请推荐几个好的富含人生哲理和人生思考的电影

cathartic英 [kə"θɑːtɪk]美 [kə"θɑrtɪk]n. [药] 泻药；[药] 通便药adj. 导泻的；通便的

问题一：药的英文是什么？ 膏药plaster;salve 敷药to rub on medicine;to administer medicine 毒药poisonous drug 弹药ammunition 抹药to administer medicine 泻药cathartic 仙药taoist magic medicine 下药to prescribe medicine;to put in poison 药粉medicine powder 药方prescription 药厂pharmaceutical factory 补药tonic 药皂medical soap 药物medicine 药水liquid medicine 药品drug 药量dosage 配药to fill a prescription 紫药水gentian violet solution 医药费medical expenses 内服药oral medicine 药剂师pharmacist 眼药水eyedrop;eyewater 西药房pharmacy 咳嗽药cough-mixture 火药味 *** ell of gunpowder 火药库powder magazine;magazine 红药水mercurochrome 吃补药take tonic 草药商herbalist 问题二：药2盒的英语单词怎么写? Two boxes of medicine 若是对话，可以简单一点，give me two boxes,tks 问题三：医药箱的英文单词怎么写？ medicine cabinet medical boxmedical kit 这些都可以 问题四：药品的英语单词怎么写.x开头 药品：medicine 没有x开头的啊… 你的采纳是我们继续答题的动力O(∩_∩)O~ 问题五：吸收药英文怎么写 吸收药 [词典] absorbent; absorbefacient; absorbentia; [例句]纳米氧化铁的制备及其对吸收药热分解催化作用的研究 Synthesis and Effect of Nanometer-sized Ferric Oxide on Catalyzing Deposition of Absorbent Powder 问题六：医生的英文单词怎么写？ doctor 英[?d?kt?(r)] 美[?d:kt?(r)] n. 博士; 医生，大夫; 神学家; 医疗设备; vt. 医疗，行医; vt. 修理，装配; 假造; 搀杂; 修改，修饰; [例句]I have an appointment at the doctors. 我在诊所有个预约。 [其他] 第三人称单数：doctors 复数：doctors 现在分词：doctoring过去式：doctored 过去分词：doctored 问题七：吃这种药英文单词怎么写 Take this kind of mdicine 问题八：医生建议我多吃药的英文单词怎么写 医生建议我多吃药 The doctor advised me to take more medicine. 医生建议我多吃药 The doctor advised me to take more medicine. 问题九：服药用英语怎么说？ take medicine

也许是单词的简写词. 缩略语 abbr. 1.cathartic 泻药,通便药,通便的,导泻的 2.cathedral 大教堂 3.catheter 导尿管,尿液管,导管 4.catheterization 导管插入术 5.catheterize 插入导管 6.cathode 阴极 7.fol cathode follower 阴极跟踪(输出)器

“净化”（katharsis或者catharsis）又译“卡塔西斯”，亦即后来弗洛伊德所用的“宣泄”。净化也是指上述宗教祭祀活动所导致的一种情感作用：通过热烈的歌、舞、乐将内心的激情摹仿出来，灵魂得到解脱，便也得到了净化。灵魂的净化和解脱，被古希腊人视为最重要的生活目的。

宣泄情绪的方法如下：1、利用参照物（宣泄器材）进行击打情绪宣泄。2、在适当的环境中宣泄，不能对他人造成干扰与侵犯。3，在僻静的高山或大海，大声呐喊，发泄内心的久积的伤痕。4，在洗澡或游泳时，将头部闭气在水中，直到坚持在最大限度。5，利用一支笔，将不快的心事，以日记或涂鸦的形势，反复记录或擦拭。6，遇到整天头晕失眠、郁闷、急躁、精神不振；可以多出去散步，找知己朋友聚聚。7，偶尔听听音乐，放松情绪，有效减压。8、情绪宣泄，有很多种方式，根据自己实际情况，合理的去调节；合理利用资源，达到最有效的宣泄目的。宣泄情绪基本含义：情绪宣泄法(cathartic method of emotion)是通过排出消极情绪进行心理治疗的方法。弗洛伊德在进行临床治疗时，曾采用自由谈话法，发现患者通过喋喋不休地尽情倾泻自己内心的隐私，吐露被压抑的消极情绪。弗洛伊德在进行临床治疗时，曾采用自由谈话法，发现患者通过喋喋不休地尽情倾泻自己内心的隐私，吐露被压抑的消极情绪，能恢复心理，解除障碍。

While some have argued that this sort of fictional violence does not in and of itself cause violence and may even have a beneficial cathartic effect ,..........................其中“ in and of itself cause violence

止吐药 [词典] antiemetic; antemetic; antanacathartic; [例句]我们给您注 些维生素、葡萄糖，必要时给些止吐药。Anyway we can give injections of vitamins, glucose, or some antiemetic drug, if neccessary.

在五维教练十一项工具中，干预模型这个工具，是对我最有触动，能够让我在未来培训中能够站高一线影响参训者的一项工具。我们先来看看什么是干预模型。“干预模型”是一项最适用于管理者的工具，特别是在绩效辅导与反馈中，“干预模型”既可以结合管理者个人的干预风格，又能够针对不同类型的员工，开展个性化员工辅导与反馈。同时，如果能够真正掌握和应用“干预模型”，在生活中也能成为一个深受他人喜爱的“沟通高手”。“干预模型”把管理者的管理风格划分为两大类型，即指挥 /权威型和引导/促进型，每种类型里面又各自包涵了三种典型的互动方式，即两种管理风格中共包括6种管理沟通的互动方式，分别是告知式、信息式、质询式、导泻式、催化式、支持式。我们可以通过干预问卷测评，发现自己更倾向于哪种管理风格偏好，充分了解自己偏好或缺失的管理行为，从而适当地调整和优化自己的管理风格。同时当面对不同类型的员工或者他人时，能灵活运用不同的干预风格，创建属于自己的“影响”，即以干预行为影响他人行为，支持他人成长，从而大大提升自己的情境领导力。我分三个部分来分享本次微课主题： 1、     [endif]测评问卷对应的六种干预模型分别是什么，以及他们应用的特点 2、     [endif]结合两大管理风格，在情境领导力中运用这六种模型 3、     [endif]我自己在落地应用过程中的体会 第一部分：六种干预模型分别是什么，以及他们应用的特点 测评问卷最后一页竖栏第一项 1）         PR ： Prescribing- 告知式（提问式）：通过提问给予建议、指示，直接给予方向。其对应的问卷题目即 10 个管理行为如下： 在企管中，告知什么呢？告知的是一个行为的目标。 “提问式”管理风格特点：简单、直接、有效。其得分最高的管理者往往有可能带出能力较弱的下属。因为下属较少得到思考的空间，也因此很难得到成长。（ 2 ） IN ： Informing- 信息式： 给予知识、含义及信息；简单明了地提供信息。其对应的问卷题目即 10 个管理行为如下： 信息的什么呢？是实现目标的价值和意义是什么？也就是为什么要这么做。是对谁的价值？对他的价值和意义。”信息式“管理风格特点：优势：信息量大。劣势：易强加、啰嗦（教育孩子时经常见到）。“信息式”得分最高的管理者通常比较喜欢谈“ WHY”，即喜欢做原因分析，其分析和说服能力非常强。但过度发挥则容易干扰到他人的正常思考与决策。 （ 3 ） CO ： Confronting- 质询式： 描述观察到的行为，给予反馈；中止对方惯性思维，挑战对方的假定。其对应的问卷题目即 10 个管理行为如下： 质询的是什么呢？质询的是现状。”质询式“，管理特点：这种有区别于别人看问题的视觉，有比别人相对高的要求和标准。优势：独特视角。“质询式”得分最高的管理者通常发现问题的能力较强，关注细节，喜欢问别人“为什么”，以此验证问题，引导他人发现自己的问题。所以跟信息式的区别是，我告诉你为什么，质询式的是你要告诉我为什么，去验证对方的错误，让对方自己指出自己的错误。劣势：训猴式，挑剔。过度发挥时较容易破坏人际关系，会让他人感到其过份挑剔。（ 4 ） CT ： Cathartic- 导泻式：辨识对方的思维及情绪；邀请对方重新回顾曾经的体验，反思。其对应的问卷题目即 10 个管理行为如下： 前三项相加得分高，代表一种管理风格：导泻的是什么？导泻的是对于现状的情绪。“导泻式”管理特点：这一项打分都相对较低。这项打分高低也是关于情商指数的。优势：对别人的情绪特别敏感，会识别别人的感受。得分最高的管理者很善于“同理”，情绪觉察能力强。但过度发挥有可能出现扒开他人的伤口却无力抚平的局面，同时，自己背负的情绪包袱很重。所以要有科学的导泻能力，在五维的工具里有专门“深度会谈”工具对应导泻这项能力如何应用。（ 5 ） CL ： Catalytic- 催化式： 促进形成开放的，寻找新的方向的对话，鼓励新思维、新角度、新行动。其对应的问卷题目即 10 个管理行为如下： 当负面情绪被导泻掉后，从三脑原理说，人的智慧才开始产生，就开始用到催化，催化的是实现目标的流程。“催化式”管理特点：很少告诉别人方法，用循循善诱的方式去引导别人产生独立思考。得分最高的管理者能够在新的角度帮助创建新的独立思考与觉察，促发新的行动，对员工能力提升有很大帮助。但不是所有的情况下都适用。在0-1的情况下不适用，不知道的是靠培训获得，教练是解决1-10的问题。在时间紧急、风险高的情况下并不适用。要根据工作内容和场景去具体运用。 （ 6 ） SU ： Supportive- 支持式：给予对方关注，认可，肯定，增强对方的信心。其对应的问卷题目即 10 个管理行为如下： 支持的是什么？支持的是接下来的行动是什么？“支持式”管理特点：得分最高的管理者（有可能是虚高）在与下属沟通的过程中往往表现出强烈的支持意愿，但“支持”中有假象：支持分为“主动支持”（主动鼓励、主动反馈）和“被动支持”，假如“支持式”得分高，一定要区分是主动还是被动，如果是被动支持，可能会导致他人产生强大的依赖。支持分下面的情况 1、     反馈，要反馈不足和优势和对的部分。但是很多人只反馈了一部分 2、      支持要给予对方答案。下属经常会强有力提问，要答案。所以要做学会提问的人，夺回提问权。下面第二部分，如何结合情境领导力灵活运用六种干预模型我们看到表中，前三项分值高于后三项。这种就是控制型，权威性风格。它的好处是做事高效，方向明确，更关注事件的结果。劣势是容易忽略人的感受。 同样，后三项分值高是引导型管理风格，特点是更关注人的感受，需要更高的目标感，要多挑战绩效，挑战行动。 前三项更关注企业绩效，后三项更关注员工的满意度。 什么时候用哪种风格更合适呢？视情况而定。        认知自己的管理风格只是领导力修炼的第一步。结合“干预风格测评”结果，几乎每一位管理者都有进一步调整、优化自己管理风格的空间。特别是针对得分低于20分的管理风格，它意味着管理者在一定程度上存在管理状态不佳。因此，管理者在进行领导力修炼时，可以从6种互动方式中选出自己得分最低的一种方式，优先调整其对应的管理行为 。当一种行为发生改变时会带动其他行为的改变。 “ 干预模型 ” 的运用精髓在于 “ 因人而异 ” ，在于因情境而变化。 “干预模型”的两大管理风格并没有绝对的好坏之分。六种互动方式需要针对不同的管理情境，不同类型的员工，灵活选择最恰当、最适宜的方式。具体而言六种互动方式的运用如下： 按照人的“能力”和“意愿”两个维度，将员工分为四种类型，如图所示借鉴情境领导力对人的区分，把人按照“技能”和“意愿度”两个维度划分成了四种不同的类型: （1）工作能力强，意愿也强，这种人叫做“人财”或“极品”，他们为组织创造财富和价值。对“人财”不能用告知，因为他们有自己做决定的能力和意愿，一旦用告知，就会觉得让对方觉得不被信任。所以面对人财，最好的干预方式是“催化”加“支持”的教练方式。  （2）意愿度很高，但能力还不够，这种人叫做“人材”或“半成品”。因为他们是真的不知道该怎么做，需要解决从不知道到知道的方法，最好的干预方式是“告知”加“信息”。但对这种人的变化一定要有敏感度，如果没有识别到他们能力的变化，还在用告知加信息的方式就会导致他们的意愿降低，此时要及时改为催化加支持的干预方式。“人财”和“人材”，被称为高潜人才。 （3）工作能力很强，但意愿度却不够，这种人叫做“人才”或“毒品”。“人才”形成的大多数原因是因为长时间对企业的期待没有得到满足，创建了大量的负面情绪。因此首先要用“导泄”来处理他们的负面情绪，接着要敢于介入“质询”，一旦被质询他们又会有负面情绪，此时再次使用“导泄”，即最好的干预方式是“导泄”加“质询”加“导泄”。当干预产生效果，对方意愿度发生改变时，就要及时更换干预方式，把他们推向可被教练的位置。 （4）没有能力也没有意愿，这种人叫做“人裁”或“废品”也称为“休克人”，面对这种人要用攻击疗法，最好的干预方式是“告知”加“质询”。 如图所示：结合不同的工作情境，管理者在使用干预方式时，可以进行两两组合。 组合一：告知+信息。在真实管理场景当中，比如布置工作任务时，要懂得学会用“告知”，但切记不要单独只用“告知”，而要配合“信息”，即告诉对方要做什么，以及为什么这样做； 组合二：质询+导泄。当看到对方的行为和思维发生偏差的时候，需要对其“质询”和挑战，但是，只要人一旦被质询就会有情绪产生。因此需要配合“导泄”去处理掉对方的情绪，这样他才能够接受你对他的质询； 组合三：催化+支持。如果想让对方产生独立思考，需要用“催化”引导对方从新的视角来看问题，在这个过程中，对方特别需要得到“支持”。支持有两方面，一是资源上的支持，二是精神上的鼓励，要真正找到对方的优势，这样对方的创造才会打开，才能够真正的自己去思考问题解决方案与流程。 第三部分：我自己在实际训练过程中的应用体会 我是做体验式训练的培训师，经常出现在团队建设和领导力素质训练场景中。学习五维教练课期间，我回顾了以往的训练历程，发现了一个很有趣的现象，就是整个六项干预方式确实在训练过程中是我实际运用发生的，只是从来没有上升到理论和测评的高度上去看待整个训练。比如在我经常做的体验式领导力三阶段课程中，首先是用告知的方式，告诉参训者什么是蜕变式训练，都有哪些训练内容。其次用“信息式”大量的训练涉及的信息，带来的价值，以及为什么要用这种方式培训。并开始进行实际训练内容的操作。在过程中开始质询的方式，让对方看到事情的进展，团队的现状，知道和做到的差距等。然后进行导泻，过程中对新的学习价值的发现和挖掘，从而使学习和行动动力重新被激发，催化他们的计划和行动，教练不断支持跟进让行动成果落地。 透过这次学习包括测评问卷，我看到我的质询和导泻这两项分数值是相对低的，发现我在处理情绪方面还不彻底，两次导泻没有完整的去做，有时候只做后边没有导泻过往过程中的情绪，所以人的智慧和行动力的开启就不那么彻底。有了六项干预测评，我就能够有的放矢地加强弱项，更均更完整地使用此类干预模型，达到更好的培训效果，能更好地支持到身边的人！ 干预模型是一个越品越有用的“影响力”工具，每一次的使用和实践，都是智慧的开启，能给家人或者孩子以及更多的人，带来更多新的视角和价值，让我们在人生旅程上轻装前行，越来越自在！最后用一句五维里的话结束今天的分享：允许生命中的“裂缝”，那是光照进来的地方！

扁穗雀麦，拉丁文名：Bromus catharticus Vahl.禾本科、雀麦属一年生。秆直立，叶鞘闭合，被柔毛；具缺刻；散生柔毛。圆锥花序开展，粗糙，小穗两侧极压扁，粗糙；颖窄披针形，沿脉粗糙，顶端具芒尖，基盘钝圆，无毛；内稃窄小，两脊生纤毛；颖果与内稃贴生，顶端具毛茸。花果期春季5月和秋季9月。生于山坡阴蔽沟边，常作短期牧草种植，牧草产量较高，质地较粗。

    有时候人们想要的不是一个答案，而是承担。     你急迫想要的是什么？     我们何从不为自己而困惑过，其实困惑的时候是不坚定的，也是陷入无力感的时候，有时甚至就让自己那样待着，仿佛在等待那个不清晰的未来随便以什么样到来。     那么作为教练，我们怎么陪伴他拨开云雾，看清他想要的。教练的GPS思维在这里就开始显现作用啦。（一）指南针，根据不同的人帮他设定他当下的目标，以成果导向，找到目的地。（二）镜子，教练积极反馈，全面特别是看到被教练者的优势，帮他确定现在的位置。（三）引导者，引导对方看到新的可能和新的选择，明确路线。（四）催化剂，鼓励对方面对自己要去的目标采取行动，做出选择，承担。     这是教练思维，让教练时刻记得他的责任与使命。     简单几个问题，可以让GPS发生作用：1.你最近有没有要提升改善的地方？2.你对…的衡量标准是什么？3.遇到了哪些困惑与挑战？4.还有哪些（什么）呢？5.准备先做什么？     教练要创造场域，让被教练者架起与自己对话的桥梁，人在愉悦的状态下，才能联想未来，一旦触发了爬行脑就会产生对抗和逃离。     现在我们好多管理者，希望成为教练式的领导者，从传统领导人走向教练型领导人存在哪些障碍呢？往往体现在以下几个方面的思维模式或者行为方式上：1.强将手下无弱兵；2.亲力亲为；3.追求快速答案；4.使用绝对权利。     要成为教练型领导者，需要平衡指挥式行为与引导式行为，这些行为综合起来有六项： 指挥、权威式： Prescribing 提问式：通过提问给予建议、指示，直接给予方向。 Informing 信息式：给予知识含义及信息，简单明了的提供信息。 Confronting 质询式：描述观察到的行为，给予反馈，终止对方惯性思维，给予对证，直接的反问“为什么？” 引导促进式： Cathartic 导泻式：辨识对方的思维及情绪，邀请对方重新回顾从今的体验，反思。 Catalytic 催化式：引导对方发现新视角、新思维，促成采取行动。 Supportive 支持式：给予关注、认可、肯定 表达对对方的关心和关注，不带偏见的验证对方的意见，分享个人体验。   这六项行为结合使用，可以让团队获得明确的指令，又可以让团队成员获得激发和激励，发挥出潜能，排除干扰，取得超常的绩效。     对于指挥式的行为，或许我们天生就会，而引导式的行为就要进行专门的学习。五维教练领导力包含了测评和引导工具的教学，可以让自己很清晰地看到自己的强项和弱项。而我自己又发现，这六项行为可以用在大客户销售方面，强化销售人员对客户的影响力，从而推进销售进程。     你是什么风格？指挥权威式、引导促进式、二者兼具？     下面要和大家介绍的，就是五维教练领导力集大成者的教练工具---九宫格。这是我们高效谈话、创造奇迹的思维逻辑和教练流程。 第一步，Refocus目标与调整阶段。在工作或者具体实践中你想实现的目标是什么？在被教练者的回答中我们需要明确几个关键点：关键词、事实和数据、成果、曾经的努力、重述目标及评价目标。启动目标不一定是最佳目标，如果目标太大，给予“越欲”，目标太小进行激发，用GPS澄清目标。 第二步，Reality现实与困难察觉阶段。教练过程的几个关键点是：让被教练者看到现在的状况、数据对比、激发情绪、区分事实和演绎、发现优势差距、具体目标。对于当下状况的判断要还原成事实，如果是情绪要注意导泻，觉察情绪背后的事实，辨识被教练者的思维及情绪，邀请被教练者重新回顾曾经的体验，反思。 第三步，Relation关系原因阶段。请被教练者描述价值、自我激励、自我感受、描述实现目标后的身份或者价值、描述未来、肯定自己。找到被教练者与目标的关系，描述成功画面，启动三脑。为什么要实现这个目标？从价值系统进行方案和创造，使目标与生命相关、与未来相关、与价值观相关。 第四步至六步，Resources Option资源选择阶段。帮助被教练者提出自己的方案、开拓思路、更大成果、深入挖掘、评估方案、现在行动方案。这三个选择是平行的，选择的标准怎么确定呢？要承担的责任，最快的、最大的等。 第七步，Responsibility责任意愿阶段。再次用标准衡量，哪个方案最好并且最意愿去做？可以选择三个方案中的其一，也可以都选，尊重被教练者的意愿。进一步激发意愿，这个方案使你感到兴奋的是什么？对行动方案确定出阶段化步骤。 第八步，Responsibility Supporter责任支持者确定。对行动计划的落实，建立问责环境，向谁汇报进度，什么时间做到什么程度。 第九步，Report Score报告分数阶段。对行动计划的满意度打分，对意愿度的评估打分。还有...分的差距是什么？要做哪些修改?要做哪些努力？ 总结：有什么新的思考？

在禾本科牧草中，雀麦属植物种类多，分布广，为多年生或一年生草本。基本上都可作为牧草利用，具有较高的饲用价值。现在许多种雀麦已引种栽培，据初步统计，全世界引种栽培的雀麦达23种，其中，除无芒雀麦外，已培育出优良栽培品种，已在生产上利用的种类主要有：扁穗雀麦（B.catharticus.Vahl）、雀麦（B.japonica.Thunb.）、山地雀麦（B.marginatus.Nees）、草地雀麦（B.biebersteinii.Roem.et.Schult.）、河边雀麦（B.riparius.Rehm.）、加州雀麦（B.carinatus.Hook.et.Arn.）、柔毛雀麦（B.mollis.L.）、耐酸草（B.pum.pelliamus.Scribn.）等。

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童话镇经典语录 　　《童话镇》是爱德华·凯特西斯、亚当·霍洛维茨 编剧、奥黛特·比奈等人所著的书籍，由漓江出版社出版。下面是我为大家整理收集的关于童话镇的经典语录，欢迎大家的阅读。 　　1.我会倾尽一生来摧毁你的幸福。I shall destory your happiness if it the last thing I do. 　　2.你们的苦难将奠定我的成功。Out of your suffering will rise my victory. 　　3.向内心黑暗的一面妥协并不能解决任何事情。Giving in to one"s dark side never accomeplishes ansthing. 　　4.即使只是相信有幸福结局的可能也会给人很多力量。Believing in even the possibility of a happy ending is a very powerful thing. 　　5.魔力是很诱人，但爱也一样。Power is seductive,but so is love. 　　6.爱使人软弱。Love is weakness. 　　7.假如真爱如此容易，我们早就拥有了。Guess if true love was easy,we"d all have it. 　　8.得不到幸福结局已经够让人痛苦了，而给他们无法实现的希望比那还要糟。Not having a happy endling is painful enough,but giving someone unrelistic hope is far worse. 　　9.世界上没有一见钟情或一吻定情这种事。That there"s no such thing as love at first sight or first kiss. 　　10.所有的魔法都必须付出代价的。All magic comes with a price. 　　11.人是不会变的，他们只是欺骗自己去相信他们可以。What I want is something you don"t ye possess,but something I know is coming. 　　12.也许是魔法让我们相遇，但魔法无法创造真爱。Magic may have brought us together,but it didn"t create this love. 　　13.我祈祷又祈祷，但什么也没有改变，我祈祷我能更会祈祷。I wish,I wish.But nothing changes.I wish I was better at wishing. 　　14.“好人”是“软弱”的代名词。"Good" is another word of for "Weak". 　　15.你就是你，无法改变。You are who you are,and there"s no chaning it. 　　16.做一个损人利己的人总比任人宰割强。It"s better to the kind of people that take instead of those that get taken from. 　　17.如果你认为你自己要做的事是错的，那就确实不对。If you think something you wanna do is wrong,it is. 　　18.你不能拥有一切。You can"t have everything. 　　19.有时候说话不考虑别人的感受会更好。Sometimes it"s easier to talk to someone when you don"t give a crap what they think. 　　20.你的心墙也许能让你免受伤害但也让你远离真爱。That wall of yours it may keep out pain,but it also may keep out love. 　　21.你不能喝诅咒作对。You don"t play with a curse. 　　22.永远不要低估为了自己孩子挺身而出的人。Never underestimate someone who"s acting for their child. 　　23.家庭成员之间总是要能够找到彼此。A family always needs to be able to find one another. 　　24.真相会让人痛苦但也会让人认清事实。The truth can be painful,but it can also be cathartic. 　　25.爱是最有力的魔法，所以解药也得极端一些。Love is the most powerful magic,so cure must be extreme. 　　26.爱让我们患病,萦绕我们的.梦境，摧毁我们的生活。Love makes us sick,haunts our dreame,destroys our days. 　　27.爱造成的死亡比任何疾病都多。Love has killed more than any disease. 　　28.热忱不是交易的一部分。Enthusiasm wasn"t part of the deal. 　　29.爱情是一种疾病，而正如所有疾病一样，它可以被战胜。Love is a disease,and like all diseases,it can be vanquished. 　　30.不管多难过，我需要我的痛苦。As wretched as it is,I need my pain. 　　31.愿望的实现伴随着代价。Making a wish comes with a price. 　　32.爱让人做出傻事。Love makes people do foolish things. 　　33.感情用事可是很危险的。Emotional entanglements can lead us down very dangerous paths. 　　34.只要做些需要勇气的事，勇气自会随之增长。Do the brave thing and bravery would follow. 　　35.你应该为有人爱你而感到幸运。You"re fortunate you have someone that loves you. 　　36.爱情就像一簇易熄的火焰，一旦熄灭,便不复燃。Love.It"s like a delicate flame.And once it"s gone，it"s gone forever. 　　37.任何诅咒都有破解之道。And all curses can be broken. 　　38.真爱之吻能破解任何诅咒。True love"s kiss will break any curse. 　　39.当两个人都想得到彼此的某个东西时交易随之产生。Now when two people both want something the other has,a deal can always be struck. 　　40.有时幻想比现实更美好。Sometimes illsuions are better then truth. 　　41.变化总令人恐惧。Change is always frightening. 　　42.真爱不易得到，但必须争取。True love isn"t easy,but it must be fought for. 　　43.有些人就会这样不断毁掉别人的幸福。Some people will stop at nothing to destory the happiness of others. 　　44.只要有梦想，一切都能实现。You can do anything as long as you can dream it. 　　45.爱是希望它点亮我们的梦想。Love is hope,it fuels our dreams. 　　46.命运是自己掌控的。You control what changes in your life. 　　47.I"m a dwarf.I can"t love.我是屌丝，与爱无缘。 　　48.每个都有阴暗面。Eveyone has a dark side. 　　49.邪恶通常看起来不像邪恶。Evil doesn"t always look evil. 　　50.没有哪剂药能带回真爱。No potion can bring back true love. 　　51.如果你能驾驭真爱,那你就能驾驭一切。If you can bottle love you can do anything. 　　52.唠叨、唠叨、唠叨，爱情就是这样。 　　53.Words.Words.Words.That"s all that love is. 　　54.艰难的生计使你意志坚定。Hard living has strengthened your resolve. 　　55.没什么比家庭更重要了。There"s nothing more important than family. 　　56.还有什么比不相信“不眼见为实”更疯狂的呢?What"s crazier than seeing and not believing? 　　57.历史书是以历史为依据的。History books are based on history. 　　58.每个人都希望魔法能解决自己的问题，但没有人真正相信魔法。Everyone wants a magical solution for their problem,and everyone refuses to belive in magic. 　　59.想使人痛苦就得制造磨难。If you want to inflict pain than you must inflict pain. 　　60.真爱是世上最强大的魔法。True love is the most powerful magic of all. ;

扁穗雀麦别名：美洲雀麦、北美雀麦、澳大利亚雀麦、野麦子；在雀麦属牧草中扁穗雀麦是一种原产于南美洲的重要栽培牧草。在过去国内外的有关文献中，其学名一直用Bromus.catharticus.Vahl。这是M.H.Vahl在1791年根据采自南美洲秘鲁的标本而命名和发表的。而在1980年出版的《Flora.europeae.Vol.5》中，P.M.Smith研究认为：这种植物的正确学名应为Bromus.willdenousii.Kunth，而B.catharticus.Vahl和B.unidoides.Kunth应为其异名。这种植物自然分布于南美洲，在乌拉圭、阿根廷等国尤为常见。19世纪60年代由阿根廷传入美国，以后再传入世界各地。自20世纪40年代以来，美国、阿根廷、新西兰等国已选育出一大批优良栽培品种，例如，Texas、Lamont、Gase、Pergamino、Amgel、Gallardo、Matua等，在美国（南部）、澳大利亚（南部）、新西兰、巴西（南部）、阿根廷、乌拉圭等国大面积种植。在欧洲南部的一些国家也曾种植；在肯尼亚高海拔地区也有希望作为重要牧草而种植。我国引种栽培的历史较晚，直到20世纪40年代才引入到南京栽培，以后传入内蒙古、新疆、青海、北京、云南、贵州、四川、广西等地栽培。凡在引种栽培过的地区，特别是在亚热带地区，常能见到逸生种。

1、花语：热爱光明。2、花橙黄色，大而美丽，供观赏用。它是园林绿化植物，可用于庭园美化、围篱美化、花棚、花廊、花架、绿篱等攀爬栽培。3、软枝黄蝉，（学名：AllemandacatharticaL.）别名黄莺、小黄蝉、重瓣黄蝉、泻黄蝉，夹竹桃科、黄蝉属多年生常绿灌木类木本植物。因花蕾的形状及颜色貌似即将羽化的蝉蛹，且枝条柔软，故而得名软枝黄蝉。原生于巴西等地，后广植于热带地区，为观赏植物。

轻泻剂是一种可以帮助肠道排泄的物质。轻泻剂通过润滑肠壁，刺激肠道蠕动，或者软化大便增加其体积等方法而起到帮助排泄的功效。大便体积的增大能增加肠道蠕动，从而起到刺激肠道的作用。轻泻剂包括润滑剂、刺激剂、渗透物质和引起膨胀的物质。矿物油（Mineral oil）是一种典型的润滑剂。刺激性轻泻剂包括蓖麻油（castor oil）、酚酞（phenolphthalein）和番泻叶（senna）。诸如镁乳剂（milk of magnesia）和泻盐（Epsom salts）等渗透性轻泻剂能增加大肠中的盐分吸收，从而使水分被排放到肠道中；肠道中增加的水分可以软化大便。诸如甲基纤维素（methylcellulose）和欧车前（psyllium）等膨胀性轻泻剂中含有纤维，这些纤维是不可消化的植物性物质。泻药（Cathartics）是能够引起剧烈肠道排泄的轻泻剂，通常会产生腹泻。泻药通常是用来治疗某些中毒症状的。某些富含纤维的食物可以当作天然的轻泻剂，这样的食物包括糠、全麦、苹果、李子和芹菜。

为了帮助大家学好 医学英语 ，下面我给大家带来医学 英语口语 表达大全，希望对大家有所帮助! 医学英语口语表达：胃肠 胃肠Stomach & Bowels (1)当空腹时，他感觉胃里不舒服。 He has a certain disagreeable felling in the stomach when it is empty. 胃不调upset stomach 消化不良have bad(impaired：defective)digestion;suffer from indigestion(dyspepsia) 胃有毛病have a disordered stomach(stomach disorder);something is wrong with one"s stomach. 因过食而伤胃injure one"s stomach by overeating oneself 觉食物积滞胃中feel heavy on the stomach 食物不易消化lie(sit)heavy on one"s stomach 自从那时起，消化便已失常。 Thereafter，the digestion was not really good. 曾有过一时性的恶心和呕吐，但并没有食欲不振或体重减少发生。 Transient nausea and vomiting was present，but no anorexia or weight loss occurred. 欲呕feel nauseated 有晨吐have morning sickness 夜吐(饭后恶心)nocturnal(postprandial)nausea 晕船(车)be sea-(car-)sick 有点恶心have(experience)some nausea 严重的作呕have considerable retching 里急后重时发生恶心和呕吐have a spell of N & V while straining at stool 患食欲不振和恶心be anorexic and nauseated 偶而恶心和呕吐develop occasional nausea and vomiting 老是溢酸，感觉腹胀burp all the time，feel bloated 吐出清净透明的胃容物with vomiting of clear gastric contents 呕吐停了，消失了vomiting stopped(ceased)，cleared 止吐settle the stomach 打噎belch(eruct;eructate) 这病人恶心，曾呕吐了含有胆汁液体数次。 The patient developed nausea and vomited bile-stained fluid on several occasions. 当要呕吐时，他发觉有严重的腹上部痛和剧烈的头痛。 With the advent of vomiting，he noted severe epigastric pain as well as severe headache. 在第2天中午，她开始呕吐，随后呕吐胆汁质物。 At noon on the following day she stared vomiting food，which was followed by bile- stained material. 在病发时呕吐2次vomit twice at the onset 极度反胃regurgitate food violently 一小时后，他吐出不含血液的水质样东西。 One hour later，he vomited watery material containing no blood. 有时这病人在发作最厉害时，呕吐1、2次。 Sometimes the patient vomited once or twice at the height of the attack. 昨天早晨的呕吐物，被形容为含有未消化的食物和绿水，无血。 The vomitus of yesterday morning was described as containing indigested food and greenish water with no evidence of blood. 最初的呕吐物是透明的，但据说住院治疗之前的呕吐物，带有褐色。 The vomitus was initially clear but just before hospitalization was said to brownish. 他开始有多次、带泡沫和臭味的大便。 He began to have frequent，frothy，foul-smelling stools. 解大便open(relax;evacuate)the bowel;have a passage 有便意have a call of nature 有1次(2次)大便have a motion(two motions) 没有大便be constipated 平均每天大便12次averaged 12 stools daily 发觉粪便中有很多血noticed gross blood in one"s stools 开始一天解8次松的多脂粪便began to pass 8 loose greasy stools per day 大便增加到一天4~5次stools increased in number to 4 or 5 daily 更换尿布时有些粪便have some stool in each diaper change 大便次数减少了，但他仍然每天继续有2~3次大量的稀大便。 The stools became fewer in number but he still continued to have 2~3 large loose stools daily. 住院前2个月，她发觉黑色大便，但却把它忽略过去了。 Two months before admission she had noticed black stools but she disregarded them. 种类ordinary，dry，hard，loose(soft)，large，watery(liquid)，formed，formless，frothy，mucous，bloody，rice-water，pea-soup，tarry 臭味odorless，extremely foul，sour，putrid，less offensive in odor，offensive but no excessively foul 颜色black，tarry，brownish-black，brown，red，green，yellow，light-brown，grey- white(clay-colored) 大便的粗细和硬度正常，且从未呈黑色。 The stools were of normal caliber and consistency and have never been black. 大便颜色很淡，并且软如泥。 Stools were very light in color and of mushy consistence. 他诉说间歇性腹泻与便秘交替发生。 He complained of intermittent diarrhea alternating with constipation. 便秘suffer from constipation 惯性便秘habitual constipation 时常便秘be always constipated 有便秘倾向have a tendency to be constipated 只有灌肠才能缓和严重的便秘one"s severe constipation was relieved only by enemas 便秘很难治，他以前常乞灵于泻药。 The constipation was very obstinate(stubborn)and he resorted to the frequent use of cathartics. 她的便秘逐渐严重起来，同时发觉到粪便直径变细。 She became progressively more constipated and noted a narrowing in the caliber of the stools. 晨泻，水泻，粘液性腹泻，慢性腹泻diarrhea(morning，watery，mucous，dysenteric，chronic) 腹泻diarrhea(轻症mild，拖延的protracted，无法控制的uncontrolled，难医的intractable) 患腹泻suffer from diarrhea;have(an attack of)diarrhea;have loose bowels 短期的腹泻发生了a brief episode of diarrhea occurred 开始泻腹(自然消失，于两天后消失)diarrhea commenced(spontaneously disappeared，cleared after 2 days) 偶而泻肚子have occasional diarrhea 腹泻厉害，在3~7次之间diarrhea varied in severity from 3 to 7 B.M. 不得不服药be obliged to take physics 腹泻未因吃脱脂牛奶而转佳received skim milk without any improvement in the diarrhea 用泻药use a purgative 他患腹泻，每天有8~10次带有粘液，脓和鲜红色血的大便。 He developed diarrhea with the daily passage of 8~10 stools containing mucous，pus，and bright red blood. Ex2：以前他患过同样的腹泻，但从来没有这么严重过。 He previously had similar attacks of diarrhea but they were never so severe. 医学英语口语表达：排尿 排尿Urination，生殖器Genitalia (1)他诉说，在两侧鼠蹊部和睾丸有拉痛，且有夜尿，小便时有灼热感，间或放红色的尿。 He complained of a drawing pain in both groins and testicles，nocturia，burning on urination and the intermittent voiding of red-colored urine. 排便micturate;make(pass)water;void;piss 一夜有2次小便have nocturia twice nightly (a night) 这次住院时解出一个结石pass a stone on this admission 小便浑浊one"s urine is thick(colored) 解出极浑浊，乳白色的尿the passage of highly turbid，milky urine 频尿frequent urination(micturition) 无法忍受的频尿intolerable frequency of urination 终末性血尿terminal hematuria 终末尿带有几滴血urine terminates with a few drops of blood 排尿痛micturition pain 解尿时左腰疼痛have pain in the left loin on micturition 小便流势良好void with a good stream 尿流细小small urinary stream 常解少量的尿pass small amounts of urine frequently 小便发生困难dysuria(inability to void)developed 小便时非常的痛piss pins and needles 变成失禁become incontinent 患便尿失禁develop urinary and fecal incontinence 把尿失禁完全治好obtain complete cure of incontinence 不能把尿尽行解出be unable to void without residual urine 小便时有强烈的烧灼感，当他工作时受到很大的困扰。 His voiding was accompanied by severe burning，and he was greatly inconvenienced at work. 他尿意频频，但每次仅出2、3滴。 He has a frequent desire to urinate，but only a few drops cone out each time. (2)性欲减退，但仍能射精。 There was a decrease in libido but ejaculation was still present. 发觉性欲减退note decreased libido 发觉性欲渐减note gradual loss of libido 性欲有些减退have some decrease in libido 没有性欲have no libido 性冷感be frigid(unaffectionate)sexually 性欲正常libido is normal 性要求过高(太低)be oversexed(undersexed) 对于性交无热诚be unenthusiastic about intercourse 性感不快已有几个月了had dyspareunia for a few months 不起劲的性关系devitalized sexual relationship 25至35岁夫妻的正常次数normal frequency of intercourse for married couples of 25 to 35 未曾达到高潮never achieve(reach)climax 在结婚头一年时常不容易达到极致frequently have difficulty in reaching orgasm in one"s marital coitus in the first year of marriage 未曾尝过情欲高潮的极致have not experienced orgasm 仅有过一次情欲高潮的极致have only had an orgasm once 享受每一动作greatly enjoy every act of sexual intercourse 节欲be continent 仍能射精，但阴茎勃起力却减退了。 Ejaculation was possible but penile erectile strength decreased. 后来月经停止了，而她对于「性」冷淡了起来。 Later，menstruation ceased and she became sexually aopathetic. 阴蒂边发痒、有刺激感itching and irritation around the clitoris 婚前的纵欲premarital sexual indulgence 婚前有过性关系engaged in premarital sexual relationship 接交过性病病人venereally exposed;venereal exposure 染淋疾，患梅毒contract gono.，get syphilis 否认与性病有染deny V.D. contact 不能人道inability to perform sexual intercourse 交媾疼痛painful coitus(coition) 突然变成阳萎suddenly became impotent 一星期以前，他发觉在右鼠蹊部，发生无压痛的肿胀，时起时消。 He noticed a nontender swelling appearing on and off in his right groin one week ago. 这病人诉说阴茎和足底发痒，并且齿龈有不舒服感。 The patient complained of pruritus of the penis and itching in the soles of the feet，and an annoying sensation in the gingiva. 月经于13岁开始，一直到发生月经过多症以前，经期正常。 Menarche occurred at 13 years of age and the menstrual cycle remained within normal limits until the onset of menorrhagia. 月经开始(少量、中等、厚、多) (mild，moderate，frank，heavy)menses begin (start;commence;take place) 经期正常28~30日一次have normal period at 28-to 30-day intervals 月经规则，周期为28天，继续4天have regular period every 28 days that lasted 4 days 月经周期为28天have menstrual cycles of 28 days 月经开始不规则，并且长期无月经began to have menstrual irregularities with long period of amenorrhea 月经未曾失常have no previous menstrual aberrations 周期变成不定interval became variable 比平常多heavier than usual 发觉到月经持续不断并且过多noted persistent excessive menstrual flow 月经不来menses did not occur 停经已4年be 4 years postmenopausal 在46岁时停经passed(underwent;went through)the menopause at age 46 多量(块状，厚多)阴道出血加多，有几个月之久increasingly profuse (massive，frank)vaginal bleeding of several months duration. 月经过多，并且流出血块experience(develop)menorrhagia with passage of clots 有些轻微、无痛性阴道出血some slight painless vaginal bleeding 发觉经期外和性交后出血noted intermenstrual and postcoital bleeding 分泌少量厚汁物质drained a small amount of purulent material 间歇性的剧烈下腹痛intermittent，sharp，lower abdominal pains 她于13岁开始有正常的月经，周期为28~32天，有轻度的月经痛。 She began to menstruate regularly at 13 at intervals of 28~32 days with slight dysmenorrheal. 月经痛性而不规则，大约一个月发生2次。 The menstrual periods were painful and irregular，occurring approximately twice monthly. 医学英语口语表达：护理英语80句 .Receiving the patient(接待病人) 1.How do you do?/ Good morning!您好!(初次见面时使用)/早上好! 2.What can I do for you?/Can I help you?您需要我帮助吗? 3.I"ll bring you to your bedside, please follow me. This is your bed…… 我要领您到床边去.请跟我来.这是您的床位. 4.The toilet is over there.卫生间在那边 5.We supply hot water.我们供应热水 6.Please wait a moment. I"ll let your doctor know. /I"ll inform your doctor.请等一会儿,我去通知医生. 7.Mary is the nurse /doctor in charge of you.玛丽是您的负责护士/医生 8.Please let us know if you need any help.您需要帮助时，请告诉我们. 9.Smoking is not allowed here.这里不允许吸烟 二.information collection(收集信息) 10.Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?您介意我问您几个问题吗? 11.We need some information from you.我们需要从您这儿收集一些信息. 12.Is your tummy still sore?您的肚子还疼吗? 13.Does your pain come on after or before meals?您的疼痛是在饭前还是饭后发作? 14.Does it hurt to pass urine?/when I press here?排尿时痛吗?/当我按压这儿时痛吗? 15.Does your back ache?您的后背痛吗? 16.Do your feet swell?您的脚肿了吗? 17.Do you have a cough/fever?您咳嗽吗?/您有发热吗? 18.Do you bring up any sputum?您咳痰吗? 19.Is there any radiation of the pain ?(to the shoulder)有放射(到肩部的)痛吗? 20.How long have you had the pain?您的痛有多长时间了? 21.When did the pain start?/where is your pain?疼痛从什么时候开始的/什么地方疼痛? 22.Are your periods regular?您的月经规则吗? 三.Physical examination(查体) 23.Will you please undress for medical examination?请您脱下衣服做体检好吗? 24.Take off your clothes, please.请把衣服脱下来 25.Lie down on the couch, please./Just lie still on the couch and relax.请躺在治疗床上./请安静地躺在治疗床上,放松. 26.Bend your knees, please.请屈膝. 27.Open your mouth and say "ah“张开口,说:啊 28.Beathe deeply, please./take a deep breath, please.请深呼吸 29.May I examine your tummy, please?我要检查下您的肚子,好吗? 30.Roll up your sleeves, please.请卷起袖子. 四.communication.(交流) 31.I am going to take your temperature./Please put the thermometer under your armpit.我要测一下您的体温/请把体温计放在您的腋下. 32.Let me feel your pulse.让我测一下您的脉搏. 33.I"ll test/take your blood pressure.我要测量您的血压. 34. I"m afraid I have to prick your finger and take a drop of blood for blood sugar level.我要取一滴指血做血糖测定,需要刺一下手指. 35.I"ll take some blood from your arm now.现在我要从您的胳膊抽血. 36.Don"t take any thing by mouth after midnight until the blood is drawn tomorrow morning .半夜之后不要吃喝任何东西，明天早上抽血. 37.Please bring a specimen of your urine/stool/sputum./ please collect your mid-stream specimen of urine.请留一份尿/便/痰的标本/请收集您的中段尿. 38.Please have your blood and urine tests done.请做一下您的血和尿试验. 39.You are going to have a CT-scan of your chest/head today.今天您要做一个胸部/头部CT. 40.You are going to have a chest X-ray this morning.今天早上您要拍一个胸片. 41.You are going to have a B-mode ultrasonic exam. Please keep your bladder full.您要做B超检查,请留尿,使膀胱充盈. 42.You are going to have an gastric endoscopy tomorrow morning. please don"t eat or drink anything after 12 o"clock tonight.明天上午您要做胃镜检查，今晚12点之后，请不要吃喝任何东西。 43.You are going to have urine catheterization now.现在您需要导尿. 44.I"m going to do an ECG for you.我要给您做心电图. 45.I"m going to put a gastric tube into your stomach, this is for gastrointestinal decompression.我要放胃管到您的胃内，这是胃肠减压. We can feed you the necessary nutrients through the tube. Please swallow the tube as I put it down.我们通过胃管给您必要的营养.当我放管时,请做吞咽动作. 46.I"m going to make your bed./ we"ll change the bed linen at once.我要给您整理床铺/我们马上给您换床单. 47.I"ll apply a cold(hot)compress to your ankle.我要给您的踝部冷/热敷 48.An operation will be done tomorrow/ an emergency operation must be done now. Will you please sign to give your permission for your operation?明天将做手术/现在马上做急诊手术.同意手术请您签字好吗? 49.I"m going to shave your skin. / I"m going to do skin pr

五维教练十三项工具中，“干预模型”是一项最适用于管理者的工具，特别是在绩效辅导与反馈中，“干预模型”既可以结合管理者个人的干预风格，又能够针对不同类型的员工，开展个性化员工辅导与反馈。同时，如果能够真正掌握和应用“干预模型”，在生活中也能成为一个深受他人喜爱的“沟通高手”。“干预模型”把管理者的管理风格划分为两大类型，即指挥 /权威型和引导 /促进型，每种类型里面又各自包涵了三种典型的互动方式，即两种管理风格中共包括6种管理沟通的互动方式，分别是提问式、信息式、质询式、导泻式、催化式、支持式。管理者可以首先通过完成干预问卷来充分认知自己更倾向于哪种管理风格偏好，充分了解自己偏好或缺失的管理行为，从而适当地调整和优化自己的管理风格。同时当面对不同类型的员工时，能灵活运用不同的管理风格，创建属于自己的“影响”，即以干预行为影响他人行为，支持他人成长，从而大大提升自己的情境领导力。因此，我个人认为“干预模型”是值得每一位管理者都认真学习和实践的重要工具。结合自己的学习与实践，现分享三点收获与感悟。 1.“干预模型”的运用始于“自我认知” “干预模型”的强大在于它不仅有一个理论和实践的框架模型，而且有一套科学、完整的配套测评工具——“干预风格测评问卷”。这份问卷是用来了解管理者与下属沟通时呈现出的管理风格。它可以帮助管理者进行自我觉察与反思，发现自己在管理他人方面行为偏好。因此， 学习和实践“干预模型”的第一步就是让自己做一份“干预风格测评问卷” 。 完成测评问卷后，就可以计算出自己的管理风格是更倾向于“指挥/权威型”还是“引导 /促进型”。同时，可以看到自己的6种互动方式，即提问式、信息式、质询式、导泻式、催化式、支持式各自的分数，这些分数的高低代表了自己在真实的管理情境中，对6种互动方式各自使用频率的高低。因此， 测评问卷可以帮助管理者在第一时间“看见”在真实管理情境中自己的实际管理行为及其发生频率。 具体来说管理者的管理风格和互动方式如下： 测评问卷共有60个问题，每个问题指向一种管理行为，每种互动方式都有其对应的10个问题即10种管理行为，依据每种管理行为发生的频率计算出管理者的行为偏好。不同互动方式表现的具体管理行为如下： 管理风格一： Directive指挥/权威 （1）PR： Prescribing-告知式（提问式）： 通过提问给予建议、指示，直接给予方向。其对应的问卷题目即10个管理行为如下： “提问式”简单、直接、有效。其得分最高的管理者往往有可能带出能力较弱的下属。因为下属较少得到思考的空间，也因此很难得到成长。 （2）IN： Informing-信息式： 给予知识、含义及信息；简单明了地提供信息。 其对应的问卷题目即10个管理行为如下： 优势：信息量大。劣势：易强加、啰嗦（常用于孩子）。“信息式”得分最高的管理者通常比较喜欢谈“ WHY”，即喜欢做原因分析，其分析和说服能力非常强。但过度发挥则容易干扰到他人的正常思考与决策。 （3）CO： Confronting-质询式： 描述观察到的行为，给予反馈；中止对方惯性思维，挑战对方的假定。其对应的问卷题目即10个管理行为如下： 优势：独特视角。劣势：挑剔。“质询式”得分最高的管理者通常发现问题的能力较强，关注细节，喜欢问别人“为什么”，以此验证问题，引导他人发现自己的问题。但过度发挥时较容易破坏人际关系，会让他人感到其过份挑剔。 管理风格二：Facilitative引导/促进 （4）CT： Cathartic-导泻式：辨识对方的思维及情绪；邀请对方重新回顾曾经的体验，反思。其对应的问卷题目即10个管理行为如下： “导泻式”得分最高的管理者很善于“同理”，情绪觉察能力强。但过度发挥有可能出现扒开他人的伤口却无力抚平的局面，同时，自己背负的情绪包袱很重。 （5）CL： Catalytic-催化式： 促进形成开放的，寻找新的方向的对话，鼓励新思维、新角度、新行动。其对应的问卷题目即10个管理行为如下： “催化式”得分最高的管理者能够在新的角度帮助创建新的独立思考与觉察，促发新的行动，对员工能力提升有很大帮助。但在时间紧急、风险高的情况下并不适用。 （6）SU： Supportive-支持式：给予对方关注，认可，肯定，增强对方的信心。其对应的问卷题目即10个管理行为如下： “支持式”得分最高的管理者在与下属沟通的过程中往往表现出强烈的支持意愿，但“支持”中有假象：支持分为“主动支持”（主动鼓励、主动反馈）和“被动支持”（背“猴子”），假如“支持式”得分高，一定要区分是主动还是被动，如果是被动支持，可能会导致他人产生强大的依赖。 事实上， 回答60道题目的过程就是一个“照镜子”的过程，是一个 “觉察”或“看见”的过程 。比如，我自己测评的结果为：更偏好“引导/促进”型的管理风格，而在这种管理风格中，我得分最高的互动方式是“支持式”，我发现“支持式”的10种管理行为几乎都是我比较偏好的。而我得分较低的互动方式是“导泻式”，特别是我发现“让他们告诉我他们曾经经历过的一次消极体验”这个管理行为我似乎从未尝试过，因为我觉得那是在揭他人的伤疤。看到测评结果后，我陷入了反思与觉察。经过一年多的学习、实践，我真正意识到消极体验伴随着消极情绪，而消极情绪必须正面去面对它，积极去处理它，因为任何情绪都是一种信号，其背后都有未满足的积极而正向的意图。如果我能学会运用“导汇”的方式，帮助他人更积极地面对自己的消极情绪，其实可以更好地支持到他人的成长和改变。 因此，要真正掌握和运用“干预模型”就一定要从让自己做一份“干预风格测评问卷”，充分认知自己的管理风格开始。 2.“干预模型”的学习和运用是一个创建“影响”的过程。 认知自己的管理风格只是领导力修炼的第一步。结合“干预风格测评”结果，几乎每一位管理者都有进一步调整、优化自己管理风格的空间。特别是针对得分低于20分的互动方式，它意味着管理者在一定程度上存在管理状态不佳。因此，管理者在进行领导力修炼时，可以从6种互动方式中选出自己得分最低的一种方式，优先调整其对应的管理行为 。当一种行为发生改变时会带动其他行为的改变。 比如，我发现自己6种互动方式中得分最低的是“质询式”，于是我开始有意识地让自己凡事多问几个“为什么”，尝试学习更多地关注细节，或是通过更多的提问去找到真正的问题所在。 事实上，当管理者致力于领导力修炼时，每一项管理行为都可能存在调整和优化的空间。 当管理者不断调整和优化自己的各项管理行为时，就会在潜移默化中更好地用干预行为“影响”他人，支持他人，即创建“影响”。这正是“干预模型”在领导力修炼中的核心价值所在 。 “干预模型”的学习和运用就是一个创建“影响”的过程。因为”干预模型”有着无比强大的内在逻辑。如图所示： 可见，当管理者不断调整或优化自己的管理行为时，能够在无意识中更好地帮助他人设定目标、觉察现实、挖掘动力、聚焦成长、问题解决、行动落地，即创建了自身的“影响”，从而大大增强了管理者自身的“影响力”。 3.“干预模型”的运用精髓在于“因人而异”，在于因情境而变化。 “干预模型”的两大管理风格并没有绝对的好坏之分。六种互动方式需要针对不同的管理情境，不同类型的员工，灵活选择最恰当、最适宜的方式。具体而言六种互动方式的权变运用如下： （1）告知式（提问式） （2）信息式 （3）质询式 （4）导泻式 （5）催化式 （6）支持式 同时，也可以按照员工的“能力”和“意愿”两个维度，将员工分为四种类型，如图所示： 针对四种不同类型的员工，我们可以运用不同的互动方式及其组合，更有效地去”影响“他们 。如图所示： 借鉴情境领导力对人的区分，把人按照“工作能力”和“意愿度”两个维度划分成了四种不同的类型: （1）工作能力强，意愿也强，这种人叫做“人财”或“极品”，他们为组织创造财富和价值。对“人财”不能用告知，因为他们有自己做决定的能力和意愿，一旦用告知，就会觉得让对方觉得不被信任。所以面对人财，最好的干预方式是“催化”加“支持”的教练方式。  （2）意愿度很高，但能力还不够，这种人叫做“人材”或“半成品”。因为他们是真的不知道该怎么做，需要解决从不知道到知道的方法，最好的干预方式是“告知”加“信息”。但对这种人的变化一定要有敏感度，如果没有识别到他们能力的变化，还在用告知加信息的方式就会导致他们的意愿降低，此时要及时改为催化加支持的干预方式。“人财”和“人材”，被称为高潜人才。 （3）工作能力很强，但意愿度却不够，这种人叫做“人才”或“毒品”。“人才”形成的大多数原因是因为长时间对企业的期待没有得到满足，创建了大量的负面情绪。因此首先要用“导泄”来处理他们的负面情绪，接着要敢于介入“质询”，一旦被质询他们又会有负面情绪，此时再次使用“导泄”，即最好的干预方式是“导泄”加“质询”加“导泄”。当干预产生效果，对方意愿度发生改变时，就要及时更换干预方式，把他们推向可被教练的位置。 （4）没有能力也没有意愿，这种人叫做“人裁”或“废品”也称为“休克人”，面对这种人要用攻击疗法，最好的干预方式是“告知”加“质询”。 结合不同的工作情境，管理者在使用干预方式时，可以进行两两组合。 组合一：告知+信息。在真实管理场景当中，比如布置工作任务时，要懂得学会用“告知”，但切记不要单独只用“告知”，而要配合“信息”，即告诉对方要做什么，以及为什么这样做； 组合二：质询+导泄。当看到对方的行为和思维发生偏差的时候，需要对其“质询”和挑战，但是，只要人一旦被质询就会有情绪产生。因此需要配合“导泄”去处理掉对方的情绪，这样他才能够接受你对他的质询； 组合三：催化+支持。如果想让对方产生独立思考，需要用“催化”引导对方从新的视角来看问题，在这个过程中，对方特别需要得到“支持”。支持有两方面，一是资源上的支持，二是精神上的鼓励，要真正找到对方的优势，这样对方的创造才会打开，才能够真正的自己去思考问题解决方案与流程。 “干预模型”是一个蕴含着无穷智慧的逻辑工具。对它的每一次学习和实践都会开启我的一次成长之旅，它已经成为我教练成长路上的“亲密伙伴”！

绝非机译！suit the remedy to the caseHua tuo is a famous doctor in ancient China. He was good at internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pedology and acupuncture, he has brilliant leechcraft and he always diagnoses exactly. When Hua tuo diagnosed and treated a sick, he can give different prscription according to different status. Once, two persons came to Hua tuo for their sickness. Hit-and miss, the two had very similar state of sickness, they both felt headache and a fever. Hua tuo checked the two person carefully, then he told one person "You should use some cathartic, but your friends need to take some sudorific medicine." The two persons were confused, so they asked:" We have same sickness, why the medicine you gave is different?" Huo tuo explained " For you, your have no sickness in your body, the sickness is caused by dyspepsia, for him, his bowels is health, his sickness is caused by catching cold. So, even your states of illness looks the same, the medicine should be different according to different rootcause of the sickness." Hua tuo then gave the two different prescriptions, the two persons pay for Hua tuo"s medicine, and they were healed after taken the medicine for two days. The principle we can learn: We should take effective action aim to the rootcauses of any issues.

便秘西医治疗(一)治疗1.非药物治疗进行健康教育，帮助患者建立正常的排便行为;防止或避免使用引起便秘的药品，不滥用泻药;每天至少饮水1500ml。主食不要太精过细，要注意多吃些粗粮和杂粮。因为粗粮、杂粮消化后残渣多，可以增加对肠道的刺激，利于大便排泄。另外，要多食富含纤维素的蔬菜，如韭菜、芹菜等，正常人每千克体重需要90～100毫克纤维素来维持正常排便。只有足够的量，才足以刺激肠蠕动，使粪便正常通行和排出体外。特别是早饭要吃饱，因为早餐后能引起胃结肠反射，有利排粪运动。排便要养成规律，不要拖延。如果经常拖延大便时间，破坏良好的排便规律，可使排便反射减弱，引起便秘。经常容易发生便秘者一定要注意把大便安排在合理时间，每到时间就去上厕所，养成良好的排便习惯。对于还没有良好排便习惯者，建议每天早晨去厕所蹲5分钟左右，经过一段时日建立正常的排便习惯。因为结肠运动有一定的规律性，早晨起床后人由平卧转变为起立，结肠会发生直立反射，推动粪便下移进入直肠，引起排便反射。坚持耐力锻炼，每天至少走2个公共车站路程;散步、跑步、深呼吸、练气功、打太极拳、转腰抬腿以及体力劳动等，可使胃肠活动加强，食欲增加，膈肌、腹肌、肛门肌得到锻炼，提高排便动力，预防便秘。腹部按摩也可预防便秘，从右下腹开始向上、向左、再向下顺时针对向按摩，每天2～3次，每次10～20圈。2.药物治疗目的是软化粪便，促进肠道动力，刺激排便。可根据便秘的程度，类型和性质，选择合适的通便剂，强调合理用药和个体化用药。(1)盐性轻泻剂：如硫酸镁、磷酸钠，由于渗透压的作用会很快增加粪便中水分的含量，半小时后即可产生突发性水泻。此类泻剂可引起水电解质紊乱，不宜长期使用，对有粪便嵌塞者可灌肠排除粪便。有肾功能不全者不宜使用含镁制剂。(2)润滑剂：液状石蜡(石蜡油)能软化粪便，可以口服或灌肠，适宜于老年人心肌梗死后或肛周疾病手术后，避免费力排便，对药物性便秘无效。长期使用会影响脂溶性维生素A、D、E、K之吸收，餐间服用较合适，避免睡前服用，以免吸入肺内引起脂性肺炎。(3)刺激性泻剂：此类药物有果导、番泻叶、卵叶车前草种子/卵叶车前子过壳/番泻果实(舒立通)、大黄碳酸氢钠(大黄苏打)。它们刺激结肠蠕动，6～12h即有排便作用，但会产生腹痛、水电解质紊乱等不良反应。长期使用可丧失蛋白质而软弱无力，因损害直肠肌间神经丛而形成导泻的结肠(cathartic colon)。此类制剂含有蒽醌，长期摄取后在结肠黏膜下有黑色素沉积，形成所谓的结肠黑变病，为一种良性和可恢复的病变。这类药物不适合长期使用。(4)高渗性泻剂：如山梨醇、乳果糖溶液，聚乙二醇4000等是含不被吸收糖类的电解质混合液。乳果糖是一种合成的双糖，由一分子果糖与一分子半乳糖联结而组成，人体内不含有能将它水解为单糖的酶，因此乳果糖口服后能完整地通过胃肠道到达结肠，并分解为单糖，随后分解为低分子量的有机酸，增加肠腔的渗透压和酸度，从而易于排便。乳果糖(杜秘克)口服15～30ml/d，24～48h即有排便功效。副作用少，在临床上应用广泛。(5)容积性泻剂：如非比麸，金谷纤维王、美特泻，因含有高分子的纤维素和纤维素衍生物，它们具有亲水和吸水膨胀的特点，而本身不被人体吸收，可使粪便的水分及体积增加，促进结肠蠕动。此类泻剂更适宜用于低渣饮食的老年人，不但通便，还能控制血脂、血糖，预防结肠癌的发生。在服用时必须同时饮240ml水或果汁，以免膨胀后凝胶物堵塞肠腔而发生肠梗阻。(6)促动力药物：一般不推荐作为常规便秘使用药物，但该类药物可以通过促进肠道运动，提高直肠静息压，加快便秘患者的结肠转运速度，可用于无便意的慢通过便秘的治疗。3.综合序贯疗法对于习惯性便秘，在训练定时排便前，宜先清肠，即用生理盐水灌肠清洁肠道，2次/d，共3天。清肠后检查腹部，并摄腹部平片，确定肠内已无粪便嵌塞。清肠后可给液状石蜡(石蜡油)，5～15ml/(kg·d)，或乳果糖15～30ml/d，使便次至少达到1次/d。同时鼓励患者早餐后解便，如仍不排便，还可鼓励晚餐后再次解便，使患者渐渐恢复正常排便习惯。一旦餐后排便有规律地发生，且达到2～3个月以上，可逐渐停用液状石蜡(石蜡油)或乳果糖。在以上过程中，如有2～3天不解便，仍要清肠，以免再次发生粪便嵌塞。文献报道，这种通过清肠、服用轻泻剂并训练排便习惯的方法，治疗习惯性便秘，其成功率可达到70%～80%，但不少会复发。4.生物反馈处理对于有直肠括约肌和盆底肌功能紊乱的便秘患者，近年已有较多文献报道采用生物反馈的措施，其通便的成功率可达75%～90%。反馈治疗法包括气囊生物反馈和机电生物反馈，是将特制的肛门直肠测压器插入肛门内，该仪器还安置一个可观察的显示器，可获得许多信息，包括肛门括约肌的压力，直肠顺应性，肛直肠处的感觉敏感性，使病人自己感到何时可有排便反应，然后再次尝试这种反应，启发排便感觉，达到排除粪便的目的。

the wolf is an an animal which is a little like a dog狼是一种动物，它有点像狗1His laughter was cathartic, an animal yelp that brought tears to his eyes.他哈哈大笑以宣泄情绪，声音如野兽般尖厉，眼泪都笑出来了。2It cannot for example look upon land or an idol or an animal, viewed as such, as having rights or duties.例如，普通法不能把土地、崇拜物或动物等，看成是享有权利或负担义务的主体。

1、原文　　国子先生晨入太学，招诸生立馆下，诲之曰：“业精于勤，荒于嬉；行成于思，毁于随。方今圣贤相逢，治具毕张。拔去凶邪，登崇畯良。占小善者率以录，名一艺者无不庸。爬罗剔抉，刮垢磨光。盖有幸而获选，孰云多而不扬？诸生业患不能精，无患有司之不明；行患不能成，无患有司之不公。”　　言未既，有笑于列者曰：“先生欺余哉！弟子事先生，于兹有年矣。先生口不绝吟于六艺之文，手不停披于百家之编。纪事者必提其要，纂言者必钩其玄。贪多务得，细大不捐。焚膏油以继晷，恒兀兀以穷年。先生之业，可谓勤矣。　　觝排异端，攘斥佛老。补苴罅漏，张皇幽眇。寻坠绪之茫茫，独旁搜而远绍。障百川而东之，回狂澜于既倒。先生之于儒，可谓有劳矣。　　沉浸醲郁，含英咀华，作为文章，其书满家。上规姚姒，浑浑无涯；周诰、殷《盘》，佶屈聱牙；《春秋》谨严，《左氏》浮夸；《易》奇而法，《诗》正而葩；下逮《庄》、《骚》，太史所录；子云，相如，同工异曲。先生之于文，可谓闳其中而肆其外矣。　　少始知学，勇于敢为；长通于方，左右具宜。先生之于为人，可谓成矣。　　然而公不见信于人，私不见助于友。跋前踬后，动辄得咎。暂为御史，遂窜南夷。三年博士，冗不见治。命与仇谋，取败几时。冬暖而儿号寒，年丰而妻啼饥。头童齿豁，竟死何裨。不知虑此，而反教人为？”　　先生曰：“吁，子来前！夫大木为杗，细木为桷，欂栌、侏儒，椳、闑、扂、楔，各得其宜，施以成室者，匠氏之工也。玉札、丹砂，赤箭、青芝，牛溲、马勃，败鼓之皮，俱收并蓄，待用无遗者，医师之良也。登明选公，杂进巧拙，纡馀为妍，卓荦为杰，校短量长，惟器是适者，宰相之方也。昔者孟轲好辩，孔道以明，辙环天下，卒老于行。荀卿守正，大论是弘，逃谗于楚，废死兰陵。是二儒者，吐辞为经，举足为法，绝类离伦，优入圣域，其遇于世何如也？今先生学虽勤而不繇其统，言虽多而不要其中，文虽奇而不济于用，行虽修而不显于众。犹且月费俸钱，岁靡廪粟；子不知耕，妇不知织；乘马从徒，安坐而食。踵常途之役役，窥陈编以盗窃。然而圣主不加诛，宰臣不见斥，兹非其幸欤？动而得谤，名亦随之。投闲置散，乃分之宜。若夫商财贿之有亡，计班资之崇庳，忘己量之所称，指前人之瑕疵，是所谓诘匠氏之不以杙为楹，而訾医师以昌阳引年，欲进其豨苓也。2、译文　　国子先生早上走进太学，召集学生们站立在学舍下面，教导他们说：“学业由于勤奋而专精，由于玩乐而荒废；德行由于独立思考而有所成就，由于因循随俗而败坏。当今圣君与贤臣相遇合，各种法律全部实施。除去凶恶奸邪之人，提拔优秀人才。具备一点优点的人全部被录取，拥有一种才艺的人没有不被任用的。选拔优秀人才，培养造就人才。只有才行不高的侥幸被选拔，绝无才行优秀者不蒙提举。诸位学生只要担心学业不能精进，不要担心主管部门官吏不够英明；只要担心德行不能有所成就，不要担心主管部门官吏不公正。”　　话没有说完，有人在行列里笑道：“先生在欺骗我们吧？我侍奉先生，到现在已经很多年了。先生嘴里不断地诵读六经的文章，两手不停地翻阅着诸子百家的书籍。对史书类典籍必定总结掌握其纲要，对论说类典籍必定探寻其深奥隐微之意。广泛学习，务求有所收获，不论是无关紧要的，还是意义重大的都不舍弃；点燃灯烛夜以继日地学习，常常勤劳不懈年复一年的读书学习。先生的学习可以说勤奋了。　　抵制、批驳异端邪说，排斥佛教与道家的学说，弥补儒学的缺漏，阐发精深微妙的义理。探寻那些久已失传的古代儒家学说，独自广泛地钻研和继承它们。指导异端学说就像防堵纵横奔流的各条川河，引导它们东注大海；挽救儒家学说就像挽回已经倒下的宏大波澜。先生您对于儒家，可以说是有功劳了。　　心神沉浸在古代典籍的书香里，仔细地品尝咀嚼其中精华，写起文章来，书卷堆满了家屋。向上效法法虞、夏时代的典章，深远博大得无边无际；周代的诰书和殷代的《盘庚》，多么艰涩拗口难读；《春秋》的语言精练准确，《左传》的文辞铺张夸饰；《易经》变化奇妙而有法则，《诗经》思想端正而辞采华美；往下一直到《庄子》、《离骚》，《史记》；扬雄、司马相如的创作，同样巧妙但曲调各异。先生的文章可以说是内容宏大而外表气势奔放，波澜壮阔。　　先生少年时代就开始懂得学习，敢于实践，长大之后精通礼法，举止行为都合适得体。先生的做人，可以说是完美的了。　　可是在朝廷上不能被人们信任，在私下里得不到朋友的帮助。进退两难，一举一动都受到指责。刚当上御史就被贬到南方边远地区。做了三年博士，职务闲散表现不出治理的成绩。您的命运与仇敌相合，不时遭受失败。冬天气候还算暖和的日子里，您的儿女们哭着喊冷；年成丰收而您的夫人却仍为食粮不足而啼说饥饿。您自己的头顶秃了，牙齿缺了，这样一直到死，有什么好处呢？不知道想想这些，倒反而来教导别人干什么呢？”　　国子先生说：“唉，你到前面来！要知道那些大的木材做屋梁，小的木材做瓦椽，做斗栱，短椽的，做门臼、门橛、门闩、门柱的，都量材使用，各适其宜而建成房屋，这是工匠的技巧啊。贵重的地榆、朱砂，天麻、龙芝，车前草、马屁菌，坏鼓的皮，全都收集，储藏齐备，等到需用的时候就没有遗缺的，这是医师的高明之处啊。提拔人材，公正贤明，选用人才，态度公正。灵巧的人和拙笨的人都得引进，有的人谦和而成为美好，有的人豪放而成为杰出，比较各人的短处，衡量各人长处，按照他们的才能品格分配适当的职务，这是宰相的方法啊！从前孟轲爱好辩论，孔子之道得以阐明，他游历的车迹周遍天下，最后在奔走中老去。荀况恪守正道，发扬光大宏伟的理论，因为逃避谗言到了楚国，被废黜而死在兰陵。这两位大儒，说出话来成为经典，一举一动成为法则，出类拔萃，德行功业足以载入圣人之行列，可是他们在世上的遭遇是怎样呢？现在你们的先生学习虽然勤劳却不能顺手道统，言论虽然不少却不切合要旨，文章虽然写得出奇却无益于实用，行为虽然有修养却并没有突出于一般人的表现，尚且每月浪费国家的俸钱，每年消耗仓库里的粮食；儿子不懂得耕地，妻子不懂得织布；出门乘着车马，后面跟着仆人，安安稳稳地坐着吃饭。局局促促地按常规行事，眼光狭窄地在旧书里盗窃陈言，东抄西袭。然而圣明的君主不加处罚，也没有为宰相大臣所斥逐，难道不幸运么？有所举动就遭到毁谤，名誉也跟着大了起来。被放置在闲散的位置上，实在是恰如其份的。至于度量财物的有无，计较品级的高低，忘记了自己有多大才能、多少份量和什么相称，指摘官长上司的缺点，这就等于所说的责问工匠的为什么不用小木桩做柱子，批评医师的用菖蒲延年益寿，却想引进他的猪苓啊！3、作品简介　　《进学解》是元和七、八年间韩愈任国子博士时所作，出自《韩昌黎全集》假托向学生训话，勉励他们在学业、德行方面取得进步，学生提出质问，他再进行解释，故名“进学解”，借以抒发自己怀才不遇、仕途蹭蹬的牢骚。名言“业精于勤，荒于嬉；行成于思，毁于随”即出于此文。

　　当品读完一部作品后，大家心中一定有不少感悟，何不静下心来写写读后感呢？那么你真的会写读后感吗？下面是我精心整理的少年维特之烦恼英语读后感，欢迎阅读与收藏。 　　The sorrows of young werther is a German writer johann Wolfgang Goethe is one of the most famous masterpiece. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, a German modern outstanding poets, writers and thinkers. The sorrows of young werther this epistolary novel written in first person, not only conveys the feudal system in Europe from the ancient to the capitalist system of excessive transformation period, the middle-aged and young generation to pursue "personality liberation", "emotional freedom", "return to nature of social status", "establishing equal relationship" between people"s strong desire, also illustrates the author"s own distinct position. In 1774 published a novel has aroused strong repercussions, the whole of Europe an victor hot, Goethe"s hand revealed deep sleep in contemporary deeply excited all the secrets of the mind. 　　We can see victor"s image: tsing yi huang trousers and thin sensitive and sentimental. He kept the childlike innocence confronts the nature of his heart is bright and clean, like a deep stagnant water. He attaches great importance to the natural sincere feelings cherish his "heart is better than all other" Albert rational calm very unhappy. His love at first sight, for she had also because she is so innocent in manners do keep a girl lovely nature. Green, in the heart of victor is completely natural and beautiful his love for her is reached the degree of "forgetting"! 　　She is just victor lover? She is the embodiment of victor all ideal almost representative of beauty. When victor"s ideal in reality nothing is near, he met and she became his heart clings to object and shelter. His love for her is hot, unselfish, has deviated from the true meaning of love, because it is a kind of irrational and abnormal love, is not the final result of the destruction of others is to destroy them. Rather than his love and his love is his one thousand to from the conquest of the opposite sex to prove the existence of self value. Because of this, in the face of rational barriers victor heart will have such a complicated entanglements and deep pain. He hovered between reality and green, and the fact that, after all, not a lover and victor becomes more crazy. But he lost his friend victor all hope in life, the passion of youth, the courage of life is destroyed by a thus only to an extreme way -- suicide to show resistance of reality. Schiller profoundly analyzes the victor"s tragedy, he said: "a person with a warm feelings to hug an ideal and escape from reality in order to pursue the infinite reality; he constantly seek him in his outside forever in his own destruction in the nature of things; he felt his own dream is the only reality of his own experience is permanent; he sees their presence as bound shall crush it in order to further the absolute reality." 　　In the writer"s love is the greatest hero for it can cling to life; In the writer"s love is the small only is a tool for personality liberation and realize self value. The protagonist in the novel the continuous and endless memories, fierce inner conflict, also bitter sweet in love feeling, only when he was unable to get a beloved is cruel and gloomy beauty. The so-called vigorous love and heart full of tears, is actually a thick young feelings and deep that must not turn dark young sorrow. Youth it is destined to always full of unease and restlessness, too many boiling blood to be cathartic for ideal can be without any hesitation. 　　The heroine in the sorrows of young werther self-consciousness is quite strong. Youth and beauty are what he ardently desire. Born for freedom, he died for freedom, he would rather die than to give up his ideal and pursuit. However the value goal of how to implement? Will not, of course, through the practice of reforming society, we have not such ideological awareness, the hero of them, the fate of the palm is only one are pieces of quiet. So they can only choose to make love till death do it the end of time and regret, then maybe can express in the heart of anguish? In this sense it is not only their personal tragedy, also is the tragedy of The Times. 　　少年维特之烦恼是德国作者约翰·沃尔夫冈·歌德最著名的代表作之一。歌德是德国近代杰出的诗人、作家和思想家。少年维特之烦恼这部以第一人称写就的书信体小说，不仅传达了欧洲从古老的封建制度向资本主义制度过度的转型时期，中青年一代追求“个性解放”、“感情自由”、“恢复自然的社会状态”、“建立平等的人与人之间的关系”的强烈愿望，也阐明了作者自身鲜明的立场。1774年小说一发表便引起了强烈的反响，整个欧洲掀起了一阵维特热，歌德的手揭开了沉睡在当代的深深激动着的心灵里的一切秘密。 　　我们可以想见维特的形象：青衣黄裤清秀而瘦弱敏感而多情。他保持了童真的本性面对世界时他的心明净如一泓清水。他重视自然真诚的感情珍视他的“心胜于其它一切”对阿尔伯特似的理智冷静的人非常不满。他对绿蒂的一见钟情、一往情深也正是因为她如此天真无邪在举止行事中保持了一个少女可爱的自然本性。绿蒂在维特的心中完全就是自然与美的化身他对她的.爱简直达到了“忘我”的程度! 　　绿蒂难道仅仅是维特的恋人?她几乎是维特全部理想的化身美的代表。当维特的理想在现实中无所依傍的时候，他遇见了绿蒂，绿蒂成为了他心灵的攀附对象和避难所。他对她的爱虽是炽热的、忘我的，却已偏离了爱的真义，因为这是一种非理性的、变态的爱，最后的结果不是毁灭他人就是毁灭自己。与其说他爱的是绿蒂，不如说他爱的是他自己千方百计地要从对异性的征服中证明自我存在的价值。正因为如此，在理性的藩篱面前维特的内心才会产生如此复杂的纠葛和深沉的痛苦。他在现实与绿蒂之间徘徊而终究得不到爱人的事实又使维特变得愈加疯狂。最终他还是失去了绿蒂维特全部的人生希望、青春的热情、生活的勇气都被一道摧毁从而只得以极端的方式——自杀来表露对现实的反抗。席勒深刻地分析了维特的悲剧他说：“一个人物以热烈的感情拥抱一个理想并且逃避现实以便追求非现实的无限;他不断地在他身外寻求他永远在他自己的天性中所破坏的东西;他觉得他自己的梦想才是唯一现实的东西他自己的经验无非是永久的束缚;他把自己的存在看作是束 缚应当把它粉碎以便深入绝对的现实。” 　　在作家的笔下爱情是伟大的主人公为它生可以死死可以生;在作家的笔下爱情又是渺小的只不过是承载个性解放和实现自我价值的工具。小说里主人公那绵绵无尽的情思、激烈的内心冲突、亦苦亦甜的恋爱感受，只有在他无法得到心上人时才具有残酷而无望的美的意味。所谓轰轰烈烈的爱情与充满血泪的心路，事实上是浓得化不开的年少情愫与深黯的少年悲戚。青春向来就注定充满不安和躁动，太多沸腾的热血亟待宣泄为理想献身可以无半点犹疑。 　　在少年维特之烦恼中主人公的自我意识相当强烈。青春和美都是他热切向往的东西。他为自由而生，为自由而死，他宁死也不愿放弃自己的理想和追求。然而这种价值目标如何实现呢?当然不可能通过改造社会的实践，我们的主人公还没有这样的思想觉悟，他们，在命运的掌心里只能是一枚渺续安静的棋子。因此他们只能选择爱爱它个地老天荒、至死不悔，这样或许能抒发心中的苦闷?在这个意义上说这不仅仅是他们个人的悲剧，也是整个时代的悲剧。

Salt

Styles of humour1. Verbal:Black comedy (Black comedy, also known as black humor or dark comedy, is a sub-genre of comedy and satire where topics and events that are usually treated seriously – death, mass murder,suicide, sickness, madness, terror, drug abuse, rape, war etc. – are treated in a humorous or satirical manner.) Caustic humour (Caustic humour is a type of humour which relies on a witty put-down. As is implied by the name (which literally means humour which is designed to burn or to corrode), it involves the clever use of language to convey biting, insulting, or sometimes even cruel remarks.)Droll humour (Droll humor is an often dry, witty form of humor that elicits laughs through amusingly odd, sometimes zany behavior or speech. Due to its more subtle nature, this type of humor is not commonly used by comedians; Steven Wright is an example of one who does use it in combination with other techniques.) Deadpan (Deadpan is a form of comedic delivery in which something humorous is said or done by a person, while not exhibiting a change in emotion or facial expression. Deadpan is a type of dry humour.)Non-sequitur (a conversational and literary device, often used for comical purposes (as opposed to its use in formal logic). It is a comment which, due to its lack of meaning relative to the comment it follows, is absurd to the point of being humorous or confusing. Its use can be deliberate or unintentional. Literally, it is Latin for "it does not follow." In other literature, a non sequitur can denote an abrupt, illogical, unexpected or absurd turn of plot or dialogue not normally associated with or appropriate to that preceding it.)Obscenity Parody (In contemporary usage, a parody is a work that imitates another work in order to ridicule, ironically comment on, or poke some affectionate fun at the work itself, the subject of the work, the author or fictional voice of the parody, or another subject.)MockerySarcasm (Sarcasm from Greek σαρκασμός (sarkasmos), "mockery, sarcasm" is sneering, jesting, or mocking a person, situation or thing. It is strongly associated with irony, with some definitions classifying it as a type of verbal irony intended to insult or wound — stating the opposite of the intended meaning, e.g. using "that"s fantastic" to mean "that"s awful". It is used in a humorous manner, often harshly, and is expressed through vocal intonations such as over-emphasizing the actual statement or particular words.)Satire (a technique used in drama, fiction, journalism, and occasionally in poetry, the graphic arts, the performing arts and other media. Although satire is usually witty, and often very funny, the purpose of satire is not primarily humour but criticism of an event, an individual or a group in a clever manner.)Self-irony / Self-deprecation (Self-deprecation is a form of humor in which a comedian makes jokes about himself, his shortcomings, or his culture.The boundaries for this kind of humor are often more relaxed than for other kinds of humor. For example, whereas a Jewish joke told by a non-Jew may be considered anti-semitic and offensive, the same joke told by a Jew may be taken in good humor. The ability to laugh at oneself and the absurdities in one"s own culture is often considered a good character trait.)Wit (Wit is a form of intellectual humor. A wit is someone skilled in making witty remarks, typically in conversation and spontaneously.)Meta-humour (Meta-joke refers to three somewhat different, but related categories: "self-referential jokes", "jokes about jokes" also known as metahumor, and "joke templates".)abuse Demented 2. Non-verbal:Anti-humour (Anti-humor is a type of indirect humor that involves the joke-teller delivering something which is deliberately not funny, or lacking in intrinsic meaning. The audience is expecting something humorous, and when this does not happen, the irony itself is of comedic value. It is considered to be very postmodern.)Deadpan (Deadpan is a form of comedic delivery in which something humorous is said or done by a person, while not exhibiting a change in emotion or facial expression. Deadpan is a type of dry humour.)Form-versus-content humour (Form-versus-content humour is a type of humour in which the way a statement is made contributes to making the statement humorous.Usually this is by the means of having some contradiction between the medium and the message; for example, by presenting a message in a form that inherently defeats the ostensible purpose of the message, or in a form that is fundamentally incapable of carrying the important part of the message.)Slapstick (Slapstick is a type of comedy involving exaggerated physical violence or activities (e.g., a character being hit in the face with a frying pan or running full speed into a wall). The style is common to those genres of entertainment in which the audience is supposed to understand the very hyperbolic nature of such violence to exceed the boundaries of common sense and thus license non-cruel laughter. Its greatest modern representations thus lie in cartoons and the simple, amplified film comedies aimed at younger audiences. Though the term is often used pejoratively, the performance of slapstick comedy, based on exquisite timing and unerring calculation of execution, character reaction and audience laughter, is considered among the more difficult tasks facing a live performer.)Surreal humour or absurdity (Surreal humour is a form of humour, stylistically related to the artistic ambitions of the surrealists, based on bizarre juxtapositions, absurd situations, and nonsense logic. A common element of surreal humour is the non-sequitur, in which one statement is followed by another with no logical progression.)Practical joke (luring someone into a humorous position or situation and then laughing at their expense.)

下在...下

药翻译：Medicine。例：膏药 plaster;salve敷药 to rub on medicine;to administer medicine毒药 poisonous drug弹药 ammunition抹药 to administer medicine泻药 cathartic仙药 taoist magic medicine下药 to prescribe medicine;to put in poison药粉 medicine powder药方 prescription药厂 pharmaceutical factory补药 tonic药皂 medical soap药物 medicine药水 liquid medicine药品 drug药量 dosage配药 to fill a prescription紫药水 gentian violet solution医药费 medical expenses内服药 oral medicine药剂师 pharmacist眼药水 eyedrop;eyewater西药房 pharmacy咳嗽药 cough-mixture火药味 smell of gunpowder火药库 powder magazine;magazine红药水 mercurochrome吃补药 take tonic草药商 herbalist

表示抽象名词：music音乐， topic题目， logic逻辑。表示“人”：mechanic技工 。表示“…的”historic历史的，magic魔力的

bark 也可以是woof 我是英语老师 希望能帮到你的英语

伊凡赛斯(Evanscence)Artist Evanescence Album Fallen Release Date Mar 4, 2003 Label Wind-up Genre Styles Rock Post-Grunge Alternative Metal Goth Metal Moods Themes Searching Bittersweet Reflective Cathartic Angst-Ridden Yearning Bleak Brooding Melancholy Ominous Dramatic Delicate Eerie Earnest Review by Johnny Loftus Fallen is the major-label debut of Evanescence, a Little Rock, AR-based quartet led by the soaring vocals of 20-year-old Amy Lee. Emboldened by the inclusion of its single "Bring Me to Life" on the soundtrack to the hit film Daredevil, Fallen debuted at an impressive number seven on Billboard"s Top 40. But "Bring Me to Life" is a bit misleading. A flawless slice of Linkin Park-style anguish pop, it"s actually a duet between Lee and 12 Stones" Paul McCoy. In fact, almost half of Fallen"s 11 songs are piano-driven ballads that suggest Tori Amos if she wore too much mascara and recorded for the Projekt label. The other half of the album does include flashes of the single"s PG-rated nu-metal ("Everybody"s Fool," "Going Under"). But it"s the symphonic goth rock of groups like Type O Negative that influences most of Fallen. Ethereal synths float above Ben Moody"s crunching guitar in "Haunted," while "Whisper" even features apocalyptic strings and a scary chorus of Latin voices right out of Carmina Burana. "Tourniquet" is an anguished, urgent rocker driven by chugging guitars and spiraling synths, with brooding lyrics that reference Evanescence"s Christian values: "Am I too lost to be saved?/Am I too lost?/My God! My tourniquet/Return to me salvation." The song is Fallen"s emotional center point and defines the band"s sound. Tracks Title Composer Time 1 Going Under Hodges, Lee, Moody 3:34 2 Bring Me to Life Hodges, Lee, Moody 3:57 3 Everybody"s Fool Hodges, Lee, Moody 3:15 4 My Immortal Lee, Moody 4:24 5 Haunted Hodges, Lee, Moody 3:06 6 Tourniquet Gray, Hodges, Lee, Moody 4:38 7 Imaginary Lee, Moody 4:17 8 Taking Over Me Hodges, LeCompt, Lee, Moody 3:49 9 Hello Hodges, Lee, Moody 3:40 10 My Last Breath Hodges, Lee, Moody 4:07 11 Whisper Lee, Moody 5:27 indicates Track Pick Releases Year Type Label Catalog # 2003 CD Wind-up 13063 Other Editions Edition Japan Bonus Track Import Bonus Track Category: Rock / Pop, Rock Label: Wind-Up Records Orig Year: 2003 CDU Part#: 5598939 All Time Sales Rank: 26 Catalog#: 13063 Discs: 1 Street Date: Mar 04, 2003 Studio/Live: Studio Mono/Stereo: Stereo Guest(s): Paul McCoy Producer: Dave Fortman; Ben Moody Engineer: Jeremy Parker; Ben Moody 1. Going Under 2. Bring Me To Life 3. Everybody"s Fool 4. My Immortal 5. Haunted 6. Tourniquet 7. Imaginary 8. Taking Over Me 9. Hello 10. My Last Breath 11. Whisper Evanescence: Amy Lee (vocals); Ben Moody (guitar, percussion, programming). Additional personnel: Paul McCoy (vocals); David Hodges (piano, keyboards, programming); Francesco DiCosmo (bass); Josh Freese, Rocky Gray (drums); Zac Baird, Chris Johnson (programming). Evanescence won the 2004 Grammy Award for Best New Artist. FALLEN was nominated for Album Of The Year and for Best Rock Album. "Bring Me To Life" won for Best Hard Rock Performance. The song was also nominated for Best Rock Song. Picture Tori Amos fronting Nickelback and you"ll get an idea of the sound behind Evanescence, an Arkansas quartet whose introduction to the world came via the DAREDEVIL soundtrack. With its debut FALLEN, Evanescence further pushes the envelope on the aforementioned description, with frontwoman Amy Lee pouring her light-yet-strong vocals into the aggro-rock workout "Bring Me to Life" and industrial trip-hop of "My Last Breath." Although guitarists Ben Moody and John LeCompt leave no riff unplayed on hard-hitting cuts like "Going Under" and "Taking Over Me," Lee brings a nice balance to the table with her gorgeous piano runs, which come to the fore on the very Amos-like "Hello." The perfect balance of hard and soft is met on "Haunted" with its ambient nuance stoked by clattering beats and loops, crunching riffs, and the use of a children"s choir. Goth-like in mood yet nu-metal in execution, FALLEN could very well have been where Amos" first group Y Kant Tori Read ended up had they not come along 15 years too soon. Cover Art: 400 dpi desceened CD Booklet, Jewel case insert and disc.

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狗的叫声用英语是Wang Wangwang

Really want to have a lonely time withNo matter how busy the day with breakfast was alsoAlthough this idea is obviously too simpleJust want someone with no matter where tomorrowLove never allow one of two mindsCathartic met a pity to miss the intersection ofIf I do decide to pay my heartCan someone tell him do not make me sadEvery time the feeling of love around him and then hold you tightEvery time the feeling of love and then have him around to tell you in clearStir your heart he covered your eyesAlso let you know where to go (do not let you know where to go)It seems that every time how you respond in suchThe only can not have a quiet world is your decisionHeaven and Earth are the only disturbed by the quiet of your decisionEvery time when love and then feel like he must be close to convince you

OneRepublic is an American, self-proclaimed "genreless" band from Colorado Springs, Colorado.[1] Formed in 2002 by Ryan Tedder and Zach Filkins, the band achieved success on MySpace, becoming the most prominent un-signed act on the website. They signed onto Mosley Music Group in 2006, and released their debut album, Dreaming Out Loud in 2007.OneRepublic made radio history when with their first single, "Apologize" received the largest amount of airplay in history with 10,331 plays in one week, the record only being broken again by Bleeding Love, a song Tedder also wrote himself. The remix version, featured on Timbaland"s album Shock Value was a massive hit internationally, reaching number-one in sixteen countries and gaining 10 million downloads (the largest number of digital downloads for any song to date)[2]. The band also achieved national success with their second single, "Stop and Stare". Dreaming Out Loud was certified gold in the United States, Austria, Australia and Canada.The band"s second album, Waking Up, was released on November 17, 2009.[3] The lead single from the album, "All the Right Moves" charted in the top ten in Ireland, New Zealand, Switzerland and in the top 20 on the Billboard Hot 100.Origin (1996)The first incarnation of what evolved into OneRepublic formed in 1996 after Ryan Tedder and Zach Filkins befriended each other during their senior year at Colorado Springs Christian High School in Colorado Springs, Colorado. During a drive home, as Filkins and Tedder discussed favorite musicians including Fiona Apple, Peter Gabriel and U2, they decided to put together a band. They enlisted a few musical friends and named their rock act This Beautiful Mess—a phrase which first attained cult prominence a year earlier when Sixpence None the Richer released its award-winning sophomore album, This Beautiful Mess. Tedder, Filkins & Co. had a few small gigs at Pikes Perk, attended by friends and family. Senior year ended, and Tedder and Filkins parted ways, each attending different colleges.[4]Early career (2002–07)Reuniting in Los Angeles in 2003, Tedder and Filkins formed their second band under the moniker Republic. Tedder, by then an established songwriter and record producer, had convinced Filkins who was living in Chicago to relocate. Nine months later, they were signed to Columbia Records. After a few line-up changes, they finally settled with Tedder on vocals, Filkins on guitar and backing vocals, Eddie Fisher on drums, Brent Kutzle on bass and cello, and Drew Brown on lead guitar. They later changed the band name to OneRepublic after their record company mentioned that the name Republic might cause controversy with other bands.[5]They worked in the studio for two and a half years and recorded their first fulllength album. Two months before their album was due to be released, (with "Sleep" as their debut single), they were dropped by Columbia Records. The band was beginning to gain prominence on MySpace, becoming the number-one unsigned act on the site.[6] The band caught the attention of a number of labels, including Timbaland"s Mosley Music Group. The band soon signed onto the label, becoming the first rock band to do so.[7]Dreaming Out Loud and mainstream breakthrough (2008–09)OneRepublic"s first single, "Apologize", was released in its original version from the band"s debut album Dreaming Out Loud. The song was also prominently featured as a remix on Timbaland"s 2007 release of Shock Value.The single, featured on Shock Value, was a major hit both in the United States and internationally. The song was the biggest radio airplay hit in the history of the Top 40 radio in North America, with 10,331 plays in one week, until its record was broken by Leona Lewis"s "Bleeding Love," which was also co-written by Ryan Tedder.[8] It peaked at number-one for eight consecutive weeks on the Billboard Pop 100 chart and reached the top-three on the Billboard Hot 100. The song sold 4.3 million digital downloads in the U.S. and was certified 4x platinum.[9] The song was a massive hit internationally, reaching number-one in 16 countries, including Nepal, Australia, Austria, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, Sweden, Egypt, Turkey, and the Netherlands. It spent thirteen weeks at number-one in Canada.The second single from the album, "Stop and Stare", released in March 2008, hit the top twelve on the Hot 100 chart and reached number 9 on the Pop 100 chart. The song, while not as successful as "Apologize", brought the band further into the limelight. Their third single, "Say (All I Need)", was released in the UK and the US in June 2008. In September 2008, the band released their fourth and final single from the album, "Mercy". The album was released in the United States on November 20, 2007, with international release dates staggered throughout early 2008. Dreaming Out Loud has sold 822,458 copies in the US and over 2 million worldwide as of 2009. It has been certified gold in the U.S.[10] However, critical reception to the album ranged from negative to mixed. Allmusic gave the album a modest review, stating the "album sounds derivative" but also "sounds cohesive and smoothly pleasant".[11] Robert Christgau gave the album a negative review, and termed it a "dud".[12] Rolling Stone gave the album 2 out of 5 stars, but placed the band in their "Artists to Watch" list, which featured ten artists that, according to the magazine, "...are bringing the future of music, today."[13]The band performed Say (All I Need) live on Fox"s So You Think You Can Dance in August 2007. In 2008, OneRepublic toured with Maroon 5 and Brandi Carlile. On May 21, 2008, the band appeared on the American Idol finale performing a duet of "Apologize" with finalist David Archuleta. In August 2008, OneRepublic performed "Apologize" and "Stop and Stare" at MTV Asia Awards 2008 in Genting Highlands, Malaysia. They won the Best Hook-Up Award for "Apologize (song)|Apologize", beating Beyoncé Knowles, Shakira and Rihanna.[14]The song "Come Home" was featured in an episode of Cold Case and The Vampire Diaries.Waking Up (2009-2010)On September 24, 2008, the band stated during a concert at the London Forum in England, they were working on new songs for a new album to be released in the summer of 2009. The band played one of the newly recorded songs titled, "All the Right Moves". The band relocated to Denver, Colorado to complete work on the album. It was mistakenly believed that the name of the album would be Today.The album, titled Waking Up, was released on November 17, 2009. A deluxe version of the album was released with four bonus tracks.[15] Three singles have been released from the album: "All the Right Moves", "Secrets", and "Marchin On"."All The Right Moves" peaked at #18 on the Billboard Hot 100. The album received mixed reviews from critics. It peaked at #21 on the Billboard 200 chart and has sold over 200,000 copies in the United States.[16]"Secrets" was prominently used in the 2010 film The Sorcerer"s Apprentice and in promotional material for the TV series Pretty Little Liars and Nikita and was featured in 90210 as well. It is also used as the music for Polo"s "The Big Pony Collection" men fragrance. Two songs were featured on The Vampire Diaries, "Marchin On" in season 1, and "All This Time" in season 2. Other songs have also been featured on the TV series One Tree Hill, Gossip Girl, and Castle. The song "Good Life" is featured on the advertisements for the film Eat Pray Love.OneRepublic was featured on Leona Lewis"s sophomore album Echo on the track "Lost Then Found". OneRepublic also collaborated for the second time with Timbaland on his album, Shock Value II, on the track "Marchin On".In January 2010, the band performed a live set for the UK"s The Sun newspaper, which included a cover version of Robbie Williams" song "Millennium".[17] On March 31, 2010, OneRepublic performed "All The Right Moves" on The Tonight Show.On June 5, 2010, the band supported P!nk on her Funhouse Summer Carnival Tour at Innsbruck.OneRepublic supported Bon Jovi at The O2 Arena on June 17, 19, and 20, 2010.[18]The band also went on to perform at The Today Show in April during the second half of the program. They were again featured as the guest for the show"s Summer Concert Series on May 28, 2010. On September 12, 2010, they played at the Help for Heroes gig in Twickenham Stadium, London.[19]The band is supporting Maroon 5 on their Fall 2010 tour. In addition, unconfirmed reports say that the group will be opening for JLS on tour in December 2010/January 2011.Third Album (2010-present)Rumors have been spreading amongst fans that OneRepublic has been working on a third album during while touring. Excitement grew when guitarist, Zach Filkins, posted a video on YouTube on the set of their music video "Good Life" that a third album was coming soon. A recent interview with Filkins by Alternative Addiction states that the album will further exemplify their sound and evolution: “We"ve been playing the songs on Waking Up for a while, and I think we are all beginning to feel like we are ready to have something new coming up."[20]Musical style and influencesOneRepublic"s varied style of music has been described by Ryan Tedder: "We"re no respecter of genre. If its a good song or a good artist whether rock, pop, indie or hip hop, they"ve probably influenced us on some level...nothing"s new under the sun, we"re a sum of a bunch of parts." They cite The Beatles and U2 as heavier influences on their music. OneRepublic has expressed a desire to move listeners onstage the way U2 does.[21][22]However, OneRepublic has often been compared to bands like The Fray, Maroon 5 and Coldplay. Allmusic commented on the band"s sound, "...OneRepublic recalls the melodies of the Fray and the vocal acrobatics of Maroon 5"s Adam Levine....and often favors cathartic, cranked-up choruses that Chris Martin has yet to tackle."[23] However, Tedder downplays Coldplay as an influence; "Their influences are our influences. The big difference, though, is that I come from a much wider hip-hop and urban background. I"ve been producing, writing and performing urban stuff, and I try to bring that into the group because we"re not trying to be a British band." Drew Brown also stated: "We aren"t all die-hard Coldplay fans, but because of the comparisons, we"ve done our research, and I"m sure we"ve got a large handful of common influences."

有： mimic ＝ To copy or imitate closely, 模仿,学样； 摹拟 arc ＝ To form an arc.； To move or seem to move in a curved path 形成拱状物； 循弧线行进 picnic ＝ To go on or participate in a picnic. 去野餐 traffic ＝ To carry on trade or other dealings 用…作交换； 在…通行 bivouac = To camp in a bivouac 露宿 frolic = to behave playfully and uninhibitedly; romp; 嬉戏 To engage in merrymaking, joking, or teasing. havoc = To destroy or pillage. 严重破坏； 毁灭 magic = To produce or make by or as if by magic. 用魔法变出； 用魔法摆脱； 用魔法得到； 使中邪 physic = 给…服药,治愈 1. To act on as a cathartic. 2. To cure or heal. 3. To treat with or as if with medicine. tarmac 使飞机停在飞行跑道上 To cause (an aircraft) to sit on a taxiway. To sit on a taxiway. Used of an aircraft.

ic结尾的单词表示形容词，“…的”。 如： static 静态的； fanatic 狂热的； ascetic 静欲的 表名词，“人或学科” 。 如： critic 批评家； lunatic 疯子； ascetic 苦行者 表名词，“某种病”。 如： antibiotic 抗生素； antiseptic 杀菌剂； cathartic 泻药 扩展资料 　　以ic结尾的单词： 　　energetic精力充沛的； 　　enthusiastic热心的； 　　fantastic极好的； 　　scientific科学的； 　　classic 第一流的；最上等的.；标准的； 　　electric 电的；电动的；导电的； 　　historic 有历史意义的；历史上有名的； 　　comic 喜剧（艺术）的 ； 　　economic 经济方面的、经济学的 ； 　　magic 有魔力的； 　　tragic悲惨的；悲剧的； 　　strategic战略上的； 　　geometric几何学的； 　　atmospheric 大气层的； 　　ironic 讽刺的

有点像野生的麦子类的

in and of itself意思是“就其本身而言”.这句话完整的意思是“这种虚构的暴力就其本身而言不会产生暴力” a beneficial cathartic effect 直译是有益的泻药效果,可以意译为“有益的渲泻效果”

Plot Synopsis by Hal EricksonTerms of Endearment covers three decades in the lives of widow Aurora Greenaway (Shirley MacLaine) and her daughter Emma (Debra Winger). Fiercely protected by Aurora throughout childhood, Emma runs into resistance from her mother when she marries wishy-washy college teacher Flap (Jeff Daniels). Aurora is even more put out at the prospect of being a grandmother, though she grows a lot fonder of her three grandkids than she does of her son-in-law. Flap proves that Aurora"s instincts were on target when he enters into an affair with a student (Leslie Charleson). Meanwhile, Emma finds romantic consolation with an unhappily married banker (played by John Lithgow, who registers well in a rare "nice guy" performance). As for Aurora, she is ardently pursued by her next-door neighbor, boisterous astronaut Garrett Breedlove (Jack Nicholson). After 75 minutes or so of pursuing an episodic, semi-comic plotline, the film abruptly shifts moods when Emma discovers that she has terminal cancer. Terms of Endearment won Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director and Best Screenplay for TV veteran James L. Brooks making his first feature film, Best Actress for MacLaine, and Best Supporting Actor for Nicholson. It was followed by a sequel, The Evening Star (1996), which again featured MacLaine as Aurora.---------------------------------------------Terms of Endearment (1983) is a comedy/drama classic, an entertaining film, but also a manipulative, soap-operatic melodramatic tearjerker, with an ending similar to Dark Victory (1939) and Love Story (1970). Its tagline was: "Have you come to Terms yet?" The feel-good, box-office hit from writer/director/producer James L. Brooks (his first directorial effort) was based on the novel of the same name by Larry McMurtry.The film, with three X"s signifying kisses below its title, was a major Academy Award winner in 1983, with eleven nominations and five Oscars - and Brooks was a triple Oscar winner! It won Best Picture, Best Actress (Shirley MacLaine - her first and sole win), Best Supporting Actor (Jack Nicholson), Best Director, and Best Screenplay. (Co-stars Winger and Lithgow competed against MacLaine and Nicholson.) The other nominations included Best Actress (Debra Winger), Best Supporting Actor (John Lithgow), Best Art Direction, Best Sound, Best Film Editing, and Best Original Score. Nicholson"s role of Garrett Breedlove was specifically written by Brooks for Burt Reynolds, who elected instead to star in the racing flop Stroker Ace (1983) - Reynolds" fifth film with director/former stuntman Hal Needham. (The role was also turned down by Harrison Ford and Paul Newman). Winger"s role of Emma was originally written for Sissy Spacek.The sit-com style film is about the thirty-year mother-daughter relationship between two women: stubborn brunette Emma (Debra Winger) and her devoted, possessive, blonde, widowed mother Aurora Greenway (Shirley MacLaine). A sub-par sequel, titled The Evening Star (1996) found Shirley MacLaine reprising her role fifteen years later, as a grand-mother to her daughter Emma"s three children, and Jack Nicholson with only a short cameo appearance.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Before the opening credits, the film portrays Aurora as a worried, newbie mother who checks on her baby every five minutes in the middle of the night and imagines the worst. In the baby"s bedroom, she stares at the crib of her infant daughter and imagines crib death: "Rudyard, she"s not breathing." She shakes her baby out of its quiet and peaceful sleep, causing the infant to wail - and Aurora to claim: "That"s better."Later, as a young adult, Emma rebels against Aurora"s attentions, and against her advice marries literature student Flap Horton (Jeff Daniels). As the independent-minded, individualistic Emma is getting in the car with her family to move from Houston, Texas to Des Moines, Iowa, away from her managing mother, she tells her:Mama, that"s the first time I stopped hugging first. I like that.As they suffer from unpaid bills (in a wrenching supermarket scene, young Teddy (Huckleberry Fox) hands back a Clark candy bar to the checkout clerk with a simple: "I don"t need it"), young mother Emma also discovers that her feckless husband, a college literature professor, is unfaithful and sleeping with one of his graduate students, and she retaliates with her own brief affair with a timid Iowa bank officer Sam Burns (John Lithgow).Meanwhile, middle-aged Aurora dodges the womanizing flirtations of her next-door neighbor, a boozy, beer-bellied, over-the-hill, former astronaut Garrett Breedlove (Jack Nicholson), even though she has turned 50 and is now free to date. They have a nervous December-December love affair - on their first, much-delayed luncheon date, he boldly tells the proper, well-mannered and stiff Bostonian woman wearing a frilly pink dress:Breedlove: You"re just going to have to trust me about this, this one thing. You need a lot of drinks.Aurora: To break the ice?Breedlove: To kill the bug that you have up your ass.In an unforgettable scene after lunch, Aurora and Breedlove ride in his silver Corvette as he drunkenly steers with his feet, sitting on the open roof and yelling: "Breedlove at the helm! Just keep pumping that throttle!" Soon after he cries: "Fly me to the moon," he is projected from the car into the water of the Gulf of Mexico. She splashes out in the knee-deep water to apologize and ask "How are you?" Characteristically, he jokes:If you wanted to get me on my back, you just had to ask me.Although they kiss, she fights back when his hand reaches for her breast inside her blouse, and accuses him of ruining their time together by getting drunk. When they arrive back home and she invites him in, he replies: "I"d rather stick needles in my eyes." Their barbed conversation continues:Aurora: I just didn"t want you to think I was like one of your other girls.Breedlove: Not much danger in that unless you curtsy on my face real soon.Aurora: Garrett! What is it that makes you so insistent on shocking and insulting me? I mean, I really hate that way of talking. You must know that. Why do you do it?Breedlove: I"ll tell ya, Auror-eye, I don"t know what it is about you, but you do bring out the devil in me.Although she considers Breedlove "arrogant, self-centered, and yes, a somewhat entertaining man," she phones him up and invites him to her bedroom one evening soon after to look at a Renoir painting as a pretext for sex (after fifteen years of celibacy): "I"m inviting you to come over and look at my Renoir." He quickly interprets her meaning: "You"re inviting me to bed." And she responds: "Yes, it happens to be in my bedroom." Again, he cajoles and cackles: "Is the Renoir under the covers?" The self-indulgent, horny playboy deliberately stalls and carries on a double-entendre conversation:Breedlove: Do I wanna come to your bedroom? Let me think, uh.Aurora: Do you?Breedlove: Just, just give me a minute...It"s a tough one...Yeah, OK, I guess so, sure, why not?Aurora: I"ll see you in a bit. Now, if I don"t answer the bell, that means that the back door"s open.Breedlove: The back door"s open! (She changes into a thin nightgown and surveys her body in a mirror as he arrives in his swimming trunks) Hi - I was doing laps when you called. Lucky for us, I only did eight.Aurora: (pointing to the Renoir) This is it! This is the Renoir.Breedlove: I like the painting. I like everything in here...Even though she calls herself a "grandmother," they clench and kiss voraciously. They stand on opposite sides of her bed for a final confrontation - and the strong-willed Aurora wins:Breedlove: I like the lights on.Aurora: Then go home and turn them on.The lights go off.In the heartbreaking, unexpected, tragic, cathartic and touching finale, Emma is hospitalized and dying of cancer. She is slowly reconciled with her mother during her terminal illness. In a stunning hospital scene, Aurora runs completely around the hospital desk while yelling at two hospital nurses to give her ailing daughter a pain-killing shot:It"s after ten. I don"t see why she has to have this pain...It"s time for her shot. Do you understand? Do something! All she has to do is hold on until ten, and it"s past ten. She"s in pain. My daughter"s in pain. Give her the shot. Do you understand me? Give my daughter the shot! (She gets the desired reaction, and then composes herself) Thank you very much.Emma says a final goodbye to her two young sons Teddy and bratty Tommy (Troy Bishop) in her Lincoln General Hospital room just before her death. After she has makeup applied to her face to cover her pale pallor, she speaks to them, but is unable to break through to her distant, over-critical oldest son Tommy:Emma: You both of you have beautiful eyes and your hair is too long. I mean, I don"t care how long it gets in the back, but keep your bangs cut, OK, it"s too long.Tommy: That"s a matter of opinion.Emma: Just keep it short, all right?Tommy: Are you getting well?Emma: (She shakes her head no) Look, I"m sorry about this but I can"t help it, and I can"t talk to you for too long or I"ll get real upset. I want you to make a lot of friends. And I want you to be real nice to the girls "cause they"re gonna be real important to you, I swear.Tommy: I"m not afraid of girls. What makes you think that?Emma: Well, you may be later on.Tommy: I doubt it.Teddy: Why don"t you shut up?! Shut up!Tommy: You shut up!Emma: Ted, give me a kiss, come on. (She kisses Teddy) (To Tommy) Tommy, you be sweet. Be sweet. And stop tryin" to pretend like you hate me. I mean, it"s silly.Tommy: I like you.Emma: OK then, will you listen especially close?Tommy: What?Emma: Listen real hard?Tommy: I said "what"?!Emma: I know you like me. I know it. For the last year or two, you"ve been pretending like you hate me. I love you very much. I love you as much as I love anybody, as much as I love myself. And in a few years when I haven"t been around to be on your tail about something or irritating you, you could...remember that time that I bought you the baseball glove when you thought we were too broke. You know? Or when I read you those stories? Or when I let you goof off instead of mowing the lawn? Lots of things like that. And you"re gonna realize that you love me. And maybe you"re gonna feel badly, because you never told me. But don"t - I know that you love me. So don"t ever do that to yourself, all right?Tommy: OK.Emma: OK?Tommy: I said, "OK."After a hug from Teddy and a reluctant kiss from Tommy, she asks Teddy as he leaves the room: "I was so scared. And I think it went pretty well, don"t you?"Soon after, she expires with one final glance at Aurora as Flap sleeps unawares. Aurora blames herself: "I"m so stupid, so stupid. Somehow, I thought, somehow I thought when she finally went that - that it would be a relief. Oh, my sweet little darling. Oh dear, there"s nothing harder."After the funeral, Garrett supportively pays special attention to Emma"s long-neglected son:Garrett: I understand you"re a swimmer. Me too.Tommy: But you"re an astronaut, right?Garrett: I"m an astronaut and a swimmer. Good-lookin" suit there. Wanna see my pool?Tommy: Well, I don"t know if the time is right and all -.Garrett: Oh, I think it is. Come on, I"ll show you the internationally-infamous Breedlove crawl. Just a little stroke I picked up out in space.

什么叫便秘？便秘的定义实际上就是正常人每天大便频率大概1-2次，如果这个频率明显减少，一周小于3次，那么肯定就是有便秘。特别是在这种状态下，大便是干结的，含的水分要少，病人就会产生大便费力、大便粪块干结，甚至有人拉出来的是小球状的，往往叫羊粪蛋样，实际上是粪便中含的水分少。正常人一次大便，如果除掉水分以外，它的重量大概就是在150-200g的范围内。水分如果含的很少，大便就会干结，这就是便秘。当然有些个别人一周就2-3次，但是排便粪便形态并不是干结的、硬的，也没有其他症状，排着也不费劲，这种并不一定就是便秘。

腹胀要分辨是器质性病变引起的，还是功能性改变引起的。器质性的病变需要积极的去治疗病因，功能性的病变就要针对症状来进行改善。

　　I"ve really enjoyed Megan McArdle, Mollie Hemingway, and Rod Dreher"scomments on the “tyranny of the home-cooked meal” article that Amanda Marcotte wrote for Slate. All three had some great thoughts about cooking, its benefits and simplicities, and they got me thinking: why do I love home cooking so much? Why does it not feel like a “tyranny” to me?　　There are a variety of reasons I love it, and several shortcuts I"ve picked up with time. One of the most interesting things I"ve learned—cooking is a lot like writing. There"s the KISS principle: “Keep it simple, stupid.” If I don"t have a lot of time, I can"t plan anything fancy. And oftentimes, simple taste better, anyway. So I"ve practiced a few simple meals that we rotate through the week. I"m learning when to be “artistic,” and when to just get it done: just as I shouldn"t launch into a huge philosophical blog post 30 minutes before my deadline, I shouldn"t start a big batch of croissants when I need to have dinner ready in an hour. You have to pay attention to your “deadline,” and plan accordingly. Some of our favorite simple meals:　　Breakfast for dinner. During the week, this often means omelets or quiche (it"s really easy to make!) with potatoes or a salad, and bacon. Shakshuka is good, too. On Friday nights or the weekend, we"ll splurge a bit: bacon buttermilk pancakes (husband"s favorite), blueberry coffee cake, and other sweet treats.　　A simple spread that people can mix-and-match, with things like bread, cheese, olives, grapes or apples, dried fruit, and various charcuterie. If I have time, I"ll mix up some hummus, and slice up cucumbers and carrots to go with. Everyone can sample their favorites and mix the various flavors they enjoy. I like to keep containers of pesto and fig jam in the fridge, for the bread and cheese—but a good olive oil and balsamic are fantastic on their own.　　Mix up a huge bowl of pasta, rice, or garbanzo bean salad on Sunday. Add in Mediterranean flavors (cherry tomatoes, olives, cucumbers, kale or spinach, and feta). Season with things like olive oil and balsamic vinegar, pesto, salt and pepper. We keep it refrigerated and pull out bowlfuls for packed lunches, or for dinner. It"s easy to pair with chicken and a salad.　　We love paninis. They"re so simple, and people can make what they like. Pair with oven-roasted potatoes and/or a salad. My favorites are prosciutto with fig jam, sliced pears, and white cheddar, and smoked turkey with Gouda and stone-ground mustard.　　Make slow cooker soups, or chilled blender soups. In both cases, you get to dump a bunch of random ingredients into a container that does all the work for you. There are tons of easy stew recipes available online, as well as chili recipes, and they"re both easy to freeze for future meals. Chilled soups are easy, and wonderful in the summer. Try gazpacho or a chilled cucumber(really good with croissant sandwiches).　　Sometimes, I try to get too fancy, or to experiment with too many different cuisines. I"ll attempt a time-intensive dish with too many steps, or get halfway through a recipe only to realize I don"t have all the ingredients. So here are some thoughts.　　Save new or complicated recipes for the weekend. This is my opportunity to try new things without running out of time—because there"s nothing more miserable than realizing you"ve made a disaster and a mess, and it"s 9 p.m., and you have nothing in the cupboard but trail mix and canned tuna.　　Choose one style of cuisine to be your staple, and stick to it. Not everyone would agree with me on this, but I"m finding it just makes sense. I used to try to plan one night a week for Mexican food, one for Thai or Vietnamese, one for Italian, etc. And it was fun—but that"s a lot of spices and ingredients to have on-hand all the time. Nowadays, I"m sticking to a more Mediterranean style, and keep a lot of the accompanying herbs, spices, and ingredients on hand. About one night a week, I"ll make Mexican, Thai, etc. This just eliminates stress over having tons of random ingredients in the fridge, and not knowing what to do with them all.　　Cook seasonally. This may sound counterintuitive—it seems it would be harder, and add cooking complications. But it"s actually helpful, because it limits my options. This summer, I"ve made a lot of tomato and peach dishes, chilled soups, burgers and grilled chicken, refrigerated pickles, ratatouille, cobblers and pies. I feel like I"ve started to master some of these summer dishes. But now, autumn is coming, and I can"t wait to cook with some of the season"s staples: squash, apples, broccoli, brussels, cauliflower, pears, potatoes, pumpkins, etc. I"ll have several months to work with each of these ingredients, to get to know their textures and tastes better.　　These are just things I"m learning, things that make home cooking enjoyable and interesting from day to day. It"s a creative challenge, something that takes both artistry and practicality. Cooking doesn"t make me feel abused or annoyed or frustrated, as a woman—it"s one of the greatest joys of my weekly life. After a long day of writing and staring at a computer screen, there"s something cathartic about chopping vegetables. It gives me the opportunity to experiment with tastes, textures, and flavors. I can make things that remind me of home, of my heritage—things like peach pie, baked beans, chicken and noodles. It gives me the opportunity to learn the traditions of the people around me, to learn how to make dishes that are important to them. People who discount cooking because it takes time forget the joy that can come from doing something creative and communal with our days: something that requires energy and service and love.

A most cathartic experience came over me when I viewed the much publicized "United 93". At once speculative and realistic, the 111-minute film will surely bring back the pall of fatalistic inevitability one feels about 9/11, but its more defining characteristic is revealing the untapped heroism and humanism of people caught in the most malevolent of circumstances. Masterfully written and directed by Paul Greengrass, this relentlessly intense movie covers that fateful morning when United Airlines Flight 93 departed Newark for San Francisco with 33 passengers and seven crew members on board.As it turns out, Greengrass"s heavy background in documentaries turns out to be a blessing in this treatment, as he tracks the subsequent events in real time and uses either under-the-radar actors or actual aviation personnel to play the real-life characters. Instead of focusing on the higher profile passengers to provide an emotional locus, which a more commercial filmmaker would have done, he encompasses all the passengers within the emotional purview of the film, including the four hijackers who killed the pilots and took control of the plane. The key dramatic difference is that we get to know not the people but the situation at hand. Consequently, we get a more realistic sense of the scale of the events that may have occurred on that flight. That"s not to say it is any less devastating. In fact, the last half-hour is harrowing in the most personal sense as the inevitable becomes reality.The power of the film comes from its surprisingly apolitical perspective and the inclusion of the ground personnel trying to comprehend the scope of all the redirected planes that day, in particular, Ben Sliney who effectively plays himself that day, the just-promoted supervisor of the National Air Traffic Control Center in Herndon, Va. None of the actors stand out because the film cumulatively achieves a verisimilitude that simply knocks me out. The film also does not pretend to be the definitive version of what happened on the last few moments of the flight. In an emotional sense, it is rather moot as we are talking about degrees of detail at that point. This is truly essential viewing.

Located in the southwest of China, Lijiang is a gorgeous and tranquil city. The city boasts numerous winding bluestone walkways, quaint little houses, and silently flowing rivers. If a city could be likened to a person, Lijiang would be a pretty girl in anticipation of meeting someone special.I met a boy on my trip to Lijiang last year. He seemed to have come out of nowhere. Yet we hit it off. We spent two productive days together—having the most cathartic chit-chats, leisurely meandering through those bluestone walkways, eating the best cheesecake in Lijiang, waking up at 5 am hoping to capture some nice sunrise shots, and gobbling down junk food at a local KFC. We became fast friends. It had never occurred to me that I would meet someone who I seemed to be on the exact same wavelength with.

便秘西医治疗(一)治疗1.非药物治疗进行健康教育，帮助患者建立正常的排便行为;防止或避免使用引起便秘的药品，不滥用泻药;每天至少饮水1500ml。主食不要太精过细，要注意多吃些粗粮和杂粮。因为粗粮、杂粮消化后残渣多，可以增加对肠道的刺激，利于大便排泄。另外，要多食富含纤维素的蔬菜，如韭菜、芹菜等，正常人每千克体重需要90～100毫克纤维素来维持正常排便。只有足够的量，才足以刺激肠蠕动，使粪便正常通行和排出体外。特别是早饭要吃饱，因为早餐后能引起胃结肠反射，有利排粪运动。排便要养成规律，不要拖延。如果经常拖延大便时间，破坏良好的排便规律，可使排便反射减弱，引起便秘。经常容易发生便秘者一定要注意把大便安排在合理时间，每到时间就去上厕所，养成良好的排便习惯。对于还没有良好排便习惯者，建议每天早晨去厕所蹲5分钟左右，经过一段时日建立正常的排便习惯。因为结肠运动有一定的规律性，早晨起床后人由平卧转变为起立，结肠会发生直立反射，推动粪便下移进入直肠，引起排便反射。坚持耐力锻炼，每天至少走2个公共车站路程;散步、跑步、深呼吸、练气功、打太极拳、转腰抬腿以及体力劳动等，可使胃肠活动加强，食欲增加，膈肌、腹肌、肛门肌得到锻炼，提高排便动力，预防便秘。腹部按摩也可预防便秘，从右下腹开始向上、向左、再向下顺时针对向按摩，每天2～3次，每次10～20圈。2.药物治疗目的是软化粪便，促进肠道动力，刺激排便。可根据便秘的程度，类型和性质，选择合适的通便剂，强调合理用药和个体化用药。(1)盐性轻泻剂：如硫酸镁、磷酸钠，由于渗透压的作用会很快增加粪便中水分的含量，半小时后即可产生突发性水泻。此类泻剂可引起水电解质紊乱，不宜长期使用，对有粪便嵌塞者可灌肠排除粪便。有肾功能不全者不宜使用含镁制剂。(2)润滑剂：液状石蜡(石蜡油)能软化粪便，可以口服或灌肠，适宜于老年人心肌梗死后或肛周疾病手术后，避免费力排便，对药物性便秘无效。长期使用会影响脂溶性维生素A、D、E、K之吸收，餐间服用较合适，避免睡前服用，以免吸入肺内引起脂性肺炎。(3)刺激性泻剂：此类药物有果导、番泻叶、卵叶车前草种子/卵叶车前子过壳/番泻果实(舒立通)、大黄碳酸氢钠(大黄苏打)。它们刺激结肠蠕动，6～12h即有排便作用，但会产生腹痛、水电解质紊乱等不良反应。长期使用可丧失蛋白质而软弱无力，因损害直肠肌间神经丛而形成导泻的结肠(cathartic colon)。此类制剂含有蒽醌，长期摄取后在结肠黏膜下有黑色素沉积，形成所谓的结肠黑变病，为一种良性和可恢复的病变。这类药物不适合长期使用。(4)高渗性泻剂：如山梨醇、乳果糖溶液，聚乙二醇4000等是含不被吸收糖类的电解质混合液。乳果糖是一种合成的双糖，由一分子果糖与一分子半乳糖联结而组成，人体内不含有能将它水解为单糖的酶，因此乳果糖口服后能完整地通过胃肠道到达结肠，并分解为单糖，随后分解为低分子量的有机酸，增加肠腔的渗透压和酸度，从而易于排便。乳果糖(杜秘克)口服15～30ml/d，24～48h即有排便功效。副作用少，在临床上应用广泛。(5)容积性泻剂：如非比麸，金谷纤维王、美特泻，因含有高分子的纤维素和纤维素衍生物，它们具有亲水和吸水膨胀的特点，而本身不被人体吸收，可使粪便的水分及体积增加，促进结肠蠕动。此类泻剂更适宜用于低渣饮食的老年人，不但通便，还能控制血脂、血糖，预防结肠癌的发生。在服用时必须同时饮240ml水或果汁，以免膨胀后凝胶物堵塞肠腔而发生肠梗阻。(6)促动力药物：一般不推荐作为常规便秘使用药物，但该类药物可以通过促进肠道运动，提高直肠静息压，加快便秘患者的结肠转运速度，可用于无便意的慢通过便秘的治疗。3.综合序贯疗法对于习惯性便秘，在训练定时排便前，宜先清肠，即用生理盐水灌肠清洁肠道，2次/d，共3天。清肠后检查腹部，并摄腹部平片，确定肠内已无粪便嵌塞。清肠后可给液状石蜡(石蜡油)，5～15ml/(kg·d)，或乳果糖15～30ml/d，使便次至少达到1次/d。同时鼓励患者早餐后解便，如仍不排便，还可鼓励晚餐后再次解便，使患者渐渐恢复正常排便习惯。一旦餐后排便有规律地发生，且达到2～3个月以上，可逐渐停用液状石蜡(石蜡油)或乳果糖。在以上过程中，如有2～3天不解便，仍要清肠，以免再次发生粪便嵌塞。文献报道，这种通过清肠、服用轻泻剂并训练排便习惯的方法，治疗习惯性便秘，其成功率可达到70%～80%，但不少会复发。4.生物反馈处理对于有直肠括约肌和盆底肌功能紊乱的便秘患者，近年已有较多文献报道采用生物反馈的措施，其通便的成功率可达75%～90%。反馈治疗法包括气囊生物反馈和机电生物反馈，是将特制的肛门直肠测压器插入肛门内，该仪器还安置一个可观察的显示器，可获得许多信息，包括肛门括约肌的压力，直肠顺应性，肛直肠处的感觉敏感性，使病人自己感到何时可有排便反应，然后再次尝试这种反应，启发排便感觉，达到排除粪便的目的。(二)预后一般预后良好。便秘辨证论治便秘中医治疗（一）针灸疗法针刺大肠俞、天枢、支沟等穴。实秘用泻法;虚秘用补法;冷秘可加艾灸;热秘可加针刺合谷、曲池;气滞秘加针刺中脘、行间;气血虚弱加针脾俞、胃俞;冷秘可加灸神阙、气海。耳针疗法,取穴：大肠、直肠下段、肝、心穴。方法：王不留行籽压迫，每周更换1次。针刺疗法,取穴：足三里、三阴交、脾俞、阳关、中髎。方法：每次取2针刺疗法,取穴：支沟、阳陵泉、足三里、大横穴。方法：每日1次，留针15分钟，用弧度提拉刮针，中等刺激手法。按摩疗法一】、按摩腹部仰卧于床上，用右手或双手叠加按于腹部，按顺时针做环形而有节律的抚摸，力量适度，动作流畅。约3～5分钟。仰卧于床上，用中指指腹放在同侧的天枢穴上，中指适当用力，顺时针按揉1分钟。仰卧于床上，左手的掌心紧贴于中脘穴上，将右手掌心重叠在左手背上，适当用力揉按1分钟。 4. 推肋部仰卧于床上，两手掌放在体侧，然后用掌根从上向下推两侧肋部，反复做1分钟。仰卧于床上，用一手中指指腹放在关元穴上，适当用力按揉1分钟。仰卧于床上，两手同时提拿捏腹部肌肉1分钟。二】、按摩腰骶坐于床上，两手五指并拢，以掌根贴于同侧的腰骶部，适当用力自上而下地推擦数次，直至腰骶部发热为度。坐于床上，两手叉腰，两拇指按于两侧肾俞穴上，适当用力按揉1分钟。三】、按摩四肢以一侧拇指指腹按住合谷穴，轻轻揉动，以酸胀感为宜，每侧1分钟，共2分钟。合谷穴是全身四大保健穴之一，也是清热止痛的良穴，可以有效缓解因便秘造成的头晕、饮食不振、情绪烦躁、黄褐斑、痤疮和腹痛等症。以一侧拇指指腹按住支沟穴，轻轻揉动，以酸胀感为宜，每侧1分钟，共2分钟。支沟穴是治疗便秘的特效穴。坐于床上，两膝关节自然伸直，用拇指指腹按在同侧的足三里穴上，适当用力按揉1分钟，感觉酸胀为度。坐于床上，两膝关节自然伸直，用拇指指腹按于同侧的三阴交穴上，适当用力按揉1分钟，感觉以酸胀为度。以上的自我按摩法能调理肠胃功能，锻炼腹肌张力，增强体质，尤其适于慢性便秘的人。但必须坚持早晚各按摩一遍，手法应轻快、灵活，以腹部按摩为主。（二）治疗便秘验方1 、白术散治疗便秘 取生白术适量 ,粉碎成极细末 ,每次服用白术散 10克 ,每天 3次。此法对虚性便秘疗效颇佳 ,一般用药 3～ 5天 ,大便即可恢复正常 ,大便正常后即可停药 ,以后每星期服药 2～ 3天 ,即可长期保持大便正常。2.芍甘汤加味治便秘 :取生白芍 30克 ,生甘草 20克 ,枳实 15克 ,加水 2碗煎成大半碗 ,每天 1剂 ,分 2次服用。此方治疗各种原因所致的便秘 9 5例 ,疗效满意。此法特别适用于老年、久病体弱的成人便秘患者 ,但孕妇慎用。3.连翘治疗便秘 :取连翘 15～ 30克 ,煎沸当茶饮 ,每日 1剂。小儿可兑白糖或冰糖 (不兑糖效果更好 )服用。持续服用 1～ 2周 ,即可停服。此方特别适用于手术后便秘、妇女 (妊期、经期、产后 )便秘、外伤后 (颅脑损伤、腰椎骨折、截瘫 )便秘、高血压便秘、习惯性便秘、老年无力性便秘、脑血管病便秘及癌症便秘等。4.车前子治疗便秘 :每日取车前子 30克 ,加水煎煮成 150毫升 ,每日 3次 ,饭前服 , 1周为 1个疗程。一般治疗 1～ 4个疗程即可痊愈。服药期间停服其他药物。本方不仅可以治疗便秘 ,而且还有降血压作用 ,特别适用高血压而兼便秘患者。另外 ,以车前子为主治疗糖尿病便秘患者 ,均有明显的近期、远期疗效。5.昆布治疗便秘 :昆布 60克 ,温水浸泡几分钟 ,加水煮熟后 ,取出昆布待适宜温度 ,拌入少许姜、葱末 ,加盐、醋、酱油适量 , 1次吃完 ,每天 1次。6.生甘草治疗便秘 取生甘草 2克 ,用 15～ 20毫升开水冲泡服用。每日 1剂。本法专治婴幼儿便秘 ,效果满意 ,一般用药 7～ 15天即可防止复发。7.胖大海治疗便秘 取胖大海 5枚 ,放在茶杯或碗里 ,用沸水约 150毫升冲泡 15分钟 ,待其发大后 ,少量分次频颇饮服 ,并且将涨大的胖大海也慢慢吃下 ,胖大海的核仁勿吃 ,一般饮服1天大便即可通畅。8.蒲公英治疗便秘 取蒲公英干品或鲜品60～ 9 0克 ,加水煎至 100～ 200毫升 ,鲜品煮 20分钟 ,干品煮 30分钟 ,每日 1剂饮服 ,年龄小服药困难者 ,可分次服用 ,可加适量的白糖或蜂蜜以调味。9 .桑椹子治疗便秘 取桑椹子 50克 ,加水500毫升 ,煎煮成 250毫升 ,加适量冰糖 ,以上为 1日量 , 1日服 1次 , 5天为 1个疗程。10.决明子治疗便秘取决明子 20克 ,放置茶杯内 ,以白开水冲浸 ,如泡茶叶一样 , 20分钟后 ,水渐成淡黄色 ,香味四溢 ,即可饮用 ,喝完药液后 ,再加 1次开水泡饮。

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A Summary of "Wuthering Heights" Perhaps the most enduring and affecting of the Bronte sisters" work is Wuthering Heights.Emily Bronte"s tale of heartbreak and mystery still resonates on an emotional level with its theme of doomed romance.It was written between October 1845 and June 1846,appearing in print finally in December 1847.Emily"s sister Charlotte spoke of the "horror of great darkness" surrounding the novel in her memoirs and it only received recognition after Emily"s death from consumption in 1848.Much of the first half of the novel concerns the passionate and illicit relationship between Catherine Earnshaw and Mr Heathcliff as narrated by a number of individuals:primarily by Mr Lockwood and Nelly Dean,the housekeeper of Thrushcross Grange.There is intrigue concerning Heathcliff who has taken over the Grange and keeps a clumsy boy called Hareton Earnshaw.We learn of how his morose and stern attitude began and the cruel twists of fate which have torn two families apart.The death of Catherine and the true intentions of the novel"s various mysterious characters have been the source of much speculation and even now Wuthering Heights remains genuinely harrowing and cathartic.

老年人便秘，可以吃一些富含膳食纤维的食物，增加饮水量，如果不能缓解，可以服用药物进行治疗，如容积性泻剂、润滑性泻剂、盐类泻剂等。富含非水溶性膳食纤维的食物包括：蔬菜、谷类、豆类、小麦麸皮、未熟的水果、蘑菇等。富含水溶性膳食纤维的食物包括：成熟的水果、海藻胶、魔芋等。药物包括：（1）容积性泻剂：主要包括可溶性纤维素（果胶、车前草、燕麦麸等）和不可溶性纤维（植物纤维、木质素等）。容积性泻剂起效慢而副作用小、安全，但不适于作为暂时性便秘的迅速通便治疗。（2）盐类泻剂：如硫酸镁、镁乳，这类药可引起严重不良反应，临床应慎用。（3）渗透性泻剂：有乳果糖、山梨醇、聚乙二醇4000等。适用于粪块嵌塞或作为慢性便秘者的临时治疗措施，是对容积性轻泻剂疗效差的便秘患者的较好选择。（4）刺激性泻剂：包括含蒽醌类的植物性泻药（大黄、弗朗鼠李皮、番泻叶、芦荟）、酚酞、蓖麻油等。刺激性泻剂应在容积性泻剂和盐类泻剂无效时才使用，有的较为强烈，不适于长期使用。（5）促动力剂：莫沙必利、伊托必利有促胃肠动力作用，普卢卡比利可选择性作用于结肠，可根据情况选用。建议患者在医生的指导下服药，不要自行用药，以免延误病情，或出现药物不良反应。

伊利莎白时期的戏剧在英国文学史中占重要地位，最主要的原因是伟大的剧作家莎士比亚就活跃于这一时期。The dramas of the Elizabethean Era hold an important place in British literatures. One of the most significant reason is that William Shakespeare, the great author, wrote his masterpieces during this very era.