藏羚羊用英语怎么说

是的。很明显。

As we all know,the wild elephant, in South Africa, has been increasingly lessening.Why have elephants in South Africa faced so dangerous situation?First of all,some illegal merchants catch the elephants for their tusks to make all kinds of ormaments and medicine.For the other,The area of their habitates has been increasingly decreasing.Some effective measures must be taken to solve thes problems.As far as I am concerned,the goveronment should make serious regulations to forbid catching elephant and punish those who catch elephant badly.Besides,we should try our best to protect the habitas of those elephant,which is essential for therir existance.Moreover,more volunteers should spread the message of the importance of protecting the South Africa"s elephant.If we do not take sound solution to protect,the fantastic species--=elephants in South Africa will become extinct .

“争抢生源”"Competition for students"

注：野生动物是 part of wildlife 以下是Wildlife:Wildlife includes all non-domesticated plants, animals and other organisms. Domesticating wild plant and animal species for human benefit has occurred many times all over the planet, and has a major impact on the environment, both positive and negative. Wildlife can be found in all ecosystems. Deserts, rain forests, plains, and other areas including the most developed urban sites, all have distinct forms of wildlife. While the term in popular culture usually refers to animals that are untouched by human factors, most scientists agree that wildlife around the world is impacted by human activities.Humans have historically tended to separate civilization from wildlife in a number of ways including the legal, social, and moral sense. This has been a reason for debate throughout recorded history. Religions have often declared certain animals to be sacred, and in modern times concern for the natural environment has provoked activists to protest the exploitation of wildlife for human benefit or entertainment. Literature has also made use of the traditional human separation from wildlife.

例文Dear WWF,I am writing to express my concerns about the protection of elephants. As we all know, elephants are one of the most magnificent creatures on earth and play an essential role in maintaining ecological balance. However, their populations have been declining in recent years due to various human activities such as poaching and habitat destruction.Therefore, I urge you to take action to protect these beautiful animals. One way to do this is by raising public awareness of the importance of elephant conservation. This can be achieved through education programs and media campaigns, which can educate people on the devastating effects of elephant poaching and encourage them to take action.Additionally, it is crucial to collaborate with governments, organizations, and local communities in conservation efforts. By promoting sustainable tourism and livelihoods for local people, we can help reduce the demand for ivory and protect elephant habitats.In conclusion, I hope that WWF will continue to work tirelessly to protect elephants and preserve their habitats. Every effort counts, and together, we can make a difference in saving these magnificent animals.Sincerely,Li Hua重点词汇：1. Magnificent (adj.) - 壮丽的，宏伟的2. Ecological balance (n.) - 生态平衡3. Declining (adj.) - 衰退的，下降的4. Poaching (n.) - 盗猎，偷猎5. Habitat destruction (n.) - 栖息地破坏6. Raise awareness (phr.) - 提高意识7. Education programs (n.) - 教育项目8. Media campaigns (n.) - 媒体宣传活动9. Collaboration (n.) - 合作10. Sustainable tourism (n.) - 可持续旅游11. Livelihoods (n.) - 生计，谋生之道12. Ivory (n.) - 象牙例句：1. The Grand Canyon is a magnificent natural wonder and attracts millions of tourists every year.（大峡谷是一个壮丽的自然奇观，每年吸引着数百万游客。）2. The ecological balance in the forest has been disturbed by illegal logging and hunting.（非法砍伐和捕猎扰乱了森林的生态平衡。）3. The number of wild tigers has been declining, mainly due to poaching for their fur and bones.（野生老虎数量一直在下降，主要是由于为了它们的皮毛和骨头而进行盗猎。）4. Many animals are endangered because of habitat destruction caused by human activities like deforestation and urbanization.（许多动物因为人类活动导致的森林砍伐和城市化等栖息地破坏而处于濒危状态。）5. Public campaigns can contribute significantly to raising awareness about the importance of environmental protection.（公共宣传活动可以对提高人们对环境保护重要性的认识有很大的贡献。）

The Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica), also known as the Siberian , Manchurian or North China tiger , is confined completely to the Amur region in far eastern Siberia, where it is now protected. The last two censuses (1996 and 2005) found 450u2013500 Amur tigers within their single and more or less continuous range making it one of the largest undivided tiger populations in the world. Considered the largest subspecies, with an average weight of around 227 kg (500 lb) for males. The Amur tiger is also noted for its thick coat, distinguished by a paler golden hue and a smaller number of stripes. The Amur tiger is the largest and heaviest of all naturally-occurring felines. A six-month old Amur tiger can be as big as a fully grown leopard People in varies countries have use their fur for clothes or display purpose. Chinese believe that the bones and penis of tiger could be used as medicine and strength men"s ability

Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris) ssp.altaica uff09Also known as the Amur tiger, is one of the subspecies of tiger. It is the largest carnivorous feline with the body length of about 3 meters and the tail length of about 1 meter. The average adult male is 250 kg, and some are about 350 kg. The wild Siberian tiger has brown yellow summer hair and light yellow winter hair. On the back and side of the body, there are many black narrow stripes, usually 2 close to each other and are like willow leaves. The head is large and round, with several black stripes on the forehead. It is often colluded in the middle, which is very similar to the word "King". Therefore, it has the reputation of "king of the jungle".Inhabits areas of forest, shrub and weeds. Living alone, no settlement, with field behavior, activity range of more than 100 square kilometers. Nocturnal sex, keen senses, ferocious, quick action, good at swimming, can not climb trees, rarely attack human. Northeast Tiger mainly preys on deer, sheep, wild boar and other large and medium-sized mammals, but also eat small mammals and birds. The way of predation is sneak attack. The gestational period is 103-105 days. 2-4 offspring are born once every 2-3 years. The wild life span is 15-17 years, the maximum is 20 years. The life span of artificial breeding is 20-25 years.It is distributed in Northeast Asia, that is, Siberia, North Korea and Northeast China. Due to habitat destruction and poaching, by the beginning of 2015, there were only 500 Siberian tigers left in the world.

他们答的都比俺想的全面

rhinoceros[英][rau026au02c8nu0252su0259ru0259s][美][rau026au02c8nɑ:su0259ru0259s]n.犀牛; 脸皮和犀牛皮一样厚; 复数：rhinoceroses以上结果来自金山词霸例句:1.New security companies are being started to fight an increase in rhinoceros poaching. 新的保安公司都开始与持续增加的犀牛偷猎作斗争。

Common Name Elephant ; Elephant (Fr); Elefante (Sp) Scientific Name Elephas maximus (southern Asia), Loxodonta africana (Africa) Location Africa, Asia These large and magnificent creatures need a lot of food and freedom if they are to survive. They wander in small to large herds over sometimes incredibly large areas while consuming up to several hundred kilogrammes of plant matter in a single day. Elephants, in fact, place such great demands on their own environment that in order to survive, it will frequently bring them into conflict with man who is competing for many of these same, often scarce resources. On the ground on two continents In all, the problems facing elephants in Asia and Africa are varied and complex. To this end, WWF is involved in their conservation through 2 key programmes which address local key issues, the realities faced on the ground, and this ever present conflict with man. These programmes are: Asian Rhinos and Elephants Action Strategy (AREAS): This ambitious Programme brings together cutting edge conservation biology with trade monitoring, socio-economic analysis, and policy advocacy, promising new hope for dwindling populations of these threatened pachyderms. WWF African Elephant Programme: The Programme aims to conserve forest and savanna elephant populations across Africa by supporting projects that improve protection and management, build capacity within range states, mitigate human-elephant conflict and reduce illegal trade. Physical Description Species Description Elephants are identified by their massive bodies and their trunk, which is used to pick a variety of objects, including food. The head is large in relation to the rest of the body and the African species is noted for its very large ears. Hair is sparse. The Asian elephant has four hooves (occasionally five) on the hind foot and five on the forefoot, and the African elephant has three on the hind foot and five on the forefoot. Size Living members of the order Proboscidea have a maximum height of nearly 400 cm and a weight of up to 7,500 kg. Habitat Biogeographic realm Indo-Malayan, Afrotropical Geographical Location Africa, Asia The giant panda has a very distinctive black-and-white coat, and adults measure around 1.5m long and around 75cm tall at the shoulder. Males can weigh up to 115 kg (253 pounds). Females are generally smaller than males, and can occasionally weigh up to 100 kg (220 pounds). Giant pandas live in mountainous regions, such as Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, and Tibet. While the Chinese dragon has been historically a national emblem for China, since the latter half of the 20th century, the panda has also become an informal national emblem for China, and its image is found on many Chinese gold coins. Despite being taxonomically a carnivore, the panda has a diet that is primarily herbivorous, which almost exclusively consists of bamboo. This is an evolutionarily recent adaptation, or perhaps just a very awkward one; pandas lack the proper enzymes to digest bamboo efficiently, and thus derive little energy and little protein from it. While primarily herbivorus, the panda still retains decidedly ursine teeth, and will readily eat meat, fish, and eggs when available, but their sluggish speeds, a consequence of their mainly bamboo diet, ensure that these more energy-rich foods are seldom available to them outside of captivity. In captivity, zoos typically maintain the pandas" bamboo diet, though some will provide specially formulated biscuits or other dietary supplements. Unlike most bears, but like most subtropical mammals, the giant panda does not hibernate. For many decades the precise taxonomic classification of the panda was under debate as both the giant panda and the distantly related red panda share characteristics of both bears and raccoons. However, genetic testing suggests that giant pandas are true bears and part of the Ursidae family, though they differentiated early in history from the main ursine stock. The giant panda"s closest bear relative is the Spectacled Bear of South America. (Disagreement remains about whether or not the red panda belongs in Ursidae; the raccoon family, Procyonidae; or in its own family, Ailuridae.) Giant pandas are an endangered species, threatened by continued habitat loss and by a very low birthrate, both in the wild and in captivity. Poaching is uncommon; killing a panda was punishable in China by death until a 1997 law changed the penalty to 20 years imprisonment. The giant panda has an unusual paw, with a "thumb" and five fingers; the "thumb" is actually a modified sesamoid bone, which helps the panda to hold the bamboo while eating. Stephen Jay Gould wrote an essay about this, then used the title The Panda"s Thumb for a book of essays concerned with evolution and intelligent design. The giant panda has a short tail, approximately 15 cm long. The giant panda has long been a favorite of the public, at least partly on account of the fact that the species has an appealing baby-like cuteness that makes it seem to resemble a living teddy bear. The fact that it is usually depicted reclining peacefully eating bamboo, as opposed to hunting, also adds to its image of innocence. Though the giant panda is often assumed docile because of their cuteness, they have been known to attack humans, usually assumed to be out of irritation rather than predatory behavior. Giant pandas can usually live to be 20-30 years old while living in captivity. Until recently, scientists thought giant pandas spent most of their lives alone, with males and females meeting only during the breeding season. Recent studies paint a different picture, in which small groups of pandas share a large territory and sometimes meet outside the breeding season

rhinoceros犀牛双语对照词典结果：rhinoceros[英][rau026au02c8nu0252su0259ru0259s][美][rau026au02c8nɑ:su0259ru0259s]n.犀牛; 脸皮和犀牛皮一样厚; 复数：rhinoceroses以上结果来自金山词霸例句:1.New security companies are being started to fight an increase in rhinoceros poaching. 新的保安公司都开始与持续增加的犀牛偷猎作斗争。

As of 2003 land desertification in China has 2.674 million square kilometers, accounting for 27.9% of the total land area, covering 18 provinces of the 471 counties. Caused by desertification every year in direct economic losses amounted to more than 540 billion yuan. And the rate of annual expansion of 3,436 square kilometers. According to reportsmanagement, by 2010, China will strive to achieve the basicwho can basically be governed. Then caused the causes of north-western region, accounting for 34.6% of land area. 80% of the land has occurred in varying degrees of desertification. Resulting in about the causes of desertification in China, Ma Wenyuan, researchers believe that, with increasingly frequent dust storms, desertification has drawn increasing attention. The continuous , deforestation, excessive grazing, excessive, indiscriminate exploitation of water resources and hunting, And while many factors are usually additive effect, making China"s the growing trend of desertification. First, the abuse of Ken. Because of population growth and short-term benefits, many parts of the unplanned, uncontrolled for reclamation, weed cutting forests, but also not prepared soil and water conservation and ecological maintenance, leading to desertification, but also accelerate the desertification process in ecologically fragile areas, "opened a year pasture, RBI two years the amount of sand beams become three to five years, "occurs frequently. Second, deforestation. Because the main source of energy for the burning of arid areas of fuelwood, with the increase of population, residents cut down trees, and even used sand-fixing in the shelter were not spared. Third, and overgrazing. Because long-term overuse, such as desertification, Grassland overload rate of 50%, in part, I even up to 300%, not only caused large-scale grassland degradation, desertification, degradation of an annual rate of expansion of two or three Qianwan Mu, and grassland productivity than five decreased by about ten years on behalf of the 30% to 50%. Prairie "waist deep without the fifties and sixties did not hip, knee seventies and eighties did not ankle," the jingle vividly illustrate this dilemma. Fourth, excessive. Spring and autumn every year, the influx of large numbers of people in Inner Mongolia, Gansu and other exploitation of high economic value of licorice, seaweed and herbs, plus various types of large-scale deforestation, mining engineering weeding, removal of vegetation, resulting in large areas of forest, grassland desertification. Fifth, the abuse of water resources. As the Chinese way of irrigation, flood irrigation is still a serious waste of water resources, while the Northwest and North China drought, coupled with no rational allocation of water resources and management, excessive use of water upstream of the river, causing downstream water shortages, large areas of dead vegetation, land desertification . The local residents have over-grazing sheep, but also accelerates the grassland degradation, desertification rate, the current desertification area has reached sixty thousand square kilometers, to provide endless sources of sand dust storms; other use of water resources is not enough, a lot of exploitation of groundwater has resulted in ground vegetation withered, so large areas of dead ground vegetation, land degradation. VI hunting abuse. Economic value of wildlife-rich because of habitat destruction or by a large number of poaching, the number dropped, to maintain the ecosystem balance of the food chain imbalance, indirectly causing desertification. Such as the Qinghai vole was originally the hunting falcon eats a lot, due to a large number of stolen fishing, so that the proliferation of rodents, a large area grazed grassland, leading to desertification

以下为听译的前两部分Imagine if elephants could simply give us their ivory, but instead, we steal it by killing up to 33,000 a year, just for the things that could be made of something else. Elephants need their ivory, we don"t. Please tell your friends and family to be ivory free. When the buying stops, the killing can, too.Some people think, it"s clever to eat these cute animals -- pangolins. In fact, it"s dangerous. There is seriousness of picking up parasite or catching diseases. And the scales use for medicine, they are keratin, just like the figure nails. And these animals are becoming endangered. Never eat pangolin or use their scales. When the buying stops, the killing can, too.附上后面的：In the 1990s, Taiwan was the biggest buyer of rhino horn, but when we realized it was wrong, we stopped, end the poaching deal ,too. In 2009, Vietnam emerged as the new market, and the poaching increased again. So please don"t bring shame on your country. Joining us now, we helping the rhinos. Never buy rhino horn, together we can save the rhinos. When the buying stops, the killing can, too.If people tell you Shark fin soup doesn"t kill millions of sharks this year, don"t buy it. If they tell you, it not harm the shark populations, don"t buy it. If they tell you, it doesn"t contain mercury that can hurt you, don"t buy it. For your health, for the sharks, for the ocean, please say no to Shark fin soup. When the buying stops, the killing can, too. 以上为辛苦听译，希望对你有帮助，请采纳。附英文视频链接https://v.qq.com/x/page/o0334fnzpd8.html

　　保护大象是一个长久的斗争，但是写一篇关于保护大象的英语作文，一瞬间就能够解决。下面是我给大家整理的如何保护大象英语作文，供大家参阅! 　　如何保护大象英语作文篇1 　　Dear schoolmates,Elephants are the largest mammals on land. They can live as long as 80 years. However,these days the number of elephants is becoming much smaller. Because people cut down forests they are losing their homes. Also,people kill them for their ivory. Elephants are in great danger. I think we should try our best to protect them. First,we should help make rules to stop people from killing elephants. Second,we shouldnu2019 t cut down trees. Third,we shouldn"t buy anything made of ivory. 　　I believe everydne,s contribution (贡献) can make a big difference. 　　Wang Peng 　　如何保护大象英语作文篇2 　　The appearance of the elephant is very strange. It has four strong legs, basketball head has a long nose and two big ears, fan and eyes is very small. Large body has a small tail and specially used to keep the flies away, mosquitoes. It that sharp teeth and make fearsome opponents. 　　Like an elephant drinking water a lot of fun. It with long nose sucked into the water first, and then put the nose into the mouth, the water will automatically flow into his mouth. But sometimes still had water on the outside of the mouth flow, the elephant is really silly! 　　The elephant is a social animal. A herd of elephants in there is always a respected leading elephant, he will lead the elephant population migration, and to protect elephants from other brutal attack, so a great responsibility, a difficult task. 　　The elephant is an ancient mammals. For millions of years before, it is with dinosaurs and other animals living on the earth, then the dinosaurs, but the elephant is stubbornly survive, means the elephant to adapt to the environment ability is stronger. Today, the human should endeavor to protect elephants, elephant, as a kind of animal species to survive a few million years is not a problem. 　　如何保护大象英语作文篇3 　　As we all know,the wild elephant, in South Africa, has been increasingly lessening. 　　Why have elephants in South Africa faced so dangerous situation?First of all,some illegal merchants catch the elephants for their tusks to make all kinds of ormaments and medicine.For the other,The area of their habitates has been increasingly decreasing.Some effective measures must be taken to solve thes problems. 　　As far as I am concerned,the goveronment should make serious regulations to forbid catching elephant and punish those who catch elephant badly.Besides,we should try our best to protect the habitas of those elephant,which is essential for therir existance.Moreover,more volunteers should spread the message of the importance of protecting the South Africa"s elephant. 　　If we do not take sound solution to protect,the fantastic species--=elephants in South Africa will become extinct . 　　如何保护大象英语作文篇4 　　Have you ever see an elephant? No!!!! Maybe you are seen on TV, or maybe you"re just seen in the gallery, maybe you just stay in and understanding of the elephant elephant on the two words, but the elephant really there are many, many things are all don"t know. 　　People to see the elephants first impression is that they are really big! Very grand! Indeed, the elephant is the largest remaining terrestrial mammals on earth. These magnificent animals in addition to the large body, super strength, and with a lot of amazing places: elephants are smart and sensitive; The elephant mutual love between family members; Life to comply with a set of complex social rules; The elephant will remember already dead family members, maybe die in their sad for a long time. The life of these behemoths rather than you or me, they are the perfect combination of strength and tenderness, impressive. Although the elephant gargantuan, but also very fragile. Despite their strength supergroup, many kinds of wild like a fight for survival. 　　Asian and African continent once lived hundreds of elephants, but in the past century, the elephant populations fell by more than 50%, wild elephant, now no more than 550000 head. 　　The main reason for the elephant poaching is for ivory. To one thousand, ivory have been used to produce a variety of items, including piano keys, ivory billiards, chopsticks, seals and other luxury decoration. People from the dead elephants for ivory, therefore humans began to hunt elephants. 　　Months before 2011, west African country of the republic of Chad were hunted for at least 50 elephant ivory and serious threat of elephants from poaching in the country. Number of Chad elephant fell more than 37% in recent years, from 2006 in 4000 to 2010 in 2500. 　　To protect elephants. Continues to exist if the ivory trade, elephant habitat, continue to reduce the elephant also will continue to be in serious danger. Conservation groups claim system with comprehensive methods to save the elephants. They support the positive action, nip in the bud, before the problem become too serious, efforts to solve the problem. Different governments, organizations, enterprises and society must work together to protect the elephant habitat, less people like conflict, termination of ivory trade to protect elephants from poaching. 　　Like the tiger, and other species, the elephant is to protect the enterprise"s flagship project - protect elephants means a wider range of biodiversity and ecosystem will be protected. Elephant if extinction, we lost not only is one of the most intelligent, the most beloved animals, and for many other species will have disastrous effects. 　　Protect elephants, everybody is responsible for, don"t let the elephant again hurt, don"t let this lovely animals become a thing of the past, we hope they will always live in this world, as human"s good friends, continue to survive! 　　

Saving Giant PandaThe giant panda is the rarest member of the bear family and among the worldu2019s most threatened animals. It is universally loved.Today, the giant panda"s future remains uncertain. As China"s economy continues rapidly developing, this bamboo-eating member of the bear family faces a number of threats. Its forest habitat, in the mountainous areas of southwest China, is increasingly fragmented by roads and railroads. Habitat loss continues to occur outside of protected areas, while poaching remains an ever-present threat.Great strides have been made in recent years to conserve the giant pandas. By 2005, the Chinese government had established over 50 panda reserves, protecting more than 2.5 million acres - over 45 percent of remaining giant panda habitat u2013 protecting more than 60 percent of the population.NGO"s main role in China is to assist and influence policy level conservation decisions through information collection, demonstration of conservation approaches at all levels and capacity building. In addition, WWF also serves as a facilitator; a source of information and a communicator in panda conservation.Early panda conservation work included the first-ever intensive field studies of wild panda ecology and behavior. Current work focuses on the Minshan Mountains in Sichuan and Gansu provinces and the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi province. Specifically our work includes:1. Increasing the area of habitat under legal protection2. Creating green corridors to link isolated pandas3. Patrolling against poaching, illegal logging and encroachment4. Building local capacities for nature reserve management5. Continued research and monitoringRecently, WWF has been helping the government of China to undertake its National Conservation Program for the giant panda and its habitat. This program has made significant progress. Reserves for the pandas cover more than 3.8 million acres of forest in and around their habitat.

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The giant panda is the rarest member of the bear family and among the worldu2019s most threatened animals. It is universally loved. Today, the giant panda"s future remains uncertain. As China"s economy continues rapidly developing, this bamboo-eating member of the bear family faces a number of threats. Its forest habitat, in the mountainous areas of southwest China, is increasingly fragmented by roads and railroads. Habitat loss continues to occur outside of protected areas, while poaching remains an ever-present threat. Great strides have been made in recent years to conserve the giant pandas. By 2005, the Chinese government had established over 50 panda reserves, protecting more than 2.5 million acres - over 45 percent of remaining giant panda habitat u2013 protecting more than 60 percent of the population. NGO"s main role in China is to assist and influence policy level conservation decisions through information collection, demonstration of conservation approaches at all levels and capacity building. In addition, WWF also serves as a facilitator; a source of information and a communicator in panda conservation. Early panda conservation work included the first-ever intensive field studies of wild panda ecology and behavior. Current work focuses on the Minshan Mountains in Sichuan and Gansu provinces and the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi province. Specifically our work includes: 1. Increasing the area of habitat under legal protection 2. Creating green corridors to link isolated pandas 3. Patrolling against poaching, illegal logging and encroachment 4. Building local capacities for nature reserve management 5. Continued research and monitoring Recently, WWF has been helping the government of China to undertake its National Conservation Program for the giant panda and its habitat. This program has made significant progress. Reserves for the pandas cover more than 3.8 million acres of forest in and around their habitat.

Pandas are a type of bear that are native to China.They have a distinctive black and white fur pattern.Pandas primarily eat bamboo, but they can also eat small animals and fish.They are an endangered species due to habitat loss and poaching.Pandas are known for their cute and cuddly appearance, and they are a popular symbol of China.Many zoos around the world have pandas, and efforts are being made to protect and preserve their population in the wild.

rhinoceros犀牛双语对照词典结果：rhinoceros[英][rau026au02c8nu0252su0259ru0259s][美][rau026au02c8nɑ:su0259ru0259s]n.犀牛;脸皮和犀牛皮一样厚;复数：rhinoceroses以上结果来自金山词霸例句:1....展开rhinoceros犀牛双语对照词典结果：rhinoceros[英][rau026au02c8nu0252su0259ru0259s][美][rau026au02c8nɑ:su0259ru0259s]n.犀牛;脸皮和犀牛皮一样厚;复数：rhinoceroses以上结果来自金山词霸例句:1.Newsecuritycompaniesarebeingstartedtofightanincreaseinrhinocerospoaching.新的保安公司都开始与持续增加的犀牛偷猎作斗争。-----------------------------------如有疑问欢迎追问！满意请点击右上方【选为满意回答】按钮收起

hello 、I am bear .i come for china .i has a........................

问题一：保护大象的短语 英语的 protect elephants 保护大象 save elephants 拯救大象 问题二：大象的英文怎么说 你好。大象 elephant;[医]heffalump; ● 例句 1. 能够抑制猎杀大象数目的上升吗？ Can this increase in elephant poaching be reversed? 2.还有你看见大象了吗？ And did you see the elephant? 希望可以帮到你。 问题三：英语作文(写一篇保护大象的倡议书80字) Elephants are the biggest animals on the land.They are big and srong.They have big ears and trunks.They can walk quietly and help people move heavy things. They are very friendly,kind and always live together.But the number of elephants reduces.People kill elephants for their ivories.We must take action to protect them or else they will extinct from the world. 问题四：大象用英语怎么说！ 大象 elephant 复数 elephants 问题五：大象用英语怎么说 elephant

1.二发：第一次发球失误后的再次发球。2.Double：两次发球失误。3.out：接发或第一次发球出界。4.压线：接发压在界线上。5.重发：第一次或第二次发球压在接球线上后再次发球

Lions live in Africa continent,North and South lion mane is more developed,has been extended to the back and belly,but in humans with a shotgun on their "special care",the two subspecies have become extinct lions.India is located in the Asian lion smaller than Africa brothers,mane is relatively short.They are at the edge of extinction.The lion once lived in the southeast,Middle East,Europe,India and Africa.Life in Europe has been around first Century BC and extinction due to human activity,live in Asia,especially in British colonial India lions almost in early twentieth Century to be conquered India as ventilation like hunted to extinction,but always the lion as sacred Indians finally saved them,their placement in the northwest of India in the state of Gil national Forest Park.The lion has multiplied about 300400 heads.Life in the West Asian lion because of poaching and extinction,Gil national forest has become the Asian lion finally habitat.

　　网球术语列表　　A　　Ace (爱司球) – 一个接发球方球员碰不到的优质发球 Ad court – 每边球员左半边的球场。参见deuce court Advantage (占先) – 为一位球员在平分( deuce )后再得一分的情况。在这种情况下，这位球员只要再拿下一分，即可拿下该局 Alley – 单打边线( sideline )和双打边线中间的区域。sideline (边线)又称作 tramline Approach shot – 球员为了接下来要上网而打的一种球，通常带着下旋( underspin ) ATP – 国际职业网球联合会( Association of Tennis Professionals )，男子的职业网球联合会　　B　　Backcourt (后场) – 球场中发球线( service line )与底线( baseline )之间的区域。又称 No-Man"s Land Backhand (反手拍、反拍) – 一种以主要持拍手臂的背面来面向球的来向、跨过身体地挥动以击球的挥拍方法。对于右撇子而言是指左手边，对于左撇子而言则指右手边。参见正手拍( forehand ) Backspin (下旋、倒旋) – 球的底部向前旋转的旋转方式。造成球往上浮且落地后弹跳得较低。同 underspin Backswing (拉拍) – 击球前的将拍子向后拉，扭腰扩胸转肩的预备动作 Bagel (贝果) – 以6-0的比数赢下该盘。double bagel为以6-0，6-0的比数赢下该场比赛 Ball Boy (球童) – 为当每一分打完时，在球场上负责捡球的男性或女性。通常是青少年，在ATP赛事中。 Baseline (底线) – 在球场最远的两端的用以界定比赛球场范围的白线 Baseliner (底线型球员) – 比赛中在底线( baseline )附近击落地球( Groundstroke )、依靠其击落地球(Groundstroke)的品质来赢球的球员 Best of five (五盘三胜制) – 比赛最多打五盘，先赢三盘者获胜 Best of three (三盘两胜制) – 比赛最多打三盘，先赢两盘者获胜 Big serve (大力发球) – 一个强而有力的发球，通常使得发球方在这一分中占有优势 Block (挡) – 一种击球前挥拍动作不大的防御性击球方式，通常是在回发球时 Bread stick – 以6-1的比数赢下该盘。参见贝果( bagel ) Break (破发球局、破发) – 接发球方球员破了发球方球员的发球局而赢下该局 Break point (破发点) – 再赢一分即可破发的状况 Bye (第一轮轮空) – 该位球员不须要打第一轮，直接优惠晋级至第二轮。在部分赛事的赛制设计上会给予种子球员此优惠；或是由于参赛人数不足等原因而给予部分球员此优惠　　C　　Center line (中线) – 在球场中间，垂直于网子、用来界定发球有效区域的直线 Closed stance (封闭性撀球姿势) – 击球时，身体正前方之方向介于平行于底线与背对于对手之间，为传统击球技法。 Chip (切球、削球) – 一种带着下旋( underspin )地挡( block )一球的击球方法 Chip and charge – 为一种积极进攻的战略，回发球时带着下旋( underspin )然后上网 Chop (切球、削球) – 带着强烈下旋( underspin )的一球 Counterpuncher – 防御型的底线型( baseliner )球员，参见网球战略 Court（球场） – 设计用来打网球的区域 Crosscourt – 将球打进对手球场的斜对方　　D　　Deep (深) – 球的落点很接近底线( baseline )，是落点很接近网子的反义 Deuce (平分) – 在一局( game )中，比分40-40的情况。此时任何一方球员都必须连续赢两分才可赢得该局。参见占先( advantage ) Deuce court – 每边球员右半边的球场。参见ad court Dink – 脚步没有任何移动地击一球 Dirtballer – 擅长在红土球场上打球的球员 Double Fault (双发失误、双误) – 在一分之中连续两次发球失误( fault )，导致球员因此输掉该分 Doubles (双打) – 由四位球员一起打球的网球比赛，球场的每边各有两名球员 Down the line (直线行进) – 击一球并使之笔直地前进而进入对手的球场 Drop shot (过网急坠球、放小球) – 击球的力道很轻、使之刚好通过网子上方即坠下来的一球。目的是使位置离网子很远的球员防备不及 Drop volley – 由截击( volley )所击出的过网急坠球( drop shot )　　F　　Fault (发球失误) – 发球时，球没有落进正确的区域。因此这一分不会开始打 First Service (第一发球) – 在一分开始时，发球方球员所拥有的两次发球机会中的第一次发球机会 Flat (平击)、Flat Strike – 平击，自旋度极低的击球方式。例如：平击发球( a flat serve ) Follow through(随挥、随球动作) – 击到球之后的挥拍动作 Foot fault (脚误、脚部失误、踩线犯规) – 发球方球员发球时，在球拍触到球之前，因为脚踩进球场或跨过中心标(the center hash mask)的假想延伸线而导致该次发球失误 Forehand (正手拍、正拍) –一种以主要持拍手臂的正面面向球的来向、由身体后方向前挥击的挥拍方法。对于右撇子而言是指右手边，对于左撇子而言则指左手边。参见反手拍( backhand )　　G　　Game point (局点) – 指再赢得一分即可赢得该局的情况 Golden set – 没有输掉任何一分地赢下该盘 Golden Slam (金满贯) – 在一年之中，完成大满贯( winning the Grand Slam )且赢得奥林匹克运动会中网球项目的金牌 Grand Slam (大满贯) – 指一年里四个最著名的赛事：澳大利亚网球公开赛、法国网球公开赛 (又称罗兰·加洛斯)、温布尔登网球锦标赛、美国网球公开赛。完成大满贯( winning the Grand Slam )是指在一年之中这四个赛事全部赢下 Groundies (击落地球) – 参见Groundstroke Groundstroke (击落地球) – 在球于球场上弹跳一次后的正拍( forehand )或反拍( backhand )击球　　H　　Hail Mary – 一个极高的高吊球( lob )，目的是防守。 Head (拍头) – 球拍包含线的部分。 Hold (保住发球局、保发) – 发球方球员赢下该局。　　I　　I-formation – 双打中，在一分开始打之前，发球方球员和其搭挡站在球场同一边（deuce-court 或 ad-court）的一种站位法 Inside-out – 跑到球场的一边（例如：反手拍那边）然后击出 crosscourt 球 Inside-in – 跑到球场的一边然后击出直线行进(down the line)的球。其使用频率次于 inside-out　　J　　Jamming (近身球) – 发球或回击球时，将球笔直地打向对手的身体。　　K　　Kick serve (上旋发球) – 一种带着旋转、落地之后弹跳很高的发球　　L　　Lawn Tennis (草地网球) – 在草地上进行的网球 Let (触网) – 发球时，球触到网子之后落进对手球场中的有效区域。此时这分不算重打 Line Judge (线审) – 专门负责监视球行经球场边界线情况并宣判这一球是出界或界内的人，不受球员的驳回。线审必须服从主审( umpire )的判决，即使其与线审自己的判断不同 Lob (高吊球) – 一种过网高度极高的球。目的是使球飞越过网前对手的头顶而保证得分，对付发球上网型球员(serve & volleyer)的利器。参考网球战略 Longgame – 当该盘比分来到6-6，不实行抢七( tiebreak )，而是继续比赛至其中一方赢对方两局为止，称这种赛制为longgame。通常是在五盘三胜制( Best of five )的第五盘实行 Lucky loser (幸运的输球者) – 虽然输球但却幸运地仍可继续参赛的球员。通常发生的情况是：在主赛事第一轮开打前，有球员临时退赛，因此资格赛最后一轮输球的球员有机会虽然输球却仍能递补进去而获得主赛事的参赛资格，而成为幸运的输球者( lucky loser ) Love (零分) – 零 (网球比分) Love game – 没有让对手拿到任何一分就赢下的一局　　M　　Match point (赛末点、赛点) – 在一场比赛中领先的一方球员再赢得一分即可获胜的情况 Mini-break – 在抢七决胜局( tiebreak )中，赢下由对手发球的一分 Mixed Doubles (混合双打、混双) – 由四位球员一起打球的网球比赛，两男两女，球场的每边各有一男一女 Moonball (月亮球) – 高度极高的高吊球( lob )　　N　　No-Man"s Land – 球场中发球线( service line )与底线( baseline )之间的区域。也是球员最难防守的区域。亦名 Backcourt　　O　　Open stance (开放性击球姿势) – 击球时，身体正前方之方向线与底线( baseline )呈现接近于垂直的状态，但并不等于垂直，因此须利用上半身的转动来击球，为现代新式击球技法。 Out (出界) – 球落在有效区域之外 Overrule (改判) – 反转线审( linesperson )的判决结果。由主审( umpire )为之　　P　　Passing shot (穿越球) – 从网前对手旁边(非上方)通过的一球。参见高吊球( lob ) Poaching – 为双打中一种积极进攻的移位，网前球员移位去截击( volley )打向其搭挡的球 Point (分) – 从第一个成功的发球( service )到这一球结束的期间 Pusher – 不求打出致胜球( winner )、但求将球稳稳地回击回去的球员 Putaway – 在占优势时试图趁机结束这一分( point )的一球　　Q　　Quality (球质) – 参考各种要素造成对方击球的困难程度。球质为台湾网球术语，在中国亦称为制量。用于形容回球的困难程度：球质高->回球困难；球质差->回球简单。 决定球质的三要素： 速度、旋度、落点。 速度快、旋度高、落点佳就是颗球质高的漂亮击球。　　R　　Racquet (球拍) – 球员用来打网球的拍子，由木头、金属或其他人造材料制成，具有长握柄以及成圈状的大拍头，拍头中穿以网状紧绷的直线 Rally – (在发球之后)一连串的球的回击，直到其中一位球员将球击出界或未将球击入有效区域为止 Referee – 负责整个赛事规则执行的人(而非仅负责一场网球赛)。参见主审( umpire ) Retriever – 防御型的底线型球员( baseliner )。参见网球战略　　S　　Set point（盘点、盘末点） – 离赢得一盘比赛只差一分时 Singles（单打） – 仅由两名选手参与的网球比赛 Second Service（二发） – 在一分开始时，发球方所获得的两次发球中的第二次发球，也是最后一次发球 Seed (种子球员、种子) – 由于网球赛制通常采单淘汰制，为了不要让最好的一些球员在赛事前几轮就因彼此对上而出局，因此将参赛的最好的一些球员列入种子球员，并于签表中分散排列，以避免其在赛事前几轮就相遇 Serve（发球） – 由击球到对方半场开始一分的比赛 Serve and volley（发球上网） – 发球并立即向前移动来创造截击的机会并有希望获得这一分的战术 Service line (发球线) – 在球场中，平行于网子、用来界定发球有效区域最远范园的直线 Sideline (边线) – 界定单打( singles )或双打( doubles )有效区域两侧的线。同 tramline Slice（切削球） – （回球）用下旋的方式击球；（发球）带侧旋的发球 Smash – 扣杀是截击的一种，一般对方回球过高，这时可以利用一种类似发球的动作将球快速击打回对方场地以产生赢球。 Spin（旋转球） – 球在飞行过程中旋转，影响球的飞行轨迹和落地后的起跳。参看下旋( Backspin ) & 上旋( Topspin ) Split step – 一种步法，在对手击球前做小的起跳 Straight sets (直落盘数) – 赢得一场比赛，获胜者没有输掉任何一盘。　　T　　Tanking – 指因心理素质差或其他原因而故意输掉该场比赛；或指故意输掉非关键的一盘，以集中体能和注意力于关键的一盘 Tennis Ball (网球) – 打网球时所用的球，为柔软、中空、中间填以气体、表面上覆盖以合成纤维软毛的橡樛球 T (T点) – 中线( center line )和发球线( service line )交会而形成一T字形的地方 Tiebreak (抢七局、抢七、抢小分局、抢小分) – 指在一盘( set )的比分来到6-6时，为了决定该盘的胜负所进行的一个特殊的局( game )。领先对手2分以上(含2分)且其得分达七分(含七分)以上者胜出 Topspin (上旋) – 球的顶部向前旋转的旋转方式。造成球往下沈且落地后弹跳得较高 Tramline (边线) – 界定单打( singles )或双打( doubles )有效区域两侧的线。同 sideline　　U　　Underspin (下旋、倒旋) – 球的底部向前旋转的旋转方式。造成球往上浮且落地后弹跳得较低。同 backspin Umpire (主审) – (比赛间)负责独立自主地执行该场比赛规则的人，通常坐在网子旁边高高的椅子上 Unforced error (非受迫性失误) – 比赛间发球或回击球时无法归因的失误和球员因自己判断错误所迼成的失误　　V　　Volley (截击) – 趋前在球未落地前即击球。通常以落点佳而对方无法追及之小球达成致胜球。　　W　　Walkover (不战而胜) – 不须比赛即获得胜利。原因有：第一轮轮空( bye )、对手被取消资格、对手因受伤等原因无法参加比赛等 Wild card (外卡) – 即使排名不够或没有及时登记，仍然获得参赛的资格。一般给予的情况有：虽然排名仍不足，但有潜力的球员、知名球员因故长期未参赛而导致排名不足、排名很高的球员没有及时登记参赛等等 Winner (致胜球) – 若在连续对打时指的是：对手无法赶到的强而有力的一球，因而拿下这一分。若在发球时指的是：对手连碰都碰不到，也就是ACE，因而拿下这一分 WTA – 女子网球联合会( Women"s Tennis Association )，女子的网球联合会

Siberian Tiger (东北虎) The Siberian tiger (also known as the Amur, Korean, Manchurian, or North China tiger) is the largest and most powerful subspecies of naturally occurring feline. The Siberian tiger is almost totally confined to a very restricted part of eastern Russia, the Amur-Ussuri region of Primorye and Khabarovsk, a location it shares with the Siberian leopard, where they are now being actively protected. About 10% of Siberian tiger populations reside in China. The tiger population in the Sikhote-Alin was 250 in 1992, increasing to 350 as of 2004, despite significant losses of cubs due to car accidents on the single road that crosses their territory. Illegal poaching has been brought under control thanks to frequent road inspections. It is rumoured that there are still around 20 of these tigers in the Mount Changbai area of China. As the total population of these tigers fell to 150 in the wild, many subpopulations are possibly not genetically viable, subject to potentially catastrophic inbreeding. However, Russian conservation efforts have led to a revival of the subspecies, and the number of individuals in the Primorsky region of Russia has risen from 450 to 500 in the past decade, indicating positive growth.

Tigers (Latin:Panthera tigris, of Iranian origin: tighra) are mammals of the Felidae family and one of four "big cats" in the Panthera genus. They are predatory carnivores and the largest and most powerful of all living cat species. The Indian Subcontinent is home to more than 80% of the wild tigers in the world. Tigers breed well in captivity, and the captive population in the United States may rival the wild population of the world. Most tigers live in forests and grasslands (for which their camouflage is ideally suited). Among the big cats, only the tiger and jaguar are strong swimmers; tigers are often found bathing in ponds, lakes, and rivers. Tigers hunt alone and eat primarily medium-sized herbivores such as deer, wild pigs, and buffalo. However, they will also take larger or smaller prey on occasion. Humans are the tiger"s only serious predator and often kill tigers illegally for their fur or penises. Their bones and nearly all body parts are used in Chinese Medicine for a range of purported uses including pain killers and aphrodisiacs. Poaching for fur and destruction of habitat have greatly reduced tiger populations in the wild, and it has been placed on the endangered species list.

Title: The Amazing Giant PandaThe giant panda, also known as Ailuropoda melanoleuca, is one of the most beloved and iconic animals in the world. Native to the mountainous regions of central China, the panda is easily recognized by its distinct black and white fur pattern.Giant pandas have a unique and fascinating diet. They are primarily herbivores, with bamboo comprising 99% of their diet. They have a special adaptation in their digestive system to process bamboo efficiently. Despite being classified as carnivores, pandas have a thumb-like appendage, known as a "pseudo-thumb," which helps them grip and strip bamboo shoots.In terms of physical appearance, pandas have a stout body with round faces and expressive eyes. Their black ears, eye patches, legs, and shoulders contrast beautifully with their white torso. The panda"s friendly and innocent expression makes it incredibly adorable.Another interesting fact about pandas is their low reproductive rate. Females are fertile for only a few days each year, and the chances of successful mating are quite low. As a result, conservation efforts play a crucial role in ensuring the survival of these magnificent creatures. Giant pandas are considered an endangered species due to habitat loss and poaching.Efforts to protect pandas and their habitat have shown positive results. Conservation organizations work tirelessly to preserve bamboo forests and create protected areas where pandas can thrive. Breeding programs in captivity have also contributed to increasing the panda population.Beyond their conservation significance, pandas hold a special place in Chinese culture. They are often regarded as symbols of peace, friendship, and harmony. Giant pandas are beloved by people worldwide and have become ambassadors for wildlife conservation.In conclusion, giant pandas are extraordinary animals that captivate us with their unique appearance and gentle nature. They have become a symbol of conservation and inspire us to protect the natural world. Let us continue to appreciate and preserve the remarkable beauty of the giant panda for future generations to enjoy.

动副。动副。宾补是修饰宾语的，副词是修饰动词的。不明白。副词可以加到动名词前面后面都可以 getting off the bus在when后面，when相

nd的英文缩写的意思是需要，全称是need。 英 [ni:d] 美 [nid] vt. 需要; 必须; aux. 必须; 不得不; n. 需要; 需要的东西; 责任; 贫穷; vi. （表示应该或不得不做）有必要; 扩展资料 双语例句 1. Do not wait for good things to happen to you. You need to walk towards happiness. 不要等待好事降临，你要向幸福进发。 2. You"ll need to get on the right side of Carmela. 你得讨卡梅拉的`欢心。 3. You will need a pot of broth for poaching. 你需要一锅汤煮。 4. What is right for us need not be right for others. 对我们说是对的东西，对别人说未必正确。 5. Mommy, you don"t need to stay while we talk. 妈妈,我们谈话时你不必陪着.

网球术语中英文对照A * Ace (爱司球) – 一个接发球方球员碰不到的优质发球 * Ad court – 每边球员左半边的球场。参见deuce court * Advantage (占先) – 为一位球员在平分( deuce )后再得一分的情况。在这种情况下，这位球员只要再拿下一分，即可拿下该局 * Alley – 单打边线( sideline )和双打边线中间的区域。sideline (边线)又称作 tramline * Approach shot – 球员为了接下来要上网而打的一种球，通常带著下旋( underspin ) * ATP – 国际职业网球联合会( Association of Tennis Professionals )，男子的职业网球联合会 B * Backcourt (后场) – 球场中发球线( service line )与底线( baseline )之间的区域。又称 No-Man"s Land * Backhand (反手拍、反拍) – 一种以主要持拍手臂的背面来面向球的来向、跨过身体地挥动以击球的挥拍方法。对于右撇子而言是指左手边，对于左撇子而言则指右手边。参见正手拍( forehand ) * Backspin (下旋、倒旋) – 球的底部向前旋转的旋转方式。造成球往上浮且落地后弹跳得较低。同 underspin * Backswing – 击到球之前的挥拍动作 * Bagel (贝果) – 以6-0的比数赢下该盘。double bagel为以6-0，6-0的比数赢下该场比赛 * Ball Boy (球童) – 为当每一分打完时，在球场上负责捡球的男性或女性。通常是青少年，在ATP赛事中。 * Baseline (底线) – 在球场最远的两端的用以界定比赛球场范围的白线 * Baseliner (底线型球员) – 比赛中在底线( baseline )附近击落地球( Groundstroke )、依靠其击落地球(Groundstroke)的品质来赢球的球员 * Best of five (五盘三胜制) – 比赛最多打五盘，先赢三盘者获胜 * Best of three (三盘两胜制) – 比赛最多打三盘，先赢两盘者获胜 * Big serve (大力发球) – 一个强而有力的发球，通常使得发球方在这一分中占有优势 * Block (挡) – 一种击球前挥拍动作不大的防御性击球方式，通常是在回发球时 * Bread stick – 以6-1的比数赢下该盘。参见贝果( bagel ) * Break (破发球局、破发) – 接发球方球员破了发球方球员的发球局而赢下该局 * Break point (破发点) – 再赢一分即可破发的状况 * Bye (第一轮轮空) – 该位球员不须要打第一轮，直接优惠晋级至第二轮。在部分赛事的赛制设计上会给予种子球员此优惠；或是由于参赛人数不足等原因而给予部分球员此优惠 C * Center line (中线) – 在球场中间，垂直于网子、用来界定发球有效区域的直线 * Closed stance (封闭性撀球姿势) – 击球时，身体正前方之方向介于平行于底线与背对于对手之间，为传统击球技法。 * Chip (切球、削球) – 一种带著下旋( underspin )地挡( block )一球的击球方法 * Chip and charge – 为一种积极进攻的战略，回发球时带著下旋( underspin )然后上网 * Chop (切球、削球) – 带著强烈下旋( underspin )的一球 * Counterpuncher – 防御型的底线型( baseliner )球员，参见网球战略 * Court (球埸) – 设计用来打网球的区域 * Crosscourt – 将球打进对手球场的斜对方 D * Deep (深) – 球的落点很接近底线( baseline )，是落点很接近网子的反义 * Deuce (平分) – 在一局( game )中，比分40-40的情况。此时任何一方球员都必须连续赢两分才可赢得该局。参见占先( advantage ) * Deuce court – 每边球员右半边的球埸。参见ad court * Dink – 脚步没有任何移动地击一球 * Dirtballer – 擅长在红土球埸上打球的球员 * Double Fault (双发失误、双误) – 在一分之中连续两次发球失误( fault )，导致球员因此输掉该分 * Doubles (双打) – 由四位球员一起打球的网球比赛，球场的每边各有两名球员 * Down the line (直线行进) – 击一球并使之笔直地前进而进入对手的球场 * Drop shot (过网急坠球、放小球) – 击球的力道很轻、使之刚好通过网子上方即坠下来的一球。目的是使位置离网子很远的球员防备不及 * Drop volley – 由截击( volley )所击出的过网急坠球( drop shot ) F * Fault (发球失误) – 发球时，球没有落进正确的区域。因此这一分不会开始打 * First Service (第一发球) – 在一分开始时，发球方球员所拥有的两次发球机会中的第一次发球机会 * Flat (平击) – 带著较少旋转的一球。例如：平击发球( a flat serve ) * Follow through(随球动作) – 击到球之后的挥拍动作 * Foot fault (脚误、脚部失误、踩线犯规) – 发球方球员发球时，在球拍触到球之前，因为脚踩入球场或跨过中心标(the center hash mask)的假想延伸线而导致该次发球失误 * Forehand (正手拍、正拍) –一种以主要持拍手臂的正面面向球的来向、由身体后方向前挥击的挥拍方法。对于右撇子而言是指右手边，对于左撇子而言则指左手边。参见反手拍( backhand ) G * Game point (局点) – 指再赢得一分即可赢得该局的情况 * Golden set – 没有输掉任何一分地赢下该盘 * Golden Slam (金满贯) – 在一年之中，完成大满贯( winning the Grand Slam )且赢得奥林匹克运动会中网球项目的金牌 * Grand Slam (大满贯) – 指一年里四个最著名的赛事：澳大利亚网球公开赛、法国网球公开赛 (又称罗兰·加洛斯)、温布尔登网球锦标赛、美国网球公开赛。完成大满贯( winning the Grand Slam )是指在一年之中这四个赛事全部赢下 * Groundies (击落地球) – 参见Groundstroke * Groundstroke (击落地球) – 在球于球场上弹跳一次后的正拍( forehand )或反拍( backhand )击球 H61 Hail Mary – 一个极高的高吊球( lob )，目的是防守。 61 Head (拍头) – 球拍包含线的部分。 61 Hold (保住发球局、保发) – 发球方球员赢下该局。 I61 I-formation – 双打中，在一分开始打之前，发球方球员和其搭挡站在球场同一边( deuce-court 或 ad-court )的一种站位法 61 Inside-out – 跑到球埸的一边(例如：反手拍那边)然后击出 crosscourt 球 61 Inside-in – 跑到球埸的一边然后击出直线行进( down the line )的球。其使用频率次于 inside-outJ61 Jamming (近身球) – 发球或回击球时，将球笔直地打向对手的身体。 K61 Kick serve (上旋发球) – 一种带著旋转、落地之后弹跳很高的发球 L61 Lawn Tennis (草地网球) – 在草地上进行的网球 61 Let (触网) – 发球时，球触到网子之后落进对手球埸中的有效区域。此时这分不算重打 61 Line Judge (线审) – 专门负责监视球行经球场边界线情况并宣判这一球是出界或界内的人，不受球员的驳回。线审必须服从主审( umpire )的判决，即使其与线审自己的判断不同 61 Lob (高吊球) – 一种过网高度极高的球。目的是使球飞越过网前对手的头顶而保证得分 61 Longgame – 当该盘比分来到6-6，不实行抢七( tiebreak )，而是继续比赛至其中一方赢对方两局为止，称这种赛制为longgame。通常是在五盘三胜制( Best of five )的第五盘实行 61 Lucky loser (幸运的输球者) – 虽然输球但却幸运地仍可继续参赛的球员。通常发生的情况是：在主赛事第一轮开打前，有球员临时退赛，因此资格赛最后一轮输球的球员有机会虽然输球却仍能递补进去而获得主赛事的参赛资格，而成为幸运的输球者( lucky loser ) 61 Love (零分) – 零 (网球比分) ，源自法语。61 Love game – 没有让对手拿到任何一分就赢下的一局 M61 Match point (赛末点、赛点) – 在一场比赛中领先的一方球员再赢得一分即可获胜的情况 61 Mini-break – 在抢七决胜局( tiebreak )中，赢下由对手发球的一分 61 Mixed Doubles (混合双打、混双) – 由四位球员一起打球的网球比赛，两男两女，球场的每边各有一男一女 61 Moonball (月亮球) – 高度极高的高吊球( lob )N61 No-Man"s Land – 球场中发球线( service line )与底线( baseline )之间的区域。也是球员最难防守的区域。亦名 BackcourtO61 Open stance (开放性击球姿势) – 击球时，身体正前方之方向介于平行于底线( baseline )与面对于对手之间，为现代新式击球技法。 61 Out (出界) – 球落在有效区域之外 61 Overrule (改判) – 反转线审( linesperson )的判决结果。由主审( umpire )为之 P61 Passing shot (穿越球) – 从网前对手旁边(非上方)通过的一球。参见高吊球( lob ) 61 Poaching – 为双打中一种积极进攻的移位，网前球员移位去截击( volley )打向其搭挡的球 61 Point (分) – 从第一个成功的发球( service )到这一球结束的期间 61 Pusher – 不求打出致胜球( winner )、但求将球稳稳地回击回去的球员 61 Putaway – 在占优势时试图趁机结束这一分( point )的一球 R61 Racquet (球拍) – 球员用来打网球的拍子，由木头、金属或其他人造材料制成，具有长握柄以及成圈状的大拍头，拍头中穿以网状紧绷的直线 61 Rally – (在发球之后)一连串的球的回击，直到其中一位球员将球击出界或未将球击入有效区域为止 61 Referee – 负责整个赛事规则执行的人(而非仅负责一场网球赛)。参见主审( umpire ) 61 Retriever – 防御型的底线型球员( baseliner )。参见网球战略S61 Set point（盘点、盘末点） – 离赢得一盘比赛只差一分时 61 Singles（单打） – 仅由两名选手参与的网球比赛 61 Second Service（二发） – 在一分开始时，发球方所获得的两次发球中的第二次发球，也是最后一次发球 61 Seed (种子球员、种子) – 由于网球赛制通常采单淘汰制，为了不要让最好的一些球员在赛事前几轮就因彼此对上而出局，因此将参赛的最好的一些球员列入种子球员，并于签表中分散排列，以避免其在赛事前几轮就相遇 61 Serve（发球） – 由击球到对方半场开始一分的比赛 61 Serve and volley（发球上网） – 发球并立即向前移动来创造截击的机会并有希望获得这一分的战术 61 Service line (发球线) – 在球场中，平行于网子、用来界定发球有效区域最远范园的直线 61 Sideline (边线) – 界定单打( singles )或双打( doubles )有效区域两侧的线。同 tramline 61 Slice（切削球） – （回球）用下旋的方式击球；（发球）带侧旋的发球 61 Spin（旋转球） – 球在飞行过程中旋转，影响球的飞行轨迹和落地后的起跳。参看下旋( Backspin ) & 上旋( Topspin ) 61 Split step – 一种步法，在对手击球前做小的起跳 61 Straight sets (直落盘数) – 赢得一场比赛，获胜者没有输掉任何一盘。 T61 Tanking – 指因心理素质差或其他原因而故意输掉该场比赛；或指故意输掉非关键的一盘，以集中体能和注意力于关键的一盘 61 Tennis Ball (网球) – 打网球时所用的球，为柔软、中空、中间填以气体、表面上覆盖以合成纤维软毛的橡樛球 61 T (T点) – 中线( center line )和发球线( service line )交会而形成一T字形的地方 61 Tiebreak (抢七局、抢七、抢小分局、抢小分) – 指在一盘( set )的比分来到6-6时，为了决定该盘的胜负所进行的一个特殊的局( game )。领先对手2分以上(含2分)且其得分达七分(含七分)以上者胜出 61 Topspin (上旋) – 球的顶部向前旋转的旋转方式。造成球往下沈且落地后弹跳得较高 61 Tramline (边线) – 界定单打( singles )或双打( doubles )有效区域两侧的线。同 sidelineU61 Underspin (下旋、倒旋) – 球的底部向前旋转的旋转方式。造成球往上浮且落地后弹跳得较低。同 backspin 61 Umpire (主审) – (比赛间)负责独立自主地执行该场比赛规则的人，通常坐在网子旁边高高的椅子上 61 Unforced error (非受迫性失误) – 比赛间发球或回击球时无法归因的失误和球员因自己判断错误所迼成的失误 W61 Walkover (不战而胜) – 不须比赛即获得胜利。原因有：第一轮轮空( bye )、对手被取消资格、对手因受伤等原因无法参加比赛等 61 Wild card (外卡) – 即使排名不够或没有及时登记，仍然获得参赛的资格。一般给予的情况有：虽然排名仍不足，但有潜力的球员、知名球员因故长期未参赛而导致排名不足、排名很高的球员没有及时登记参赛等等 61 Winner (致胜球) – 若在连续对打时指的是：对手无法赶到的强而有力的一球，因而拿下这一分。若在发球时指的是：对手碰到了却回击不好的强力发球，因而拿下这一分 61 WTA – 女子网球联合会( Women"s Tennis Association )，女子的网球联合会.

亲，如果帮到你了要记得采纳哦！！The giant panda is a national treasure to protect animals, but now faces a serious problem, that is, the giant panda is close to extinction.At present, the country with the most pandas in the world is China, we have to protect giant pandas.The main reason for endangered giant pandas have a lot of, mainly to threeFirst of all, many forests have been cut down, that led directly to the panda"s habitat.Secondly, a lot of illegal poaching the giant panda, in order to obtain the skin of the giant panda, and used for smugglingFinally, the meaning of everyone to protect giant pandas is not strong enoughI hope all of us together to protect giant pandas。

Major Threats to the Panda 1. Destruction of the panda"s natural habitat. In the eleven years from 1973 to 1984, suitable panda habitat shrunk by 50 per cent in six isolated, but otherwise ideal, areas. A 1998 logging ban implemented by the Chinese government helped to slow the habitat destruction, but poaching and illegal logging are still a problem. 2. Interruption of migration routes. Bamboo, the Panda"s main food, flowers (produces seeds and dies) once every 10 to 100 years depending on the species. When the bamboo in one area flowers, pandas have to move to areas that have not flowered. Historically, it was easy for pandas to move from one area to another, but now it is not. Human population has expanded, roads and settlements have been built, and forests have been cleared for agriculture, fuelwood, and timber. These changes make panda migration difficult, often leaving pandas restricted to "islands of forest."3. Consumption of Wild Meat Although pandas are occasionally hunted for their pelts, most pandas that are injured or killed by poachers are inadvertently harmed when the pandas are caught in traps meant for musk deer, takin, bear, and other animals. Wild meat is sold in the markets and restaurants in cities nearby the reserve. Eating wild meat in China is a threat to panda survival. (Note, pandas are not sought for use in traditional Chinese medicine.)Wanglang Protects the Giant Panda by:· Patrolling the Reserve for poachers and sick or injured pandas.· Protecting the forests as a key habitat area.· Educating visitors about panda protection and environmental issues.· Supporting panda research.· Providing a corridor for panda migration between adjacent panda habitats.· Educating local residents about the value of conserving pandas.· Supporting economic development of local communities to minimize their need to use panda habitat for to provide for their livelihood.How You Can Protect Pandas· Know and follow the regulations of the Reserve.· Don"t purchase or eat any kind of wild meat.· Make a donation to panda conservation at Wanglang Nature Reserve· Purchase souvenirs at the Reserve, a portion of which supports panda conservation programs at Wanglang.· Join an environmental organization to protect wildlife.· Tell a friend about Wanglang and panda protection.

1. 以东北虎为题写一篇400字作文 东北虎因为起源于亚洲的北部，所以又被称为西伯利亚虎。在历史上，东北虎又是位老寿星，有三百万年的进化史。东北虎是大型捕食性猛兽，身长体重，强悍凶猛，与其它虎种相较，个体最大，体色最美，堪称“百兽之王”。 东北虎是典型的林栖动物，在我国长白山区，主要生活在针阔叶林和阔叶林中的山崖间和山坡多石砬子的地方，也常到灌木丛和高草中觅食。 东北虎爪子长达十厘米，比钢刀还锋利，犬齿长达六厘米，犹如尖刀利剑。东北虎体型庞大，平均体长为2。8米左右，尾长0。9~1米。虎身条纹常为赤褐色，背毛长44~45厘米，腹毛长55~65毫米；夏毛较深，较短。东北虎的平均寿命约为20岁。 东北虎以捕猎动物为食，捕猎对象为狍子，鹿，野猪等有蹄动物；东北虎性极机警，走起路来和猫一样，毫无动静，行走能力很强，一昼夜能走八十至九十公里，跳跃高度达两米；东北虎还会游泳，但不会爬树。 在二十世纪初，我国长白山地区的东北虎有百头之多，但由于后来人类大面积砍伐森林，大量捕杀野生动物，处于食物链顶端的东北虎的食物被剥夺。此外，人类为取虎骨，虎皮而乱补滥杀的行为，目前，野生东北虎在中国的分布已退至松花江南岸，集中在中俄边境地带，数量仅为十只左右。 目前对东北虎的保护分两种方式，一种为栖息地保护，一种为异地保护。我国 *** 为保护东北虎建立了长白山自然综合保护区和黑龙江省七星砬子东北虎保护区，进行栖息地保护。而各个动物园，主要进行异地保护。 世界野生动物基金会已将东北虎列为全球十大濒危动物之首。 2. 以东北虎为题目,写一篇英语作文,写它少的原因以及解救它的措施 Siberian tiger is the largest subspecies of tiger. It is the body"s largest carnivorous modern feline body color summer hair brown, winter hair yellow. Back and side of the body having a plurality of course black narrow stripes, typically 2 near willow-like form. Head large, round, several black stripes on the forehead, the middle is often collusion, mimicking the "King" character, the "King of the Jungle" reputation. Inhabit forests, shrubs and overgrown areas. Alone, no settlers, with the field of behavior, the scope of activities of up to 100 square kilometers. Nocturnal, sensory acuity, ferocious, fast action, good swim, poor climbing trees, rarely attack humans. Siberian tiger prey mainly deer, sheep, wild boar and other medium-sized mammals, also eat *** all mammals and birds, and bears. Way to attack prey. Pregnancy is 103-105 days, a viviparous 2-4 Aberdeen, producing o to three years time, the wild life of 15-17 years, life expectancy in captivity circumstances 20--25 years. Due to habitat destruction and poaching, are now on the verge of extinction.。 3. 介绍东北虎作文150字 我是一只凶猛的东北虎，一直居住在欢乐的动物园里。 一天早上，我起了床，便缓缓向饭堂跑去。没进饭堂，我就闻倒了牛肉的香味，坐下一看，一块块牛肉令人垂涎三尺。 “哗，多么丰富的早餐呀！”我情不自禁地说，便抓起一块肉往嘴里送。正当我吃得津津有味的时候，我的好朋友熊猫来了。 他开心地对我说：“听说，动物园要搬迁了。”我焦急地问：“要搬去哪呢？”“听说，要搬回一个大森林里去。” 大熊猫说。这几天，我一直在做着美梦，梦见自己终于可以再回大森林去保护动物了。 这回要梦想成真啦！可是，人类到大森林里猎杀我的兄弟姐妹，那血淋淋的场面仿佛又在眼前。想到这里，我又犹豫了。 我疑惑地对熊猫说：“如果我们搬了去，还会遭到人类残酷的猎杀吗？”“再也不会了，因为那里禁止狩猎。森林里有葱郁的树木，淙淙的溪流，广阔的草原，到时你又可以在那里尽情地奔跑了。” 熊猫兴奋地说。“那真是太好了。” 我乐不可支地说。顿时，我觉得早餐更香了，因为，我又可以回森林当动物们的保护神了。 我想：真要感谢觉醒的人类，是他们还我们一个美好的自由生活的空间。 4. 介绍东北虎作文150字 我是一只凶猛的东北虎，一直居住在欢乐的动物园里。 一天早上，我起了床，便缓缓向饭堂跑去。没进饭堂，我就闻倒了牛肉的香味，坐下一看，一块块牛肉令人垂涎三尺。“哗，多么丰富的早餐呀！”我情不自禁地说，便抓起一块肉往嘴里送。 正当我吃得津津有味的时候，我的好朋友熊猫来了。他开心地对我说：“听说，动物园要搬迁了。”我焦急地问：“要搬去哪呢？”“听说，要搬回一个大森林里去。”大熊猫说。 这几天，我一直在做着美梦，梦见自己终于可以再回大森林去保护动物了。这回要梦想成真啦！可是，人类到大森林里猎杀我的兄弟姐妹，那血淋淋的场面仿佛又在眼前。想到这里，我又犹豫了。 我疑惑地对熊猫说：“如果我们搬了去，还会遭到人类残酷的猎杀吗？”“再也不会了，因为那里禁止狩猎。森林里有葱郁的树木，淙淙的溪流，广阔的草原，到时你又可以在那里尽情地奔跑了。”熊猫兴奋地说。 “那真是太好了。”我乐不可支地说。顿时，我觉得早餐更香了，因为，我又可以回森林当动物们的保护神了。 我想：真要感谢觉醒的人类，是他们还我们一个美好的自由生活的空间。 5. 写一段介绍老虎的小作文,不少于5句话 虎是十二生肖中排行老三，它身上有着优美的花纹，像一张黄色的地毯，十分的亮丽。 它有时凶猛无比，也有时温柔善良，只要你对它友好，它也会对你友好，如果你对它凶狠，它就会更加地对你凶狠。 老虎是食肉性的动物，是一种有血性的却又动物，生性好性好胜，所以称之为“百兽之王。”它的性格好爱就是打架，喜欢斗欧，这所以才坐上了“百兽之王”的宝座。 但它有时候也是比较善良的，比如它对训兽而就很乖巧善良。 所以什么动物都有两面性，有善良的时候，也有凶狠的时候，比如人也是一样。 2.十二生肖中的虎，在古代常用作帝王，将军用来调兵遣将的虎符。 虎是百兽之王，它的高大，它的威猛，它的智慧给我留下了一个不可磨灭的映象，在端午节的时候，有用笔在额头上写一个大王的王字的习俗，它用来驱邪避凶，它就像一个忠诚的卫士，不让妖魔鬼怪靠近我们。 在森林中，它是狡猾的猎手，常常隐藏在暗处，等待着猎物自动送上门来，然后以迅雷不及掩耳之势，杀死猎物。不让猎物有喘息的机会，然后饱餐一顿。 6. 描写东北虎的文章或词句 东北虎，东北虎 你这百兽之王 你这森林的皇帝 雄风叱咤千年 一动便挟雷携电 人将英雄称为有“虎胆” 人将豪杰称为有“虎威” 而如今这就是你吗 你懒懒地栖息在这 人们为你布置的公园 你百无聊赖地嬉游睡觉 汽车开进虎园 甩出一些活鸡鸭 你追逐捕猎它们 跳跃在草丛和池塘里 躲在车里观看的游客 便爆发出一阵阵的喝彩 东北虎，东北虎 这就是你啊我的百兽之王 这就是你啊我敬畏的英雄 你祖先纵横驰骋的林莽呢？ 你和雷电一起跳舞的原野呢？ 那电闪雷鸣中的长啸 那快捷无伦的奔驰 难道都已永不属于你 纵然郊野虎园巨大 水草丰美如梦 你再也难寻莽原之美 你再难一展昔日风采 如今你苟延残喘 逍遥在这人工的樊篱 一则信息透露 现存的四百多只野生东北虎 绝大部分在俄国的森林 报纸连篇累牍地说 某地发现一只野生东北虎了 作为特大喜讯来报道 我掩卷叹息 遥望那幽远的森林 在东北虎的故土 这虎却再也不能繁衍在 那风雨雷电下的林莽 那龙吟虎啸的深山 我独吟一曲哀歌 在这东北虎的故乡 在这怀旧的夜 为这永远不再的 东北虎的往事 7. 以northeast tiger为题,写一篇关于东北虎的短文 As we all know,the number of Siberian tiger is being *** aller and *** aller. The appearances of Siberian tiger is terrifyingly.They are with an red-brown colour and brindle on their furs.They are mainly inhabit in forests and mountain area of the north by east in China.Their favourite food is fresh meat,especially the *** all animals.Their habitual behavior is to hide by day and e out at night. And we should try our best to protect them.。 8. 关于东北虎的说明文 东北虎是现存体重最大的猫科亚种（除了杂交动物 狮虎兽），其中雄性从头到尾体长可达3.2米左右，尾长约1米，体长1.6~2.1米，一般体重150~250公斤，有记录的最大野生东北虎体重达到450公斤，为原苏联捕获。 东北虎主要分布于中国的东北地区，国外见于西伯利亚。体色夏毛棕黄色，冬毛淡黄色。 背部和体侧具有多条横列黑色窄条纹，通常2条靠近呈柳叶状。头大而圆，前额上的数条黑色横纹，中间常被串通，极似“王”字，故有“丛林之王”之美称（另一说法：“汉字‘王"，是根据虎头斑纹之状所造的象形文字”）。 耳短圆，背面黑色，中央带有1块白斑。犬栖居于森林、灌木和野草丛生的地带。 独居，无定居，具领域行为， 夜行性。感官敏锐，性凶猛，行动迅捷，善游泳。 捕食大中型哺乳动物， 偶食小型哺乳动物和鸟。[编辑本段]分化 在朝鲜半岛分布的虎，曾被认为是一个单独的亚种-----朝鲜虎（KOREAN TIGER）。 据说毛色和普通东北虎不同，而且体型要更小。朝鲜虎学名为Panthera tigris coreensis ，由Brass于1904年定名。 由于朝鲜半岛的虎几近灭绝，所以无从考证。在没有十分确切的证据下，国际上普遍把朝鲜半岛产的虎列类东北虎。 [编辑本段]生活习性 东北虎主要分布在我国东北的小兴安岭和长白山区。它体魄雄健，行动敏捷，肩高1米以上，身长2.8米左右，尾长约1米，体重可达350多公斤，有“丛林之王”的称号。 东北虎的毛色鲜明美丽，虎爪和犬齿利如钢刀，锋利无比，长度分别为6厘米和10厘米，是撕碎猎物时不可缺少的“餐刀”，也是它赖以生存的有力武器。它还有条钢管般的尾巴。 东北虎捕捉猎物时常常采取打埋伏的办法，悄悄地潜伏在灌木丛中，一旦目标接近，便“嗖”地窜出，扑倒猎物，或用尖爪抓住对方的颈部和吻部，用力把它的头扭断；或用利齿咬断对方喉咙；或猛力一掌击到对方颈椎骨，然后慢慢地吃。 东北虎一般住在600—1300米的高山针叶林地带或草丛中，主要靠捕捉野猪、黑鹿和狍子为生。 它白天常在树林里睡大觉，喜欢在傍晚或黎明前外出觅食，活动范围可达60平方公里以上。 常言道：“谈虎色变”，“望虎生畏”。 在人们心目中，老虎一直是危险而凶狠的动物。然而，在正常情况下东北虎一般不轻易伤害人畜，反而是捕捉破坏森林的野猪、狍子的神猎手，而且还是恶狼的死对头。 为了争夺食物，东北虎总是把狼赶出自己的活动地带。东北人外出时并不害怕碰见东北虎，而是担心遇上吃人的狼。 人们赞誉东北虎是“森林的保护者”。[编辑本段]生长繁殖 东北虎一年大部分时间都是四出游荡，独来独往，没有固定住所。 只是到了每年冬末春初的 *** 期，雄虎才筑巢，迎接雌虎。不久，雄虎多半不辞而别，把产仔、哺乳、养育的任务全部推给雌虎。 雌虎怀孕期约3个月，多在春夏之交或夏季产仔，每胎产2—4仔。雌虎生育之后，性情特别凶猛、机警。 它出去觅食时，总是小心谨慎地先把虎仔藏好，防止被人发现。回窝时往往不走原路，而是沿着山岩溜回来，不留一点痕迹。 虎仔稍大一点，母虎外出时将它们带在身边，教它们捕猎本领。一二年后，小虎就能独立活动。 东北虎的寿命一般为28年左右。 大约是人类的50到60岁。 [编辑本段]爆发力和攻击力 东北虎如传说的山神一样，拥有火一样的神灵目光。它的身体厚实而完美， 背部和前肢上的强劲的肌肉在运动中起伏，巨大的四肢推动向前，是那样的平稳和安静，看起来就象在丛林中滑行一样，它相对地拥有尖硬的锯牙钩爪，拥有5个非常锐利的虎爪，使用时伸出，不用时缩回爪鞘避免行走时摩擦地面。 它生性内向，胆小孤独、多疑、凶猛、强壮有力，动作敏捷，在丛林中出没无常，一般人很难亲眼目睹野生的东北虎。传统看法其它虎种均为东北虎向地球其它地区扩展分化出来的。 在生态环境中也处于顶层的王者地位。 中国科学家在解剖东北虎的时候，发现它的肌肉一打开之后，比最好的健美运动员的肌肉还要好看，还要结实，肌纤维极为粗，浑身上下，很少能找到多余的脂肪，几乎很难见到脂肪，强壮的骨骼附有强大的肌肉，证明这种动物有极强的爆发力。 虎的爆发力有过实证，在北京动物园狮虎山兽舍的水泥地面上有一道被东北虎抓裂的裂痕。剥掉皮的狮虎惊人的相似。 [编辑本段]种群现状 东北虎的经济价值极高，传统看法认为虎的肉和内脏可入药治疗多种慢性疾病，一只成年虎的价值相当于30多张黑貂皮，也只因为这样，东北虎遭到无情的捕杀。虎的繁殖率也较低，它的寿命一般为25年左右，三四岁时性成熟，每年12月至翌年2月 *** ，怀孕期105~110天左右，每胎一般产三四仔。 幼虎吮吸母亲乳汁长大，要跟随母虎一二年才独立生活。想想看，人们对东北虎的捕杀率大大超过它的繁殖率，这是东北虎濒临灭绝的直接原因。 滥伐森林、乱捕乱杀野生动物，严重地破坏生态平衡，也是造成东北虎濒临灭绝的另一个重要的间接原因。我们知道，森林是虎的生存环境，在这个环境中也包含着虎的猎食对象——野猪、鹿等。 近年来由于偷猎者甚多，致使虎的捕食动物也大为减少，因此，维持野猪、鹿等有蹄动物与虎之间的生态平衡是很重要的。据考查，在一。 9. 介绍老虎的作文250~300字以内 你养猫吗？老虎是猫科动物，但比其它猫科动物更具有猫科动物的特征，老虎很像猫。如果你在猫的额头画个“王”字，再把它放大几倍，就可以大致看到老虎的样子了。有个成语叫“照猫画虎”，很形象地说出了猫与老虎在外貌上的相似性。当然，老虎一般是黄色的，皮毛上有斑斓的条纹。白虎黑虎但闻其名，不见其物，流于传说罢了。 俗语说“猫是老虎的老师”，但显然老虎青出于蓝而胜于蓝了。老虎的威势不是猫能比滴。我们看到小猫发怒作势只会觉得可爱，不会感到恐惧，而老虎作势欲扑却能让人肝胆欲裂，魂飞魄散。即使在动物园，一只老虎瞪视着你，也能让你感到压力，浑身不自在。虎视眈眈，岂可小看？ 10. 介绍老虎的作文250~300字以内 你养猫吗？老虎是猫科动物，但比其它猫科动物更具有猫科动物的特征，老虎很像猫。 如果你在猫的额头画个“王”字，再把它放大几倍，就可以大致看到老虎的样子了。有个成语叫“照猫画虎”，很形象地说出了猫与老虎在外貌上的相似性。 当然，老虎一般是黄色的，皮毛上有斑斓的条纹。白虎黑虎但闻其名，不见其物，流于传说罢了。 俗语说“猫是老虎的老师”，但显然老虎青出于蓝而胜于蓝了。老虎的威势不是猫能比滴。 我们看到小猫发怒作势只会觉得可爱，不会感到恐惧，而老虎作势欲扑却能让人肝胆欲裂，魂飞魄散。即使在动物园，一只老虎瞪视着你，也能让你感到压力，浑身不自在。 虎视眈眈，岂可小看？。

我说没友生音666

【 #英语资源# 导语】need有需要;必需等意思，那么你知道need的用法吗?下面跟着 一起来学习一下，希望对大家的学习有所帮助! 【篇一】need的用法 　　need的用法1：need用作实义动词的基本意思是缺少急切需要的东西,强调急需。 　　need的用法2：need是及物动词,可接名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词作宾语,也可接以动词不定式或过去分词充当补足语的复合宾语。 　　need的用法3：need用作实义动词时,可用于肯定句、否定句、疑问句等各种句式,有动词的全部变化形式。 　　need的用法4：need用作实义动词其主语在逻辑上是宾语所表示的对象时,宾语可用主动形式的动名词或名词表示,而不可用被动形式的动名词。 　　need的用法5：need用作情态动词时没有人称、时态及语态的变化,后面须接不带to的动词不定式一起用作谓语,表示“必须,必要”。一般只用于否定句或疑问句中,也可用于含有否定意味的肯定句中。 　　need的用法6：need not后可接动词不定式的被动式、进行时及完成时。当接动词不定式的完成式时常表示“做了本来不必做的事情”。 　　need的用法7：need用作名词作“需要,需求”解时,其后常接介词for或of短语作其定语,当表示“责任,必要”时,其后常接动词不定式。 　　need的用法8：need的复数形式needs可以表示多种需要。 【篇二】need的常用短语 　　用作名词 (n.) 　　if need be 　　如果需要的话i 【篇三】need的用法例句 　　1. Do not wait for good things to happen to you. You need to walk towards happiness. 　　不要等待好事降临，你要向幸福进发。 　　2. You"ll need to get on the right side of Carmela. 　　你得讨卡梅拉的欢心。 　　3. You will need a pot of broth for poaching. 　　你需要一锅汤来煮。 　　4. What is right for us need not be right for others. 　　对我们来说是对的东西，对别人来说未必正确。 　　5. Mommy, you don"t need to stay while we talk. 　　妈妈,我们谈话时你不必陪着. 　　6. There is a pressing need to modernise our electoral system. 　　我们的选举制度迫切需要现代化。 　　7. You need hard currency to get anything halfway decent. 　　你得有硬通货才能买到还算不错的东西。 　　8. Businesses need to train their workers better, and spend more on R&D. 　　各企业需要更好地培训工人，并且在研发方面加大投入。 　　9. Firms need a breathing space if they are to recover. 　　这些公司需要短暂休整才能恢复元气。 　　10. They will need a reasonable amount of desk area and good light. 　　他们将需要一个面积较大的摆放办公桌的地方和充足的照明。 　　11. If ever a man needed your love, I need it. 　　如果说真有一个男人需要你的爱，那就是我。 　　12. Adults need to live their own lives and that"s difficult with children. 　　大人需要过他们自己的生活，但有了孩子就很难做到了。 　　13. What we need is not manifestos of pious intentions, but real action. 　　我们需要的不是善意但难以实现的宣言，而是实际行动。 　　14. There are many emergencies which need prompt first aid treatment. 　　有很多紧急情况需要进行迅速的急救处理。 　　15. Make a checklist of the tools and materials you will need. 　　把你需要的工具和材料开一张单子。

　　动物是我们朋友，保护动物就是保护我们自己。我精心收集了关于保护动物英语对话，供大家欣赏学习! 　　关于保护动物英语对话1 　　A: You should have seen the T.V. show that was on last night, the topic it covered was really interesting; animal rights. 　　B: Do you really believe in that? If they are going to focus on something, they should do it on civil rights. 　　A: Yes, but we canu2019t deny that animals are vulnerable(脆弱的，易受伤的), defenseless(无防备的), and are completely at the mercy of human beings. 　　B: I understand your point, but we continue to have transgressions(违反，违法) against human rights. If so much attention werenu2019t devoted to the topic of animals, we would then concentrate more on saving a human being instead of protecting a koala. 　　A: You canu2019t compare apples and oranges; I believe that both topics are important and that we canu2019t ignore them, the mistreatment of animals can cause a great environmental imbalance. I believe that governments should prohibit activities like poaching. 　　B: Well, you are right on that point. This is the reason that I donu2019t buy leather and I try to buy synthetic(人工合成的) products. 　　A: At least youu2019re doing your part(帮助完成某个目标). My contribution is to have a pet in the house that I treat like a member of the family. 　　B: As long as you donu2019t treat it better than your wife, itu2019s fine. 　　关于保护动物英语对话2 　　保护野生动物 　　A; what do you think of the way people use and treat animals? 　　B: I think most people treat animals well, but we are often cruel to animals. When we raise animals or food, the conditions they live in are often poor. 　　A; perhaps people should stop eating animals. We could grow more crops. 　　B; what would you do with all the animas? You couldnu2019t just let them go. Besides, some people would still hunt them. Meat has become an integral part of our diet. 　　A; we could provide them with better conditions anyway. We should certainly try to improve the conditions at zoos. We should try to recreate the natural conditions as much as possible. 　　B: thatu2019s true. I think zoo are a good idea, because they allow people to get close to animals. I think itu2019s good for kids to see wild animals. 　　A; I agree. Iu2019m an adult and I love going to the zoo. I donu2019t like animals experiments though. I believe that we can do tests in other ways. 　　B; I read that the number of animals being used in experiments is falling dramatically as new techniques are being introduced. 　　A: thatu2019s good news. The good thing is that most people treat their pet well. 　　B; sometimes you read about people who have been cruel to pets or other animals, but those stories are rare. 　　A: have you every given money to any of the charities that take care of animals. 　　B: yes, I have. They do an excellent job. 　　A:你怎么了人们使用和对待动物的看法? 　　B：我想大多数人对待动物很好，但是我们经常残忍的动物。当我们提高食用动物方面，他们的生活条件往往很差。 　　A:也许市民应停止食用动物。我们可以种植更多的作物。 　　B:你会怎么做所有阿尼马斯?你不能只是让他们走。此外，一些人还会捕捉。肉已成为我们的饮食的一个组成部分。 　　A:我们可以提供更好的条件他们。我们当然要设法改善动物园的条件。我们应该努力创建尽可能的自然条件。 　　B：这是事实。我认为，动物园是一个好主意，因为它们让人们亲近动物。我认为，孩子们高兴地看到野生动物。 　　A:我同意。我是一个成年人，我喜欢去动物园。我不喜欢的动物实验，但没有。我相信我们可以在其他方面的测试。 　　B:我读的动物的数量正在实验中使用的是急剧下降的新技术正在实施之中。 　　A：这是好消息。令人欣慰的是，大多数人对待自己的宠物好。 　　B:有时你阅读的人谁被残酷的宠物或其他动物，但这些故事是罕见的。 　　A:每给你钱的慈善机构的任何照顾动物。 　　B:是的，我有。他们表现非常出色。 　　关于保护动物英语对话3 　　A: I do think people are consuming more and more habitat region of wild life. As authority has provided the number of wilds are decreasing, I think it due to man kind. 　　B: I couldn"t agree with you more. Last time I went to Sichuan, pandas can be found everywhere in the bamboo forest. But only 10 years has passed, panda merely can be found in zoos or protecting regions there. I think animal extinction is more and more common now. 　　C: I can only partly agree with former two, because I think animal"s termination is not to blame human only. Enviormental changes really matters to animals. Even global warming is not totally ours fault, it is reported by Australian researcher, herts of cows can leave tons of waste gases into the air daily which is tested out most CO2. That"s much more than human can produce a day. 　　D: Yes, I surpport C for evolutional theory of Darwin"s reason. I think species is developping their genes when passing down, maybe those extincting animals are those who don"t fit the surroundings?

The Tibetan antelope is a medium-sized bovid which is about 1.2 metres (4 feet) in height. It is native to the Tibetan plateau including China"s Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai province, and Xinjiang province; India near Ladakh and formerly western Nepal. The Tibetan antelope is also known commonly by its Tibetan name chiru. The coat is grey to reddish-brown, with a white underside. The males have long, curved-back horns which measure about 50 cm (20 inches) in length.Despite its classification in the Antilopinae subfamily, recent morphological and molecular evidence suggests that the Chiru is more closely allied to goats and the subfamily Caprinae (Gentry 1992, Gatesy et al. 1992, Ginsberg et al. 1999).Tibetan antelope are gregarious, sometimes congregating in herds hundreds strong. The females migrate up to 300 km yearly to calving grounds in the summer where they usually give birth to a single calf, and rejoin the males at the wintering grounds in late autumn (Schaller 1998). Chirus live on the high mountain steppes and semi-desert areas of the Tibetan plateau such as Kekexili, where they feed on various forb and grass species. The average life span is about eight years.Tibetan antelope are listed as endangered by the World Conservation Union and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service due to commercial poaching for their underwool, competition with local domesticated herds, and the development of their rangeland for gold mining. The Chiru"s wool, known as shahtoosh, is warm, soft and fine. The wool can only be obtained by killing the animal; Its numbers have dropped accordingly from nearly a million (estimated) at the turn of the 20th century to less than 75,000 today. The numbers continue to drop yearly. The struggle to stop illegal antelope hunting was portrayed in the 2004 film, Kekexili: Mountain Patrol.

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【 #高三# 导语】奋斗也就是我们平常所说的努力。那种不怕苦，不怕累的精神在学习中也是需要的。看到了一道有意思的题，就不惜一切代价攻克它。为了学习，废寝忘食一点也不是难事，只要你做到了有兴趣。 考 网高三频道给大家整理的《高三下册英语必修四知识点》供大家参考，欢迎阅读！ 1.高三下册英语必修四知识点 　　maybe的同义词 　　释义1：或许，大概 　　perchance, perhaps 　　释义2：可能性;不确定性 　　possibility 　　同义词辨析 　　perchance adv.偶然，恐怕 　　主要用作副词，作副词时译为“(诗、文)偶然，可能”。 　　perhaps adv. 或许;(表示不确定)也许 　　用作副词，表示“也许”，表不确定语气，常位于句首，有时也放在句中或句末。 　　maybe adv. (不确定)大概，或许 　　在句中作状语，相当于perhaps，常位于句首。也可用作名词，表示疑惑，可能性。 2.高三下册英语必修四知识点 　　一、Need的用法 　　need既可以作情态动词，也可以作实义动词，但是它们的用法不同。作为情态动词的need的用法与其他情态动词can、may、must的用法基本相同：在限定动词词组中总是位居第一，没有非限定形式，即没有不定式、-ing分词或-ed分词等形式;第三人称单数现在时没有词形变化;情态动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能有一个情态动词。 　　二、Need的例句 　　Do not wait for good things to happen to you. You need to walk towards happiness. 　　不要等待好事降临，你要向幸福进发。 　　You will need a pot of broth for poaching. 　　你需要一锅汤来煮。 　　What is right for us need not be right for others. 　　对我们来说是对的东西，对别人来说未必正确。 　　Mommy, you don"t need to stay while we talk. 　　妈妈,我们谈话时你不必陪着. 　　Businesses need to train their workers better, and spend more on R&D. 　　各企业需要更好地培训工人，并且在研发方面加大投入。 3.高三下册英语必修四知识点 　　1、no和not的区别 　　not和no都是作为副词，这里可以替换使用，意思是不，并没有区别，但是no和not在否定回答的用法不同。 　　no和not这两个单词的元音字母o的读音不同。no的o发音为长音/u0259u028a/，not的o发音为短音/u0252/。 　　no可以做形容词，not不能做形容词。no作为形容词，意思是没有。 　　no还能作为名词使用，not不能作为名词。no作为名词，意思是否定，否认。 　　no和not在否定回答的用法不同。 　　2、no和not的例句 　　There are no clouds in the sky. 　　天上没有云。 　　We went no farther than the bridge. 　　我们走到桥边就不再往前走了。 　　I have no ink. 　　我没有墨水。 4.高三下册英语必修四知识点 　　1、什么是同义句转换 　　同义句转换就是将一个句子用另一种形式表达出来，而且意思不变。因此，掌握的句型越多，做题就越方便、快捷、容易。但每种练习的方式总有一定的规律可循。比如do well in换成be good at换成不同的语态，比如主动变被动。 　　2、英语改同义句的方法 　　运用同义词或同义词组：这类题目首先要注意比较上下两句，找出需要改动的地方，运用同义词或同义词组进行转换，还要注意把握两句的时态、数的单复和主谓一致等。 　　运用反义词或反义词组：这类题目可以否定句中的动词或形容词，是两句意思相符，仍然要注意动词时态一致。 　　动词短语转换成介词短语：此类题目关键就是使用恰当的介词短语，还要注意动词时态一致。 　　单句转换成复句，或者复句转换成单句：此类题目需要熟悉一些重要的句型和短语，还要注意了解相关转换类型。 5.高三下册英语必修四知识点 　　(1) 现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作，而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作： 　　I have read the book. 我读过这本书。 　　I have been reading the book. 我一直在读这本书。 　　注：有少数动词(如work, study, live, teach, stay等)在表示持续一时间时用这两种时态含义差不多(只是用现在完成进行进更强调动作的持续性)： 　　How long have you worked [been working] here? 你在这儿工作多久了? 　　I"ve lived [been living] here since 1988. 自1988年以来我就一直住在这儿。 　　(2) 现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感感情XX： 　　I have waited for two hours. 我等了两小时。(陈述事实) 　　I have been waiting for two hours. 我等了两个小时。(等得好辛苦) 　　(3) 现在完成进行时通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况，若要谈论时间延续较长的动作或情况或永久性情况，则通常用现在完成时： 　　He has lived in Paris. 他(一直)住在巴黎。 　　He has been living in Paris. 他(目前)住在巴黎。(表暂时性) 　　(4) 不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时： 　　I"ve only known her for two day. 我认识她刚刚两天。 　　(5) 现在完成进行时不用于被动语态，若要用可用现在完成时的被动语态代替： 　　The house has been painted for a month. 这房子已漆了一个月。

ExtinctionExtinction is a natural process. Many species had ceased to exist before humans evolved. However, in the last 400 years, the number of animals and plants becoming extinct has reached crisis point. Human population levels have risen dramatically in the same time period and man"s predatory instincts combined with his ruthless consumption of natural resources are directly responsible for the situation. DodoThe Dodo is a classic example of how human behavior can cause irreparable damage to the earth"s biological diversity. The flightless Dodo was native to the Island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. It lived off fruit fallen from the island"s trees and lived unthreatened until humans arrived in 1505. The docile bird became a source of food for sailors and lacked the ability to protect itself from animals introduced to the island by humans such as pigs, monkeys and rats. The population of Dodos rapidly decreased and the last one was killed in 1681.Endangered AnimalsIn 2002 many animals remain threatened with extinction as a result of human activity. The World Wildlife Fund works tirelessly to raise awareness of the predicament facing these animals and find ways to protect them. By focusing on a number of high profile, "charismatic icons" such as the rhino, panda, whale and tiger, the WWF aims to communicate, "critically important environmental issues". The organization"s ultimate goal is to, "stop the degradation of the planet"s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature".RhinosThe Rhino horn is a highly prized item for practitioners of Asian medicine. This has led to the animal being relentlessly hunted in its natural habitat. Once widespread in Africa and Eurasia, most rhinos now live in protected natural parks and reserves. Their numbers have rapidly decreased in the last 50 years, over half the remaining rhinos disappeared in the 1970s, and the animals remain under constant threat from poachers.The Giant PandaThe future of the WWF"s symbol is far from certain. As few as 1000 remain in the wild, living in small isolated groups. These groups have been cut off from each other as a result of deforestation and human expansion in to their natural habitat. The Chinese government has set up 33 panda reserves to protect these beautiful animals and made poaching them punishable with 20 years in prison. However, the panda"s distinct black and white patched coat fetches a high price on the black market and determined poachers still pose one of the most serious threats to the animals continued existence.WhalesThe International Whaling Commission meets every year. The agenda covers ways to ensure the survival of the species and the complex problems arising from countries such as Japan, wishing to hunt certain whales for "scientific" purposes. Despite the fact that one third the world"s oceans have been proclaimed whale sanctuaries, 7 out of 13 whale species remain endangered. The plight of the North Atlantic Right Whale is particularly serious. Hunted for their rich supply of oil, their numbers have dwindled to just 300. Collisions with ships, toxic pollution and becoming entangled in fishing nets are other major causes of whale deaths.TigersThe last 100 years has seen a 95% reduction in the numbers of remaining tigers to between 5000 and 7000 and The Bali, Javan, and Caspian tigers are already extinct. The South China tiger is precariously close to disappearing, with only 20 to 30 still alive. Like the Rhino horn, tiger bones and organs are sought after for traditional Chinese medicines. These items are traded illegally along with tiger skins.Take ActionThe WWF is actively involved in many areas of the world fighting to protect the natural habitats of endangered animals from further damage and curb the activities of poachers. They also work to influence governments and policy makers to introduce laws aimed at reducing the threat of pollution and deforestation. Our own individual efforts at home and in the workplace can also make a difference. By reducing waste and pollution, saving water, wood and energy, and reusing and recycling whenever possible, we can reduce the possibility of even more animals being lost, never to return.Your turnDo you think enough is being done to protect animals? If not, what else could be done? Send us your opinions.Far out into the ocean to the north and west of Britain are the cold wild islands of the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. They make a line of beautiful beaches 150 miles long. Further west is the small group of islands called Saint Kilda. They are cold and wild too, but without beaches. The islands are tall volcanic rocks hundreds of metres high. For thousands of years, people lived on these islands. In 1930 the last people, there were only 36 of them, had a meeting and decided to leave. The biggest island in the group is called Hirta. Sheep still live there without any people. When you arrive by boat, you see very tall black rocks all around. Some big rocks make their own small islands. This true story happened on the tallest of the rocks – “Stac An Armin” in 1840.In those days, people still lived on the islands of Saint Kilda. Their stone houses were all in one village by the ocean at the bottom of a tall dark hill. The houses only had one room – for people and sheep, which used to live with them in the winter and spring. Two men from the village, McDonald and McKinnon, were on the rock. It was their work to collect birds – some for food, some to make shoes or hats with. Some dead birds they put in the earth to help their vegetables grow. They found one strange big bird. It was sleeping. They decided to bring it home to the village.I think people in the village were interested in the bird. We now know that this was a Great Auk, a kind of swimming bird that lived in many parts of the North Atlantic. It was big and strong and had a loud cry. They began to talk with the other people in the village about what they should do with it. After two days, the weather got worse and then there was a terrible storm. The people in the village decided that this was because of the bird and they killed it. This was the last example of the Great Auk in Britain. Four years later, the last Great Auk in the world died in Iceland.We know the Great Auk died out because of people. But where did the people of Saint Kilda go? This is more difficult to explain. Some say that they were bored living on the island so far from modern cities. Other people think that the problem was tourists, who began to visit Saint Kilda at the end of the 19th century. A new theory says that using too many dead birds as fertilizer made their food unhealthy. I think it was a mistake to kill the auk.mistake that resulted in killing this bird. The day after the people brought the bird home, the weather got worse and worse. At that time, they had less knowledge about nature, they could only believe in God to help them decide what was wrong and what was right. So it was so easy to make mistake about what they didn"t know and it happened by mistake. The article is very clear about that. But at the first they thought they should bring it home and kill it for food. That is not good. Unfortunately, it was the last bird.”Oswaldo Herrera writes “This article is very interesting, and we need to think about it. Nowadays we are destroying our world and furthermore, the animals and plants that exist in it. There are a lot of warnings but most of the time we do not care about them - I think that this articles helps us to reflect and to be conscious about all the animals and plants that we are destroying with all the pollution that we generate nowadays.”

至此粉红电影进入了它最为辉煌的年代，直到1973年。这一时期粉红电影无论从创作的数量还是水准上都是极为成功的。粉红电影数量占到了整个日本国内电影数量的一半以上。仅日本东京就有大约500家的成人影院播放粉红电影。进入70年代后，迫于经济困难的原因，早些时候制作粉红电影的电影公司从5家变成了3家。其中两家日活和东映开始制作成人电影。20世纪70年代中期日活又出现了新的电影类型SM Pink，代表作是小沼胜导演的《受辱的妻子》，该片是日活第一部取得巨大成功的SM影片 。又一位代表人物田中登则以Angel Guts 系列开创了Violent Pink电影的先河。另外一家公司东映所拍摄的相同题材的电影叫做Pinky Violence，代表作包括铃木则文的《兽欲学园》。粉红电影和早期的浪漫色情电影应该是很相似的，影片拍摄的媒质都是胶片，可以称为电影。有剧本，需要后期的声音合成，影片时长都控制在1个小时左右。粉红电影有着严格的预算限制，但Roman pornography的制作费用是十分可观的。这一点是与粉红电影最大的不同之处。Roman pornography通常的制作周期为一周到十天。粉红电影中的性爱场面是一种形式，没有真正发生的。而在后期的Roman pornography和AV中性爱场面大部分是确实发生的。这些场面由于日本电影制度的要求是要打码的。直到今天AV也都是要求有马赛克的，无论是薄码还是厚码。而我们看到的无码AV其实是违法的。在粉红电影中我们是看不到马赛克的，一个原因是源于导演对镜头的处理和把握。另外制作公司没有足够的资金去后期处理增加马赛克。后期的Roman pornography是日本AV的雏形，AV的拍摄媒质是录映带，不能视为电影。不过在时间长度上依然继承着1小时作用的传统。随着20世纪80年代后AV的风靡，Roman pornography这一类型电影也逐渐消失，而粉红电影则逐渐发展为主流电影，电影长度由60分钟，增加到90分钟，一部标准电影的时长。日活公司粉红电影时代和浪漫色情电影时代的代表分别是若松孝二和若松孝二有粉红电影教父之称，是日本电影历史上最为坚挺的导演。不仅内容广泛，题材也极具争议。除了宣扬porno之外，命运，人性，政治，暴力等诸多元素也使得他的电影极为绚烂但也极为晦涩。他是日活公司早期的代表人物之一。1965年若松离开了日活，因为日活不支持他颇具争议的电影Secret Act Behind Walls参展柏林国际电影节。不用受到电影公司体制的约束之后，若松孝二开始了他对立的创作，他的个人风格的特点更加突出。甚至变得有些狂野。这一时期的作品耸人听闻，离奇古怪，超现实超自然。比如Contemporary History Of Rape In Japan　，When The Embryo（胚胎） Goes Poaching（水煮） ，Ecstasy Of The Angels都是最好的体现。若松孝二是至今仍然活跃在日本影坛的老导演之一。最近的一部作品是《完全饲育之赤色杀机》。 神代辰巳是日活Roman porno绝对代表人物，有着日活porno之王的美誉。神代是一位游走在日本主流和非主流之间最成功的一位导演，他的作品无论是在日活系中，还是在百年日本佳片中都很有代表性。

模板工程是砼成型施工中的一个十分重要的组成部分，要求它能保证工程结构和构件的形状、尺寸和相互位置的准确、标准、能够承受荷载和侧压力，具有足够的强度、刚度和稳定性，装拆方便，并便于实际操作和安装，表面平整、光洁、整齐，拼接缝严密不漏浆等性能。特别是工程层高太高，施工复杂，故使支模工作带来一定的难度，对支模工作要引起高度的重视。一、模板材料1．为保证工程的质量目标，确保工程施工质量，选用信誉佳的供应商提供优质产品，严格控制进货关，杜绝劣质板材进入施工现场，对每批材料实施进货检验，符合要求方可投入使用。2．本工程选用木模，用18mm厚胶合板加4×6cm木档组合而成，支模材料采用6×8、5×10、10×10cm方木档，1～3寸圆钉，8～14#铁丝等组成，φ48mm壁厚3.5mm管，钢管扣件，钢管组合架。二、模板配制方法1．按图纸尺寸直接配制模板，结构形体简单的构件，如基础、梁、柱、板、墙等构件模板的配制，可根据结构施工图直接按尺寸列出模板规格和数量进行配制。模板、横档及楞木的断面和间距，以及支撑系统的配制，都可按一般规定或查表选用。2．按放大样方法配制模板，形体复杂的结构构件，楼梯、线脚、挑檐、异圆形结构模板，都采用放大样的方法配制模板。放大样即是在平整的地面上，按结构图，用足尺画出结构构件的实样，就可以量出各部分模板的准确尺寸或套制样板，同时可确定模板及其安装的节点构造，进行模板的制作。3．按计算方法配制模板，形体复杂的结构构件，用放大样的方法配制模板虽然准确，但比较麻烦，还需要一定的场地。结构构件许多是有规律的几何形体，楼梯、线脚、挑檐、异圆形模板也可以用计算方法或用计算及放大样相结合的方法，进行模板的配制。4．结构表面展开法配制模板，复杂的挑檐及线脚，其模板的配制也适合展开法，画出模板平面图和展开图，再进行配模设计和模板制作。三、模板制作1．首先按图纸载面几何尺寸考虑模板实际使用需要量，进行下料配制模板，木模板应将拼缝处刨平刨直，模板的木档也要刨直。以使模板拼接缝严密，不易漏浆，使用钉子长度一般为木模板厚度的1.5～2倍。2．按照砼构件的形状和尺寸，用18mm厚胶合板做底模、侧模，小木方4×6cm做木档组成拼合式模板。木档的间距取决于砼对模板的侧压大小，拼好的模板不宜过大、过重，多以两人能抬动为宜。6×8、5×10、10×10cm木档做为钢管架支撑及现浇板主龙骨骨架，18mm胶合板定型板铺设现浇楼板。3．配制好的模板必须要刷模板脱模剂，不同部位的模板按规格、型号、尺寸在反面写明使用部位、分类编号、分别推放保管，以免安装时搞错。4．成品模板堆放在不受雨淋、干燥通风、防火安全的地方，进行遮盖保护，以免因各种因素环境影响，在使用前产生变形。四、模板安装施工顺序：垫层模板→基础梁模板→构造柱模板→柱模板→墙板模板→圈梁模板→梁模板→楼板模板→楼梯模板。（一）垫层模板1．基础一般来说高度不高，但体积较大，安装前应将基础的中心线及基础的标高先进行核对，先在基础面上弹出纵横轴线和四周边线，按四周边线尺寸把侧模板对准边线垂直竖立，并用校正侧模板垂直度和标高无误后，用斜撑和支撑钉牢稳固，保证侧压力的稳定性及刚度。2．安装完毕后清扫工作面内的杂物并检查模板的轴线，几何尺寸、标高是否符合设计图纸要求。3．独立基础底板砼垫层浇捣完成后按图纸设计进行基础放线，在砼垫层上弹出独立基础外边墨线，然后按所弹墨线以外进行模板制安。（二）基础梁模板1．基础梁底土方夯实后，采用砖砌胎模，用1∶3水泥砂浆，按承台的宽度每边砌粘土实心砖至孔桩标高，以利砼浇捣。2．梁的跨度较大而宽度一般不大，基础梁外侧模板拼装而成，先在垫层上弹出梁两侧边线，按边线尺寸把侧模对准直度和标高无误后，用斜撑和支撑钉牢稳固。（三）构造柱模板1．外墙构造柱。根据图纸中构造柱尺寸加上砖马牙槎每边60mm制作好模板，按垂直高度每隔400～500间距在墙上穿φ12螺栓，将配好的模板安装在构造柱部位，其中一边下部留150～200cm清垃圾孔。模板帖墙处用海绵粘贴，以防漏浆。在螺栓上安放夹木与构造柱联接，用铅垂校直，拧紧螺栓。2．内墙构造柱。内墙构造柱支模方法与外墙基本相同，区别是螺栓改为楞木作箍，在构造柱两边砌砖时留的孔洞中穿过楞木，用楞木组成柱箍。其它按外墙构造柱施工方法进行施工。（四）柱模板1．柱的断面尺寸不大，但比较高，安装前应按弹出的十字交叉线和四周边线，由两边与柱断面长边一样的板，加两块柱断面短边尺寸的板，拼装成组合定型模板。钉柱模时两块板相互接触处应加海绵条，以防漏浆。柱模底部应开有清理模板内杂物的清除口，模板外面加设柱箍箍牢，柱箍间距45cm。2．柱模板安装时，先搭设好井字形钢管架，井字形钢管架横管与柱模外边留50mm左右空隙。同在一条直线上的柱，应先校正两头的柱模，在柱模上口中心线拉通线来校正中间的柱模，用锤球校正垂直，检查无误后，用木楔塞紧，将柱箍箍紧，再用支撑钉牢固定。还要用水平撑及剪刀撑相互撑牢，来保证柱子的准确位置。3．对柱边700以上的柱，柱中间加对穿Ф12螺栓进行拉固，螺栓用Ф20PVC管子套管，以便拆出重复使用。模板定位后，在井字型钢管箍中卡伞形卡，用螺栓拉固，防止胀模。4．砼浇捣后，应对柱子垂直度再次进行校正。柱模板关键是：一要垂直度；二要有足够的柱加固箍，保证不会胀模；三要稳定中不移动位置；四要符合截面几何尺寸要求。5．柱侧模采用胶合板，规格为1830mm×915mm×18mm；柱尺寸为b×h，其中b方向采用同柱宽胶合板，h方向采用h + 2×18mm宽的胶合板。6．竖档采用60mmx80mm方木，间距1150mm柱宽的竖楞采用五根、500mm至700mm柱宽的竖楞采用四根，分柱宽均匀位置布置。7．柱子柱箍四周采用?准48mm壁厚3.5mm钢管各两根，间距450mm，最底部的柱箍离地面中心距离为150mm。两端以Φ12～14钢筋对拉螺栓等固定拉紧，中间一根以Φ12钢筋拉结。（五）墙板模板1．墙体模板由侧板、立板、横档、?准12螺栓和水平撑组成，为了保持墙体的厚度，墙体内加螺栓撑头支撑。2．墙体模板采用两侧模板拼装，先在基层上按中心线向两侧弹出墙体两侧边线，按边线尺寸把侧模对准边线垂直竖立，并校正侧模板垂直度和标高无误后，用斜撑和支撑钉牢稳固，根据长、高尺寸确定间距加固穿心螺杆，一般按40~60cm之间距离，用?准12钢筋螺栓穿心，螺栓两头焊短钢筋，短钢筋外面套30×30见方，18厚模板撑住墙模扳，保证墙厚度，螺栓外头拉住伞形卡，夹住钢管，防止胀模。3．搭设钢管夹板架，沿墙体两侧模板外留50mm左右空隙，用锤球校正墙体模板垂直，用木楔上下塞紧，再用斜撑钉牢固固定，上口加设水平拉子固定，用钢管桁架夹紧支撑，以保证墙面垂直平整。4．墙侧模采用整块胶合板1830mm×915mm×18mm。其中垂直方向上模数尺寸为915mm，横向模数尺寸为1830mm。配模时横向先以1830mm为模数，余下的板归整到墙的一端；竖向配模先以915mm为模数，所剩顶部非模数的余额另按实际尺寸高度配制。5．竖档在每块胶合板的两端和中部均采用100mm×100mm的方木，间距346mm。即一块整板上钉有6根竖档并分其为五等分间距，模数不合的非整板先在板端钉上竖档（100mm×100mm方木），再按间距346mm设置竖档，确保所有竖档之间的距离小于346mm。6．横档横档采用两根?准48钢管，最底部的横档中心离地面高度约为300mm，即墙底的第一块模板在300mm高度上钻孔设横档，以上以915mm为模数进行安装，墙顶模板利用梁板搁栅做相当于横档的约束。7．对拉螺栓采用Φ12钢筋对拉螺栓，横向间距同竖档间距（366mm），位置于置于竖档中，竖向间距同横档间距等，位置位于两根横档之间。（六）圈梁模板1．圈梁的特点是断面小但很长，一般除窗口及其他个别地方是架空外，均搁置在墙上。故圈梁模板主要由侧板和相应的卡具所组成。底模仅在架空部分使用，如架空跨度较大，也有用顶撑（琵琶撑）支撑底模。2．圈梁支模比较简单，一般开始支模时，先在内墙面弹出统一标高+50cm线，然后依此线决定圈梁的高度，这样既可以在安装模板时，不需用水泥砂浆找平，又会使楼板底表面平整。3．根据标高尺寸，按照支模方法的不同，内墙先安装横楞，外墙安装夹具，然后安装侧板、夹木、搭头木或者卡具。圈梁侧模可用18mm厚胶合板加4×6cm木档拼制而成。圈梁模板安装后，应在侧板安装好，扎钢筋之前将侧板与砖墙接触处空隙用水泥砂浆补密实。（七）梁模板1．梁的跨度较大而宽度一般不大，梁模板由侧模、底模、夹木及支撑系统组成，底模板、侧模板用18mm厚胶合板加木档拼制而成，先在基层上弹出梁的中心线，向两侧量出边线，按边线尺寸把侧模对准边线垂直竖立，并校正侧模板垂直度和标高无误后，用斜撑和支撑钉牢稳固，保证侧压力的稳定性及刚度。大于700mm梁单用斜撑及夹条固定不易撑牢，应当在梁的中部水平间距50～100cm之间，用φ12～14钢筋螺栓穿心将两侧模板拉紧，螺栓套管采用φ20PVC管，以利拆出重复使用。2．采用梁底板支撑搭设钢管模架，钢管承重架搭设按上部梁、板、柱部位一次性搭设，下部用短钢管，在梁底模板下每隔一定距离，框架梁间距1200mm，井字梁间距1500mm，单独用钢管架顶住，以备留拆梁侧摸及现浇板用。支承梁模用门式钢管架,再在其上搁置楞木间距40cm。在立柱钢管下面加铺垫板，垫板可连续亦可断续，垫板厚不小于5cm，宽不小于20cm，长不小于60cm。3．对于由主次梁的模板，构造上还有特殊要求，次梁模板应根据楼板的标高，在两侧模板外面钉上托木，在主梁与次梁交接处，应在主梁侧板上留缺口，并钉上衬口档，次梁的侧板和底板就钉在衬口档上。4．梁模板安装后要拉中线检查，复核各梁模板中心线位置是否正确，底模安装时，检查并调整标高，将木楔钉牢在垫板上，钢管支承架要设斜撑，以免发生失稳事故，当梁的跨度在4m及4m以上时，在梁模的跨度中间要略为起拱，起拱的高度为梁的跨度1.5‰～3‰。5．梁模板安装后清扫工作面内的杂物并检查模板的轴线，几何尺寸、标高是否符合设计图纸要求。浇捣砼之前，四周外侧梁上口与板之间，用铁丝拉结加固，梁底下口用木档拉结并加步步紧专用钢卡具锁紧，防止胀模。6．梁模采用胶合板1830mm×915mm×18mm。其中垂直方向上模数尺寸不等，横、竖向模数尺寸长为1830mm。配模时横向先以1830mm为模数，所剩模数的余额另按实际尺寸长度、高度配制。7．横档在每块胶合板的两端和中部均采用100mm×100mm的方木，间距366mm。模数不合的非整板先在板端钉上横档（100mm×100mm方木），再按间距366mm设置横档，确保所有横档之间的距离小于366mm。（八）楼板模板1．现浇板面积大而厚度比较薄，楼板的底模用18mm厚胶合板，铺设在楞木上，楞木搁置在梁侧模板外的门式钢管架上，楞木采用断面为6～8cm木方，间距为40～50cm，当楞木的跨度较大时，中间应加设支撑，支撑上方顶以通长的杠木，楞木的中间部分就搁在杠木上，以减少楞木的跨度。底模板应垂直于楞木方向铺钉，定型模板的规格尺寸要符合楞木的间距或适当调整楞木的间距来配合定型模板。2．模板安装时，先在主、次梁模板两侧板外侧弹出水平线，水平线的标高应为楼板标高减去楼板底模厚度及楞木高度，然后按水平线钉上托木，托木上皮与水平线平齐。把靠梁模的楞木先摆上，楞木间距按楼板模板图要求分中定位。最后在楞木上铺钉楼板底模板，只需在底模板的端部或接头处钉牢，中间尽量少钉，以便拆模。3．模板铺好后，清扫干净，进行模板的各部位检查工作，若有不符合要求之处，应及时进行调整。板安装要求平整，拼缝严密，接口处钉用斜钉，以利，结合，相邻两块板的接缝用纸胶带粘贴缝隙，确保不漏浆，在模板表面涂刷脱膜剂隔离层。（九）楼梯模板1．楼梯模板的构造与楼板模板相似，不同点是倾斜支设和做成踏步，安装时，先在楼梯间墙上按设计标高画出楼梯段，楼梯踏步及平台板、平台梁的位置。在平台梁下搭设钢管架，立柱下垫板，在钢管架上放楞木钉平台梁的底模板，立侧模，在平台处搁置楞木，铺钉平台底模板。2．在楼梯基面侧板上钉托木，将楼梯斜楞木钉在托木和平台梁侧板外的托木。在斜楞木上面铺钉楼梯底模板，下面搭设钢管架，其间用拉杆拉结，再沿楼梯边立外侧帮板，用外侧帮板上的横档木将外帮板钉固在斜木楞上，先在其内侧弹出楼梯底板厚度线，用套板画出踏步侧板位置线。3．踏步安装时，在楼梯斜面两侧楞木上将反三角板立起，反三角的两端可钉固于平台梁和梯基的侧板上，然后在反三角与外帮板之间、逐块钉上踏步侧板，踏板侧板一头钉在外帮板的木档上，另一头钉在反三角木块的侧面上。如果梯段中间再加设反三角木板，并用木档上下连结固定，以免发生踏步侧板凸肚现象，为了确保梯板符合要求的厚度，在踏步侧板下面可以垫以若干小木块，这些小木块在浇捣砼时随手取出。4．在楼段模板放线时，特别要注意每层楼梯的第一踏步与最后一个踏步的高度，梯步的平面宽度和高度要均匀一致，必须考虑楼梯面层的厚度，才能杜绝踏步高低不同的偏差现象，影响用户使用及观感效果。五、模板质量1．模板应平整，且拼缝严密不漏浆，并应有足够的刚度、强度、吸水性要小。模板构造应牢固稳定，可承受砼拌合物的侧压力和施工荷载，且应装拆方便，结构内的钢筋或绑扎钢丝不得接触模板。固定模板用的螺栓必须穿过砼结构时，采用工具式螺栓、螺栓加堵头、螺栓上加焊方形止水环10×10cm方形，使模板固定并拉紧，搭设钢管系统模架。拆模时，防水砼的强度等级必须大于设计强度等级的70%，砼表面温度与环境温度之差不应大于15℃，要注意做到勿使防水砼结构受到损坏。2．必须符合《混凝土结构工程施工及验收规范》（GB 50204-2002）及相关规范要求施工。3．现浇结构模板安装的偏差应符合下列表的规定：六、模板拆除1．模板的拆除日期，取决于砼硬化的强度，根据同条件养护的拆模试块抗压强度进行判定，梁、板模板拆除时，必须满足规范规定的拆模构件强度要求后，经施工员同意才能进行拆除模板。2．柱、墙模板拆除原则：一是不粘膜；二是不缺楞掉角，三是有足够的强度，过早拆模，可提高模板的周转率，也可为其他工作创造条件，但是要讲科学依据，绝不允许凭主观想象冒险施工操作。3．拆模时不要用力过猛过急，拆下来的模板要及时搬走，拆除梁底板时应从中间向两边拆。拆模顺序：先支的后拆，后支的先拆，先拆非承重部分，后拆承重部分。复杂的模板拆除，事先制定拆除方案，按方案实施。4．拆除后逐块传递下来，不得抛掷 ，不得堆在作业层上及脚手架上，拆下后清理、整修干净后并涂刷脱模剂，按规格、型号、分类堆放整齐，以便再用。5．模板拆除底模及支架时砼强度应符合下列表的规定：七、质量保证措施1．所有梁、柱均有翻样给出模板排列图和排架支撑图，经项目工程师审核后交班组施工，特殊部位应增加细部构造大样图。2．模板使用前，对变形，翘曲超出规范的应即刻退出现场，不予使用，模板拆除下来，应将砼残渣、垃圾清理干净，重新刷隔离剂。3．在板、梁底部均考虑垃圾清理孔，以便将垃圾冲洗排出前再封闭。4．模板安装完毕后，应由专业人员对轴线、标高、尺寸、支架、扣件螺栓、拉结螺栓进行全面检查。浇砼过程中应有技术好、责任心强操作工 “看模”，发现问题及时报告。5．所有挂板、梁内的孔洞模必须安装正确，并作加固处理，防止浇筑时振跑或砼的浮力而浮动。八、安全技术措施1．进入施工现场必须戴好安全帽，扣好帽带，支模架搭设时要系好安全带。2．每天工作前要检查使用的工具是否齐全、牢固、扳手等工具用绳链系于身上，以免坠落伤人。工作时要思想集中，防止钉子扎脚和空中滑落，增强自我保护意识和保护别人的意识。3．模板支撑不得使用腐朽扭裂的材料，顶撑要垂直底脚平整、坚实、并垫垫木，支模应按工序进行，模板没有固定前，不得进行下一道工序，禁止利用拉杆支撑攀登上下。4．施工时注意机械设备、电气设备使用安全，起吊时应用卡环和安全吊钩，不得斜牵起吊，严禁操作人员随模板起落。5．在砼浇捣时发现钢管架扣件有松动时，应立即报告施工员或安全员，采取措施。在松动扣件下方加扣件稳固，绝不允许去碰拧松动扣件。模板拆除过程中，如发现砼有影响结构安全质量问题时，应停止拆除，并报技术负责研究处理后，再进行拆除。九、环保与文明施工1．夜间22:00～6:00之间现场停止模板加工和其他模板作业。现场模板加工垃圾及时清理，并存放进指定垃圾站。做到工完场清。整个模板堆放场地与施工现场要达到整齐有序、干净无污染、低噪声、低扬尘、低能耗的整体效果。2．模板及模板支架的搭设，还必须符合（JCJ59-99）检查标准要求，要符合文明标化工地的有关标准。总之，在模板工程施工过程中，严格按照模板工程质量控制程序施工，另外对于一些质量通病制定预防措施，防患于未然，操作前必须有专项的施工方案和给施工队伍的书面形式的技术交底，以保证模板工程的施工质量、安全。更多关于工程/服务/采购类的标书代写制作，提升中标率，您可以点击底部官网客服免费咨询：https://bid.lcyff.com/#/?source=bdzd

一直以来，植脂末因高热量及健康风险一直是奶茶行业争议话题，近日喜茶呼吁普及真奶应用、拒绝植脂末，那么，植脂末危害有多大?主要成分是什么?下面我就带来介绍。 植脂末危害有多大 植脂末常见于速溶类饮料、奶油，以及煎炸类、烘烤类等食物中，如奶茶、速溶咖啡、生日蛋糕等，常用于改善食物口感。 植脂末也叫奶精，虽然口感和奶神似，但可能含有反式脂肪酸;反式脂肪酸会增加患心血管疾病、糖尿病和认知障碍症的风险，影响儿童神经系统发育。购买奶茶时，如果发现食品配料表中“植脂末+糖”在配料表中排名靠前，且排在奶、茶这些成分前面，最好少喝或不喝。 市面上常见的植脂末、人造奶油等大多存在反式脂肪酸。反式脂肪酸进入人体后难以被消化吸收，会一直在血液中，增加胆固醇，进而引发各种心血管疾病，还会影响记忆力。国家规定，每日反式脂肪酸的摄入量应不超过每天热量的1%，换算下来也就是两克左右。在我国，反式脂肪酸对3~12岁的儿童影响最大，①影响智力发育，导致儿童记忆力下降、痴呆;②导致肥胖;③从长远来看，影响儿童的生育能力。 植脂末的主要成分是什么 植脂末的主要成分是氢化植物油、玉米糖浆粉和酪蛋白酸钠。 ①奶精中的脂肪是植物脂肪经过氢化工艺得到的。作为奶精最主要的成分，它通常占干重量的20%~50%。 ②玉米糖浆粉(或麦芽糊精)是通过水解玉米中的淀粉得到的，起到增加食品黏稠度的作用，能为奶精带来“浓稠”的口感。 ③酪蛋白酸钠是从牛奶中提取的酪蛋白并进一步加工而成，起到乳化剂和起泡剂的作用。酪蛋白酸钠能使奶精在加人咖啡后打出漂亮的奶泡，而且还能提供一些类似牛奶的口感和味道。但这也造成了一个缺陷：如果一个人对牛奶酪蛋白过敏，则也可能对奶精过敏，所以这些人在食用奶精时就要特别注意。 一杯奶茶里到底有什么？ 奶盖：有的是由奶盖粉(又叫奶泡粉)打发而成，主要成分是奶精、白砂糖、奶粉、稳定剂、香精等;也有的是由奶油加牛奶和风味物质打发而成。 奶：是奶茶丝滑口感的来源，你喝到的可能是牛奶，也可能是淡奶(浓缩的牛奶)或奶精。 茶：茶味来自茶叶提取物或茶粉，有的也可能是茶汤。茶味浓郁的奶茶咖啡因含量往往比较高。 糖：奶茶的甜味来自糖或糖浆。 辅料：珍珠、椰果、芋圆、烧仙草等辅料口感顺滑，嚼劲十足，主要是以淀粉和食品添加剂制成，会额外增加热量摄入。

中国石油大学（华东），位于山东省青岛市，是中华人民共和国教育部直属全国重点大学，教育部和五大能源企业集团公司、教育部和山东省人民政府共建，为国家“双一流”、 “211工程”重点建设高校。中国石油大学（华东）是教育部直属全国重点大学，是国家“211工程”重点建设和开展“985工程优势学科创新平台”建设并建有研究生院的高校之一。学校还是教育部和五大能源企业集团公司、教育部和山东省人民政府共建的高校，是石油石化高层次人才培养的重要基地，被誉为“石油科技、管理人才的摇篮”，现已成为一所以工为主、石油石化特色鲜明、多学科协调发展的大学。2017年、2022年均进入国家“双一流”建设高校行列。追溯学校历史，1953年新中国成立之初，国民经济建设急需石油资源，石油工业发展急需专业人才。在这种形势下，以清华大学石油工程系为基础，汇聚北京大学、天津大学、大连工学院等著名高校的相关师资力量和办学条件，组建成立了新中国第一所石油高等学府——北京石油学院，隶属燃料工业部，是当时北京著名的八大学院之一。1960年10月，学校被确定为全国重点高校。1969年，学校迁至胜利油田所在地——山东东营，更名为华东石油学院。1981年6月在北京石油学院原校址内成立研究生部。1988年，学校更名为石油大学，逐步形成山东、北京两地办学格局。1997年，石油大学正式进入国家“211工程”首批重点建设高校行列。2000年，石油大学由中国石油天然气集团公司划归教育部。2000年6月，经教育部批准，学校成立研究生院。2003年10月，教育部与国家四大石油公司签署共建石油大学协议。2004年8月，教育部批准石油大学（华东）立项建设青岛校区。2005年1月，学校更名为中国石油大学。2005年8月，教育部与山东省人民政府签署共建中国石油大学（华东）协议。2006年10月，学校以“优秀”成绩通过教育部本科教学工作水平评估。2010年，学校成为国家首批实施“卓越工程师教育培养计划”的61所试点高校之一和承担国家“专业学位研究生教育综合改革试点工作”的32家部属高校之一。2014年4月，教育部与中国石油天然气集团公司、中国石油化工集团公司、中国海洋石油总公司、神华集团有限责任公司、陕西延长石油（集团）有限责任公司等五大能源企业集团公司签署共建中国石油大学协议。2018年12月，教育部、山东省人民政府重点共建中国石油大学（华东）。2021年，经教育部批准，东营校区调整为东营科教园区，办学主校区调整到青岛。

masonry [u02c8meisnri]砌筑; 砌砖; 砖石建筑; 砖石结构; 圬工

建筑施工技术顺应现代虚拟心事技术的发展和推广，产生了虚拟建筑施工技术。传统的工程项目管理组织模式、国际环境的变化以及现代信息和通讯技术引导着虚拟建筑施工技术的出现。在传统工程项目管理组织上，呈现的是一种“金字塔”式的组织，这种组织结构的呈现的问题主要体现在：项目参与各方工程建设过程的地位不平等；项目参与各方只顾自身利益，从而忽略了项目的总目标；存在大量的管理界面和过程界面，项目建设过程中的协调量大；组织结构层次多,使得项目控制的难度增大；只存在命令和控制，缺少协调和合作氛围；决策过程缓慢，信息孤岛现象严重；信息传递短缺、过载、扭曲、失真和延误等。下面是中达咨询带来的关于现代建筑施工新技术的主要内容介绍以供参考。在国际环境的变化方面，随着世界经济的全球化，大型的建筑企业也扩大了业务范围，正在朝着全世界发展，这样就导致了更加激励的竞争，而当今的工程项目管理模式和工具也越来越满足不了当今的发展需求，寻求一种新型的工程项目管理模式是必要的。在现代信息和通信技术方面，随着信息通信技术的快速发展，人们的生活和工作的方式受到了一定的影响，也影响着工程项目管理的模式。随着信息通信技术的广泛应用，使得建筑行业的体制和机制有所改变。大型的工程项目因为参与到了世界各地，所以在项目的实施和调动带来了不便，使得投资的增加，施工进度缓慢，施工质量降低，但是在充分的利用信息通讯技术之后就能够很好的将各项目紧密的结合，更加方便的进行沟通交流。正是这些外在和内在因素的影响和推动，使得虚拟建设这种新型的工程管理模式出现了，并且将会对整个建筑业和工程项目管理水平产生重大影响。建筑项目的整体规划、建筑的机构设计、施工组织的分配、建筑产品与质量分析等等都可以运用虚拟建筑施工技术。能够很好的对施工中遇到的问题进行分析和预测，施工前的预防处理措施也能够很好的处理，能够很好的额解决建筑施工中出现的人为和环境的突发因素，能够科学化项目的成本、对数据进行控制，精确施工技术，完成施工单位在决策系统的优化与控制，整体上提高行业竞争力。利用虚拟建筑施工技术能够建立完善的实际施工和施工效果模型，通过对这些模型进行仿真来模仿建筑施工，对建筑施工中可能发生的情况进行预测及分析。虚拟建筑施工技术所运用的科学技术很广泛，存在这交叉性，这种技术的主要处理工具为计算机应用软件，通过计算机应用软件来对建筑施工进行分析和处理。虚拟建筑施工技术在应用的过程中能够很好的对建筑工程的施工进度进行提高，使得财力物力和各种建筑材料能够快速的调动和分配，一定程度上提高建筑施工的安全性。高性能混凝土施工技术高性能混凝土是一种新型的混凝土，是利用高技术来大幅的提高平常混凝土性能的基础上采用的现代混凝土技术制作的混凝土。高性能混凝土的的主要指标是耐久性，然而根据不同的通途又可以分为工作性、实用性、强度、体积稳定性和经济性等等。为了达到上述的指标，在混凝土的配置过程中采用的是低水胶比来进行，在掺加足够数量的掺合料和高效外加剂的基础上，利用优质的原材料进行制作。易于浇注、捣实、不离析，能够长时间的保持自身的高强度、高韧性和体积稳定性，其使用寿命在严酷的环境下也能较长的保持。高性能混凝土是由高强混凝土演变而来的，然而其中还包括了高效混凝土。高强混凝土是由振动加压成型的，在降低水灰比之后，强力的振动加压成型，能够很好的减小孔隙率，但是这种混凝土不适合现场施工，所以没有得到很广泛的推广。在其后就是通过掺加高效的减水剂进行配置的高效混凝土，这个阶段的出现是由高效减水剂的出现引导的。最后的采用矿物外加剂配置的高性能混凝土是在20世纪80年代出现的，矿物外加剂的出现与高效减水剂能够很好的结合，共同成就了高性能混凝土。高性能混凝土因为用水量较低、流动性好、抗离析性高，所以具备较好的可填充性，具有较好的自密实性；高性能混凝土有较高的弹性模量、低收缩与徐变、低温度变形，所以有较高的体积稳定性；高性能混凝土有很大的抗压强度，已经在建筑工程中应用；水灰比较低所以水化热相应的降低；高性能混凝土有较高的密实性和抗渗性，所以有较高的抗化学腐蚀性能；高性能混凝土中掺入了有机纤维，在高温下有机纤维能够熔解和挥发，通过一定的反应来提高了高性能混凝土的耐高温性能。高性能混凝土的工作性能很好，有着很好的耐久性，在成本上与同级的高强混凝土有着一定的差距，每立方米的高性能混凝土能够直接的节约三十二到六十元左右。高性能混凝土还能节约材料费，大约每立方米能够节约的材料费达到可40元左右。所以说高性能混凝土具有一定的经济性，随着用途的不断增加，能够跟好的运用在现代建筑施工中。三、新型材料带动的绿色节能技术与起初人们追求有地可居不同的是，随着科学技术的发展和人民生活水平的提高，人们在对建筑物的选择上更加的追求温馨舒适。环保健康的生活环境，所以部分建筑设计师在对建筑进行结构进行设计的时候会根据绿色环保为基础进行设计。在设计完成之后的施工过程中，起着引导作用的部分是新型建筑材料，但是新型的建筑材料在价格上会与传统的建筑材料有所出入，所以在进行工程造价管理的时候需要慎重的选择新型建筑材料，合理的选择新型建筑材料和合理的使用新型建筑材料。现在的绿色节能材料、绿色环保材料、智能型材料的不断出现带动了建筑工程朝着绿色环保、节能和智能化的方向发展。新型建筑材料的资源利用率较高，大多数的材料具有较高的性能，但是在重量上却相对来说较低，能够促进建筑工程的发展。在节能方面，建筑节能新技术的推广呈现出一种循环的结构，表现为：建筑节能新技术的研究带动着建筑节能新技术的评价，通过评价来对建筑节能新技术进行选择，选出合理的新技术之后就进行建筑节能新技术的推广，推广之后就是建筑节能新技术的应用，应用了之后鼓励用户对建筑节能新技术进行评价反馈，这些评价反馈又能影响着建筑节能新技术的研究，就这样在不断的循环，能够选择出最适合大众的建筑节能新技术。四、有待发展的部分高新技术1机器人技术随着科学技术的发展，建筑工程的施工环境和施工位置也在不断的扩展，为了适应不同的地基条件和施工环境等因素，克服人工施工的制约是关键。部分的机器人在建筑工程的方向上被研发出来并相应的运用到建筑施工中去，机电一体化技术在不断的提高，加上计算机智能软件技术的配合，能够加快对适应建筑施工要求的机器人的研发速度。在当今世界上，已经有着众多类型的机器人参与到实际的建筑施工中去，这些机器人在隧道开发、钢筋焊接、建筑内部喷漆、建筑部分结构吊装等等方面得到广泛的应用。我国的建筑机器人因为起步较晚，大多数的建筑机器人仍处在初级阶段，主要表现在建筑内部喷漆和少数的钢筋焊接上，而且使用的数量也比较少，除了相应技术的落后之外，与我国众多的劳动力也是分不开的。2生态仿生技术生态仿生技术是目前相应技术领域的新型的发展方向，大自然优胜劣汰，所以自然界的万物都是有着自己的独到之处的，所以我们可以通过对自然界的各种生物的存在形态进行模拟，模拟之后选取有利的部分进行运用。在建筑工程中，合理的利用生态仿生技术能够在一定方面上降低建筑施工造成的污染，使得建筑施工过程中的施工环境能够做到文明；应用生态仿生技术还能够使得建筑物能够满足与自然环境的协调的要求；能够很好的提高居民的室内居住环境，保证绿色环保，减少施工过程中的污染，保护建筑物本身和周边的环境，营造和谐的施工作业。3海洋技术我们居住的地方虽然成为地球，地球上的水的面积缺失占了地球总表面面积的百分之七十一，随着世界人口的不断发展，人均土地也在不断的减少，土地的资源利用率也越来越低，面对这些问题，人们把目光转向了海洋，开始着手对海洋资源的开发。各种海洋工业基地和生活居住地也会在海洋中更加广泛的出现，呈现出更加密集的分布。随着海洋资源的不断开发，海洋城市是可以作为人类居住环境出现在海底中的，通过对海洋的空间进行开发，不断建设海洋建筑工程设施，海洋空间的开发范围可以是海面、海中和海底，还能是海上和海边等等。除了居住地外，还可以开发众多的娱乐设施，因为海中和大地上的组成不同，带来的乐趣也是不同的；除了娱乐设施还可以开发交通设施，将潜艇技术广泛的运用到海底的交通上；还可以开发众多的储藏设施和军工基地等等。海洋建筑设施是一个很有发展潜力的课题，很据海洋的性质研发适合海中作业的施工技术，对海洋的开发打好基础。随着时代的进步，现代建筑的施工新技术也需要不断的发展，建筑施工新技术有着综合性、长期性和复杂性等性质。在建筑施工中应该加快新施工技术的发展，在保证施工进度和施工质量的基础上多多的使用新技术、新设备以及新材料，探索出建筑施工新技术的发展路径，提高我国建筑施工新技术的层次，增加我国建筑行业的竞争力。更多关于工程/服务/采购类的标书代写制作，提升中标率，您可以点击底部官网客服免费咨询：https://bid.lcyff.com/#/?source=bdzd

最快超简单的水火箭如下：一、材料注意事项1、塞子上需要打两个孔，但孔不要打太大，刚好紧紧包裹住筷子和吸管即可，一定不能漏气。2、火箭头和尾翼并非必需品，它们不影响火箭性能，但可让火箭更美观。(橡胶火箭头还可以让水火箭更安全）。二、简单几步教你自制水火箭第一步：在塞子上打两个空，然后把硬吸管和筷子穿进塞子中(建议筷子尖头朝外)第二步：把软管穿到硬吸管上。第三步：把加工好的塞子插入瓶口，塞子进入瓶口一半即可。第四步：用打气筒给瓶子打气，如果瓶子可以在足够的压力下可以顺利的被发射出去则制作成功。如果不行，请检查是否有衔接处漏气。第五步：将橡胶火箭头套到瓶子尾部，如果不牢固可用透明胶带或电工胶带加固。第六步：用泡棉胶给火箭尾部贴上尾翼，火箭即完全制作完成！三、水火箭原理解析当塞子将瓶口塞紧后，瓶子内部就形成了一个密闭空间，这时如果打入气体，空间内的气压就会增大，当塞子和瓶口的接合处不能再承受这股压力后，塞子就会脱离瓶口。而这时瓶内的气体就会集中流向低压区（即瓶口），形成-股反作用力推动我们的小火箭前进，但单靠空气所形成的动能太少了，于是水就变成了一个很好的媒介。水会随着空气一起冲出瓶口，而水的质量则大大增加了反作用推力，火箭就能被发射的更远。

1.可以通俗理解为，仅限互联网信息的是指网页端的信息服务，不包含互联网信息服务就是指移动端服务。2.如果你是经营性网站的并且有分类，像发布有偿信息的，你要办理网站经营许可证=ICP，如果你是移动端的服务，像群发短信，彩铃这些，你要办理SP证，不是ICP.而企业官网不是经营性网站不用办ICP。3.商城的话要具体看你的产品内容情况，如果是卖你自己的产品，那也不用办经营许可证，如果是有别的商家在你的商城里卖东西，那你就要办理增值电信业务许可证，是EDI。如果你的商城里面还有涉及发布分类信息的，那还得再办一个ICP。4.仅限互联网信息服务这一项是ICP经营许可证的范围；信息服务业务（不包含互联网信息服务）这一项是SP许可证的范围；SP许可证分为地网SP和全网SP许可证。公司企业官网如果是对公司宣传的话，只需要做ICP备案即可，无需申请ICP许可证。如果公司商城类网站的话，有可能需要到ICP许可证也有可能需要到EDI许可证（在线数据处理与交易处理业务）。

植脂末的危害是产生反式脂肪酸。最近研究表明，植物油的部分氢化实际上是把植物油的不饱和脂肪酸变成饱和或半饱和状态的过程，此过程中会产生反式脂肪酸，它可以使人体血液中的低密度脂蛋白增加，高密度脂蛋白减少，诱发血管硬化，增加心脏病、脑血管意外的危险。但是全部氢化不会产生反式脂肪酸，这种全部氢化的工艺非常成熟。新近美国在修订食物金字塔的构成时，已明确提出要重视反式脂肪酸的问题，要求厂家标明产品中的反式脂肪酸的含量。世界卫生组织与欧美国家先后对每天摄取量的安全上限（2克）与食品含反式脂肪酸的比例（1%）做出了建议与规定。植脂末的特点采用优质植物油脂配以酪蛋白精工制作，应用在奶粉、咖啡、麦片、调味料及相关产品中，虽然能改善食品的口感，但是含有大量的对人体有害的物质。植脂末能改善食品的内部组织，增香增脂，使口感细腻，润滑厚实，故又是咖啡制品的好伴侣，可用于速溶麦片、蛋糕、饼干等，使蛋糕组织细腻，提高弹性;饼干可提高起酥性，不易走油。以上内容参考：百度百科—植脂末