“扶贫工程”英语怎么说

alleviation 英[u0259u02ccli:vu026a"eu026au0283n] 美[u0259u02cclivu026au02c8eu0283u0259n] n. 缓解; 减轻; 缓和; 镇痛物; [网络] 减缓; 扶贫; [例句]Progress had been made in poverty alleviation.扶贫工作已经取得了进展。[其他] 形近词： alleviating alleviative alleviatory

Poverty alleviation

poverty relief

Is this the supermarket for the poor?

应该是方式状语

poverty alleviation economic development zone

语法没问题

目前湿地管理性定义，最权威、最具代表性的是《湿地公约》中的定义。《湿地公约》将湿地定义为：“湿地是指天然或人工的、永久性或暂时性的沼泽地、泥炭地和水域，蓄有静止或流动的淡水、半咸水或咸水，包括低潮时水深不超过6m的海水区”。按照这个定义，湿地包括沼泽、泥炭地、湿草甸、湖泊、河流、滞蓄洪区、河口三角洲、滩涂、水库、池塘、水稻田以及低潮时水深浅于6m的海域地带等。《湿地公约》在1982年对湿地定义又进行了增补，湿地还包括临近湿地的河滨和海岸地区，包括岛屿或湿地范围内低潮超过6m的海域。我国是世界上湿地资源最丰富的国家之一，居亚洲第一位，世界第四位，仅次于俄罗斯、加拿大和美国。我国是世界上湿地类型最丰富的国家之一。《湿地公约》所列湿地名录中的26类自然湿地和9类人工湿地类型在中国均有分布，主要包括沼泽、湖泊湿地、河流湿地、河口湿地、海岸滩涂、浅海水域、水库、池塘、稻田等各种自然和人工湿地，而青藏高原的陆极湿地又具有世界特色。

　　难民是指由于天灾或人祸而生活无着落、流离失所、需要离开原居地的人。那么你知道难民用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。 　　难民的英语说法1： 　　refugee 　　难民的英语说法2： 　　displaced person 　　难民的相关 短语 ： 　　难民公约 Refugee Convention 　　难民政策 refugee policy 　　难民身分 refugee status 　　非难民 non-refugee 　　政治难民 Political Refugee 　　收容难民 admission of refugees 　　难民的英语例句： 　　1. It was not the policy of the government to repatriate genuine refugees. 　　遣返真正的难民回国并非政府的政策。 　　2. She became involved in social and relief work among the refugees. 　　她参加了帮助难民的社会救济工作。 　　3. The area where most refugees are waiting is exposed to the elements. 　　大多数难民等待救济的地方都不能挡风遮雨。 　　4. Fewer than 7% of asylum seekers are accepted as political refugees. 　　寻求避难者中有不到7%的人被视作政治难民。 　　5. Thousands of refugees are packed into over-crowded towns and villages. 　　成千上万的难民涌入拥挤不堪的城镇和村庄。 　　6. Most of the refugees are camped high in the mountains. 　　多数难民在高山上露宿。 　　7. Many of the refugee villages are in isolated areas. 　　很多难民村落都在偏远地区。 　　8. Two new camps were readied for the absorption of refugees. 　　为收容难民又备好了两个新营地。 　　9. The refugees were put in camps in Italy before being resettled. 　　这些难民在重新定居之前被安置在意大利的难民营中。 　　10. Later Mr Moi raised the vexed question of refugees. 　　后来莫伊先生提出了那个让人头疼的难民问题。 　　11. The building housed 1,500 refugees and it burned for hours. 　　这幢住有1,500名难民的大楼燃烧了好几个小时。 　　12. Their energies were focussed on the alleviation of the refugees" misery. 　　他们把精力集中在减轻难民们的苦难上。 　　13. A trickle of refugees began to flee the country. 　　难民开始三五成群地陆续逃离该国。 　　14. Hungary"s opening of the border was a turning point for the refugees. 　　匈牙利开放边境对难民来说是个转机。 　　15. He lauded the work of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees. 　　他高度赞扬了联合国难民事务高级专员的工作。

2014：1 Ma Q, Li XY, Yuan HJ, Hu J, Wei L, Bao AK, Zhang JL(张金林), Wang SM (2014) ZxSOS1 is essential for long-distance transport and spatial distribution of Na and K in the xerophyteZygophyllum xanthoxylum. Plant and Soil 374: 661-676 (SCI IF2012=2.638)2 Bao AK, Wang YW, Xi JJ, Liu C, Zhang JL(张金林), Wang SM (2014) Co-overexpression of xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum ZxNHX andZxVP1-1 enhances salt and drought tolerance in transgenic Lotus corniculatus by increasing cations accumulation. Functional Plant Biology 41: 203-214(SCI IF2012=2.471)2013：3 Zhang JL(张金林), Wang SM, Flowers TJ (2013) Differentiation of low-affinity Na uptake pathways and kinetics of the effects of K on Na uptake in the halophyte Suaeda maritima. Plant and Soil 368: 629-640 (SCI IF2012=2.638)4 Zhang JL(张金林), Shi HZ (2013) Physiological and molecular mechanisms of plant salt tolerance. Photosynthesis Research 115: 1-22 (SCI IF2012= 3.150)5 Gurmani AR, Bano A, Najeeb U, Zhang JL(张金林), Khan SU, Flowers TJ (2013) Exogenously applied silicate and abscisic acid ameliorates the growth of salinity stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings through Na exclusion. Australian Journal of Crop Science 7(8): 1123-1130 (SCI IF2011=1.632)6 李剑, 张金林(通讯作者), 王锁民 (2013) 小花碱茅PutHKT2;1基因全长cDNA的克隆与生物信息学分析. 草业学报 22(2): 140-1497 王雪芳, 王春梅, 张金林, 段丽婕, 王锁民 (2013) 小花碱茅组织培养植株再生体系的建立. 草业学报(已接受)2012：8 Guo Q, Wang P, Ma Q, Zhang JL(张金林), Bao AK, Wang SM (2012) Selective transport capacity for K over Na is linked to the expression levels of PtSOS1 in halophyte Puccinellia tenuiflora. Functional Plant Biology 39: 1047-1057(SCI IF2012=2.471)9 Ma Q, Yue LJ, Zhang JL(张金林), Wu GQ, Bao AK, Wang SM (2012) Sodium chloride improves photosynthesis and water status in the succulent xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum. Tree Physiology 32(1): 4-13 (SCI IF2012=2.853)10 Yue LJ, Li SX, Ma Q, Zhou XR, Wu GQ, Bao AK, Zhang JL(张金林), Wang S.M. (2012) NaCl stimulates growth and alleviates water stress in the xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum. Journal of Arid Environments 87: 153-160 (SCI IF2012= 1.772)11 吴永娜, 胡静, 王引权, 李剑, 张金林(通讯作者) (2012) 当归Actin基因片段的克隆及序列分析. 中草药 43(12): 2485-248912 李剑，张金林(通讯作者) (2012) 拒盐型牧草小花碱茅PutHKT2;1基因表达模式分析. 草业科学 29(9): 1379-138313 于建龙, 张金林, 徐建华, 徐生智, 王锁民 (2012) 钠复合肥提高移栽梭梭抗旱性. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版) 48(5): 79-8414 赵常玉, 李剑, 张金林, 王锁民 (2012) HKT与植物耐盐性研究进展. 草业科学 29(10): 1604-161215 王引权, 赵勇, 安培坤, 张金林, 王艳 (2012) 不同含水量当归种子贮藏过程中生理生化特性研究. 中国中药杂志 37(2): 181-18516 王引权, 王艳, 陈红刚, 张金林, 樊秦, 夏琦, 陈健, 安培坤 (2012) 海拔梯度对药用植物品质形成影响的研究进展. 中国现代中药 14(5): 41-4417 安培坤, 王引权, 窦丽丽, 张金林, 康生福 (2012) 岷山红三叶茎叶水浸液对3种植物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响. 草业科学 29(6): 960-96318 方永丰, 李永生, 白江平, 慕平, 孟亚雄, 张金林, 王汉宁, 尚勋武 (2012) 玉米持绿相关QTL整合图谱构建及一致性QTL区域内候选基因发掘. 草业学报 21(4): 175-1852011：19 Gurmani AR, Bano A, Khan SU, Din J,Zhang JL(张金林, 通讯作者) (2011) Alleviation of salt stress by seed treatment with abscisic acid (ABA), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and chlormequat chloride (CCC) optimizes ion and organic matter accumulation and increases yield of rice (Oryza sativaL.). Australian Journal of Crop Science 5(10):1278-1285 (SCI IF2011=1.632)20 Zhang JL(张金林), Wetson AM, Wang SM, Gurmani AR, Bao AK, Wang CM (2011) Factors associated with determination of root Na influx in the salt accumulation halophyte Suaeda maritima. Biological Trace Element Research 139(1): 108-117(SCI IF2012=1.307)21 Wu GQ, Xi JJ, Wang Q, Bao AK, Ma Q, Zhang JL(张金林), Wang SM (2011) The ZxNHX gene encoding vacuolar Na/H antiporter in the xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum plays important roles in response to salt and drought. Journal of Plant Physiology 168: 758–767 (SCI IF2012=2.699)22 Paré PW, Zhang HM, Aziz M, Xie XT, Kim MS, Shen X, Zhang JL(张金林) (2011) Beneficial rhizobacteria induce plant growth: mapping signaling networks in Arabidopsis. Biocommunication in Soil Microorganisms, Soil Biology 23(2): 403-41223 吴永娜, 李剑, 许瑞, 王引权, 张延红, 王惠珍, 张金林(通讯作者) (2011) 党参肌动蛋白基因片段的克隆及序列分析. 中草药 42(12): 2518-252224 李剑, 赵常玉, 吴永娜, 马清, 郭强, 王锁民, 张金林(通讯作者) (2011) 小花碱茅HKT1;4(HKT7)基因片段的克隆与序列分析. 草业科学 28(6): 969-97325 徐建华, 于健龙, 伍国强, 王锁民, 张金林(通讯作者) (2011) 钠复合肥增强荒漠植物梭梭抗旱性的研究. 草业科学 28(6): 1025-102926 赵丽君，王雪芳，张金林，王锁民 (2011) 植物组织培养及其在草类植物中的研究和应用. 草业科学 28(6): 1140-11482010：27 Zhang JL(张金林), Flowers TJ, Wang SM (2010) Mechanisms of sodium uptake by roots of higher plant. Plant and Soil, 326(1): 45-60(SCI IF2012=2.638)28 李剑, 赵常玉, 张富生, 王锁民, 包爱科, 张金林(通讯作者) (2010) LEA蛋白与植物抗逆性. 植物生理学通讯 46(11): 1101-110829 孟亚雄, 张金文, 张金林, 仲军, 王化俊 (2010) 棉纤维特异启动子LTP12 驱动的基因phaB、phaC双价载体构建及其原核表达研究. 草业学报 19(3): 170-17630 蔡建一, 马清, 周向睿, 张金林, 王锁民 (2010) Na在霸王适应渗透胁迫中的生理作用. 草业学报 20(1): 89-9531 郭强, 周向睿, 王沛, 张金林, 包爱科, 伍国强, 王锁民 (2010) 盐生植物小花碱茅K通道PtAKT1基因片段的克隆及序列分析. 草地学报 18(5): 683-6882009：32 Zhang JL(张金林), Ma JF, Cao ZY (2009) Screening of cold-resistant seedlings of a Chinese wild grape (Vitis piasezkii Maxim Var. pagnucii) native to loess plateau of eastern Gansu province,China, as rootstocks. Scientia Horticulturae, 122: 125-128(SCI IF2012=1.396)33 Wang CM, Zhang JL(张金林), Liu XS, Li Z, Wu GQ, Cai JY, Flowers TJ, Wang SM (2009) Puccinellia tenuiflora retains a low Na level under salt stress by limiting unidirectional Na influx resulting in a high selectivity for K over Na. Plant Cell and Environment, 32, 486-496 (SCI IF2012=5.135)34 Bao AK, Wang SM, Wu GQ, Xi JJ, Zhang JL(张金林), Wang CM (2009) Overexpression of the Arabidopsis H-PPase enhanced the salt and drought tolerance in transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Plant Science, 176: 232-240 (SCI IF2012=2.922)35 王生银, 张永超, 李莉, 张金林(通讯作者), 王春梅, 郭强, 包爱科 (2009) 拒盐型盐生植物小花碱茅(Puccinellia tenuiflora)肌动蛋白基因片段的克隆及序列分析. 基因组学与应用生物学 28(4): 673-6772008：36 张金林, 王锁民, 陈托兄, 徐震, 严学兵，陆妮 (2008) 烯效唑(S3307)对大麦Na、K选择性和游离脯氨酸分配的影响. 麦类作物学报 28(4): 655-66037 王春梅, 李湛, 伍国强, 张金林, 王锁民 (2008) 用核素示踪研究小麦根系Na外排速率的两种方法. 核农学报 22(3): 370-3732007：38 Wang SM, Zhang JL(张金林), Flowers TJ (2007) Low-affinity Na uptake in the halophyte Suaeda maritima. Plant Physiology, 145(2): 559-571 (SCI IF2012=6.555)39 张金林, 石明辉, 许瑞, 李唯, 王锁民 (2007) 提高春小麦幼胚离体培养中愈伤组织诱导及分化效率的研究. 中国农学通报 23(4): 49-5340 刘小莉, 张金林(通讯作者), 石明辉, 张永泽, 张洪荣 (2007) Fe对红地球葡萄试管苗生长发育的影响. 中外葡萄与葡萄酒 (4): 7-1041 王旺田, 马静芳, 张金林, 曹孜义 (2007) 一种新的葡萄叶面积测定方法. 果树学报 24( 5) : 709-71342 包爱科, 王强龙, 张金林, 王锁民 (2007) 紫花苜蓿基因工程研究进展. 分子植物育种 5(6): 160-16843 谭雪莲, 张绪成, 郭天文, 夏芳琴, 张金林 (2007) 氮素对小麦幼苗叶片气体交换和能量转化特性的调控. 核农学报 21(4): 305-31044 郝燕, 王发林, 杨瑞, 张雅丽, 李红旭, 卢江, 张金林 (2007) 几种葡萄砧木生长特性及与“矢富罗莎”绿枝嫁接试验初报. 中外葡萄与葡萄酒 (6): 20-232006：45 Zhang JL(张金林), Xu R, Wang SM, Cao ZY, Ren JZ (2006) Factors affecting in vitro propagation of a Chinese wild grape (Vitis piasezkii Maxim. Var.pagnucii (Planch.) Rehd.): shoot production and rhizogenesis.New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 34(3): 217-223 (SCI IF2012=0.481)46 张金林, 王锁民, 陈托兄 (2006) 6-苄氨基嘌呤(BA)和脱落酸(ABA)对大麦Na、K选择性和游离脯氨酸分配的调节. 草业学报 15 (5): 63-6947 张金林, 陈托兄, 严学兵, 陆妮, 王锁民 (2006) 烯效唑(S3307)对湖南稷子整株水平Na、K选择性和游离脯氨酸分配的影响. 草业学报 15(2): 42-4748 王月梅, 张金林(通讯作者), 司宗信 (2006) 甘肃省发展农村能源生态模式效应及应用实例. 草业科学 23(6): 78-8149 王月梅, 张金林(通讯作者), 司宗信 (2006) 甘肃省草地资源退化原因及草地生态系统恢复途径. 中国农学通报 22(8): 495-49850 陈托兄, 张金林, 陆妮, 王锁民 (2006) 不同类型抗盐植物整株水平上游离脯氨酸的分配. 草业学报 15(1): 36-4151 包爱科, 张金林, 郭正刚, 王锁民 (2006) 液泡膜H-PPase与植物耐盐性. 植物生理学通讯 42(4): 777-78352 王强龙，王锁民，张金林，陈托兄，楼洁琼，陆妮 (2006) 紫花苜蓿高频再生体系的建立. 草业科学 23(11): 21-2753 王强龙，王锁民， 张金林，包爱科，陈托兄，楼洁琼，陆妮 (2006) 根癌农杆菌介导AtNHX1基因转化紫花苜蓿的研究. 草业科学 23(12): 55-5954 李文彬, 曹孜义, 王雅梅, 周万海, 张金林 (2006) 葡萄试管简易嫁接技术. 中外葡萄与葡萄酒 (5): 10-122002-2005：55 张金林, 王锁民, 许瑞, 曹孜义 (2005) 植物微嫁接技术的研究及应用. 植物生理学通讯 41(2): 247-25256 张金林, 陈托兄, 王锁民 (2004) 阿拉善荒漠区几种抗旱植物游离氨基酸和游离脯氨酸分布特征. 中国沙漠 24(4): 493-49957 王锁民, 陈托兄, 张金林 (2004) 6-苄氨基嘌呤(BA)和脱落酸(ABA)对湖南稷子Na、K选择性和游离脯氨酸分配的调节. 西北植物学报 24(4): 588-59558 张金林 (2003) 砧木技术在中西部地区葡萄产业发展中的应用. 甘肃科技纵横 32(4): 55-5659 张金林, 曹孜义 (2002) 葡萄砧木生根及成苗特性研究. 中外葡萄与葡萄酒 (6): 15-1860 曹孜义, 李 胜, 张金林, 陈子宣 (2002) 一次硕士研究生植物生理大实验结果分析.中国当代教育杂志 22: 63-6461 陈建军, 张金林, 曹孜义 (2001) 葡萄病毒和类病毒的研究进展. 甘肃农业大学学报 (增刊): 30-34。

2021 年6月第1套：城市化 作文题目： Directions: u2003u2003For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the graph below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the graph and comment on China"s achievements in urbanization. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.参考范文： u2003u2003The chart above displays the progress of urbanization in China over the last four decades. We can see that, in less than 40 years, the number of people in China who lived in cities had more than tripled. From 1980 to 2010, the share of urban population had grown from 19.39% to 49.96%, which was a record high worldwide. u2003u2003As far as I am concerned, China"s extraordinary urbanization has gone hand-in-hand with its economic boom. Since its reform and opening-up in 1978, China"s economy has taken off. During the past four decades, China underwent vast changes to its economic system and abundant opportunities emerged in the coastal area. As a result, people living in the rural areas came to big cities in the costal area to pursuit a better life, which speeded up the progress of urbanization. u2003u2003Urbanization, in return, contributes to the development of China"s fast-growing economy. Take, for example, the basic infrastructures in big cities. The government has invested a lot of money in buildings and facilities, which enables people to live and work in high-density in tall buildings, which greatly improvs efficiency and productivity. u2003u2003In conclusion, the urbanization in China not only enables people to enjoy a better living condition, but also lays foundations for sustainable economic growth. It is a great achievement and has far-reaching benefits. 参考译文： u2003u2003上图展示了中国近四十年的城市化进程。我们可以看到，在不到40年的时间里，中国居住在城市的人数增加了两倍多。从1980年到2010年，城市人口的比例从19.39%增长到49.96%，创世界新高。 u2003u2003在我看来，中国非凡的城市化与经济繁荣是同步的。自1978年改革开放以来，中国经济开始腾飞。在过去的40年里，中国的经济体制发生了巨大的变化，沿海地区出现了大量的机遇。因此，生活在农村地区的人们来到大城市在沿海地区追求更好的生活，这加快了城市化的进程。 u2003u2003反过来，城市化有助于中国快速增长的经济的发展。以大城市的基础设施为例。政府在建筑和设施上投入了大量的资金，使得人们可以在高密度的高层建筑中生活和工作，大大提高了效率和生产力。 u2003u2003总之，中国的城市化不仅使人们享有更好的生活条件，也为可持续的经济增长奠定了基础。这是一项伟大的成就，具有深远的意义。 2021 年6月第2套：脱贫 作文题目： Directions: u2003u2003For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the graph below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the graph and comment on China"s achievements in urbanization. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.参考范文： u2003u2003We can see clearly from this chart that the rural population in poverty in China has decreased sharply from the year of 2012 to 2020, from around 95 million, consisting of 12 percent population of the whole country in 2012, to almost none. Such achievements in poverty alleviation are marvelous and must have gone beyond the imagination of many. u2003u2003The cold hard data depicted on the graph might be a little abstract, but the real changes happening in the life of the Chinese people over the past decade are much more eloquent. For example, in the past, people were very much concerned about whether they have enough food to eat most of the time, but now they are more interested in whether the food they eat is healthy enough. What"s more, in the last decade, an increasing number of students have had the chance to go to college, which was impossible for them to do in the past. u2003u2003I"d like to express my heartfelt thanks to the central government of China and the whole people of the nation. Had it not been their joint efforts in the past decade, China could never have achieved such a success in poverty elimination. 参考译文： u2003u2003从这张图中我们可以清楚地看到，从2012年到2020年，中国农村贫困人口从约9500万(占全国总人口的12%)急剧下降到几乎为零。这样的扶贫成就是了不起的，肯定超出了许多人的想象。 u2003u2003图表中描绘的冷冰冰的数据可能有点抽象，但过去十年中国人民生活中发生的真实变化更有说服力。例如，在过去，人们非常关心他们是否有足够的食物吃，但现在他们更感兴趣的是他们吃的食物是否足够健康。更重要的是，在过去的十年中，越来越多的学生有机会上大学，这在过去是不可能的。 u2003u2003在此，我谨向中国中央政府和全国人民表示衷心的感谢!10年来，没有他们的共同努力，中国在消除贫困方面不可能取得这样的成就。 2021 年6月第3套：高等教育 作文题目： Directions: u2003u2003For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the graph below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the graph and comment on China"s achievements in urbanization. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.参考范文： u2003u2003The bar chart issued by Ministry of Education contains the gross enrolment ratio in higher education in China from 3.4% in the year of 1990 to 51.6% in 2019. Obviously, what it endeavors / tries to convey is that this era has witnessed an enormous increase in China"s higher education development. u2003u2003Firstly, the government has provided a series of beneficial policies and financial investment in ensuring citizens the opportunity of receiving higher education. Students, even poor ones in rural counties will be encouraged to attend universities after middle school. Interest-free loans are provided to students who cannot afford the fees. Secondly, the growing per capita GDP has shifted parents" opinion from earning money as soon as their children grow up to equipping them with more specialized knowledge for long-term development. Last but not least, due to the research achievements and the improvement of education level, China"s institutions of higher education are now highly admitted. We can find from the QS World University Ranking list that Qinghua University and Beijing University have peaked in this year. u2003u2003In a nutshell, China has witnessed a great progress in its higher education, which enables more citizens to achieve a higher degree and provides more specialized knowledge in pursuing a fulfilling life. 参考译文： u2003u2003该柱状图由教育部发布，包含了中国高等教育毛入学率从1990年的3.4%到2019年的51.6%。显然，它试图传达的是，这个时代见证了中国高等教育的飞速发展。 u2003u2003首先，政府提供了一系列的优惠政策和财政投资，以确保公民接受高等教育的机会。政府将鼓励学生，即使是农村贫困地区的学生，在中学毕业后上大学。无息贷款提供给那些负担不起学费的学生。其次，人均GDP的增长使得父母的观念从孩子长大后就挣钱转变为为孩子的长远发展准备更专业的知识。最后但并非最不重要的是，由于研究成果和教育水平的提高，中国的高等教育机构现在被高度承认。我们可以从QS世界大学排名中发现，清华大学和北京大学在今年达到了顶峰。 u2003u2003简而言之，中国的高等教育取得了巨大的进步，使更多的公民获得更高的学位，提供更专业的知识，以追求充实的生活。 感谢观看，记得点赞收藏哦~~ 点赞的都能过！！！

Poverty alleviation。或alleviation of poverty。

mercy啊Compassionate treatment, especially of those under one"s power; clemency.慈悲，仁慈：仁慈的对待，尤指对处于自己权力控制下的人；仁慈2.A disposition to be kind and forgiving:同情，宽厚：温和与宽容的性情：a heart full of mercy.充满包容的心3.Something for which to be thankful; a blessing:恩惠，幸运：应对之表示感谢的事物；恩惠：It was a mercy that no one was hurt.没有人受伤真是幸运4.Alleviation of distress; relief:痛苦的减轻；解脱：Distributing food among the

内容来自于B站up 主“我是瑞斯拜” 。这些仅是我个人的学习笔记。要看完整内容烦请移步B站。 老版：with the rapid development of ——(主题词 ), it"s of great necessity for —— to ——. 新版：In the contemporary world, ——(主题词) have / has become increasingly important. It"s of great necessity for —— to ——. 当今世界， 已经变得越来越重要。对于某类人来说，做某件事非常有必要。 sb. (students, freshman, citizens, parents, patients, senior people, residents, staff,) reasons and concerts evidence to support my point are follows. The followings are reasons and concerts evidence to support my point. As an old saying goes, ——. For ——(us college students / all of us), it has an increasingly important significance: ——(解释含义). The following reasons can account for this issue. ln the contemporary world, ——(主题词) have/has become increasingly important. When faced with decision of (A) or (B) , quite a few would deem that —— , but others, in contrast, believe that A/B is the premier choice and that is also my point. Among countless reasons which support my view, there are three conspicuous aspects as follow. 当面对A或B的决定时，相当多的人会认为，但另一些人，相反，认为 A/B是首要的选择，这也是我的观点。在无数支持我观点的理由中，有三个显著的方面如下。 As is starkly mirrored (reflected) in the image / chart(表格) that —— (一句话，描述图片) It is revealed that ——(图片内涵) The following reasons can account for this issue. (过渡句) In the first place, there is no doubt that—— Based on big data, most of —— (successful social elites) admitted that —— (they are spent 2/3 of time in doing sth.) Moreover, no one can deny that ——. (—— makes us weaker / stronger) Where there is / are ——, there is ——. Last but not least, I firmly believe that ——(观点3) 加分版： The + 比较级 + 动词，the + 比较级 + 动词 eg：the more friends you have, the happier you are. 简单版： Although······ In conclusion, ——. If we spare no effort to ——, the future of —— will be both hopeful and rosy. ln the contemporary world, the ability to meet challenges has become increasingly important. lt"s of great necessity for students to improve the ability to solve problems when facing difficulty. The following are reasons and concrete evidence to support my view point. In the first place,there is no doubt that we can" t divorce from reality that challenge is everywhere(we can " t avoid challenges). Based on big data，most successful social elites admitted that they"ve spent 2/3 of their time in facing challenges . Moreover,no one can deny that challenges make us stronger. Where there are difficulties, there are opportunities . Last but not least, l firmly believe that without the ability to meet challenges, we can"t make any achievements. ( lf we don"t have the ability to meet challenges, we can"t do anything.) The more problems you solve, the smarter and capable you are . In conclusion, the ability to meet challenges and solve problems is essential for everyone. If we spare no effort to cultivate this ability, the future of our study and career will be both hopeful and rosy. As an old saying goes: What is worth doing, worth doing well. For us college students, it has an increasingly important significance: If you want to achieve something, you need a serious attitude. The following reasons can account for this issue. ln the first place,there is no doubt that we can"t divorce from the reality that attitude plays an important role in one"s success. Based on big data, most successful social elites admitted that they have a serious mindset towards everything. Moreover, no one can deny that a serious attitude makes us stronger. Where there is serious spirit, there are opportunities. Last but not least, l firmly believe that without a serious attitude, we can"t make any achievements.(If we don"t have the serious mindset, we can"t do anything.) The more serious you are, the more possibility you will succeed . ln conclusion, the serious attitude towards everything is essential for everyone. If we spare no effort to(不遗余力）cultivate this mindset, the future of our study and career will be both hopeful and rosy. As is starkly mirrored in the chart（表格) that Chinese rural population has been all lifted out of poverty. lt is revealed that China"s achievements in poverty alleviation are extraordinary.（图片内涵)The following reasons can account for this issue.(过渡句) ln the first place,there is no doubt that officials in the governments have played an important role in this process . Based on big data, most of the governors involved have admitted that they"ve spent2/3 of their time in the rural area. Moreover; no one can deny that the poverty alleviation policy is indeed beneficial. Where there are good policies, there are incentives. Last but not least, I firmly believe that the personal efforts of the rural residents can" t be ignored. The harder they work，the wealthier they are. In conclusion, the accomplishment of poverty alleviation in China is outstanding. lf we spare no efforts to implement the policy and maintain the work, the future of our country will be both hopeful and rosy.

天然湿地（一）海洋/海岸湿地A --- 永久性浅海水域：多数情况下低潮时水位低于6m，包括海湾和海峡。B --- 海草层：包括潮下藻类、海草、热带海草植物生长区。C --- 珊瑚礁：珊瑚礁及其邻近水域。D --- 岩石性海岸：包括近海岩石性岛屿、海边峭壁。E --- 沙滩、砾石与卵石滩：包括滨海沙洲、海岬以及沙岛；沙丘及丘间沼泽。F --- 河口水域：河口水域和河口三角洲水域。G --- 滩涂：潮间带泥滩、沙滩和海岸其他咸水沼泽。H --- 盐沼：包括滨海盐沼、盐化草甸。I --- 潮间带森林湿地：包括红树林沼泽和海岸淡水沼泽森林。J --- 咸水、碱水泻湖：有通道与海水相连的咸水、碱水泻湖。K --- 海岸淡水湖：包括淡水三角洲泻湖。ZK（a）-- 海滨岩溶洞穴水系：滨海岩洞穴。（二）内陆湿地L --- 永久性内陆三角洲：内陆河流三角洲。M --- 永久性的河流：包括河流及其支流、溪流、瀑布。N --- 时令河：季节性、间歇性、定期性的河流、溪流、瀑布。O --- 湖泊：面积大于8hm2永久性淡水湖，包括大的牛轭湖。P --- 时令湖：大于8hm2的季节性、间歇性的淡水湖；包括漫滩湖泊。Q --- 盐湖：永久性的咸水、半咸水、碱水湖及其浅滩。R --- 内陆盐沼：永久性的咸水、半咸水、碱水沼泽与泡沼。Sp --- 时令碱、咸水盐沼：季节性、间歇性的咸水、半咸水、碱性沼泽、泡沼。Ss --- 永久性的淡水草本沼泽、泡沼：草本沼泽及面积小于8hm2泡沼，无泥炭积累，大部分生长季节伴生浮水植物。Tp --- 泛滥地：季节性、间歇性洪泛地，湿草甸和面积小于8hm2泡沼。Ts --- 草本泥炭地：无林泥炭地、包括藓类泥炭地和草本泥炭地。U --- 高山湿地：包括高山草甸、融雪形成的暂时性水域。Va --- 苔原湿地：包括高山苔原、融雪形成的暂时性水域。Vt --- 灌丛湿地：灌丛沼泽、灌丛为主的淡水沼泽，无泥炭积累。W --- 淡水森林沼泽：包括淡水森林沼泽、季节泛滥森林沼泽、无泥炭积累的森林沼泽。Xf --- 森林泥炭地：泥炭森林沼泽。Xp --- 淡水泉及绿洲。Y --- 地热湿地：温泉。Zg --- 内陆岩溶洞穴水系：地下溶洞水系。注：“漫滩”是一个宽泛的术语指一种或多种湿地类型，可能包括R、Ss、Ts、W、Xf、Xp或其他湿地类型的范例。漫滩的一些范例为季节性淹没草地（包括天然湿草地）、灌丛林地、林地和森林。漫滩湿地在此作为一种具体的湿地类型。人工湿地1 --- 水产池塘：例如鱼、虾养殖池塘。2 --- 水塘：包括农用池塘、储水池塘，一般面积小于8hm2。3 --- 灌溉地：包括灌溉渠系和稻田。4 --- 农用泛洪湿地：季节性泛滥的农用地，包括集约管理或放牧的草地。5 --- 盐田:晒盐池、采盐场等。6 --- 蓄水区：水库、拦河坝、堤坝形成的一般大于8hm2得储水区。7 --- 采掘区：积水取土坑、采矿地。8 --- 废水处理场所：污水场、处理池、氧化池等。9 --- 运河、排水渠：输水渠系。Zk(c)-- 地下输水系统：人工管护的岩溶洞穴水系等。【湿地定义】 由于湿地和水域、陆地之间没有明显边界，加上不同学科对湿地的研究重点不同，造成湿地的定义一直存在分歧。 国际湿地公约采用广义的湿地定义，指不问其为天然或人工、常久或暂时性的沼泽地、湿原、泥炭地或水域地带，带有或静止或流动、或为淡水、半咸水或咸水水体，包括低潮时水深不超过六米的水域。这一定义包含狭义湿地的区域，有利于将狭义湿地及附近的水体、陆地形成一个整体，便于保护和管理。 湿地的研究活动则往往采用狭义定义。美国鱼类和野生生物保护机构于1979年在“美国的湿地深水栖息地的分类”一文中，重新给湿地作定义为：“陆地和水域的交汇处，水位接近或处于地表面，或有浅层积水，至少有一至几个以下特征： (1)至少周期性地以水生植物为植物优势种； (2)底层土主要是湿土； (3)在每年的生长季节，底层有时被水淹没。”定义还指湖泊与湿地以低水位时水深2米处为界，按照这个湿地定义，世界湿地可以分成二十多个类型，这个定义目前被许多国家的湿地研究者接受。 湿地的水文条件是湿地属性的决定性因素。水的来源（如降水，地下水，潮汐，河流，湖泊等），水深，水流方式，以及淹水的持续期和频率决定了湿地的多样性。水对湿地土壤的发育有深刻的影响。湿地土壤通常称为湿土或水成土（Hydric Soil）。编辑本段【湿地公约】 1971年2月2日，来自18个国家的代表在伊朗南部海滨小城拉姆萨尔签署了一个旨在保护和合理利用全球湿地的公约——《关于特别是作为水禽栖息地的国际重要湿地公约》（Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat ，简称《湿地公约》）。该公约于1975年12月21日正式生效，至2008年10月，有158 个缔约方。编辑本段【国际重要湿地的标准】 《湿地公约》第二条规定，每个缔约方必须把本国至少1块湿地纳入《国际重要湿地名录》，且被纳入的湿地必须符合标准。 标准1：如果一块湿地包含适当生物地理区内一个自然或近自然湿地类型的一处具代表性的、稀有的或独特的范例，就应被认为具有国际重要意义。 标准2：如果一块湿地支持着易危、濒危或极度濒危物种或者受威胁的生态群落，就应被认为具有国际重要意义。 标准3：如果一块湿地支持着对维护一个特定生物地理区生物多样性具有重要意义的植物和/动物种群，就应被认为具有国际重要意义。 标准4：如果一块湿地在生命周期的某一关键阶段支持动植物种或在不利条件下对其提供庇护场所，就应被认为具有国际重要意义。 标准5：如果一块湿地定期栖息有2万只或更多的水禽，就应被认为具有国际重要意义。 标准6：如果一块湿地定期栖息有一个水禽物种或亚种某一种群1%的个体，就应被认为具有国际重要意义。 标准7：如果一块湿地栖息着绝大部分本地鱼类亚种、种或科，其生命周期的各个阶段、种间和/或种群间的关系对湿地效益和/或价值具有代表性，并因此有助于全球生物多样性，就应被认为具有国际重要意义。 截至2008年，中国共有36块湿地加入《国际重要湿地名录》，可参看“中国国际重要湿地名录”编辑本段【历届世界湿地日主题】 为了提高人们保护湿地的意识，1996年3月《湿地公约》常务委员会第19次会议决定，从1997年起，将每年的2月2日定为“世界湿地日”。每年开展纪念活动，每年有一个主题。从1997年以来历年湿地日的主题如下： 1997年世界湿地日的主题：湿地是生命之源（Wetlands : a Source of Life） 1998年世界湿地日的主题：湿地之水，水之湿地（Water for Wetlands, Wetlands for Water） 1999年世界湿地日的主题：人与湿地，息息相关（People and Wetlands :the Vital Link） 2000年世界湿地日的主题：珍惜我们共同的国际重要湿地（Celebrating Our Wetlands of International Importance） 2001年世界湿地日的主题：湿地世界——有待探索的世界（Wetlands World-A World to Discover） 2002年世界湿地日的主题：湿地：水、生命和文化（Wetlands : Water,Life,and Culture） 2003年世界湿地日的主题：没有湿地-就没有水（No Wetlands - No Water） 2004年世界湿地日的主题：从高山到海洋，湿地在为人类服务(From the Mountains to the Sea,Wetlands at Work for Us) 2005年世界湿地日的主题：湿地生物多样性和文化多样性（Culture and Biological Diversities of Wetlands） 2006年世界湿地日的主题：湿地与减贫（Wetland as a Tool in Poverty Alleviation） 2007年世界湿地日的主题：湿地与鱼类（Wetlands and Fisheries） 2008年世界湿地日的主题：健康的湿地，健康的人类(Healthy Wetland, Healthy People)编辑本段【湿地概述】 湿地这一概念在狭义上一般被认为是陆地与水域之间的过渡地带；广义上则被定为地球上除海洋（水深6米以上）外的所有大面积水体。《国际湿地公约》对湿地的定义是广义定义。 按照广义定义湿地覆盖地球表面仅有6％，却为地球上20％的已知物种提供了生存环境，具有不可替代的生态功能，因此享有“地球之肾”的美誉。 中国湿地面积占世界湿地的10％，位居亚洲第一位，世界第四位。在中国境内，从寒温带到热带、从沿海到内陆、从平原到高原山区都有湿地分布，一个地区内常常有多种湿地类型，一种湿地类型又常常分布于多个地区。 中国1992年加入《湿地公约》，截至目前，列入国际重要湿地名录的湿地已达30处。其实中国独特的湿地何止30处，许多湿地因为养在深闺无人识，至今仍无人问津。 地球上有三大生态系统，即：森林、海洋、湿地。“湿地”，泛指暂时或长期覆盖水深不超过2米的低地、土壤充水较多的草甸、以及低潮时水深不过6米的沿海地区，包括各种咸水淡水沼泽地、湿草甸、湖泊、河流以及泛洪平原、河口三角洲、泥炭地、湖海滩涂、河边洼地或漫滩、湿草原等。按《国际湿地公约》定义，湿地系指不问其为天然或人工、常久或暂时之沼泽地、湿原、泥炭地或水域地带，带有静止或流动、或为淡水、半咸水或咸水水体者，包括低潮时水深不超过6米的水域。 湿地是地球上具有多种独特功能的生态系统，它不仅为人类提供大量食物、原料和水资源，而且在维持生态平衡、保持生物多样性和珍稀物种资源以及涵养水源、蓄洪防旱、降解污染调节气候、补充地下水、控制土壤侵蚀等方面均起到重要作用。 湿地是位于陆生生态系统和水生生态系统之间的过渡性地带，在土壤浸泡在水中的特定环境下，生长着很多湿地的特征植物。湿地广泛分布于世界各地，拥有众多野生动植物资源，是重要的生态系统。很多珍稀水禽的繁殖和迁徙离不开湿地，因此湿地被称为“鸟类的乐园”。湿地强大的的生态净化作用，因而又有“地球之肾”的美名。在人口爆炸和经济发展的双重压力下，20世纪中后期大量湿地被改造成农田，加上过度的资源开发和污染，湿地面积大幅度缩小，湿地物种受到严重破坏。 湿地是地球上有着多功能的、富有生物多样性的生态系统，是人类最重要的生存环境之一。 湿地的类型多种多样，通常分为自然和人工两大类。自然湿地包括沼泽地、泥炭地、湖泊、河流、海滩和盐沼等，人工湿地主要有水稻田、水库、池塘等。据资料统计，全世界共有自然湿地855.8万平方公里，占陆地面积的6.4%。

一般来说，托福写作会涉及到一些固定的主题，整理这些主题所涉及到的词汇和句型，就有重要的意义。下面，小编为大家整理“托福写作高频词汇分类汇总”，希望对大家有所帮助。1. 环保话题类 white pollute 白色污染 sustainable development 可持续发展 ecosystem 生态系统 environmental pollution 环境污染 over-fishing (overgrazing) 过度捕捞 (过度放牧) sand storm 沙尘暴 resource exhaustion 资源枯竭 water and soil conservation 水土保持 soil erosion 土壤流失 clear-cutting (deforestation) 滥砍滥伐 desertification 沙漠化 conserve natural resources 保护自然资源 shortage of fresh water 淡水短缺 disruption of ecological balance 生态失衡 natural preservation zone 自然保护区2. 教育话题类 the craze for graduate school 考研热 surf the internet 网上冲浪 cyberspace 网络空间 inter-disciplinary talent 复合型人才 assignment of graduates 毕业生分配 net friend 网友 examination-oriented education 应试教育 teach students according to their aptitude 因材施教 quality-oriented education 素质教育 compulsory education 义务教育 internet bar 网吧 adult (continuing) education 成人教育 distance education 远程教育 campus culture校园文化 two-way selection 双向选择 work-study program 勤工俭学 double degree 双学位 non-resident student 走读生 resident student 寄宿生 extracurricular activities 课外活动 self-taught examination 自学考试 become well-educated through self-study 自学成才 to reduce study load 学生减负 web-addiction 沉湎于上网3. 社会热点类 Project Hope 希望工程 information revolution 信息革命 jerry-built projects 豆腐渣工程 population explosion 人口爆炸 epidemic disease 传染病 dropout students 失学儿童 laid-off worker 下岗工人 reemployment project 再就业工程 clone technology 克隆技术 migrate laborer 民工 crack down on counterfeit goods / fake products 打假 devalue 贬值 expand domestic demand 扩大内需 state-owned enterprise 国有企业 deflation 通货紧缩 inflation通货膨胀 rechargeable card 冲值卡 Smooth Traffic Project 畅通工程 anti-fake label 防伪标志 poverty alleviation 扶贫 infrastructure construction 基础设施 vicious circle 恶性循环 gender discrimination 性别歧视 psychological quality心理素质 pattern of consumption 消费结构 consumers" association消费者协会 green food绿色食品 money worship 拜金主意 Olympic committee 奥委会 host city 举办城市 bid for Olympic 申办奥运会

目前湿地管理性定义，最权威、最具代表性的是《湿地公约》中的定义。《湿地公约》将湿地定义为：“湿地是指天然或人工的、永久性或暂时性的沼泽地、泥炭地和水域，蓄有静止或流动的淡水、半咸水或咸水，包括低潮时水深不超过6m的海水区”。按照这个定义，湿地包括沼泽、泥炭地、湿草甸、湖泊、河流、滞蓄洪区、河口三角洲、滩涂、水库、池塘、水稻田以及低潮时水深浅于6m的海域地带等。《湿地公约》在1982年对湿地定义又进行了增补，湿地还包括临近湿地的河滨和海岸地区，包括岛屿或湿地范围内低潮超过6m的海域。我国是世界上湿地资源最丰富的国家之一，居亚洲第一位，世界第四位，仅次于俄罗斯、加拿大和美国。我国是世界上湿地类型最丰富的国家之一。《湿地公约》所列湿地名录中的26类自然湿地和9类人工湿地类型在中国均有分布，主要包括沼泽、湖泊湿地、河流湿地、河口湿地、海岸滩涂、浅海水域、水库、池塘、稻田等各种自然和人工湿地，而青藏高原的陆极湿地又具有世界特色。

1．功能性: 益生菌中研究最多、功能性最多的一种益生菌，且对其的研究一直未间断过。2．知名度: 全球最知名的益生菌之一，40多个国家和地区有LGG产品。3．唯一性: 全球独家拥有LGG的销售和授权，许多其它益生菌则多家公司有售。4．经验性: 全球独家既生产益生菌菌种，又自己生产各种益生菌产品（始于1990年），丰富的生产、销售、市场和全球客户服务经验。5．风味影响性: LGG产乳酸，不会对产品风味带来不利影响，而双歧杆菌以产醋酸为主，会给产品风味带来一些负面影响。6．活菌数稳定性: LGG在产品保质期内活菌数保持稳定，比如酸奶在一个月内LGG活菌数基本不变化。而大部分其它益生菌种则衰减相当迅速。如：嗜酸乳杆菌在两周后，活菌数量就降为原来的25%（不同菌株有所不同）甚至更低，四周后活菌数降为原来的10%以下。双歧杆菌在3-7天后，活菌数可降为原来的10%以下，两周后活菌数就更低，一般在1%以下。7．活体进入人体肠道能力: LGG在耐胃酸和胆汁方面的性能非常突出，可以活体进入人体肠道。而其他大部分益生菌种在进入肠道前就已经因胃酸和胆汁作用而死亡。如：普通酸奶菌种保加利亚乳酸杆菌在pH3.0条件下，半小时后活菌数降为原来的5%左右，1小时后活菌数降为原来的0.5%左右。对双歧杆菌而言，30℃，pH4.0对双歧杆菌的存活有较大影响，2小时后活菌数可降低70%-90%以上，pH2.0时则衰减更快。嗜酸乳杆菌的情况接近双歧杆菌。8．人体内定殖（存活）能力: LGG可以定殖在人体内长达两周之久，能有效改善调整人体胃肠道菌群群落，对人体健康非常有益。所以能否定殖于人体对于一个益生菌的生理功能将有很大的影响。其他大部分益生菌种均不能定殖于人体。9、LGG 获得中国卫生部首个新资源食品的正式批准，LGG 可以安全地用于国内食品中去。10、三代益生菌比较：第一代 第二代 第三代产品 酸奶等 AB益菌奶、酸奶等 LGG产品菌种 普通菌种，如嗜热链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌等 嗜酸乳杆菌双歧杆菌等 LGG划分依据 uf06c 技术特性：产乳酸、香味物质等uf06c 无临床方面的研究 uf06c 可能对胃肠道功能有所改善uf06c 在已有的研究中或已发表的文章中，并没有针对某一种特定的菌株进行uf06c 目前在乳制品中的应用较广泛 uf06c 临床实验证实具有改善胃肠道功能的作用uf06c 所有的研究都是针对LGG这一特定的菌株uf06c 大量有关LGG功能性的科技文献uf06c 维利奥公司拥有LGG的全球唯一授权LGG益生菌LGG：预防抗生素使用引起的腹泻；治疗和预防轮状病毒引起的腹泻；治疗艰难梭状病菌腹泻；预防急性腹泻；缓解克罗恩病(Crohns disease)；抗龋齿。Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) Lowering faecal enzyme activities, reduction of Siitonen et al. (1990), Goldin et al. (1992), Kailaantibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children, et al. (1992), Hosoda et al. (1994), Isolauri et al.treatment and prevention of rotavirus and acute (1991, 1994), Majamaa et al. (1995), Raza et al.diarrhoea in children, treatment of relapsing (1995), Sepp et al. (1995), Bennett et al. (1996),Clostridium difficile diarrhoea, immune response Malin et al. (1996), Hilton et al. (1997),modulation, alleviation of atopic dermatitis Majamaa and Isolauri (1997), Shornikova et al.symptoms in children (1997c), Alander et al. (1997, 1999),Kankaanpa¨a¨ et al. (1998), Pelto et al. (1998),Rautanen et al. (1998), Arvola et al. (1999)

1997年：湿地是生命之源（Wetlands : a Source of Life）1998年：湿地之水，水之湿地（Water for Wetlands, Wetlands for Water）1999年：人与湿地，息息相关（People and Wetlands :the Vital Link）2000年：珍惜我们共同的国际重要湿地（Celebrating Our Wetlands of International Importance）2001年：湿地世界——有待探索的世界（Wetlands World-A World to Discover）2002年：湿地：水、生命和文化（Wetlands : Water,Life,and Culture）2003年：没有湿地-就没有水（No Wetlands - No Water）2004年：从高山到海洋，湿地在为人类服务(From the Mountains to the Sea,Wetlands at Work for Us)2005年：湿地生物多样性和文化多样性（Culture and Biological Diversities of Wetlands）2006年：湿地与减贫（Wetland as a Tool in Poverty Alleviation）2007年：湿地与鱼类（Wetlands and Fisheries）2008年：健康的湿地，健康的人类 (Healthy Wetland, Healthy People)2009年：从上游到下游，湿地连着你和我 (Upstream-Downstream: Wetlands connect us all )2010年：湿地、生物多样性与气候变化（Wetland, biodiversity and climate change）2011年：森林与水和湿地息息相关（Forest and water and wetland is closely linked）2012年：湿地与旅游（Wetlands and Tourism）2013年：湿地和水资源管理 2014年：湿地与农业（Wetlands and Agriculture）2015年：湿地：我们的未来 2016年：湿地与未来：可持续的生计（Wetlands for our Future, Sustainable Livelihoods）

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中国国际扶贫基金会会长的级别是非政府组织、民间社团编制。扩展资料：中国扶贫基金会（英文：China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation，缩写：CFPA）成立于1989 年，是在民政部注册、由国务院扶贫办主管的全国性扶贫公益组织，是中国扶贫公益领域规模大、具有一定影响力的公益组织之一。28年来，中国扶贫基金会通过良好的内部治理、项目管理和社会绩效得到了公众的广泛认同，社会影响力不断提高。2007年、2013年在民政部组织的全国基金会等级评审中，均被评为最高等级5A级基金会。2016年9月，《慈善法》颁布后，被民政部首批认定为具有公开募捐资格的慈善组织。

不知道好不好，自己看罗。。国家助学贷款是针对普通高等学校中经济确实困难的全日制本、专科学生的助学贷款。自1999年实施以来，在缓解贫困大学生的就学资金压力方面起到了一定的积极作用，但目前由于国家助学贷款制度仍存在政策设计方面的缺陷，贷款的实际覆盖率还很低，而且出现了高违约率现象，严重影响到助学贷款的顺利运行。本文首先从高校贫困生申贷困难、借款学生还息还贷率低、银行收贷困难三个方面详细阐述了我国大学生助学贷款的主要困境。然后从社会信用体系尚未建立、信用贷款法律制度尚不完备、贷款学生诚信度低、银行发展助学贷款业务不积极四个方面论述了我国大学生助学贷款存在困境的原因。最后从建立国家助学贷款风险补偿制度、加强诚信教育和建立个人信用体系、完善相关的规章制度和法律法规三个方面论述了走出高校助学贷款困境的途径。National Student loans are for ordinary colleges and universities in the economy this really difficult time, the student loan specialist students. Since 1999 since the implementation of poverty alleviation students in the school funding pressures played a certain positive role, but the current system of student loans because of national policy still exist in the design flaw, the actual loan coverage still very low, but there Gao Wei Yueshuai phenomenon, seriously affecting the smooth operation of student loans. This paper from the loan-to-Poor College Students Shanghai difficulties, students borrow low interest rate loan, the loan-to-bank difficult to elaborate on three aspects of China"s college students student loans the major difficulties. And from the social credit system has not yet been established, credit legal system is not yet complete, the integrity of low student loans, student loans to banks is not positive on four aspects of China"s college students student loans plight of the reason for existence. Finally, the establishment of national student loan risk compensation system, strengthen the integrity of education and the establishment of personal credit system, improve the relevant regulations and laws and regulations on the three areas out of college student loans plight of the way.

我国脱贫攻坚取得了显著成效，但仍然面临着一些新的挑战。以下是一些常见的新挑战：1. 可持续脱贫：2020年我国实现脱贫攻坚目标后，需要确保脱贫成果可持续。这包括帮助脱贫户实现可持续增收，建立长效机制，加强扶贫监管，解决被返贫的问题等。2. 深度贫困地区的脱贫：深度贫困地区的脱贫是当前的一个重点任务。这些地区的贫困程度更深，资源条件更加匮乏，脱贫难度更大。3. 特殊贫困人口：一些群体仍然面临困境，例如残疾人、贫困儿童、留守儿童、流动人口等。解决这些群体的贫困问题是脱贫攻坚的一个难点。4. 新冠疫情影响：新冠疫情对全球经济和社会造成了深刻的影响，也给脱贫攻坚带来了一些挑战。疫情可能使家庭收入减少，增加特别是因病致贫受疫情影响的人员比例，也可能导致一些贫困人口再次陷入贫困。5. 区域差异：不同地区的贫困程度和属性不同，解决这些问题的策略、措施也应当因地制宜。6. 贫困动态变化：脱贫攻坚工作面临的新挑战之一是贫困的动态变化。贫困发生和贫困人口变化可能会随着时间和经济形势的变化而发生变化。总之，解决这些新挑战需要全社会协力，特别是在政策落实、帮扶措施、制度保障、扶贫干部队伍建设等方面坚持不断创新与完善，将脱贫攻坚的经验和成效保持下去，为解决新问题、战胜新风险提供坚实基础。除了前面提到的一些挑战，我国脱贫攻坚还面临以下一些挑战：7. 生态环境保护与贫困 alleviation 的平衡：一些贫困地区的发展需要消耗和破坏环境资源，而保护生态环境又是至关重要的。如何在环境保护和脱贫攻坚之间实现平衡是一个值得探讨的问题。8. 生产生活方式与贫困 alleviation 的适应性：一些贫困地区传统的生产和生活方式越来越难以适应新时代的变革和调整，如何在保留本土特色的同时实现转型和创新，进一步提高贫困地区的生产和生活水平，是一个关键性问题。9. 动态扶贫机制的建立和完善：扶贫是一个动态过程，贫困群众和贫困地区的贫困状况会随着时间和经济形势的变化而发生变化。因此，建立动态扶贫机制，及时调整扶贫措施，适应贫困发生变化的需求，是一个重要的任务。10. 教育和技能提升：贫困地区的人民需要通过教育、技术、职业培训等方式提高自己的能力水平，进一步增强自身的竞争力，才能更好地脱贫，并逐步实现全面发展。总之，我国脱贫攻坚仍然面临着一些挑战，需要全社会共同努力，制定切实可行的政策措施和市场基础设施的支持，加大宣传和推广，落实“精准扶贫”策略，并注重长期可持续发展。除去前面提到的挑战以外，我国脱贫攻坚还会面临以下一些挑战：11.政策执行和管理：脱贫攻坚涉及多个政策领域， 咨询和协调机构缺乏协调，前期倾向于视角窄，思想和立法流程不顺畅等问题。在未来脱贫攻坚中如何规划、组织和协调各层次政策的布局，建立全面的政策管理体系，提高政策实施的质量和效率，是重要课题。12.信息技术的应用：脱贫攻坚的信息技术应用也面临着一些挑战。在脱贫攻坚的过程中，信息技术应用是必不可少的。如何充分利用信息技术，将脱贫攻坚的各个环节有机衔接，建立统一的平台系统，实现政府和公众的脱贫攻坚信息共享是关键。13.扶贫资金的有效使用和管理：扶贫资金的使用和管理是脱贫攻坚的关键。但是，扶贫资金的管理和追查存在着困难。一些地方利用扶贫资金可能出现的问题，如何保障扶贫资金的合规使用和有效发挥作用，是一个亟需解决的问题。14.民族和地区平等待解决：在开展脱贫攻坚工作时，如何统筹考虑民族和地区之间的平等问题，重视地方特色和历史文化，深入了解贫困群众的意愿和需求，遵循公正、公平、公开的原则开展工作，是脱贫攻坚的重要课题。总之，在面临各种新挑战的时候，我国可以加强合作，凝聚各方热情，借鉴国内外的先进实践，做好脱贫攻坚的规划、组织和实施工作，加强风险预警和控制能力，全力以赴推进脱贫攻坚。

因公行政、经济手段，改变一地落后的经济面貌。

破罩行 Beijing Human and Animals Environmental Education Centre 北京绿十字生态文化传播中心 Green Cross 法治环保在线 Environment & Law on Line(ELL) 中国香根草网络 China Vetiver Network 绿色北京 Green Beijing 浑善达克沙地治理协会 Hunsandake Desert Reclamation Association 北京市海淀林业老科技工作者协会动物救助分会 Animal Rescue Beijing（ARB） 北京富平学校环境与发展研究所 Fuping Institute for Environment and Development 中华环境保护基金会 China Environmental Protection Foundation 中国环境文化促进会 China Environmental Culture Promotion Association 绿网 Green Web Alliance 北京市朝阳区绿家园环境科学研究中心 Green Earth Volunteers 新疆自然保育 Xinjiang Conservation Fund 公众与环境研究中心 Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs（IPE） 绿色之星废电池志愿者服务队 绿色家园环境保护中心 Greenhome Environmental Protection Center (GEPC) 石油与环境网络 Petroleum and Environment Network 清水同盟 Clean Water Alliances (China) 国仁绿色联盟 Ground Green Union 大海环保公社 Ocean Protection Commune 北京猛禽救助中心 Beijing Raptor Rescue Center 曾经草原网站 ECHOING STEPPE 自然景象环境保护协会 CNature 自然景象环境保护协 CNature 能源与交通创新中心 Innovation Center for Energy and Transportation 北京天恒可持续发展研究所 South-North Institute for Sustainable Development 热爱家园 Grassroots Community 上海绿洲野生动物保护交流中心 Shanghai Green Oasis Wildlife Conservation and Communication Center 上海野鸟会 Shanghai Wild Bird Society 天津绿色之友 Friends of Green in Tianjin 污染受害者法律帮助中心 Center for Legal Assistance to Pollution Victims 重庆绿色志愿者联合会 The Green Volunteer League of Chongqing 中国香根草网络 China Vetiver Network 大足县生态农业种植合作协会 公众与环境研究中心 Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs（IPE） 重庆市万州社区文化促进会 Chongqing Community Association for Culture Promotion 重庆市万州绿色三峡志愿者协会 Wanzhou Volunteers" Association for Green Three Gorges, Chongqing 重庆济溪环境咨询中心 The Gsean Environmental Advisory Center of ChongQing 江苏绿色之友（南京大地文化发展交流中心） Friends Of Green Environment 绿石环境行动网络 Green Stone Environmental Action Network 青岛市青年环境保护促进会 Qingdao Youth Association of Environment Protection(QYAEP) 济南走进自然环保志愿者协会 Entering the nature-Jinan Environmental Protection Volunteers Association 河南省长垣县绿色未来环境保护协会 Green Future Environmental Protection Association in Changyuan County, Henan Province 国仁绿色联盟 Ground Green Union 绿色珠江（东莞市东城身行环保工作室） Green Zhujiang 绿点61广州 Guangzhou Green Point Environmental Portection Information Center 厦门绿拾字环保服务社 Xiamen Greencross Association 绿眼睛环保组织 Greeneyes China 屏南绿色之家 Pingnan Green Association 中国红树林保育联盟 China Mangrove Conservation Network (CMCN) 福建省绿家园环境友好中心 FuJian Green Home Environment friendly center 海南省自然保护发展研究会 Nature Conservation & Development Research Association of Hainan Province 海南生态环境教育中心 Hainan Ecological and Environmental Education Centre 海南观鸟会 Hainan Bird Watching Society 瀚海沙 Han Hai Sha 茂县九顶山野生动植物之友协会 Mao County Association of Friends of Wild Animal and Plants Protection 香格里拉高山植物园 Shangri-la Alpine Botanical Garden 绿色江河 Green River 绿色骆驼 Green Camel GreenSOS（绿色学生组织网） Green Student Organization Society 甘孜州生物多样性保护与生态文化协会（绿色康巴协会） Green KHAM 中国志愿者保护藏羚羊协会 China Volunteer Association on Pretection for Tibetan Antelope 大巴山生态与贫困问题研究会 The Daba Mountains Academy For Biology and Poverty Problems 石油与环境网络 Petroleum and Environment Network 昆明思得瑞自然资源可持续发展研究院 Kunming EarthWatch Institute For Sustainable Development of Natural Resources 成都城市河流研究会 Chengdu Urban Rivers Association(CURA) 四川省阿坝州茂县社区可持续发展促进会 Maoxian Promotion Association for Development 污染受害者法律帮助中心 Center for Legal Assistance to Pollution Victims 淮河卫士 Huai river water liuing circumstance scientific researching centre 中国香根草网络 China Vetiver Network 霍山环境扶贫发展中心 Center for Environment Development and Poverty Alleviation(CEDPA) 绿满江淮 Green Anhui 公众与环境研究中心 Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs（IPE） 芜湖生态中心 Wuhu Ecology Center 河北绿色知音 Green Friend Association 衡水市地球女儿环保志愿者协会 河北平山县西柏坡爱鸟协会 Pingshan Xibaipo Love Bird Association of Hebei 绿色家园环境保护中心 Greenhome Environmental Protection Center (GEPC) 国仁绿色联盟 Ground Green Union 绿色和谐使者——橄榄绿环境文化传播中心 Green Hotel Angel 沧州野生动物救护中心 CANGZHOU WILDLIFE RESCUE CENTER 云南大学东亚影视人类学研究所(云南人与自然基金会) East Asia Institute of Visual Anthropology at Yunnan University 云南思力生态替代技术中心 Pesticide Eco-Alternatives Center Yunnan China 云南省大众流域管理研究和推广中心（绿色流域） Green Watershed 云南省生物多样性和传统知识研究会 Center for Biodiversity and Indigenous Knowledge 昆明野地环境发展研究所 Yunnan Environmental Development Institute 香格里拉民间自然保护协会 Shangri-La Folk Environment Protection Association 香格里拉高山植物园 Shangri-la Alpine Botanical Garden 济南走进自然环保志愿者协会 Entering the nature-Jinan Environmental Protection Volunteers Association 昭通黑颈鹤保护志愿者协会 Zhaotong Volunteers Association to Protect Black-necked Cranes 云南生态网络 Yunnan EcoNetwork 卡瓦格博文化社 昆明思得瑞自然资源可持续发展研究院 Kunming EarthWatch Institute For Sustainable Development of Natural Resources 昆明环保

　　不同国家对各个国家湿地的定义是不同的。不过湿地一定是每个国家环境保护的重要领域。在中国常见的湿地有：沼泽地，泥炭地，浅水湖泊等等。而且每一年的世界湿地日都有不一样的主题，你知道历届的主题都是什么吗？如果不知道就跟我一起来看看吧！　　1997年世界湿地日的主题：湿地是生命之源(wetlands : a source of life) 　　1998年世界湿地日的主题：湿地之水，水之湿地(water for wetlands, wetlands for water) 　　1999年世界湿地日的主题：人与湿地，息息相关(people and wetlands :the vital link) 　　2000年世界湿地日的主题：珍惜我们共同的国际重要湿地(celebrating our wetlands of international importance) 　　2001年世界湿地日的主题：湿地世界——有待探索的世界(wetlands world-a world to discover) 　　2002年世界湿地日的主题：湿地：水、生命和文化(wetlands : water,life,and culture) 　　2003年世界湿地日的主题：没有湿地-就没有水(no wetlands - no water) 　　2004年世界湿地日的主题：从高山到海洋，湿地在为人类服务(from the mountains to the sea,wetlands at work for us) 　　2005年世界湿地日的主题：湿地生物多样性和文化多样性(culture and biologicaldiversities of wetlands) 　　2006年世界湿地日的主题：湿地与减贫(wetland as a tool in poverty alleviation) 　　2007年世界湿地日的主题：湿地与鱼类(wetlands and fisheries) 　　2008年世界湿地日的主题：健康的湿地，健康的人类(healthy wetland, healthy people) 　　2009年世界湿地日的主题：从上游到下游，湿地连着你和我 (upstream-downstream: wetlands connect us all ) 　　2010年全球主题是：湿地、生物多样性与气候变化(Wetlands, Biodiversity and Climate Change)，有关主题配合联合国宣报2010年为「国际生物多样性年」。2010年世界湿地日的口号为：携手保护湿地，应对气候变化 (Caring for Wetlands - An Answer to Climate Change ) 　　2011年2月2日世界湿地日主题定为“湿地与森林”。口号是“森林关乎水与湿地”。 　　2012年2月2日是第16个“世界湿地日”。主题是“负责任的旅游有益于湿地和人类”，口号是“湿地旅游，一种美妙的体验”。 　　2013年2月2日，第17个“世界湿地日(国际湿地日)”的主题是“湿地与水资源管理”，口号是“湿地守护水资源”。 　　2014年世界湿地日的主题为“湿地与农业”，宣传口号是“湿地与农业：共同成长的伙伴”。 　　2015年世界湿地日的主题为“湿地：我们的未来”，宣传口号是“加入我们”。

　　岗位能力的表现自己对此有什么感觉？但是英文的自我评价要怎么写呢?下面是我为大家带来的范文，相信对你会有帮助的。 　　篇一 　　I called **, ** pany has been to work for two years, in the past two years, there are successful, there are failures, there is joy, but also distress, in the pany under the guidance of the leadership and colleagues in the full support And help, my ability to work has been greatly improved, now two years of work to do a self-evaluation. 　　2, to do their own work in the fear of hardship, not afraid of tired, do not be afraid of their own work, do not be afraid to work hard, Work closely with colleagues, the relationship between colleagues, unity and fraternity, mutual help and mutual respect; due to their lack of work experience in the work of the lack of handling of user plaints, the work of the staff of the work of the staff, Practical experience, service work done not meticulous, this is my future direction. 　　2, I have been working in the pany since the help of my colleagues in the care, through personal efforts and work-related experience in the accumulation of knowledge continues to expand, the ability to work has made great progress. 　　3, review the past two years, I seriously study the business training, and actively participate in job training, dedication, courtesy, warm service, patiently answer questions, to provide quality services to customers and continue to practice to improve their quality and business Level, grow into a qualified salesperson. 　　In the future work and life, I believe that through my efforts, I will grow into a good staff, to bee an example of learning for others to contribute to the pany. 　　篇二 　　According to the municipal Party mittee, city hall and county Party mittee, the county government, "2014 rural reconstruction action plan to enhance the implementation of the" spirit of the notice, Zhangjiakou City Administrative Approval Office, Zhangjiakou City Poverty Alleviation Development Office in the village team from 17 February into Chicheng County Longguan town of Hetuogou village, under the leadership of the head of Zhang Wenbin, aimed at "strong team, and promote development, and livelihood, and stability" of the campaign objectives, in accordance with the work requirements, strictly abide by the work discipline, The village in the actual, and actively around the implementation of the "two activities" task, and seriously carry out home visits, village conditions and public opinion research, the use of various forms of positive publicity at all levels, various meetings and a series of national Huimin policy, The huoduogou village in 2014 to transform the rural appearance to enhance the action plan project implementation plan, "" Hutuogou village party mass line education practice activities implementation plan "and" project construction and the construction of the project, The development of the "four clear" long-term mechani *** of work, village greening project construction, village road hardening construction, drinking water safety construction of eight cut soil Goucun actual development of specific planning measures, in full swing to helpSupport work. 　　After nearly six months of efforts, the village team pleted the village "four clear" environmental remediation work, village greening work, strengthen village grassroots organizations, the party"s mass line of education practice activities such as learning and education action. Also take the initiative to play advantage, bined with the actual needs of Hetou Village, targeted to plete the "village mittee, the village convenience service room regularization, donated books, mobilize the masses of party members and masses of the obligations of tree planting, sympathy old Party cadres and poor households, Helping the masses of students, positive contact for the villagers free clinic "and other optional action. At the same time, the village-wide working group also organized to participate in the village-level system construction, and actively help to resolve the problem. 　　The first half of the investment of 5 million yuan to improve the work mechani *** of the three villages, developed four management systems to ensure the harmonious development of villages and village management on the road to formalize the same time for the second half of the "two activities" To lay a good foundation. 　　篇三 　　Time to go away, and now the work has gradually bee a matter of course, this may be a blessing, is to let me worthy of nostalgia for a period of experience. More than a month of probation down, their efforts, but also a lot of progress and learned a lot of things not previously, I think this is not only work, more importantly, gave me a chance to learn and exercise. 　　In the help and support of various departments, I do a good job co-ordination and upload work, to work in front, do the first, both work capacity, or the quality of thinking have been further improved, better pleted the pany propaganda , Personnel management, staff training, file management, logistics services and corporate security and other aspects of the task. In order to strengthen the management of people, money and materials, I improved various management systems in the past, highlighted the system management, strictly according to regulations, to further clarify the work responsibilities, improve the use of official seals, paper use, puter use, leave, duty Various routine management, fully reflects the management of people do not thinking, the work orderly. 　　Do a good job in office work, have a higher theoretical quality and *** ytical ability to solve problems. Learning through various means, for which the offices are equipped with puters, the use of online resources to learn and work-related knowledge, and constantly broaden their horizons, rich minds, enhance their ability to keep up with the development of the situation to meet the needs of the work. Improve the theoretical level, professional quality and ability to work. 　　Willing to work with others, have a strong teamwork skills; strong sense of responsibility, and indeed plete the work of the leadership of the delivery, the work of the work of self- And colleagues to work together, the relationship between harmony and harmony, with the head of the department successfully pleted the work, 　　In the days to work, I gradually fell in love with this place, like the job, want to slowly grow up here to bee a qualified official xx-x in the staff, a month of study and work , So I grew a lot, I will continue to work in the future, as always, to maintain a good style, and constantly improve themselves and make some success. 　　Four years of university study, learn more professional basic knowledge and then is a self-learning ability, and practical experience, social experience is very scarce. As a graduate, the beginning of the pany, have been very worried about how I do not know how to coexist, how to do a good job, but the pany relaxed and harmonious working atmosphere, good learning development opportunities, so I quickly pleted from students to staff . Can correctly face the setback, dialectical look at the problem. Work can always maintain a positive attitude, and strive to work. 　　The past year is a year of constant learning and enrichment, a year of active exploration and gradual growth. Of course, entering the workplace, inevitably lack of experience in business knowledge, and their own work requirements there are still some gaps. But these experiences also let me continue to mature, in dealing with a variety of issues to consider a more prehensive, professional skills have been strengthened. Here, I would like to thank the leadership of the pany and my colleagues to cultivate the guidance of my induction and help, for their mistakes in my work reminders and corrections. I also know that graduation is only a *** all step in school, society is a real university. In future work, I will strive to identify their own position, to do their best to contribute to the pany for the pany to create real wealth, but also for their own to seek a greater progress.

靠谱。中国扶贫基金会（英文：China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation，缩写：CFPA）成立于1989 年，是在民政部注册、由国务院扶贫办主管的全国性扶贫公益组织，是中国扶贫公益领域规模大、具有一定影响力的公益组织之一。综上所述中国乡村发展基金会靠谱。

一般来说，托福写作会涉及到一些固定的主题，整理这些主题所涉及到的词汇和句型，就有重要的意义。下面，小编为大家整理“托福写作高频词汇分类汇总”，希望对大家有所帮助。1. 环保话题类 white pollute 白色污染 sustainable development 可持续发展 ecosystem 生态系统 environmental pollution 环境污染 over-fishing (overgrazing) 过度捕捞 (过度放牧) sand storm 沙尘暴 resource exhaustion 资源枯竭 water and soil conservation 水土保持 soil erosion 土壤流失 clear-cutting (deforestation) 滥砍滥伐 desertification 沙漠化 conserve natural resources 保护自然资源 shortage of fresh water 淡水短缺 disruption of ecological balance 生态失衡 natural preservation zone 自然保护区2. 教育话题类 the craze for graduate school 考研热 surf the internet 网上冲浪 cyberspace 网络空间 inter-disciplinary talent 复合型人才 assignment of graduates 毕业生分配 net friend 网友 examination-oriented education 应试教育 teach students according to their aptitude 因材施教 quality-oriented education 素质教育 compulsory education 义务教育 internet bar 网吧 adult (continuing) education 成人教育 distance education 远程教育 campus culture校园文化 two-way selection 双向选择 work-study program 勤工俭学 double degree 双学位 non-resident student 走读生 resident student 寄宿生 extracurricular activities 课外活动 self-taught examination 自学考试 become well-educated through self-study 自学成才 to reduce study load 学生减负 web-addiction 沉湎于上网3. 社会热点类 Project Hope 希望工程 information revolution 信息革命 jerry-built projects 豆腐渣工程 population explosion 人口爆炸 epidemic disease 传染病 dropout students 失学儿童 laid-off worker 下岗工人 reemployment project 再就业工程 clone technology 克隆技术 migrate laborer 民工 crack down on counterfeit goods / fake products 打假 devalue 贬值 expand domestic demand 扩大内需 state-owned enterprise 国有企业 deflation 通货紧缩 inflation通货膨胀 rechargeable card 冲值卡 Smooth Traffic Project 畅通工程 anti-fake label 防伪标志 poverty alleviation 扶贫 infrastructure construction 基础设施 vicious circle 恶性循环 gender discrimination 性别歧视 psychological quality心理素质 pattern of consumption 消费结构 consumers" association消费者协会 green food绿色食品 money worship 拜金主意 Olympic committee 奥委会 host city 举办城市 bid for Olympic 申办奥运会

助人为乐的英文怎么写 助人为乐find in helping others 助人为乐[zhù rén wéi lè] 词典 find [take] pleasure [delight] in helping others; be generous in giving help; be glad to help others; be happy that one can be of help to others网络 helpful; helping others; HAPPY FOR OTHERS 助人为乐用英文怎么说？ the good deed in helping 助人为乐用英文怎么说 Find in helping others 词典释义 find [take] pleasure [delight] in helping others be generous in giving help助人为乐 be glad to help others助人为乐 be happy that one can be of help to others 助人为乐-英文翻译 助人为乐=find/takepleasure/delightinhelpingothers 助人为乐的英文 助人为乐: happiness lies in giving help to others Dora often finds it a pleasure to help others, but she is thought to have rocks in her head. 多拉经常助人为乐，但人们却认为她是干傻事。 Margaret has done so much for us without expecting anything in return; she has been a true guardian angel. 玛格利特为我们做过许多事，但并不希望得到什么回报。她真是个助人为乐的人。 We should strive to inculcate in our young people the revolutionary style of diligent study, observance of discipline, love of labour, pleasure in helping others, defiance of hardships and courage in the face of the en川my. In this way they can bee fine and petent people loyal to the socialist motherland, to the proletarian revolutionary cause and to Marxi *** -Lenini *** and Mao Zedong Thought. Thus, when they finish their schooling and take up their jobs, they will be workers imbued with a strong sense of political responsibility and collectivi *** and a firm revolutionary ideology; their style of work will be to seek truth from facts and follow the mass line, and they will observe strict discipline and work wholeheartedly for the people. 我们要大力在青少年中提倡勤奋学习、遵守纪律、热爱劳动、助人为乐、艰苦奋斗、英勇对敌的革命风尚，把青少年培养成为忠于社会主义祖国、忠于无产阶级革命事业、忠于马克思列宁主义 *** 思想的优秀人才，将来走上工作岗位，成为有很高的政治责任心和集体主义精神，有坚定的革命思想和实事求是、群众路线的工作作风，严守纪律，专心致志地为人民积极工作的劳动者。 poverty alleviation 扶贫 relief of the poor people and area 扶贫 3. "Women"s Action to Help the Poor." 3、“巾帼扶贫行动”。 -- Supporting agriculture and assisting in poverty-relief and development efforts. －－支援农业和扶贫开发工作。 Even so, the work of aiding the p......>> “团结友爱，助人为乐”用英语如何表达 30分 Unity and friendship, towards others 助人为乐是中华民族的传统美德。用英语怎么说？ Find in helping others

我国脱贫攻坚取得了显著成效，但仍然面临着一些新的挑战。以下是一些常见的新挑战：1. 可持续脱贫：2020年我国实现脱贫攻坚目标后，需要确保脱贫成果可持续。这包括帮助脱贫户实现可持续增收，建立长效机制，加强扶贫监管，解决被返贫的问题等。2. 深度贫困地区的脱贫：深度贫困地区的脱贫是当前的一个重点任务。这些地区的贫困程度更深，资源条件更加匮乏，脱贫难度更大。3. 特殊贫困人口：一些群体仍然面临困境，例如残疾人、贫困儿童、留守儿童、流动人口等。解决这些群体的贫困问题是脱贫攻坚的一个难点。4. 新冠疫情影响：新冠疫情对全球经济和社会造成了深刻的影响，也给脱贫攻坚带来了一些挑战。疫情可能使家庭收入减少，增加特别是因病致贫受疫情影响的人员比例，也可能导致一些贫困人口再次陷入贫困。5. 区域差异：不同地区的贫困程度和属性不同，解决这些问题的策略、措施也应当因地制宜。6. 贫困动态变化：脱贫攻坚工作面临的新挑战之一是贫困的动态变化。贫困发生和贫困人口变化可能会随着时间和经济形势的变化而发生变化。总之，解决这些新挑战需要全社会协力，特别是在政策落实、帮扶措施、制度保障、扶贫干部队伍建设等方面坚持不断创新与完善，将脱贫攻坚的经验和成效保持下去，为解决新问题、战胜新风险提供坚实基础。除了前面提到的一些挑战，我国脱贫攻坚还面临以下一些挑战：7. 生态环境保护与贫困 alleviation 的平衡：一些贫困地区的发展需要消耗和破坏环境资源，而保护生态环境又是至关重要的。如何在环境保护和脱贫攻坚之间实现平衡是一个值得探讨的问题。8. 生产生活方式与贫困 alleviation 的适应性：一些贫困地区传统的生产和生活方式越来越难以适应新时代的变革和调整，如何在保留本土特色的同时实现转型和创新，进一步提高贫困地区的生产和生活水平，是一个关键性问题。9. 动态扶贫机制的建立和完善：扶贫是一个动态过程，贫困群众和贫困地区的贫困状况会随着时间和经济形势的变化而发生变化。因此，建立动态扶贫机制，及时调整扶贫措施，适应贫困发生变化的需求，是一个重要的任务。10. 教育和技能提升：贫困地区的人民需要通过教育、技术、职业培训等方式提高自己的能力水平，进一步增强自身的竞争力，才能更好地脱贫，并逐步实现全面发展。总之，我国脱贫攻坚仍然面临着一些挑战，需要全社会共同努力，制定切实可行的政策措施和市场基础设施的支持，加大宣传和推广，落实“精准扶贫”策略，并注重长期可持续发展。除去前面提到的挑战以外，我国脱贫攻坚还会面临以下一些挑战：11.政策执行和管理：脱贫攻坚涉及多个政策领域， 咨询和协调机构缺乏协调，前期倾向于视角窄，思想和立法流程不顺畅等问题。在未来脱贫攻坚中如何规划、组织和协调各层次政策的布局，建立全面的政策管理体系，提高政策实施的质量和效率，是重要课题。12.信息技术的应用：脱贫攻坚的信息技术应用也面临着一些挑战。在脱贫攻坚的过程中，信息技术应用是必不可少的。如何充分利用信息技术，将脱贫攻坚的各个环节有机衔接，建立统一的平台系统，实现政府和公众的脱贫攻坚信息共享是关键。13.扶贫资金的有效使用和管理：扶贫资金的使用和管理是脱贫攻坚的关键。但是，扶贫资金的管理和追查存在着困难。一些地方利用扶贫资金可能出现的问题，如何保障扶贫资金的合规使用和有效发挥作用，是一个亟需解决的问题。14.民族和地区平等待解决：在开展脱贫攻坚工作时，如何统筹考虑民族和地区之间的平等问题，重视地方特色和历史文化，深入了解贫困群众的意愿和需求，遵循公正、公平、公开的原则开展工作，是脱贫攻坚的重要课题。总之，在面临各种新挑战的时候，我国可以加强合作，凝聚各方热情，借鉴国内外的先进实践，做好脱贫攻坚的规划、组织和实施工作，加强风险预警和控制能力，全力以赴推进脱贫攻坚。

　　不同国家对各个国家湿地的定义是不同的。不过湿地一定是每个国家环境保护的重要领域。在中国常见的湿地有：沼泽地，泥炭地，浅水湖泊等等。而且每一年的世界湿地日都有不一样的主题，你知道历届的主题都是什么吗？如果不知道就跟我一起来看看吧！　　1997年世界湿地日的主题：湿地是生命之源(wetlands : a source of life) 　　1998年世界湿地日的主题：湿地之水，水之湿地(water for wetlands, wetlands for water) 　　1999年世界湿地日的主题：人与湿地，息息相关(people and wetlands :the vital link) 　　2000年世界湿地日的主题：珍惜我们共同的国际重要湿地(celebrating our wetlands of international importance) 　　2001年世界湿地日的主题：湿地世界——有待探索的世界(wetlands world-a world to discover) 　　2002年世界湿地日的主题：湿地：水、生命和文化(wetlands : water,life,and culture) 　　2003年世界湿地日的主题：没有湿地-就没有水(no wetlands - no water) 　　2004年世界湿地日的主题：从高山到海洋，湿地在为人类服务(from the mountains to the sea,wetlands at work for us) 　　2005年世界湿地日的主题：湿地生物多样性和文化多样性(culture and biologicaldiversities of wetlands) 　　2006年世界湿地日的主题：湿地与减贫(wetland as a tool in poverty alleviation) 　　2007年世界湿地日的主题：湿地与鱼类(wetlands and fisheries) 　　2008年世界湿地日的主题：健康的湿地，健康的人类(healthy wetland, healthy people) 　　2009年世界湿地日的主题：从上游到下游，湿地连着你和我 (upstream-downstream: wetlands connect us all ) 　　2010年全球主题是：湿地、生物多样性与气候变化(Wetlands, Biodiversity and Climate Change)，有关主题配合联合国宣报2010年为「国际生物多样性年」。2010年世界湿地日的口号为：携手保护湿地，应对气候变化 (Caring for Wetlands - An Answer to Climate Change ) 　　2011年2月2日世界湿地日主题定为“湿地与森林”。口号是“森林关乎水与湿地”。 　　2012年2月2日是第16个“世界湿地日”。主题是“负责任的旅游有益于湿地和人类”，口号是“湿地旅游，一种美妙的体验”。 　　2013年2月2日，第17个“世界湿地日(国际湿地日)”的主题是“湿地与水资源管理”，口号是“湿地守护水资源”。 　　2014年世界湿地日的主题为“湿地与农业”，宣传口号是“湿地与农业：共同成长的伙伴”。 　　2015年世界湿地日的主题为“湿地：我们的未来”，宣传口号是“加入我们”。

The graph above exhibits the tremendous change of poor population in rural China from the year of 2012 through 2020. It was about 80 million, approximately 10% of the total population in the beginning. But the number of the poor has been gradually reducing in the following years. Till 2020, it turned zero, symbolizing the success of China"s poverty alleviation.The remarkable achievements attribute to the poverty elimination project by Chinese government. First of all, it had set up the platform to connect villages and cities, so that the poor people in rural places can work in cities to increase income. Secondly, the plan also worked hard to support the agriculture to raise peasants" earning. For example, certain technicians were assigned to go there, providing free help to farmers. Their professional knowledge has greatly strengthened farmers" skills in breeding and planting.Thanks to the successful implementation of poverty alleviation project, our country has got rid of poverty. And we are sure to greater in the future.

内容来自于B站up 主“我是瑞斯拜” 。这些仅是我个人的学习笔记。要看完整内容烦请移步B站。 老版：with the rapid development of ——(主题词 ), it"s of great necessity for —— to ——. 新版：In the contemporary world, ——(主题词) have / has become increasingly important. It"s of great necessity for —— to ——. 当今世界， 已经变得越来越重要。对于某类人来说，做某件事非常有必要。 sb. (students, freshman, citizens, parents, patients, senior people, residents, staff,) reasons and concerts evidence to support my point are follows. The followings are reasons and concerts evidence to support my point. As an old saying goes, ——. For ——(us college students / all of us), it has an increasingly important significance: ——(解释含义). The following reasons can account for this issue. ln the contemporary world, ——(主题词) have/has become increasingly important. When faced with decision of (A) or (B) , quite a few would deem that —— , but others, in contrast, believe that A/B is the premier choice and that is also my point. Among countless reasons which support my view, there are three conspicuous aspects as follow. 当面对A或B的决定时，相当多的人会认为，但另一些人，相反，认为 A/B是首要的选择，这也是我的观点。在无数支持我观点的理由中，有三个显著的方面如下。 As is starkly mirrored (reflected) in the image / chart(表格) that —— (一句话，描述图片) It is revealed that ——(图片内涵) The following reasons can account for this issue. (过渡句) In the first place, there is no doubt that—— Based on big data, most of —— (successful social elites) admitted that —— (they are spent 2/3 of time in doing sth.) Moreover, no one can deny that ——. (—— makes us weaker / stronger) Where there is / are ——, there is ——. Last but not least, I firmly believe that ——(观点3) 加分版： The + 比较级 + 动词，the + 比较级 + 动词 eg：the more friends you have, the happier you are. 简单版： Although······ In conclusion, ——. If we spare no effort to ——, the future of —— will be both hopeful and rosy. ln the contemporary world, the ability to meet challenges has become increasingly important. lt"s of great necessity for students to improve the ability to solve problems when facing difficulty. The following are reasons and concrete evidence to support my view point. In the first place,there is no doubt that we can" t divorce from reality that challenge is everywhere(we can " t avoid challenges). Based on big data，most successful social elites admitted that they"ve spent 2/3 of their time in facing challenges . Moreover,no one can deny that challenges make us stronger. Where there are difficulties, there are opportunities . Last but not least, l firmly believe that without the ability to meet challenges, we can"t make any achievements. ( lf we don"t have the ability to meet challenges, we can"t do anything.) The more problems you solve, the smarter and capable you are . In conclusion, the ability to meet challenges and solve problems is essential for everyone. If we spare no effort to cultivate this ability, the future of our study and career will be both hopeful and rosy. As an old saying goes: What is worth doing, worth doing well. For us college students, it has an increasingly important significance: If you want to achieve something, you need a serious attitude. The following reasons can account for this issue. ln the first place,there is no doubt that we can"t divorce from the reality that attitude plays an important role in one"s success. Based on big data, most successful social elites admitted that they have a serious mindset towards everything. Moreover, no one can deny that a serious attitude makes us stronger. Where there is serious spirit, there are opportunities. Last but not least, l firmly believe that without a serious attitude, we can"t make any achievements.(If we don"t have the serious mindset, we can"t do anything.) The more serious you are, the more possibility you will succeed . ln conclusion, the serious attitude towards everything is essential for everyone. If we spare no effort to(不遗余力）cultivate this mindset, the future of our study and career will be both hopeful and rosy. As is starkly mirrored in the chart（表格) that Chinese rural population has been all lifted out of poverty. lt is revealed that China"s achievements in poverty alleviation are extraordinary.（图片内涵)The following reasons can account for this issue.(过渡句) ln the first place,there is no doubt that officials in the governments have played an important role in this process . Based on big data, most of the governors involved have admitted that they"ve spent2/3 of their time in the rural area. Moreover; no one can deny that the poverty alleviation policy is indeed beneficial. Where there are good policies, there are incentives. Last but not least, I firmly believe that the personal efforts of the rural residents can" t be ignored. The harder they work，the wealthier they are. In conclusion, the accomplishment of poverty alleviation in China is outstanding. lf we spare no efforts to implement the policy and maintain the work, the future of our country will be both hopeful and rosy.

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我国脱贫攻坚取得了显著成效，但仍然面临着一些新的挑战。以下是一些常见的新挑战：1. 可持续脱贫：2020年我国实现脱贫攻坚目标后，需要确保脱贫成果可持续。这包括帮助脱贫户实现可持续增收，建立长效机制，加强扶贫监管，解决被返贫的问题等。2. 深度贫困地区的脱贫：深度贫困地区的脱贫是当前的一个重点任务。这些地区的贫困程度更深，资源条件更加匮乏，脱贫难度更大。3. 特殊贫困人口：一些群体仍然面临困境，例如残疾人、贫困儿童、留守儿童、流动人口等。解决这些群体的贫困问题是脱贫攻坚的一个难点。4. 新冠疫情影响：新冠疫情对全球经济和社会造成了深刻的影响，也给脱贫攻坚带来了一些挑战。疫情可能使家庭收入减少，增加特别是因病致贫受疫情影响的人员比例，也可能导致一些贫困人口再次陷入贫困。5. 区域差异：不同地区的贫困程度和属性不同，解决这些问题的策略、措施也应当因地制宜。6. 贫困动态变化：脱贫攻坚工作面临的新挑战之一是贫困的动态变化。贫困发生和贫困人口变化可能会随着时间和经济形势的变化而发生变化。总之，解决这些新挑战需要全社会协力，特别是在政策落实、帮扶措施、制度保障、扶贫干部队伍建设等方面坚持不断创新与完善，将脱贫攻坚的经验和成效保持下去，为解决新问题、战胜新风险提供坚实基础。除了前面提到的一些挑战，我国脱贫攻坚还面临以下一些挑战：7. 生态环境保护与贫困 alleviation 的平衡：一些贫困地区的发展需要消耗和破坏环境资源，而保护生态环境又是至关重要的。如何在环境保护和脱贫攻坚之间实现平衡是一个值得探讨的问题。8. 生产生活方式与贫困 alleviation 的适应性：一些贫困地区传统的生产和生活方式越来越难以适应新时代的变革和调整，如何在保留本土特色的同时实现转型和创新，进一步提高贫困地区的生产和生活水平，是一个关键性问题。9. 动态扶贫机制的建立和完善：扶贫是一个动态过程，贫困群众和贫困地区的贫困状况会随着时间和经济形势的变化而发生变化。因此，建立动态扶贫机制，及时调整扶贫措施，适应贫困发生变化的需求，是一个重要的任务。10. 教育和技能提升：贫困地区的人民需要通过教育、技术、职业培训等方式提高自己的能力水平，进一步增强自身的竞争力，才能更好地脱贫，并逐步实现全面发展。总之，我国脱贫攻坚仍然面临着一些挑战，需要全社会共同努力，制定切实可行的政策措施和市场基础设施的支持，加大宣传和推广，落实“精准扶贫”策略，并注重长期可持续发展。除去前面提到的挑战以外，我国脱贫攻坚还会面临以下一些挑战：11.政策执行和管理：脱贫攻坚涉及多个政策领域， 咨询和协调机构缺乏协调，前期倾向于视角窄，思想和立法流程不顺畅等问题。在未来脱贫攻坚中如何规划、组织和协调各层次政策的布局，建立全面的政策管理体系，提高政策实施的质量和效率，是重要课题。12.信息技术的应用：脱贫攻坚的信息技术应用也面临着一些挑战。在脱贫攻坚的过程中，信息技术应用是必不可少的。如何充分利用信息技术，将脱贫攻坚的各个环节有机衔接，建立统一的平台系统，实现政府和公众的脱贫攻坚信息共享是关键。13.扶贫资金的有效使用和管理：扶贫资金的使用和管理是脱贫攻坚的关键。但是，扶贫资金的管理和追查存在着困难。一些地方利用扶贫资金可能出现的问题，如何保障扶贫资金的合规使用和有效发挥作用，是一个亟需解决的问题。14.民族和地区平等待解决：在开展脱贫攻坚工作时，如何统筹考虑民族和地区之间的平等问题，重视地方特色和历史文化，深入了解贫困群众的意愿和需求，遵循公正、公平、公开的原则开展工作，是脱贫攻坚的重要课题。总之，在面临各种新挑战的时候，我国可以加强合作，凝聚各方热情，借鉴国内外的先进实践，做好脱贫攻坚的规划、组织和实施工作，加强风险预警和控制能力，全力以赴推进脱贫攻坚。

【短对话】 　　1.W: What a wonderful performance! Your rock band has never sounded better. 　　M: Many thanks. I guess all those hours of practice in the past month are finally paying off. 　　Q：What does the man mean? 　　2.M: I can"t decide what to do for my summer vacation. I either want to go on a bike tour of Europe or go diving in Mexico. 　　W: Well, we"re offering an all-inclusive two-week trip to Mexico for only 300 dollars. 　　Q：What does the woman suggest the man do for his vacation? 　　3. W: How long do you think this project might take? 　　M: I"d say about three months, but it could take longer if something unexpected happened. Maybe we"d better allow an extra month, so we won"t have to worry about being late. 　　Q: Why does the man say extra time should be allowed for the project? 　　4. M: I"m thinking about becoming a member here, and I"d like some information. 　　W: Sure. A three-month membership costs 150 dollars, and that includes use of the wait-room, sauna and pool. I"ll give you a free path so that you can try out the facilities before you decide. 　　Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 　　5.W: I"m sorry to hear that you failed the Physics course, Ted. 　　M: Let"s face it. I"m just not cut out to be a scientist. 　　Q: What does the man mean? 　　6.M: Gary insisted on buying the food for the picnic. 　　W: That"s pretty generous of him. But shouldn"t we at least offer to share the expenses? He has a big family to support. 　　Q: What does the woman suggest they do? 　　7.W: Did you see the headlines in the paper this morning? 　　M: Year. Apparently the bus company will be laying off its employees if they can"t reach an agreement on wages by midnight. 　　Q: What did the man read about? 　　8.W: Have we received payment for the overseas order we delivered last month? 　　M: Yes. The cheque came in yesterday afternoon. I"ll be depositing it when I go the bank today. 　　Q: What is the woman concerned about? 【六级听力长对话原文1】 　　W: OK, that"s it. Now we have to make a decision. We might as well do that now, don"t you think? 　　M: Sure, let"s see. First we saw Frank Brisenski. What did you think of him? 　　W: Well, he"s certainly a very polite young man. 　　M: And very relaxed, too. 　　W: But his appearance… 　　M: En… He wasn"t well dressed. He wasn"t even wearing a tie. 　　W: But he did have a nice voice. He sounded good on the telephone. 　　M: True. And I thought he seemed very intelligent. He answered Dona"s questions very well. 　　W: That"s true, but dressing well is important. Well, let"s think about the others. Now what about Barber Jones? She had a nice voice, too. She sounded good on the telephone, and she was well dressed, too. 　　M: En… She did look very neat, very nicely dressed, but… 　　W: But so shy. She wouldn"t be very good at talking to people at the front desk. 　　M: En…OK. Now who was the next? Ar…Yes, David Wallace. I thought he was very good, had a lot of potential. What do you think? 　　W: En… He seemed like a very bright guy. He dressed very nicely, too. And he had a really nice appearance. 　　M: He seemed relaxed to me, the type of person people feel comfortable with right away. 　　W: He was polite, but also very friendly and relaxed as you say. I think he"ll be good with the guests at the front desk. 　　M: He had a very pleasant voice, too. 　　W: That"s right. OK, good! I guess we have our receptionist then, don"t you? 　　M: Yes, I think so. We"ll just offer the job to… 　　Question 9: What are the speakers looking for? 　　Question 10: What is Frank Brisenski"s weakness? 　　Question 11: What do the speakers decide to do? 　　【六级听力长对话原文2】 　　W: Hello. 　　M: Hello. Is that the reference library? 　　W: Yes, can I help you? 　　M: I hope so. I ran earlier and asked for some information about Dennis Hutton, the scientist. You asked me to ring back. 　　W: Oh, yes. I have found something. 　　M: Good. I"ve got a pencil and paper. Perhaps you could read out what it says. 　　W: Certainly. Hutton Dennis, born Darlington, 1836, died New York, 1920. 　　M: Yes, got that. 　　W: Inventer and physicist, the son of a farmworker. He was admitted to the University of London at the age of 15. 　　M: Yes. 　　W: He graduated at 17 with the first class degree in physics and mathematics. All right? 　　M: Yes, all right. 　　W: He made his first notable achievement at the age of 18. It was a method of refrigeration which rolls from his work in low temperature physics. He became professor of mathematics at the University of Manchester at 24, where he remained for twelve years. During that time, he married one of his students, Natasha Willoughby 　　M: Yes, go on. 　　W: Later working together in London, they laid the foundations of modern physics by showing that normal laws of cause and effect do not apply at the level of subatomic particles. For this he and his wife received the Nobel Prize for physics in 1910, and did so again in 1912 for their work on very high frequency radio waves. In his lifetime, Hutton patented 244 inventions. Do you want any more? 　　M: Yes, when did he go to America? 　　W: Let me see. In 1920 he went to teach in New York and died there suddenly after only three weeks. Still he was a good age. 　　M: Yes, I suppose so. Well, thanks. 　　Question 12: What do we learn about Dennis Hutton when he was 15? 　　Question 13: What did Dennis Hutton do at the age of 24? 　　Question 14: For what were Dennis Hutton and his wife awarded the Nobel Prize a second time? 　　Question 15: Why did Dennis Hutton go to New York? 六级短文原文1 　　In America, white tailed deer are more numerous than ever before, so abundant in fact that they"ve become a suburban nuisance and a health hazard. 　　Why can"t the herd be thinned the old-fashioned way? The small community of North Haven on Long Island is home to some six hundred to seven hundred deer. The department of Environmental Conservation estimates the optimum population at 60. The town has been browsed bare of vegetation except where gardens and shrubs are protected by high fences. 　　Drivers routinely collide with deer and there are so many dead bodies left by the side of the road that the town has made it a deal with a local pet cemetery to collect and dispose of the bodies. Some people in the town have become ill from deer transmitted diseases. On the occasions when hunting has been tried, local animal rights people have worked to secure court orders against the hunts. And when that is failed, they stop the hunters, banging on pots and pans to alert the deer. Town meetings called to discuss the problem inevitably dissolved into confrontations. 　　The activists believe simply that the deer are not the problem. Some communities have even discussed the possibility of bringing wolves back into the ecological mix. That means wolves in the suburbs of New York. It is almost too wonderful not to try it. The wolves would kill deer of course. They would also terrorize and kill dogs and cats which is not what the suburban dwellers have in mind. 　　Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard 　　Q16. What do we learn about white-tailed deer in North Haven? 　　Q17. Why do local animal rights people bang on pots and pans? 　　Q18. What would happen if wolves were brought back into the ecological mix? 　　【六级短文2原文】 　　And now, if you"ll walk this way, ladies and gentlemen, the next room we"re going to see is the room in which the family used to hold their formal dinner parties and even occasionally entertain heads of state and royalty. However, they managed to keep this room friendly and intimate. And I think you"ll agree. It has a very informal atmosphere, quite unlike some grand houses you visit. The curtains were never drawn, even at night, so guests got a view of the lake and fountains outside which were lit up at night – a very attractive sight. As you can see, ladies and gentlemen, the guests were seated very informally around this oval table, which would add to the relaxed atmosphere. The table dates from the 18th century and is made from Spanish oak. It"s rather remarkable for the fact that although it"s extremely big, it"s supported by just six rather slim legs. However, it seems to have survived like that for 200 years. So it"s probably going to last a bit longer. The chairs which go with the table are not a complete set. There were originally six of them. They are interesting for the fact that they are very plain and undecorated for the time, with only one plain central panel at the back and no armrests. I myself find them rather uncomfortable to sit in for very long, but people were used to more discomfort in the past. And now, ladies and gentlemen, if you"d like to follow me into the great hall… 　　Q19. What do we learn about the speaker? 　　Q20. What does the speaker say about the room they are visiting? 　　Q21. What is said about the oval table in the room? 　　Q22. What does the speaker say about the chairs? 　　【六级短文3原文】 　　Janet James was 22 years old when she was diagnosed with MS—a disease that attacks the body"s nerves. She has just graduated from college and got a job at an advertising agency when she began to sense that something strange was going on inside her body.When James realized how severe her illness was, she knew she had better hurry up and live life. MS is the biggest cripplerof young adults. And although she didn"t have many symptoms, she knew it was just a matter of time. First on her agenda was to pursue her dream of hosting a pop music programme. She worked at a radio station for a year, always aware that her body was degenerating. Then her best friend moved away. And one night James began screaming, "I got to go! I got to go!" Two weeks later, she arrived at Alaska, thousands of miles from her friends, her family and her past. "Everything fell into a place", she recalls. A 23-year-old girl with an incurable disease can fly to Alaska and everything can work out. The MS attacks came and went. And most of the time they hardly slowed her down. James hiked, fished, learnt to sail and experimented with hot air ballooning. "I lived for adventure", she says. "Nobody ever had a better time or did more exotic strange things than I did in an 80-year period." Inevitably however, the day came when she was so weakened that she had to return to Pittsburgh, her home town. There she began relieving her adventures by writing a book about them. Her book was published in 1993. 　　Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 　　Questions 23 　　What does the speaker say about MS? 　　Questions 24 　　What did Janet James decide to do after her disease was diagnosed? 　　Questions 25 　　What"s sort of person can we infer Janet James is?the ecological mix? 　听力填空原文 　　It"s difficult to estimate the number of youngsters involved in home schooling where children are not sent to school and receive their formal education from one or both parents. Legislation and court decisions have made it legally possible in most states for parents to educate their children at home and each year more people take advantage of that opportunity. 　　Some states require parents or a home tutor to meet teacher certification standards, and many require parents to complete legal forms to verify that their children are receiving instruction in state approved curriculum. 　　Supporters of home education claim that it is less expensive and far more efficient than mass public education. Moreover they site several advantages: alleviation of school overcrowding, strengthen family relationships, lower dropout rates, the facts that students are allowed to learn at their own rate, increased motivation, higher standardized test scores, and reduced discipline problems. 　　Critics of the home schooling movement content that it creates as many problems as it solves. They acknowledge that, in a few cases, home schooling offers educational opportunities superior to those found in most public schools, but few parents can provide such educational advantages. Some parents who withdraw their children from the schools in favor of home schooling have an inadequate educational background and insufficient formal training to provide a satisfactory education for their children. Typically, parents have fewer technological resources at their disposal than do schools. However, the relatively inexpensive computer technology that is readily available today is causing some to challenge the notion that home schooling is in any way inferior to more highly structured classroom education.

1、奢俭之节，必视世之丰约。 Luxury and thrift are bound to be regarded as the richness of the world. 2、水是一切生命的起源点。 Water is the origin of all life. 3、小钱不知省，大钱将滥花。 If you don"t know how to save money, you will spend it too much. 4、积小利，成巨富。 Small?Gains?Bring?Great?Wealth. 5、从俭入奢易，从奢入俭难。 From thrift to luxury is easy, from luxury to frugality is difficult. 6、勤能补拙，省能补贫。 Diligence can make up for stupidity and save energy to make up for poverty. 7、节俭本身就是一个大财源。 Frugality itself is a great source of wealth. 8、静以修身，俭以养德。 Quiet to cultivate oneself, thrifty to cultivate virtue. 9、有钱时摆阔，没钱挨饿。 When you have money, you have no money to go hungry. 10、请动一下手，关好水龙头。 Please move your hand and turn off the tap. 11、节俭本身就是一宗财产。 Thrift is a property in itself. 12、节约莫怠慢，积少成千万。 Save not neglect, save tens of millions. 13、居丰能俭，在富能贫。 Abundance leads to frugality, but wealth leads to poverty. 14、节约水资源，责任人人有。 Everyone has the responsibility to save water resources. 15、今天不节水，明天无泪流。 No water today, no tears tomorrow. 16、一星半星，凑两成斤。 One star and a half stars make up o kilograms. 17、有钱时摆阔，没钱时挨饿。 Wealthy people show off, but poor people starve. 18、节约每滴水，造福全人类。 Save every drop of water for the benefit of all mankind. 19、行船靠掌舵，理家靠节约。 Shipping depends on steering and housekeeping on economy. 20、节约用水，浪费可耻。 Save water and waste shamefully. 21、节省下来多少，就是得到多少。 How much you save is how much you get. 22、家有万石粮，挥堆不长。 There are ten thousand stone grains at home, but they can"t be piled up long. 23、紧紧手，年年有。 Hold your hands tightly, year after year. 24、节约水资源，是我们的责任。 It is our duty to save water resources. 25、零钱凑零钱，到时不费难。 It will be easy to collect change. 26、创业不可不勤，居家不可不俭。 Business must be diligent and household must be thrifty. 27、节约用水就是珍惜生命。 Saving water means cherishing life. 28、细水和流，吃穿不愁。 Fine water and stream, eat and wear without worry. 29、君子以俭德辟难，不可荣以禄。 A gentleman who overes difficulties by virtue of thrift should not be honored or rewarded. 30、勤能生则，俭能聚宝。 Diligence is the rule, thrift is the treasure. 31、小富由俭，大富由天。 A *** all fortune depends on thrift, and a great fortune depends on heaven. 32、增产不节约，金碗也打破。 Increasing production is not economical, and the golden bowl is broken. 33、节约与勤勉是人类两个名医。 Economy and diligence are o famous doctors of mankind. 34、奢侈是民族衰弱的起点。 Luxury is the starting point of national weakness. 35、俭朴是我们美德的可靠卫士。 Frugality is a reliable guardian of our virtues. 36、水是生命之源，请君节约用水。 Water is the source of life. Please save water. 37、节俭是致富的秘诀。 Frugality is the secret to wealth. 38、家有良田万石，也要粗茶淡饭。 Home has good fields and ten thousand stones, but also rough tea and light rice. 39、谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦。 Who knows that Chinese food is hard to eat. 40、含一滴水，还一份真情！ With a drop of water, but also a true love! 41、小处不省钱袋空。 A *** all place saves no money. 42、有荒节约度荒，天荒节约备荒。 There is a shortage of economy to overe the shortage, and natural shortage to save and prepare for the shortage. 43、节俭是你生中食用不完的美筵。 Frugality is a wonderful Feast you can never eat in your life. 44、由俭入奢易，由奢入俭难。 From thrift to luxury is easy, from luxury to frugality is difficult. 45、不当家不知柴米贵。 I don"t know how expensive firewood is. 46、欲求温饱，勤俭为要。 For food and clothing, thrift is essential. 47、水是不可替代的宝贵资源。 Water is an irreplaceable precious resource. 48、钱币是圆的，所以容易滚走。 The coin is round, so it"s easy to roll away. 49、强本而节用，则天不能贫。 If we have a strong capital and use it sparingly, we can never be poor. 50、节用于内，而树德于外。 Section is used inside, but tree virtue is used outside. 51、节约用水，珍爱生命。 Save water and cherish life. 52、侈而惰者贫，而力而俭者富。 Luxury makes the lazy poor, while strength makes the thrifty rich. 53、粮收万石，也要粗茶淡饭。 The harvest of grain is ten thousand stones, but we should also have rough tea and light rice. 54、节约能源，扶贫救济。 Energy conservation and poverty alleviation. 55、好处安身，苦处用钱。 Benefits are fortable and pains are spent. 56、精打细算，油盐不断。 Careful calculation, constant oil and salt. 57、浪费是支出，节约是收入。 Waste is expenditure, saving is ine. 58、细水长流，遇灾不愁。 Thin waters flow long, and you will not worry about disaster. 59、珍惜每滴清水，拥有美好明天。 Cherish every drop of fresh water and have a beautiful tomorrow. 60、浪费用水可耻，节约用水光荣。 Wasting water is shameful and saving water is glorious. 61、黄金本无种，出自勤俭家。 Gold has no seed, but es from a thrifty family. 62、节约就是大收成。 Saving is a big harvest. 63、保护水资源，人人应尽责。 Everyone should do his duty to protect water resources. 64、惜水、爱水、节水，从我做起。 Cherish water, love water and save water. Start with me. 65、一人知俭一家富。 One man is thrifty and one family is rich. 66、勤俭永不穷，坐食山也空。 Diligence and thrift are endless, and the mountain is empty.

The network makes friends the advantage 1,the open field of vision,understood promptly the current event news,gains each kind of newest knowledge and the information; 2nd,may without scruple and the net friend chats,pours out the concern,lightens the schoolwork burden,the alleviation pressure; 3rd,may post in each BBS oneself to each kind of question view and the opinion,thought has the sense of achievement very much; 4th,may enhance oneself some hobby the level; 5th,own begin to make the main page to become the fashion,likes oneself the picture material to pass on,opens a discussion area,sends some cards,with everybody exchange,own makes moderator"s feeling very good really. 6th,makes friends the expenditure in here quite to be cheap,does not need the worry to harass by the ignorant bored person 7,the network makes friends may give vent in heart constraining,may periphery not look others complexion,may break oneself lives the small group,may with the net on the will person of same belief and the friend talks the day to say,may place oneself oneself in an unreal happy environment! The network makes friends on a fault/network the swindler are many. On two/nets deceives easily. On three/nets deceives the human easy to succeed in evading responsibility. Four/excessively relied on human its thought which the net falls makes friends already not to be normal. Five/relies in the net to make friends can cause own psychological question,must look at psychological doctor promptly. The subtotal network and the reality are the completely different two worlds,does not dare the speech in the reality which said,said embarrassedly the speech,definitely may speak freely in the unreal network world.However the network is a network after all,makes friends on-line,chats only treats as the spiritual the relaxation with to pour out,cuts cannot all believe.The network is the modern society essential one kind of tool,one kind of mood,we must use,we must cautious use!

共60题，每题1分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意 1、最典型的间接金融机构是（　　）。 A．证券公司 B．商业银行 C．投资银行 D．保险公司 2、弗里德曼等经济学家针对通货膨胀治理而提出的收入指数化政策，是指将工资、利息等各种名义收入自动随物价指数升降而升降。这种政策（　　）。 A．加重通货膨胀给收入阶层带来的损失，且不能消除通货膨胀 B．减轻通货膨胀给收入阶层带来的损失，但不能消除通货膨胀 C．加重通货膨胀给收入阶层带来的损失，但能消除通货膨胀 D．减轻通货膨胀给收入阶层带来的损失，并能消除通货膨胀 3、根据《信托公司集合资金信托计划管理办法》规定，委托人可以是投资一个信托计划的最低金额不少于（　　）人民币的自然人、法人或者依法成立的其他组织。 A．50万元 B．100万元 C．200万元 D．300万元 4、商业银行资产的流动性是指商业银行资产能够迅速变现的能力，其迅速变现的条件是资产（　　）。 A．略有增值 B．不受损失 C．有损失 D．较大增值 5、我国《证券投资基金法》规定，封闭式基金的存续期应在（　　）以上。 A．3年 B．5年 C．10年 D．15年 6、分割市场理论可以解释的是（　　）。 A．收益率曲线通常向上倾斜 B．不同到期期限的债券倾向于同向运动的原因 C．短期利率水平的变化会对短期债券和长期债券的供求产生什么影响 D．短期利率较低时，收益率曲线倾向于向上倾斜 7、在1999年以来我国投资银行业的规范发展阶段，中国证券监督管理委员会通过综合治理，确立和完善了以（　　）为核心的风险监控和预警制度。 A．净资产 B．净资本 C．总资产 D．总资本 8、信托公司的筹建期为批准决定之日起（　　）。 A．1个月 B．3个月 C．6个月 D．12个月 9、根据《商业银行风险监管核心指标》，我国商业银行的不良贷款率，即不良贷款与贷款总额之比不得超过（　　）。 A．5% B．8% C．10% D．15% 10、证券监管机构只对申报材料进行“形式审查”的股票发行审核制度类型是（　　）。 A．审批制 B．核准制 C．注册制 D．登记制 11、在货币均衡分析中，用来描述在货币市场均衡状态下收入和利率之间相互关系的曲线是（　　）。 A．BP曲线 B．J曲线 C．IS曲线 D．1M曲线 12、以人民币为面值、以外币为认购和交易币种、在上海和深圳证券交易所上市交易的普通股票称为（　　）。 A．H股 B．A股 C．B股 D．F股 13、凯恩斯认为，由交易动机和预防动机引起的货币需求主要取决于（　　）。 A．利率 B．收入 C．资本边际效率 D．劳动边际效率 14、如果从事衍生品交易是为了减少未来的不确定性，降低甚至消除风险，则该交易主体属于（　　）。 A．套期保值者 B．套利者 C．投机者 D．经纪人 15、作为交易中介，以促成交易、收取佣金为目的的交易主体属于（　　）。 A．套期保值者 B．套利者 C．投机者 D．经纪人 16、在通货膨胀时期，中央银行可以采取的办法是（　　）。 A．降低再贴现率 B．降低法定存款准备金率 C．提高法定存款准备金率 D．降低利率 17、下列支出中，属于购买性支出的是（　　）。 A．政府投资、行政事业费 B．福利支出、行政事业费 C．福利支出、财政补贴 D．政府投资、财政补贴 18、中央银行货币政策的首要目标一般是（　　）。 A．稳定物价 B．充分就业 C．经济增长 D．国际收支平衡 19、在信用经纪业务中，投资银行不仅是传统的中介机构，而且还承担着（　　）的角色。 A．债务人与抵押权人 B．债权人与抵押权人 C．债务人与发行人 D．债权人与发行人 20、目前没有资本金的中央银行是（　　）。 A．瑞士银行 B．法兰西银行 C．英格兰银行 D．韩国中央银行21、我国证券交易所的组织形式是（　　）。 A．公司制 B．俱乐部制 C．会员制 D．委员会制 22、金融中介有专门的信息处理能力，具有信息搜寻和核实优势，可以有效解决信息生产中的可信度，这体现了金融中介的（　　）职能。 A．促进资金融通 B．降低交易成本 C．减少信息成本 D．转移和管理风险 23、某股票的每股预期股息收入为每年4元，如果市场年利率为5%，则该股票的每股市场价格应为（　　）元。 A．40 B．60 C．80 D．90 24、（　　）适用于打算在未来融资的公司，以及打算在未来某一时间出售已持有债券的投资者。 A．基于远期利率协议的套期保值 B．基于远期外汇合约的套期保值 C．基于远期股票的套期保值 D．基于互换交易的套期保值 25、我国某企业在海外承建了某项目，但因海外爆发政府与反政府武装的冲突而不得不中断项目建设，并撤出人员，项目工地被洗劫，这种情形属于该企业的（　　）。 A．市场风险 B．信用风险 C．国家风险 D．操作风险 26、在下列法律关系中，属于保险行政法律规范的是（　　）。 A．保险公司与投保人之间的权利义务法律关系 B．被保险人与受益人之间的权利义务法律关系 C．保险公司与保险代理人之间的权利义务法律关系 D．保险监管机构与保险人之间的法律规范关系 27、根据《融资租赁企业监督管理办法》的规定，由（　　）对根据有关规定从事融资租赁业务的企业实施监督管理。 A．银监会 B．财政部 C．商务部 D．中央银行 28、根据IS—1M曲线，在IS曲线上的任何一点，都表示（　　）处于均衡状态。 A．货币市场 B．资本市场 C．商品市场 D．外汇市场 29、在法律、法规规定的范围内，小额贷款公司从银行业金融机构获得融入资金的余额，不得超过其资本净额的（　　）。 A．8% B．20% C．30% D．50% 30、在以外币结算的对外贸易中，如果外币对本币升值，进口商会多支付本币，这种风险称为（　　）。 A．交易风险 B．折算风险 C．经济风险 D．投资风险31、中央银行作为商业银行与其他金融机构的最后贷款人，履行的职责是（　）。 A．适时适度发行货币 B．集中保管存款准备金 C．管理境内金融市场 D．对政府融通资金 32、银行为了通过风险转移来管理操作风险，可以采取的机制和手段是（　　）。 A．对职员定期轮岗 B．保证信息系统的安全 C．业务外包 D．优化管理流程 33、一国之所以要对国际收支逆差进行调节，是因为国际收支逆差会导致（　　）。 A．国内需求膨胀 B．通货紧缩 C．国内通货膨胀率高于国外 D．通货膨胀 34、通货膨胀实质是一种货币现象，表现为商品和生产要素价格总水平在一定时期内（　　）。 A．持续下降 B．持续上升 C．间歇性下降 D．间歇性上升 35、资本资产定价模型(CAPM)中的贝塔系数测度的是（　　）。 A．利率风险 B．通货膨胀风险 C．非系统性风险 D．系统性风险 36、首次公开发行股票采用询价方式的，发行股票数量在4亿股(含)以下的，有效报价投资者的数量不少于（　　）家。 A．30 B．40 C．10 D．20 37、投资银行证券经纪业务的资金账户中，允许客户使用经纪人或银行的贷款购买证券的账户是（　　）。 A．现金账户 B．保证金账户 C．结算账户 D．证券账户 38、在实践中，租赁服务中最主要的是（　　）。 A．经营租赁 B．融资租赁 C．长期租赁 D．短期租赁 39、目前大多数国家中央银行的资本结构都是（　　）。 A．国有形式 B．无资本金形式 C．多国共有形式 D．混合所有形式 40、如果证券价格完全反映所有信息，包括私人信息和内幕信息，该市场属于（　　）。 A．弱式有效市场 B．半强式有效市场 C．强式有效市场 D．任何有效市场41、 “4R”营销组合策略的特点是（　　）。 A．以竞争为导向 B．以产品为导向 C．以价格为导向 D．以渠道为导向 42、商业银行作为金融中介机构，其经营对象是（　　）。 A．货币和信用 B．控制与管理 C．财务与管理 D．控制和风险 43、通货紧缩是指商品和劳务的（　　）。 A．价格普遍持续上涨 B．价格普遍持续下降 C．贷款持续增加 D．贷款持续减少 44、证券公司股东的非货币财产出资总额不得超过证券公司注册资本的（　　）。 A．10% B．20% C．30% D．50% 45、金融中介通过一定的技术手段和设计流程，为客户之间完成货币收付或清偿因交易引起的债权债务关系提供服务，实现货币资金转移，体现了金融中介的（　　）职能。 A．促进资金融通 B．便利支付结算 C．降低交易成本 D．减少信息成本 46、货币乘数的计算公式为（　　）。 A．货币乘数=存款总额/原始存款额 B．货币乘数=派生存款总额/原始存款额 C．货币乘数=货币供给量/基础货币 D．货币乘数=货币流通量/存款准备金 47、在金融宏观调控机制的构成要素中，变换中介是（　　）。 A．商业银行 B．中央银行 C．企业 D．居民 48、下列属于商业银行营业外支出的是（　　）。 A．固定资产盘盈 B．罚没收入 C．教育费附加返还款 D．赔偿金 49、本币贬值以后，以外币计价的出口商品与劳务的价格下降，以本币计价的进口商品与劳务的价格上涨，从而（　　）。 A．刺激出口和进口，减少经常项目逆差 B．限制出口和进口，增加经常项目逆差 C．刺激出口，限制进口，减少经常项目逆差 D．限制出口，刺激进口，增加经常项目顺差 50、在证券二级市场上，客户卖出向投资银行借来的证券，此时投资银行向客户提供的是（　　）。 A．买空的融资业务 B．卖空的融券业务 C．卖空的融资业务 D．买空的融券业务51、风险价值法(VaR法)主要用于（　　）的评估。 A．信用风险 B．市场风险 C．汇率风险 D．投资风险 52、世界银行集团由世界银行、国际开发协会和国际金融公司组成，向成员国提供金融服务和技术援助，本质上属于（　　）。 A．金融监管机构 B．契约性金融机构 C．-存款性金融机构 D．开发性金融机构 53、由于不同国家的经济部门结构的某些特点，当一些产业和部门在需求方面或成本方面发生变动时，往往会通过部门之间的相互看齐过程而影响到其他部门，由此引发的通货膨胀属于（　　）导致的通货膨胀。 A．需求拉上 B．成本推进 C．经济结构变化 D．供求混合作用 54、同业存单业务中，发行人主体是（　　）。 A．商业银行 B．中央银行 C．政策性银行 D．基金管理公司 55、美式看跌期权价值的合理范围是（　　）。 56、（　　）是指金融借助互联网和移动通信技术实现资金融通、支付和信息中介功能的新型金融模式。 A．社区银行 B．ATM机 C．互联网金融 D．电话自助银行 57、以下不属于市场准入监管的是（　　）。 A．审批资本充足率 B．审批注册机构 C．审批注册资本 D．审批高级管理人员任职资格 58、在资产定价模型中用来测度不可消除系统性风险的是（　　）。 A．阿尔法系数 B．贝塔系数 C．资产收益率 D．到期收益率 59、弗里德曼的货币需求函数是（　　）。 60、货币政策的制定者和执行者是（　　）。 A．中央政府 B．商业银行 C．财政部 D．中央银行共20题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，有2个或2个以上符合题意，至少有1个错项。错选，本题不得分；少选，所选的每个选项得0.5分 61、流动性溢价理论和期限优先理论可以解释下列事实（　　）。 A．通常收益率曲线是向上倾斜的 B．通常收益率曲线是向下倾斜的 C．随着时间的推移，不同到期期限的债券利率表现出同向运动的趋势 D．如果短期利率较低，收益率曲线很可能是陡峭的向上倾斜的形状 E．如果短期利率较高，收益率曲线很可能是翻转的 62、以下关于我国交易所债券市场的表述中，错误的是（　　）。 A．中央国债登记结算有限公司与交易所投资者有直接的权责关系 B．交易所市场是由各类机构投资者参与的大宗交易市场 C．交易所交易结算由中国证券登记结算公司负责 D．上市商业银行准许进入交易所债券市场 E．交易所市场二级托管人是承办银行 63、在弗里德曼的货币需求函数中，与货币需求成反比的因素有（　　）。 A．定期存单的收益率 B．股票的收益率 C．恒久性收入 D．债券的收益率 E．人力资本比重 64、根据中国人民银行规定的计息规则，在我国，按单利计息的是（　　）。 A．定期存款 B．定活两便 C．零存整取 D．活期储蓄存款 E．整存整取 65、以下关于我国商业银行柜台债券市场的表述中，正确的是（　　）。 A．商业银行柜台市场是银行间市场的延伸，属于批发市场 B．一级托管人为中央国债登记结算有限公司，负责为承办银行开立债券自营账户和代理总账户 C．承办银行日终需将余额变动数据传给中央国债登记结算有限公司 D．中央国债登记结算有限公司为柜台投资人提供余额查询服务，成为保护投资者权益的重要途径 E．中央国债登记结算有限公司与柜台投资者没有直接的权责关系 66、恶性通货膨胀表现为物价上升猛烈，使货币部分甚至完全丧失了（　　）。 A．交易媒介功能 B．使用价值 C．价值贮藏功能 D．价值尺度功能 E．价格标准功能 67、 2005年7月21日，我国启动了人民币汇率形成机制的改革，改革后形成的人民币汇率制度的特征是（　　）。 A．以市场供求为基础 B．实行银行结售汇制 C．参考一篮子货币进行调节 D．建立银行间外汇市场 E．有管理的浮动汇率制度 68、下列属于一般性货币政策工具的有（　　）。 A．存款准备金政策 B．再贴现政策 C．公开市场操作 D．贷款限额 E．证券市场信用控制 69、根据信息对证券市场的反映程度，可将证券市场的信息分为（　　）。 A．历史信息 B．有效信息 C．已公开信息 D．所有信息 E．无用信息 70、影响期权价值的因素包括（　　）。 A．到期期限 B．市场利率 C．执行价格 D．标的资产价格 E．标的资产的波动率71、下列风险管理方法中，属于汇率风险管理的方法是（　　）。 A．进行远期外汇交易 B．做利率衍生品交易 C．做货币衍生品交易 D．缺口管理 E．选择有利的货币 72、一般来说，各国进行外汇管理的目的包括（　　）。 A．增加外汇储备 B．促进国际收支平衡或改善国际收支状况 C．增强商品的国内竞争力 D．稳定本币汇率，控制涉外经济活动中的汇率风险 E．防止资本外逃或大规模投机性资本冲击，维护金融市场的稳定和金融安全 73、弗里德曼把影响货币需求量的诸因素划分为（　　）。 A．各种金融资产 B．各种有价证券 C．各种资产预期收益率和机会成本 D．各种随机变量 E．恒常收入与财富结构 74、公开市场业务的缺点是（　　）。 A．主动权在央行 B．时滞较长 C．从政策实施到影响最终目标，时滞较短 D．不如存款准备金调整灵活 E．干扰其实施效果的因素多 75、货币市场是交易期限在1年以内的进行资金融通与借贷的交易市场，包括（　　）。 A．同业拆借市场 B．回购协议市场 C．票据市场 D．债券市场 E．大额可转让定期存单市场 76、欧洲货币市场的特点有（　　）。 A．欧洲货币市场的交易中介是世界银行 B．欧洲货币市场的交易客体是欧洲货币 C．欧洲货币市场的交易主体主要是市场所在地的非居民 D．欧洲货币市场的交易主体主要是市场所在地的居民 E．欧洲货币市场的交易中介是欧洲银行 77、狭义货币供应量，一般称为货币，即（　　）。 A．居民储蓄存款 B．单位活期存款 C．流通中现金 D．单位定期存款 E．商业票据 78、下列属于选择性的货币政策工具的有（　　）。 A．证券市场信用控制 B．消费者信用控制 C．不动产信用控制 D．优惠利率 E．道义劝告 79、存款创造倍数的假设是（　　）。 A．部分准备金制度 B．全额准备金制度 C．现金结算制度 D．非全额现金结算制度 E．分业监管制度 80、扩张型货币政策措施包括（　　）。 A．降低法定存款准备金率 B．提高再贴现率 C．降低再贴现率 D．在公开市场上卖出有价证券 E．扩大贷款规模共20题，每题2分。由单选和多选组成。错选，本题不得分；少选，所选的每个选项得0.5分 81、根据以下材料回答81-100问题。 某公司是专业生产芯片的厂商，已在美国纳斯达克市场上市。当前该公司的β系数为1.5，纳斯达克的市场组合收益率为8%，美国国债的利率是2%。 当前市场条件下美国纳斯达克市场的风险溢价是（　　）。 A．3% B．5% C．6% D．9% 82、该公司股票的风险溢价是（　　）。 A．6% B．9% C．10% D．12% 83、通过CAPM模型测得的该公司股票的预期收益率是（　　）。 A．3% B．6% C．9% D．11% 84、资本资产定价理论认为，不可能通过资产组合来降低或消除的风险是（　　）。 A．特有风险 B．宏观经济形势引致的风险 C．非系统性风险 D．政治因素引致的风险 85、请根据以上资料回答下列85-104问题： 假设英镑和美元汇率为1英镑-1.5美元。甲公司想借入5年期的1000万英镑借款，乙公司想借入5年期的1500万美元借款。市场向它们提供的固定利率如表所示： 通过货币互换之后，甲公司最终的融资成本为（　　）。 A．8.80% B．10.00% C．10.8% D．11.2% 86、通过货币互换之后，乙公司最终的融资成本为（　　）。 A．8.80% B．9.2% C．10.8% D．11.2% 87、通过货币互换之后，乙公司可以节约的成本为（　　）。 A．8.80% B．9.2% C．1.8% D．0.8% 88、买卖双方将一种货币的本金和固定利息与另一货币的等价本金和固定利息进行交换的协议是（　　）。 A．货币互换 B．利率互换 C．期货互换 D．期权互换 89、请根据以下资料回答89-108问题： 2004年1月某企业发行一种票面利率为6%，每年付息一次，期限3年，面值100元的债券。假设2004年1月至今的市场利率是4%。2007年1月，该企业决定永久延续该债券期限，即实际上实施了债转股，假设此时该企业的每股税后盈利是0.20元，该企业债转股后的股票市价是10元。 2005年1月，该债券的购买价应是（　　）元。 A．90.2 B．103.8 C．105.2 D．107.4 90、在债券发行时如果市场利率高于债券票面利率，则（　　）。 A．债券的购买价高于面值 B．债券的购买价低于面值 C．按面值出售时投资者对该债券的需求减少 D．按面值出售时投资者对该债券的需求增加 91、债转股后的股票静态定价是（　　）元。 A．3 B．5 C．8 D．4 92、按照2007年1月的市场状况，该股票的市盈率是（　　）倍。 A．10 B．24 C．30 D．50 93、请根据以下资料回答93-112问题： 20世纪80年代以来，国际金融市场最重要的创新便是金融衍生品市场的发展。最早出现的是简单的衍生品，如远期、期货、期权、互换等，随后出现了多种复杂产品。20世纪90年代信用衍生品的出现，将金融衍生品市场的发展推向新的阶段。在2007年爆发的美国次贷危机中，信用衍生品如信用违约掉期(CDS)的无序发展对危机的蔓延和恶化起到了推波助澜的作用，其负面效应也开始被意识到。为此，各国政府正在探索更有力的监管措施，以促进金融衍生品市场更平稳、有效运行。 金融衍生品区别于传统金融工具的特征是（　　）。 A．杠杆比率高 B．主要用于套期保值 C．高风险性 D．全球化程度高 94、固定利率支付与浮动利率支付设定上限的互换指的是（　　）。 A．普通互换 B．远期互换 C．利率上限互换 D．股权互换 95、信用违约掉期作为最常用的信用衍生品，当约定的信用事件发生时，导致的结果是（　　）。 A．由卖方向买方赔偿，金额相当于合约中基础资产面值 B．由买方向卖方赔偿，金额相当于合约中基础资产面值 C．由卖方向买方赔偿因信用事件所导致的基础资产面值的损失部分 D．由买方向卖方赔偿因信用事件所导致的基础资产面值的损失部分 96、信用违约掉期市场在美国次贷危机中暴露出来的缺陷有（　　）。 A．同时在交易所和柜台进行交易 B．缺乏监管 C．市场操作不透明 D．没有统一的清算报价系统 97、请根据以上资料回答下列97-116问题： 甲机构在交易市场上按照每份10元的价格，向乙机构出售100万份证券。同时双方约定在一段时期后甲方按每份11元的价格，回购这100万份证券。 这种证券回购交易属于（　　）。 A．货币市场 B．票据市场 C．资本市场 D．股票市场 98、这种回购交易实际上是一种（　　）行为。 A．质押融资 B．抵押融资 C．信用借款 D．证券交易 99、我国回购交易有关期限规定不能超过（　　）。 A．1个月 B．3个月 C．6个月 D．12个月 100、甲机构卖出证券的价格与回购证券的价格存在着一定的差额，这种差额实际上就是（　　）。 A．证券的收益 B．手续费 C．企业利润 D．借款利息

I love you forever, Chan.

淘汰翻译成英文有几种说法,具体看您是想用在那方面再来翻译会比较贴切. 如大家已经提过的eliminate 是其中一个.其他还有obsolete,及time to get rid off还有put out等等比较口语(哩语)化的说法.以下为各用词的一些双语例句： eliminate 意思： 排除,消除； 淘汰； 除掉 双语例句：1.Their elimination from the competition was a great surprise. 他们在比赛中遭到淘汰是个很大的意外.2.He was eliminated in the first round of voting.x09 他在第一轮投票中被淘汰.obsolete 意思：淘汰； 废弃 双语例句：With technological changes many traditional skills have become obsolete. 随着技术的革新,许多传统技艺已被淘汰.Put out 意思：淘汰； 毁灭 双语例句：It"s about time this old sewing machine was put out to pasture. 这部旧缝纫机大概到了被淘汰的时候了.Time to get rid off 意思：是时候该淘汰； 毁灭；废弃；摆脱；处理掉 双语例句：It"s time to get rid off this old sewing machine. 是时候该淘汰这部旧缝纫机了.

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是的，out含有：出局、淘汰的意思。重点词汇：out英［au028at］释义：adv.出现；向外；在室外；出狱；遥远地；出海；退潮；指离球门线或终点线的距离；在公共娱乐场所；公开；出声地；殆尽；直至完成；完全；熄灭；除去；出局prep.从……里面出去，离开adj.熄灭的；盛开的；面市的；出局的；不能被接受的；过时的；不准确的；打算做……的；被公开的v.击倒，击晕；揭露（某人）是同性恋；熄灭；驱逐；拒绝；解除n.出路，脱身办法；（棒球）使球员出局的办法；在野党短语：Out of Africa走出非洲；远离非洲；非洲之旅；走出非洲专辑扩展资料：词语辨析：out of，outside1、这两个介词都可表示“在…外面”。outside仅表示“在某一位置或处所之外”；out of往往强调由于外向的动作而产生的结果或者在某一区域或范围之外。2、这两个介词还均可表示动作的方向，outside往往表示超出某一地域、范围或限度的运动；out of则指由内向外的运动。

可以这样表达。pass的本意是通过，及格的意思，并没有被淘汰的意思。被淘汰的意思主要是衍生而来，由他人语境造成。例如：面试或者考核到时候他人对你说，你被pass了，就是淘汰的意思。其他语境都没有这个意思。 pass的用法 pass作“通过,经过,穿过”解时,可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。用作不及物动词时常和副词搭配使用; 用作及物动词时接名词或代词作宾语。 pass作“传递”解时,可接双宾语,其间接宾语可转化为介词to的宾语。 pass作“度过,消磨”解时是及物动词,宾语多为表示时间的词语。 pass还可作“通道,山口”解,指连绵的山岭中中间较低处,多为通道经过的地方。 pass有多种意思：可表示“穿过”或“渡过”，如pass an ocean（渡洋），pass a desert（穿过沙漠）。 pass也可表示“从……旁边经过”，如pass a city（路过一个城市），pass a street（从一条街边经过）。另外，pass可表示“死亡”的时候，如pass away（去世）。 pass的例句 Every student in the class is capable of passing the exam. 班上每个同学都有能力通过这次考试。 If you want to pass your exams you"d better change your attitude! 你若想通过考试就最好改变你的态度！ The school has a 90% pass rate. 该校学生的及格率为90%。

印象笔记是一个笔记工具。2020年3月23日，印象笔记与腾讯教育应用平台宣布达成战略合作，作为战略合作的首个重要产品，印象笔记将推出“印象笔记教育版”APP，并独家嵌入腾讯教育应用平台，服务更广泛用户的核心使用场景。同时，在“印象笔记教育版”基础上，印象笔记此次还将推出“标准教育帐户”。保护准则：1、数据是用户的：所有存到印象笔记(Evernote)的内容，它的版权和所有权都属于你。2、数据是受保护的：未经你的允许，我们没有任何权利查看，分享，使用，和分析你的数据。3、数据是可转移的：你可以随时随地把全部数据迁移出去，不受任何限制。印象笔记(Evernote)一贯以高度尊重用户隐私为基本准则，所以，印象笔记在中国也会在遵守当地的法律前提下，保持以上的全球服务数据保护准则。

Love you and miss you forever!

上海庄园位于嘉定外冈镇，是路劲集团在嘉定的又一个项目。该项目是由别墅和洋房两种业态组成的低密度社区。项目优势：1.项目周边为嘉定大型的生态公园，包括北郊湿地公园、汇龙潭公园等公园，空气清新，生态宜居。2.项目密度低，居住品质较高，价格很具有竞争力，适合预算有限的刚需客群。项目劣势：1.离地铁站较远，公共出行不是特别方便，主要靠自驾。2.项目周边配套不算完善，享受的是外冈镇的配套，能基本满足生活需求。但是离大型购物商场，休闲娱乐会所较远。总体来说，该项目是一个性价比较高的的楼盘，适合预算有限且在嘉定区域上班的刚需客群。