unwilling to make any exception. 　　买方建议用承兑交单作为付款方式，但卖方不愿例外。 　　We can"t agree to draw at 30 days D/A.我们不同意开具30天期的承兑交单汇票。 　　So it"s better for us to adopt D/P or D/A.因此，是采用付款交单方式或承兑交单方式。 　　I suppose D/P or D/A should be adopted as the mode of payment this time. 　　我建议这次用付款交单或承兑交单方式来付款。 　　It would help me greatly if you would accept D/A or D/P. 　　如果您能接受D/P或D/A付款，那可帮了我们大忙。 　　Could you make an exception and accept D/A or D/P？ 　　您能否来个例外，接受D/A或D/P付款方式？ 　　We insist on a letter of credit.我们坚持用信用证方式付款。 　　As I"ve said， we require payment by L/C.我已经说过了，我们要求以信用证付款。 　　We still intend to use letter of credit as the term of payment. 　　我们仍然想用信用证付款方式。 　　We always require L/C for our exports.我们出口一向要求以信用证付款。 　　L/C at sight is normal for our exports to France.我们向法国出口一般使用即期信用证付款。 　　We pay by L/C for our imports.进口我们也采用信用证汇款。 　　Our terms of payment is confirmed and irrevocable letter of credit. 　　我们的付款条件是保兑的不可撤消的信用证。 　　You must be aware that an irrevocable L/C gives the exporter the additional protection of banker"s guarantee. 　　你必须意识到不可撤消信用证为出口商提供了银行担保。 　　Is the wording of “confirmed” necessary for the letter of credit？信用证上还用写明“保兑”字样吗？ 　　For payment we require 100% value， irrevocable L/C in our favour with partial shipment allowed clause available by draft at sight. 　　我们要求用不可撤消的、允许分批装运、金额为全部货款、并以我方为抬头人的信用证，凭即期汇票支付。 　　What do you say to 50% by L/C and the balance by D/P？ 　　百分之五十用信用证，其余的用付款交单，您看怎么样？ 　　Please notify us of L/C number by telex immediately.请立即电传通知我方信用证号码。 　　The beneficiary of the L/C is to be China National Corporation， Beijing. 　　信用证的受益人为中国工艺品进出口公司北京分公司。 　　Will you please increase the credit to $1000？能不能把信用证金额增至1000美元？ 　　The credit is short opened to the amount of RMB100.信用证的金额少开了人民币100元。 　　Your L/C No. 48 is short of $29.你方第48号信用证少开了29美元。 　　Many banks in Europe are in a position to open L/C and effect payment in Renminbi. 　　欧洲的许多银行能够开立信用证，而且用人民币支付。 　　I open a letter of credit in Renminbi with a bank in U.S.A. 　　我在美国的一家银行开立了人民币信用证。 　　The Barclays Bank in London is in a position to open letters of credit in Renminbi against our sales confirmation or contract. 　　伦敦巴克莱银行可以凭我们的销售确认书或合同开立人民币信用证。 　　When do I have to open the letter of credit？顺便问一句，您几时开立信用证呢？ 　　When can you arrange for a credit under the new import license？ 　　按照新的进口许可证规定，你方什么时候能开出一张信用证？ 　　Please open letter of credit in good time.请及时开出信用证。 　　We"ll open the letter of credit at sight.我们会按时开证的。 　　I agree to use letter of credit at sight.我同意用即期信用证付款。 　　Is the credit at sight or after sight？信用证是即期的还是远期的？ 　　Our letter of credit will be opened early March.我们在3月初开出信用证。 　　We"ll open the credit one month before shipment.我们在装船前1个月开立信用证。 　　Please open the L/C 20 to 30 days before the date of delivery.请在交货前20到30天开出信用证。 　　This letter of credit expires on 15th July.这张信用证7月15日到期。 　　The validity of the L/C will be extended to 30th August.信用证的有效期将延至8月30日。 　　Will you persuade your customer to arrange for a one-month extension of L/C No.TD204？ 　　你们能不能劝说客户将TD204号信用证延期一个月？ 　　To do so， you could save bank charges for opening an L/C.这样做，你们可以省去开证费用。 　　It"s expensive to open an L/C because we need to put a deposit in the bank. 　　开证得交押金，因此花费较大。 　　We pay too much for such a letter of credit arrangement.这种信用证付款方式让我们花费太大了。 　　There will be bank charges in connection with the credit.开立信用证还要缴纳银行手续费。 　　A letter of credit would increase the cost of my import.信用证会增加我们进口货物的成本。 　　The seller will request to amend the letter of credit.卖方要修改信用证。 　　Please amend L/C No.205 as follows.请按下述意见修改第205号信用证。 　　Your refusal to amend the L/C is equivalent to cancellation of the order. 　　你们拒绝修改信用证就等于取消订单。 　　Payment is to be effected （made） before the end of this month.这个月末以前应该付款。 　　It"s convenient to make payment in pound sterling.用英镑付款较方便。 　　Now， as regards payment， we"ve agreed to use U.S. Dollar， am I right？ 　　至于付款，我们已同意用美元，对吗？ 　　We may have some difficulties making payment in Japanese yen.用日元付款可能会有困难。 　　I"ve never made payment in Renminbi before.我从未用过人民币付款。 　　We can"t accept payment on deferred terms.我们不能接受延期付款。 　　What"s your reason for the refusal of payment？你们拒付的理由是什么？ 　　Collection is not paid.托收款未得照付。 　　We don"t think you"ll refuse to pay.我们相信你们不会拒付。 　　Nly one refusal of payment is acceptable to the bank.银行只接受一次拒付。 　　You ought to pay us the bank interest once payment is wrongly refused. 　　如果拒付错了，你们应该偿付我方的银行利息。 　　We"ll not pay until shipping documents for the goods have reached us. 　　见不到货物装船单据，我们不付款。 　　We"re worrying that a decline in prices might lead to refusal of payment. 　　我们担心市场价格下跌会引起拒付。 　　Of course payment might be refused if anything goes wrong with the documents. 　　如果单据有问题，当然可以提出拒付。 　　The equipment will be paid in installments with the commodities produced by our factory. 　　设备以我们工厂生产的产品分期偿还。 　　Now we have settled the terms of payment.现在我们已经谈妥了付款条件。 　　Shall we have a talk about terms of payment today？我们今天谈谈付款条件怎么样？ 　　What is the mode of payment you wish to employ？您希望用什么方式付款？ 　　This is the normal terms of payment in international business.这是国际贸易中惯用的付款方式。 　　We can"t accept any other terms of payment.我们不能接受其他的付款条件。 　　If you can"t be more flexible， we won"t accept your terms of payment. 　　如果你们不能灵活些，我们将不接受此种付款方式。 　　Please protect our draft on presentation.请见票即付。 　　Your draft will be honoured on presentation.你方的汇票见票即付。 　　The draft was discounted in New York.汇票已经在纽约贴现。 　　Our draft No.36 was dishonoured.我们的第三十六号汇票被拒付了。 　　The draft has not been collected.汇票之款尚未收进。 　　We"ll be unable to meet these draft.我们无力兑付这些汇票。 　　We"ve drawn a clean draft on you for the value of this sample shipment. 　　我们已经开出光票向你方索取这批货的价款。 　　We"ve drawn on you for payment of the invoice amounting to $20，000. 　　我们已经按照发票金额20，000美元向你方开出了汇票。 　　The draft has been handed to the bank on clean collection.汇票已经交银行按光票托收。 　　You can draw on me just as if there were a letter of credit. 　　您就当作有信用证一样，向我开汇票托收。 　　We"re sending our draft through Bank of China for documentary collection. 　　我们将汇票交中国银行按跟单托收。 　　We"ll draw on you by our documentary draft at sight on collection basis. 　　我们将按托收方式向你方开出即期跟单汇票。 　　We"ll draw a sight bill in favour of the Export Bank Singapore. 　　我们要开立一张以新加坡出口银行为收款人的即期汇票。 　　We"ve already remitted the amount by cheque.我们已经将款以支票汇出。 　　We enclose a cheque for RMB200.我们附上人民币200元的支票一张。 　　We regret we can"t accept payment “cash against document”。很抱歉，我们不能接受凭单付款办法。 　　We"ll agree to change the terms of payment from L/C at sight to D/P at sight. 　　我们同意将即期信用证付款方式改为即期付款交单。 　　We accept D/P payment for future dealings.以后的交易我们以付款交单方式支付。 　　We can do the business on 60 days D/P basis.我们可以按60天付款交单的方式进行交易。 　　We agree to draw at 30 days D/P.我们同意开立30天期的付款交单汇票。 　　We"ll draw D/P against your purchase.我们按付款交单方式收你方这批货款。 　　As a special sign of encouragement， we"ll consider accepting payment by D/P at this sales-purchasing stage. 　　在此推销阶段，我们将考虑接受付款交单方式以资鼓励。 　　We regret we can"t accept “Cash against Documents” on arrival of goods at destination. 　　很抱歉，我们不能同意“货抵目的地付款交单”方式付款。

1。付款条件：以保兑的，可撤销的，可分割的，可转让的，不允许分批装运，无追索权的信用证以卖方为受益人的信用证，应打开7个银行工作日内，买方在合同签署后。2。装运：货物须在45天内从卖方收到买方信用证日期。在买方船只未能到达加载事件，那么卖方有权按本协议的规定，要求损害赔偿，损失不超过3%的买方的信用证金额。在这方面，买方，应向卖方提供银行保证。3。性能保证：卖方应将3%的存款或银行保证买方在14个工作日内，买方在收到信用证。如果卖方未能履行合同，履约保证金将被没收买方。

英译汉： 1。请务必附上提货单、海上保险证明书作为装运单据的汇票,你画。 2。仲裁条款不阻止任何一方请求临时或音乐学院的措施 3。你方的价格是不足够的竞争力,这里的市场上,我们希望你能注意到一些价格的削减将会证明自己的生意 4。我们确认你的订单每s.s讯。“东风”为您港口启航9月15。 5。你需要的旧设计已经卖完了。我们打算向你提供我们的新设计作为一种替代,质量好,将提供最优惠的价格。 6。我方销售确认书号码HA178副本已附上你. 请签回一份存档。 7。我们想知道你是否可以按我们的要求,即每个桌布放在纸袋里,5件不同的颜色来一个盒子。 8。在我们先前的字母作为通知你方这批货物是在极低,我们的客户都不肯提货。 9。我们是一家国营公司,在中国纺织品出口业务,接受命令对客户的特殊要求。 10。请解释我们的情况,你的顾客,试图让他们同意延长有效期到11月底。汉译英：1. Payment by seller"s bank acceptable to the good reputation of confirmed irrevocable l/c2 for the excellent quality, reasonable price, the area of goods that there will be a steady demand.3 because from Shanghai to your port, we have direct ship to the textiles transshipment at Hong Kong.4. As long as it is within the scope of coverage, insurance company shall be responsible for compensation.5. Due to recent energy shortages and rising raw material costs, we may have been unable to maintain the current price level.compositionRespect of Mr. :Very pleased to hear from your letter of August 10 permanent Forever (about) the inquiry brand bicycles.This reply, we reported three cars yongjiu brand price CIF New York 60,00 dollars for each car, the offer before the end of this month we receive your reply. Prices quoted for excluding commissions of the net price. If your order is more than 500, we will give a 2% discount.Yongjiu brand its superior quality and reasonable price, all over the world to sell very well. We suggest you place as soon as possible so that we can guarantee the availability timely delivery arrangements.XXX xx.

以下信用证内容源自华利陶瓷厂与一塞浦路斯客户所开立并顺利支付的信用证TO:BANK OF CYPRUS LTDLETTERS OF CREDIT DEPARTMENTNTCOSIA COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS CENTERINTERNATIONAL DIVISION************TEL:******FAX:******TELEX:2451 & 4933 KYPRIA CYSWIFT:BCYPCY2NDATE:23 MARCH 2005APPLICATION FOR THE ISSUANCE OF A LETTER OF CREDITSWIFT MT700 SENT TO:MT700转送至STANDARD CHARTERD BANKUNIT 1-8 52/F SHUN NIND SQUAREO1 WANG COMMERCIAL CENTRE,SHEN NANROAD EAST,SHENZHEN 518008 - CHINA渣打银行深圳分行深南东路5002号信兴广场地王商业大厦52楼1-8单元电 话： 82461688 :27: SEQUENCE OF TOTAL序列号 1/1 指只有一张电文:40A: FORM OF DOCUMENTARY CREDIT跟单信用证形式 IRREVOCABLE 不可撤消的信用证 :20:DOCUMENTARY CREDIT NUMBER信用证号码00143-01-0053557:31C: DATE OF ISSUE开证日如果这项没有填，则开证日期为电文的发送日期。:31D:DATE AND PLACE OF EXPIRY信用证有效期050622 IN CHINA 050622在中国到期:50: APPLICANT 信用证开证审请人******* NICOSIA 较对应同发票上是一致的:59: BENEFICIARY 受益人CHAOZHOU HUALI CERAMICS FACTORYFENGYI INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT, GUXIANG TOWN, CHAOZHOU CITY,GUANGDONG PROVINCE,CHINA.潮州华利陶瓷洁具厂:32B: CURRENCY CODE,AMOUNT 信用证项下的金额USD***7841,89:41D:AVAILABLE WITH....BY.... 议付适用银行STANDARD CHARTERED BANKCHINA AND/OR AS BELOW 渣打银行或以下的BY NEGOTIATION 任何议付行:42C:DRAFTS AT 开汇票SIGHT 即期:42A:DRAWEE 付款人BCYPCY2NO10BANK OF CYPRUS LTD 塞浦路斯的银行名:43P:PARTIAL SHIPMENTS 是否允许分批装运NOT ALLOWED 不可以:43T:TRANSHIPMENT转运ALLOWED允许:44A:LOADING ON BOARD/DISPATCH/TAKING IN CHARGE AT/FROM...装船港口SHENZHEN PORT深圳:44B:FOR TRANSPORTATION TO 目的港LIMASSOL PORT发票中无提及:44C: LATEST DATE OF SHIPMENT最后装船期050601:045A:DESCRIPTION OF GOODS AND/OR SERVICES 货物/服务描述SANITARY WARE 陶瓷洁具F O B SHENZHEN PORT,INCOTERMS 2000 fob深圳港，INCOMTERMS 2000:046A:DOCUMENTS REQUIRED 须提供的单据文件*FULL SET (AT LEAST THREE) ORIGINAL CLEAN SHIPPED ON BOARD BILLSOF LADING ISSUED TO THE ORDER OF BANK OF CYPRUS PUBLIC COMPANYLTD,CYPRUS,NOTIFY PARTIES APPLICANT AND OURSELVES,SHOWING全套清洁已装船提单原件(至少三份)，作成以“塞浦路斯股份有限公司”为抬头，通知开证人和我们自己，注明*FREIGHT PAYABLE AT DESTINATION AND BEARING THE NUMBER OF THISCREDIT.运费在目的港付注明该信用证号码*PACKING LIST IN 3 COPIES.装箱单一式三份*CERTIFICATE ISSUED BY THE SHIPPING COMPANY/CARRIER OR THEIRAGENT STATING THE B/L NO(S) AND THE VESSEL(S) NAME CERTIFYING THAT THE CARRYING VESSEL(S) IS/ARE: A) HOLDING A VALID SAFETYMANAGEMENT SYSTEM CERTIFICATE AS PER TERMS OF INTERNATIONALSAFETY MANAGEMENT CODE ANDB) CLASSIFIED AS PER INSTITUTE CLASSIFICATION CLAUSE 01/01/2001BY AN APPROPRIATE CLASSIFICATION SOCIETY由船公司或代理出有注明B/L号和船名的证明书证明他们的船是: A)持有根据国际安全管理条款编码的有效安全管理系统证书; 和B)由相关分级协会根据2001年1月1日颁布的ICC条款分类的.*COMMERCIAL INVOICE FOR USD11,202,70 IN 4 COPIES DULY SIGNED BYTHE BENEFICIARY/IES, STATING THAT THE GOODS SHIPPED:A)ARE OF CHINESE ORIGIN.B)ARE IN ACCORDANCE WITH BENEFICIARIES PROFORMA INVOICE NO.HL050307 DATED 07/03/05.由受益人签署的商业发票总额USD11,202,70一式四份，声明货物运输：A)原产地为中国B)同号码为HL050307 开立日为 07/03/05的商业发票内容一致:047A: ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS附加条件* THE NUMBER AND DATE OF THE CREDIT AND THE NAME OF OUR BANK MUSTBE QUOTED ON ALL DRAFTS (IF REQUIRED).信用证号码及日期和我们的银行名必须体现在所有单据上(如果有要求)*TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS TO BE CLAUSED: "VESSEL IS NOT SCHEDULED TOCALL ON ITS CURPENT VOYAGE AT FAMAGUSTA,KYRENTA OR KARAVOSTASSI,CYPRUS.+运输单据注明" 船在其航行途中不得到塞***的Famagusta, Kyrenta or Karavostassi这些地方*INSURANCE WILL BE COVERED BY THE APPLICANTS.保险由申请人支付*ALL DOCUMENTS TO BE ISSUED IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE.所有单据由英文缮制*NEGOTIATION/PAYMENT:UNDER RESERVE/GUARANTEE STRICTLY 保结押汇或是银行保函PROHIBITED. 禁止*DISCREPANCY FEES USD80, FOR EACH SET OF DISCREPANT DOCUMENTSPRESENTED UNDER THIS CREDIT,WHETHER ACCEPTED OR NOT,PLUS OUR CHARGES FOR EACH MESSAGE CONCERNING REJECTION AND/OR ACCEPTANCEMUST BE BORNE BY BENEFICIARIES THEMSELVES AND DEDUCTED FROM THE AMOUNT PAYABLE TO THEM.修改每个单据不符点费用将扣除80美元(最多40)*IN THE EVENT OF DISCREPANT DOCUMENTS ARE PRESENTED TO US ANDREJECTED,WE MAY RELEASE THE DOCUMENTS AND EFFECT SETTLEMENT UPONAPPLICANT"S WAIVER OF SUCH DISCREPANCIES,NOTWITHSTANDING ANYCOMMUNICATION WITH THE PRESENTER THAT WE ARE HOLDING DOCUMENTS ATITS DISPOSAL,UNLESS ANY PRIOR INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CONTRARY ARERECEIVED.如果不符点是由我方提出并被拒绝，我们将视为受益人放弃修改这个不符点的权利。是说你如果提交了有不符点的单据并且被银行拒付的话，如果客人接受这些不符点，银行在没有收到你们的指示之前有权把单据REALSE给客人*TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS BEARING A DATE PRIOR TO THE L/C DATE ARE NOTACCEPTABLE.早于开证前的运输文件不接受*DIFFERENCE OF USD3363.81(T.E.30 PERCENT OF INVOICE VALUE)BETWEEN L/C AMOUNT AND INVOICES AMOUNT REPRESENTS AMOUNT PAID BYAPPLICANTS DIRECT TO BENEFICIARIES OUTSIDE THE L/C TERMS WITHOUTANY RESPONSIBILITY ON OURSELVES AND TO BE SHOWN ON INVOICES ASSUCH. L/C跟发票上USD3363.81的差额(30%发票额)由申请人直接用L/C以外的方式直接给予受益人:71B: CHARGESBANK CHARGES OUTSIDE CYPRUSINCLUDING THOSE OF THE REIMBURSINGBANK ARE FOR BEN. A/C. 在塞浦路斯以外银行产生的费用包括支付行的费用由信用证收益人负担，:48: PERIOD FOR PRESENTATION 单据提交期限DOCUMENTS MUST BE PRESENTED WITHIN21 DAYS AFTER B/LADING DATE,BUTWITHIN THE VALIDITY OF THE CREDIT.在信用证有效期内，最迟装运期后21天内，向银行提交单据:49:CONFIRMATION INSTRUCTIONS保兑指示WITHOUT 不保兑:53A: REIMBURSING BANK偿付行BCYPGB2LBANK OF CYPRUS UKINTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT,87/93 CHASE SIDE,SOUTHGATE N14 5BULONDON - UNITED KINGDOM.:78: INSTRUCTIONS TO THE PAY/ACCEP/NEG BANK 议付行NEGO OF DOCS THRU BANK OF CHINA LIMITED CHINA IS ALLOWED.PLEASE可通过中国银行议付，请DEDUCT RROM YOUR PAYMENT TO BENEFICIARIES THE AMOUNT OF USD15,00 (是15还是1500，请指明)于受益人的帐户中扣去USD15,00REPRESENTING RECORDING FEES. NEGOTIATION BANK TO OBTAIN作为记录费。REIMBURSEMENT FROM OUR ACCOUNT WITH REIMBURSING BANK 3 BUSINESSDAYS FOLLOWING THEIR AUTHENTICATED TELEX/SWIFT ADVICE TO US,STATING A) OUR CREDIT NUMBER, B)AMOUNT CLAIMED, C) VALUE OFDOCUMENTS D)SHIPMENT/DISPATCH DATE AND E)THAT DOCS ARE IN STRICTCOMPLIANCE WITH CREDIT TERMS. ON EXECUTION FORWARD TO US,BANK OFCYPRUS PUBLIC COMAPNY LTD,NICOSIA COMMERCIAL OPER. CENTERINTERN. DIV., 10 KYRIACOS MATSI AV. 1082 AY. OMOLOYITES,NIGOSIA,CYPRUS,ALL DOCS IN ONE LOT BY COURIER SERVICE AT BENEFICIARIESEXPENSE.所有单据应由偿付行于三个工作日内通过快件形式发给我们，费用由受益人承担。:72: SENDER TO RECEIVER INFORMATION 附言CREDIT IS SUBJECT TO U.C.P. 1993 本信用证根据跟单信用证统一惯例UCP500（1993 年版）开出I.C.C PUBL. NO.500. SUBJECT TO URRICC 525.COLLECT YOUR CHARGES FROMBENE.PLEASE ACKN.RECEIPT.CUMSTOMER"S APPROVAL.

给你提供一个模板，作为参考：不随行父母同意函我们一致同意我们的孩子XXX（护照号码：XXX）参加XXX年XX月赴XXX的活动，所有费用由我们支付。在他（她）入境XXX期间，我们将委托XXX代为照顾我们的孩子。我们保证他（她）将按时回国。Parental Letter of ConsentWe agree that our child XXX (Passport No. XXX) will take part in a tour to XXX in XX (month) XXXX (year). We will be responsible for all his/her expenses and entrust our child to the care of XXX during his/her tour. We guarantee he/she will return to China as scheduled.父亲签名 Father: 姓名拼音（大写）：联系电话 Phone:母亲签名 Mother: 姓名拼音（大写）：联系电话 Phone:

　　在海运运输中，承运人经常遇到这样的麻烦事，收货人无法提交正本提单而要求提货。 　　本来凭正本提单放货是天经地义的事。提单不仅是承运人签发的表示已接管货物的收据（RECEIPT OF CARGO），而且是所载货物的物权凭证（DOCUMENT OF TITLE）。这清楚地表示，即使货物已不在承运人占有或控制之下，提单持有人仍可向承运人或实际占有人无条件地主张对货物的所有权。 　　因此，收货人不能提交正本提单，承运人就不应将货交出。但这个简单的道理在实际操作过程中却未必行得通。有些船东遇到过地方上权势很大的货主，他可以指示港口当局延误船只靠泊，或者给承运人制造种种麻烦，甚至可以不通过承运人代理换取提货单，就直接从港区提走货物。如果是自行提货，那倒另当别论；而延误了船只靠泊，会令承运人感到头疼，绝大多数承运人显然不愿花费很大精力去诉诸此类官司，同时也不愿仅因一票货物而影响整船货，及至影响准班率，这关系到承运人的信誉。更多的情况，担心失去货源的船公司多半不敢开罪于货主，尤其是一些大货主，这在“货主市场”环境中表现得更为突出。 　　另一方面，无正本提单放货的风险对船东来说同样是巨大的。当今海运和贸易界，形形色色的诈骗活动令人眼花缭乱。承运人一旦上当，即会出现严重的后果：真正的提单持有人出现了，证明他才是货物的拥有者，并向承运人提出货物交付，而承运人自然是无货可交。于是提单持有人禀报法院，要求扣押船舶作为货物赔偿之保证——船东便陷入极大的困境。更要命的是，承运人在未收回正本提单的情况下就擅自交货于人所造成的损失完全要由船东承担，保险公司和船东互保协会不会受理，并且无正本提单放货在各国法律中均被视为根本违约或侵权，承运人对此类官司毫无胜算。 　　收货人无法提交正本提单的原因，通常有以下几种情况：（1）因提单邮寄延误而出现提单到达时间迟于船舶到港时间的情况，此类情况尤其多发生在装、卸货港间距较短的短途运输。（2）提单遗失或被窃。（3）当船舶到港时，作为押汇的跟单票据的提单已到达进口地银行，只是因为汇票兑现期限的关系，收货人暂时还拿不到提单，因而造成船舶虽已到港，而收货人尚未收到提单的局面。 　　针对以上不同的情况，承运人可相对地采取以下做法： 　　第一，应发货人要求放货。发货人在提单延误的情况下，通过装港代理给船公司发电，请求放货给收货人。这种“电放”的做法在实际操作中很普遍，发货人的放货请求也为许多承运人所接受。 　　但是，按受并不意味着可行，一旦发生问题，真正的收货人只会向承运人提起诉讼，而承运人并不能以收货人的请求免除自己的责任。所以，承运人在接受发货的放货请求时，一定要采取相当慎重的态度。 　　建议承运人只有在以下两种情况下才能接受发货人的放货请求：（1）承运人已经收到装港代理收齐全套正本提单的确认书的情况下——没有正本提单在外界流传，船东就不会有无提单放货的危险。（2）发货人或者收货人是承运人真正了解和可以信任的长期老客户，并且提单是记名提单——提单不可转让，也就意味着只有收货人才对货物有所有权。 　　第二，凭租家提单放货。此种情况下，租家（或称“二船东”）在承运人的提单上以发货人的名义出现。但实际操作过程中，真正流通并在银行结汇中发生作用的都是租家自己承运人名义签发的租家提单。通常的做法是，收货人凭租家提单到租家在卸货港的代理处换取承运人提单，用以向真正的承运人换取提货单（DELIVERY ORDER）。当然，如果租家在卸货港没有代理，他也可以在收齐全套正本船东提单的前提下，请求承运人凭正本的租家提单放货给收货人。 　　需要注意的是，即使使用的是租家提单，船东仍不可以掉以轻心。只要承运人未收回自己的提单，他就要承担无提单放货的风险和责任。 　　第三，凭银行保函放货。航运习惯中常有这样的作法，由收货人开具保证书（LETTER OF INDEMOMIDY），即通常所称的“公司保函”，凭以换取向现场提取货物的凭证——提货单，以提取货物。LOI的形式和词名并不完全相同，但一般内容都包括：收货人保证在收到提单后立即向船公司或其代理交回这一提单承担应由收货人支付的运费及其他费用的责任；对因未交提单而提取货物所产生的一切损失承担责任等。船东对能否接受此类公司保函须持相当慎重的态度。只有收货人是多年的老客户，与船东交往密切并且有很高的信誉，其对货物的所有权不容置疑，承运人才能接受公司保函。否则，如果收货人并不为船东所熟识，对船东而言，更保险一点的做法是要求收货人提交很行开具的提货担保书。开具提货担保书的银行可以是收货人所在地开户行或者开证行，其内容通常包括：“因本行××号信用证项下提单尚未收到，请船公司准许收货人凭此担保书先行提取货物。因收货人为凭正本提单提货致使船公司遭受损失，收货人负赔偿责任。收货人收到提单后应立即交还船公司以换回此担保书。银行保证上述承诺之履行。”银行开具的提货担保书保证了收货人的信用，因此相对于公司保函，它更容易为船公司接受。 　　值得注意的是，在船公司实际收回提单以前，虽然他可以根据提货担保书将因无提单交货而发生的损失转嫁给收货人或担保银行，但根据违反运输合同的义务要求，他对正当的提单持有人仍负有赔偿一切损失的风险。因此，船公司一定要尽可能早日收回提单。 　　上述三种处理无提单放货的方法都是在提单延误的情况下，如果提单已经遗失或者被窃，或者船东对收货能否交还延误的提单持怀疑态度，应该要求提货人提供更可靠的银行保函（BANK""S GUARANTEE）。银行保函相对于公司保函，能给船东提供更为可靠的担保。 　　银行保函与公司保函的主要区别在于：（1）开具的条件不一样。收货人要想开具银行保函，银行往往要冻结相当于货款的资金，而开提单担保书则不必。（2）有权开具银行保函的银行级别往往有严格的规定。例如在我国，各商业银行的支行，除非有其上级分行的指定，否则无权出具银行保函，而只能出具提货担保书。（3）银行保函通常都规定有效期（如1-2年），而公司保函则是短期行为，它规定收货人收到正本提单即应换回提货担保书。 　　由此可见，银行保函相对于提货担保书，具有更强的担保效力。但由于申请、操作的手续相对比较繁琐，收货人多不愿采用，变通的做法是要求收货人抵押相当于货款的金额在承运人帐上，等提单收到后再换回。但这都要冻结收货人的一部分资金，因此除非情况紧急，收货人很少愿意采用这两种办法。 　　需要提醒承运人注意的是，以上做法都是在托运人无异议的情况下做出的。如果涉及发货人和收货人间的纠葛（发货人故意扣押提单不给收货人），承运人就千万不能听信收货人而无单放货。很简单，尤其在CIF条款下，发货人对货物有更大的主张权。承运人若不明真相地放货给收货人，恐怕是难以向发货人交代的。

我们可以将信用证分为以下几类，一起来看一看你都有了解吗？1.跟单信用证（Documentary L/C）如提单、铁路运单、航空运单、发票、保险单等。它是开证行凭跟单汇票或仅凭单据付款的信用证。单据是指代表货物或证明货物已交运的运输单据。2.光票信用证（Clean L/C)指开证行仅凭没有附单据的汇票来付款的信用证。而那些附有不包括运输单据的发票、货物清单等也是属于光票的。3.不可撤销信用证（Irrevocable L/C)指的是那些一经银行开出，未经受益人、开证人及保兑行的同意，开证行不得片面修改或撤销信用证的规定和承诺。但是必须是要在有效期内哦！过了有效期就可以了。4.可撤销信用证（Revocable L/C）这个就跟不可撤销信用证是相对应的，就是开证行有权随时对信用证的规定和承诺进行修改甚至是撤销，并且不用征得当事人或者受益人的同意。但是这种权利也是在受益人没有按规定行事是才有效，一般我们是不会用这种信用证的，因为它对出口人是特别不利的。值得注意的是那些没有对撤销进行说明的就信用证是默认为不可撤销的。5.保兑信用证（Confirmed L/C）为了规避和分摊风险，当客户对开证行存在疑虑或开证行本身觉得自己所开的信用证可能会不被信任时会对信用证进行保兑。保兑信用证既开证行开出的信用证，由另一家银行保证对符合信用证条款规定的单据履行付款义务。加保兑的银行也就是我们所说的保兑行（Comfirmed Bank），它承担着与开证行相同的付款责任。6.不保兑信用证（Unconfirmed Credit）这个是跟保兑信用证相对应的就不过多说了，通常对于资信好的银行或者交易金额不大时，也就没必要保兑。7.即期信用证（Sight L/C）、远期信用证（Usance L/C）、假远期信用证（Usance L/C Payable at Sight）以上三种信用证是根据付款时间不同而分的，分别为收到单据后立即付款和收到单据后在规定时间内付款。而假远期信用证实际上仍属于即期信用证，它是由付款行先负责贴现，但贴现期间的利息和费用是由开证人承担的一种付款方式。8. 可转让信用证（Transferable L/C）、不可转让信用证（Non-transferable L/C）可转让信用证是信用证的受益人可以要求授权付款、承担延期付款的责任、承兑或议付的银行，或当信用证是自由议付时，可以要求信用证中特别授权的转让银行，将信用证全部或部分转让给一个或数个受益人的信用证。但这针对的是在信用证中标明“可转让”的信用证，而且只能转让一次。没有标明“可转让”的即为不可转让信用证。9. 循环信用证（Revolving L/C）分为自动式循环、非自动式循环和半自动式循环。循环信用证在分批交货时经常使用，既在没有达到规定次数或金额时，信用证被全部或部分使用后，金额会恢复到原金额，再次使用。自动循环既不用等待开证行的通知，每期用完一定金额后自动回复原金额；非自动是要有开证行的通知才可以；而半自动就是未得到通知且用完后的若干天自动恢复的方式。10. 对开信用证（Reciprocal Credit）指买卖双方开立的以对方为受益人的信用证，从而保障双方的权益。通常金额相差不多或相等，通常用于原料加工，补偿业务等。11. 背对背信用证（Back to Back Credit）是受益人要求银行以按照原证，另外开一张内容相似的信用证，但要用原证作为抵押的。通常是由中间商开给供应商的。

一：选择题The new drug will not be put on the market ＿it has proved sage on humans . A. if B. until C .since D when 2.It was because of his good performance at the interview＿＿he got the job with the big company.A. so B. what C. .that D. while 3.Our company is visitors decided to stay in our city for—two days as they wanted to have a look around.A. otter B .the other C, another D. other"s4.According to the time table, the rain for Beijing ＿at 9:10pm.from Monday to Friday .A. was leaving B. is leaving C. leaves D. has left5.Although she is only 14,she looks like a ＿woman, beautiful and full in figure.A. Ripe B. grown C. big D. mature 6.The proposal ＿＿＿＿＿at the meeting now is of great importance department.A. being discussed B. to be discussing C. having discussed D. discussing 7。C. casual8.When he patted her on the shoulder, she was very upset at his ＿＿＿style.A. where B. that C. which D. how 9. D. to10.It is reasonable for people to pursue a career in fields related＿＿＿there favorite hobbies.A. preserve B. persist C. insist D. endure二．填空题1.Nowadays，electronic （pay） ＿payment＿＿＿＿＿in a more convenient way to pay for purchase than cash and checks.2.Most of the high school students who （interview）＿were interviewed＿＿＿＿yesterday believed that they should continue with then education.3.It is important that he＿＿was＿＿＿＿ （be）called back ……4.According to the survey (conduct)＿conducted＿＿＿＿＿＿recently ,52% of American business people booked then business travel online last year .5.If I (be)＿were＿＿＿＿ you ,I will study hard.6.It is the (responsible)----responsibility＿＿of the human resources department to employ new staff members.7.It was reported that the (injure)＿injured＿＿＿＿people were taken to the hospital immediately after the accident.8.The bank refused (accept)＿＿to accept＿＿＿＿＿＿my application for the loan because they weren"t convinced by my business plan .9.It is important to realize how（quick）＿quickly＿＿＿＿＿this disease can spread over the globe. 三．阅读（一）（内容：只是一点内容，文章的第一句）College is a place to explorer many possibilities，you really can"t do it all ----unless you manage your time wisely……………………………………………….（问题）（1）.We need to plan ahead in order to＿＿B＿＿＿＿＿＿？答案：B (better organize our activities ) （2）Strategic times are best for to？ 答案：C．（study sufficiently）3.Which of the following could be used as a motivation to do our assignments ？ B答案：B．（Any activities we"re eager to do） 4:B(Taking a short nap in the afternoon) (5).Which of the following could be the best little for the article ? 答案：A. （Study Habits and Time Management）.（二） Welcome to our small business set－up guide, providing all the information you…….(1) This guide is intended to help people to ＿＿……… 答案：B (start a men small business.)(2) What are most important for a business to survive? 答案：D ( Determination and originality.)(3) What does the word “forewarn”mean? 答案： C （ Advise beforehand.）（4）What kind of businesses are regard as “small”in the UK? 答案：A (Those with fever than 50 employees.)(5) More information about how to start a small……… 答案：B（ Linking to other relevant articles.）（三）How to write contact details in your CV?Print your name in lager letters……………Top of page: (Print) your name enlarge lettersTo be in cluded:1.(address) 2.(email) 3.mobile phone numberNot to be included:1.(personal information),such as...... 2.(Include a photograph)unless it is requested.. (四)搭配题（汉译英）：1.现金价格：E(cash price)2：销售合同：D(salsas contract)3:到达港：J（port of arrival）4：供货合同：A(supply agreement)5:逾期付款：H(Late payment)6：索赔通知:P(Note of claim)7：贸易协定：B(Trade agreement)8：信用证：M(Letter of credit)9：固定价格：G(Fixed price)10：即期装运：K(Prompt shipment)（五） Sale contractNo: SC～3Done and signed in Beijing on this 4th day...（1）What is the brand of the Apple Jam? 答案：Great wall Brand(下同)（2）What is the total value of the contract? 答案： Us ＄30.00.（3）When will the goods be shipped? 答案：August 2009.（4）What are the terms of payment? 答案：By letter of credit. （5）Where are the goods to be sent to? 答案： Vancouver Canada. 翻译（选择正确答案）：1：BCD 2:AB 3:ACD 4:ABC 1.when exporting goods it is ...答案： 为了促进货物出口，减少货物的丢失或者损坏，必须发展保险业 2.if we do not rective payment...答案： 如果本月底我们还收不到订货，我们就不的不采取其他办法了 3.party B has the ....答案： 乙方有义务在下述情况下，有权拒绝接受甲方书写的合同 4.I have already given....答案： 我已做了解释，首先必须有工程师愿意加班工作才能有可能来完成这项任务 作文：介绍产品假如你是某公司的产品推销员,请用英语完成下面的产品介绍: 1.产品名称:INSTANT-DICT 2.产地:中国香港 3.厂家:Hongyun Company Ltd. 4.产品特点:电子辞典,储存有一百万英语单词和短语.采用该公司20年的研究成果,由高级电脑科技控制,用轻金属制成,体小,携带方便,操作简单,价格合理. 注意:词数100左右. One possible version: INSTANT-DICT is an e-dictionary made in Hong Kong, China. It is the latest product of Hongyun Company Ltd. with a large vocabulary of I million words and phrases stored in it. So you can look up any word you meet in your Senior period. INSTANT-DICT is controlled by advanced computer technology which is also the latest technical result of the company"s 20-year research. The body of the INSTANT-DICT is made of light metal. Therefore it is small in size and convenient to carry; besides, it is easy to operate. The price is reasonable. It is a wise choice for English learners. This product has been studied for a long time, we invented for consumer demand, design, easy and you are using这产品经过很久的研究发明出来的 ，我们为了消费者的需求考虑，设计多功能，轻巧，方便大家是用 Our products inexpensive,我们的产品物美价廉，You choose this product guarantee你选择这产品保证超值This product environmental protection, low is a majority of satisfaction这产品环保，价廉是多数人的满意之选Hope everyone after use希望大家使用后开心

就是我公司向另外一个公司出具的一种保证书，向对方保证某些事或者遵守一些约定等的一个书面证明，简称保函。我们公司一般是让被保证方出具保函格式，由我公司盖章签字之后回传被保证方，等于向对方保证一些东西等。希望可以帮到你~