tt白-
* 回复内容中包含的链接未经审核，可能存在风险，暂不予完整展示！这个网站有很多关于俄罗斯的东西
http://www.r****.com/
你看这篇行不行
Art in Russia
Explore the expressions of Russian Art
Art has been an integral part of Russian history for centuries. To many visitors, the older artworks especially might seem somewhat confusing – an array of rich colours draped across a canvas in a somewhat stylistic manner. For those who have an eye for art and understand how it has influenced culture and believes, these idealistic representations left behind by artists for all to see is something a lot more special. But what sort of art can you expect to see on your travels? There is quite a stunning variety.
The tradition of painting icons was carried over from Byzantium influence in the early 8th and 9th century. After some time, the correctness of using religious images in worship came into question and the tradition of icon painting started to change. It went from being striking to being more subtle. Softer colors were used and a greater degree of subjectivity was introduced. A few excellent examples of this most ancient form of religious art can still be seen in some of the great art galleries and Museums of Russia.
The Stalin baroque period became quite notable. This return to older traditions and stylizations resulted in some truly exquisite masterpieces even though artistic talent could be considered to be somewhat stifled under such rigid rules.
The 17th and 18th centuries saw Russian artists becoming more familiar with western painting techniques. The resulting development of new artistic styles went somewhat hand-in-hand with the social reform that was prevalent at the time. It marked a break away from classical traditions. The style embraced daily Russian life and tried to renew interest in traditional Russian art forms. The abstract geometrical patterns, lines, shapes and colors were inspired by traditional decorative art. The examination of icons resulted in paintings lacking somewhat in visual depth and perspective. Slowly the subject matter turned from the more mundane to the industrial revolution that was beginning to take place in that country. This was the beginning of the Suprematism movement. In this movement, bold geometric shapes were employed to create visual masterpieces.
It wasn"t long before a Russian Avant-Garde scene began to emerge. However the greatness of this movement was soon overpowered when the Stalinist state renounced the art style in favor of Soviet Realism. However many artworks from this period still exist and have finally started to receive the attention due to them in more recent years.
Clearly, art has been an integral part of Russian life – depicting schools of thought, reflecting religious and political ideals and serving as a medium of expression. If you plan to see some of these masterpieces while visiting the country, it is a good idea to get a basic grasp on the event surrounding these movements as this will allow you to get more enjoyment from your experience.
马老四-
The History of Russia
The history of Russia is a long and complex story. It all begins with that of the East Slavs, the racial group that eventually split into the Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians. The first East Slavic state, Kievan Rus, adopted Christianity from the Byzantine Empire in the 10th century, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next seven centuries. Kievan Rus ultimately collapsed as a state, leaving a number of states challenging for claims to be the heirs to its civilization and dominant position. After the 13th century, Muscovy gradually came to rule the former cultural center. In the 18th century, the principality of Muscovy had become the huge Russian Empire, stretching from Poland eastward to the Pacific Ocean. Development in the western direction sharpened Russia"s alertness of its backwardness and devastated the isolation in which the initial stages of development had occurred. Consecutive establishments of the 19th century reacted to such pressures with a mixture of halfhearted improvement and domination. Russian serfdom was abolished in 1861, but its elimination was achieved on terms unfavorable to the peasants and served to increase revolutionary pressures. Between the elimination of serfdom and beginning of World War I in 1914, the Stolypin reforms, the constitution of 1906 and State Duma introduced notable changes in economy and politics of Russia, but the tsars were still not willing to yield autocratic rule.
Military defeat and food shortages triggered the Russian Revolution in 1917, bringing the Communist Bolsheviks to power. Between 1922 and 1991, the history of Russia is essentially the history of the Soviet Union, efficiently an ideologically based territory which was roughly coterminous with the Russian Empire, whose last monarch, Tsar Nicholas II, ruled until 1917. From its first years, regime in the Soviet Union was based on the one-party rule of the communists, as the Bolsheviks called themselves beginning in March 1918. However, by the late 1980s, with the weaknesses of its economic and political structures becoming acute, noteworthy changes in the economy and the party leaderships spelled the end of the Soviet Union.
The history of the Russian Federation is brief, dating back only to the collapse of the Soviet Union in late 1991. But Russia has existed as a state for over a thousand years, and during most of the 20th century Russia was the core of the Soviet Union. Since gaining its independence, Russia claimed to be the legal heir to Soviet Union on the international stage. However, Russia lost its superpower status as it faced serious challenges in its efforts to forge a new post-Soviet political and economic system. Scrapping the socialist central planning and state ownership of property of the Soviet era, Russia attempted to build an economy with elements of market capitalism, with often painful results. Russia today shares many continuities of political culture and social structure with its tsarist and Soviet past. The question of how well Russia"s fragile democratic and federal institutions will fare in the meantime is in doubt, with recent signs of the presidency increasing its already tight control over parliament, regional officeholders, and civil society.
wio-
地理和气候
Geography and climate
The Russian Federation stretches across much of the north of the supercontinent of Eurasia. Although it contains a large share of the world"s Arctic and sub-Arctic areas, and therefore has less population, economic activity, and physical variety per unit area than most countries, the great area south of these still accommodates a great variety of landscapes and climates. Most of Russia is in zones of a continental and Arctic climate. Russia is the coldest country in the world. The mid-annual temperature is u22125.5°C (22°F). For comparison, the mid-annual temperature in Iceland is 1.2°C (34°F) and in Sweden is 4°C (39°F), although the variety of climates within Russia makes such comparison somewhat misleading.
Most of the land consists of vast plains, both in the European part and the Asian part that is largely known as Siberia. These plains are predominantly steppe to the south and heavily forested to the north, with tundra along the northern coast. The permafrost (areas of Siberia and the Far East) occupies more than half of territory of Russia. Mountain ranges are found along the southern borders, such as the Caucasus (containing Mount Elbrus, Russia"s and Europe"s highest point at 5,633 m / 17,605 ft) and the Altai, and in the eastern parts, such as the Verkhoyansk Range or the volcanoes on Kamchatka. The more central Ural Mountains, a north-south range that form the primary divide between Europe and Asia, are also notable.
Russia has an extensive coastline of over 37,000 kilometres (23,000 mi) along the Arctic and Pacific Oceans, as well as more or less inland seas such as the Baltic, Black and Caspian seas. Some smaller bodies of water are part of the open oceans; the Barents Sea, White Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea and East Siberian Sea are part of the Arctic, whereas the Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan belong to the Pacific Ocean.
Major islands found in them include Novaya Zemlya, the Franz Josef Land, the New Siberian Islands, Wrangel Island, the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin.
Many rivers flow across Russia.
Major lakes include Lake Baikal, Lake Ladoga and Lake Onega.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia
菜肴
Russian cuisine
This article is part
of the Cuisine series
Preparation techniques and cooking items
Techniques - Utensils
Weights and measures
Ingredients and types of food
Spices and Herbs
Sauces - Soups - Desserts
Cheese - Pasta - Bread
Other ingredients
Regional cuisines
Asia - Europe - Caribbean
South Asian - Latin America
Mideast - North America - Africa
Other cuisines...
See also:
Famous chefs - Kitchens - Meals
Wikibooks: Cookbook
Russian cuisine derives its rich and varied character from the vast and multicultural expanse of Russia. Its foundations were laid by the peasant food of the rural population in an often harsh climate, with a combination of plentiful fish, poultry, game, mushrooms, berries, and honey. Crops of rye, wheat, barley, and millet provided the ingredients for a plethora of breads, pancakes, cereals, kvass, beer, and vodka. Flavorful soups and stews centered on seasonal or storable produce, fish, and meats. These wholly native foods, along with the spices and techniques used for grilling meat and making sour clotted milk brought by the Mongols and Tatars of the thirteenth century, remained the staples for the vast majority of Russians well into the 20th century. Lying on the northern reaches of the ancient Silk Road, as well as Russia"s close proximity to the Caucasus, Persia, and the Ottoman Empire has provided an inescapable Eastern character to its cooking methods.
Russia"s great expansions of territory, influence, and interest during the 16th-18th centuries brought more refined foods and culinary techniques. It was during this period that smoked meats and fish, pastry cooking, salads and green vegetables, chocolate, ice cream, wines, and liquor were imported from abroad. At least for the urban aristocracy and provincial gentry, this opened the doors for the creative integration of these new foodstuffs with traditional Russian dishes. The result is extremely varied in technique, seasoning, and combination.
From the time of Catherine the Great, every family of influence imported both the products and personnel - mainly German, Austrian, and French - to bring the finest, rarest, and most creative foods to their table. This is nowhere more evident than in the exciting, elegant, highly nuanced, and decadent repertoire of the Franco-Russian chef. Many of the foods that are considered in the West to be traditionally Russian actually come from the Franco-Russian cuisine of the 18th and 19th centuries and include such widespread dishes as Veal Orloff, Beef Stroganoff, and Sharlotka (Charlotte Russe).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_cuisine
建筑
Russian architecture
Medieval Rus" (988–1230)
The medieval state of Kievan Rus" incorporated parts of what is now Ukraine and was centered around Kiev. Its influence on architectural tradition extended to the modern states of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine. The status of Kievan Rus" as a precursor state to Russia is a somewhat politically charged issue after the fall of Soviet Union and the independence of Ukraine and Belarus.
Although, not strictly "Russian" in the modern sense, as Kievan Rus" (or Ancient Rus") was the common predecessor of the Russians Ukrainians and Byelorussians, the great churches of Kievan Rus", built after the adoption of Christianity in 988, were the first examples of monumental architecture in the East Slavic lands. The architectural style of the Kievan state which quickly established itself was strongly influenced by the Byzantine. Early Eastern Orthodox churches were mainly made of wood with the simplest form of church becoming known as a cell church. Major cathedrals often featured scores of small domes, which led some art historians to take this as an indication of what the pagan Slavic temples should have looked like.
The city of Novgorod boasts the largest number of pre-Mongolian churches.
Enlarge
The city of Novgorod boasts the largest number of pre-Mongolian churches.
The tenth-century Church of the Tithes was the first prominent building to be made of stone, located in Kiev, Ukraine. The earliest Kievan churches were built and decorated with frescoes and mosaics by Byzantine masters. A great example of an early church of Kievan Rus" was the thirteen-domed Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev (1037-54), but much of its exterior has been altered with time. Saint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod (1044-52), on the other hand, expressed a new style that exerted a strong influence on Russian church architecture. Its austere thick walls, small narrow windows, and helmeted cupolas have much in common with the Romanesque architecture of Western Europe. Even further departure from Byzantine models is evident in succeeding cathedrals of Novgorod: St Nicholas"s (1113), St Anthony"s (1117-19), and St George"s (1119).
By the end of the twelfth century the centre of East Slavic political life had moved from Kiev to the northern principality of Vladimir-Suzdal. The local churches were built of white stone by Romanesque masters of Friedrich Barbarossa, whilst their wall statuary was elaborately carved by craftsmen from Georgia. These churches mark the highest point of pre-Mongolian Rus" architecture. The most important churches in Vladimir are the Assumption Cathedral (built 1158-60, enlarged 1185-98, frescoes 1408) and St Demetrios" Cathedral (built 1194-97). Another miraculously preserved church is the graceful Intercession Church on the Nerl (1165), one of the most charming images of medieval Rus".
Celebrated as these structures are, the contemporaries were even more impressed by churches of Southern Rus", particularly the Svirskaya Church of Smolensk (1191-94). As southern structures were either ruined or rebuilt, restoration of their original outlook has been a source of contention between art historians. The most memorable reconstruction is the Pyatnitskaya Church (1196-99) in Chernigov(modern Chernihiv, Ukraine), by Peter Baranovsky.
Secular architecture of Kievan Rus" has scarcely survived. Up to the twentieth century, only the Golden Gates of Vladimir, despite much eighteenth-century restoration, could be regarded as an authentic monument of the pre-Mongolian period. In the 1940s, the archaeologist Nikolai Voronin discovered the well-preserved remains of Andrei Bogolyubsky"s palace in Bogolyubovo, dating from 1158-65.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_architecture
CarieVinne-
借鉴
各位高手谁能帮我翻译下？
Honorific lady: Howdy! First, prepare and wish our first time cooperation and can be pleased!We have already with all strength spare no effort to serve for you in first time cooperate, hoping your ability to be satisfied with to our service. The next in order, according to the understanding, your company take trade and buildings as the main companies, around this aspect of building materials, we want very much to cooperate with your company again.Currently, our customer mainly Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan come from Central Asia, the tower gram etc. country, we are already many to deliver the porcelain and ceramics, cement, furniture, aluminum plank, sheet iron, satge shelf etc. toward them.The place of our company place, there is the biggest porcelain and ceramics of China city, each kind of porcelain and ceramics tool that constructs the usage all has here, such as the toilet, bathtub, ceramic tile, mosaic, an etc. porcelain and ceramics tool. In addition, we have an own electronics factory, without a break power supply of specialized production UPS, under the condition of cut the power, can provide without a break power supply for various equipments.If your company needs this product, can contact us! China has to process, produce the company manily, and keep the advantage with the cheap price, thinking to be necessarily your company still has the opportunity that cooperates with Chinese company from now on, we also cooperation of in hopes of next time, I believe that we would do better!2023-08-01 03:01:012
马术为什么是贵族运动
不是这两个东西高贵，所以人们才追捧他们为贵族运动。而是因为他们很耗时间，很繁琐，很昂贵，所以被贵族选中来作为自己身份的象征。2023-08-01 03:01:133
专利 pct/au/001262 怎么查找，哪位大虾指点下
这是澳大利亚的一篇专利HIGH PERFORMANCE ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES Bibliographic data Description Claims Mosaics Original document INPADOC legal status Publication number: WO2005027255 (A1) Publication date: 2005-03-24 Inventor(s): HAIGH NIGEL PETER [AU]; LAM LAN TRIEU [AU]; PHYLAND CHRISTOPHER G [AU]; RAND DAVID ANTHONY JAMES [AU] + (HAIGH, NIGEL, PETER; LAM, LAN, TRIEU; PHYLAND, CHRISTOPHER, G; RAND, DAVID, ANTHONY, JAMES) Applicant(s): COMMW SCIENT IND RES ORG [AU]; HAIGH NIGEL PETER [AU]; LAM LAN TRIEU [AU]; PHYLAND CHRISTOPHER G [AU]; RAND DAVID ANTHONY JAMES [AU] + (COMMONWEALTH SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ORGANISATION; HAIGH, NIGEL, PETER; LAM, LAN, TRIEU; PHYLAND, CHRISTOPHER, G; RAND, DAVID, ANTHONY, JAMES) Classification: - international: H01M10/12; H01M14/00; H01M2/28; H01M4/58; H01M4/62; H01M16/00; H01M10/06; H01M14/00; H01M2/26; H01M4/58; H01M4/62; H01M16/00; (IPC1-7): H01M10/12 - European: Application number: WO2004AU01262 20040916 Priority number(s): AU20030905086 20030918 Abstract of WO 2005027255 (A1) Translate this text A lead-acid battery comprising at least one lead-based negative electrode (1); at least one lead dioxide-based positive electrode (2); at least one capacitor electrode (3); and electrolyte (7) in contact with the electrodes (1, 2) wherein a battery part is formed by the lead based negative electrode (1) and the lead dioxide-based positive electrode (2) ; and an asymmetric capacitor part is formed by the capacitor electrode (3) and one electrode selected from the lead based negative electrode (1) and the lead-dioxide based positive electrode (2); and wherein all negative electrodes are connected to a negative busbar (9), and all positive electrodes are connected to a positive busbar (8).2023-08-01 03:01:402
求英语达人帮忙翻译 汉译英
Black and white red trichromatic, research and application in clothingPickAs an old and young art, clothing is the carrier of culture and human history, art and science and technology, and human combining this process is the most direct, vivid, the most abundant. Normally, garments, fabrics and color is through three aspects of the design to finish the design and innovation. Which plays a key role in the choice of colour is. Facing the colour of profusion, black, white, red, only three colors is timeless classic and fashion. Whether in half a century before the new era in the Audrey Hepburn today, black, white, GongDou are fashion and popular pro-gaze. In the design of diversification can bold and through different splicing, enchase, dot, line, face different expression flexible use of black, white and red. These 3 kinds of color whether used alone or collocation is used to one senuous pleasure.In the writing process, this paper analyses and studies of graduation design and the expression is discussed, and illustrated, link theory with practice and theory is applied in practice.Keywords: black and white red dress classical fashion2023-08-01 03:02:004
大家知道土卫六是什么吗？
土卫六是土星的已知卫星中距其第十五近的一颗：公转轨道: 距土星 1,221,830 千米 卫星直径: 5150 千米 质量: 1.35e23 千克 在希腊神话里，泰坦是一个巨人家族，乌拉诺斯和该亚的孩子。他想支配天堂，但是被宙斯家族推翻并取代了。 它是在1655年由惠更斯发现的。 人们一直认为土卫六是太阳系中最大的卫星，但最近的观察表明土卫六的大气层太厚了，其实它的固体表面比木卫三的还稍小一些。尽管如此，土卫六还是在直径上比水星大，并且比冥王星更大更重。 旅行者1号任务的根本目的之一是对土卫六的研究。旅行者1号在距其表面4000千米的高空飞行。我们现在与它邂逅的几分钟比先前的300年了解的更多。2004年,卡西尼号太空船开始对泰坦进行一系列近距离接触,通过众多仪器对它采集了数据.2005年一月,惠根斯号探测飞船已然登陆上了泰坦表面并发回了不少这颗天体表面的照片. 现在我们所知道的还很不完整。土卫六被一个很圆的不透明大气层所包围，其表面在可见光下根本看不见（左下图）。（卡西尼任务将用雷达绘制土卫六表面的地图，就象Magellan对金星所做的。）所有旅行者的图片显示的是在南北半球颜色上的微妙变化，一些地表的细节可以用哈勃太空望远镜通过红外线被看见。 土卫六的整体性质与木卫三，木卫四，海卫一和冥王星（可能）相类似。现在还不知道它是类似木卫三的内部构造还是与木卫四相同。 土卫六是由近一半的冰和一半的岩石物质组成的。它可能被分成许多层，拥有一个直径3400千米，被许多由多种冰晶体组成的地层环绕的岩石核心。它的内部可能还是热的，尽管在组成上与土卫五和其余的土星卫星类似，但是它密度更大，因为它很大以致于自身的引力使它向中心压缩。 在太阳系的所有卫星中，土卫六有一个值得注意的大气层。在地表，它的压力大于1.5巴（比地球的高50％）。它主要由分子氮组成（就像地球的），另外仅有6％的氩气和占有一些百分比的甲烷。十分有趣的是，还有一打微量的其他有机化合物（比如乙烷，氢氰酸，二氧化碳）。这些有机物像甲烷一样形成。它们在土卫六的大气层上部被太阳光破坏。这样的结果是类似于在大城市上空发现的烟雾，但要更厚。在许多方面，这类似于地球历史上生命开始出现的早期的条件。 土卫六没有磁场，有时在土星的磁层外运行，这就直接暴露在了太阳风下。这可能造成电离，并从大气层的顶部带走一些分子。 在表面，土卫六的温度是大约94开（零下290华氏度）。在这个温度下，冰不会升华，表面的水不能参与大气层的化学变化。尽管如此，好像还有许多化学变化不断进行；这最终的结果可能形成许多很厚的烟雾。 在土卫六的大气层中有散布的可变云使得这颗天体整个的朦胧不清,这些云层或许是由甲烷,乙烷及其它一些简单物质所组成,另一些小数量的复杂化学成份则取决了这颗天体在宇宙中呈现的桔色.惠更斯号传回的数据分析将告诉我们更多关于土卫六大气层的细节.Erosion features 在卡西尼的到达之前,看上去似乎那些大气层的云会制造出由甲烷或是乙烷组成的雨落在卫星表面,形成约1000米深的"大洋".然而,现今看来这并不是事实.毫无疑问的是一些活跃的现象正在泰坦上发生.有可能是一些可见的火山口预示着卫星表面一定是非常年轻,但也可能是泥泞而非充满流体的"湖"或并非一直充满流体的盆地.来自惠更斯初步的结果表明当土卫六的河流和湖一时呈现干枯的时候,雨水也许就在不久前发生了.有清楚的证据证明了这一"急促的侵蚀,及河水冲刷留下的痕迹".此外,卡西尼号在土卫六上发现了"一座奇特的火山口",其说明着卫星大气层中某些不寻常的特性. We are beginning to get some understanding of Titan"s surface by combining the data from all the sources available. Large ground based observatories operating in the infra-red can see some details as can the Hubble Space Telescope. These show a huge bright "continent" (preliminarily called "Xanadu") on the hemisphere of Titan that faces forward in its orbit and some darker regions that are suggestive of oceans or lakes. Cassini"s much higher resolution infrared images (below right, click for animation) show the same structures in more detail. And the close-ups from Huygens (left) show what appear to be drainage channels and shorelines.通过对已有数据的整合,我们开始理解了土卫六表面的一些细节.地基的大天文台在红外端观测也能获如哈勃望远镜般的观测效果.这些红外照片呈现了面向土卫六公转轨道的半球面上巨大明亮的"大陆"(先前称之为 "Xanadu"),一些暗区域预示着可能的海洋和湖的存在.卡西尼号高分辨率的红外观测照片(右下脚)显示了同样结构上的更多细节.惠根斯号(左面)的近距离照片则显示了看上去似乎是水渠状和海岸线的情景. 通过哈勃天文望远镜的观察也显示土卫六的自转实际上是像大多数土星卫星一样的，为同步自转。 卡西尼号的红外照片发现了在泰坦表面一奇怪不可解释的"亮点". Titan is a difficult object to study. The Cassini instruments are specifically designed to penetrate the haze, its radar mapper can see right thru it and the Huygens images show the surface clearly. But the orbiter images are still frustratingly vague and the Huygens images are few in number and cover only a tiny area. Analysis of this data will take some time; Titan is a very strange place. 土卫六是一个很难研究的天体.卡西尼号上的设备特别是为了穿越卫星大气层而设计,它的雷达图谱能进入土卫六内部.惠更斯号的照片则更为清晰的显示了卫星表面.但照片依然含糊不清且屈指可数只能覆盖一个小区域.照片数据的分析仍需假以时日,土卫六对我们来说依然是一陌生的地方. 更多的有关土卫六:来自惠更斯的初步数据 enhanced mosaics from Huygens: landing site; context mosaic from Cassini Titan in IR from Cassini Hubble Space Telescope images of Titan"s surface by Mark Lemmon 哈勃的泰坦表面照片:txt Keck speckle interferometry images of Titan AO images of Titan from DESPA cloud images in infrared from Keck and Gemini with AO Cassini approach movie Huygens raw images older images 未知点土卫六下雨的频率?有没有液态甲烷组成的汇聚地? 土卫六的内部依然炙热? 为何土卫六拥有密集的大气层而其它卫星没有? 土卫六上有众多有机物和潜在的液态环境.尽管环境温度对生命来说显得极其寒冷,但是否依然有生命的可能?土卫六是最有可能有生命的星球之一。不管怎样，有趣的是，它类似于地球早期的环境。 惠更斯号的照片中呈现的水渠状和海岸线的情景是否真实?2023-08-01 03:02:101
英语介绍布拉格和威尼斯的短文
Prague Introduction Prague (Czech Praha), capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. City with over a thousand-year history, was established and developed at the intersection of strategic routes connecting key centres on the European continent. Often called the City of a Hundred Spires because of its many churches and towers, Prague is the chief commercial, industrial, and cultural center of the Czech Republic. Unlike much of central Europe, the city was not seriously damaged in World War II (1939-1945) and remains one of the most beautiful cities on the continent. Since the fall of Communism in 1989, Prague has become a major tourist attraction through all Europe region.From: http://www.moveandstay.com/prague/guide_introduction.aspAn Introduction to Venice Venice was founded in 1421 A.D. and remains today an architectural wonderland; it has 3 large bridges, including the Ponte dei Sospiri (the Bridge of Sighs), the Ponte Rialto, and the Ponte Accademia that span the Grand Canal, the main street that sweeps through the heart of the city. We learn that gondolas first appeared in the 11th century; today they are romantic icons, yet once these unusual boats were essential for the transportation of goods. At St Mark"s Square, the Doge"s Palace marks the entrance to this center of political and religious life, while Basilica San Marco, a Byzantine cathedral built in the 11th century and known for its beautiful mosaics and carvings, is the most famous landmark in the square and originally served as the Doge"s private chapel. Just north of we visit the island of Murano to watch glass-blowing artisans employ their Venetian glass-making techniques at the Mazzega Glass Factory; then to the picturesque island of Burano, which has been inhabited since Roman times and is famous for needle lace-making lace that dates back to the 15th century. From: http://www.chiptaylor.com/ttlmnp0984-.cfm2023-08-01 03:02:171
sell for是什么意思
sell for 的意思是“ 卖(多少钱),以…的价钱出售”be sold for是被动语态 举个例子：He sells the book for 10 yuan.他以10元的价钱出售这本书. 扩展资料 例句： They sell materials for DIY mosaics and ready-made panels. 他们出售自己动手做镶嵌画所需材料和现成的镶板。 You can"t sell this for much. 这东西卖不了几个钱。 You could sell it for scrap. 你可以把这东西当废品卖。 With a traditional textbook you can sell it for$ 30-$ 50 and that helps to pay for your new semester"s books. 一本传统的"教科书你能卖到30美元至50美元，这些钱能帮你购买新学期的书。2023-08-01 03:02:371
帮忙 3DMAX的参考文献《急》
1. 曾芬芳主编.虚拟现实技术.上海交通大学出版社, 1997年第一版.2. 黄心渊编著.虚拟现实技术与应用.科学出版社，1999年第一版.3. Heung-Yeung Shum and Li-Wee He . Rendering with Concentric Mosaics.SIGGRAPH"99.4. 张昀、徐自亮. 3D Studio MAX R3(上册).清华大学出版社,1999年第一版.4． 3D Studio MAX R3 技术文档. Kinetix Company.5． 鲍虎军,彭群生.浙江大学CAD＆CG国家重点实验室.基于图像的图形绘制技术. 1998 第36期 技术专题版专题报道2023-08-01 03:02:471
虚拟现实场景的建模技术有哪两种
摘要：3D Studio MAX 是Autodesk公司的子公司Kinetix推出的一种优秀的三维动画造型软件,它广泛用于游戏、广告、建筑等领域，是目前PC上最流行的三维动画造型软件。虚拟现实技术是计算机技术发展到一定阶段的产物，它使计算机适应人而不是人适应计算机，它的发展应用日益广泛、普及。本文拟就3DS MAX 在虚拟现实系统构建过程中的应用做一介绍。1.虚拟现实简介虚拟现实（VR）是一种由计算机和电子技术创造的新世界，是一个看似真实的模拟环境，通过多种传感设备用户可根据自身的感觉，使用人的自然技能对虚拟世界的物体进行考察或操作，参与其中的事件；同时提供视觉、听觉、触觉等多通道的信息，用户通过视、听、摸等直观而又自然的实时感知，并使参与者沉浸于模拟环境中。VR的三个最突出的特征，即它的3“I”特性：交互性（interactivity）、沉浸感（Illusion of Immersion）、想象（ imagination）。虚拟现实技术是在众多相关技术如计算机图形学、仿真技术、多媒体技术、传感器技术、人工智能的基础上发展起来的。虚拟现实技术在最近十年里获得了极大的发展，这主要归因于计算机软、硬件条件的飞速发展，以及虚拟现实专用设备价格的下降和性能的提高。目前虚拟现实技术已经获得了广泛的应用，而且日益普及，不仅在诸如NASA的大型工程得到应用，也出现在一些游戏中，在一些高档的PC机上甚至可以构建自己的个人PCVRS（个人虚拟现实系统）。设计一个虚拟现实系统除了硬件条件一般个人无法定制外，能够充分发挥个人能动性的就只能是在系统软的方面下功夫了。设计一个VR系统，首要的问题是创造一个虚拟环境，这个虚拟环境包括三维模型、三维声音等，在这些要素中，因为在人的感觉中，视觉摄取的信息量最大，反应亦最为灵敏，所以创造一个逼真而又合理的模型，并且能够实时动态地显示是最重要的。虚拟现实系统构建的很大一部分工作也是建造逼真合适的三维模型。2.3D Studio MAX 简介 3D Studio MAX是Kinetix公司推出的一套强大的三维建模软件,由于它是基于Win NT 或Win98平台的，方便易学，又因其相对低廉的价格优势,所以成为目前个人PC上最为流行的三维建模软件。其3.0版本的推出，更是巩固了它在个人PC平台上的地位。它的3.0版本相较以前的版本有了明显的改进,具体表现在以下几个方面:⑴ 工作流模式使得工作组的协调更容易，效率更高。3D Studio MAX R3引入了工作流模式，在具体的实现上从外部参考体系（XRef）、示意视图（Schematic View）的引入以及现在3D MAX 可以使用其他程序从外部加以控制，而不必激活它的工作界面。⑵ 易用性的改进。操作界面的改进是Release 3.0版本的最显著的变化，除了外观的变化之外，R3.0版本还增加了诸如用户自定义界面、宏记录、插件代码、变换Gizmo、轨迹条等功能。⑶ 渲染的改进。Autodesk公司在收购了以渲染和视频技术闻名的Discreet Logic公司，吸收了该公司的先进技术，3D MAX R3 对其渲染器几乎做了重新设计，不仅增加了渲染的速度，而且提高了画面渲染的质量。⑷ 建模技术的增强。建模技术的增强是3D Studio MAX最重要、最突出的改进，这也是在虚拟现实系统构建中应用它的一个有力的原因。主要的改进包括：① 细分曲面技术(Subdivision Surface) 。3DS MAX 包含了细分曲面技术，细分曲面技术是1998年以来业界最流行的建模技术，大有赶超NURBS技术之势，它可以使模型建立更容易，而且效果更好。② 柔性选择。此项技术可以“部分地”选择顶点，从而在变换顶点时获得光滑、柔和的效果,这对建立复杂物体的模型时非常有用。③ 曲面工具和改进的NURBS技术。使用曲面工具可以产生很复杂的“面片”模型，这亦是一种重要的建模方法，Release 3.0版本中的NURBS技术不但速度加快，而且增加了一系列方便、易用的功能。⑸ 对游戏的更好支持。3D Studio MAX R3大大增强了对游戏的支持，而且这些特性也可以用于其他场合。 ① 增加了角色动画功能。Release 3.0版本内置了制作角色动画的功能，可以方便制作人物或动物的动作、柔软物体的效果以及变形效果。 ② 顶点信息以及加强的贴图坐标功能。现在可以对顶点着色，并增加了顶点的通道，增强了UVW Unwarp的功能，并增加了World XYZ贴图坐标。此外，3D Studio MAX R3也显著增强了动画功能。3. 3DS MAX 在VR系统构建过程中的应用如前所述,VR系统要求实时动态逼真地模拟环境,考虑到硬件的限制和虚拟现实系统的实时性的要求,VR系统的建模与以造型为主的动画建模方法有着显著的不同,VR的建模大都采用模型分割、纹理映射等技术。目前VR中的虚拟场景的构造主要有以下途径：基于模型的方法和IBR（基于图像的绘制）方法两种。这两种方法都可以在3DS MAX中加以实现和验证，下面具体展开加以说明。3． 1 基于模型的构造方法。3DS MAX的几何建模方法主要有多边形（Polygon）建模、非均匀有理B样条曲线建模（NURBS）、细分曲面技术建模（Subdivision Surface）。通常建立一个模型可以分别通过几种方法得到，但有优劣、繁简之分。⑴ 多边形建模。多边形建模技术是最早采用的一种建模技术，它的思想很简单，就是用小平面来模拟曲面，从而制作出各种形状的三维物体，小平面可以是三角形、矩形或其他多边形但实际中多是三角形或矩形。使用多边形建模可以通过直接创建基本的几何体，再根据要求采用修改器调整物体形状或通过使用放样、曲面片造型、组合物体来制作虚拟现实作品。多边形建模的主要优点是简单、方便和快速但它难于生成光滑的曲面，故而多边形建模技术适合于构造具有规则形状的物体，如大部分的人造物体，同时可根据虚拟现实系统的要求，仅仅通过调整所建立模型的参数就可以获得不同分辨率的模型，以适应虚拟场景实时显示的需要。⑵ NURBS建模。NURBS是Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines（非均匀有理B样条曲线）的缩写，它纯粹是计算机图形学的一个数学概念。NURBS建模技术是最近4年来三维动画最主要的建模方法之一，特别适合于创建光滑的、复杂的模型,而且在应用的广泛性和模型的细节逼真性方面具有其他技术无可比拟的优势。但由于NURBS建模必须使用曲面片作为其基本的建模单元，所以它也有以下局限性：NURBS曲面只有有限的几种拓扑结构，导致它很难制作拓扑结构很复杂的物体(例如带空洞的物体)；NURBS曲面片的基本结构是网格状的,若模型比较复杂,会导致控制点急剧增加而难于控制;构造复杂模型时经常需要裁剪曲面,但大量裁剪容易导致计算错误;NURBS技术很难构造“带有分枝的”物体⑶ 细分曲面技术。细分曲面技术是1998年才引入的三维建模方法，它解决了NURBS技术在建立曲面时面临的困难，它使用任意多面体作为控制网格，然后自动根据控制网格来生成平滑的曲面。细分曲面技术的网格可以是任意形状，因而可以很容易地构造出各种拓扑结构，并始终保持整个曲面的光滑性。细分曲面技术的另一个重要特点是“细分”，就是只在物体的局部增加细节，而不必增加整个物体的复杂程度，同时还能维持增加了细节的物体的光滑性。但由于细分曲面技术是一种刚出现不久的技术，3D Studio MAX R3对它的支持还显得稚嫩，还不能完成一些十分复杂的模型创作。 有了以上3DS MAX几种建模方法的认识，就可以在为虚拟现实系统制作相应模型前,根据虚拟现实系统的要求选取合适的建模途径,多快好省地完成虚拟现实的作品的制作。在虚拟现实作品制作的时候应当遵循一个原则:在能够保证视觉效果的前提下，尽量采用比较简单的模型，而且若能够用参数化方法构建的对象尽量用参数化方法构建，同时，在模型创作过程中，对模型进行分割，分别建模，以利于在虚拟现实系统中进行操作和考察。对于复杂对象的运动或原理演示,我们可以预先将对象的运动和说明做成动画存为avi文件,然后等待VR系统合适的触发事件,播放该avi文件即可。3．2 基于图像的绘制 (IBR)，传统图形绘制技术均是面向景物几何而设计的，因而绘制过程涉及到复杂的建模、消隐和光亮度计算。尽管通过可见性预计算技术及场景几何简化技术可大大减少需处理景物的面片数目，但对高度复杂的场景，现有的计算机硬件仍无法实时绘制简化后的场景几何。因而我们面临的一个重要问题是如何在具有普通计算能力的计算机上实现真实感图形的实时绘制。IBR技术就是为实现这一目标而设计的一种全新的图形绘制方式。该技术基于一些预先生成的图像(或环境映照)来生成不同视点的场景画面，与传统绘制技术相比，它有着鲜明的特点： ⑴ 图形绘制独立于场景复杂性，仅与所要生成画面的分辨率有关。 ⑵ 预先存储的图像(或环境映照)既可以是计算机合成的，亦可以是实际拍摄的画面，而且两者可以混合使用。⑶ 该绘制技术对计算资源的要求不高，因而可以在普通工作站和个人计算机上实现复杂场景的实时显示。由于每一帧场景画面都只描述了给定视点沿某一特定视线方向观察场景的结果，并不是从图像中恢复几何或光学景象模型，为了摆脱单帧画面视域的局限性，我们可在一给定视点处拍摄或通过计算得到其沿所有方向的图像，并将它们拼接成一张全景图像。为使用户能在场景中漫游，我们需要建立场景在不同位置处的全景图，继而通过视图插值或变形来获得临近视点的对应的视图。IBR技术是新兴的研究领域，它将改变人们对计算机图形学的传统认识，从而使计算机图形学获得更加广泛的应用。3DS MAX在IBR中的应用是自然的，3DS MAX的出色的纹理贴图，强大的贴图控制能力，各种空间扭曲和变形，都提供了对图像和环境映照的容易的处理途径。例如，在各种IBR的应用中，全景图的生成是经常需要解决的问题，这方面，利用3DS MAX可以根据所需的全景图类型先生成对应的基板，比如，柱面全景图就先生成一个圆柱，然后控制各个方向的条状图像沿着圆柱面进行贴图即可。而且可以将图像拼接的过程编制成Script文件做成插件嵌入3DS MAX环境中，可以容易地生成全景图并且预先观察在虚拟现实系统中漫游的效果，这通过在Video Post设置摄像机的运动轨迹即可。事实上，目前已经有一些全景图生成和校正的插件。在用3DS MAX为VR系统创作好模型后，结合VR系统的要求，看是否需要采用诸如LOD（Level of Detail）模型，如果需要可利用MAX 自带的LOD插件直接生成对象的LOD模型，最后根据VR系统的编辑环境将模型输出为编辑环境所能接收的文件类型，如VRML97或DXF 等格式的文件。以上主要介绍了3DS MAX制作VR作品，下面再简单介绍一些3DS MAX 的另外的应用。在VR系统中经常需要有视差和景深的立体视图，这可以通过在3DS MAX中设置双摄像机来模拟人的双眼来渲染立体视图对，这个需要调整双摄像机的相对位置，然后分别渲染不同的摄像机视图即可得到立体视图对，具体实现过程可参见文献〖2〗。3DS MAX 是用C++语言和Open GL编写的应用软件，而且它提供的MAX SDK也是采用C＋＋编写的代码，我们可以很容易地用C＋＋和Open GL结合MAX SDK实现我们的图形学算法，再把我们的算法作为插件嵌入3DS MAX环境中，而不用考虑物体模型的生成和处理的复杂代码，利用3DS MAX的渲染计时器可以方便地检验我们所编算法的效率和效果。参考文献1. 曾芬芳主编.虚拟现实技术.上海交通大学出版社, 1997年第一版.2. 黄心渊编著.虚拟现实技术与应用.科学出版社，1999年第一版.3. Heung-Yeung Shum and Li-Wee He . Rendering with Concentric Mosaics.SIGGRAPH"99.4. 张昀、徐自亮. 3D Studio MAX R3(上册).清华大学出版社,1999年第一版.4． 3D Studio MAX R3 技术文档. Kinetix Company.5． 鲍虎军,彭群生.浙江大学CAD＆CG国家重点实验室.基于图像的图形绘制技术. 1998 第36期 技术专题版专题报道.2023-08-01 03:02:561
国际学生拥有视觉艺术学位毕业后能够做什么？
当谈到视觉艺术专业时，大多数人会认为该专业毕业后不好就业，可事实真的如此吗？接下来，就为大家详细讲解国际学生拥有视觉艺术学位毕业后能够做什么，希望能够帮助到大家。 拥有视觉艺术学位的毕业生可以从事很多与画廊无关的职业。想要致富成名的未来视觉艺术学生应该明白，无论是作为艺术家还是设计师，实现这一目标都是很困难的，因为很多在艺术和设计领域工作的人收入都不高。 美国劳工统计局（Bureau of Labor statistics，简称BLS）的薪酬统计数据显示，许多美国艺术专业人士的年收入不到6万美元。截至2019年5月，手工艺和美术艺术家的平均年薪为48760美元；室内设计师56，040美元；平面设计师52，110美元。 艺术学院的校友和教师们说，虽然艺术或设计的工作通常不会让一个人变得富有，但攻读艺术或设计学位也不会注定一个人要过贫困的生活。艺术才能商业化的途径有很多，从设计消费者想要购买的产品到为企业制作广告。劳工统计局的数据显示，截止2019年，艺术总监的平均年薪为94，220美元，比所有职业的平均年薪高出近5.5万美元。艺术总监是为出版物、产品包装、电影和电视节目创作形象的视觉艺术家，如品牌标识。 根据美国劳工统计局（BLS）的调查，以下是一些职业，艺术学位获得者的薪水可以远远高于一般工作，如： （1）艺术总监：平均年收入超过9万美元。 （2）多媒体艺术家和动画师：平均年收入超过7.5万美元 （3）制片人和导演：收入中值略低于7.5万美元 （4）时装设计师：收入中值略低于7.4万美元 有些工作将艺术与工程结合在一起，比如建筑，这类职业需要专业学位和许可证，平均年薪超过8万美元。工业设计工作——专注于为制造业产品开发创意——需要创造力和技术悟性的结合，这些工人的工资中值略低于6.9万美元。 对于那些梦想在美术馆和博物馆工作的人，也有一些策展职位。根据艺术博物馆馆长协会2019年薪酬调查，在北美，策展职位的薪酬因层级不同而差异很大。策展助理的平均工资约为42，000美元。在策展人的职业阶梯上有许多阶梯，每一级的上升通常都会带来薪水的增加。首席策展人或策展事务主管的平均工资为128，365美元。 专家们说，尽管一些视觉艺术和设计职业利润丰厚，但那些主要对钱感兴趣的潜在视觉艺术专业学生在攻读艺术学位时应该三思而后行。 爱荷华州多特大学（Dordt University）艺术副教授、该校艺术与设计系系主任马特·德里斯塞尔（Matt Drissell）在一封电子邮件中写道“如果你想要一个赚钱的职业，不要成为艺术家。有新闻价值的百万美元拍卖并不常见。如果你想成为一个自我激励、充满好奇心和创造力的人，想要挑战和快乐，那就接受艺术事业吧。” 德里斯塞尔在纽约艺术学院（New York Academy of Art）获得了绘画艺术硕士学位。他说，艺术作品的主要回报不是经济上的。正如许多人在Covid期间学到的，能够通过视觉艺术亲自处理生活可以治愈和肯定。无论是在动荡和悲伤的时候，还是在灵感和欢乐的时候，都能够广泛地分享创造力可以建立社区。这可能不是一条有利可图的道路，但它可以具有丰富的意义。” 尽管如此，那些创办了自己公司的艺术学院校友们说，有创业精神、有商业头脑的艺术家有时能赚很多钱。 加州太阳镜公司Knockaround的创始人兼首席执行官亚当·埃斯·莫耶（Adam ＂Ace＂ Moyer）说，他的人生经历说明了将艺术教育转化为成功商业的可能性。 莫耶在一封电子邮件中写道，“我有两个艺术学位，在大学里学了7年艺术，但我这辈子从没上过一门商业课。我赚了很多钱。我有一所房子，一堆酷炫的汽车，我和我的家人一起度过有趣的假期。我有一些拥有商业学位的朋友向我寻求商业建议。当然，这也需要一些运气。但是，如果我能做到，你也能做到。” 瓷砖公司Mercury Mosaics的创始人兼首席执行官梅塞德斯u2022奥斯汀（Mercedes Austin）说，她从未遇到过一个完全为金钱所驱使的成功人士。奥斯汀（Austin）在一封电子邮件中解释道，她曾参加过一个美术课程，但在拿到学位之前就离开了，她说：“我找到了符合我直觉的职业机会，我从不过度思考和逻辑思考。如果我能在感觉正确的事情上着陆，我知道我可以通过研究、努力工作和坚持来建立后勤。” 职业画家、著名的芝加哥艺术学院（School of the Art Institute of Chicago）校友安妮卡u2022康纳（Annika Connor）表示，商业思维可以让艺术家们看到其他人可能不会注意到的赚钱机会。康纳创作画廊画作，并通过她的公司Annika＇s Art Shop销售日常用品，比如枕套和手提袋，上面印有她画作的图案。 这些商品上的颜色选择与她的原画一致，但设计往往是原始图像的抽象版本。她说，通过用自己的艺术作品来装饰更便宜的物品，康纳获得了比其他方式更广泛、更多样化的受众，这给了她更多的销售机会。 康纳建议有抱负的艺术家们思考一下，他们是否有足够的自我激励，以达到在艺术行业独立工作的必要程度。 她说：“在你选择的任何行业为自己工作都很难，你必须有抱负，必须努力工作，必须创新，必须有组织。”康纳指出，职业艺术家有时过于浪漫化他们的职业，以至于他们忘记了谋生的需要。她建议艺术家们记住，他们的作品既有创造性又有商业价值。 她说：“为了获得收入和收入增长，你需要遵循一些商业原则。你不能仅仅因为你想让某些事情发生，就指望它会发生。” 康纳警告说：“不要抱有“只要你是艺术家，就不必学习任何商业知识”的错误观念。”她建议找一个包括如何在艺术领域“生存”的课程的艺术项目。 康纳补充道：“艺术家们需要知道如何推销自己，因为没有哪个公司或个人会像他们关心自己的长期成功那样去关心你。在我们生活的这个时代，你不能指望遇到一个可以为你照料一切的画廊老板，即使这在曾经是可行的，但对于现在是不现实的。” 康纳指出，特别成功的艺术家可以变得非常富有。她还说：“人们谈论艺术家的时候，总是想到吃不饱穿不暖。他们似乎从不谈论这样一个事实——在艺术界，我们是少数几个对我们的赚钱能力没有绝对收入上限的行业之一。当我们达到某种程度的成功时，天文数字般的回报是空前未有的。” 乔治亚州Zuza Films的总裁和联合创始人吉姆u2022斯普鲁埃尔（Jim Spruell）表示，他的艺术培训为他带来了许多职业机会。他在邮件中写道“我有乔治亚大学的美术学士学位，谢天谢地，从毕业那天起我就有了一份工作。事实上，在我拿到学位之前就有一份工作在等着我了。” 斯普鲁埃尔在广告业有着丰富的经验，他建议有艺术学位的人可以考虑几个雇主。他说：“如果你有艺术学位，广告公司是不错的选择。设计公司也一直在寻找有艺术学位的人才。甚至是大品牌的内部营销部门。” 雕刻家和玻璃艺术家凯特琳·维塔洛（Caitlin Vitalo）同时也是新泽西州亨特顿艺术博物馆（Hunterdon Art Museum）的教育协调员。她承认，拿低工资对艺术学位获得者来说是很有可能的。 维塔洛在一封邮件中写道，工作有时很难找到，雇主所支付德薪酬往往并不符合你的期望，可能需要很长一段时间才能看到财务上的成功。然而，从事艺术并不是不可能的，如果你对它充满热情，那么它就值得你去追求。当我凭借艺术学位努力寻求经济上的成功时，我经常提醒自己，如果我做其他的事情，我会多么痛苦。 维塔洛拥有天普大学（Temple University）泰勒艺术与建筑学院（Tyler School of Art and Architecture）的美术硕士学位。她指出，艺术学院的毕业生可以追求比他们最初想象的更多的职业。 她说：“刚开始工作的时候，我没有意识到橱窗陈列是一个艺术家可以从事的工作，现在我希望我有。电影或电视节目中的每一个场景都是由艺术家精心设计和创作的。广告牌是由艺术家创作的。你锁自行车的公共自行车站是由艺术家创造的。我们所做的几乎每件事都包括一些视觉上的东西，而艺术家往往是一个贡献者。”2023-08-01 03:03:061
mac painter 缩小 非全屏
最近在研究painter，所以转载来一些快捷键~~~和ps还是有所不同~现在把我找到关于painter快捷键放在上来，做为资料供自己和有兴趣的朋友一起分享。工具名称 中文注释 快捷键 简要说明 Magnifier [放大镜] M 缩放屏幕按Alt缩小Grabber [平 移] G 平移屏幕Rotate Page [旋转画布] E 旋转画布,双击后还原Perspective [ ] . Crop [剪 裁] C 剪裁画面Brush [画 笔] B 切换到上次使用的画笔Paint Bucket [颜料桶] K 属性管理中设单色渐变复制编织图案Dropper [点滴器] D Selection Tools [选择工具] shift加ctrl减alt平移后添加新选区Rectangular Selection [矩形选择] R 建立矩形选区Oval Selection O [椭圆选择] o 建立椭圆形选区Lasso [套索 ] L 建立矩形选区Magic Wand [魔棒工具] W 颜色建立选区可直接调选项变化选区 Adjuster Tools [调节工具]Layer Adjuster [图层调节] F 拖动选区变为新图层无选区作用整层Selection Adjuster [选区调节] S 调节选区形状Shape Selection [形状选择] H 选择矢量图形 Shape Design Tools [形状设计]Pen [钢笔工具] P 画出路径Shape Design [自由形状] Q 手绘路径Text [植字工具] T 文字确定后变矢量元素每元素占一层 Shape Object Tools [形状对象]Rectangular Shape [矩形对象] I 画矩形Oval Shape [椭圆对象] J 画椭圆 Shape Edit Tools [形状调节]Scissors [形状剪刀] Z 对于填充的删除填充,线对象则断开Add Point [添加节点] A 对路径添加节点Convert Point [曲线调节] Y 对手柄调节Remove Point [删除节点] X 删除路径节点 Palette Commands [调色板 ]Toolbox [工具箱 ] Ctrl+1 显隐工具箱Brushes [画笔选择] Ctrl+2 显隐选择画笔Art Materials [艺术原料] Ctrl+3 显隐颜色图案渐变纸纹布纹等Objects [对象 ] Ctrl+4 显隐层蒙板图像元件选择元件动态层Controls [属性控制] Ctrl+5 显隐控制当前工具的属性Color Set [方格色板] Ctrl+6 显隐以方格显示的选色斑Brush Controls [画笔控制] Ctrl+7 显隐常规尺寸间隔角度硬度厚涂等等 File Menu Commands [文件菜单]New [新建文档] Ctrl+N 新建文档对话框可选图形还是动画Open [打开文档] Ctrl+O 打开以存在的文档Close [关闭文档] Ctrl+W 关闭当前文档Save [保存文档] Ctrl+S 保存当前文档Get Info [文档信息] Ctrl+I 为文档添加信息?www map default URLPrint [打印文档] Ctrl+P 打印当前文档Quit [退出软件] Ctrl+Q 退出本软件 Edit Menu Commands [编辑菜单]Undo [撤消操作] Ctrl+Z 撤消上次操作Redo [重做操作] Ctrl+Y 重做操作Cut [剪切 ] Ctrl+X 剪切Copy [拷贝 ] Ctrl+C 拷贝Paste [粘贴 ] Ctrl+V 粘贴 Canvas Menu Commands [画布菜单]Tracing Paper [描图纸 ] Ctrl+T 配合文件菜单的克隆和克隆来源使用Resize Image [图像尺寸] S+Ctr+R 重定义图像强制选项可以还原尺寸 Effects Menu Commands [效果菜单]Last Effect [上次效果] Ctrl+/ 显示上一次使用的效果名称Second to Last Effect [二次效果] Ctrl+; 上次被新效果代替上次下移到二次Fill [填充 ] Ctrl+F 填充原色图案渐变布纹Equalize [层次调节] Ctrl+E 通过定义最亮值最暗值来调节图像 Select Menu Commands [选择菜单]Select All [全选 ] Ctrl+A 全选Deselect [取消选择] Ctrl+D 取消选取框Reselect [重复选择] Ctrl+R 重复上次选择 Shapes Menu Commands [形状菜单]Join Endpoints [加结束点] Ctrl+J 选择开放路径的两个端点使之封闭Duplicate [复制形状] Ctrl+] 复制形状结果比原来的大一些Set Shape Attributes [设置形状] Ctrl+[ 设置形状的描边和填充效果 Window Menu Commands [窗口菜单]Hide/Display Palettes [隐调色板] Ctrl+H 控制调色板的显示和隐藏Zoom In [放大视图] Ctrl++ 放大Zoom Out [缩小视图] Ctrl+- 缩小Full Screen Window [全屏显示] Ctrl+M 全屏 Screen Navigation [屏幕导航]Center Image [居中显示] Spacebar+Click 空格加单击滚动条Zoom In [放大视图] Spacebar+Ctrl+Click 等同于Ctrl++Zoom Out [缩小视图] Spacebar+Ctrl+Alt +Click等同于Ctrl+-Rotate Image [旋转画布] Spacebar+Alt+Drag 旋转画布Constrain Rotate to 90 [90度旋转] Space+Alt+Shift+Drag 强迫画布90度旋转Screen to Default View [恢复视图] Space+Alt+Click 恢复旋转后的视图 Expandable Palette [面板导航]Scroll Contents [面板滚动] Alt+Click+Drag 不会误改面板设置onOpen/Close triangle [面板三角] Shift+Click 面板上所有三角开 Brush Tool [画笔工具]Brush Controls [画笔控制]Dropper ctrl 变成点滴器原文是Alt Layer Adjuster Shift+Alt+Ctrl 移动图层原文CtrlResize Brush Alt+Ctrl 画笔直径大小原文Shift+Alt+CtrlIncrease Current Brush ] 扩大当前画笔尺寸原文]]Decrease Current Brush [ 缩小当前画笔尺寸原文[[Constrain to 45 degrees Alt+Shift 强制45度或垂直Adjust opacity 1 to 0 keys 调节画笔透明度每次百分之10Unconstrained Draw Shift+1 画笔绘画不受选择区域的限制Draw Outside Shift+2 画笔绘画在选择区域的外面Draw Inside Shift+3 画笔绘画在选择区域的里面Load Nozzle Ctrl+L 读取喷嘴用图案 Cloning [克隆工具]Set Clone Source Alt 克隆点与画笔相对位置不变模式Set Clone Destination Alt+Shift 选择来源点原文Alt+Shift Colors [画笔颜色]Correct Colors Shift+K 颜色修正对话框原文Ctrl+Shift+KToggle Between 1 and 2 Colors Shift+X 在主颜色和次颜色之间切换 Gradations [画笔渐变]Edit Gradient Ctrl+Shift+G 前景和背景渐变设置对话框Adjust Spiral Ctrl+Angle Adjuster按Ctrl键按圈数调节否则按角度 Paint Bucket [颜料桶 ]Limit Fill Extent Drag 拖动鼠标出现可变矩形区域进行填充Dropper ctrl 变成点滴器原文是Alt Layer Adjuster Shift+Alt+Ctrl 移动图层原文Ctrl Selection Tools [选择工具]Rectangle, Oval,Lasso 包括矩形,椭圆,套索Constrain to Square or Circle Shift 强迫正方形和正圆Add to Selection Shift 添加选择区域Subtract from Selection Alt 减选择区域 Magic Wand [魔棒工具]Add Color to Selection Shift+Click 添加颜色选择Contiguous选项打开Add Range of Colors toSelection Shift+Drag 拖动鼠标框选区域内颜色都选中Remove Color from Selection Ctrl+Click 减选择原文Alt+ClickRemove Range of Colors from Sel Alt+Drag 拖动鼠标从存在的选择区减框选颜色 Adjuster Tools [调节工具]Layer Adjuster Shift+Alt+Ctrl 移动图层原文Ctrl除导航形状选择Selection Adjuster Shift+Alt+Ctrl 移动图层部分被选择的区域Shape Selection Tool Ctrl 使用形状工具时变形状选择 Layer Adjuster [调节工具]Duplicate Alt+Drag 复制图层成同名图层Move Layer by One Screen Pixel Arrow keys 按方向间移动图层1像素Hide/Display Marquee Ctrl+Shift+H 显示隐藏定界框Attribute Dialog Box for Current Layer Enter 回车显示当前图层信息Adjust Opacity in 10% increment 1 to 0 keys 按数字1-0控制图层透明度Select All Layers Shift+Alt+A 选择全部图层适用MAC,Shift选每层Deselect Layers Shift+Alt+D 取消选中的层,选择Canvas层Mac用Select/Deselect Mode Ctrl+Shift 通过单击,跳转到画面内容所在图层 Selection Adjuster [选区调节]Reposition Click 选区内部拖动 移动选区Duplicate Alt+Drag 复制选区Move Selection by One Screen Pi Arrow keys 选择canvas,按方向键移动选区1像素Delete Current Selection Delete Backspace 删除当前选区Select/Deselect Mode Shift 选择调节模式 Free Transform [自由变形]Resize Corner handles 调节控制点Resize/Preserve Aspect Shift+Corner handles强制比例Resize/One Dimension Side handles 在四个中点上向单独方向变形Skew Ctrl+Side handles在四个中点上-切变Rotate Ctrl+Corner handles在四个顶点上-旋转 Shape Tools [形状工具]Shape Selection Tool Toggle Ctrl 变形状选择工具++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Shape Design Tools [形状编辑]Pen [钢笔工具]Add to Current Point Click last point添加曲线先点击最后一点Shape Design [形状设计]Add to Current Endpoint Click and draw from endpoint添加最后一点 Shape Objects Tools [形状对象]Rectangle Constrain to Square Shift 强制正方形Circle Constrain to Circle Shift 强制正圆形 Shape Selection Tool [形状选择]Direct Selection [直接选择]Select Start Point of Shape Home 当曲线其中一点选中时，选择开始点Select End Point of Shape End 当曲线其中一点选中时，选择结束点Select Previous Point in Shape Page Up 当曲线其中一点选中时，选择上一点Select Next Point in Shape Page Down 当曲线其中一点选中时，选择结束点Move Path by One Screen Pixel Arrow keys 用方向键移动1像素Delete Selected (closed) Shape Backspace 删除一点 Animation [动画控制] 可一读入avi文件并保存成frm格式Play Movie Ctrl+Shift+P 播放动画First Frame of Stack Home 跳到起始帧Last Frame of Stack End 跳到结束帧Next Frame Page Up 上一帧Previous Frame Down 预览就是下一帧Stop at Current Frame Alt+Stop 更新帧堆栈面板上显示的帧Stop and Return to Current Starting Frame Ctrl 停止在帧堆栈当前指定的帧 Lighting [灯光控制]Lighting Mover Shift+Ctrl+L 灯光管理 Layer Section Tools [图层片断]Group Ctrl+G 成组Ungroup Ctrl+U 打开组 Mosaics [马赛克 ] 在画布菜单打开建立马赛克对话框Get Tile Color Ctrl+Click 改变瓦片前景色原文Alt+Click Get Tile Shape Ctrl+Click 或取点击处的瓦片形状设置Delete Tile Shift+Click 删除瓦片Select All Tiles A 选择全部瓦片Deselect All Tiles D 取消选择瓦片Change Selected Tiles to Current Color C 选中瓦片改变前景色，按cTint Selected Tiles with Current Color T 选中瓦片逐渐变为前景色Vary Color of Selected Tiles V 屏幕重绘在填色或绘制时的选择状GNOMON视频上扒的.绝对受用抓手 空格画笔笔头大小 [ ] 按住Ctrl + Alt 在画布上拉圆形.圆形直径即是画笔直径.画笔不透明度10% - 100% 数字键 1 - 0 放大缩小视图 按住ctrl 点 + 和 - （这个我设在数位板的按键上）后退 Ctrl+Z [只能后退32步]切换到移动工具 按住 Ctrl切换到吸管工具 按住 Alt画直线 shift显示整个画面 ctrl+0 [数字键零]自由旋转画布 E 旋转后锁定 G 还原画布鼠标双击放大缩小 M自由画笔 B 直线画笔 V油漆桶 K前景色背景色切换 Shift+X 隐藏所有面版 Tabctrl+/ ctrl+F 是自动默认快捷键.重复上一次操作.一般常用 水平翻转.填充.缩放.旋转注：水平翻转很有用.长时间做画容易产生视觉疲劳.水平翻转后会很容易发现画面出现的问题.在 Effects - Orien tation自由旋转画布 空格 + Alt 再加上shift 90-180度之间切换晾干数码水彩 ctrl + shift + L新建图层 ctrl + shift + N图片储存 ctrl + shift + S调整颜色 ctrl + shift + A自由变换 ctrl + alt + T (选区选取然后用移动工具选取出来.这时选取的部分就自动建立一个新图层.因为PT部分功能还不完善.所以局部调整比较麻烦.图层蒙版通道远没有PS做的完善)亮度对比度 ctrl + shift + B 反向 ctrl + i调整局部位置 ctrl + C ctrl + shift + Vpinter数码水彩的干燥问题.pt9.5之前的版本.文件保存RIF格式.再打开时画面自动干燥.画面不能再修改.只能以颜色叠加的模式继续作画. 9.5以后这个问题得到了解决.保存RIF文件后.数码水彩不会自动干燥.可以继续修改.所以推荐使用IX 9.5之后的版本.关于Painter的BUG.BUG 1：使用水彩笔（生成了水彩图层）如果再使用橡皮（N）擦除，这是当使用撤销命令（ctrl+z）撤销了橡皮的擦除时，再使用笔画会出现擦除部位变成白色一个方框，形成一个不可逆的破坏.此时只能合并图层才能解决（Painter IX.5德丰工作室汉化版和Painter X英文版都出现一样的情况.非汉化问题）解决方法是在使用橡皮擦时，最好不好使用工具条中的橡皮擦工具(默认快捷键N)！而应该使用“对应画笔笔头的橡皮擦笔头”才可以正常显示!也就是说在使用水彩笔的时候，如果想擦除就要在“水彩笔”的笔头列表中选择Eraser 开头的笔头，比如Eraser Wet、Eraser Dry等等，擦除完后想继续画就再更改回正常的绘画笔头就OK了! 所谓的每种笔头的专用橡皮擦，与其说是“擦除掉”画布上的颜色，不如说是“涂”上了白色而已！BUG 2：用套索工具选取选区.然后移动工具选取出来.建立了一个新图层.这时缩放或旋转.会发现选取缩放后的部分会形成一个白方框.合并图层后白框依然存在.解决方法是用自由变换.不要用缩放.旋转那就没办法了（只有旋转和缩放纯在这样的BUG.扭曲.自由变换.水平翻转...都没有出现问题）2023-08-01 03:03:241
拼接用英语怎么说？
拼接的意思是接在一起，现在还是很流行各种拼接的设计。那么你知道吗?现在跟我一起学习关于拼接的英语知识吧。 拼接的英语说法 joint joggle split joint 拼接的相关短语 拼接板 {土} splice plate; 拼接带 {材} splicing tape; 拼接桁架 joggle truss; 拼接梁 joggle beam; 拼接木枕 spliced wooden sleeper; 拼接的英语例句 1. All field splices were bolted using ASTM A 325 hex head bolts. 所有现场拼接都用美国材料试验协会的A325六角形头螺栓. 2. We butted two boards for a makeshift bed. 我们把两块木板拼接起来临时作床用. 3. The application of sub - aperture stitching in optical flat was researched. 研究子孔径拼接在长平晶测试中的应用. 4. Go to mirror an instance of the board and attach it. 映象复制,并拼接到一起? 5. If the abstract, mosaic, Plot portfolio and so forth. 如抽象的, 拼接的, 情节性组合的等等. 6. A film adhesive for bonding aluminum honeyb core materials was develope. 研制了一种铝蜂窝芯材拼接胶膜. 7. bination Armoire that you can customize to fit room. 实现拼接功能的展示柜,满足客户化定制需要. 8. A gateway splices together two different kinds of protocols. 闸道器可拼接两种不同的协议. 9. Key products include electronic LED screen, one - touch, pla *** a screens and mosaic works. 主要产品包括LED电子屏 、 触控一体机 、 等离子屏及拼接工程. 10. In receiving real - time video, mosaic imaging shall be generated in real time. 在接收 实时 下传的视讯影象时, 需要实时生成相应的视讯拼接影象. 11. The table can be framed together by using a screwdriver. 桌子可以用螺丝刀拼接到一起. 12. It could be extremely different to make tile boundaries appear seamless. 接着要建立菱形图素的无缝拼接. 13. A novel optical 3 - D sensing method using sign mosaics is proposed. 提出一种采用标记拼接的新的光学三维感测方法. 14. A chair and ottoman can bee a chaise when put together. 全新设计的沙发椅+脚蹬,拼接起来可以作为躺椅使用. 15. Air Curtain Display Cabinet The material of appearance is collision. 风幕陈列柜外观采用优质防撞型材,不变形,耐腐蚀,无缝拼接,外观豪华气派. 1.准备的英文怎么说 2.演讲用英语怎么说 3.乐队用英语怎么说 4.固定用英语怎么说 5.讲座用英语怎么说 6.18的英文怎么读2023-08-01 03:03:421
急 罗马斗兽场英文简介
Colosseo is a station on Line B of the Rome Metro. It was opened on 10 February 1955 and is located, as its name suggests, in the Monti rione on via del Colosseo near the Colosseum. The station is currently involved in the works preparing for the Metro"s Line C.Its atrium houses mosaics from the Artemetro Roma Prize. They are by Pietro Dorazio (Italy), Kenneth Noland (USA) and Emil Schumacher (Germany)[1]. Its main exit is in front of the Colosseum, to the right of the arch of Constantine, whilst its other exit is on largo Agnesi towards San Pietro in Vincoli.2023-08-01 03:04:042
AI绘画MJ关键词哥特式艺术篇
AI绘画MJ关键词哥特式艺术篇Cathedrals — 大教堂Stained Glass Windows — 彩色玻璃窗Flying Buttresses — 飞扶壁Ribbed Vaults — 弧形拱顶Gargoyles — 石雕滴水嘴Rose Windows — 玫瑰花窗Pointed Arches — 尖拱门Grotesques — 石像怪物Tracery — 石窗饰Sculptural Details — 雕塑细节Tall Spires — 高耸尖塔Ornate Capitals — 装饰性柱头Gothic Revival — 哥特复兴Religious Iconography — 宗教图像Detailed Woodwork — 细致的木工Medieval Castles — 中世纪城堡Ecclesiastical Art — 教会艺术Manuscript Illumination — 手抄本装饰Saints and Angels — 圣人与天使Heraldic Motifs — 纹章图案Religious Narrative Scenes — 宗教叙事场景Arched Doorways — 拱形门廊Decorative Ironwork — 装饰性铁艺Medieval Tapestries — 中世纪挂毯Stone Carvings — 石雕Church Interiors — 教堂内部Medieval Towns — 中世纪城镇Mystical Symbolism — 神秘象征主义Gothic Manuscripts — 哥特手抄本Sacred Art — 神圣艺术Stylized Foliage — 风格化的叶子Religious Processions — 宗教游行Medieval Saints — 中世纪圣人Ecclesiastical Architecture — 教堂建筑Medieval Marketplaces — 中世纪市场Manuscript Calligraphy — 手抄本书法Altarpieces — 祭坛画Medieval Warfare — 中世纪战争Ecclesiastical Vestments — 教会礼服Medieval Illuminated Letters — 中世纪彩绘字母Religious Devotion — 宗教虔诚Medieval Knights — 中世纪骑士Decorative Floor Tiles — 装饰地砖Medieval Festivals — 中世纪节日Iconic Cathedrals — 标志性大教堂Medieval Manuscript Borders — 中世纪手抄本边框Crucifixion Scenes — 耶稣钉在十字架上的场景Medieval Monasteries — 中世纪修道院Ecclesiastical Choir Stalls — 教堂唱经席Medieval Heraldry — 中世纪纹章学Mystical Creatures — 神秘生物Medieval Painted Ceilings — 中世纪彩绘天花板Ecclesiastical Mosaics — 教堂马赛克Medieval Jousting — 中世纪骑士比武St.ained Glass Rose Windows — 彩色玻璃玫瑰花窗Gothic Sculpture — 哥特式雕塑Medieval Pilgrimages — 中世纪朝圣Ecclesiastical Relics — 教会圣物2023-08-01 03:04:202
以动物收留所为话题写一篇英语作文
您好： More and more people in the past think the simplicity of life. The bridge, cattle, smoke Niao niao...... This kind of life can only be found in Tang and song literature. With the development of modern urban life is imminent, the loneliness will spontaneously. This time, look at look at the animals, flowers and plants, is a kind of spiritual consolation. Do we have any reason not to pay attention to the peacock, is an animal? The world"s most beautiful animals. For aesthetic considerations, mosaics, murals, paintings of the peacock figure appeared in the from ancient times till now. In nineteenth Century, it represents a rich, luxurious and beautiful, the new arts and crafts artist with peacock to decorate pottery, metal, jewelry and glass. In some places. Peacock feathers are also used to float making headwear, hats, helmets, bows and arrows and fishermen. The ant is a mighty army, they live in all parts of the polar ice caps outside in the world. It is estimated that the weight of all the ants for half the weight of all the insects. In literary works, the ant is portrayed as a fantasy希望对您的学习有帮助【满意请采纳】O(∩_∩)O谢谢欢迎追问O(∩_∩)O~祝学习进步2023-08-01 03:05:501
《Mine!》txt下载在线阅读全文,求百度网盘云资源
《Mine!》（ Shutta Crum and Patrice Barton）电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/150zv5b2pzO7RdMt4Di5r8w 提取码: 6c96书名：Mine!作者：Shutta Crum and Patrice Barton出版社：Knopf Books for Young Readers出版年份：2011-6-14页数：32内容简介：Have you ever had a toy you really really liked? Have you ever had a lot of toys you really really liked?Have you ever said "MINE!"?作者简介：It"s always difficult to introduce myself, and "What do you do?" is a hard question to answer. I do so many things! I"m a children"s author and a poet. But I"m also a lecturer, a teacher, a mother, a grandmother, a retired librarian, an educator, a Kentuckian and a Michigander, as well as someone who is intoxicated by color and 3-d doodling. (I make quilts, do mosaics, and glue together strange things I find, when I"m not writing.)Where to start? I think the beginning is best, for storytelling was in my family"s blood long before I was born. So . . . I was born in Kentucky. And it was fortunate for me that I happened to be born in the mountains where telling "whoppers" and listening to tall tales long into the night is part of the Appalachian heritage. In those dark and scrawny hollers (narrow valleys) I"d cling to my father"s tall legs and stare wide-eyed as I listened to the hair-raising tales my relatives told. We are all big talkers in our family. "Yeaaah, buddy!" (This phrase is Kentuckian for "That"s the truth!" To say it right, ya gotta drag out that "a" in the first word.) So don"t ya doubt it, Kentucky has rightfully claimed a huge hunk of my heart.If so, this book is for you!Enjoy this adorable, playful, picture-based book about two very young children and an adorable dog navigating the troubles and triumphs of sharing.2023-08-01 03:06:051
关于文化的英语名言
1、小企业看老板，中企业看制度，大企业看文化。 Small businesses look at bosses, medium enterprises look at systems, and large enterprises look at culture. 2、没有钱，没有社会地位，没有文化，人很难掌握自己的命运。 Without money, social status and culture, it is difficult for people to control their own destiny. 3、他是有理想，没道德，有文化，没纪律的复合型人才。 He is a pound talented person with ideal, no morality, no culture and no discipline. 4、文化不会因为一个国家的贫穷，而失掉它的价值。 Culture will not lose its value because of a country"s poverty. 5、报刊是促进人民的文化和智育发展的强大杠杆。 Newspapers and periodicals are powerful levers to promote the development of people"s culture and intellectual education. 6、文化不能从上向下压，因为它应该是从下面高涨起来的。 Culture can"t be pushed down from the top, because it should rise from the bottom. 7、文化不过是代代累积沉淀的习惯和信念，渗透在生活的实践中。 Culture is just the habit and belief accumulated and precipitated from generation to generation, which permeates the practice of life. 8、中国的长期封建社会中，创造了灿烂的古代文化。 In China"s long feudal society, brilliant ancient culture was created. 9、文化，是语言的条件，同时也是它的产物。 Culture is not only the condition of language, but also the product of it. 10、现在中国文化需要上课的人，比需要下课的人多。 Nowadays, Chinese culture needs more people to attend classes than to finish classes. 11、人是人的作品，是文化、历史的产物。 Man is the work of man, the product of culture and history. 12、我们称人类对环境所做的改变为文化，即精神指导肉体的结果。 We call the changes that humans make to the environment the result of culture, that is, spiritual guidance of the body. 13、文化的旅程是苦，是涩，在这千年的叹息中讲述苦旅。 The journey of culture is bitter and astringent, telling bitter journey in the sigh of this millennium. 14、大和民族和中国的文化同门同种，甚至日本文化的根，就是中国文化的一脉。 Dahe nationality is the same as Chinese culture, and even the root of Japanese culture is the same line of Chinese culture. 15、贫农特别吃没有文化的亏，特别需要受教育。 Poor peasants suffer from illiteracy and need education in particular. 16、教育不是产业是事业。文化是状态不是变态。 Education is not an industry but a career. Culture is state, not metamorphosis. 17、文化的关系应是吸收和融合，绝不是掠夺与征服。 The relationship beeen culture should be absorption and integration, not plunder and conquest. 18、书不仅是生活，而且是现在过去和未来文化生活的源泉。 Books are not only the source of life, but also the source of cultural life in the past and in the future. 19、物质的解放是人类文化与精神解放的必要条件。 Material emancipation is a necessary condition for human cultural and spiritual emancipation. 20、我们需要文化，就像需要空气一样。 We need culture, just as we need air. 21、历史是知识分子文化活动的结果。 History is the result of intellectuals"cultural activities. 22、阅读是汲取知识文化最直接的手段，而深阅读则是对知识文化的融会贯通。 Reading is the most direct means to absorb knowledge culture, while deep reading is the integration of knowledge culture. 23、只有读者有精神粮食可以消费，那文学才能一直活下去！ Only when readers have spiritual food to consume, can literature live forever! 24、真正的文化以同情和赞美为生，而不是以憎厌和轻蔑为生。 True culture lives on passion and praise, not hatred and contempt. 25、一个人的文化程度可以表示一个人的心德。 A person"s educational level can express a person"s morality. 26、企业文化是找寻新工作的标准。 Corporate culture is the criterion for finding new jobs. 27、强权做不到的，是文化的力量，将无异议的碎片组成有意义的拼图。 What power cannot do is the power of culture, which makes meaningful mosaics of undisputed fragments. 28、克服民族性是文化的胜利。 Overing nationality is the triumph of culture. 29、酒是没有国籍的，它是一种世界通用的特殊形态的文化语言。 Liquor has no nationality. It is a special form of cultural language monly used in the world. 30、世界文化的未来，就是中国文化的复兴。 The future of world culture is the revival of Chinese culture. 31、文化越高，劳动越受重视。 The higher the culture, the more attention paid to labor. 32、地理环境决定文化的发展，而文化的传统会影响历史的进程。 Geographical environment determines the development of culture, and cultural tradition will influence the process of history. 33、知识是珍贵宝石的结晶，文化是宝石放出的光泽。 Knowledge is the crystallization of precious gemstones and culture is the luster of gemstones. 34、审美的感官需要文化修养……借助修养才能了解美，发现美。 Aesthetic senses need cultural acplishment... Only by virtue of self-cultivation can we understand and discover beauty. 35、文化是小康之后老百姓才去想的事儿。 Culture is something that the mon people do not think about until they are well-off. 36、我的脑子里没有文化，没有人性的和谐。我不能再过没有文化的生活了。 There is no culture in my mind and no harmony of human nature. I can"t live without culture any more. 37、不伴随力量的文化，到明天将成为灭绝的文化。 Culture without power will bee extinct tomorrow. 38、对付男人得有智慧，女人可以没文化，但不能没智慧。 Men need wisdom. Women can be illiterate, but not without wisdom.2023-08-01 03:06:191
英语短文:丘比特和赛克的爱情故事，200字左右
The Cupid and Prosecco love story2023-08-01 03:06:303
《庞贝：最新解密》在线免费观看百度云资源,求下载
《庞贝：最新解密》百度网盘高清资源免费在线观看:链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1xcRKfpnoNhdZ6G5teBQ9jQ?pwd=v6wp 提取码: v6wp 《庞贝：最新解密》导演: Ian A Hunt编剧: Mary Beard主演: Mary Beard类型: 纪录片、历史制片国家/地区: 英国语言: 英语上映日期: 2016-03-03片长: 1hr又名: 庞贝：灾难降临之前Professor Mary Beard, renowned classicist and TV historian, is to explore what life was like in one of the world"s most extraordinary and iconic archaeological sites, in Pompeii: Life Before Death, a new landmark programme for BBC One. Mary Beard – a world Pompeii expert and author of Pompeii: Life Of A Roman Town – will be joining an international team as they bring the very latest technology to bear on this most extraordinary of archaeological sites. Mary Beard says: “This is a really exciting chance to find out more about the ordinary people who lived in ancient Pompeii. It"s a once in a lifetime opportunity. I"m hoping we"re going to unlock some if the secrets about who the people were.” For the first time, a team is CT scanning and fully investigating the world-famous casts of the bodies to analyse the skeletons trapped within, to ascertain all they can about who they were, where they came from and how they lived. A team is also conducting DNA analysis of the bodies for the first time. Elsewhere, the documentary will follow the work of recovering damaged frescoes and mosaics, the excavation and rebuilding of certain key buildings and the organisation and cataloguing of the thousands of astonishing artefacts in the storerooms – from loaves of bread to pet monkeys, paint pots to purses. It will shine a light on the work of archaeologists who are exploring the third of the town that has never been excavated, and will present a unique first look at the complete Pompeii in stunning CGI. Using the evidence gleaned from all this research, the BBC One film will piece together a full picture of daily life in Pompeii before the town was destroyed by the eruption of Vesuvius in AD79.2023-08-01 03:06:371
关于景观设计的书你会推荐哪几本?
最近比较好的景观书籍如下： Anita Berrizbeita and Linda Pollak. Inside/Outside: Between Architecture and Landscape (1999) 很多个例 Julia Czerniak, ed. Downsview Park Toronto (2001) 非常热的东东 James Corner. Taking Measures Across the American Landscape (1999) Gina Crandell & Heidi Landecker, eds. Designed Landscape Forum I (1998) 很多个例 Richard Forman. Land Mosaics (1996) 哈佛教授的书 John Dixon Hunt. Greater Perfections: The Practice of Garden Theory (2000) 宾大教授的书 Dan Kiley & Jane Amidon. Dan Kiley: The Complete Works of America"s Master Landscape Architect (1998) Kiley作品全集 Bernard Lassus. The Landscape Approach (1998) 法国教授的书 Anuradha Mathur & Dilip da Cunha. Mississippi Floods: Designing a Shifting Landscape (2001) 妇唱夫随，图片漂亮 Allen S. Weiss. Mirrors of Infinity: The French Formal Garden and 17th-century Metaphysics (1995) Allen S. Weiss. Unnatural Horizons: Paradox and Contradiction in Landscape Architecture (1998) 文集： Jan Birksted, ed. Landscapes of Memory and Experience (2000) Jan Birksted, ed. Relating Architecture to Landscape (1999) Michel Conan, ed. Environmentalism in Landscape Architecture (2001) 回顾景观师20年来关注环境的业绩 Michel Conan, ed. Perspectives on Garden Histories (1999) 回顾各国园林史学史近25年来的发展 James Corner, ed. Recovering Landscape: Essays in Contemporary Landscape Architecture (1999) 当前主要的论文集也 Denis Cosgrove, ed. Mappings (1999) Georges Teyssot, ed. The American Lawn: The Surface of Everyday Life (1999) George Thompson & Frederick Steiner, eds. Ecological Design and Planning (1996) 文集里面Corner, Meyer, Olin的文章特别棒。2023-08-01 03:06:541
corel painter11的 快捷键
数字键0~9：opacity (与PS、Illustrator一样) Q 曲线shape W 魔术棒 E 旋转页面 R 方形选择 (Ctrl+Alt+R ：方形选择＋) T 文字输入 P 钢笔 Y 节点编辑 A 钢笔＋ X 钢笔- I 方形状 O 椭圆选择(Ctrl+Alt+o ：圆选择＋) S 调整选域 (Ctrl+Alt+S ：复制选域+) F 调整layer H shape选择 D 吸管 G 平移 (Ctrl+Alt+G ：缩小) J 圆形状 K 填充桶 L 索套 E 剪刀 C 裁剪 V 直线brush 重要 B 自由brush 重要 U clone color的应用/否 重要 N color talk对话框 M 放大镜 [ 笔刷尺寸缩小 与PS、Illustrator一样 ] 笔刷尺寸缩小 与PS、Illustrator一样 Ctrl与其它键组合的快捷键 Ctrl+1 工具板 +2 Brush面板 +3 Art Materials 材料设定面板 重要 +4 Object 图层等面板 重要 +5 Contrals 控制面板 +6 Color 色彩面板 +7 Brush contrals 笔刷控制面板 重要 +“＋”放大 与PS、Illustrator一样 +“－”缩小与PS、Illustrator一样 +“[” 设定stroke属性的对话框 +“]” 复制shape (或按Alt键移动，与PS一样) +E (+/) Equalize 色阶变化对话框 +R Reselect再次选择 +I File Infornation 文件信息 +F(+“；”) Fill设定对话框 +H 所有浮动面板显/隐 Shift+Ctrl+其它键的组合快键 Shift+Ctrl++R Resize 重新定义尺寸 +T Color Set +A Adjust Color调整色彩 +F Color Correction对话框 +L Lighting Mover 光线设定对话框 +B Brightness/Contrast对话框 +M Auto Mask对话框工具名称 中文注释 快捷键 简要说明 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ MagnifierGrabberRotate PagePerspectiveCropBrushPaint BucketDropper [放大镜 ][平移 ][旋转画布][ ][剪裁 ][画笔 ][颜料桶 ][点滴器 ] MGE. CBKD 缩放屏幕按Alt缩小 平移屏幕 旋转画布,双击后还原 剪裁画面 切换到上次使用的画笔属性管理中设单色渐变复制编织图案 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Selection ToolsRectangular SelectionOval Selection OLassoMagic Wand [选择工具][矩形选择][椭圆选择][套索 ][魔棒工具] shift加ctrl减altRoLW 平移后添加新选区建立矩形选区 建立椭圆形选区建立矩形选区 颜色建立选区可直接调选项变化选区 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Adjuster ToolsLayer AdjusterSelection AdjusterShape Selection [调节工具] [图层调节][选区调节] [形状选择] FSH 拖动选区变为新图层无选区作用整层 调节选区形状 选择矢量图形 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Shape Design ToolsPenShape DesignText [形状设计] [钢笔工具][自由形状][植字工具] PQT 画出路径 手绘路径 文字确定后变矢量元素每元素占一层 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Shape Object ToolsRectangular ShapeOval Shape [形状对象] [矩形对象][椭圆对象] IJ 画矩形 画椭圆 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Shape Edit ToolsAdd PointConvert PointRemove Point [形状调节] [形状剪刀][添加节点][曲线调节][删除节点] Scissors ZAYX 对于填充的删除填充,线对象则断开 对路径添加节点对手柄调节删除路径节点 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Palette CommandsToolboxBrushesArt MaterialsObjectsControlsColor SetBrush Controls [调色板 ] [工具箱 ] [画笔选择] [艺术原料] [对象 ] [属性控制] [方格色板] [画笔控制] Ctrl+1Ctrl+2Ctrl+3Ctrl+4Ctrl+5Ctrl+6Ctrl+7 显隐工具箱 显隐选择画笔 显隐颜色图案渐变纸纹布纹等 显隐层蒙板图像元件选择元件动态层 显隐控制当前工具的属性 显隐以方格显示的选色斑 显隐常规尺寸间隔角度硬度厚涂等等 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ File Menu CommandsNewOpenCloseSaveGet InfoPrintQuit [文件菜单] [新建文档] [打开文档] [关闭文档] [保存文档] [文档信息] [打印文档] [退出软件] Ctrl+NCtrl+OCtrl+WCtrl+SCtrl+I Ctrl+P Ctrl+Q 新建文档对话框可选图形还是动画 打开以存在的文档 关闭当前文档 保存当前文档 为文档添加信息www map default URL 打印当前文档 退出本软件 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Edit Menu CommandsUndoRedoCutCopyPaste [编辑菜单] [撤消操作] [重做操作] [剪切 ] [拷贝 ] [粘贴 ] Ctrl+ZCtrl+YCtrl+XCtrl+CCtrl+V 撤消上次操作 重做操作 剪切 拷贝 粘贴 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Canvas Menu CommandsTracing PaperResize Image [画布菜单] [描图纸 ] [图像尺寸] Ctrl+TS+Ctr+R 配合文件菜单的克隆和克隆来源使用 重定义图像强制选项可以还原尺寸 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Effects Menu CommandsLast EffectSecond to Last EffectFillEqualize [效果菜单] [上次效果] [二次效果] [填充 ] [层次调节] Ctrl+/Ctrl+;Ctrl+FCtrl+E 显示上一次使用的效果名称 上次被新效果代替上次下移到二次 填充原色图案渐变布纹 通过定义最亮值最暗值来调节图像 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Select Menu CommandsSelect AlDeselectReselect [选择菜单] [全选 ] [取消选择] [重复选择] Ctrl+ACtrl+DCtrl+R 全选 取消选取框 重复上次选择 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Shapes Menu CommandsJoin EndpointsDuplicateSet Shape Attributes [形状菜单] [加结束点] [复制形状] [设置形状] Ctrl+JCtrl+]Ctrl+[ 选择开放路径的两个端点使之封闭 复制形状结果比原来的大一些 设置形状的描边和填充效果 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Window Menu CommandsHide/Display PalettesZoom InZoom OutFull Screen Window [窗口菜单] [隐调色板] [放大视图] [缩小视图] [全屏显示] Ctrl+HCtrl++Ctrl+-Ctrl+M 控制调色板的显示和隐藏 放大 缩小 全屏 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Screen NavigationCenter ImageZoom In Zoom OutRotate ImageConstrain Rotate to 90 Screen to Default View [屏幕导航] [居中显示] [放大视图] [缩小视图] [旋转画布] [90度旋转] [恢复视图] Spacebar+ClickSpacebar+Ctrl+Click Spacebar+Ctrl+Alt +ClickSpacebar+Alt+DragSpace+Alt+Shift+Drag Space+Alt+Click 空格加单击滚动条等同于Ctrl++ 等同于Ctrl+-旋转画布 强迫画布90度旋转 恢复旋转后的视图 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Expandable PaletteScroll ContentsonOpen/Close triangle [面板导航] [面板滚动] [面板三角] Alt+Click+Drag Shift+Click 不会误改面板设置 面板上所有三角开 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Brush ToolBrush ControlsDropperLayer AdjusterResize BrushIncrease Current BrushDecrease Current BrushConstrain to 45 degrees Adjust opacityUnconstrained DrawDraw OutsideDraw Inside [画笔工具][画笔控制] [扩大当前画笔尺寸] [缩小当前画笔尺寸] ctrlShift+Alt+CtrlAlt+CtrlAlt+Shift1 to 0 keysShift+1Shift+2Shift+3 变成点滴器原文是Alt 移动图层原文Ctrl 画笔直径大小原文Shift+Alt+Ctrl 强制45度或垂直调节画笔透明度每次百分之10 画笔绘画不受选择区域的限制 画笔绘画在选择区域的外面 画笔绘画在选择区域的里面 Load Nozzle Ctrl+L 读取喷嘴用图案 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ CloningSet Clone Source Set Clone Destination [克隆工具] AltAlt+Shift 克隆点与画笔相对位置不变模式 选择来源点原文Alt+Shift ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ColorsCorrect Colors Toggle Between 1 and 2 Colors [画笔颜色] Shift+KCtrl+Shift+K 颜色修正对话框原文Shift+X 在主颜色和次颜色之间切换 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ GradationsEdit Gradient Adjust Spiral [画笔渐变] Ctrl+Shift+GerCtrl+Angle Adjust 前景和背景渐变设置对话框 按Ctrl键按圈数调节否则按角度 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Paint BucketLimit Fill ExtentDropperLayer Adjuster [颜料桶 ] DragctrlShift+Alt+Ctrl 拖动鼠标出现可变矩形区域进行填充变成点滴器原文是Alt 移动图层原文Ctrl ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Selection ToolsRectangle, Oval,LassoConstrain to Square or Circle Add to Selection [选择工具] ShiftShiftSubtract from Selection Alt 包括矩形,椭圆,套索 强迫正方形和正圆 添加选择区域 减选择区域 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Magic WandAdd Color to Selection Add Range of Colors toSelection Remove Color from SelectionRemove Range of Colors from Sel [魔棒工具] Shift+ClickShift+Drag Alt+Drag 添加颜色选择Contiguous选项打开 拖动鼠标框选区域内颜色都选中 Ctrl+Click 减选择原文Alt+Click 拖动鼠标从存在的选择区减框选颜色 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Adjuster ToolsLayer AdjusterSelection Adjuster Shape Selection Tool [调节工具] Shift+Alt+CtrlShift+Alt+CtrlCtrl 移动图层原文Ctrl除导航形状选择 移动图层部分被选择的区域 使用形状工具时变形状选择 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Layer AdjusterDuplicateMove Layer by One Screen PixelHide/Display Marquee Attribute Dialog Box for Current LayerAdjust Opacity in 10% incrementSelect All LayersDeselect LayersSelect/Deselect Mode [调节工具] Alt+DragArrow keysCtrl+Shift+HEnter1 to 0 keysShift+Alt+AShift+Alt+DCtrl+Shift 复制图层成同名图层 按方向间移动图层1像素 显示隐藏定界框 回车显示当前图层信息 按数字1-0控制图层透明度选择全部图层适用MAC,Shift选每层 取消选中的层,选择Canvas层Mac用 通过单击,跳转到画面内容所在图层 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Selection AdjusterReposition ClickDuplicateMove Selection by One Screen PiDelete Current Selection DeleteSelect/Deselect Mode [选区调节]选区内部拖动Alt+DragArrow keysBackspaceShift 移动选区 复制选区 选择canvas,按方向键移动选区1像素 删除当前选区 选择调节模式 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Free Transform Resize Corner handlesResize/Preserve Aspect Resize/One DimensionSkewRotate [自由变形]Shift+Corner handlesSide handlesCtrl+Side handlesCtrl+Corner 调节控制点 强制比例 在四个中点上向单独方向变形 在四个中点上-切变 handles在四个顶点上-旋转 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Shape ToolsShape Selection Tool ToggleShape Design ToolsPenAdd to Current PointShape Design Add to Current Endpoint [形状工具] [形状编辑] [钢笔工具] [形状设计] Ctrl 变形状选择工具 Click last point添加曲线先点击最后一点 Click and draw from endpoint添加最后一点 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Shape Objects ToolsRectangle Constrain to SquareCircle Constrain to Circle [形状对象] ShiftShift 强制正方形 强制正圆形 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Shape Selection ToolDirect SelectionSelect Start Point of ShapeSelect End Point of ShapeSelect Previous Point in ShapeSelect Next Point in ShapeMove Path by One Screen PixelDelete Selected (closed) [形状选择] [直接选择] HomeEndPage UpPage DownArrow keysShape Backspace 当曲线其中一点选中时，选择开始点 当曲线其中一点选中时，选择结束点 当曲线其中一点选中时，选择上一点 当曲线其中一点选中时，选择结束点 用方向键移动1像素删除一点 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ AnimationPlay MovieFirst Frame of StackLast Frame of StackNext Frame PagePrevious Frame Stop at Current FrameStop and Return to Current Starting Frame [动画控制]Ctrl+Shift+PHomeEndUpDownAlt+StopCtrl 可一读入avi文件并保存成frm格式播放动画 跳到起始帧 跳到结束帧 上一帧 预览就是下一帧 更新帧堆栈面板上显示的帧 停止在帧堆栈当前指定的帧 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ LightingLighting Mover [灯光控制] Shift+Ctrl+L 灯光管理 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Layer Section ToolsGroupUngroup [图层片断]Ctrl+GCtrl+U 成组 打开组 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ MosaicsGet Tile ColorGet Tile ShapeDelete TileSelect All TilesDeselect All TilesChange Selected Tiles to Current ColorTint Selected Tiles with Current ColorVary Color of Selected Tiles [马赛克 ]Ctrl+ClickCtrl+ClickShift+ClickADCTV 在画布菜单打开建立马赛克对话框改变瓦片前景色原文Alt+Click 或取点击处的瓦片形状设置 删除瓦片 选择全部瓦片 取消选择瓦片 选中瓦片改变前景色，按c 选中瓦片逐渐变为前景色 屏幕重绘在填色或绘制时的选择2023-08-01 03:07:151
英语作文 介绍好友
My friend I have a good friend.Her name is Mary.She is a beautiful girl. She has big eyes and long black hair.She is friendly to everyone.So she is very popular in our class.She is good at English. When I have trouble with English,she will help me out.I am happy to have such a friend My Best Friend I have a good friend named tommy.He is a clever boy.He has short hair.He is good at math,but I think math is very difficlt.He offen help me with my math.He doesn"t like Chinese.So I have to help him with his Chinese.We really enjoy help each other. I hope our friendship can keep long. My friendsYou read this topic, I might ask: "Plum is Shuiya? Why should we called her on the plum blossom is ? Buwan Perhaps you have asked the question, then, to listen to me slowly.She Jiaowang small Plum Pearl, is a lively and lovely little girl. She"s a black short hair, Liu Yemei the two mosaics under the two water Lingling"s eyes, in her nose Below sorghum, a Nengshuikuaidao mouth. Her skin is very white, no, is Bailitouhong, is the case, we call her "small plum blossom"Zida class after she and I will not talk about it is not a good friend, but it has an unimaginable thing.Remember that in the fourth grade, I and she is Tongzhuo, there is a final test. My answer is, she will touch the一不小心the only heard the "ah" out. I saw it, that I have just to touch her, ink Didao her papers, the All of a sudden, I just feel that the faces of Huo Lala, disclosed a cold sweat hearts hand, there are hundreds of heart portrait only ants climb over. Kaowan the trial, I had completely forgotten this matter, the rationale no rationale for her, playing out.Such as the papers down, I saw, I was 95 points, while Wang Pearl has only 87 points. At this time, the teacher said: "Wang Pearl Juanmian Bu Zhengqi, the deduction more than five minutes." After listening to these words, my heart like the 10,000 steel needlestick like me extremely uncomfortable. I hurried to her apology, but she Xiao Xiao said: "no!" But I see through: her smile is charming, gentle, very reluctantly, like what in disguise.On at this time, I understand: Wang Pearl is the kind of careful, I and her friendship is pure.Pure friendship forever, I and her friendship more pure!短的长的都有，谢谢采纳2023-08-01 03:07:221
求图！谁能帮我找到这张图的原始素材图 大小要在10M以上
不知道楼主英文怎么样 以下是这个图片所表示的信息30 Doradus, located in the heart of the Tarantula nebula, is the brightest star-forming region in our galactic neighborhood. It is home to several million young stars; among which live the most massive stars ever seen. The nebula resides 170,000 light-years away in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a small, satellite galaxy of our Milky Way. No known star-forming region in our galaxy is as large or as prolific as 30 Doradus. The image comprises one of the largest mosaics ever assembled from Hubble photos.图片太大了 麻烦楼主留下邮箱 随后会给你发过去2023-08-01 03:07:422
求有关动漫的英语单词
网王 The Price Of Tinnse2023-08-01 03:08:065
俞孔坚的资料
俞孔坚1995年获哈佛大学设计学博士，1997年回国创办北京大学景观设计学研究院，并在北京大学创办两个硕士学位点：景观设计学硕士和风景园林职业硕士。1998年创办国家甲级规划设计单位——北京土人景观与建筑规划设计研究院，目前已达350多人的国际知名设计院。出版著作15部，并完成大量城市与景观的设计项目；促成了景观设计师成为国家正式认定的职业，并推动了景观设计学科在中国的确立。俞孔坚，男，北京大学景观设计学研究院院长、教授,博士生导师。 北京大学城市与环境学院，城市与区域规划教授 北京土人景观与建筑规划设计研究院院长，首席设计师 1963年出生于浙江金华； 1987年获北京林业大学园林系硕士学位，并留校任教5年； 1995年获美国哈佛大学设计学博士学位，主攻景观规划和城市设计； 1995-1997年任职于美国SWA集团。 1998—北京大学城市与区域规划教授，博士生导师 2003—北京大学景观设计学研究院院长，教授，博士生导师 2010—北京大学建筑与景观设计学院院长，教授，博士生导师2023-08-01 03:08:331
bog oak造句 bog oakの例文 "bog oak"是什麼意思
Bog oak represents wood in the initial stages of the fossipzation process. Natural sources were also utipzed such as Connemara marble, bog oak , or mother of pearl. In Ireland, Bog oak was the favored style of Irish jewelry throughout the 19th century. Quapty reserves of bog oak are also available in parts of Russia, Croatia and the Ukraine. Bog oak has historically been harvested in the fens of eastern England and Irish peat bogs. The bog oak , jet black in appearance, was a very hard wood suitable for the purpose. Bog oak , wood that has been partially preserved by bogs, has been used in the manufacture of furniture. Jens is known to seek out and experiment with unusual materials for his basses pke 9000-year-old bog oak . An eighteen-year span of global coopng that is recorded in Irish bog oaks has been attributed to H-3. This consisted of a silver St . Brigid"s Cross mounted on a base of bog oak and Connemara marble. It"s difficult to see bog oak in a sentence. 用 bog oak 造句挺难的 Bog oak is created from fallen trees submerged under riverbeds, lakes, bogs and swamps for centuries and even millennia. The entrance is dominated by an aquarium, with missioned bog oak sculptures by local artist Joey Burns that portray Cavan history. Sometimes the furniture was blackened with popsh to match the very dark bog oak , native to Ireland, that was monly used in 17th-century furniture. Furniture includes a hutch cupboard inlaid with holly and bog oak from 1630 on a late 17th-century cupboard, o panel-back carved armchairs and a blanket chest. The only flashy ornament in the office was a spding door of bog oak plucked from a Scottish marsh and carbon-dated to 4, 000 years ago. In a side-chapel is a monument in coloured bog oak of Robert Curthose, eldest son of Wilpam the Conqueror and a great benefactor of the abbey, who was interred there. Today, modern drying techniques have made it possible to preserve larger planks of bog oak that are suitable for floor coverings, furniture, doors, window frames, and sculptures . [ 1] They gathered souvenirs along the way, scooping up bog oak brooches of castles and shamrocks in Ireland and micromosaics of the Colosseum in Rome, both also of interest to antique-jewelry collectors today. Even today, in many parts of the northern Isle, petrified wood can be found at about six feet below ground; repcs from this woodland, these are locally called " bog oaks ". His effigy carved in bog oak , however, pes on a mortuary chest decorated with the attributed arms of the Nine Worthies ( missing one Joshua, and replaced with the arms of Edward the Confessor ). Given its popularity as a luxury building material in the 18th and 19th centuries and the unique biological conditions required to produce bog oak , the global supply of high quapty reserves of this wood is extremely pmited. The Memorial was first unveiled on September 7, 2001 in Washington state, USA, as part of an ecumenical project with the names pst on printed handkerchiefs and a"coffin"represented in pressed peat moss ( Irish bog oak ). Ranging in hue from golden brown to ebony, bog oak is a naturally stained bog-wood ( also known as also known as abonos, black wood, and morta ) created from the trunks of trees that pved centuries, and even millenia, ago. In 1464, Robert Grosvenor added a chantry chapel which was demopshed in 1542 by order of Henry VIII . The Bog Oak chest housed in the Shakerley Chapel was used for many years to keep the Parish Register, vicars"robes, chapces and church documents. It stands on a vaulted foundation supported by a large number of long bog oak piles, which were driven through peat and soft clay down to a level of hard clay by pile driver, the weight for which was left in the corner of the churchyard for many years. Around the time of the radiocarbon-indicated date of the eruption, there is evidence for a significant cpmatic event in the Northern Hemisphere pke failure of crops in China ( see below ) and evidence from tree rings, cited above : bristlecone pines of Capfornia; bog oaks of Ireland, England, and Germany; and other trees in Sweden. Master craft *** an Eric Pearce would make the case for the book, and the display case too; Brian Clarke, jeweller, would provide the silver clasp for the box; the box itself, and the display case, in a nice touch, would be of wood from an elm planted by W . B . Yeats at Thoor Ballylee, with insets of Irish bog oak . It"s difficult to find bog oak in a sentence. 用 bog oak 造句挺难的2023-08-01 03:08:421
求几本关于像素艺术的书，具体如下
我们刚上过信息检索课..你可以先找下信息检索的相关内容，再去找，希望你可以找到 CNKI你查了没？那上面东西还是很全的你看看是不是下面这个，我在谷歌上找的，貌似是台 湾的一个大学的硕士论文，不是书，你上谷歌查吧，应该可以查到，我们的老师也是比较推崇用谷歌搜索的http://etds.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs/ntnugsweb.cgi?o=dntnucdr&i=sid=%22N2004000183%22.&searchmode=basic论文名称: PIXEL ART在马赛克图形应用创作之研究以中国传统吉祥图案转化为例 The Study on the Creation of the Pixel ART in Mosaics Decoration PATTERN-Applications in Transfiguring Chinese traditional auspicious patterns 研究生: 李小蕙 指导教授: 张柏舟 学位类别: 硕士(Master) 学校名称: 国立台湾师范大学 第一本那个..这个可能是，我没下http://www.xxdoc.com/all-zd1zdezd1zf4zcfzc2zb5zc4zbazcdzc6zbdzd2zbbzb4ze5z3azd2zbbzb2zbfzd3zebzc7ze0zb4zbazcfze0zd3zf6zb5zc4z50z49z58z45z4czb4zb4zd7zf7zbczaf-p0.html自己打开看看第二本我就实在找不到了，看题目应该也是个论文吧，希望我的回答可以帮助你，祝你论文顺利完成2023-08-01 03:08:511
van gogh in hollywood
{crowd chanting}Can-i-bus, Can-i-bus, Can-i-busCan-i-bus, Can-i-bus, Can-i-bus [2x][Hook: 2x]Can I rip it? (Yes you can!)Can I rip it? (Yes you can!)Can I rip it? (Yes you can!)Well I"m gone (Ohhhhhh!)[Verse 1]Yo, my brain races to create these lyrical mosaics like paintingsTo me record store and art galleries are merely the same thingI feel like I"m Rembrandt and my man Van Gogh is amazinCanibus is not some average rap patron, have patienceI went through changes, not being with the majors and all"Til my man Louie Lombard gave me a calland talked about some other way to cake offI thought hmmm.. I could make more, he said "Sure""I could put you in about three thousand stores,and get at least fifty thousand orders""Maybe more "Bus, who knows your fanbase is emormous"Well of course, look who I"ve toured with; WyclefI didn"t sell twenty million cuz it wasn"t my time yetI"m satisfied with the line up I rhyme withKool G Rap, Pharoahe Monch, and RakimIncluding future superstars I"ve worked with thus farLike Free, from 106 and ParkCanibusYou need to understand somethin; "Bus is rawRaw to the floor, raw like reservoirs,Auger mechanical mandible jaws, split you in halfAddicted to rippin jackers, but I rip a jackassBefore we battle, there"s two questions I have to askAre you carrying any firearms, and did you pack your bags?Cool, cuz I"ma make you feel real badAnd I"ma make you so mad, you"ll probably spazzI can see you tryna get me like they got BiggieSomewhere in the city, on a pretty day when I dressed in JiggyAnd I got security with meI"ll give you a buck-fifty so quickly,you won"t even know that ya nose drippingSo much blood on the floor, you might as well be pretendingto be mudwrestling a dozen bitches PMSingSounds kinda tempting, doesn"t it?Dissing me wasn"t really worth it, was it?I"m buggin, I know a lot of y"all loved itand tryed to convince the public to safe bug thisBut just think, I played y"all like a bunch of puppetsYou play Russian Roulette with a musket,and got busted in your own nuggetA twenty-one gun salute with no bullets and no trumpetsWhile the rain pours and the storm thundersYour rotten carcass smells so pungent, it turns my stomachAttracts the buzzards, on Fox Eyewitness News coverageRip the Jacker"s on the loose in London,he slipped through US customs and flew to DublinFrontin as a janitor in a school or somethinWorkin for little or nothin, I"m warnin you DON"T TRUST HIMHe"s a complete risk to the American publicAnd don"t ever call the law cuz he thinks he"s above itOutsmart him, out muscle him, or out hustle himYou can"t beat "em - join "em, you can"t join "em - fuck "emCan-I-Bus, either ya hate him or ya love him[Hook: 2x][Verse 2]Yeah yeah, I seen you at Ruby Tuesday"sWith a toupee, talkin on ya two-way -- you look gayNigga I don"t give a fuck about the games you playI gnaw on ya bones "til my teeth turn blue-grayOr turn yellow like I ain"t brushed in a few daysAnd the blood starts to taste like red toothpasteNigga this ain"t communion and that ain"t Kool-AidDelicacies the FDA won"t approve in the statesLike a little witche"s brew in your vanilla latteOr perhaps Filet of Dog in a Malaysian cafeIf I was a cook I would probably take a half dayClock out and never come back, you keep the back payThat"s some metaphorical shit, all you have AIs that why all you weirdos all attracted to me?Look at yourself, why you even listen to me?Listen to yourself, your constantly dissin meWell listen to this bitch, get off my DIf you don"t think that I"m the illest, that"s cool I don"t agreeI proved myself, time and time againGrippin mics like Heinekens, who want me to rhyme again?You could never expire the fire withinKillin me with a gun is easy, try a penFor the use it was intendedI don"t like to be the one to start the drama nigga,but I know how to end itKill yourself I"ll take the credit - get it?You see that way, things couldn"t work out more pleasant这个是在百度上下的2023-08-01 03:09:261
梵蒂冈英文介绍
梵蒂冈国官方网站，有权威齐全资料：http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/homepage.htm2023-08-01 03:09:342
急~~ 英语翻译 请高手帮忙，谢谢。100分送上。机器翻译的不要哦。
LCD splicing wall information release information Ddar Mr. / Ms. : Samsung electronics currently available for the control panel, joining with 46 inch 7.3 splicing effect of this best, the mm with 500-700 screen brightness, 1366 x 768 (9), display unit size display resolution 1025.6 mm x 579.8 mm, match with shock east company specializing in the production of controller, able to access the VGA, DVI, AV, YPBPR, S Video signal types of - and its image, the picture shows clearly distinct, rich in content, can give users the most variety of free space design, provide stunning display effect. The seismic technology (Hong Kong) Co., ltd., as the image processing field. The famous manufacturer, specialized in the design and manufacture of joining device has been in the domestic leading position and. The user needs to insist on industry center, technical innovation, constantly has advanced technology and the concept of the equipment. Through years of research and application, the company has accumulated rich experience and excellent comprehensive design scheme, the company since the date of the establishment of always adhering to the "integrity, innovation, service" business philosophy, and constantly introduce advanced technology sales personnel. The company LCD mosaics shock curtain display technology, based on samsung DID LCD display unit, set for the latest technology and liquid crystal display (LCD) east of soft hardware company special high-speed real-time mosaics. All control technology, the input signals can be free on wall window, full support of screen image, roaming, the paint of paint, stacking, scaling and other high-end display technology. The special DaBing controller for screen, can be tailored to maximise display unit effectiveness, widely used in network video conference.. Finance, securities, broadcasting and television, monitoring command, information release, digital education, airport hall, bars, stores, etc. Various industries, believe it was also set the overall development of the digital trades for users, bring brand-new visual experience DaBing super. For details, please login: http://www.zhendongtech.com Company of new foreign business. Install the door to door service. Commissioning. After all. The customer service training, let our service to win your trust. Bounded by 2010 China (shenzhen) consumer electronics exhibition, exhibition, electronic products, industrial safety products exhibition, welcome to visit the opportunity will instruct. Show time I hold exhibition site name of company2023-08-01 03:09:562
谁有3dmax的参考文献
摘要：3D Studio MAX 是Autodesk公司的子公司Kinetix推出的一种优秀的三维动画造型软件,它广泛用于游戏、广告、建筑等领域，是目前PC上最流行的三维动画造型软件。虚拟现实技术是计算机技术发展到一定阶段的产物，它使计算机适应人而不是人适应计算机，它的发展应用日益广泛、普及。本文拟就3DS MAX 在虚拟现实系统构建过程中的应用做一介绍。1.虚拟现实简介虚拟现实（VR）是一种由计算机和电子技术创造的新世界，是一个看似真实的模拟环境，通过多种传感设备用户可根据自身的感觉，使用人的自然技能对虚拟世界的物体进行考察或操作，参与其中的事件；同时提供视觉、听觉、触觉等多通道的信息，用户通过视、听、摸等直观而又自然的实时感知，并使参与者沉浸于模拟环境中。VR的三个最突出的特征，即它的3“I”特性：交互性（interactivity）、沉浸感（Illusion of Immersion）、想象（ imagination）。虚拟现实技术是在众多相关技术如计算机图形学、仿真技术、多媒体技术、传感器技术、人工智能的基础上发展起来的。虚拟现实技术在最近十年里获得了极大的发展，这主要归因于计算机软、硬件条件的飞速发展，以及虚拟现实专用设备价格的下降和性能的提高。目前虚拟现实技术已经获得了广泛的应用，而且日益普及，不仅在诸如NASA的大型工程得到应用，也出现在一些游戏中，在一些高档的PC机上甚至可以构建自己的个人PCVRS（个人虚拟现实系统）。设计一个虚拟现实系统除了硬件条件一般个人无法定制外，能够充分发挥个人能动性的就只能是在系统软的方面下功夫了。设计一个VR系统，首要的问题是创造一个虚拟环境，这个虚拟环境包括三维模型、三维声音等，在这些要素中，因为在人的感觉中，视觉摄取的信息量最大，反应亦最为灵敏，所以创造一个逼真而又合理的模型，并且能够实时动态地显示是最重要的。虚拟现实系统构建的很大一部分工作也是建造逼真合适的三维模型。2.3D Studio MAX 简介 3D Studio MAX是Kinetix公司推出的一套强大的三维建模软件,由于它是基于Win NT 或Win98平台的，方便易学，又因其相对低廉的价格优势,所以成为目前个人PC上最为流行的三维建模软件。其3.0版本的推出，更是巩固了它在个人PC平台上的地位。它的3.0版本相较以前的版本有了明显的改进,具体表现在以下几个方面:⑴ 工作流模式使得工作组的协调更容易，效率更高。3D Studio MAX R3引入了工作流模式，在具体的实现上从外部参考体系（XRef）、示意视图（Schematic View）的引入以及现在3D MAX 可以使用其他程序从外部加以控制，而不必激活它的工作界面。⑵ 易用性的改进。操作界面的改进是Release 3.0版本的最显著的变化，除了外观的变化之外，R3.0版本还增加了诸如用户自定义界面、宏记录、插件代码、变换Gizmo、轨迹条等功能。⑶ 渲染的改进。Autodesk公司在收购了以渲染和视频技术闻名的Discreet Logic公司，吸收了该公司的先进技术，3D MAX R3 对其渲染器几乎做了重新设计，不仅增加了渲染的速度，而且提高了画面渲染的质量。⑷ 建模技术的增强。建模技术的增强是3D Studio MAX最重要、最突出的改进，这也是在虚拟现实系统构建中应用它的一个有力的原因。主要的改进包括：① 细分曲面技术(Subdivision Surface) 。3DS MAX 包含了细分曲面技术，细分曲面技术是1998年以来业界最流行的建模技术，大有赶超NURBS技术之势，它可以使模型建立更容易，而且效果更好。② 柔性选择。此项技术可以“部分地”选择顶点，从而在变换顶点时获得光滑、柔和的效果,这对建立复杂物体的模型时非常有用。③ 曲面工具和改进的NURBS技术。使用曲面工具可以产生很复杂的“面片”模型，这亦是一种重要的建模方法，Release 3.0版本中的NURBS技术不但速度加快，而且增加了一系列方便、易用的功能。⑸ 对游戏的更好支持。3D Studio MAX R3大大增强了对游戏的支持，而且这些特性也可以用于其他场合。 ① 增加了角色动画功能。Release 3.0版本内置了制作角色动画的功能，可以方便制作人物或动物的动作、柔软物体的效果以及变形效果。 ② 顶点信息以及加强的贴图坐标功能。现在可以对顶点着色，并增加了顶点的通道，增强了UVW Unwarp的功能，并增加了World XYZ贴图坐标。此外，3D Studio MAX R3也显著增强了动画功能。3. 3DS MAX 在VR系统构建过程中的应用如前所述,VR系统要求实时动态逼真地模拟环境,考虑到硬件的限制和虚拟现实系统的实时性的要求,VR系统的建模与以造型为主的动画建模方法有着显著的不同,VR的建模大都采用模型分割、纹理映射等技术。目前VR中的虚拟场景的构造主要有以下途径：基于模型的方法和IBR（基于图像的绘制）方法两种。这两种方法都可以在3DS MAX中加以实现和验证，下面具体展开加以说明。3． 1 基于模型的构造方法。3DS MAX的几何建模方法主要有多边形（Polygon）建模、非均匀有理B样条曲线建模（NURBS）、细分曲面技术建模（Subdivision Surface）。通常建立一个模型可以分别通过几种方法得到，但有优劣、繁简之分。⑴ 多边形建模。多边形建模技术是最早采用的一种建模技术，它的思想很简单，就是用小平面来模拟曲面，从而制作出各种形状的三维物体，小平面可以是三角形、矩形或其他多边形但实际中多是三角形或矩形。使用多边形建模可以通过直接创建基本的几何体，再根据要求采用修改器调整物体形状或通过使用放样、曲面片造型、组合物体来制作虚拟现实作品。多边形建模的主要优点是简单、方便和快速但它难于生成光滑的曲面，故而多边形建模技术适合于构造具有规则形状的物体，如大部分的人造物体，同时可根据虚拟现实系统的要求，仅仅通过调整所建立模型的参数就可以获得不同分辨率的模型，以适应虚拟场景实时显示的需要。⑵ NURBS建模。NURBS是Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines（非均匀有理B样条曲线）的缩写，它纯粹是计算机图形学的一个数学概念。NURBS建模技术是最近4年来三维动画最主要的建模方法之一，特别适合于创建光滑的、复杂的模型,而且在应用的广泛性和模型的细节逼真性方面具有其他技术无可比拟的优势。但由于NURBS建模必须使用曲面片作为其基本的建模单元，所以它也有以下局限性：NURBS曲面只有有限的几种拓扑结构，导致它很难制作拓扑结构很复杂的物体(例如带空洞的物体)；NURBS曲面片的基本结构是网格状的,若模型比较复杂,会导致控制点急剧增加而难于控制;构造复杂模型时经常需要裁剪曲面,但大量裁剪容易导致计算错误;NURBS技术很难构造“带有分枝的”物体⑶ 细分曲面技术。细分曲面技术是1998年才引入的三维建模方法，它解决了NURBS技术在建立曲面时面临的困难，它使用任意多面体作为控制网格，然后自动根据控制网格来生成平滑的曲面。细分曲面技术的网格可以是任意形状，因而可以很容易地构造出各种拓扑结构，并始终保持整个曲面的光滑性。细分曲面技术的另一个重要特点是“细分”，就是只在物体的局部增加细节，而不必增加整个物体的复杂程度，同时还能维持增加了细节的物体的光滑性。但由于细分曲面技术是一种刚出现不久的技术，3D Studio MAX R3对它的支持还显得稚嫩，还不能完成一些十分复杂的模型创作。 有了以上3DS MAX几种建模方法的认识，就可以在为虚拟现实系统制作相应模型前,根据虚拟现实系统的要求选取合适的建模途径,多快好省地完成虚拟现实的作品的制作。在虚拟现实作品制作的时候应当遵循一个原则:在能够保证视觉效果的前提下，尽量采用比较简单的模型，而且若能够用参数化方法构建的对象尽量用参数化方法构建，同时，在模型创作过程中，对模型进行分割，分别建模，以利于在虚拟现实系统中进行操作和考察。对于复杂对象的运动或原理演示,我们可以预先将对象的运动和说明做成动画存为avi文件,然后等待VR系统合适的触发事件,播放该avi文件即可。3．2 基于图像的绘制 (IBR)，传统图形绘制技术均是面向景物几何而设计的，因而绘制过程涉及到复杂的建模、消隐和光亮度计算。尽管通过可见性预计算技术及场景几何简化技术可大大减少需处理景物的面片数目，但对高度复杂的场景，现有的计算机硬件仍无法实时绘制简化后的场景几何。因而我们面临的一个重要问题是如何在具有普通计算能力的计算机上实现真实感图形的实时绘制。IBR技术就是为实现这一目标而设计的一种全新的图形绘制方式。该技术基于一些预先生成的图像(或环境映照)来生成不同视点的场景画面，与传统绘制技术相比，它有着鲜明的特点： ⑴ 图形绘制独立于场景复杂性，仅与所要生成画面的分辨率有关。 ⑵ 预先存储的图像(或环境映照)既可以是计算机合成的，亦可以是实际拍摄的画面，而且两者可以混合使用。⑶ 该绘制技术对计算资源的要求不高，因而可以在普通工作站和个人计算机上实现复杂场景的实时显示。由于每一帧场景画面都只描述了给定视点沿某一特定视线方向观察场景的结果，并不是从图像中恢复几何或光学景象模型，为了摆脱单帧画面视域的局限性，我们可在一给定视点处拍摄或通过计算得到其沿所有方向的图像，并将它们拼接成一张全景图像。为使用户能在场景中漫游，我们需要建立场景在不同位置处的全景图，继而通过视图插值或变形来获得临近视点的对应的视图。IBR技术是新兴的研究领域，它将改变人们对计算机图形学的传统认识，从而使计算机图形学获得更加广泛的应用。3DS MAX在IBR中的应用是自然的，3DS MAX的出色的纹理贴图，强大的贴图控制能力，各种空间扭曲和变形，都提供了对图像和环境映照的容易的处理途径。例如，在各种IBR的应用中，全景图的生成是经常需要解决的问题，这方面，利用3DS MAX可以根据所需的全景图类型先生成对应的基板，比如，柱面全景图就先生成一个圆柱，然后控制各个方向的条状图像沿着圆柱面进行贴图即可。而且可以将图像拼接的过程编制成Script文件做成插件嵌入3DS MAX环境中，可以容易地生成全景图并且预先观察在虚拟现实系统中漫游的效果，这通过在Video Post设置摄像机的运动轨迹即可。事实上，目前已经有一些全景图生成和校正的插件。在用3DS MAX为VR系统创作好模型后，结合VR系统的要求，看是否需要采用诸如LOD（Level of Detail）模型，如果需要可利用MAX 自带的LOD插件直接生成对象的LOD模型，最后根据VR系统的编辑环境将模型输出为编辑环境所能接收的文件类型，如VRML97或DXF 等格式的文件。以上主要介绍了3DS MAX制作VR作品，下面再简单介绍一些3DS MAX 的另外的应用。在VR系统中经常需要有视差和景深的立体视图，这可以通过在3DS MAX中设置双摄像机来模拟人的双眼来渲染立体视图对，这个需要调整双摄像机的相对位置，然后分别渲染不同的摄像机视图即可得到立体视图对，具体实现过程可参见文献〖2〗。3DS MAX 是用C++语言和Open GL编写的应用软件，而且它提供的MAX SDK也是采用C＋＋编写的代码，我们可以很容易地用C＋＋和Open GL结合MAX SDK实现我们的图形学算法，再把我们的算法作为插件嵌入3DS MAX环境中，而不用考虑物体模型的生成和处理的复杂代码，利用3DS MAX的渲染计时器可以方便地检验我们所编算法的效率和效果。参考文献1. 曾芬芳主编.虚拟现实技术.上海交通大学出版社, 1997年第一版.2. 黄心渊编著.虚拟现实技术与应用.科学出版社，1999年第一版.3. Heung-Yeung Shum and Li-Wee He . Rendering with Concentric Mosaics.SIGGRAPH"99.4. 张昀、徐自亮. 3D Studio MAX R3(上册).清华大学出版社,1999年第一版.4． 3D Studio MAX R3 技术文档. Kinetix Company.5． 鲍虎军,彭群生.浙江大学CAD＆CG国家重点实验室.基于图像的图形绘制技术. 1998 第36期 技术专题版专题报道2023-08-01 03:10:042
Corel Painter IX.5的快捷键
工具名称 中文注释 快捷键 简要说明 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Magnifier [放大镜] M 缩放屏幕按Alt缩小 Grabber [平 移] G 平移屏幕 Rotate Page [旋转画布] E 旋转画布,双击后还原 Perspective [ ] . Crop [剪 裁] C 剪裁画面 Brush [画 笔] B 切换到上次使用的画笔 Paint Bucket [颜料桶] K 属性管理中设单色渐变复制编织图案 Dropper [点滴器] D ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Selection Tools [选择工具] shift加ctrl减alt平移后添加新选区 Rectangular Selection [矩形选择] R 建立矩形选区 Oval Selection O [椭圆选择] o 建立椭圆形选区 Lasso [套索 ] L 建立矩形选区 Magic Wand [魔棒工具] W 颜色建立选区可直接调选项变化选区 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Adjuster Tools [调节工具] Layer Adjuster [图层调节] F 拖动选区变为新图层无选区作用整层 Selection Adjuster [选区调节] S 调节选区形状 Shape Selection [形状选择] H 选择矢量图形 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Shape Design Tools [形状设计] Pen [钢笔工具] P 画出路径 Shape Design [自由形状] Q 手绘路径 Text [植字工具] T 文字确定后变矢量元素每元素占一层 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Shape Object Tools [形状对象] Rectangular Shape [矩形对象] I 画矩形 Oval Shape [椭圆对象] J 画椭圆 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Shape Edit Tools [形状调节] Scissors [形状剪刀] Z 对于填充的删除填充,线对象则断开 Add Point [添加节点] A 对路径添加节点 Convert Point [曲线调节] Y 对手柄调节 Remove Point [删除节点] X 删除路径节点 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Palette Commands [调色板 ] Toolbox [工具箱 ] Ctrl+1 显隐工具箱 Brushes [画笔选择] Ctrl+2 显隐选择画笔 Art Materials [艺术原料] Ctrl+3 显隐颜色图案渐变纸纹布纹等 Objects [对象 ] Ctrl+4 显隐层蒙板图像元件选择元件动态层 Controls [属性控制] Ctrl+5 显隐控制当前工具的属性 Color Set [方格色板] Ctrl+6 显隐以方格显示的选色斑 Brush Controls [画笔控制] Ctrl+7 显隐常规尺寸间隔角度硬度厚涂等等 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++File Menu Commands [文件菜单] New [新建文档] Ctrl+N 新建文档对话框可选图形还是动画 Open [打开文档] Ctrl+O 打开以存在的文档 Close [关闭文档] Ctrl+W 关闭当前文档 Save [保存文档] Ctrl+S 保存当前文档 Get Info [文档信息] Ctrl+I 为文档添加信息?www map default URL Print [打印文档] Ctrl+P 打印当前文档 Quit [退出软件] Ctrl+Q 退出本软件 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Edit Menu Commands [编辑菜单] Undo [撤消操作] Ctrl+Z 撤消上次操作 Redo [重做操作] Ctrl+Y 重做操作 Cut [剪切 ] Ctrl+X 剪切 Copy [拷贝 ] Ctrl+C 拷贝 Paste [粘贴 ] Ctrl+V 粘贴 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Canvas Menu Commands [画布菜单] Tracing Paper [描图纸 ] Ctrl+T 配合文件菜单的克隆和克隆来源使用 Resize Image [图像尺寸] S+Ctr+R 重定义图像强制选项可以还原尺寸 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Effects Menu Commands [效果菜单] Last Effect [上次效果] Ctrl+/ 显示上一次使用的效果名称 Second to Last Effect [二次效果] Ctrl+; 上次被新效果代替上次下移到二次 Fill [填充 ] Ctrl+F 填充原色图案渐变布纹 Equalize [层次调节] Ctrl+E 通过定义最亮值最暗值来调节图像 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Select Menu Commands [选择菜单] Select All [全选 ] Ctrl+A 全选 Deselect [取消选择] Ctrl+D 取消选取框 Reselect [重复选择] Ctrl+R 重复上次选择 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Shapes Menu Commands [形状菜单] Join Endpoints [加结束点] Ctrl+J 选择开放路径的两个端点使之封闭 Duplicate [复制形状] Ctrl+] 复制形状结果比原来的大一些 Set Shape Attributes [设置形状] Ctrl+[ 设置形状的描边和填充效果 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Window Menu Commands [窗口菜单] Hide/Display Palettes [隐调色板] Ctrl+H 控制调色板的显示和隐藏 Zoom In [放大视图] Ctrl++ 放大 Zoom Out [缩小视图] Ctrl+- 缩小 Full Screen Window [全屏显示] Ctrl+M 全屏 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Screen Navigation [屏幕导航] Center Image [居中显示] Spacebar+Click 空格加单击滚动条 Zoom In [放大视图] Spacebar+Ctrl+Click 等同于Ctrl++ Zoom Out [缩小视图] Spacebar+Ctrl+Alt +Click等同于Ctrl+- Rotate Image [旋转画布] Spacebar+Alt+Drag 旋转画布 Constrain Rotate to 90 [90度旋转] Space+Alt+Shift+Drag 强迫画布90度旋转 Screen to Default View [恢复视图] Space+Alt+Click 恢复旋转后的视图 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Expandable Palette [面板导航] Scroll Contents [面板滚动] Alt+Click+Drag 不会误改面板设置 onOpen/Close triangle [面板三角] Shift+Click 面板上所有三角开 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Brush Tool [画笔工具] Brush Controls [画笔控制] Dropper ctrl 变成点滴器原文是Alt Layer Adjuster Shift+Alt+Ctrl 移动图层原文Ctrl Resize Brush Alt+Ctrl 画笔直径大小原文Shift+Alt+Ctrl Increase Current Brush ] 扩大当前画笔尺寸原文]] Decrease Current Brush [ 缩小当前画笔尺寸原文[[ Constrain to 45 degrees Alt+Shift 强制45度或垂直 Adjust opacity 1 to 0 keys 调节画笔透明度每次百分之10 Unconstrained Draw Shift+1 画笔绘画不受选择区域的限制 Draw Outside Shift+2 画笔绘画在选择区域的外面 Draw Inside Shift+3 画笔绘画在选择区域的里面 Load Nozzle Ctrl+L 读取喷嘴用图案 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Cloning [克隆工具] Set Clone Source Alt 克隆点与画笔相对位置不变模式 Set Clone Destination Alt+Shift 选择来源点原文Alt+Shift ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Colors [画笔颜色] Correct Colors Shift+K 颜色修正对话框原文Ctrl+Shift+K Toggle Between 1 and 2 Colors Shift+X 在主颜色和次颜色之间切换 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Gradations [画笔渐变] Edit Gradient Ctrl+Shift+G 前景和背景渐变设置对话框 Adjust Spiral Ctrl+Angle Adjuster按Ctrl键按圈数调节否则按角度 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Paint Bucket [颜料桶 ] Limit Fill Extent Drag 拖动鼠标出现可变矩形区域进行填充 Dropper ctrl 变成点滴器原文是Alt Layer Adjuster Shift+Alt+Ctrl 移动图层原文Ctrl ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Selection Tools [选择工具] Rectangle, Oval,Lasso 包括矩形,椭圆,套索 Constrain to Square or Circle Shift 强迫正方形和正圆 Add to Selection Shift 添加选择区域 Subtract from Selection Alt 减选择区域 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Magic Wand [魔棒工具] Add Color to Selection Shift+Click 添加颜色选择Contiguous选项打开 Add Range of Colors toSelection Shift+Drag 拖动鼠标框选区域内颜色都选中 Remove Color from Selection Ctrl+Click 减选择原文Alt+Click Remove Range of Colors from Sel Alt+Drag 拖动鼠标从存在的选择区减框选颜色 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Adjuster Tools [调节工具] Layer Adjuster Shift+Alt+Ctrl 移动图层原文Ctrl除导航形状选择 Selection Adjuster Shift+Alt+Ctrl 移动图层部分被选择的区域 Shape Selection Tool Ctrl 使用形状工具时变形状选择 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Layer Adjuster [调节工具] Duplicate Alt+Drag 复制图层成同名图层 Move Layer by One Screen Pixel Arrow keys 按方向间移动图层1像素 Hide/Display Marquee Ctrl+Shift+H 显示隐藏定界框 Attribute Dialog Box for Current Layer Enter 回车显示当前图层信息 Adjust Opacity in 10% increment 1 to 0 keys 按数字1-0控制图层透明度 Select All Layers Shift+Alt+A 选择全部图层适用MAC,Shift选每层 Deselect Layers Shift+Alt+D 取消选中的层,选择Canvas层Mac用 Select/Deselect Mode Ctrl+Shift 通过单击,跳转到画面内容所在图层 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Selection Adjuster [选区调节] Reposition Click 选区内部拖动 移动选区 Duplicate Alt+Drag 复制选区 Move Selection by One Screen Pi Arrow keys 选择canvas,按方向键移动选区1像素 Delete Current Selection Delete Backspace 删除当前选区 Select/Deselect Mode Shift 选择调节模式 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Free Transform [自由变形] Resize Corner handles 调节控制点 Resize/Preserve Aspect Shift+Corner handles强制比例 Resize/One Dimension Side handles 在四个中点上向单独方向变形 Skew Ctrl+Side handles在四个中点上-切变 Rotate Ctrl+Corner handles在四个顶点上-旋转 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Shape Tools [形状工具] Shape Selection Tool Toggle Ctrl 变形状选择工具++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Shape Design Tools [形状编辑] Pen [钢笔工具] Add to Current Point Click last point添加曲线先点击最后一点 Shape Design [形状设计] Add to Current Endpoint Click and draw from endpoint添加最后一点 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Shape Objects Tools [形状对象] Rectangle Constrain to Square Shift 强制正方形 Circle Constrain to Circle Shift 强制正圆形 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Shape Selection Tool [形状选择] Direct Selection [直接选择] Select Start Point of Shape Home 当曲线其中一点选中时，选择开始点 Select End Point of Shape End 当曲线其中一点选中时，选择结束点 Select Previous Point in Shape Page Up 当曲线其中一点选中时，选择上一点 Select Next Point in Shape Page Down 当曲线其中一点选中时，选择结束点 Move Path by One Screen Pixel Arrow keys 用方向键移动1像素 Delete Selected (closed) Shape Backspace 删除一点 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Animation [动画控制] 可一读入avi文件并保存成frm格式 Play Movie Ctrl+Shift+P 播放动画 First Frame of Stack Home 跳到起始帧 Last Frame of Stack End 跳到结束帧 Next Frame Page Up 上一帧 Previous Frame Down 预览就是下一帧 Stop at Current Frame Alt+Stop 更新帧堆栈面板上显示的帧 Stop and Return to Current Starting Frame Ctrl 停止在帧堆栈当前指定的帧 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Lighting [灯光控制] Lighting Mover Shift+Ctrl+L 灯光管理 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Layer Section Tools [图层片断] Group Ctrl+G 成组 Ungroup Ctrl+U 打开组 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Mosaics [马赛克 ] 在画布菜单打开建立马赛克对话框 Get Tile Color Ctrl+Click 改变瓦片前景色原文Alt+Click Get Tile Shape Ctrl+Click 或取点击处的瓦片形状设置 Delete Tile Shift+Click 删除瓦片 Select All Tiles A 选择全部瓦片 Deselect All Tiles D 取消选择瓦片 Change Selected Tiles to Current Color C 选中瓦片改变前景色，按c Tint Selected Tiles with Current Color T 选中瓦片逐渐变为前景色 Vary Color of Selected Tiles V 屏幕重绘在填色或绘制时的选择状2023-08-01 03:10:111
Corel Painter IX的全部快捷键
数字键0~9：opacity (与PS、Illustrator一样) Q 曲线shape W 魔术棒 E 旋转页面 R 方形选择 (Ctrl+Alt+R ：方形选择＋) T 文字输入 P 钢笔 Y 节点编辑 A 钢笔＋ X 钢笔- I 方形状 O 椭圆选择(Ctrl+Alt+o ：圆选择＋) S 调整选域 (Ctrl+Alt+S ：复制选域+) F 调整layer H shape选择 D 吸管 G 平移 (Ctrl+Alt+G ：缩小) J 圆形状 K 填充桶 L 索套 E 剪刀 C 裁剪 V 直线brush 重要 B 自由brush 重要 U clone color的应用/否 重要 N color talk对话框 M 放大镜 [ 笔刷尺寸缩小 与PS、Illustrator一样 ] 笔刷尺寸缩小 与PS、Illustrator一样 Ctrl与其它键组合的快捷键 Ctrl+1 工具板 +2 Brush面板 +3 Art Materials 材料设定面板 重要 +4 Object 图层等面板 重要 +5 Contrals 控制面板 +6 Color 色彩面板 +7 Brush contrals 笔刷控制面板 重要 +“＋”放大 与PS、Illustrator一样 +“－”缩小与PS、Illustrator一样 +“[” 设定stroke属性的对话框 +“]” 复制shape (或按Alt键移动，与PS一样) +E (+/) Equalize 色阶变化对话框 +R Reselect再次选择 +I File Infornation 文件信息 +F(+“；”) Fill设定对话框 +H 所有浮动面板显/隐 Shift+Ctrl+其它键的组合快键 Shift+Ctrl++R Resize 重新定义尺寸 +T Color Set +A Adjust Color调整色彩 +F Color Correction对话框 +L Lighting Mover 光线设定对话框 +B Brightness/Contrast对话框 +M Auto Mask对话框 工具名称 中文注释 快捷键 简要说明 Magnifier Grabber Rotate Page Perspective Crop Brush Paint Bucket Dropper [放大镜 ] [平移 ] [旋转画布] [ ] [剪裁 ] [画笔 ] [颜料桶 ] [点滴器 ] M G E . C B K D 缩放屏幕按Alt缩小 平移屏幕 旋转画布,双击后还原 剪裁画面 切换到上次使用的画笔 属性管理中设单色渐变复制编织图案 Selection Tools Rectangular Selection Oval Selection O Lasso Magic Wand [选择工具] [矩形选择] [椭圆选择] [套索 ] [魔棒工具] shift加ctrl减alt R o L W 平移后添加新选区 建立矩形选区 建立椭圆形选区 建立矩形选区 颜色建立选区可直接调选项变化选区 Adjuster Tools Layer Adjuster Selection Adjuster Shape Selection [调节工具] [图层调节] [选区调节] [形状选择] F S H 拖动选区变为新图层无选区作用整层 调节选区形状 选择矢量图形 Shape Design Tools Pen Shape Design Text [形状设计] [钢笔工具] [自由形状] [植字工具] P Q T 画出路径 手绘路径 文字确定后变矢量元素每元素占一层 Shape Object Tools Rectangular Shape Oval Shape [形状对象] [矩形对象] [椭圆对象] I J 画矩形 画椭圆 Shape Edit Tools Add Point Convert Point Remove Point [形状调节] [形状剪刀] [添加节点] [曲线调节] [删除节点] Scissors Z A Y X 对于填充的删除填充,线对象则断开 对路径添加节点 对手柄调节 删除路径节点 Palette Commands Toolbox Brushes Art Materials Objects Controls Color Set Brush Controls [调色板 ] [工具箱 ] [画笔选择] [艺术原料] [对象 ] [属性控制] [方格色板] [画笔控制] Ctrl+1 Ctrl+2 Ctrl+3 Ctrl+4 Ctrl+5 Ctrl+6 Ctrl+7 显隐工具箱 显隐选择画笔 显隐颜色图案渐变纸纹布纹等 显隐层蒙板图像元件选择元件动态层 显隐控制当前工具的属性 显隐以方格显示的选色斑 显隐常规尺寸间隔角度硬度厚涂等等 File Menu Commands New Open Close Save Get Info Print Quit [文件菜单] [新建文档] [打开文档] [关闭文档] [保存文档] [文档信息] [打印文档] [退出软件] Ctrl+N Ctrl+O Ctrl+W Ctrl+S Ctrl+I Ctrl+P Ctrl+Q 新建文档对话框可选图形还是动画 打开以存在的文档 关闭当前文档 保存当前文档 为文档添加信息www map default URL 打印当前文档 退出本软件 Edit Menu Commands Undo Redo Cut Copy Paste [编辑菜单] [撤消操作] [重做操作] [剪切 ] [拷贝 ] [粘贴 ] Ctrl+Z Ctrl+Y Ctrl+X Ctrl+C Ctrl+V 撤消上次操作 重做操作 剪切 拷贝 粘贴 Canvas Menu Commands Tracing Paper Resize Image [画布菜单] [描图纸 ] [图像尺寸] Ctrl+T S+Ctr+R 配合文件菜单的克隆和克隆来源使用 重定义图像强制选项可以还原尺寸 Effects Menu Commands Last Effect Second to Last Effect Fill Equalize [效果菜单] [上次效果] [二次效果] [填充 ] [层次调节] Ctrl+/ Ctrl+; Ctrl+F Ctrl+E 显示上一次使用的效果名称 上次被新效果代替上次下移到二次 填充原色图案渐变布纹 通过定义最亮值最暗值来调节图像 Select Menu Commands Select Al Deselect Reselect [选择菜单] [全选 ] [取消选择] [重复选择] Ctrl+A Ctrl+D Ctrl+R 全选 取消选取框 重复上次选择 Shapes Menu Commands Join Endpoints Duplicate Set Shape Attributes [形状菜单] [加结束点] [复制形状] [设置形状] Ctrl+J Ctrl+] Ctrl+[ 选择开放路径的两个端点使之封闭 复制形状结果比原来的大一些 设置形状的描边和填充效果 Window Menu Commands Hide/Display Palettes Zoom In Zoom Out Full Screen Window [窗口菜单] [隐调色板] [放大视图] [缩小视图] [全屏显示] Ctrl+H Ctrl++ Ctrl+- Ctrl+M 控制调色板的显示和隐藏 放大 缩小 全屏 Screen Navigation Center Image Zoom In Zoom Out Rotate Image Constrain Rotate to 90 Screen to Default View [屏幕导航] [居中显示] [放大视图] [缩小视图] [旋转画布] [90度旋转] [恢复视图] Spacebar+Click Spacebar+Ctrl+Click Spacebar+Ctrl+Alt +Click Spacebar+Alt+Drag Space+Alt+Shift+Drag Space+Alt+Click 空格加单击滚动条 等同于Ctrl++ 等同于Ctrl+- 旋转画布 强迫画布90度旋转 恢复旋转后的视图 Expandable Palette Scroll Contents onOpen/Close triangle [面板导航] [面板滚动] [面板三角] Alt+Click+Drag Shift+Click 不会误改面板设置 面板上所有三角开 Brush Tool Brush Controls Dropper Layer Adjuster Resize Brush Increase Current Brush Decrease Current Brush Constrain to 45 degrees Adjust opacity Unconstrained Draw Draw Outside Draw Inside [画笔工具] [画笔控制] [扩大当前画笔尺寸] [缩小当前画笔尺寸] ctrl Shift+Alt+Ctrl Alt+Ctrl Alt+Shift 1 to 0 keys Shift+1 Shift+2 Shift+3 变成点滴器原文是Alt 移动图层原文Ctrl 画笔直径大小原文Shift+Alt+Ctrl 强制45度或垂直 调节画笔透明度每次百分之10 画笔绘画不受选择区域的限制 画笔绘画在选择区域的外面 画笔绘画在选择区域的里面 Load Nozzle Ctrl+L 读取喷嘴用图案 Cloning Set Clone Source Set Clone Destination [克隆工具] Alt Alt+Shift 克隆点与画笔相对位置不变模式 选择来源点原文Alt+Shift Colors Correct Colors Toggle Between 1 and 2 Colors [画笔颜色] Shift+K Ctrl+Shift+K 颜色修正对话框原文 Shift+X 在主颜色和次颜色之间切换 Gradations Edit Gradient Adjust Spiral [画笔渐变] Ctrl+Shift+Ger Ctrl+Angle Adjust 前景和背景渐变设置对话框 按Ctrl键按圈数调节否则按角度 Paint Bucket Limit Fill Extent Dropper Layer Adjuster [颜料桶 ] Drag ctrl Shift+Alt+Ctrl 拖动鼠标出现可变矩形区域进行填充 变成点滴器原文是Alt 移动图层原文Ctrl Selection Tools Rectangle, Oval,Lasso Constrain to Square or Circle Add to Selection [选择工具] Shift Shift Subtract from Selection Alt 包括矩形,椭圆,套索 强迫正方形和正圆 添加选择区域 减选择区域 Magic Wand Add Color to Selection Add Range of Colors toSelection Remove Color from Selection Remove Range of Colors from Sel [魔棒工具] Shift+Click Shift+Drag Alt+Drag 添加颜色选择Contiguous选项打开 拖动鼠标框选区域内颜色都选中 Ctrl+Click 减选择原文Alt+Click 拖动鼠标从存在的选择区减框选颜色 Adjuster Tools Layer Adjuster Selection Adjuster Shape Selection Tool [调节工具] Shift+Alt+Ctrl Shift+Alt+Ctrl Ctrl 移动图层原文Ctrl除导航形状选择 移动图层部分被选择的区域 使用形状工具时变形状选择 Layer Adjuster Duplicate Move Layer by One Screen Pixel Hide/Display Marquee Attribute Dialog Box for Current Layer Adjust Opacity in 10% increment Select All Layers Deselect Layers Select/Deselect Mode [调节工具] Alt+Drag Arrow keys Ctrl+Shift+H Enter 1 to 0 keys Shift+Alt+A Shift+Alt+D Ctrl+Shift 复制图层成同名图层 按方向间移动图层1像素 显示隐藏定界框 回车显示当前图层信息 按数字1-0控制图层透明度 选择全部图层适用MAC,Shift选每层 取消选中的层,选择Canvas层Mac用 通过单击,跳转到画面内容所在图层 Selection Adjuster Reposition Click Duplicate Move Selection by One Screen Pi Delete Current Selection Delete Select/Deselect Mode [选区调节] 选区内部拖动 Alt+Drag Arrow keys Backspace Shift 移动选区 复制选区 选择canvas,按方向键移动选区1像素 删除当前选区 选择调节模式 Free Transform Resize Corner handles Resize/Preserve Aspect Resize/One Dimension Skew Rotate [自由变形] Shift+Corner handles Side handles Ctrl+Side handles Ctrl+Corner 调节控制点 强制比例 在四个中点上向单独方向变形 在四个中点上-切变 handles在四个顶点上-旋转 Shape Tools Shape Selection Tool Toggle Shape Design Tools Pen Add to Current Point Shape Design Add to Current Endpoint [形状工具] [形状编辑] [钢笔工具] [形状设计] Ctrl 变形状选择工具 Click last point添加曲线先点击最后一点 Click and draw from endpoint添加最后一点 Shape Objects Tools Rectangle Constrain to Square Circle Constrain to Circle [形状对象] Shift Shift 强制正方形 强制正圆形 Shape Selection Tool Direct Selection Select Start Point of Shape Select End Point of Shape Select Previous Point in Shape Select Next Point in Shape Move Path by One Screen Pixel Delete Selected (closed) [形状选择] [直接选择] Home End Page Up Page Down Arrow keys Shape Backspace 当曲线其中一点选中时，选择开始点 当曲线其中一点选中时，选择结束点 当曲线其中一点选中时，选择上一点 当曲线其中一点选中时，选择结束点 用方向键移动1像素 删除一点 Animation Play Movie First Frame of Stack Last Frame of Stack Next Frame Page Previous Frame Stop at Current Frame Stop and Return to Current Starting Frame [动画控制] Ctrl+Shift+P Home End Up Down Alt+Stop Ctrl 可一读入avi文件并保存成frm格式 播放动画 跳到起始帧 跳到结束帧 上一帧 预览就是下一帧 更新帧堆栈面板上显示的帧 停止在帧堆栈当前指定的帧 Lighting Lighting Mover [灯光控制] Shift+Ctrl+L 灯光管理 Layer Section Tools Group Ungroup [图层片断] Ctrl+G Ctrl+U 成组 打开组 Mosaics Get Tile Color Get Tile Shape Delete Tile Select All Tiles Deselect All Tiles Change Selected Tiles to Current Color Tint Selected Tiles with Current Color Vary Color of Selected Tiles [马赛克 ] Ctrl+Click Ctrl+Click Shift+Click A D C T V 在画布菜单打开建立马赛克对话框 改变瓦片前景色原文Alt+Click 或取点击处的瓦片形状设置 删除瓦片 选择全部瓦片 取消选择瓦片 选中瓦片改变前景色，按c 选中瓦片逐渐变为前景色 屏幕重绘在填色或绘制时的选择2023-08-01 03:10:191
utter,thorough,ultimate的区别
thorough是彻底的，比方说。例如a thorough research 彻彻底底地搜查；而utter作动词是发声的意思；做形容词的话是完全、十足的意思。ultimate作名词是终极；根本；基本原则的意思；作形容词是最终的；极限的；根本的意思。2023-08-01 03:03:141
sgccseccsphcspcc代号的意思是什么, 有何区别?
这四个都是钢材的牌号 SGCC 热浸镀锌薄钢板 S- Steel钢 G- 镀锌Galvanized C- Cold冷轧 第四位 C- Common普通级 SECC 电解亚铅镀锌 S-钢（Steel）、E-电镀（Electrodeposition）、C-冷轧（Cold）、第四位C-普通级 SPHC 一般用热轧钢板及钢带 S-钢 P板 H热扎 C一般商业 SPCC 一般用冷轧钢板及钢带 S-钢 P板 C冷轧 C一般商业~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SPHC这个牌号其实最早是德国的牌号，日本也用，后来国内钢厂宝钢引入，代表的是的热轧钢板（它对应的冷轧板就是SPCC），相当于国标GB699（优质碳素结构钢国家标准）中的10#、15#钢的热轧板，他们的含碳量范围是0.1-0.15%左右。2023-08-01 03:03:191
疫情 英文 pandemic
疫情 英文 pandemic作名词时，意思为流行病，作形容词时，意思为（疾病）流行的，普遍的，全世界的，大流行的。例句:1.One pandemic of Spanish flu took nearly 22 million lives worldwide.西班牙流感的大爆发夺去了全球近2,200万人的生命。2.The influenza virus responsible for the 1918 pandemic was identified as being a Type A, H1N1 subtype.导致1918年大流行的流感病毒被确定为A型H1N1亚型。2023-08-01 03:03:211
为什么什么做准备用英语
prepare for sth2023-08-01 03:03:234
SRV、SUV和CRV分别都代表什么意思？
答：SRV的英文全称是Small Recreation Vehicle，翻译过来的意思是“小型休闲车”，一般指两厢轿车。SRV是旅行款的意思，它是通用公司发明的专利。既然有这样一个名称，其覆盖范围就比较广，没有严格的范畴。从广义上讲，除了轿车跑车外的轻型乘用车，都可归属于RV，包括SUV也可属于RV。RV是以家庭用车为前提的，它最重要的特点，在于外形上与传统的三厢式轿车不一样，看上去有些RV像两厢式轿车，有些RV像越野车。SUV是“SportsUtilityVehicle”的简称，即运动型多功能车，又俗称休闲越野车，是由皮卡底盘上发展而来的四轮驱动厢式车，起源于上世纪80年代的美国。SUV最吸引人之处，除了要具备中高档轿车的舒适性外，还要有更高的越野性和安全性，并有运动感，便于日常生活、外出旅行和野外休闲。这是因为SUV的前悬挂是轿车车型的独立螺旋弹簧悬架，后悬挂则是越野车车型的非独立钢板弹簧悬架，车内的空间较大，载人载货同样游刃有余。CRV不是某一类车型的称呼，而是日本本田汽车公司一种SUV车的名字。现在东风本田公司已经引进生产了该车，国内也有人称这种车子为“思威”。2023-08-01 03:03:281
钢材方面 SPCC和SPCC-1 SGCC和SGCC-1 有什么区别？？
SPCC是冷轧碳素钢板。在日本JIS标准中，冷轧碳素薄板有SPCC、SPCD、SPCE等几个牌号，其中后二者表示冲压和深冲用冷轧碳素薄板，分别相当于我国13237标准中的08AL优质碳素结构钢和5213标准中的08AL深冲钢。而SPCC表示一般用冷轧碳素薄板，相当于我国Q195-Q215A，不做冲压试验，需保证抗拉试验。SPCC 一般用于汽车用品、电器支架、锁、文具用品等产品。热浸锌钢板(SGCC)：国内尚无钢厂能生产出优质的材料，主要从国外进口。其价格贵一些，很多厂家为节省成本均改用SECC。 还有就是可能通过其镀层来区分：如Z12表示双面镀层量总和120g/mm2 后面的-1是厚度。2023-08-01 03:03:292
详细介绍下WWE
似的法2023-08-01 03:03:333
suv与crv有什么区别
SUV是标准越野，crv是广本的城市越野的名称。2023-08-01 03:03:382
SGCC镀锌板的材质是什么？
热浸锌钢板。镀锌或镀锌是将保护性的锌涂层涂在钢或铁上的过程，以防止生锈。最常用的方法是热浸镀锌，其中的部分浸在熔融的锌浴中。热浸镀锌层是一种厚而坚固的锌铁合金层。在汽车车身的情况下，涂漆的额外装饰性涂料将被应用，电镀锌采用更薄的镀锌形式。热浸过程一般不会在可测量的范围内降低强度，除高强度钢(>1100 MPa)外，氢脆可能成为一个问题。这种缺陷是影响钢丝绳和其他高应力产品制造的考虑因素。热浸镀锌所提供的保护措施，对于那些经常暴露在腐蚀性物质(如酸雨)的产品中是不够的。对于这些应用，更昂贵的不锈钢是首选。今天有些钉子是镀锌的。尽管如此，许多户外应用都使用电镀，因为它比热浸锌涂层便宜，而且在新的时候看起来很好。2023-08-01 03:03:381
wwe和raw和斯麦当的区别
WWE是公司的名字，RAW和SmackDown Live是WWE旗下的两个摔角节目，所以也就是说RAW和SmackDown Live都是WWE的节目，只是我们平常当然统称都是说看WWE而已，但我们看的节目都是RAW、SmackDown Live、NXT等等这些WWE旗下的摔角节目而已，RAW是北京时间每周二早上直播、SmackDown Live则是每周三早上直播~2023-08-01 03:03:132
准备好了用英文怎么说
准备：get/be ready (for)；如：I am ready now./I 我准备好了.She was ready for her job.她已为她的工作做好了准备.We are ready to go to school.我们准备去上学了. 准备做某事/为某事做准备：prepare to do sth ； be prepared for sth； have a preparation for sth ；如：He prepare to do his work.＝He is prepared for his work.＝He has a preparation for his work./He has a preparation for doing his work.2023-08-01 03:03:131
谁知道wwe的比赛周期啊
分类: 体育/运动 解析: WWE的赛事安排主要是每周一的“RAW”和每周五的“Smackdown！”这两个固定节目。 “RAW”和“Smackdown！”分别由两位经理管理，旗下各有一班性格各异的选手进行比赛。 另外，在每个月，WWE都有一场非常精彩的PPV大赛。 在这场盘点一个月的大赛里，“RAW”和“Smackdown！”的选手们都会在这里有恩报恩有仇报仇，非常精彩！ 这些PPV有的是专属“RAW”的，有的是专属“Smackdown！”的，而有的则是两方共有的。 下面是每个月的PPV安排： 一月 Royal Rumble （皇家大战）（RAW+Smackdown） 二月 No Way Out （无路可逃）（Smackdown） 三月 WrestleMania （摔角狂热）（RAW+Smackdown） 四月 Backlash （爆裂震撼）或者 Bad Blood（邪恶基因）（RAW） 五月 Judgement Day （末日审判）（Smackdown） 六月 King of the Ring （擂台之王）（RAW+Smackdown） 七月 Vengeanc （致命复仇）或者 Great American Bash （美国怒拳）（Smackdown） 八月 SummerSlam （夏日冲击）（RAW+Smackdown） 九月 Unfiven（无庸置疑）（RAW） 十月 No Mercy （毫不仁慈）（Smackdown） 十一月 Survivor Series （强者生存）（RAW+Smackdown） 十二月 Armageddon （世界末日）（RAW） ( WWF的PPV节目有时会进行调整，以当时的实际情况为准 )2023-08-01 03:03:051
ultimate edition是什么意思
ultimate edition版本；终极版本例句1.Lawrence of Arabia -Three Disc Ultimate Edition阿拉伯的劳伦斯-三碟超码终极收藏版2.In the latest edition of the Ultimate Fallout series he pulls back the disguise and shows his face for the first time.在最终影响系列的最新一期中他摘下面具，第一次展示自己的容貌。3.For those who want the ultimate in streamlined operating systems, Windows 7 DOS Edition would be a perfect choice.而对于一些喜爱精简的操作系统的用户而言，Windows7DOS版就是一个不错的选择。4.This edition represents the ultimate in data warehouse performance and scalability.此版本是数据仓库性能和可伸缩性的最终版本。5.Ultimate Offer will give customers with a MSDN Premium subscription the option to upgrade to the next level edition of VS 2010.2010终极版的售价中还提供了一个MSDN高级版订阅，可让客户升级到VS2010的更新版本。2023-08-01 03:03:041
准备工作的英文单词是什么
准备工作的英文单词是：preparation. 例句：官员们正在为世界首脑峰会做准备工作。 Officials are laying the groundwork for a summit conference of world leaders. 扩展资料 各项准备工作均以日耳曼人缜密的精神完成。 The preparations were made with Teutonic thoroughness. 五月份特别活动周的`准备工作已经开始。 Preparations have got under way for a week of special events in May. 五月份特别活动周的准备工作已经顺利开展。 Preparations are well under way for a week of special events in May. 聚会的准备工作很早就开始了。 Preparation for the party started early. 找股票经纪人之前，先要做好必要的准备工作。 Before you go near a stockbroker, do your homework.2023-08-01 03:03:031
介绍如何学习英语的 英文作文 六年级
简单原则 学习英语：从简单的开始 运用英语：简单-好、更简单-更好、最简单-最好 上大学的时侯，英语老师让我们大量阅读英语。有些同学就借来原著，第一页看下来就有20几个生词，第二页还有20几个……到了第五页已不知道第一页所云;到了第十页已不知道前九页讲的是什么。阅读变得异常艰难和单调，体会不到有任何收获，读英语原著变成了查英语词典、记忆生词的过程，变成个苦差事。因此很少有人能坚持下去，就放弃了。其中有人又做了第二次努力，结果还是放弃。原因何在?我想它违背了“循序渐进”的常理。 所谓“循序渐进”就要求你从“简单”开始。学习、使用英语都要遵守简单原则。当年，我碰巧是从英语简易读物开始的。现在，书店里有好多套把原著简写成的“简易读物”。我先读那些用500～800词简写成的读物，后来又读用800～1500词简写成的读物，再后来就读用1500～2500词简写的作品……我能读进去，因为我读懂了;读懂的感觉特别好。当一个人有了成就感时自信心就诞生了，并越来越强，也就产生了更大的兴趣。外国的英语文学作品仿佛带我走进了一个不同的国家，一个不同的文化，一个不同的生活，结识了一些不同的朋友。在走入另样的文化、生活、人物，风俗的过程中就产生了一种强烈的神往，一种强烈的欲望。每时每刻都想读! 只有从简单的开始，才容易入门，才容易产生“兴趣”，才容易把事情进行下去。英语阅读应遵守“简单原则”，听、说、写都应从最简单的开始，因为简单原则有巨大的优点： 1、造就成就感，培养自信。 2、增加兴趣。 3、语言朗朗上口。 4、易于学以致用。 但是很多中国学生对简单的语言往往不屑一顾，只求理解而不去尝试着使用自己学到的东西。中国学生在学英语中最喜欢追求一个字--“难”。尽管学了很多难的东西，却不会“用”。而事实上，简单的东西如能灵活、准确地使用才是真正重要的。比如从口语来说，人们并不是看一个人会说多么难的单词，关键在于看他能否熟练运用最简单的单词、句型、语法来表达情感、思想。英语国家人们日常生活的交流是通过有限数量的单词和简单的句型来完成的。 当然这并不是说“难的单词”和“复杂句型”一点儿也不能用，或者说没有用，我只是说应该少用或尽量不用。但目前“简单英语”即是“最好英语”的潮流是千真万确的。其实你同外国人面对面交流，你就会惊喜的发现，他们讲的英语是那么的简单，你甚至会反问自己学了多年的复杂英语用处何在? 学会容易的东西，并把容易的东西融会贯通地加以运用才是英语学习的关键所在。 量的原则 学习英语不能太急于求成，因为只有有了“量”，才能有“质”的飞跃。 在量的积累阶段，也应该遵循正确的学习方法。以阅读为例，一套简易读物分六级，每一级有五六本，一本只有100页左右，不超过一个星期就可以读完一个级的读物。你在读的过程中，不要太多拘泥于语法，可以偶尔体会一下语法的作用，但主要精力放在理解小说的主题上。要注意，我们是在通过英语获取信息，了解文化、生活，吸收新的思想。你要读进去，才能读得快。不要研究语言，要树立数量第一的观念，尽量快速地读。这样一来，坚持读三四个月，英语的阅读水平就会迅速提高。 总有人问，要花多长时间才能学好英语。这问题不好回答，因为没有衡量学好英文的标准，并且学习英语的速度也因人而异。但有一点是肯定的，那就是你必须有正确的学习英文的方法。实际上，学习英语如按照正确的方法去做，你很快就会入门。从入门到能用英语交际也就是一二年的工夫。因此，如果一直是按照正确的方法做，你很快就能学好英语。 重复原则 英语有句谚语“Repetition is the mother of skills(重复是技能之母)。” 你可以回忆一下你学习任何一种技能的过程。无论是游泳还是骑自行车，都是重复同一类动作的过程。任何技能的获得，当然包括英语这项语言技能，均来自重复。一种事情重复多了，便产生了感觉和深刻的把握。因此，在发展英语技能时，也应该遵循重复原则。比如，在阅读时，当你读过20本初级读物后，就要在这20本中找出一本自己最感兴趣的来读10遍甚至20遍。同样的，当你读过20本中级水平的英语读物后，就应该在这20本中找出一本自己最感兴趣的来读10遍甚至20遍。学习听力和口语也要遵守重复原则。比如说，在听了20盘初级英语听力磁带后，就要在这20盘已听过的磁带中选出一盘，再把这盘磁带听上20遍。在刚开始学习英语口语时，重复原则就更为重要。因为，刚学习英语口语，背诵一些英语后，就找同伴来练，反复重复已学内容。“重复原则”与“量的原则”缺一不可，要有机地把两者统一起来。学习英语中的任一项技能：阅读、听力、口语、写作，都必须在量的原则的基础上，再反复重复。英语中一定有一些你理解的很透并且已经掌握了的单词或句型，你可以灵活自如地使用它们来交际。请注意，这些熟练掌握了的词和句型一定是你重复过无数遍的，这些被重复的东西已经变成了你的一部分，因此你能把它们运用自如了。重复是人记忆的最重要途径，重复使人准确、深刻理解事物本质、内在规律。量的原则要求你多读多听，多说多写，强调一个“泛”字。而重复原则要求你将同一件事做很多遍，也就是强调一个“精”字。如此看来两者相互矛盾。但是矛盾是必然存在的。我想世界上最好的东西一定是矛盾的。因为只有两个矛盾体，才能产生最大的动力使主体前进。好的英语学习方法也应力求矛盾的统一。既要有数量的积累，把面铺开，又要同时将一本阅读书、口语书、一盘磁带、一部电影学透彻。在量的基础上把部分内容学“精”，这是很重要的。 模仿原则 语言是人们在长时间的实践中形成的认同符号，其运用“规则”可依。孩子学语言是个模仿的过程，他们每天模仿父母、周围的人、电视等一切可以模仿的东西，并且模仿得越来越象，突然有一天，他们停止模仿了，并且逐渐形成融合自己个性特征的语言方式。 作为英语学习者，必须模仿已有的东西，不经历到位的模仿的“创新”意味着错误。创新源于模仿，模仿是学习英语的基础，模仿是创新的基础。只有在你通过模仿，真正掌握了英语的灵魂、精髓，然后，才可能谈到自己的语言风格。 学习英语时，模仿原则是必不可少的。比如在学习语音时，要大量地重复练习音标、单词发音，朗读句子和文章。而在练习过程中，尽量模仿“音标发音和单词发音，同时模仿句子的音调和节奏。模仿对学好语音至关重要。如果你要学习英语口语模仿亦很重要。在学口语时，要尽量模仿你已经读过的东西和已经听过的东西。当然，如果你模仿你已经用”重复原则“所读过的和所听过的，效果就会更好。如果你要学习英文写作，模仿的重要性更是显而易见。你要读各种不同类型的文章、名家的文章，重复地读过多遍而能真正理解了后，就要一丝不苟地去模仿。模仿得越像越好，这是英语学习最基本的常识。 我的一位朋友英语口语很棒，当他谈到学口语的秘诀时，他总是说”外国人怎么说，我就怎么说;外国人怎么写，我就怎么写。“真可谓一语道破天机! 突击原则 若想学好英语，需要采取一个个”速战速决“策略，找到”快速进入角色“的感觉。只有这样，才能有足够的动力和兴趣把学习坚持到底。你还记得你是如何学会骑自行车、游泳或开车的吗?你是否是通过短时间的”大量突击“练习才掌握这些技能的呢?学习技能的要素是一样的，那就是去无数次的突击训练。当然，学英语或许不像学会骑自行车、游泳那么简单，但驾驭和使用英语语言的确是掌握和培养一种技能。学习一种技能，突击原则是最重要的。 一个人的精力不可能总是充沛的，重复做同一件事情就会变得单调，因此就要采取间隔突击强化的方法。英语学习的过程应该是由一个个强化突击阶段所组成的。 兴趣原则 “兴趣是最好的老师”，学习英语首先要有兴趣并努力发展这一兴趣。如果你对英语没有兴趣，那就不会有持续的干劲和动力，英语学习将很难坚持下去。反之，一旦你对英语有了兴趣并努力地发展这一兴趣，那么，你就会不知不觉地去做，带着强烈的欲望去读英语，听英语，说英语，写英语。你就会主动地找人去练英语，找一切可以提高你英语的机会去提高你的英语水平。不知不觉中你的英语就会提高。不知不觉中你就把英语学会了。所以“兴趣”对学好英语有举足轻重的作用。然而，尽管知道兴趣的重要性，但很少有人有意识、有步骤地去培养和发展自己对英语的兴趣。 那么，应如何培养英语学习的兴趣呢? 兴趣就是这样在一次次实践中产生和发展的。你对一种事物的热爱在实际运用中产生，并变得越来越深。如果在学英语的过程中，你能够尽早地尝试使用所学的英语的快感，那么你学习英语的兴趣将日益增加。具体地说，就是你一开始学英语就要找机会来用英语。比如说，你刚开始学英语，就去找“老外”聊天，很快就学会口语了。还有，你想提高听力水平，恰巧你喜欢听新闻。那末，如果你坚持每天听英语的新闻，很快就会把听力提高上去。和热爱英语的人在一起“爱”是可以相互传递的。如果一个人对英语充满了热爱与激情，与他在一起的你对英语也自然而然就产生喜爱。我在大学的几个朋友有一个共同的特点：爱英语是没有条件的。别人那种爱英语的疯狂会使你也深深爱上英语。所以你的确应该与喜爱英语的人交朋友，这样，你们对英语的爱就会相互影响、变得更强烈。比如，你有几个喜好学英语的朋友，你们就会组成英语学习小组，一起学习阅读、口语、写作。几个朋友在一起，就用英语聊天，一起讨论英语学习中的体会，相互问问题。如果其中的一个英语水平显著，那么其他人都可以向他的水平看齐。当然，水平高的也可以学习其他人的优点。这样一来，每人的进步都会很快。2023-08-01 03:03:021
WWE是什么时候开始的？谢谢了，大神帮忙啊
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win7 ultimate 和 pro有什么区别
win7有些功能是旗舰版特有的，专业版里没有2023-08-01 03:02:552