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求高中英语虚拟语气讲解~!!!

2023-05-19 18:08:33
TAG: 英语 高中
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苏州马小云
★ 高考英语虚拟语气专题讲座★



★ 语气是一种动词形式,用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中有三种语气:陈述语气,疑问语气,虚拟语气。
虚拟语气定义:虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观愿望、假设或建议等。
虚拟语气的学习重点:
1. 虚拟语气的在条件句中的基本用法和四个基本情态动词的用法。
2. 虚拟语气的倒装。(if省略,条件句中中有had, should, were)。
3. 两种错综虚拟语气。
4. 含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气。
5. 过去的计划,打算,愿望等未曾实现时的虚拟语气。
6. 特殊句型中的虚拟语气:两个。重点为wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气及as if和as though从句中虚拟语气的表示法。
7. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用。即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的名词性从句。
8. 不清惜条件的虚拟语气。
★★★虚拟语气在条件句中的用法列表如下:
相关时态 主句形式 从句形式 例句
与现在事实相反 Shouldwouldcouldmight+do(动词原形) 过去式(be动词各人称都用were) If I were you, I should would make full use of my time to study.
与过去事实相反 Shouldwouldcouldmight+have done(动词过去分词) Had+done(过去分词) If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
与将来事实相反 Shouldwouldcouldmight+do(动词原形) 1. 过去式(be动词各人称都用were)
2. should+动词原形
3. were to +动词原形 If it should rain tomorrow, the crops would be saved.
★★★注意四个情态动词的用法:
1. 若表示在某一假设的条件下,必然而然就会发生某事,第一人称可用should或would, 而二、三人称只用would.
2. 若表示在某一假设条件下就能够干某事,各人称都用could.
3. 如果表示在某种假设条件下有可能会发生某事,各人称都用might.
★★★虚拟语气倒装
请看典型考题:__________ your address,I would have written to you.
A. Did I know B. Were I to know C. Had I known D. If I should know
此题应选 C。这是虚拟语气的倒装形式。当虚拟条件句中含有 were,had,should,could等动词时,可以将if省略,然后将 were,had,should,could 等词移至句首:
1. If he should fail,he would kill himself. →Should he fail,he would kill himself. 万一失败,他就会自杀。
2. If I were you,I would do it at once. →Were I you,I would do it at once. 假若我是你,我就会马上做。
3. If I could do it,I would. →Could I do it,I would. 要是我能做此事,我一定会做。
4. If he had seen you yesterday,he would haveasked you about it.
→Had he seen you yesterday,he would haveasked you about it. 他昨天要是看到了你,他就会问你这事了。
注意:顺便说一句,以上移至句首的 had不一定是助动词,如果是实义动词也可倒装:
5. If he had money,he would buy a car. Had he money,he would buy a car. 他要是有钱,他就会买一辆小车。
将下列倒装句恢复正常:
a. Were it not for the fact that you are ill, I would give you a good beating.
要不是因为你有病这一事实,我就会狠揍你一顿。
b. Had he asked me, I would have given him my advice.要是他请求我的话,我就会给他建议的。
c. Were it to snow tomorrow, the hunter would not go hunting.万一明天下雪,猎人就不去打猎了。
★★★错综虚拟语气
How I wish I had studied harder when I was in school!
If you had, you ____ work into late every day nowadays.
A. don"t B. wouldn"t C. didn"t D. won"t
[解析]“要是我在校时能够更加努力地学习,那该多好啊!”“要是你当时努力学习的话,你现在就不会每天都工作那么晚了。”根据句意,条件与过去事实相反,而主句与现在事实相反。
常见的两种错综虚拟语气:
1.从句与过去事实相反相成,而主句与现在事实相反。例如:
If you had not been strict with me when I was young, I could not be such a successful person now.如果我年轻时你没有对我严格要求的话,我现在就不可能是这么成功的一个人。(这种虚拟语气的特点是主句中常含有时间准状语now 或nowadays)
2. Should anyone come and ask for me, tell them I will come back tomorrow.万一有人来找我,告诉他们我明天回来。(主句为祈使句,条件句与将来事实相反,表示说话人认为某件事情发生的可能性很小。)
★★★含蓄虚拟条件句
含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。这类用法主要见于以下七种方式:
1. 将条件隐含在不定式短语中。
I should be happy to go with you. 如果能与你一起去,我将很高兴。(=I should be happy if I could go with you.)
To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你学习更用功些,你早就考及格了。(=if you have studied harder, you…)
2. 将条件隐含在分词短语中。
Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好时代,他早就成为学者了。(=If he had been born in better times, he …)
Failing this time, what would you do? 假若这次失败,那你怎么办?(=If you failed this time, what…)
Walking alone in the dark, Mary would be terrified. 要一个人单独在黑暗中走,玛丽会感十分害怕。(If Mary walked alone in the dark, she…)
3. 将条件隐含在介词短语中。
Without air, no one could live. 没有空气,人就不能活。(=If there were no air, no one could live.)
But for his help, he would have failed. 要不是有他的帮助,他就会失败了。(=If it hadn"t been for his help, he would have failed.)
常用的介词或介词短语,如but for, but that, without, in case of, under, under more favorable condition等。
4. 将条件隐含在名词短语中。
A true friend would not have betrayed me.
若是真正的朋友,就不会背弃我。(=If he had been a true friend, he would…)
A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer.
要是你早来几个小时,你就见到这位著名的作家了。(If you had come a few hours earlier, you…)
5. 将条件隐含在某些连词(如or, or else, otherwise等)中:
具体用法如下:它们后的句子如果说的不是客观事实,它们前边的句子采用陈述语气,后边的句子采用虚拟语气。
○1 句子(一般现在时)+ or, or else, otherwise + 句子(谓语部分:shouldwouldcouldmight等+ 动词原形)
○2 句子(一般过去时)+ or, or else, otherwise + 句子(谓语部分:shouldwouldcouldmight等+ have done)
I didn"t know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldn"t have believed him.
我不知道他是个骗子,不然我也不会相信他了。(or else=if I had known he was a cheat))
I"m really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you.
我真的是太忙了,不然我就会同你一道去了。(otherwise=if I were not so busy))
6. 将条件隐含在定语从句中。
Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo.
凡是看过那画的人,都可能把它看成是照片。(=If anyone had seen that painting…)
7. 将条件隐含在一定的上下文中。
Don"t bother to read all these papers. It would take too long.
不要费事看所有这些文件了,那会花太多时间。(=…If you read all these papers, it would take too long)
常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段连词如:so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(倘若……),for fear that(惟恐) , on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。
(注:lest, for fear that和in case引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形,但可以不用虚拟语气,而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如:
★ The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him.这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。
Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.
在使用此法时要小心谨慎,以免会发生溢流现象。
★★★过去的计划打算愿望等未曾实现时的虚拟语气
1. 表过去愿望未曾实现时,常用would like to have done sth. 或would have liked to do sth.(前者常用)
I would like to have gone to the celebration, but I couldn"t get away. 我本来想参加庆祝会,但未能脱开身。
2. 表示过去本来该干某事但没有干时,用shouldought to have done sth. 若表示本来不该干但却干了某事时,用should notought not to have done sth.
The criminal should have told the truth, but he refused to. 那罪犯本来应该说出实情,但他不肯说。
3. 表示过去本来有能力干某事,但未能干成时用could have done sth.
I could have lent you the money, but you did not turn to me for help. 我本来能借给你那笔钱,但你没有向我求助。
4. 表示过去本来有可能干某事,但未能干成时用might have done sth.
You might have been chosen, but you gave up the chance. 你本来有可能被选上的,但你放弃了那个机会。
5. 表示过去本来愿意干某事,但未能干成时用would have done sth.
The cook would have helped you, but his wife stopped him. 那厨师本来愿意帮助你,但他妻子制止了他。
6. hope, want, expect, plan等动词表示过去愿望、计划、打算等未曾实现时,把谓语动词用成过去完成时或把它们后面的不定式用成完成式。
I had hoped to become a poet, but I turned teacher instead. 我本希望当个诗人,但我却当了老师。
I hoped to have become a poet, but I turned teacher instead.
My playmate hoped to have entered a key university last year, but his wish didn"t come true.
我的伙伴本打算进入一个重点大学,但他的梦想没能实现。
7. be to do sth.句型表示过去计划安排未曾实现时,用was were to have done sth结构.
The European tourists were to have arrived by ten, but they were caught in a shower and delayed.
那些欧洲的游客本来10点到达,但他们遇上了阵雨,被推迟了。
The building was to have been completed by the end of last month, but the plan failed.
这栋楼本来计划上个月底建完,但计划失败了。
8. be going to句型表过去个人打算未曾实现时,用waswere going to结构。
--Did you go to the museum yesterday?
--No, I was going to, but something urgent happened at the last moment.
你昨天到博物馆去了吗? 我本来打算去,但在最后的片刻发生了紧急的事情。
I was going to meet you at the station, but I had to work extra hours writing a report for my boss.
我本来打算去车站见你,但我不得不在工作几个小时给我老板写份报告。
★★★虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用:
(一) 主语从句中的虚拟语气
在It is +形容词/某些动词的过去分词+主语从句的结构中,从句的谓语动词须用动词原形或 should +do的形式。这些类型包括:
1、It"s important…类 形容词
这一类型主要包括It is (was) important (necessary, desirable, imperative, advisable)that. . .句型。如:
It is impossible that he should go home. 他不可能会回家去。
It is necessary that I should return it right now. 我有必要马上把它还回去。
It is important that we should speah politely. 我们说话要有礼貌,这是很重要的。
It is not necessary that everyone be a scientist. 没有必要使每一个人都成为科学家。
It is imperative that we should practise critidsm and self-criticism. 应当进行批评与自我批评。
2、It"s a pity…类 名词
It is a pity that she should fare so badly. 她竟吃得这么差,真可怜。
It"s a pity that he should be so obstinate. 真遗憾他竟这样倔犟。
It was a pity that you couldn"t come. 你不能来,真是太遗憾了。
It is a pity that she failed the driving examination. 她没通过驾驶考试真是遗憾。
It is his desire that a medical man should stay here. 他希望有一个医务人员留在这里。
3、It"s desired…类 某些动词的过去分词
这种主语从句还常用在It is (was) desired (suggested, settled, proposed, requested, decided, etc. ) that...句型。如:
It is requested that a vote be taken. 建议付诸表决。
It is settled that you leave us, then? 那么你肯定要离开我们罗?
It was proposed that this matter be considered at the next meeting. 有人提议这事下次会议再讨论。
★ It is desired that this rule should be brought to the attention of the staff. 希望这条规则引起全体职员的注意。
【特别说明】
(1) 在现代英语中,有时也可不用虚拟语气而用陈述语气,但初学者宜慎用。
(2) 在It is amazing (strange, surprising, astonishing, a pity, a shame)以及 I am surprised (sorry) 和I regret等结构后的that 从句中有时也用should,表示说话人的惊异、懊悔、失望等情感,常含有“竟然”之意:
It"s strange that he should be so rude. 他竟如此无礼,真是奇怪。
I"m surprised that he should have failed. 他竟然失败了,这使我很吃惊。
若不用虚拟语气也可以,则不带感情 色彩,比较:
It"s a pity that he failed the exam. 他考试没及格,真是遗憾。
It"s a pity that he should have failed the exam. 他考试竟没及格,真是遗憾。
decided(决定的)、 important(重要的)、 ordered(命令的)、 advisable(合理的)、
demanded(要求的) desire(期望的)、 desirable(合乎需要的)、 essential(紧要的)、
insistent(坚持的)、 natural(自然的)、 preferabl(更可取的)、 proposed(建议的)、
recommended(推荐的)、required(要求的)、 urgent(紧迫的)、 vital(极其重要的)
appropriate(适当的)、 arranged(安排好的)、 better(较好的)、 imperative(迫切的)、
possible(可能的)、 probable(可能的)、 resolved(决心的)、 strange(奇怪的)、
suggested(建议的)
It is highly desirable that a new mayor be appointed for this city.这座城市急需任命一位新市长。
(二)宾语从句用虚拟语气的10种类型
1、I wish后的宾语从句 ( 略)
We wish he didn"t smoke. 我们希望他不吸烟。
I wish prices would come down. 我希望物价能降下来。
I wish the train would come. 我希望火车会来。
2、表示“坚持”后的宾语从句
主要是指insist的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如:
I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。
He insisted that I (should) go with them. 他坚持要我同他们一起去。
Rose insisted that he be present. 罗斯坚持要他出席。
The detective insisted that he should have a look. 警探坚持要查看。
注意:动词insist后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气,两者的区别是:若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生,或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气。比较:
He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。
He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。
3、表示“命令”后的宾语从句
主要是指order, command的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如:
He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。
Thejudge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded. 法官命令被告还押。
The King ordered that the man be released. 国王命令释放那人。
He commanded that we (should) attack at once. 他命令我们立即发起进攻。
4、表示“建议”后的宾语从句
主要是指advise, suggest, propose, recommend等的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如:
He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。
The doctor advised that he change his job. 医生劝他换工作。
They recommend that this tax be abolished. 他们建议取消这种税。
I suggest that we (should) have lunch right now. 我建议我们现在就吃午饭。
The committee proposed (that) Mr. Day be elected. 委员会建议推选戴先生。
The doctor advised [suggested] that he (should) not smoke. 医生建议他不要抽烟。
I propose that the matter be put to the vote at once. 我提议对此问题立刻进行表决。
He proposed that Mr. O"Leary be the chairman. 他提议奥列利先生担任主席。
She suggested that I (should) be responsible for the arrangements. 她建议我来负责进行安排。
注意:与动词insist相似,动词suggest后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气,两者的区别也是:若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气,此时suggest通常译为“建议”;若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实,则要用陈述语气,此时的suggest通常译为“表明”、“认为”。比较并体会:
He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。
What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他说的话表明他是个骗子。
I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣。
5、表示“要求”后的宾语从句
9、表示“希望”“打算”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词desire, intend后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美语中通常省略。
She desires that he do it. 她希望他做此事。
They intended that the news (should) be suppressed. 他们打算封锁这条消息。
I desire the patient should have a bath every day. 我希望病人每天洗澡。
10、表示“指示”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词direct后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏。
(三)表语从句和同位语从句
有些名词引起的表语从句或同位语从句中,谓语动词须用动词原形或should +do的形式。
这些名词包括:
advice(忠告)、 decision(决定)、 demand(要求)、 desire(渴望)、 idea(想法)、
motion(提议)、 necessity(必要性)、 order(命令)、 plan(计划)、 preference(偏爱)、
proposal(建议)、 recommendation(推荐)、requirement(要求)、suggestion(建议)等。
例句13:His proposal is that we turn off TVfor half an hour every day.他建议我们每天少看半个小时的电视。
特别提示:从以上的各类从句中我们可以得到以下的推论,即当一个动词后面的宾语从句中要使用(should)+do的虚拟语气形式时,则可推理出用法相同的一组从句。以动词advise为例:
(1)I advise that we stay and wait here.(动词后的宾语从句)
(2)It is advised that we stay here.(It is +动词的过去分词+that引导的主语从句)
(3)It is advisable that we stay here.(It is +由该动词转换的形容词+that引导的主语从句)
(4)My advice is that we stay here.(由该动词转换的名词后的表语从句)
(5)I offered the advice that we stay here.(由该动词转换的名词后的同位语从句)
(6)I think it advisable that we stay here.(由该动词转换的形容词作宾语补足语,it为形式宾语,真正的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气)
以上六类从句中所使用的都为(should)+do的虚拟语气形式。
★★★wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气
一. Wish本身为现在时,后面得宾语从句如果与现在存在状态相反的愿望,从句中谓语动词采用过去时或过去进行时,遇到be动词时各人称都用were.
二. Wish本身为过去时,后面得宾语从句如果与过去存在状态相反,从句中谓语动词采用过去时,遇到be动词时各人称都用were.
三. 凡发生在谓语(wish)以前的动作,从句中的虚拟语气谓语的结构形式是过去完成时, 即had+动词过去分词或would could + have done。
四. 凡发生在谓语(wish)以后的动作,从句中的虚拟语气谓语的结构形式是过去将来时,即(would +动词原形),如果用到情态动词can,各人称都用could.
五. I wish + 从句的结构还可以转换成if only+ 从句结构。If only后也要采用虚拟语气,其构成及意思与I wish + 从句完全一样。
六.从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关,而与wish的时态无关,比较:
I wish I were not so busy. 但愿我不那样忙碌。 (与现在相反)1
I wish I were [was] better looking. 要是我长得漂亮些就好了。 (与现在相反)1
I wished I were rich. 当时我后悔自己没有钱。
豆豆staR

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。

[编辑本段]应用条件

虚拟语气常在表示条件和结果的状语从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时动词有三种时态:现在时,过去时,将来时。

在条件句中的应用:条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。

[编辑本段]虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法

1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句

eg .

If he doesn"t hurry up, he will miss the bus. ( 真实条件状语)(不是虚拟语气)

If he was free, he would ask me to tell stories. (真实条件状语)(不是虚拟语气)

If I were you, I would go at once. (非真实条件状语从句)

If there were no air, people would die. (非真实条件状语从句)

总结就是 四个字:主将从现,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。

2、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式

① 表示与现在事实相反的情况

(条件)从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式

谓语动词用一般过去式

(be用were) should/would/could/might+动词原形(过去将来时)

eg.

If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)

If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道)

If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)

If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。(事实:没带钱)

If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了。(事实:学习不用功)

②表示与过去事实相反的情况

从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式

had+过去分词(过去完成时) should/would/could/might+

have+过去分词(现在完成将来时)(过去将来完成时)

eg. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)

If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实:没有听我的话)

③表示对将来情况的主观推测(可能相反或可能性很小)

从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式

If+主语+ ① should+动词

② did

③were to do

(①通常与一个表示时间状语连用)其 中were to do可能性最小,

should/would/

could/might+动词原形

eg.If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小)

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。(事实:不知能否下雪)

If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事得始末。

在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的宾语从句,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,"should+动词原形"构成,should 可省略。

[编辑本段]虚拟语气的其他用法

①、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句

a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式

eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实:我根本比不上你)

b、表示过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:had+v-ed

eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。(事实:原来不知道)

c、表示将来难以实现的愿望

谓语动词:should/would + 动词原形

eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实:很难再有这样的机会了)

②虚拟语气用在一坚持(insist) 二命令(order. command) 三建议(advise. suggest. propose) 四要求(demand. require. request. desire)中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。

如 He suggested that we (should) take the teacher"s advice

He insisted that we (should) take the teacher"s advice

He demand that we (should) take the teacher"s advice

He ordered that we (should) take the teacher"s advice

注:insist如果翻译成坚持做才用虚拟语气翻译成坚持说就不用虚拟语气。

如:He insist he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生。

这个语句表示的是事实,因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。

suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气,意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。

如: His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含着他很担心。

这个句子本身是事实,因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。

③表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surpring.

funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等。

句型:It is.......that 结构后的主语从句,从句的谓语动词都要用 should+原型 或只用动词原型

虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法

1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句

eg .

If he doesn"t hurry up, he will miss the bus. ( 真实条件状语)(不是虚拟语气)

If he was free, he would ask me to tell stories. (真实条件状语)(不是虚拟语气)

If I were you, I would go at once. (非真实条件状语从句)

If there were no air, people would die. (非真实条件状语从句)

总结就是 四个字:主将从现,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。

2、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式

① 表示与现在事实相反的情况

(条件)从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式

谓语动词用一般过去式

(be用were) should/would/could/might+动词原形(过去将来时)

eg.

If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)

If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道)

If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)

If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。(事实:没带钱)

If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了。(事实:学习不用功)

②表示与过去事实相反的情况

从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式

had+过去分词(过去完成时) should/would/could/might+

have+过去分词(现在完成将来时)(过去将来完成时)

eg. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)

If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实:没有听我的话)

③表示对将来情况的主观推测(可能相反或可能性很小)

从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式

If+主语+ ① should+动词

② did

③were to do

(①通常与一个表示时间状语连用)其 中were to do可能性最小,

should/would/

could/might+动词原形

eg.If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小)

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。(事实:不知能否下雪)

If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事得始末。

在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的宾语从句,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,"should+动词原形"构成,should 可省略。

[编辑本段]虚拟语气的其他用法

①、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句

a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式

eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实:我根本比不上你)

b、表示过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:had+v-ed

eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。(事实:原来不知道)

c、表示将来难以实现的愿望

谓语动词:should/would + 动词原形

eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实:很难再有这样的机会了)

②虚拟语气用在一坚持(insist) 二命令(order. command) 三建议(advise. suggest. propose) 四要求(demand. require. request. desire)中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。

如 He suggested that we (should) take the teacher"s advice

He insisted that we (should) take the teacher"s advice

He demand that we (should) take the teacher"s advice

He ordered that we (should) take the teacher"s advice

注:insist如果翻译成坚持做才用虚拟语气翻译成坚持说就不用虚拟语气。

如:He insist he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生。

这个语句表示的是事实,因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。

suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气,意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。

如: His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含着他很担心。

这个句子本身是事实,因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。

③表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surpring.

funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等。

句型:It is.......that 结构后的主语从句,从句的谓语动词都要用 should+原型 或只用动词原型。

④虚拟语气在方式状语从句的应用。详百度百科之方式状语从句词条。

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2023-01-07 16:50:331

坚持不懈得英语怎么写?

unremittingpersistencekeep one"s resolvesoldier onPerseverance世界上大凡成功的人士,始终跟他的坚持不懈(Perseverance)和毅力(stamina)是分不开的,因此,英谚有云:Nopains,nogains.(不劳无获。A Little at a Time左学右练英语阅读 :1—著译者:赵世平主编—西安交... ...The Dog Nobody Wanted(3)(弃狗)A Little at a Time(坚持不懈)Windows(窗户) ...Constancy艾琪(HATCH)之光取意:贯穿诚信(Honest)、专业(Adept)、超越(Transcend)、坚持不懈(Constancy)、 快乐(Happy),神农架林区光纤照明厂家 咨询电话: 。短语坚持不懈,锲而不舍persevere vi;perseverance坚持不懈的persistent a;insistent;persistent;bullheaded, persistent坚持不懈,执意persist in坚持不懈的努力persistent efforts坚持不懈奖Perseverance Award坚持不懈,执着persist in坚持不懈,执意Persist vi坚持不懈 keep holding on坚持不懈 [jiān chí bú xiè] adhere to sth. unremittingly; hold on consistently and persistently;
2023-01-07 16:50:391

insist的形容词

insistent 坚持的,持续的
2023-01-07 16:50:451

英语中的前缀或者后缀都有哪些?

一、常用前缀anti- against, opposite 反(对) war(战争)——antiwar(反战的) missile(导弹)——antimissile(反导弹的)auto- of or by oneself 自己(做)的 stop(停止)——autostop (自动停止) criticism (批评)——autocriticism (自动停止)be- cause to be or have 使,有 fool(傻瓜)——befool (愚弄) friend (朋友)——befriend (以朋友态度对待)bi- two, twice, double 二,双,两倍 party (政党)——biparty(两党的) ped (足——biped (二足动物)bio- life 生命,生物 medicine (医学)——biomedicine (生物医学) pack(包裹)——biopack (生命包)centi- hundredth part 百分之一 liter(升)——centiliter (厘升) meter (米)——centimeter (厘米)co- with ,together共同,(和…)一起 driver(司机)——codriver (副驾驶员) edit(编辑)——coedit (合作编辑)con-, col- ,com- ,cor- with together 共同,(和…)一起 join(参加)—— cojoin(联合) location(位置)——collocation(并置) passion(激情)——copassion (同情) relation (关系)——correlation (相互关系)contra- opposite 反对,相反,相对 attitude (态度)——contraattitude (反对态度) natural (自然的)——contranatural (违反自然的)】counter- opposite反对,相反,相对 value (价值)——countervalue (等值) view (意见)——counterview(反对意见)de- showing an opposite , to remove, to reduce 非,相反,除去,减少 code (密码)——decode (解密) value (价值)——devalue(使贬值)dis- not, the opposite of 否定,相反 agree(同意)——disagree 反对) honest (诚实的)——dishonest(不诚实的)en-, em- cause to become, put into the stated condition 使成为,使处于…状态 large(大的)——enlarge (扩大) body(身体)——embody (体现)ex- former 以前的,前任的 president (总统)——expresident (前总统) wife(妻子)——exwife (前妻)extra- outside, beyond 超出, 在…之外 artistic(艺术的)——extraartistic (与艺术无关的) capsular (胶囊的)——extracapsular (囊外的)fore- in advance ,before , in or at the front 预先,前,在前面的 head (头)——forehead(额) judge(判断)——forejudge(掌握事实根据前的)预断,臆断in-, il-, im- not 不,非,无 direct (直接的)——indirect(间接的) moral(道德的)——immoral (不道德的) regular(规则的)——irregular (不规则的)in- in, into 内,向内 door (门)——indoor (户内的) fix(安装)——infix (嵌入)inter- between, among 互相,在…之间 national (国家的)——international (国际的) university (大学)——interuniversity (大学间的)intra- inside, within 在之内 atomic (原子的)——intraatomic (原子内的) group (团体,社团)——contragroup(社团内部的)kilo- thousand 千 gram(克)——kilogram(千克) watt (瓦特)——kilowatt(千瓦)macro- large 宏观的 climate(气候)——macroclimate(大气候) engineering(工程)——macroengineering(大规模工程)mal- bad, badly 坏,不良,不当 function(功能)——malfunction(机能障碍) formation(形态)——malformation(畸形)micro- extremely small 极小的 code (代码)——microcode (微码) computer (计算机)——microcomputer(微型计算机)mid- middle 中间 term(学期)——midterm(期中) day(昼,白天)——midday(中午)mini- small, short 极小的,极短的 bus(公共汽车)——minibus(小汽车) skirt(裙子)——miniskirt (迷你裙)mis- bad, badly 坏,不当 understand (理解)—— misunderstand(误解) lead (引导)——mislead(误导)mono- one, single 单, 一 graph (书写单位)——monograph(专著,专论) nuclear (核)——mononuclear (单核的)multi- many, more than one 多 millionaire (百万富翁)——multimillionaire (千万富翁) store (商店)——multistore (连锁店)non- not 不,非,无 cooperation (合作)——noncooperation (不合作) credit (学分)——noncredit (无学分的)out- outside, beyond 超越,超过,胜过 law (法律)——outlaw(歹徒,逃犯) learn(学习)——outlearn (学得比…快)over- too much, above ,additional 过分, 在…上面。额外的 head(头)——overhead(在头顶上的) full(满的)——overfull (过满的,满溢的)poly- many 多 clinic(诊所)——polyclinic(综合性医院) direction(方向的)——polydirection (多方向的post- later than, after 在…之后 graduate(有学士学位的)——postgraduate (研究生的) war(战争)——postwar(战后的)pre- before , in advance 在…之前,预先 view(观看)——preview(预习) school(学校)——preschool(学前的)pseudo- not real, false 假,伪 memory(记忆)——pseudomemory(记忆错误) science(科学)——pseudoscience (伪科学0re- again, back to a former state 再,回复 pay (付款)——repay(偿还,报答) breathe(呼吸)——rebreathe (重新吸入)semi- half, partly 半,部分的 circle(圆)——semicircle(半圆) final(决赛)——semifinal(半决赛)sub- under ,below, less important 在…下, 低于,次于…的 standard (标准)——substandard (不够标准的) station (站,所,局)——substation( 分站,分所,分局)super- greater or more than 超级,超过 star (星)——superstar(超级巨星) natural(自然的)——supernatural(超自然的0tele- at or over a long distance, by or for television 远(距离),由(或为)电视 play(戏剧)——teleplay (电视剧) sale(销售)——telesales(电话销售)therm-, thermo- heat 热 chemistry (化学)——thermochemistry (热化学) meter(仪表)——thermometer (温度计)trans- across, on or to the other side of 横越 Atlantic(大西洋)——transatlantic(横渡大西洋的) plant(种植)——transplant (移植)tri- three 三 angle(角)——triangle (三角) cycle(圆圈)——tricycle (三轮摩托车)ultra- beyond ,very, too 超过,极度的 cold(冷的)——ultracold(超冷的) critical(挑剔的)——ultracritical (吹毛求疵的)un- not 不,非 familiar(熟悉的)-unfamiliar(不熟悉的) fair(公平的)——unfair(不公平的)under- too little, below 过少,在…下面 estimate(估计)——underestimate(低估) sea(大海)——undersea(海底的)uni- one, single 单,一 cycle(圆圈)——unicycle(独轮车) direction (方向的)——unidirection (单向的)vice- next in rank below 副 president(总统)——vice-president (副总统) champion(冠军)——vice-president(亚军)二、常用后缀1. 名词后缀-ability, -ibility able(能够的)——ability (能力) possible(可能的)——possibility (可能性)-age post (邮政)——postage(邮资) shrink(收缩)——shrinkage(收缩)-al approve(同意)——approval(同意) refuse(拒绝)——refusal (拒绝)-an, -ian, -arian human (人道的)——humanitarian (人道主义者) library(图书馆)——librarian(图书管理员)-ance, -ence appear(出现)——appearance (出现0 important(重要的)——importance(重要性)-ancy, -ency emerge(出现)——emergency(出现) expect(期待)——expectancy(期待)-ant, -ent consult(咨询)——consultant(顾问) study(学习)——student (学生)-cy bankrupt(破产的)——bankruptcy(破产) fluent(流利的)——fluency (流利)-dom free(自由的)——freedom(自由) wise(明智的)——wisdom(智慧)-ee Employ(雇佣)——employee(雇员) Train(训练)——trainee(受训者)-er,-or, -ar worke (工作)——worker(工人) conduct (传导)——conductor(导体) school(学校)——scholar(学者)-ery brave(勇敢的)——bravery (勇气) cook (烹调)——cookery (烹调法)-ese China (中国)——Chinese(中国人) Japan(日本)——Japanese (日本人)-ess god(神)——goddess(女神) poet(诗人)——poetess(女诗人)-ful hand(手)——handful (一把的量) spoon(匙)——spoonful (一匙的量)-hood neighbor(邻居)——neighborhood(临近地区) child(儿童)——childhood(童年0-ics acrobat(杂技演员)——acrobatics (杂技) linguist(语言学家)——linguistics(语源学)-ion, -ition, -ation collect(收集)——collection(收集) compose(创作)——composition(作文) situate(使位于)——situation(位置,地点)-ism Marx(马克思)——Marxism (马克思主义) social(社会的)——socialism(社会主义)-ist type(打字)——typist(打字员) violin(小提琴)——violinist(小提琴手)-ity, -ty author(作者)——authority(权威) cruel(残忍的)——cruelity(残忍)-ment develop(发展)——development(发展) move(运动)——movement(运动)-ology future(未来)——futurology(未来学) psycho(心理分析)——psychology(心理学)-ship friend(朋友)——friendship(友谊) scholar(学者)——scholarship(奖学金)-sion, -ssion decide (决定)——decision (决定) admit(同意)——admission(同意)-ure press(按,压)——pressure (压力) expose(暴露)——exposure (暴露)2、动词后缀-en strength(力量)——strengthen(巩固) wide(宽的)——widen 加宽-ify class(种类)——classify(分类) simple(简单的)——simplify(简化)-ize, -ise modern(现代的)——modernize (使现代化) real(真的)——realize (实现)3.形容词后缀-able, -ible change(变化)——changeable(可变的) divide(分)——divisible(可分的)-al nation(国家)——national (全国的,国家的) nature(自然)——natural (自然的)-an, arian -ian Elizabeth(伊丽莎白)——Elizabethan(伊丽莎白的) Christ(耶稣)——Christian(基督徒的) vegetal(植物的,蔬菜的)——vegetarian(素食者的,吃素的)-ant, -ent differ(不同)——different(不同的) insist(坚持)——insistent(不断的)-ary, -ory element (成分,要素)——elementary (基础的) contradict(与…相反)——contradictory (相反的,矛盾的)-ate consider(考虑)——considerate(考虑周到的) fortune(运气)——fortunate (幸运的)-en wood(木头)——wooden(木头的) wool(羊毛)——woolen(羊毛的)-ese China (中国)——Chinese(中国的) Japan(日本)——Japanese (日本的)-free care(忧虑)——carefree(无忧无虑的) ticket(票)——ticketfree (不用票的)-ful beauty(美)——beautiful(美丽的) shame(羞耻)——shameful(可耻的)-ic, -ical alcohol(酒精)——alcoholic(酗酒的) music(音乐)——musical (音乐的)-ish fool(傻瓜)——foolish(愚蠢的 red(红色)——redish(微红的)-ive decide(决定)——decisive(决定的) create(创造)——creative(有创造力的)-less help(帮助)——helpless(无助的) job(工作)——jobless(失业的)-like child(孩子)——childlike(孩子般的) lady(贵妇)——ladylike(贵妇般的)-ly day(白天,日子)——daily(每日的。日常的) man(男人)——manly(有男子气概的)-ous, -ious danger(危险)——dangerous(危险的) space(空间)——spacious(宽敞的)-some quarrel(吵架)——quarrelsome(喜欢吵架的) trouble(烦恼)——troublesome(使人烦恼的)-ward down(向下)——downward(向下的) home(家)——homeward(回家的)-y hair(毛发)——hairy (多毛的) noise(喧闹声)——noisy(喧闹的)4、副词后缀-ly happy(快乐的)——happily(快乐地) fluent(流利的)——fluently(流利地)-ward, -wards east(东)——eastward(s) (向东地) up(向上)——upward(s) (向上地)-wise like(像)——likewise(同样地) other(其他)——otherwise(在其他方面)
2023-01-07 16:50:551

虚拟语气用法

虚拟语气是一项语法难点,为了让学员们便于理解与记忆,我们把虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论: 1.名词从句中的虚拟语气 标志词+should+动词原形 2.条件从句中的虚拟语气 ①三种基本态 ②倒装虚拟句 ③混时虚拟句 ④含蓄虚拟句 ⑤跳层虚拟句 3.其它情形中的虚拟语气(wish/would rather/It"s high time…/If only…/lest) 一.三种基本形态(1) 表虚拟的时间 if从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 现在: did / were would (should, might, could)+do 过去: had done/ had been would (should/might/could)+have done(been) 将来: were to/ should+do would (should, might, could)+do 三种基本形态(2)(这是基础,建议牢记下面的例句,争取能脱口而出) 与现在事实相反:If I had enough money, I would buy a book. 与过去事实相反:If I had had enough money, I would have bought a book. 与将来事实相反:If I were to have enough money, I would buy a book. If I should have enough money, I would buy a book. 二、倒装虚拟句(只能与过去/将来事实相反,省去if,只有三种倒装形式) Had I had enough money, I would have bought a book. Were I to have enough money, I would buy a book. Should I have enough money, I would buy a book. 三、混合时间虚拟语气(主要是抓住时间状语) (对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟) If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now. (对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟) If she were not so careless, she wouldn"t have made such a mistake. 四、含蓄虚拟句(在四级考试中目前还未出现此考点,但在阅读中常见)   3. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural等) that...” 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形。   It"s necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们现在有必要出去散散步。 What would I have done without you? But for their help, I would not have finished the task. But that the doctor arrived on time that day, they would have been dead. Given more time, I would have been able to finish the test. 五、跳层虚拟句(即句子一半为虚拟,另一半为陈述语气;but前句用虚拟而or/otherwise后句用虚拟) (but) He would put on weight, but he doesn"t eat much. (与现在事实相反) He would have put on weight, but he didn"t eat much. (与过去事实相反) (or, or else, otherwise) I forget where I read the article, or I would show it to you now. (与现在事实相反) Mary couldn"t have received my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now. (与过去事实相反) 六、名词从句虚拟语气 (1) ask, advise, beg, command, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, require, recommend, request, suggest, urge等表示命令、要求、建议等含义的动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用(should)+动词原形, eg. I suggest / suggested that we (should) go tomorrow.名词从句虚拟语气 (2) It is +(形容词/过去分词/特定名词)+that的从句中,形容词主要是表示令人吃惊的、重要的、必要的、关键的等词汇。形容词:astonishing, amazing, advisable, appropriate, crucial, desirable, essential, important, imperative, keen, necessary, natural, normal, odd, proper, preferable, strange, sorry, shocked, surprising, urgent, unusual, vital等。名词从句虚拟语气 (3) 过去分词:decided, desired, demanded, ordered, requested, recommended, suggested等;名词:advice, decision, desire, demand, suggestion, motion, pray, resolution, wish, preference, proposal, recommendation, requirement, idea, order等 七、其它虚拟语气 Wish… I wish I knew the answer.(与现在事实相反) I wish I had known the answer. (与过去事实相反) I wish you would shut up. (与将来事实相反) If only… If only I were taller. (与现在事实相反) If only he had followed your advice! (与过去事实相反) If only the rain would stop. (与将来事实相反) It is (high/about) time… It is time you thought about your future. would rather… I would rather you didn"t speak rudely to her. (与现在事实相反) I"d rather you hadn"t spoken rudely to her. (与过去事实相反) Lest…, in case…, for fear that…(引导的是目的状语从句,但可归入第六点(名词从句虚拟),这是因它们答案特征相同,即 (should)+动词原形。eg. He took his umbrella lest it should rain. 大学英语虚拟语气考题总结:答案的特征 1.(should)+动词原形(一般式/被动式/否定式)记住信号词(名词,动词,形容词,分词等)以及lest. 2. 一般过去时:wish/If only…/would rather/It"s time (high/about) that…. 3.基本形式(主要考与过去和将来相反的虚拟语气),特别注意时间状语(混合时间虚拟) 4.倒装的两个时间:与过去,与将来相反;三个形式(Had/Were/Should)提前大写,if省去; 5.but/or/or else/otherwise(跳层虚拟语气) 虚拟语气在四级考试中是一个必考的考点。其中,最常考的是它在宾语从句中的用法。一些表示主观判断、推测、建议、命令和要求的动词通常引起虚拟的宾语从句,此类动词后的宾语从句中采用should +do(其中 should可以省略)的虚拟语气形式。该类动词包括: (1)高中词汇:advise(劝告)、ask(要求)、decide(决定)、insist(坚持)、order(命令)、suggest(建议)等。 (2)四级常考词汇:command(命令)、demand(要求)、desire(渴望)、prefer(宁愿)、propose(提议)、recommend(劝告)、require(要求)等。 (3)其他词汇:consent(同意)、maintain(主张)、move(提议)、urge(极力主张)、vote(提议)等。 例句:I recommend that you be diligent if you want to pass the exam.如果你们想考试及格,我劝你们勤奋学习。 特别提示:在复习时,可以把相似用法归类记忆。当一个动词后面的宾语从句中应使用(should)+do的虚拟语气形式时,则可推理出用法相同的以下一组从句(以动词advise为例): (1)I advise that we stay and wait here.(动词后的宾语从句) (2)It is advised that we stay here.(It is +动词的过去分词+that引导的主语从句) (3)It is advisable that we stay here.(It is +由该动词派生的形容词+that引导的主语从句) (4)My advice is that we stay here.(由该动词转换的名词后面的表语从句) (5)I offered the advice that we stay here.(由该动词转换的名词后面的同位语从句) (6)I think it advisable that we stay here.(由该动词转换的形容词作宾语补足语,it为形式宾语,真正的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气) 以上六类从句中谓语动词都使用了should +do的虚拟语气形式,其中,should可以省略。 由上类动词派生的常考名词有:advice(忠告)、deciion(决定)、demand(要求)、desire(渴望)、order(命令)、 preference(偏爱)、proposal(建议)、recommendation(劝告)、requirement(要求)、suggestion(建议)等。 相关的形容词或过去分词有:advisable(合理的)、 desired(期望的)、desirable(合乎需要的)、insistent(坚持的)、ordered(命令的)、preferable(更可取的)、proposed(建议的)、required(要求的)、urgent(紧迫的)等。 例句:His proposal is that we turn off TV for half an hour every day.(表语从句)他建议我们每天少看半个小时的电视。 It is highly desirable that a new president be appointed for this college.(主语从句)急需为这所大学任命一位新校长。
2023-01-07 16:51:026

英语问题

问题英文
2023-01-07 16:51:407

大家帮忙点拨一下,虚拟语气是怎么用来着,好久没用都忘了!

1主语从句中的虚拟语气 主语从句中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些形容词和过去分词,用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异、失望等。其形式为:(should)+动词原形。常这样用的形容词 常这样用的过去分词Appropriate适当的 advisable适当的,合理的 better较好的 desirable理想的 essential紧要的 imperative迫切的 important重要的 insistent坚持的 natural自然地 necessary必要的 preferable优越的,较好的 strange奇怪的 urgent紧迫的 vital 极其重要的 Desired demanded ordered requested suggested recommended required 例如:It is essential that you (should) win the voters" hearts.赢得选民的心是绝对必要的。It was suggested that he (should ) join the club activities.有人提议他应该参加俱乐部的活动。2表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求用虚拟语气。其形式为:(should)+动词原形。常这样用的名词有: Resolution决心,决议 pray恳求 decision 决议 motion提议 suggestion建议 Preference选择 proposal建议 advice建议 recommendation推荐 desire愿望 Demand要求 requirement要求 order命令 necessity必要性 request 要求 Idea 主意,想法例如:He gave orders that the guests (should )be hospitably entertained.他下命令热情款待这些客人。His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.他提议我们应该摈弃这些不良习性。3宾语从句中的虚拟语气(1) 某些动词后所接的宾语从句中谓语动词要求用虚拟语气,用来表示建议、命令、要求等。其形式为:(should)+动词原形。:常这样用的动词有 Ask 要求 advise 劝告 determine决定 decide决定 command命令 insist坚持 intent打算 move提议 prefer宁愿 propose提议 order命令 Recommend推荐 request要求 require要求 suggest建议 urge主张 Demand渴望 direct 命令例如:He insisted that the meeting be put off他要求推迟那个会议。They proposed that all the plans should be discussed at the meeting他们建议所有的计划都应该在会上讨论。(2) 在以it 为形式主语的复合宾语从句中也用虚拟语气,其形式为:(should)+动词原形。这一句型中使用的形容词(宾补)与主语从句中的虚拟语气所使用的形容词一致。例如:We think it advisable that he (should) think deeply before acting,我们认为他在行动之前好好考虑一下才是明智的。(3)wish 后面所跟的宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示某种不能实现的愿望。其形式为:表示对现在情况的虚拟:wish+主语+动词过去式或were表示对过去情况的虚拟:wish+主语+had+过去分词表示对将来情况的虚拟:wish+主语+would+动词原形例如:I wish I knew what was going to happen但愿我能知道要发生什么事。She wished she had stayed at home她懊悔的是她当时要是在家就好了。I wish I were rich我恨不得我很富有。注:在表示对过去情况的虚拟的时候,有时也用如下形式:Wish+主语+would(could)+have+过去分词I wish Icould have seen her last night要是我昨天晚上能够见到她该有多好。4 if 条件句中的虚拟语气(1) if 非真是条件句所表示的假设是不可能或不太可能发生或实现的,句中的主语与从句都用虚拟语气。假设类型 条件从句谓语动词形式 主语谓语动词形式与现在事实相反 动词过去式(be 用were) Should(would,could,might)+动词原形与过去事实相反 Had+过去分词 Should(would,could,might)+have+过去分词与将来事实可能相反 动词过去式(should+动词原形,were to+动词原形) Should(would,could,might)+动词原形(2)在正式文体中,有时可把虚拟条件句中的if省去,而将were ,had,should等助动词(不包括行为动词)提到主语前面。如果句中没有were,had ,should等时,就既不能省略if,也不能倒装。例如: Were I to meet him tomorrow(=If I were to meet him tomorrow),I should ask him about it.要是我明天见到他,我就会问他这件事的Had I had the money last year(=If I had had the money last year),I would have bought the house.如果我去年有了这笔钱的话,我就买那所房子了。Should there be any trouble with the boiler,the automatic controlling unit would cut off the fuel oil supply .假如锅炉出问题的话自控装置就会自动切断燃油的供给。(3)有时主句和从句中谓语动词所指的时间是不一致的,这时可根据上下文来采用不同的谓语动词形式。例如:If I were you ,I would have taken his advice.如果我是你,我就采纳他的建议。If the weather had been mor favorable ,the crop would be growing still better.如果气候更适宜一些的话,庄稼会长得更好。5含蓄虚拟条件句(1) 有时假设的情况不以条件从句的形式表现出来,而是通过一个介词短语或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有:without,but for,but that,otherwise,or,but等。例如:Without your help(=if we had not had you help),we could not have succeeded.要是没有你的帮助,我们就不会成功的。But for electriciry(=if there weir no electriciry),there would be no modern industry.要是没有电,就不会有现代工业。I should have returned the book last week,but I was so busy that I forgot to do so.我本来应该在上周规划那本书的,但我太忙,把这事给忘了。He was having a meeting with his students,otherwise he would have come over to help us .他当时正与他的学生进行讨论,否则的话他就来帮助我们了。He felt very tired yesterday,or he would have attended the party.他昨天很累,不然他就会参加那个聚餐了。(2) 在某些暗含虚拟条件的简单句中,虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来。谓语动词用should/would be 型 和should/would have been 虚拟形式。例如:任何人处在他的位置上都会那么做的。你本应来得早点。6其他句型中的虚拟语气(1)在would rather,would sooner,would just as soon,might as well 和would prefer 等后面所跟的从句中,也可用虚拟语气,表示愿望,其形式为:Would rather(would sooner……)+主语谓语动词过去式表示现在或将来的情况Would rather (would sooner……)主语 动词过去完成时表示过去的情况(2)在句型“It is(high/about) time ….”后面也跟虚拟语气,从句中常用过去式。有时也用“(should)+动词原形”,意思是“该是……的时候了”It is high time (that)the weather improved天气真该好起来了。It is time that the boy (should)go to school(3)在“if only”引起的感叹句中也要求用虚拟语气,表示愿望。其形式为:用过去时或“would/could+动词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。例如:If only you would listen to our advice要是你听我们的建议就好了。If only I had not been busy last week!要是上周我不忙该有多好!(4)连接词“in case,lest,for fear that”可用来引起虚拟语气。其形式为:….lest (in case,for fear that)+主语+should+动词原形。其中,lest,for fear that 句中的should 可省去,in case 中的should 不可省略,且in case 中可用陈诉语气。例如:He took his coat with him in caxe it should rain.他带着雨衣以防下雨。I will not make a noise for fear that I (should /would) disturb you.我不会做声,以免打扰你。Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow (should) occur.在使用这一方法时要小心谨慎,以免发生溢流现象。
2023-01-07 16:52:111

虚拟语气的具体用法

虚拟语气就是说话时的一种情感,表建议、遗憾、批评等等。 条件句中;一个词语或短语后加从句虚拟,英语都是漠漠忽忽的,一个语法先记住那几大类,再看个别特殊的。就是一般与特殊
2023-01-07 16:52:182

请解答。I donot think it advisible that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.

这个句子是对的。因为从句前有advisible。该词特点是后面跟从句时谓语应为should加动词原形,可以省略。故:Tom should be assigned to....中省略了should.
2023-01-07 16:52:272

求新概念第三册重点单词

Mmagic a.有魔力的 magnetize vt.使磁化 magpie n.任意收藏的收藏者 maid-servant n.女拥人 mainland n.大陆 maintain vt.坚持认为 major a.重大的 mammoth n.长毛象 mania n.(医)颠狂,狂躁,癖好,狂热 man-made a.人造的 manned a.载人的 mantis n.螳螂 manual a.体力的 manufacturer n.生产者 marble n.弹子 march vi.行军 marking n.标记 marking n.条纹 marquis n.侯爵 Mars n.火星 mass n.大量 masterpiece n.杰作 match n.比赛 match vt.与...匹敌 material n.物质 mathematical a.数学的 meadow n.草地 means n.方法 mechanic n.机修工 medical n.医学 medicine n.医学 meet vt.与...对抗 memory n.纪念 mental a.精神的,脑力的 mentally ad.内心里 mention n.提及 mere a.仅仅的 mete vt.给予 meter n.电表 Miami迈阿密(美国港市) microscopic a.微小的 midday n.正午 midst n.中部 mighty a.巨大的 mildly ad.略微地,适度地 milestone n.里程碑 military a.军事的 milometer n.计程表 miniature a.小型的 ministry n.部 minor a.较小的 miracle n.奇迹 mirth n.高兴 miserable a.使人难受的 misery n.苦楚 misfortune n.灾祸 miss vt.避开 missing a.失踪的 mistaken a.错误的 mixture n.混合物 model car n.汽车模型 model clothes时装 modern-looking a.时髦的 modest a.不过分的 monastery n.修道院 money-box n.储蓄罐 monk n.修道士,僧侣 monotonous a.单调的 monstrous a.(加强语气)极大的 moonlight n.月光 moor vt.系舶(船只) mortally ad.致命地 moth n.飞蛾 motionless a.不动的 motor-way n.快车道 mow vt.割 much-travelled a.旅游多的 mud n.泥 muffled a.捂住的,低沉的 mumble vt.咕哝 mumble vi.咕哝,含糊不清说话 muster vt.鼓起 musty a.发霉的 mysteriously ad.神秘地 Llabyrinth n.迷宫 lack vi.缺少 landing n.着陆 landshape n.景色 largely ad.在很大程度上 last n.最后一次 launch vt.使(船)下水 lavishly ad.慷慨地 law n.法律 lawn-mower n.草坪割草机 laying-out n.布置 lead n.领先 lead vi.通往 lead vt.过日子 learner n.初学者 legendary a.传奇似的 leisure n.空闲 leisurely a.悠闲的 length n.根,段 level n.水平 level n.阶层 life work毕生的事业 life-boat n.救生艇 lift n.电梯 lift vt.拿起 likely ad.很可能 like-minded a.志趣相投的 lime-stone n.石灰石 line vt.沿...排列 liner n.定期航班船 lines n.台词 link n.链环 liquid a.液态的 list vt.列举 listener n.听众 litter vt.在...上放杂乱东西 living accomodation n.生活舱 living creature n.生灵 load vt.装 load n.(车、船的)装载量 lobster n.龙虾 locate vt.确定...地点,找出 locate vt.位于 lodge vt.提出(申诉等) log book n.航海日志 loneliness n.孤独 lonely a.寂寞的 long-lost a.失踪很久的 look-out n.嘹望员 loose a.散乱的 lord n.勋爵 loss n.失去,损失 lovable a.可爱的 lubricate vt.使润滑 luggage n.行李 lull vt.催眠 lure vt.引诱,吸引 lurk vi.潜伏 luscious adj.甘美的 luxury n.佳肴 Kkeen a.热心的 ken n.见识 kidnapper n.拐子,绑架者 knowledgable a.有见识的 knowledge n.知识,学问Jjacket n.茄克衫 jeweller n.珠宝商 jewellery n.(总称)珠宝 jigsaw puzzle n.拼板玩具 join vt.连接,衔接 journalist n.新闻记者 judge n.法官 judge vt.判断 juncture n.时刻,关头 jungle n.丛林 junior n.等级低的 junk n.破烂货 justice n.正义 justified a.正当的,合理的 Justiteombudsman n.国会司法物派员Iiceberg n.冰山 icy a.冰冷的 ideal a.理想的 identity n.身分 idyllic a.田园诗的 ignorance n.无知 illogical a.不合逻辑的 ill-treat vt.不友好地对待,虐待 illusion n.幻觉 illustrate vt.说明 imaginary a.想像的 imagine vt.想像 imitate vt.仿效 immaculate a.清洁的 immediately ad.紧挨着地 immensity a.优美的 immortal a.不朽的 impatient a.不耐烦的 import duty进口税 impress vt.印,盖印,留下印象 impression n.印象;压痕 impressive a.给人深刻印象的 imprison vt.关押 improbable a.不大可能的 impulse n.冲动 inaccessible a.达不到的 including prep.包括 incompetent a.不称职的 inconceivable a.不可思议的 incorrect a.不正确的 increasingly ad.日益 incredible a.难以相信的 independence n.独立 indicate vt.表明 indiscriminate a.不加选择的 individual a.个别的 individual n.个人 industious a.勤劳的 industry n.勤劳 infinitely ad.无限地 inflatable a.可膨胀的,充气的 influence vt. n.影响 informal a.不拘礼节,随便的 information n.情报,资料 ingenuity n.机灵 ingredient n.配料 inhabitant n.居民,住户 injure vt.伤害 injury n.受伤处 innocence n.无辜 inquisitive a.爱打听的 inscribe vt.刻,雕 insect n.昆虫 insignificant a.无意义的 insist vt.坚持 insistent a.逼人注意的 inspector n.巡官 install vt.安装 instance n.例子 instantly ad.立即 instinct n.本能冲动;本能 instinctively ad.本能地 instrument n.仪器 insurmountable a.不可克服的 intellectual n.知识分子 intelligent a.智慧的 intensely ad.强烈地 intention n.意向 interest n.利益 interest vt.使...感兴趣 interference n.干预 internal a.内部的 interview n.接见 intimidate vt.恐吓 intoxicate vt.使陶醉,醉人 introduce vt.引进 intruder n.入侵者 invariably ad.常常,总是 investigate vt.调查 investigate vt.调查 inveterate a.积习难改的 invisible a.无形的 involve vt.牵涉 ironically ad.讽刺地 irritating a.气人的 item n.物件,东西 ivory n.象牙 Hhair-oil n.头发油 halt n.停止 hammer vi.锤击 hand-made a.手工制作的 handy man n.能工巧匠 happily ad.高兴地 hardened a.老练的 harm n.害处 hasty a.匆忙的 hate vt.恨 haul vt.拖曳 haunted a.闹鬼的 hawser n.粗缆绳 hay n.干草 headlight n.(汽车等的)前灯 health inspector n.卫生检查官 heat-wave n.热浪(意即炎热) hen n.母鸡 hero n.男主人公,男主角 heroine n.女主人公 high-handed a.专横的 highly ad.高度地 highway n.公路 hinder vt.妨碍 hip n.臀部 hire vt.出租给 hire vt.租,雇 historian n.历史学家 hoarding n.收藏,贮藏 hoax n.戏弄 hobble vi.跛行 hollow a.空心的 holly n.冬青属植物 honestly ad.诚实地 horde n.群 horizon n.地平线 horn n.喇叭 horrify vt.使震惊 horror n.恐惧 hospitable a.好客的 hostile a.有敌意的,不友好的 house vt.收藏 human a.有人性的 human being n.人类 human frame n.身躯 hunt n.捕捉 hunt vt.打猎 hunt n.捕捉 hunting n.狩猎 hurricane n.飓风 hypnotize vt.使入迷Ggaily ad.愉快地 gallery n.美术馆 gangster n.暴徒,歹徒 gaoler n.(监狱)看守 gap n.裂口 gather vi.聚集 gathering n.集会 gear n.用具 gear n.(汽车等的)排挡 general a.普遍的 gentle a.从容的 gentleman n.绅士 genuine a.真正的 genuinely ad.由衷地 geological a.地质的 gesticulate vi.打手势 glare vi.怒目注视 gleaming a.闪闪发光的 glint vi.闪烁 glisten vi.闪烁 glove n.手套 glow n.白热光 goat n.山羊 goddess n.女神 good n.好处 good-humouredly ad.和气地 grab vt.强夺 graceful a.优美的 gradually ad.逐渐地 gramophone record n.留声机唱片 grant vt.同意 grapple vt.抓住 grateful a.感激的 grave a.严重的 grave n.坟墓 grease n.润滑油 greedily ad.贪婪地 greet vt.冲鼻 greetings n.问候 greyish a.淡灰色的 grievance n.不平,不满 grieve v.(使)悲痛,(使)伤心,忧伤 grinding a.嘎嘎响的 grocer n.杂货商 grudge vt.舍不得,不愿给 guard‘‘s van n.列车员车厢 guest n.客人 guest-room n.客房 guilt n.罪行 guilty a.感到有罪的 guinea n.几尼(英国金币)Fface vt.面临 fail vi.停止作用 faint a.微弱的 faintly ad.微微地 faith n.信任 faithfully ad.诚恳地 falter vi.结结巴巴地说出 fame n.名声,名望 family home家乡 fanciful a.想像出来的 fancy vt.喜欢 fantastic a.大得难以置信的 farm hand n.农场工人 farm labourer n.农场劳动者 farmhouse n.农舍 fascination n.魅力 fashion n.时髦 fasten vt.系牢 fat n.油脂 favour n.恩惠 favourably ad.有利地 favourate n.特别喜爱的事物 fee n.费 feeling n.感觉 fellow-actor n.(唱戏时的)搭档 fend vt.挡开(与off连用) ferry vt.渡运 fetch vt.(去)拿来,请来 fete n.节目 fickleness n.易变 fiction n.小说 fiercely ad.猛烈地 figure n.人影;人物 figure n.数字 file n.案卷 film show n.放映的电影 final a.最后的 find n.收藏品 find n.发现物 fingerprint n.手指印 fire vt.解雇 fire-brigade n.消防队 fireplace n.壁炉 firmly ad.牢牢地 fissure n.裂缝 fist n.拳 fit vt.安装 fit vi.适合 flash vi.闪光 flash vt.闪烁 flat n.一套房间 flaw n.缝隙 flee vi.逃走 flicker vi.闪烁 float n.浮船坞 float vt.漂浮 flood vt.注满水 flooding n.洪水泛滥 Florence佛罗伦萨(意大利城市) Florentine n.佛罗伦萨人 flourish n.戏剧性动作 fly n.苍蝇 fog n.雾 follow vt.遵照 footnote n.脚注 forbidding a.令人生畏的 foresight n.预见 foretell vt.预言 forgive vt.宽恕,原谅 form n.形式,形体 form vt.构思出 formidable a.难以对付的 fortune n.大量财产 found vt.建立 foundation n.地基 fragment n.碎片 freckle n.雀斑 free vt.释放 freedom n.自由 frequency n.频繁 frequent a.频繁的 frequently ad.经常 fresco n.壁画 fresh a.精神饱满的 frighten vt.惊吓 frontier n.国境线 frustration n.挫折 fry vt.油煎 fulfil vt.达到(目的),实现 full-length a.全身的 fumble vt.乱摸 fun n.乐趣 fundamental a.根本的 funeral n.葬礼 further a.更多的 furthermore ad.而且,此外 fuse vi.保险丝烧断不通电 fussy a.大惊小怪的 future a.未来的Eeagerly ad.急切地 earn vt.挣得 ease n.容易 easily ad.容易地 Easter n.(耶稣)复活节 eccentric n.古怪人 eccentricity n.怪僻 economic a.经济上的 editor n.编辑 eerie a.引起恐惧的 effective a.有效的 efficiency n.效率 efficient a.效率高的 effortlessly a.不费力地 elaborate a.精心构思的 elder n.长辈 Electricity Board供电局 electronic a.电子的 element n.成分 embark vt.着手 embark vi.开始,从事 embed vt.埋 emerge vt.出现 emigrate vi.移居(国外) eminent a.杰出的 emit vt.放射 emotionally ad.感情上 enclosure n.围场,围栏 encouragingly ad.鼓励地 end n.结束 energy n.能力 engage vt.使啮合 engrave vt.雕刻 enjoyable a.愉快的 enlinghtened a.开明的 entertain vt.抱有,怀有 entertain vt.招待 entertainment n.消遣,娱乐enthusiasm n.热情 enthusiast n.热衷者 entrance vt.使出神 entry n.进入 envious a.嫉妒的 equal vt.等于 equally ad.同样 equator n.(前加the)赤道 equip vt.配备 equipment n.设备 era n.时代 erase vt.消除 error n.错误 escapist n.会消遣的人 essential a.基本的 estimate vt.估计 eve n.除夕 event n.事件 Everest n.珠穆朗玛峰 evidence n.证据 evidence n.证据 evolve vt.使逐渐形成 exact a.确切的 example n.实例 exception n.例外 exceptionally ad.例外地 exchange vt.交换 exclusive a.独占的 exempt a.被免除的 exert vt.施加 exhaust vt.使精疲力竭 exhausted a.精疲力竭的 exhibit n.陈列品 exhilarating a.使人高兴的 existence n.存在 experience vt.经历 expert cook烹调能手 explore vt.考察,勘探 express n.快车 expression n.表达 extend vi.延伸 extinct a.灭绝的 extol vt.颂扬 extraordinarily ad.特别地 extraordinarily ad.特别地 extraordinary a.离奇的 extravagant a.侈奢的 extreme n.极端 Ddangle vi.摇摇晃晃 dash vi.冲 dashboard n.仪表板 Dauphine Alps多芬阿尔卑斯山 dawdle vt.慢吞吞地前进 dawn n.黎明 dawn vi.渐被理解 daylight n.白昼 deal vi.对待(与with连用) dealer n.商人 dear a.亲爱的;昂贵的 debt n.债 deception n.欺骗 deck n.甲板 declare vt.申报(纳税物) decorate vt.布置 decorate vt.装饰 decry vt.诋毁 dedicate vt.奉献 dedicated a.潜心的 deduce vt.推断 deer n.鹿 defence n.防护 definite a.一定的 degree n.程度 delay vt.耽搁,延误 delay n.耽搁 deliberately ad.仔细考虑地,故意地 deliberately ad.故意地 delicacy n.精美的食物 delicate a.淡色的 delight n.高兴 delightful a.令人高兴的 delusion n.幻想 demand n. vt.需要 democratic a.民主的 demonstrate vt.证明 dense a.稠密的 deny vt.拒绝 departure n.离开 dependent a.依赖的 depict vt.描绘 depth n.深度 descend vi.突然去访问 description n.描述 description n.描述 desert a.无人居住的 desert vt.擅离 deserted a.无人的 desire n.欲望 despise vt.鄙视 despite prep.尽管 destination n.目的地 destroy vt.毁掉 detail n.细节 detailed a.详细的 detective a.侦探的 develop vt.产生 devise vt.设计;想出 devour vt.狼吞虎咽地吃 diagnose vt.诊断 dignity n.尊严 dim a.昏暗的 diminish vi.减少 dimly ad.不清楚地 dinghy n.救生橡皮筏,小船 direct vt.指引 direct ad.直接 direct a.直接的 disadvantage n.不利 disappear vi.失踪,消失 disappearance n.失踪 disappointing a.令人失望的 disaster n.灾难 discard vt.丢弃 discovery n.发现 discreetly ad.谨慎地 disembark vi.上岸 dish n.一道菜 disillusion vt.使幻想破灭 dislike vt.厌恶 dislocate vt.使混乱 dismantle vt.拆卸 dismiss vt.解雇 disordered a.混乱的 disregard vt.不顾;漠视,无视 distasteful a.讨厌的 distinguish vi.区别 distinguished a.杰出的,著名的 disturbing a.令人不安的 disused vt.废弃,不用 dive vi.头先入水地跳入 diversion n.改道 diving n.跳水 do-it-yourself自己动手 dome n.穹窿,圆顶 domestic a.家里的 don‘‘ts n.禁止的事 door-way n.门口 do‘‘s n.要求做到的事 dot n.点 doubt n.怀疑 doubtful a.可疑的 downfall n.垮台 doze vi.瞌睡(与off连用) dozen n.十二个 drain n.排水沟 drainage n.排水 dramatic a.扣人心弦的 dramatically ad.戏剧性地 draw vt.画,划 draw vt.提取 draw vi.(向某一方向)移动 drawer n.抽屉 drawing-room n.客厅 dread vt.害怕 dread n.畏惧,恐怖 dreadful a.可怕的 drill n.钻 drilling vessel n.钻探船 drip vi.滴下 drunk a.(常作表语)醉的 dubious a.可疑的 due a.预定应到的
2023-01-07 16:52:371

despite,despite of,in despite of用法. 为什么选B?

首先搞清几个词和短语的用法: despite 尽管;虽然(是介词,后跟名词或代词,构成介词短语) Despite the difficulties he threw himself into the research. 尽管困难重重,他还是全身心投入了调查研究. despite all that尽管如此 (作状语,要用逗号与句子的主干隔开) Despite all that,tourism is still making modest progress. 尽管如此,旅游业依然有适度的发展. despite of没有这个短语,应为: in despite of 尽管 We started for the tour in despite of the heavy rain. 尽管下大雨,我们还是出发去旅行. We shall be victorious in despite of difficulties. 不管有什么困难,我们一定会胜利. 没有in spite that的说法.应为: in spite of不管,不顾;尽管,虽然 (in despite of =in spite of ) He has modern ideas in spite of his great age. 尽管他年事很高,但思想观念却很入时. In spite of the rain he was insistent on going out. 尽管下雨,他仍然坚持外出. 再来分析问题中这个句子: AC选项的短语本身就不正确,首先排除; D选项没有逗号,且用在此处,句意不通. 故选B.Despite 句意:尽管现代马戏团偶尔有意外的暴力事件,但它与很久之前的野蛮的同名物几乎没有关联.
2023-01-07 16:52:421

英语中被动语态和虚拟语气怎么用

这是英语中二个很重要的语法,不是三言两语能讲清的,你可去百度或看语法书,有很多内容。
2023-01-07 16:52:492

虚拟语气

虚拟语气 1.主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些形容词和过去分词,用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等。其形式为:(should)+动词原形。 常这样用的形容词有: appropriate适当的advisable适当的,合理的better较好的desirable理想的essential精华的imperative迫切的important重要的insistent坚持的natural自然的necessary必要的preferable优越的,较好的strange奇怪的urgent紧迫的vital极其重要的 过去分词有: desired, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, recommended, required等。 例如: It is essential that you (should) win the voters"hearts.赢得选民的心是绝对必要的。 It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities.有人提议他应该参加俱乐部的活动。 2.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气。其形式为:(should)+动词原形。 常这样用的名词有: resolution决心,决议pray恳求decision决议motion提议suggestion建议preference选择proposal提议advice劝告recommendation推荐desire愿望demand要求requirement要求order命令necessity必要性request要求idea主意、想法例如: He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained.他下令热情款待这些客人。 His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.他提议我们应该摈弃这些不良习性。 3.宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1)某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气,用来表示建议、命令和要求等。其形式为:(should)+动词原形。常这样用的动词有: ask要求advise劝告determine决定decide决定command命令insist坚持intend打算move提议prefer宁愿propose提议order命令recommend推荐request要求require要求suggest建议urge主张demand要求desire渴望direct命令例如: He insisted that the meeting be put off.他要求推迟那个会议。 They proposed that all the plans should be discussed at the meeting.他们建议所有的计划都应该在会上讨论。 2)在以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以用虚拟语气,其形式为:(should)+动词原形。这一句型中使用的形容词(宾补)与主语从句中的虚拟语气所使用的形容词相同。例如: We think it advisable that he (should) think deeply before acting.我们认为他在行动之前好好考虑一下才是明智的。 3)wish后面所跟的宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示某种不能实现的愿望。 其主要形式有三种: 表示对现在情况的虚拟:wish +主语+动词过去式或were表示对过去情况的虚拟:wish +主语+ had +过去分词表示对将来情况的虚拟:wish +主语+ would +动词原形。 例如: I wish I knew what was going to happen.但愿我能知道要发生什么事。 She wished she had stayed at home.她懊悔的是她当时要是在家就好了。 I wish I were rich.我恨不得我很有钱。 注意:在表示对过去情况的虚拟时,有时也可以用下列形式: wish +主语+ would(could)+ have +过去分词I wish I could have seen her last night.要是我昨天晚上能够见到她那该多好。 4. if条件句中的虚拟语气形式1)if非真实条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的,句中的主句与从句都用虚拟语气。 在if非真实虚拟条件句中,主句和从句谓语动词主要有下面几种形式: 假设类型条件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与现在事实相反动词过去时(be用were)Should(would,could,might)+动词原形与过去事实相反Had +过去分词Should(would,could, might)+ have +过去分词与将来事实可能相反动词过去时(should+动词原形,were to +动词原形)Should(would,could,might)+动词原形 If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk.假如没有引力,我们就不可能行走。 I wouldn"t have known what these were for if I hadn"t been told.假如别人不告诉我,我就不知道这些东西是干什么的了。 2)正式文体中,有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去,而将were,had, should等助动词(不包括行为动词)提到主语前面。如果句中没有were,had或should时,既不能省略if,也不能倒装。例如: Were I to meet him tomorrow (= If I were to met him tomorrow), I should ask him about it.要是我明天见到他,我就会问他这件事的。 Had I had the money last year (= If I had had the money last year), I would have bought the house.如果我去年有了这笔钱,我就买那所房子了。 Should there be any trouble with the boiler, the automatic controlling unit would cut off the fuel oil supply.假如锅炉出问题的话,自控装置会自动切断燃油的供给。 3)通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的,但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。例如: If I were you, I would have taken his advice.我要是你,我就采纳了他的建议。(从句指现在,主句指过去) If the weather had been more favorable, the crop would be growing still better.如果气候更适宜一些,庄稼会长得更好。(从句指过去,主句指现在) 5.含蓄虚拟条件句1)有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来,而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有:without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but等。例如: Without your help (=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.要是没有你的帮助,我们就不会成功的。 But for electricity (= If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry.要是没有电,就不会有现代工业。 He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us.他当时正与他的学生进行讨论,否则的话他就来帮我们了。 He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party.他昨天很累,不然他就参加那个聚会了。 2)在某些暗含虚拟条件的简单句中,虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来。谓语动词用should/ would be形式和should/ would have been虚拟形式。例如: Any men in his position would have done like that.任何人处在他的位置都会那么做的。 You should (ought to) have come earlier.你本应来得早点。 6.其他句型中的虚拟语气1)在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well和would prefer等后面所跟的从句中,也可以用虚拟语气,表示愿望,意为“宁愿、但愿”。其形式为: ①“would rather (would sooner…) +主语+谓语动词过去式”表示现在或将来的情况。 ②“would rather (would sooner) +主语+动词过去完成式”表示过去的情况。例如:I"d rather he didn"t go now.要是他现在不走就好了I"d just as soon you had been here yesterday.要是你昨天在这里就好了。 2)在句型“It is (high/ about) time…”后面也可以跟虚拟语气,从句中常用过去式。有时也用“(should)+动词原形”,意为“该是……的时候了”。例如: It is time that the boy (should) go to school.这个小孩该上学了。 It is high time (that) the weather improved.天气真该好起来了。 3)在“if only”引起的感叹句中也要求用虚拟语气,表示愿望。 形式为:①用过去时或“would/ could +动词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。 ②过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。例如: If only you would listen to our advice.要是你听我们的建议就好了。 If only I had not been busy last week!要是上周我不忙该多好啊! If only she could marry me.但愿她能嫁给我。 注:if only也可以用于虚拟条件句中。例如: If only I had more money, I could buy a car.要是我有更多的钱,我就可以买辆车了。 4)连接词“in case, lest, for fear that”可以用来引导虚拟语气。其形式通常为:“…lest (in case, for fear that) +主语+ should +动词原形”。Lest, for fear that句中的should可以省去,in case句中的should通常不省去,但是in case句中可以不用虚拟语气,而用陈述语气。Lest, for fear that后面也可以接其他形式。例如: He took his coat with him in case it should rain.他带着雨衣以防下雨。 I will not make a noise for fear that I (should/ might) disturb you.我不会做声的,以免打扰你。 Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow (should) occur.在使用这以方法的时候要谨慎小心,以免发生溢流现象。
2023-01-07 16:53:036

关于虚拟语气的详细用法

cc
2023-01-07 16:53:272

persistant是什么意思

persistent 英[pəˈsɪstənt] 美[pərˈsɪstənt] adj. 持续的; 持久的; 坚持不懈的; 坚持不渝; [其他] 形近词: resistent subsistent insistent
2023-01-07 16:53:371

一个关于从句的问题

they found 是插入语,你把它略掉也看看。
2023-01-07 16:53:442

不停的 是哪个单词

non-stopping
2023-01-07 16:53:535

demand of 和 demand for 区别在哪

of表示属性,for是目的希望对你有帮助,望采纳,加油,亲爱的,Happiness与你同在^ ^
2023-01-07 16:54:184

这句英语的语法结构

你说的很对,但是found和hear不一样啊,他们听到的声音和他们发现那个声音具体是什么,意思不同的
2023-01-07 16:55:396

in response to是什么意思

对…做出反应例句:She laughed in response to his jokes. 他的话引起她大笑。 The quick recovery was truly in response to medication. 这次迅速康复确实是对药物治疗的反应。
2023-01-07 16:56:013

in response to是什么意思

回应……采纳我哟!
2023-01-07 16:56:164

in response to是什么意思

在责任方面
2023-01-07 16:56:336

in response to是什么意思

in response to英 [in riˈspɔns tu:] 美 [ɪn rɪˈspɑns tu] 对…做出反应双语例句 The meeting was called in response to a request from Venezuela. 应委内瑞拉的要求召开了这次会议。
2023-01-07 16:56:592

in response to是什么意思

作为对……的回应
2023-01-07 16:57:113

in response to是什么意思

In response to your inquiry... 作为对你提出的查询的答覆…
2023-01-07 16:57:252

in response to是什么意思

对…做出反应
2023-01-07 16:57:372

in response to是什么意思

in response to对…做出反应She laughed in response to his jokes.他的话引起她大笑。
2023-01-07 16:57:492

请问记者彼得@阿内特的英文怎么写?????急!!

Peter ArnettPeter Arnett(出生于1934)是一位新西兰出生新闻工作者。Arnett运作为全国地理杂志,和然后为电视。他是知名的为战争他的覆盖面,包括越南战争和海湾战争。他被授予了1966年普利策奖在国际报告为他的工作在越南,他是存在从1962年到1975年,多半时间报告为美联社通讯社。他变成了尊敬因为某人没有信任什么他没看见与他自己的观点。1994年,Arnett写了活从战场:从越南向巴格达,35年在世界大战区域。海湾战争1999年Arnett工作了为CNN18年结束。在海湾战争期间他全世界变成了一个家喻户哓的事当他变成了唯一的记者以现场转播直接地从巴格达。与二位其它CNN新闻工作者,Bernard·Shaw和约翰·Holliman一起,Arnett带来了连续的覆盖面从巴格达战争(1991的1月17日)16个初期强烈的小时。即使40位外国新闻工作者当时是存在在AlRashid旅馆在巴格达,只有CNN拥有了手段通信对外部世界。其它新闻工作者非常很快离开伊拉克,包括二个CNN同事,左Peter Arnett作为单一记者余留那里。他的报告关于平民损伤由轰炸造成由联合战争管理很好未接受,由对条款的他们恒定的用途象聪明的炸弹和外科精确度设法设想图象平民受害者会是在极小值。在1月25日白宫说Arnett被使用了作为为伊拉克假情报的一个工具,然而CNN收到了一封信从34位议员指控Arnett不爱国的新闻事业。战争开始,Arnett能获得与萨达姆·的一次未审查的采访侯赛因的星期以后。海湾战争变成了第一战争被看见的真实地活在电视,并且Arnett是用许多方式单一球员报告从"对方当事人"五个星期的期间。在1997年3月,Arnett能采访本·拉登,作为第一西部新闻工作者做如此。婴孩牛奶工厂争论Arnett的最有争议的报告的当中一个在海湾战争期间是一个报告关于怎样联合轰炸了一家婴孩牛奶工厂。在报告之后,空军发言人陈述的"许多来源表明,工厂同生物战生产联系在一起"。那天晚些时候,ColinPowell陈述"它是一种生物武器设施,那我们是肯定的"。白宫发言人细索Fitzwater陈述了",工厂是,实际上,生产设施为生物武器,"并且"伊拉克人掩藏了这种设施在婴孩牛奶生产之后门面作为假情报的形式。"粗暴做的手画标志读书"婴孩牛奶的"图象用英语和阿拉伯语在工厂前面,和实验室外套穿戴了在诉讼遏制被缝在读书"婴孩牛奶工厂伊拉克上写字"只被服务对更加进一步看法,据称平民目标由萨达姆·侯赛因简单地做看起来象那,并且Arnett由伊拉克政府欺骗了。标志看上去由伊拉克人增加了在摄像组到达了作为一种便宜的宣传会话策略之前。Newsweek称事件"ham-handed企图描述一个被轰炸的生物武器工厂在巴格达附近作为婴孩惯例工厂。"Arnett保留了牢固。他游览了工厂在早先8月,和是迫切的,"任何其他它,它导致了婴儿惯例"。被描述作为是一个确实的堡垒由五角大楼,Arnett报告了看只一卫兵在门和很多搽粉的婴孩牛奶,陈述""尽量我能告诉您对此,"他仔细地补充说。"它看起来足够无辜从什么我们能看。"。CNN摄像组被邀请游览这个工厂上1990年8月。他们录影了工作者穿新制服以在上写字在英国读书,"伊拉克婴孩牛奶厂。"通讯员,理查·Roth,是疑神疑鬼那时对工厂的真实性的和表达的疑义当他宣扬了他的报告。Arnett没有表达这样怀疑。采访以后,帮助了修造它的工厂的法国承包商,Michel·Wery,1979年接受了他阐明的采访,工厂单一地生产婴孩牛奶当它开始了,并且未被装备养殖病原生物。1980年工厂,他说,关闭了当最后法国技术员工作为他的公司离开巴格达。没人从Wery的公司从那以后回来。Wery认为他听见了生产重新开始了在联合国禁运去年秋天放在适当的位置之后,但他怀疑是否那是可能的在10年的暂时平息以后。在工厂中是至少四次因为进行修理的二位牛奶店技术员;你象最近阐明,在访问期间1990年5月,说,这是所有正常牛奶店设备并且工厂实际上是罐装牛奶粉末。可疑制服缝实际上作为原始的制服的部分由法国人供应,并且英尺长度显示制服实际上被射击了在1990年8月。一部分的问题在和解各种各样的美国和外国帐户是,政府官员认为他们由证券考虑强迫了从确切地显露怎么他们知道关于工厂。同时,新西兰技术员和法国建造者没有在工厂在5月以后,无法是肯定什么发生了在他们的离开以后。白宫报告分流了此时。一位官员声称1990年工厂被转换了。另声称这是"备用"bioweapons设施,未被转换。三认为,这不是bioweapons设施,但是它使用使项目关键对bioweapons研究;所有三被要求的知情人信息。在一个机要备忘录从1992年12月,国务院雇员讨论工厂的问题和报告,没有暗藏的分庭或不适当的机械,并且看起来是一家完全正常工厂为生产搽粉的牛奶。图象工厂进行了证券修改从5月1990年。在这些之中是伪装油漆在所有大厦在复合体,证券篱芭,和安置二个Sa2表面宣扬导弹电池。另外,伊拉克人声称他们得到搽粉的牛奶为工厂从Nestl3e,但是假的Nestl3e认为。他们说他们未提供产品给这个工厂。ColinPowell基于总统一份简报每星期在工厂被轰炸了之前。Powell告诉了布什总统,情报根据从代理在伊拉克里面阐明,伊拉克人修改了工厂入一个生物武器工厂。行动Tailwind1998年Arnett叙述一个合资企业在CNN和时代杂志之间叫NewsStand,描述了什么他称"行动Tailwind。"报告认为1970年,美国陆军使用了沙林反对一个小组离开美国战士在老挝。在反应,五角大楼委任了其它报告抗辩CNN"s.CNN随后缩回了故事在进行一次内部调查以后,并且一定数量的人负责对报告被解雇了或被迫使辞职。Arnett由他的雇主谴责了,并且他的合同未被更新。采访在伊拉克在任务为美国全国广播公司和全国地理,2003年Arnett去伊拉克报道美国入侵。在新闻会议那里他授予了一次采访国立伊拉克电视在2003年3月31日之后,他陈述了,"现在美国重新评估战场,延迟战争反对伊拉克,可能一个星期和重写战争计划。第一计划无法由于伊拉克抵抗。现在他们设法写其它计划。如此我们的报告关于平民受害者这里,关于伊拉克军队的抵抗,去回到美国。它帮助那些反对战争当您质询政策开发他们的论据。"当Arnett的评论引起了抗议"火暴",美国全国广播公司最初地辩护了他,说他接受了采访作为专业礼貌和他的评论是"分析的在本质里"。一天以后,虽然,美国全国广播公司,MSNBC和全国地理所有被切断他们的与Arnett的关系。以回应关于伊拉克电视的Arnett的声明,公司陈述,"它是错误为Arnett先生授予与state-controlled伊拉克人电视的一次采访,特别一次战争和它是错误使他讨论他的个人观察和看法。"Arnett反应了,"我愚笨的判断错误将度过十五分钟在与伊拉克television.I的一次即兴采访根本上说在那次采访什么我们全部知道战争,有是延迟在实施政策,那里是惊奇。"那天晚些时候,Arnett由英国的小报报纸聘用了每日镜子,反对战争。他并且两三天以后被分配了到希腊电视频道网络电视,和比利时人VTM。行情Arnett引述一名美军官员在越南,当询问背景至于对重的火炮的使用反对一个小村庄。不管Arnett被做这或不是争执,因为官员在考虑中无法记住做声明:"我们必须毁坏村庄为了储蓄它。"当要求萨达姆·侯赛因如果他体会他由不让步犯了一个错误由科威特在联合,萨达姆的坚持被回答:"我不后果的关心,阿拉是在我旁边在这奋斗中。"当问2003年什么他打算做在被射击从美国全国广播公司以后:"有一个小海岛,居住在南太平洋,我将设法游泳。"外在链接与Arnett的CNN采访,看后面沙漠风暴Arnett在他的本·拉登采访全国地理火Peter Arnett2003年Arnett的有争议的评论CNN抄本被做Washingtion岗位条款在2003采访尝试Arnett为谋反,参议员说-条款在辛辛那提察问者被解雇的CNN新闻工作者在Arnett解雇公平:CNN"s"Tailwind"和有选择性的媒介收缩_________________________________________PETER ARNETTPeter Arnett is a New Zealand-born journalist. Arnett worked for National Geographic magazine, and then for television. He is well known for his coverage of war, including the Vietnam War and the Gulf War. He was awarded the 1966 Pulitzer Prize in International Reporting for his work in Vietnam, where he was present from 1962 to 1975, most of the time reporting for the Associated Press news agency. He became respected as someone who did not trust anything he had not seen with his own eyes. In 1994, Arnett wrote Live from the Battlefield: From Vietnam to Baghdad, 35 Years in the World"s War Zones.The Gulf WarArnett worked for CNN for 18 years ending in 1999. During the Gulf War he became a household name worldwide when he became the only reporter with live coverage directly from Baghdad. Together with two other CNN journalists, Bernard Shaw and John Holliman, Arnett brought continuous coverage from Baghdad for the 16 initial intense hours of the war . Even though 40 foreign journalists were present at the Al-Rashid Hotel in Baghdad at the time, only CNN possessed the means to communicate to the outside world. Very soon the other journalists left Iraq, including the two CNN colleagues, which left Peter Arnett as the sole reporter remaining there. His reports on civilian damages caused by the bombing were not received well by the coalition war administration, who by their constant use of terms like smart bombs and surgical precision had tried to project an image that civilian casualties would be at a minimum. On January 25 the White House said Arnett was used as a tool for Iraqi disinformation, while CNN received a letter from 34 Members of Congress accusing Arnett of unpatriotic journalism. The week after that start of the war, Arnett was able to obtain an uncensored interview with Saddam Hussein. The Gulf War became the first war seen truly live on TV, and Arnett was in many ways the sole player reporting from the "other side" for a period of five weeks. In March 1997, Arnett was able to interview Osama bin Laden, as the first western journalist to do so.The Baby Milk Factory ControversyOne of Arnett"s most controversial reports during the Gulf War was a report on how the coalition had bombed a baby milk factory. Shortly after the report, an Air Force spokesman stated "Numerous sources have indicated that the factory is associated with biological warfare production". Later that day, Colin Powell stated "It was a biological weapons facility, of that we are sure". White House spokesman Marlin Fitzwater stated "That factory is, in fact, a production facility for biological weapons," and "The Iraqis have hidden this facility behind a facade of baby-milk production as a form of disinformation." The image of a crudely-made hand-painted sign reading "Baby Milk" in English and Arabic in front of the factory, and a lab coat dressed in a suit containing stitched lettering reading "BABY MILK PLANT IRAQ" only served to further the perception that purportedly civilian targets were simply being made to look like that by Saddam Hussein, and that Arnett was duped by the Iraqi government. The sign appeared to have been added by the Iraqis before the camera crews arrived as a cheap publicity ploy. Newsweek called the incident a "ham-handed attempt to depict a bombed-out biological-weapons plant near Baghdad as a baby-formula factory." Arnett remained firm. He had toured the plant in the previous August, and was insistent that "Whatever else it did, it did produce infant formula". Described as being a veritable fortress by the Pentagon, Arnett reported seeing only one guard at the gate and a lot of powdered baby milk, stating ""That"s as much as I could tell you about it," he added carefully. "It looked innocent enough from what we could see.". A CNN camera crew had been invited to tour this plant last August 1990. They videotaped workers wearing new uniforms with lettering in English reading, "Iraq Baby Milk Plant." The correspondent, Richard Roth, was suspicious at that time and expressed doubts about the authenticity of the plant when he aired his report. Arnett expressed no such suspicions. Interviewed later, the plant"s French contractor who helped build it, Michel Wery, gave an interview in which he stated that the plant was producing solely baby milk when it started up in 1979, and was not equipped to breed pathogens. The plant closed in 1980, he said, when the last French technicians working for his company left Baghdad. No one from Wery"s company has been back since then. Wery said he had heard that production had restarted after the United Nations embargo put in place last fall, but he doubted whether that was possible after a 10-year lull. Two dairy technicians who had been in the plant at least four times since to make repairs; one stated that, during a visit as recent of May 1990, said that it was all normal dairy equipment and that the plant was actually canning milk powder. The suspicious uniform stitching was actually part of the original uniforms supplied by the French, and in fact the footage showing the uniforms was shot in August, 1990. Part of the problem in reconciling the various U.S. and foreign accounts is that administration officials said they were constrained by security considerations from revealing exactly how they knew about the plant. At the same time, the New Zealand technicians and the French builder were not at the plant after May and cannot be certain of what happened after their departure. White House reports diverged at this time. One official claimed that the plant was converted in 1990. Another claimed that it was a "backup" bioweapons facility, which had not yet been converted. A third said that it was not a bioweapons facility, but that it was used to make items crucial to bioweapons research; all three claimed insider information. In a confidential memo from December 1992, a State Department employee discussed the issue of the plant and reported that there were no hidden chambers or inappropriate machinery, and that it appeared to be a perfectly normal factory for producing powdered milk. image The plant had undergone security modifications since May of 1990. Amongst these were camouflage paint on all buildings in the complex, a security fence, and the positioning of two SA-2 Surface to air missile batteries. In addition, the Iraqis had claimed that they were getting powdered milk for the plant from Nestlé, but Nestlé said that was false. They said they had supplied no products to this plant. Colin Powell gave the president a briefing a week before the plant was bombed. Powell told President Bush that intelligence based from agents inside Iraq stated that the Iraqis had altered the plant into a biological weapons plant.Operation TailwindIn 1998 Arnett narrated a joint venture between CNN and Time Magazine called NewsStand, which described what he called "Operation Tailwind." The report said that the US Army had used Sarin against a group of deserting US soldiers in Laos in 1970. In response, The Pentagon commissioned another report contradicting CNN"s. CNN subsequently retracted the story after conducting an internal investigation, and a number of the persons responsible for the report were fired or forced to resign. Arnett was reprimanded by his employer, and his contract was not renewed.Interview in IraqOn assignment for NBC and National Geographic, Arnett went to Iraq in 2003 to cover the U.S. invasion. After a press meeting there he granted an interview to state-run Iraq TV on March 31, 2003, in which he stated, "Now America is reappraising the battlefield, delaying the war against Iraq, maybe a week and rewriting the war plan. The first plan has failed because of Iraqi resistance. Now they are trying to write another plan. So our reports about civilian casualties here, about the resistance of the Iraqi forces, are going back to the United States. It helps those who oppose the war when you challenge the policy to develop their arguments." When Arnett"s remarks sparked a "firestorm of protest", NBC initially defended him, saying he had given the interview as a professional courtesy and that his remarks were "analytical in nature". A day later, though, NBC, MSNBC and National Geographic all severed their relationships with Arnett. In response to Arnett"s statement on Iraqi TV, the corporation stated, "It was wrong for Mr. Arnett to grant an interview with state-controlled Iraqi TV, especially at a time of war and it was wrong for him to discuss his personal observations and opinions." Arnett responded, "My stupid misjudgment was to spend fifteen minutes in an impromptu interview with Iraqi television.I said in that interview essentially what we all know about the war, that there have been delays in implementing policy, there have been surprises." Later that day, Arnett was hired by the British tabloid newspaper the Daily Mirror, which opposed the war. A couple of days later he was also assigned to Greek television channel NET television, and Belgian VTM.QuotesArnett quoting a U.S. army officer in Vietnam, when asked about the background for the use of much heavy artillery against a small village. Whether Arnett made this up or not is disputed, as the officer in question cannot remember making the statement: "We had to destroy the village in order to save it." When asking Saddam Hussein if he realized he had made a mistake by not withdrawing from Kuwait at the insistence of the coalition, Saddam answered: "I don"t care of the consequences, Allah is beside me in this struggle." When asked what he intended to do after being fired from NBC in 2003: "There"s a small island, inhabited in the South Pacific, that I will try to swim to."
2023-01-07 16:58:016

in response to是什么意思

翻译:回复
2023-01-07 16:58:293

in response to是什么意思

回答,响应,为了应对;与in answer to同义
2023-01-07 16:58:442

新概念英语初二强化训练题

新概念英语初二强化训练题   导语:英语毕竟不是我们的母语,语文尚且还要做练习题,英语肯定要多做习题才能更好掌握,下面是我提供的新概念英语初二强化训练题,欢迎来做题。   一 写出复数   1. radio 2. knife 3. glass 4. shelf   5. boss 6. dress 7. housewife 8.postman   9. leaf 10. church 11. mouth 12. family   13. tie 14. tomato 15. piano 16. baby   17. tooth 18. country 19. key 20 potato   21. match 22. box 23. hour 24. hero   二 用冠词a, an, the 或 some , any 填空, 如果不需要,则用 / 代替.   1. Alice is ____ air-hostess. Her father is ____ engineer and her mother is _____ housewife. They all play ______ tennis very well.   2. He has ____ uncle and his uncle lives in ____ United Kindom. He first saw him in ____ autumn of 1978. 7. We need _____ ink, is there _____ left?   3. It is better to tell ______ truth than to tell _______ lies.   4. Will you have ______ more tea? There"s plenty in the pot.   5. There is ___university near my home. Every Saturday evening,___ students hold ____ party. ___ are dancing, ____ are singing. They make a lot of noise.   6. Get me ________ cigarettes, please. ______ kind will do.   三 用适当介词填空.   1. Can you see the words written ________ the blackboard? (in, on, by, with)   2. She is taking the children out _______ a walk. (in, on, for, by)   3. You can choose the best one ________ them. (in, on, among, by)   4. Jack broke the chocolate _______ several pieces. (in, on, with, into)   5. There are two bridges ______ the river. ( in, on, with, into)   6. There is a slogan(标语) _______ the wall. (on, in, over, above)   7. He sits ________ his desk all day _______his head _______ his hands. He is deep in thought. (on, in, at, with)   8. _______ the help _______ the teachers, the students have made great progress _______their study. (on, in, of, with)   9. He will be back _______ a minute. ( on, in, for, by)   10. The teacher is standing _______ the class. (on, before, to, in)   11.Our train arrived_____Shanghai_____6:30______a foggy November day .(on, in, at, by)   四 用所给词的`适当形式填空   1. Tom ______ (be) ill last week, he ______ (be) much better now.   2. Jimmy and his sister _______ (be) here several days ago.   They ________ (leave) for Beijing yesterday.   3. He ___________ (have ) a bath when the telephone ________(ring).   4. While I __________ (cook ) the dinner, he ___________(read) the paper.   5. He arrived just as I _____________ (answer) the phone.   6. After I heard the news, I ___________ (hurry) to see him.   7. We ____________ (be) disappointed if there is no snow for Christmas.   8. You ____________ (lie)! Stop it, and tell the truth like a man.   9. I _________ (be) hungry since five o"clock this morning.   10.His hair is long; he ________ (have) a haircut tomorrow.   11.A: _______ Mr. Smitch ________ (leave) for Beijing today or tomorrow?   B: Oh, he ____ (go ) already. He _____ (take) the morning train yesterday.   12. ________ the rain still _______ (fall), or _______ it _______(stop)? I want to go shopping today.   13.No one _________ (watch) the television, so Father turned it off.   14.He usually ______(get) up at 6 o"clock in the moring, but he ______(have) to get up very early yesterday morning, because he wanted to catch a train.   15.This big car ________(drive) by a 19-year-old girl in trhe car race yesterday. 16. The boy____________ (not invite) to the party yet, but I think he will be invited soon.   四 写出比较级和最高级   1. good 2. bad 3. little   4. beautiful 5. many 6. small 7. fat 8. thin 9.pretty   10. dirty   (2) 介词, 情态动词, 形容词比较级, 反意疑问句   五 用适当介词填空   1. The fur coat is not ____ fashion now.   2. The boss is busy now. Can you wait ______ two o"clock in the afternoon?   3. Have you seen the film “Murder on the orient Express” ______ a B.B.C. Television programme?   4. The examiner asked the students to write their names ____ the top of paper.   5. In many countries people can buy things ______ installments.   6. Please turn ______the light, it"s dark now.   7. When the boy got ______ the bus, he found that two policemen were walking towards him in the street.   8. I took three books ______ me when I came out of the library.   9. Last year I travelled ______ a very large and beautiful ship to Hong Kong.   10.Have you made _____ your mind where to go during the summer vacation?   11.When I am ______ work, don"t bother me.   12.When Miss Jones came _________. She found the doctors and nurses standing by her bed.   13.Mary went to open the door and looked out _______ the garden.   14.This monkey belonged ______ an old man who was fond of monkeys.   15.She spent two evenings _______ playing chess.   16.I am looking forward _______ your visit here.   17.He is sitting at the table covered _______ flowers.   18.What"s ______ today"s newspaper?   19.They ran wildly crying ________help where no help could be.   20.My little brother dreams _________ becoming a seaman.   六 选择正确的一项.   1. You _____ take an umbrella, I am sure it won"t rain.(A.mustn"t, B. needn"t)   2. You _____ cross the road when the lights are red. (A.mustn"t, B. needn"t)   3. She has fallen asleep, she _____be very tired. (A. must, B. can)   4. He has eaten a lot at lunch, he _____ be seriously ill. ( A. mustn"t, B. can"t)   5. What"s the matter with you? You look pale, you ______ go to see the doctor. (A. must, B.need)   6. You _____ do whatever you like at home, but you _____ keep the rules at school. ( A.must, B.can, C.need)   7. The streets are so wet that it ___ rained last night.(A.must have,B.can have)   8. She seems to know nothing about the accident. She _____ been here. (A.can"t have, B.mustn"t have)   9. He is not at home, he ____ gone to the office. (A. can have, B.may have)   10.The box is very heavy. I think there ______ some books in it.   (A. may be, B. may have been)   七 用形容词的适当形式填空   1. An elephant is __________(big) than a horse.   2. This is the ___________ (helpful) servant we have ever emplyed.   3. My elder sister is four years __________ (old) than I.   4. A car can not run _______________ (fast) a train, but it can run _____ (fast) than a bicycle.   5. Beijing is one of _____________(large) cities in our country.   6. A: Are you busy now? B: No, I am not ___________ (busy) I was yesterday.   7. To a European, Chinese is ________________ (difficult ) than French.   8. The Yangtze River is the _________________(long) river in China.   9. He studies ___________(hard) than I do, so that he often gets high marks.   八 完成反意疑问句   1. It isn"t snowing hard now, ______________?   2. Tim is upstairs, ______________?   3. You are not coming to the meeting tomorrow, ______________?   4. You haven"t seen the film yet, ________________?   5. The workers aren"t Dutch, _______________?   7. He can play tennis very well, _________________?   8. Mary studied very hard, _________________?   9. Mr. Li couldn"t speak English very well, __________________?   10.Mother has cooked the meal, ___________________?   11.He will visit London next month, ______________?   12.They won"t go to the park this afternoon, _________________?   13.Peter hopes to wash the clothes himself, _________________?   14.Mrs. Food was in Paris last spring, ______________?   15.You have a sister, ______________?   16.He had a good swim the day before yesterday, ________________?   17.The man wants to go to Trafalgar Square, ______________?   18.He was going to the dining-hall, _________________?   19.You like stories, _______________?   20.Harry may go abroad this year, _______________?   21.Everyone likes her, _____________? /_________________?   22.There is never a sports meeting hold in our school, _____________?   23.She was unhappy just then, ______________?   (3) 选择及改错   九 选择填空   ( ) 1. Father came ______ Sally was slipping on the floor.   A. while B. just as C. when D. as   ( ) 2. I am a student, ______?   A. isn"t I B. am I C. aren"t I D. don"t I   ( ) 3. Comrade Chang did quite well, he made very ______mistakes.   A. a little B. a few C. little D. few   ( ) 4. _____ the typewriter to the next room, and ____ the recorder here.   A. Bring, take B. Take, bring C. Carry, take D. Bring, carry   ( ) 5. As you are ____ insistent person, I will go with you.   A. so B. such C. a so D. such an   ( ) 6. The men _____were all engineers.   A. which I talked B. to those I talked C. those I talked to   D. I talked to   ( ) 7. Your book is on the floor. ___________---   A. Pick it up! B. Put up it! C. Pick it! D. Take up it!   ( ) 8. There are only _____cigarettes in the box. I have   too____ time to buy any today.   A. a few, little B. a little, few C. a few, a little   D. a little, a few   ( ) 9. I would like to ___to your English teacher if he is not too busy now.   A. ask B. tell C. say D. talk   ( ) 10. Harry hasn"t passed in the exam. ___Dick.   A. So has B. Neither has C. Either has D. Nor is   ( ) 11. “Don"t eat too ____ before going to bed” Mum said to me.   A. many B. much C. few D. lot   ( ) 12. Please don"t say anything that might ____ her feelings.   A. injure B. hurt C. wound D. damage   ( ) 13. The little boy____ his pencil everywhere, but he couldn"t_____it.   A. was looking for, find B. was looking after, find   C. was finding, look at D. was finding, look after   ( ) 14. Li Yin is not _____ today. She is ill.   A. good B. well C. better D. best   ( ) 15. He has been in Shanghai ____ last month.   A. for B. since C. after D. before   ( ) 16. I hate this snow and frost. Shall we go to a country with a warmer_?   A. climate B. weather C. days D. season   ( ) 17. That"s the place ______last year.   A. which we visited B. at which we visited   C. where we visited it D. in where we visited   ( ) 18. ____will you get to Xi"an? By plane.   A. when B. where C. How D What   ( ) 19. She lets each of the boys _____ a bar of chocolate.   A. has B. having C. to have D. have   ( ) 20. You are not so wise ______he.   A. as B. than C. to D. over   十改错   1. Mathematics are my favorite subject. ___________   2. They have no any time to waste. ___________   3. Have you ever gone to Hangzhou? ___________   4. He asks me what shall we do after lunch. ___________   5. I have done my homework yesteray. ___________   6. A number of students is there. ___________   7. Here are two books. Which one do yo like best? ___________   8. It is old enough for the boy to go to school. ___________   10.Between you and he, there is a difference. ___________   11.They are talking each other. ___________ ;
2023-01-07 16:58:561

几句简单的法语翻译,谢谢

Madame, vous m"avez donné la conviction d"étudier le francais.Cordialement.
2023-01-07 16:59:054

in response to是什么意思

in response to 英[in riˈspɔns tu:] 美[ɪn rɪˈspɑns tu] 对…做出反应
2023-01-07 16:59:193