barriers / 阅读 / 详情

美国陆军中“Warrant officer 准尉”和印度军队中的“低级委任军官”是一回事吗?在具体的营连编制中职位

2023-07-30 07:26:48
共2条回复
wpBeta

美陆军设立准尉的目的在于让他们在特殊的岗位上服务,而这些岗位需要比指挥官和其他参谋军官都更深的职务资历。准尉官的军衔设一级准尉至五级准尉,要高于最高级别的士兵以及军官学员或候补军官,但低于少尉。但即便这样,在其职务上的深厚资历可提高其技术专长,领导能力和管理技能,这使他们在陆军中非常高效。

印度军队中的“低级委任军官”是介于军官和士兵之间的特殊阶层,是联系军官与士兵的桥梁和纽带,在管理和控制部队方面起着重要的作用,分一、二、三级。 从总体上看,他们具有以下三个特点:一是文化水平较低,当兵只是为了谋生。他们大多是来自中下层阶级,入伍时文化程度都较低,缺乏系统的军事理论知识。他们一般家庭负担较重,只想多挣钱养家糊口,大多数人服役期满后本可以退休,但因收入减少不得不继续服役。二是军龄较长,有较丰富的管理和作战经验。“低级委任军官”由于长期在营以下单位任职,有较丰富的管理部队的经验,是印军基层的领导骨干。他们常年训练,不少人参加过作战,单兵技术较好,作战经验较丰富。在指挥部队训练作战方面,有的比正式军官要好。三是年龄偏大,体弱多病。大多数“低级委任军官”年龄偏高,最大的已过50岁,因而体质衰弱,患病较多,对于长途行军、山地训练等均感到力不从心。

综上不难看出,美国陆军中“Warrant officer 准尉”和印度军队中的“低级委任军官”都是类似军队中的“顾问型的高级军士长”,是不担任正式指挥、领导角色的“德高望重”军人(不是兵,也不是军官),他们自成体系,级别晋升也有严格的任命权限和制度。

但是,和新加坡军队的“准尉”又有本质区别。新加坡准尉官虽然只是被视为辅佐军官的角色,但从1993年开始,武装部队就已经安插一些准尉到军事学校担任连长的职务。在那之前,连长向来由军官担任。2000年之后,一些军营和军校也陆续委任高级准尉长担任培训总教官(Chief Master Trainer)。武装部队也设立了旅级和师级上士长等高级准尉官的职位,并开始任用准尉官来担任一些军训学校的最高决策指挥官(Commanding Officer,简称CO)。

但是,美国陆军中“Warrant officer 准尉”和印度军队中的“低级委任军官”是严格的不担任正式的指挥、领导职务和角色。

wio

美国当兵分: 委任 commissioned 和 征募 enlisted 二种

委任最低由 Second lieutenant 少尉起

征募里的 NCO (non-commissioned officer非委任军官) 最高是WO, 等级在 Sergeant 军士长和少尉之间,

一般情况下, WO 不是带兵的职位. 而是有特殊技能的专才, (如 爆破,机械等)

新加坡的 NCO 叫 Specialist (军事专才)

相关推荐

commissioned是什么意思

commissioned 委托
2023-07-30 00:46:592

受的委托,怎么翻成英文

受委托on commission;commissioned;authorized;entrusted更多释义>>[网络短语]受委托 i.;on commission;Entrusted受款委托 Einziehungsauftrag受人委托人 trustee
2023-07-30 00:47:111

受到委托 用英语怎么说

be entursted by xxxx
2023-07-30 00:47:346

2011年英语二?

你的是要参加自考吗?
2023-07-30 00:48:473

commission art是什么意思

就是给画家一个作业,画这样这样的内容,感觉什么的,画完了给钱
2023-07-30 00:49:084

“代售”用英语怎么说?

be commissioned to sell sth.
2023-07-30 00:49:194

请问,英语被动语态,这里用by you还是by me?

第一句you是动作commission的承受者,变成被动语态时应该用to you.第二句accounting firms 也是动作commission的承受者者,用被动语态时也应该是to accounting firms.总之,“是动作承受者时用to,是执行者时用by”。
2023-07-30 00:49:273

求助:中译英

Advisory services contract This contract commissioned by the Advisory (XXX, hereinafter referred to as the commission) on the one hand, XXXX (hereinafter referred to the Advisory) on the other, on December 1, 2007 signed. In view of the intent of the advisory commission to the completion of investment projects by the advisory services and advice to employers who have indicated that their demand for the services of professional and technical, personnel and technical resources, and agreed to provide services, the two sides hereby agree as follows terms of the signing of this contract: 1. Definition Unless otherwise specified in the contract, this contract the following terms have the following meanings: A), "commissioned by side" means XXX; B) "advisory" means XXXX; C) "applicable law" means the People"s Republic of China have the force of law within the legal and other documents; D) "contract" means the advisory commission and the signing of the contract between; E) "foreign currency" refers to any non - RMB currency; F) "service" means in accordance with the terms of the contract consultant for the completion of this project and the work carried out; 2. The law applicable to contracts and the use of language The terms of this contract and the meaning and interpretation of the contract as well as the People"s Republic of the relationship between the two legal constraints. This contract to write in both English and Chinese languages, but this contract and the meaning of the contract, whichever is explained in English. 3. The address of the implementation of the contract Advisory services in the United States, Europe and China. 4. Revenue Advisory and their staff should pay their own companies and personal income tax, paid by the People"s Republic of China under the law applicable to other relevant tax levy. 5. The beginning of the contract, completed modification and termination A) after the signing of the contract effective immediately. If the contract signed within 60 days can not be implemented, the signatories to the arbitrary party has the right to declare the contract null and void. B) Advisory in this contract shall take effect two weeks after the beginning of the implementation of the advisory services and completed within two years all advisory services. C) of this contract will be valid for two years from the date of signing the contract, when the contract expires automatically lapse. D) unless the two sides signed a written amendment, otherwise, the contract can not be any changes and modifications. 6. The obligations of the Advisory A) advice to make every effort to efficiently according to the international advisory body recognized by the allied technologies and practices, as well as consulting and advisory services standards fulfill obligations. B) consultant in the performance of this contract, and should not be acceptable to gain commissions, rebates or similar payments. C) advisory will be in the end of each month, "commission" for services to submit a progress report. D) All requirements of the contract completed by the advisory services should work by the "commission" for inspection, and to get it authorized. Consultant to the workload of advisory services, responsible for the correct and integrity. 7. Commissioned by the responsibilities and obligations A) shall make every effort to ensure that their clients for advice to the government of the PRC issued in the process of consulting services necessary work permits and other relevant documents. B) under this contract performed by the advisory services will be commissioned by the side of this contract clause 8 of the methods provided to the Advisory pay. 8. The payment of the Advisory A) The contract involves all costs, by wire transfer, through advisory accounts on trip to China Construction Bank, paid with dollars. All occurred in China"s foreign bank charges borne by the advisory. B), commissioned a quarterly basis and project progress are all paid consulting advisory fees. C) All of these payments under the contract should be paid to the consulting side of the China Construction Bank accounts. 9. Fair and Credit The two sides will mutually equitable treatment enjoyed by the contract the rights conferred, and to take all reasonable measures to ensure the implementation of this contract. 10. Dispute settlement A) The parties shall make all efforts to amicably resolve this contract due to or arising out of this contract and all the controversy related. B) if not between the two sides due to the amicable settlement of the contract and this contract or the dispute, either party may apply to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission brought to the arbitration. Arbitrator arbitral awards made by the parties should accept the decision as final, binding on both sides. Arbitration costs should be borne lost. In the above date the parties signed this contract, is hereby evidence.
2023-07-30 00:49:352

麻烦各位英文高手帮忙翻译--委托合同

Affair the bailee Article 1 , the consignor are entrusted is handled _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. The bailee second handles extent of authority and concrete call for affair"s is entrusted as follows _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Self _ _ _ moon _ _ _ annual _ _ _ third entrusting a time limit gradually gradually stops till the moon _ _ _ annual _ _ _ _ _ _. Fourth, the consignor allows a bailee to entrust third people treatment with to entrusting the affair handling to rotate. Fifth, the bailee has will entrust affair treatment condition to the advisory duty entrusting method. The consignor sixth pays a bailee handle the way entrusting office to pay the cost time as follows- - - - - Article 7 , commission and method of payment Condition that eighth , of contracts relieve Responsibility ninth breaking a contract Tenth arrange item other Eleventh , of contracts have not assumed regulation"s , carry out according to the regulation of "Contract Law of the People"s Republic of China ". Twelfth , contract one style share , both sides, hold share respectively , have the equal legal effect.
2023-07-30 00:49:433

英语翻译 1、试验员 2、试验负责人 3、审核 4、委托单位 5、被委托单位

Test member 试验员 Test charge 试验负责人 Audit 审核 Units commissioned 委托单位 Units have been commissioned 被委托单位
2023-07-30 00:49:501

受托人无转委托权英语怎么说

答案我通过消息发给你了!
2023-07-30 00:50:093

授权人 被授权人 英语怎么说?

grantor grantee
2023-07-30 00:50:208

求翻译,谢谢

我,院长洛根,洛杉机县,加利福尼亚州,并在该县特此证明弗朗西斯科是哈维尔所有,在签约时正式委托,代理公证人资格,在任何部分的加利福尼亚州,县洛杉机,授权等公证任何这种状态,授权采取确认或证明代理权,抵押,转让行为,资助,和其他文书的写作执行的任何人,并采取证言和主持宣誓,誓词宣誓书和所有事务事件职责的人员或被使用在任何法院,法官,官,或董事会。”
2023-07-30 00:50:382

be commissioned是什么意思

be commissioned [词典] [法] 受托; [例句]Not qualified, shall be commissioned by the property management enterprise management.没有合格的,应委托物业管理企业管理。
2023-07-30 00:51:091

受XX公司委托,这句话用英文该怎么说?谢谢大家!

I was commissioned by XX company.
2023-07-30 00:51:348

委托发布单位 英文怎么说?是大学四六级证上的一个名词

Published commissioned unit
2023-07-30 00:51:502

翻译船舶的海事文件,谢谢

说详细点好吗?
2023-07-30 00:52:042

委托书翻译

Power of attorneyTurkey"s ambassador to China Consulate General Shanghai:Client: XXX, male, XXXX year x month x day of birth, ID number:XXXXXX, passport number: xxxxx, now living in the town of xxxxxx xxx, xxx xxx County XXX village group of villagers.Trustee: XXX, male, ID number: xxxxxx.Entrustment:I because working reason, unable to come to Turkey in the ChineseConsulate in Shanghai visa matters, specially commissioned Zhang Ning to handle. The XXX therefore signed related documents I approve.The term of entrustment to the above issues through far.The trustee has no right to transfer the commission.Client.Two, one three year x month x day
2023-07-30 00:52:141

委托公司英语怎么翻译

commissioned company
2023-07-30 00:52:383

委托单位和委托人怎么翻译?英文

commit unitcommitor
2023-07-30 00:52:465

委托某人做某事 用英语怎么说

delegate someone to do something.委托某人做某事
2023-07-30 00:53:173

全国大学英语考试委员会英文怎么说

"National CET Examinations Board of Higher Education Division Ministry of Education commissioned the release unit:"
2023-07-30 00:53:274

求财务方面的英文术语!

一、 资产类 Assets 流动资产 Current assets 货币资金 Cash and cash equivalents 1001 现金 Cash 1002 银行存款 Cash in bank 1009 其他货币资金 Other cash and cash equivalents 100901 外埠存款 Other city Cash in bank 100902 银行本票 Cashier""s cheque 100903 银行汇票 Bank draft 100904 信用卡 Credit card 100905 信用证保证金 L/C Guarantee deposits 100906 存出投资款 Refundable deposits 1101 短期投资 Short-term investments 110101 股票 Short-term investments - stock 110102 债券 Short-term investments - corporate bonds 110103 基金 Short-term investments - corporate funds 110110 其他 Short-term investments - other 1102 短期投资跌价准备 Short-term investments falling price reserves 应收款 Account receivable 1111 应收票据 Note receivable 银行承兑汇票 Bank acceptance 商业承兑汇票 Trade acceptance 1121 应收股利 Dividend receivable 1122 应收利息 Interest receivable 1131 应收账款 Account receivable 1133 其他应收款 Other notes receivable 1141 坏账准备 Bad debt reserves 1151 预付账款 Advance money 1161 应收补贴款 Cover deficit by state subsidies of receivable 库存资产 Inventories 1201 物资采购 Supplies purchasing 1211 原材料 Raw materials 1221 包装物 Wrappage 1231 低值易耗品 Low-value consumption goods 1232 材料成本差异 Materials cost variance 1241 自制半成品 Semi-Finished goods 1243 库存商品 Finished goods 1244 商品进销差价 Differences between purchasing and selling price 1251 委托加工物资 Work in process - outsourced 1261 委托代销商品 Trust to and sell the goods on a commission basis 1271 受托代销商品 Commissioned and sell the goods on a commission basis 1281 存货跌价准备 Inventory falling price reserves 1291 分期收款发出商品 Collect money and send out the goods by stages 1301 待摊费用 Deferred and prepaid expenses 长期投资 Long-term investment 1401 长期股权投资 Long-term investment on stocks 140101 股票投资 Investment on stocks 140102 其他股权投资 Other investment on stocks 1402 长期债权投资 Long-term investment on bonds 140201 债券投资 Investment on bonds 140202 其他债权投资 Other investment on bonds 1421 长期投资减值准备 Long-term investments depreciation reserves 股权投资减值准备 Stock rights investment depreciation reserves 债权投资减值准备 Bcreditor""s rights investment depreciation reserves 1431 委托贷款 Entrust loans 143101 本金 Principal 143102 利息 Interest 143103 减值准备 Depreciation reserves 1501 固定资产 Fixed assets 房屋 Building 建筑物 Structure 机器设备 Machinery equipment 运输设备 Transportation facilities 工具器具 Instruments and implement 1502 累计折旧 Accumulated depreciation 1505 固定资产减值准备 Fixed assets depreciation reserves 房屋、建筑物减值准备 Building/structure depreciation reserves 机器设备减值准备 Machinery equipment depreciation reserves 1601 工程物资 Project goods and material 160101 专用材料 Special-purpose material 160102 专用设备 Special-purpose equipment 160103 预付大型设备款 Prepayments for equipment 160104 为生产准备的工具及器具 Preparative instruments and implement for fabricate 1603 在建工程 Construction-in-process 安装工程 Erection works 在安装设备 Erecting equipment-in-process 技术改造工程 Technical innovation project 大修理工程 General overhaul project 1605 在建工程减值准备 Construction-in-process depreciation reserves 1701 固定资产清理 Liquidation of fixed assets 1801 无形资产 Intangible assets 专利权 Patents 非专利技术 Non-Patents 商标权 Trademarks, Trade names 著作权 Copyrights 土地使用权 Tenure 商誉 Goodwill 1805 无形资产减值准备 Intangible Assets depreciation reserves 专利权减值准备 Patent rights depreciation reserves 商标权减值准备 trademark rights depreciation reserves 1815 未确认融资费用 Unacknowledged financial charges 待处理财产损溢 Wait deal assets loss or income 1901 长期待摊费用 Long-term deferred and prepaid expenses 1911 待处理财产损溢 Wait deal assets loss or income 191101待处理流动资产损溢 Wait deal intangible assets loss or income 191102待处理固定资产损溢 Wait deal fixed assets loss or income 二、负债类 Liability 短期负债 Current liability 2101 短期借款 Short-term borrowing 2111 应付票据 Notes payable 银行承兑汇票 Bank acceptance 商业承兑汇票 Trade acceptance 2121 应付账款 Account payable 2131 预收账款 Deposit received 2141 代销商品款 Proxy sale goods revenue 2151 应付工资 Accrued wages 2153 应付福利费 Accrued welfarism 2161 应付股利 Dividends payable 2171 应交税金 Tax payable 217101 应交增值税 value added tax payable 21710101 进项税额 Withholdings on VAT 21710102 已交税金 Paying tax 21710103 转出未交增值税 Unpaid VAT changeover 21710104 减免税款 Tax deduction 21710105 销项税额 Substituted money on VAT 21710106 出口退税 Tax reimbursement for export 21710107 进项税额转出 Changeover withnoldings on VAT 21710108 出口抵减内销产品应纳税额 Export deduct domestic sales goods tax 21710109 转出多交增值税 Overpaid VAT changeover 21710110 未交增值税 Unpaid VAT 217102 应交营业税 Business tax payable 217103 应交消费税 Consumption tax payable 217104 应交资源税 Resources tax payable 217105 应交所得税 Income tax payable 217106 应交土地增值税 Increment tax on land value payable 217107 应交城市维护建设税 Tax for maintaining and building cities payable 217108 应交房产税 Housing property tax payable 217109 应交土地使用税 Tenure tax payable 217110 应交车船使用税 Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT) payable 217111 应交个人所得税 Personal income tax payable 2176 其他应交款 Other fund in conformity with paying 2181 其他应付款 Other payables 2191 预提费用 Drawing expense in advance 其他负债 Other liabilities 2201 待转资产价值 Pending changerover assets value 2211 预计负债 Anticipation liabilities 长期负债 Long-term Liabilities 2301 长期借款 Long-term loans 一年内到期的长期借款 Long-term loans due within one year 一年后到期的长期借款 Long-term loans due over one year 2311 应付债券 Bonds payable 231101 债券面值 Face value, Par value 231102 债券溢价 Premium on bonds 231103 债券折价 Discount on bonds 231104 应计利息 Accrued interest 2321 长期应付款 Long-term account payable 应付融资租赁款 Accrued financial lease outlay 一年内到期的长期应付 Long-term account payable due within one year 一年后到期的长期应付 Long-term account payable over one year 2331 专项应付款 Special payable 一年内到期的专项应付 Long-term special payable due within one year 一年后到期的专项应付 Long-term special payable over one year 2341 递延税款 Deferral taxes 三、所有者权益类 OWNERS"" EQUITY 资本 Capita 3101 实收资本(或股本) Paid-up capital(or stock) 实收资本 Paicl-up capital 实收股本 Paid-up stock 3103 已归还投资 Investment Returned 公积 3111 资本公积 Capital reserve 311101 资本(或股本)溢价 Cpital(or Stock) premium 311102 接受捐赠非现金资产准备 Receive non-cash donate reserve 311103 股权投资准备 Stock right investment reserves 311105 拨款转入 Allocate sums changeover in 311106 外币资本折算差额 Foreign currency capital 311107 其他资本公积 Other capital reserve 3121 盈余公积 Surplus reserves 312101 法定盈余公积 Legal surplus 312102 任意盈余公积 Free surplus reserves 312103 法定公益金 Legal public welfare fund 312104 储备基金 Reserve fund 312105 企业发展基金 Enterprise expension fund 312106 利润归还投资 Profits capitalizad on return of investment 利润 Profits 3131 本年利润 Current year profits 3141 利润分配 Profit distribution 314101 其他转入 Other chengeover in 314102 提取法定盈余公积 Withdrawal legal surplus 314103 提取法定公益金 Withdrawal legal public welfare funds 314104 提取储备基金 Withdrawal reserve fund 314105 提取企业发展基金 Withdrawal reserve for business expansion 314106 提取职工奖励及福利基金 Withdrawal staff and workers"" bonus and welfare fund 314107 利润归还投资 Profits capitalizad on return of investment 314108 应付优先股股利 Preferred Stock dividends payable 314109 提取任意盈余公积 Withdrawal other common accumulation fund 314110 应付普通股股利 Common Stock dividends payable 314111 转作资本(或股本)的普通股股利 Common Stock dividends change to assets(or stock) 314115 未分配利润 Undistributed profit 四、成本类 Cost 4101 生产成本 Cost of manufacture 410101 基本生产成本 Base cost of manufacture 410102 辅助生产成本 Auxiliary cost of manufacture 4105 制造费用 Manufacturing overhead 材料费 Materials 管理人员工资 Executive Salaries 奖金 Wages 退职金 Retirement allowance 补贴 Bonus 外保劳务费 Outsourcing fee 福利费 Employee benefits/welfare 会议费 Coferemce 加班餐费 Special duties 市内交通费 Business traveling 通讯费 Correspondence 电话费 Correspondence 水电取暖费 Water and Steam 税费 Taxes and dues 租赁费 Rent 管理费 Maintenance 车辆维护费 Vehicles maintenance 油料费 Vehicles maintenance 培训费 Education and training 接待费 Entertainment 图书、印刷费 Books and printing 运费 Transpotation 保险费 Insurance premium 支付手续费 Commission 杂费 Sundry charges 折旧费 Depreciation expense 机物料消耗 Article of consumption 劳动保护费 Labor protection fees 季节性停工损失 Loss on seasonality cessation 4107 劳务成本 Service costs 五、损益类 Profit and loss 收入 Income 业务收入 OPERATING INCOME 5101 主营业务收入 Prime operating revenue 产品销售收入 Sales revenue 服务收入 Service revenue 5102 其他业务收入 Other operating revenue 材料销售 Sales materials 代购代售 包装物出租 Wrappage lease 出让资产使用权收入 Remise right of assets revenue 返还所得税 Reimbursement of income tax 其他收入 Other revenue 5201 投资收益 Investment income 短期投资收益 Current investment income 长期投资收益 Long-term investment income 计提的委托贷款减值准备 Withdrawal of entrust loans reserves 5203 补贴收入 Subsidize revenue 国家扶持补贴收入 Subsidize revenue from country 其他补贴收入 Other subsidize revenue 5301 营业外收入 NON-OPERATING INCOME 非货币性交易收益 Non-cash deal income 现金溢余 Cash overage 处置固定资产净收益 Net income on disposal of fixed assets 出售无形资产收益 Income on sales of intangible assets 固定资产盘盈 Fixed assets inventory profit 罚款净收入 Net amercement income 支出 Outlay 业务支出 Revenue charges 5401 主营业务成本 Operating costs 产品销售成本 Cost of goods sold 服务成本 Cost of service 5402 主营业务税金及附加 Tax and associate charge 营业税 Sales tax 消费税 Consumption tax 城市维护建设税 Tax for maintaining and building cities 资源税 Resources tax 土地增值税 Increment tax on land value 5405 其他业务支出 Other business expense 销售其他材料成本 Other cost of material sale 其他劳务成本 Other cost of service 其他业务税金及附加费 Other tax and associate charge 费用 Expenses 5501 营业费用 Operating expenses 代销手续费 Consignment commission charge 运杂费 Transpotation 保险费 Insurance premium 展览费 Exhibition fees 广告费 Advertising fees 5502 管理费用 Adminisstrative expenses 职工工资 Staff Salaries 修理费 Repair charge 低值易耗摊销 Article of consumption 办公费 Office allowance 差旅费 Travelling expense 工会经费 Labour union expenditure 研究与开发费 Research and development expense 福利费 Employee benefits/welfare 职工教育经费 Personnel education 待业保险费 Unemployment insurance 劳动保险费 Labour insurance 医疗保险费 Medical insurance 会议费 Coferemce 聘请中介机构费 Intermediary organs 咨询费 Consult fees 诉讼费 Legal cost 业务招待费 Business entertainment 技术转让费 Technology transfer fees 矿产资源补偿费 Mineral resources compensation fees 排污费 Pollution discharge fees 房产税 Housing property tax 车船使用税 Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT) 土地使用税 Tenure tax 印花税 Stamp tax 5503 财务费用 Finance charge 利息支出 Interest exchange 汇兑损失 Foreign exchange loss 各项手续费 Charge for trouble 各项专门借款费用 Special-borrowing cost 5601 营业外支出 Nonbusiness expenditure 捐赠支出 Donation outlay 减值准备金 Depreciation reserves 非常损失 Extraordinary loss 处理固定资产净损失 Net loss on disposal of fixed assets 出售无形资产损失 Loss on sales of intangible assets 固定资产盘亏 Fixed assets inventory loss 债务重组损失 Loss on arrangement 罚款支出 Amercement outlay 5701 所得税 Income tax 以前年度损益调整 Prior year income adjustment想知道更多的请看http://club.ck100.com/bbs/readmsg.asp?id=15200701151306089655&tsml=cpa_zyjl
2023-07-30 00:53:382

销售人员英语怎么说 销售员英语怎么说

Salesperson
2023-07-30 00:53:593

美国军衔从列兵到五星上将,用外语怎么说,最好有军衔的图,就是肩章,给加成!

Marine Corps 海军陆战队General 上将Lieutenant General 中将Major General 少将Brigadier 准将Colonel 上校Lieutenant Colonel 中校Major 少校Captain 上尉Lieutenant 中尉Second Lieutenant 少尉Warrant Officer (Class I) 一级准尉Warrant Officer (Class II) 二级准尉Colour Sergeant 上士Sergeant 中士Corporal 下士Marine First Class 一等兵Marine Second Class 二等兵Recruit 新兵Army 陆军General of the Army 五星上将General 上将Lieutenant General 中将Major General 少将Brigadier General 准将Colonel 上校Lieutenant Colonel 中校Major 少校Captain 上尉First Lieutenant 中尉Second Lieutenant 少尉Chief Warrant Officer 一级准尉Warrant Officer 二级准尉Master Sergeant 军士长Sergeant First Class 上士Sergeant 中士Corporal 下士Private First Class 一等兵Private 二等兵Basic Private 三等兵Air Force 空军General of the Air Force 五星上将General 上将Lieutenant General 中将Major General 少将Brigadier General 准将Colonel 上校Lieutenant Colonel 中校Mayor 少校Captain 上尉First Lieutenant 中尉Second Lieutenant 少尉Chief Warrant Officer 一级准尉Warrant Officer 二级准尉Master Sergeant 军士长Technical Sergeant 技术军士Staff Sergeant 参谋军士Airman First Class 一等兵Airman Second Class 二等兵Airman Third Class 三等兵Navy 海军Fleet Admiral 五星上将Admiral 上将Vice Admiral 中将Rear Admiral 少将Commodore 准将Captain 上校Commander 中校Lieutenant Commander 少校Lieutenant 上尉Lieutenant Junior Class 中尉Ensign 少尉Commissioned Warrant Officer 一级准尉Warrant Officer 二级准尉Chief Petty Officer 军士长Petty Officer First Class 上士Petty Officer Second Class 中士Petty Officer Third Class 下士Seaman First Class 一等兵Seaman Second Class 二等兵Apprentice Seaman 三等兵Marine Corps 海军陆战队General 上将Lieutenant General 中将Major General 少将Brigadier General 准将Colonel 上校Lieutenant Colonel 中校Major 少校Captain 上尉First Lieutenant 中尉Second Lieutenant 少尉Commissioned Warrant Officer 一级准尉Warrant Officer 二级准尉Master Sergeant 军士长Technical Sergeant 技术军士Staff Sergeant 参谋军士Sergeant 中士Corporal 下士Private First Class 一等兵Private 二等兵
2023-07-30 00:54:193

问几个官职的英文名称

首先你得弄清楚你问的是军衔还是官职,你所举例子中有官职有军衔,官职与军职是不好比的。例如,gerneral指将军(或上将),而commander是指挥官,可以是将军也可以是其他军衔,这要根据他所担任的具体什么指挥官而定了。美国陆军军衔从高到低有:General(上将)、Lt. General(中将)、Major General(少将)、Brigadier(准将)、Colonel(上校)、Lt. Colonel(中校)、Major(少校)、 Captain(上尉)、Lieutenant(中尉)、 First Lieutenant(少尉)。另外,美国还有“四星上将”一说,这主要是个荣誉称呼。还要注意的是,美国海陆空用的军衔称谓是不一样的。
2023-07-30 00:54:353

求~!英文版!行李员的岗位职责

行李员的岗位职责1.为住店、离店客人提供行李搬运服务,做到入店客人行李立即送、离店客人行李及时取。Provide guests with baggage handling and transport service upon arrival and checkout. 2.认真填写行李进出及运送记录,分检入住团队行李和收集离店团队行李。Keep the detail records on baggage, help the guests check-in and check out.3.递送住店客人的信件、留言、报纸、挂号信、杂志等,向办公室递送信函、报纸、邮件等。Deliver items such as mails, news paper, messages, express mail, and magazines to guest rooms upon request. Also help deliver mails, newspaper to the offices.4.耐心回答客人的询问, 为住店客人办理小修理、购物、委托代办等事宜。Be patient when help guests, assistant guests in repairing, shopping, and some agent matters. 5.办理客人行李的长期或短期存放,并认真登记,保持行李房内清洁卫生。Maintain clean lobbies or entrance areas for guests. Assist in other front services areas including long-time and short-time baggage storage, keep details records. 6.送行李到房间时,主动向客人介绍房间设备及饭店服务设施Orient guest to all hotel features and facilities when delivery baggage to guest"s room. 7. 认真执行其他所指派的工作。Perform other duties as assigned.
2023-07-30 00:54:452

请大家帮我用英语翻译几段句子

Since the beginning of the Han Chiang"s retreating Jianghuai region. The years grew to the Northern Song Dynasty, in Taizhou, a hot spot that appeared on the coastal side of a wealthy south-east giants, he is Kang Hui. Although reputed JAC, but in the existing ancient historical texts, we can not find a shred of record on the Jen-Huey Chiang, and some appear to folk stories, legends. Some people even suspect that Jen-Huey Chiang their human existence. To the early days, archaeologists discovered in the Taizhou Sensen Chong Sung Chiang"s family cemetery, dug up the "so soldiers Lang Shou-Sung Kang Hui Taizhou Sima epitaph" and Jen-Huey Chiang daughter"s epitaph. Jen-Huey Chiang and his family began to emerge of the dust-laden history. As a record of the deceased"s life and sustenance for future generations grief epitaph to a history of weight. Contains very rich information, a very fancy Evaluation ... ... come from behind in a lot of information on those who write epitaphs possession with the highest respect for the deceased. Archaeologists epitaph by Jen-Huey Chiang and analyzed, and gradually learned about the Jen-Huey Chiang man and his deeds, and deeply felt study of its significance of Taizhou, the value of Sung. Jen-Huey Chiang word of public economy, Taizhou Hailing people. Epitaph set it as "Dr. Chen is both" person. The so-called "Wu-fu" means that "longevity", "rich", "Corning", "good morals", "good death." He was "between the cord due to loan money to friends and relatives, trade and moved to Road passers-by, hang two decades, commissioned Su Tibet with sulfuric acid and finally in hundreds of thousands, Hao Kwame Lvli." The secret of its success is "temporary has broken, good choice of people to make it Instead of giving out the inside door, while the seat were four sharp." He Chong Buddha, has funded the "build Buddhist temple hall 10, Gallery veranda hundreds Ying, but also India and set the two Tibetan Buddhist literature, a set Longyou Runzhou Jinshan Temple, a newly opened home state Monastery." Jen-Huey Chiang in his later years to respond to the emperor of the imperial, take the lead in money to help officers, was awarded the post of Taizhou Sima. After thousands of years of breeding habitat, the surname Jiang has become the most common surname in place, but as a family name "Ginger" the word is also deeply influence the culture of Taizhou names. Now, turn Taizhou maps, in order to crown the surname Jiang a lot of place names, such as the stack Jiangyan Yu Jiang Jia Zhuang, Jiangyan jiangduo Lu Jiang Village, wearing a north-south Jiang Xinghua Village, but most people delight in talking about when the pushing the eastern part of Taizhou Jiangyan, and "Jiangyan" is named after the legendary treasure numbers also inextricably linked with the Jen-Huey Chiang. "Sung History" Volume 97 "rivers and creeks Chi" reads: "Shaoxing early to Kinbyo trample tread Huainan, not yet been finalized back division, a four-Chao Wan Tau port gates burned Yangzhou, Taizhou and Jiangyan, Tongzhou white Po weir, The remaining various weir, and to make decisions Moriomi open burning, mining enemy ships to be unreasonable. " It is about Jiangyan the earliest records, which reveal to us the message that at this time Jiangyan specifically the weir, has not yet become a greater impact, and collectively referred to as the region"s place names Mention Jen-Huey Chiang think of Jiangyan mentioned Jiangyan will have to talk about Jen-Huey Chiang, which are inevitable. Although there is no specific facts to prove the relationship between the Jen-Huey Chiang and Jiangyan, but in fact the people have long Jiangyan Hui Kang weir built as a real legend. Jiangyan people to give this story a sense of community is the difficulties, these concerted efforts of solidarity tolerance. Today, Chiang"s son mobilize people to build the sculpture stands in Jiangyan weir dam mouth Square, it has become a symbol of Jiangyan become abstract Jiangyan ancestors of a representative to be industrious and brave people, the true portrayal of Jiangyan. 回答者: 炸弹在些 - 三级 2010-2-11 18:33 Since the han dynasty JiangShi beginning from the yangtze-huaihe region. Reproduction in northern song dynasty, and coastal land distribution taizhou appeared on a rich armour of it, he is JiangRenHui.Although a shock, but in the yangtze-huaihe existing in ancient ZhiShu we find nothing about JiangRenHui, some of the folk stories, seems just legend. Some people even doubt whether JiangRenHui whose existence. At the early days, archeologists discovered in taizhou dense zhuang JiangShi family cemetery, song dynasty unearthed lang keep those so JiangRenHui syma taizhou epitaph "and JiangRenHui daughter"s epitaph. JiangRen benefit their family history of ice-age began to surface.As the records on their later life and history to the epitaph for that. Abundant information contained, exquisite behind evaluation... Are those epitaphs written from a large amount of information on the infinite occupy and respect. JiangRenHui epitaph for archaeological workers through the analysis about the JiangRenHui gradually it, and deeply felt on the research of the value significance of taizhou sung.JiangRenHui words, taizhou "male. The epitaph for carrying it is "the tiny". The so-called "wufu" is "longevity", "rich", "good", "DE corning", "". "Because he Min between money and credit and moving path, trade, twenty years, hundreds of thousands of Tibetan Qiang millet, LvLi boast. The secret of success is broken, "temporary have good ZeRen to make the door, and the levites, and won four seat." Chung Buddha, he had built 一十座 shrive capital ", Ying hundreds, and print zhenjuesi for Tibet, a Buddha book for two RunZhou jinshan temple, a state longyou ChanYuan new ". In response to the imperial edict, the JiangRenHui grants the money, was awarded the taizhou syma.After thousands of breeds, JiangXing has become the place, as most of the name "ginger" word also deeply affect taizhou region name culture. Now, turn to JiangXing taizhou map, the name, such as a JiangGuZhuang yuduo jiangyan city jiangyan, Chiang XingHua village, COINS reed ginger ginger village north, wearing the most people relish when push taizhou, "eastern jiangyan city jiangyan" the name and the name JiangRenHui legend.97 "sung" volume of canal records: "early in shaoxing, JinBing cao huai nan, whatever is not retreat, four years, fabricated burned yangzhou harbor, bay head taizhou city jiangyan, tongzhou mammal, the white the dam and weir and princes should keep open fire, but not collaborating ship." This is the earliest record, but this information is revealed to us at the dam, originally this is referred to as the regional influence of namesJiangRenHui remembering jiangyan, brought about JiangRenHui to mention jiangyan, it is inevitable. Although no specific facts prove the relationship JiangRenHui and jiangyan city jiangyan, but in fact the people JiangRenHui builded the legend as true. The story of the person gives jiangyan is a group spirit, is the prerequisite of the nettle and unity of tolerance. Now, JiangShi LvZhong and build the sculpture stands in the mouth on the square, this dam has become a symbol of the city jiangyan, become the representative of abstract jiangyan, become the ancestors of the brave and hardworking people jiangyan portraiture.
2023-07-30 00:54:576

求花卉租摆合同的英文翻译

建议不要用英文,在中国大陆当然应该遵循中国的法律适用中文合同,同时也是为了避免出问题
2023-07-30 00:55:292

英语作文(关于奥运会的)

奥运会志愿者作文(1)I want to be a volunteer of beijing olympic games. I realized the time flies.I must study english very hard. Because English is very useful and it is very important. And to be a volunteer of the olympic games is good for myself too.I can make some friends from different countries and learn more about sport,about olympic. But the first thing to perpare this is study hard, I am confident i will to be a good volunteer and I will show the world:our country and our cities are so perfect in the world.奥运会志愿者作文(英文版)(2)Student societies in the capital city are entering into the 2006 cultural season activities featuring ethic and Olympic themes.At a press conference held at the Renmin University of China on Thursday, the organizers said the three-month season from April to June will involve members of the student societies in the publicity and practice related to the "socialist concept of honor and disgrace", Olympic volunteering, innovative cultural activities and so on.There are more than 3,000 societies in Beijing"s higher learning institutions, numbering some 100 regular and adult universities and colleges, with activities ranging from theoretical research, academic practice to public good, cultural, artistic and sports areas.Guided by the Communist Youth League, an association of Beijing college student societies was founded on December 9, 2004. In 2005, it waged the first cultural season.(3)I want to be a volunteer of beijing olympic games. I realized the time flies.I must study english very hard. Because English is very useful and it is very important. And to be a volunteer of the olympic games is good for myself too.I can make some friends from different countries and learn more about sport,about olympic. But the first thing to perpare this is study hard, I am confident i will to be a good volunteer and I will show the world:our country and our cities are so perfect in the world.(4)If I am a volunteer The Olympic Games will be held this year.I am so excited and I think the games will be interesting and also fascinating. But now, the important is,how should we do with the Olmpics if I am a volunteer? To solve the problem will be extremely difficult,because nowadays lots of people devote themselves to society and you can not hold an opportunity easily.So just try my best...... We can go to the English Corner to help them to send some DIY newspapers and go to the neighborhood to tell the stories or history about Olmpics to the people who are curious to learn. Also,we can go on the streets to find the problems such as putting away the trash anywhere,saying out the impolite words.That will be meaningful.I am sure that I will succeed.Believe it,do it!
2023-07-30 00:55:372

军士意思是什么

军士的词语解释是:军士jūnshì1.在武装部队中通常对士兵考试的基础上任命的下级军官,军阶有下士、中士、上士和海军下士、中士、上士等。英noncommissionedofficer;2.尉官和士兵之间的军衔的统称。分上士、中士、下士三级。例则军士惑矣。——《孙子·谋攻》则军士疑矣。军士之折臂断足。——清·薛福成《观巴黎油画记》守台军士。——《广东军务记》。词性是:名词。结构是:军(上下结构)士(独体结构)。注音是:ㄐㄨㄣㄕ_。拼音是:jūnshì。军士的具体解释是什么呢,我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍:一、引证解释【点此查看计划详细内容】⒈兵士。引《管子·轻重乙》:“终岁之租金四万二千金,请以一朝素赏军士。”《史记·樊郦滕灌列传》:“项羽既_军士,中酒,亚父谋欲杀沛公,令项庄拔剑舞坐中。”《三国演义》第四一回:“云勒马问曰:‘你是何人?"答曰:‘我乃刘使君帐下护送车仗的军士,被箭射倒在此。"”鲁迅《集外集拾遗补编·随感录》:“其时中国才征新军,在路上时常遇着几个军士。”⒉现行军制中规定的一种级别,指高于兵,低于尉官的军人。我国军士的军衔,分上士、中士、下士三级。二、国语词典兵卒。三、网络解释军士军士又称士官,其身份为士兵,但在军队中的充当“军官辅助”的角色。二十世纪以来,世界各国的军衔等级体系中都设有军士衔称,一般的区分为三至四级,多的设六、七级。关于军士的诗词《虏中作·闻有官军士》《京城围闭之初天气晴和军士乘城不以为难也因成四韵》《相传金与蒙古战兵败军士化为蚂蚁南苑西墙每年清明蚁聚如土堆名蚂蚁坟》关于军士的诗句军士隔重关军士冰为浆军士隔重关关于军士的单词stripe关于军士的成语全军覆灭狗头军师孤军作战横扫千军断头将军养军千日,用军一时关于军士的词语军令状覆军杀将孤军奋战大树将军败军之将全军覆灭横扫千军断头将军息军养士终军请缨关于军士的造句1、政府军士兵表示,政府军部队正准备离开亚丁的军事机构前往阿比扬省时遭到爆炸袭击。2、一个宋军士兵从马鞍上滚下来,大声喊着朝颖昌府大堂上跑去。3、在这以前,罗格已开过那种恶例,他不许法国羽林军士俘虏普鲁士士兵,违者处死。4、当晚,在费希女士用红、白、蓝三色装饰新制成的小甜饼时,军士长杰克正在自己家里依照他从互联网上下载的一份菜谱调制罐装烤豆。5、大部辎重都留在了商州,可饶是如此,两千闯军士卒依旧人人身上鼓鼓囊囊,装了不少鸡零狗碎的家当,既有金银,也有绸缎,甚至连女子衣裙也能找到。点此查看更多关于军士的详细信息
2023-07-30 00:55:471

WO是什么意思啊!

如果是拼音,那就是“我”的意思。如果是英文,那就是“喔”的意思,是一个叹声词。手机上标有联通,还有“WO”的标志, 说明手机是联通3G的定制手机。
2023-07-30 00:50:482

turn off, turn out 的用法与区别

turn off sth 离开一条路(以转入另一条路)turn Sth off 关掉机器或电器Please turn the TV offturn Sth. out 关掉电灯等 Turn the lights out beforeyou leave the room
2023-07-30 00:50:512

根据什么设计过热器的蒸汽进出口的位置

过热器(superheater)是锅炉中将一定压力下的饱和水蒸气加热成相应压力下的过热水蒸气的受热面。 类型和特点 过热器按传热方式可分为对流式(convection superheater)、辐射式(radiant superheater)和半辐射式(platen superheater); 按结构特点可分为蛇形管式、 屏式、墙式(wall superheater)和包墙式(steam-cooled wall)。它们都由若干根并联管子和进出口集箱组成。管子的外径一般为30~60毫米。对流式过热器最为常用,采用蛇形管式。它具有比较密集的管组,布置在 450~1000℃烟气温度的烟道中,受烟气的横向和纵向冲刷。烟气主要以对流的方式将热量传递给管子,也有一部分辐射吸热量。屏式过热器由多片管屏组成,布置在炉膛内上部或出口处,属于辐射或半辐射式过热器。前者吸收炉膛火焰的辐射热,后者还吸收一部分对流热量。在10兆帕以上的电站锅炉中,一般都兼用屏式和蛇形管式两种过热器,以增加吸热量。敷在炉膛内壁上的墙式过热器为辐射式过热器,较少采用。包墙式过热器用在大容量的电站锅炉中构成炉顶和对流烟道的壁面,外面敷以绝热材料组成轻型炉墙。
2023-07-30 00:50:511

谁知道我wo字的拼音怎么拼? 一,有人说我wo是整体认读音节,而且是普通话老师教的,这是怎么回事

wo
2023-07-30 00:50:583

祝福考试英语怎么说

问题一:“祝你顺利通过考试”用英语怎么说? Wish you pass the exam successfully 问题二:祝你考试全过 用英语怎么说 祝你考试全过Wish you pass all subjects. 科目 subject 问题三:关于考试的英语祝福语 天道酬勤。 God helps those who help themselves. God rewards the diligent. 预祝:马到成功! Congratulate beforehand for your achievement in the ing test. 静候佳音/佳讯。 Waiting for your satisfactory performance. 坚信(你)必胜。 Believing in your success. 祝:好运。 Wish you good luck. 好好享受考试吧。 Enjoy the exam soon, all by yourself. 供参 问题四:祝贺你!你通过了这次考试 翻译成英文 祝贺你!你通过了这次考试 Congratulations to you! You have passed the exam 问题五:祝你考试顺利英语怎么翻译 简单点的就直接Good luck! 要不就Good luck with your _科目_ exam/test! 比如英语考试顺利就是Good luck with your English exam/test! 问题六:对一个人说:请祝我考试顺利怎么说,用英语,要文艺点 Good luck to me,please say that to me! In the exam,(and always). 问题七:英语祝考试顺利的话 Wish you success / successful in the exam! Wish you to succeed / to be successful / be a success in the exam! May you succeed / be successful / be a success in the exam! Good luck with your exam! 问题八:求祝福考试的句子,要唯美一点!英语的,带翻译!!!求翻译 30分 No pains, no gains. 不劳则无获。
2023-07-30 00:50:581

一匹出色的马思维导图怎么画

一匹出色的马思维导图画法如下:1、在中心右上角一点钟方向画第一条思维导图分支。下图中圈红的地方。2、按照分支出量决定思维导图的分支方向,四条分支数量分别以顺时针方向画下即可,再一次标注好序列号。3、画完主分支之后,若还有细分支,则沿着主分支继续延生细分支,依次标注出序列号。下图中圈红的地方。4、细分支的序列标注规则从上下,文字书写从左至右。下图中箭头所指的方向为序列和文字标注书写的方向。思维导图的概念:思维导图(MindMap,又称脑图、心智地图)是表达发散性思维的有效图形思维工具。思维导图运用图文并重的技巧,把各级主题的关系用相互隶属与相关的层级图表现出来,把主题关键词与图像、颜色等建立记忆链接。它充分运用左右脑的机能,协助人们在科学与艺术、逻辑与想象之间平衡发展,从而开启人类大脑的无限潜能。思维导图是有效的思维模式,应用于记忆、学习、思考等的思维“地图”,有利于人脑的扩散思维的展开。思维导图已经在全球范围得到广泛应用,新加坡教育部将思维导图列为小学必修科目,大量的500强企业也在学习思维导图,中国应用思维导图也有20多年时间了。
2023-07-30 00:51:001

turn on turn off 和 open close的区别是什么?

他们的区别分别是:turn on 英[tə:n ɔn] 美[tɚn ɑn] 打开(水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等); (使) 感兴趣; (使) 兴奋; 发动; [例句]I want to turn on the television.我想开电视。turn off 英[tə:n ɔf] 美[tɚn ɔf] (把…) 关掉; 完成; 解雇; 转向; [例句]The truck turned off the main road along the gravelly track which led to the farm.卡车驶离大路,沿着通向农场的碎石小道行进。open 英[ˈəʊpən] 美[ˈoʊpən] adj. 敞开的,开着的; 公开的,公共的; 坦率的; 有议论余地的; vt. (打) 开; 开始; 睁开; 启动; n. 公开; 户外,野外; 空旷; [例句]He opened the window and looked out.他打开窗户往外看。close 英[kləʊz] 美[kloʊz] adj. 亲密的; 紧密的; 亲近的; vt. 关; 结束; 使靠近; vi. 关闭; 关; 结束; [例句]I"m close with her.我和她关系密切。
2023-07-30 00:51:002

电冰箱历史

1.电冰箱的发明在历史上有哪些记录 早在几千年前,人们就懂得用天然冰保存食物的方法,但这也是一件奢侈的事情,因为那时没有制冷设备,况且在热带地区或在炎热的夏季,很难找到天然冰。 18世纪,澳洲的畜牧业发展很快,羊肉生产过剩,当地的牧主就想把羊肉销往欧洲,采用的就是用天然冰冷冻的方法。 一次,他们在船上装上了 20吨羊肉,并装满了大量的天然冰。 可 是,到达英国的时侯,20吨羊肉都融化腐烂变质了。原来,在船经过赤道时,由于气温过高,船舱里的冰都融化了。 这件事使人们认识到,依靠天然冰冷冻食品是不可靠的。于是,有一些科 学家投人到新的冷冻方法研究中。 一个在英格兰工作的美国人雅克比u2022帕金斯有了一个发现,这一发现导致了冰箱的发明。1834年,他发现某些液体蒸发时会有一种冷却效应,便请来一群技工制造一个可证实这个想法的模型。 果然,这个装置在某个晚上真的产生了一些冰。技工们兴奋地拿着冰,向帕金斯 展示取得的成果。 由于帕金斯当时上了年纪,没有向公众展示自己的发明。把这个发明变成商品销售的人是生活在澳大利亚的一个苏格兰印刷工——约翰u2022哈里森。 哈里森很可能在并不了解帕金斯成果的情况下发现了冷却效应。一天,他用乙醚清洗金属印刷铅字,注意到了物质的冷却效应。 1862年,他的第一批冰箱上市了。 哈里森还在维多利亚州本狄哥里设置了第一个制冷车间。 英国物理学家法拉第在实验中早已发现了人工制冷的原理,但当时没有想到如何利用。这个制冷原理为后来的科学家提供了研究依据。 化学家林德首先注意到了法拉第的发现,通过大 量的实验,他提出制造冷冻机的设想,并制成用氨来制冷的冷冻机。 1876年,化学家蒂尔利用 林德制造的冷冻机,制造了一艘冷冻船,船上安装了一台氨蒸汽压缩式制冷机。 但是,由于在航行时冷却盘管漏水,致使系统失灵。当船航行到伦敦时,船上所载的羊肉还是全部变质了。 此 后,研究人员不断改进,直至1880年,世界上第一艘冷冻船才把澳洲羊肉安全运到伦敦。 1879年,德国工程师卡尔u2022冯u2022林德制造出了第一台家用冰箱。 20世纪20年代,电动冰 箱未发明出来以前,还没在家庭中普及,于是,有人开始研究小型家用冰箱。1923年,瑞典工程 师布赖顿和孟德斯发明了用电动机带动压缩机的电冰箱。 这台电冰箱的压缩机和食物冷冻箱是分开的,压缩机放在地面,以管道和冷冻箱相连接。 因这种冰箱的制冷剂有浓重的气味,影响 人的健康,且体积过大,并没有进行商业化生产。 1910年,世界上第一台压缩制冷的家用冰箱在美国问世。1925年,瑞典丽都公司开发了家 用吸收式冰箱。 1927年,美国通用电气公司研制出全封闭式冰箱。1930年,采用不同加热方式 的空气冷却连续扩散吸收式冰箱投放市场。 1930年,美国工程师米德莱根据化学元素周期律,选择了一组氟氯化物作为研究对象,成功地发现了理想、高效的制冷剂——氟利昂。这种制冷剂毒性小、不易燃烧、挥发性大,是一种 不错的制冷剂材料。 后来,发现氟利昂破坏臭氧层,便开始研究无氟环保冰利用电磁振动机作 本动力来驱动压缩机的冰箱以及利用太阳能作为冷能源的冰箱等。 2.电冰箱发展史 弗雷基代尔冰箱:冰冷、清洁、容量大。 20世纪以前,用冰箱保存食物是不可想象的,20世纪没有冰箱的生活是不可想象的 在冰箱出现以前,我们一直在为食品存放时间一久就会变得不再新鲜甚至腐败而烦恼。在低温环境中存放食品方法的发明,与屠宰业有着极大的关系。 19世纪末,欧洲的屠宰业者必须将活的牲畜通过火车运到别的地方才能屠宰,他们不堪长期忍受铁路部门从其手中获取大部分利润而终于发明了一种低温的运输车,可以将肉类放在里面运到外地而不至于短期内变质甚至腐败。这样,随时随地屠宰牲畜成为一种可能。 真正的电冰箱发明于20年代,1920年,纽约布鲁克林一家平板印刷厂的一位名叫威利斯·H。 卡里尔的工程师,设计出一种能控制温度和湿度的系统。 存放皮毛的窖主和牛奶公司经理根据需要进一步改进了机械冰箱技术。大约在第一次世界大战期间,出现了一些体积更小的家用冰箱,这是一种噪音大,易泄漏的新发明,实际上它只是在旧式“冰盒”壳内安装上电机和转动皮带,这使它的外貌看起来就像一种试验品。 1923年,当弗雷基代尔还是美国通用汽车公司的分厂的时候,它引进了一种新的机械冰箱组件,并组装成电冰箱。弗雷基代尔电冰箱的设计是把储存易腐烂食品的“冰盒”和制冷机械部分装进一个特制的柜子。 这种装置安静、方便,且结构紧凑。至此,一种新的冰箱式样随着到处可见的商标名诞生了。 此后,随着生产数量剧增,冰箱价格暴跌。到1944年,约85%的美国家庭都有了机械冰箱。 “冰盒”仅作为一个词汇流传下来。 如果没有冰箱,不但家庭主妇要劳累得多,而且许多生活享受,包括喝威士忌加冰都要大打折扣。 20世纪以前,用冰箱保存食物是不可想象的,20世纪没有冰箱的生活是不可想象的。 。 3.冰箱的发展史 电冰箱让鲜货随手可取 弗雷基代尔冰箱:冰冷、清洁、容量大。 20世纪以前,用冰箱保存食物是不可想象的,20世纪没有冰箱的生活是不可想象的 在冰箱出现以前,我们一直在为食品存放时间一久就会变得不再新鲜甚至腐败而烦恼。在低温环境中存放食品方法的发明,与屠宰业有着极大的关系。 19世纪末,欧洲的屠宰业者必须将活的牲畜通过火车运到别的地方才能屠宰,他们不堪长期忍受铁路部门从其手中获取大部分利润而终于发明了一种低温的运输车,可以将肉类放在里面运到外地而不至于短期内变质甚至腐败。这样,随时随地屠宰牲畜成为一种可能。 真正的电冰箱发明于20年代,1920年,纽约布鲁克林一家平板印刷厂的一位名叫威利斯·H.卡里尔的工程师,设计出一种能控制温度和湿度的系统。存放皮毛的窖主和牛奶公司经理根据需要进一步改进了机械冰箱技术。 大约在第一次世界大战期间,出现了一些体积更小的家用冰箱,这是一种噪音大,易泄漏的新发明,实际上它只是在旧式“冰盒”壳内安装上电机和转动皮带,这使它的外貌看起来就像一种试验品。 1923年,当弗雷基代尔还是美国通用汽车公司的分厂的时候,它引进了一种新的机械冰箱组件,并组装成电冰箱。 弗雷基代尔电冰箱的设计是把储存易腐烂食品的“冰盒”和制冷机械部分装进一个特制的柜子。这种装置安静、方便,且结构紧凑。 至此,一种新的冰箱式样随着到处可见的商标名诞生了。 此后,随着生产数量剧增,冰箱价格暴跌。 到1944年,约85%的美国家庭都有了机械冰箱。“冰盒”仅作为一个词汇流传下来。 如果没有冰箱,不但家庭主妇要劳累得多,而且许多生活享受,包括喝威士忌加冰都要大打折扣。20世纪以前,用冰箱保存食物是不可想象的,20世纪没有冰箱的生活是不可想象的。 冰箱的发明 一个在英格兰工作的美国人雅可比?帕金斯有了一个新发现,这一发现导致了冰箱的发明。1834年他发现当某些液体蒸发时,会有一种冷却效应。 帕金斯要求一群技工来制造一个可证实这个想法的工作模型。 果然,这个装置在某个晚上真的产生了一些冰。 技工们兴奋地拿着冰,跳进一辆马车,飞速驶向帕金斯的住房,向他展示所取得的成果。帕金斯此时已上了年纪,虽然他没有在市场上出售自己的发明物,但是哈里森的工作成果为类早期家用冰箱铺垫了道路。 出售发明物的人的生活在澳大利亚的一个苏格兰印刷工—约翰?哈里森。哈里森很可能在并不了解帕金斯成果的情况下发现了冷却效。 他用醚来清洗金属印刷铅字,某一天注意到了物质的冷却效应。到1862年,他的第一批冰箱就上市了。 哈里森还在维多利亚本狄哥一家啤酒厂里设置了第一个制冷车间。在19世纪末,只有专门造了冰库的富人才能享受到这种好处。 绝大多数人奢望的只是一个冷藏柜。 那时候,冰箱最重要的用途之一是在轮船上。 大型冷藏库意味着船舶能够在长距离航行中运载食用鲜肉,例如羔羊肉能从新西兰出口到欧洲。 德国工程师卡尔?冯?林德在1879年制造出了第一台家用冰箱。 但在20世纪20年代电动冰箱发明出来之前,冰箱并没有大规模进入家庭。 电冰箱是中国最早实现国产化的制冷电器之一,从80年代初起步,经过近20年的发展,中国电冰箱已占世界总产量16%的份额而位居全球首位。 由于在国内市场已进入成熟期,市场运行的基本特征是相对平稳,不会出现需求上的大起大落。电冰箱消费主要集中在城镇,农村由于受收入水平、生活习惯等限制,冰箱的拥有量较城镇低许多。 起源:第一台家用冰箱出自德国 冰箱是咱国人生活中绝对少不了的电器之一。早年间没有电冰箱的时候,不少人家都会准备一个大木头柜子,柜子下面可以存放冰块,在中间架子上可以存放各种需要冷藏的食物。 但即便是这样,也并不是家家户户都有条件享受得到。 不过说起第一台电冰箱的发明,还要追溯到19世纪。 一位英国人雅可比·帕金斯,在1834年发现液体蒸发的时候会产生冷却效应,于是寻来一群工人建造了一个简单的工作模型。模型正式投入运转的当天,的确产生了一些冰块。 随后一位名叫哈里森的苏格兰印刷工在清洗金属印刷铅字的时候注意到了液体的冷却效果,并在维多利亚州的一家啤酒厂里搭建了一个制冷车间。 第一台家用冰箱的诞生是出自德国的工程师卡尔·冯·林德之手。 不过可惜当时电仍未被大范围应用,因此冰箱进入家庭的规模仍然有限。直到上个世纪20年代中期,才有发明家将电动设备引入家用冰箱,最终诞生了家用电冰箱。 4.电冰箱的发展史 20世纪以前,用冰箱保存食物是不可想象的,20世纪没有冰箱的生活是不可想象的 在冰箱出现以前,我们一直在为食品存放时间一久就会变得不再新鲜甚至腐败而烦恼。真正的电冰箱发明于20年代,1920年,纽约布鲁克林一家平板印刷厂的一位名叫威利斯·H.卡里尔的工程师,设计出一种能控制温度和湿度的系统。存放皮毛的窖主和牛奶公司经理根据需要进一步改进了机械冰箱技术。大约在第一次世界大战期间,出现了一些体积更小的家用冰箱,这是一种噪音大,易泄漏的新发明,实际上它只是在旧式“冰盒”壳内安装上电机和转动皮带,这使它的外貌看起来就像一种试验品。 1923年,当弗雷基代尔还是美国通用汽车公司的分厂的时候,它引进了一种新的机械冰箱组件,并组装成电冰箱。弗雷基代尔电冰箱的设计是把储存易腐烂食品的“冰盒”和制冷机械部分装进一个特制的柜子。这种装置安静、方便,且结构紧凑。至此,一种新的冰箱式样随着到处可见的商标名诞生了。 此后,随着生产数量剧增,冰箱价格暴跌。到1944年,约85%的美国家庭都有了机械冰箱。“冰盒”仅作为一个词汇流传下来。 如果没有冰箱,不但家庭主妇要劳累得多,而且许多生活享受,包括喝威士忌加冰都要大打折扣。20世纪以前,用冰箱保存食物是不可想象的,20世纪没有冰箱的生活是不可想象的。 电冰箱的原理 电冰箱是利用蒸发致冷或气化吸热的作用而达到制冷的目的。电冰箱的喉管内,装有一种商业上称为氟利昂,俗称雪种的致冷剂。常用的一种为二氟二氯甲烷(CCL2F2),是一种无色无臭无毒的气体,沸点为29℃。氟利昂在气体状态时,被压缩器加压。 加压后,经喉管流到电冰箱背部的冷凝器,借散热片散热(物质被压缩后,温度就会升高)后,冷凝而成液体。液体的氟里昂进入蒸发器的活门之后,由于脱离了压缩器的压力,就立即化为蒸汽,同时向电冰箱内的空气和食物等吸取汽化潜热,引致冰箱内部冷却。汽化后的氟里昂又被压缩器压回箱外的冷凝器散热,再变为液体,如此循环不息,把冰箱内的热能泵到箱外。 参考资料:/zz/more.asp?name=yanruirui1&id=662 5.冰箱的发展史 冰箱的发明 一个在英格兰工作的美国人雅可比?帕金斯有了一个新发现,这一发现导致了冰箱的发明。 1834年他发现当某些液体蒸发时,会有一种冷却效应。帕金斯要求一群技工来制造一个可证实这个想法的工作模型。 果然,这个装置在某个晚上真的产生了一些冰。技工们兴奋地拿着冰,跳进一辆马车,飞速驶向帕金斯的住房,向他展示所取得的成果。 帕金斯此时已上了年纪,虽然他没有在市场上出售自己的发明物,但是哈里森的工作成果为类早期家用冰箱铺垫了道路。 出售发明物的人的生活在澳大利亚的一个苏格兰印刷工—约翰?哈里森。 哈里森很可能在并不了解帕金斯成果的情况下发现了冷却效。他用醚来清洗金属印刷铅字,某一天注意到了物质的冷却效应。 到1862年,他的第一批冰箱就上市了。哈里森还在维多利亚本狄哥一家啤酒厂里设置了第一个制冷车间。 在19世纪末,只有专门造了冰库的富人才能享受到这种好处。绝大多数人奢望的只是一个冷藏柜。 那时候,冰箱最重要的用途之一是在轮船上。大型冷藏库意味着船舶能够在长距离航行中运载食用鲜肉,例如羔羊肉能从新西兰出口到欧洲。 德国工程师卡尔?冯?林德在1879年制造出了第一台家用冰箱。但在20世纪20年代电动冰箱发明出来之前,冰箱并没有大规模进入家庭。 电冰箱的原理 电冰箱是利用蒸发致冷或气化吸热的作用而达到制冷的目的。电冰箱的喉管内,装有一种商业上称为氟利昂,俗称雪种的致冷剂。 常用的一种为二氟二氯甲烷(CCL2F2),是一种无色无臭无毒的气体,沸点为29℃。氟利昂在气体状态时,被压缩器加压。 加压后,经喉管流到电冰箱背部的冷凝器,借散热片散热(物质被压缩后,温度就会升高)后,冷凝而成液体。液体的氟里昂进入蒸发器的活门之后,由于脱离了压缩器的压力,就立即化为蒸汽,同时向电冰箱内的空气和食物等吸取汽化潜热,引致冰箱内部冷却。 汽化后的氟里昂又被压缩器压回箱外的冷凝器散热,再变为液体,如此循环不息,把冰箱内的热能泵到箱外。 6.求近代冰箱发展史 上个世纪的20年代,遥远的北欧瑞典,世界上第一台单压吸收式冰箱诞生。 谁曾想到,给我们的生活带来巨大改变的冰箱,当初不过是两个年轻学生为得到学位证书的作业而已。1922年,瑞典斯德哥尔摩皇家技术学院的两位年轻工程师Baltzar von Platen和Carl Munters递交了一份使他们倍受瞩目的学位项目——一台简单利用吸收过程,用热量制冷的制冷机。 启动这个过程的热源的能量由电、汽油或煤油来供应,使得这个系统极为灵活。 1923年,他们成立了两家自己的公司:Arctic(北极)有限公司和Platen-Munters制冷系统有限公司。 但是,这两位发明家却是穷得叮当响的知识分子。和别的年轻发明家一样,急需资金来开发他们的产品并将其推向市场。 世界上有种人总能够最敏锐地捕捉到商机,比如伊莱克斯的创始人温尔格林。他成为Baltzar von Platen 和Carl Munters两人的伯乐,也抓住了使自己公司飞黄腾达的机会。 老实说,在当时他捉到了这一信息并对吸收式制冷机产生兴趣时,这种机器还远远不够善。就凭两个毛头小伙的学位作业就提出要收购这两家公司,可谓大胆之举。 不过要是没有这样的大胆狂徒,恐怕我们用上电冰箱的日子还要往后延个好几年呢!温尔格林和伊莱克斯的加入,使得Arctic冰箱制造厂的冰箱业务大为改观,他们开始大规模生产。1925年,伊莱克斯将自己的首款冰箱——Model D推向了市场。 第一个版本Model D将冷却装置和电气配件装入一个“驼峰”中,容量为91升。许多人发现“这个奇妙的箱子”解决了他们食物保鲜的难题。 1927年,一家名为Severel的美国公司成立了,开始执照生产伊莱克斯冰箱,供应美国市场。Severel为较大型制冷箱柜和制冷装置提供制冷压缩机。 吸收技术还不足以应付这些挑战,还需要压缩机的加盟。与Severel的合作使伊莱克斯迈进了瑞典专业制冷设备市场。
2023-07-30 00:51:011

建筑结构施工图 字母KJ-E、KJ-G、KJ-F、KJ-F、KJ-H、表示什么意思?

没图看不到,应该是某榀框架的编号。
2023-07-30 00:51:105

震惊!论文中引用的内容也需要修改!

首先,我们需要了解降重的目的和原理。降重作为一种常见的学术实践,其目的在于排除抄袭和剽窃的行为,保证学术研究的正当性。而降重的过程,通常是通过查重系统进行。查重系统会将论文与各种文献资料进行比对,找出与之相似的部分,并进行提示和指引,以供作者对论文进行修改。因此,在降重的过程中,文献引用是一个重要的方面。那么,在引用文献时,是否需要对其进行改动呢?根据本文的研究和综合分析,我们得出了一个结论:在一般情况下,不需要对引用的文献进行改动。首先,一个论文的引用文献,通常是一些已经发表的、公认的优秀文献。这些文献不仅具有客观性、权威性、可信度高,而且是在学术领域广泛流传并被使用的。因此,不应该随意更改这些文献的内容。其次,在降重的过程中,引用的文献本身并不是一个重点。重点是为了避免抄袭而对论文进行修改的部分。因此,在降重时,仅需要修改与其他资料高度相似的内容,而不是对文献本身进行改动。最后,在某些特殊情况下,确实需要对引用的文献进行适当的改动。例如,文献中的错误、过时或不准确的内容,需要进行修改以保证论文的正确性和可信度。总之,在降重的过程中,对引用的文献进行改动并非一个通常的做法。不过,在一些特定情况下,对文献进行适当的修改是必要的。这些修改应该基于对文献内容的准确理解和理性分析,避免任意改动。相信通过本文的阐述,可以更好地理解和掌握论文降重中的相关问题,为撰写出高质量的学术论文提供帮助。
2023-07-30 00:51:131

turn off 的被动语态

be turned off
2023-07-30 00:50:423

30KJ冲击式压路机 是什么意思?

30KJ冲击式压路机,是指冲击能量为30千焦的冲击式压路机、冲击碾。
2023-07-30 00:50:421

wo是什么音母,是不是属于整体认读音节

wo是两拼音节,声母是w,韵母是o,它不属于整体认读音节,给你一个整体认读音节表,学习一下吧! 整体认读音节:zhi chi shi ri zi ci si yi wu yu ye yue yuan yin yun ying 只有这16个音节是整体认读音节,其它的都不是,记住之后就可以轻松区分了. 记得采纳呀!
2023-07-30 00:50:401

go off turn on turn off都什么意思?

go off英音:["gu0259u u0254f]美音:["go u0254f] 1.响起The alarm went off. 警铃骤然响起。 2.变质This milk has gone off. 牛奶变坏了。 3.入睡Hasn"t the baby gone off yet? 婴孩还没入睡吗? 4.进行The plan went off well. 计划进行得很顺利。 turn on英音:["tu0259:n u0254n]美音:["tu025dn ɑn] 打开;发动Will you turn on the radio? 你打开收音机好吗? turn off英音:["tu0259:n u0254f]美音:["tu025dn u0254f] 关掉Turn off the light before you leave. 离开前请把灯关掉。close down英音:["klu0259uz daun]美音:["kloz daun] 停业The shop has already closed down. 那家商店已经关门了。
2023-07-30 00:50:311

kj是什么意思网络缩写

KJ是网络上常见的缩写,它有不同的含义,具体取决于上下文。在一些情况下,KJ可以指代开挂,是指在游戏中使用外挂程序获得非正常的优势。在另一些情况下,KJ可以代表空降兵,是指军事上进行空降作战的士兵。此外,KJ还可能是个人的缩写、网络用语或其他特定术语的简称。
2023-07-30 00:50:301

电气时间控制原理图中KJ代表什么?

KJ 是控制继电器,图中,KJ符号下面的方块表示继电器线圈,KJ下面的连接(或断开)点表示继电器的接点。
2023-07-30 00:50:232

生日快乐用英语怎么说?

祝你生日快乐用英语是happy birthday to you。一、生活中常见的几种祝你生日快乐英文说法:1.Happy birthday!2.Happy birthday to you!3.Happy birthday to my dear!最新的祝你生日快乐英文发达方式:1.Many happy returns of the day! 字面上理解意为“所有的快乐都涌向这一天”,也就是祝你生日这一天有很多快乐和幸福。这句话也可以用在其他令人快乐的节日,而不仅仅应用如生日这天,用于正式场合较多。May you have a fantastic day and many more to come!祝愿你有一个美妙的一天,还有更多的未来!
2023-07-30 00:50:231

女孩儿的英文是什么?请网友指教

女孩是girl。女儿是daughter
2023-07-30 00:50:222

联想M7105的一体机,怎么查看总共打印了多少页?

1、到官网看看,或者打客服电话咨询一下。2、购买打印机时有一张随机光盘,看看里面有没有。
2023-07-30 00:50:204