空姐的英文翻译

您好这些是航司的起飞、安全检查、餐前广播...中英文广播词希望可以帮助到你！1.安全检查广播女士们、先生们:飞机 ( 已经推出 准备滑行/已经开始滑行)，请您系好安全带，收超小桌板，调直椅背，打开遮光板，关闭电子设备的电源，包括带有飞行模式功能的手机。本次航班是禁烟航班。谢谢您的合作！Ladies and Gentlemen:We are ready for departure. Please fasten your seat belt, open the window shade, put the tray table in place，bring your seat back upright and switch off all the electronic devices, including the mobile phone in flight mode. Please do not smoke during the entire flight.Thank you!2.起飞前再次确认安全带女士们、先生们：飞机即将起飞，请再次确认安全带已经系好，所有电子设备已关闭。谢谢！Ladies and Gentlemen:We are ready for take-off，please double-check your seat belt is securely fastened and all electronic devices are switched off. Thank you.3.餐前广播女士们、先生们：我们将为您提供餐食及各种饮料，希望您能喜欢。在用餐期间，请您调直座椅靠背，以方便后排的旅客。如需要帮助，我们很乐意随时为您服务。谢谢！Ladies and Gentlemen:We are pleased to begin our meal services. Flight attendants will be moving through the cabin serving meals and beverages soon.For the convenience of the passenger siting behind you, please adjust your seat back to its upright and locked position during the meal service。If you need any assistance, please contact any flight attendant。　　4.起飞前广播、安全检查女士们，先生们：我们的飞机很快就要起飞了，请您配合客舱乘务员的安全检查，系好安全带，收起小桌板，调直座椅靠背，靠窗边的旅客请您协助将遮光板拉开。同时，我们将调暗客舱灯光，如果您需要阅读，请打开阅读灯。谢谢您的合作！祝您旅途愉快！Ladies andGentlemen:We will take off soon. Please be seated,fasten your seat belt and make sure that your tray table is closed, your seatback to the upright position. If you are sitting in a window seat, please help usby opening the shading plate.We will be dimming the cabin lights. If you wantto read, please turn on your reading light.Thank you!

　　应聘 自我介绍 的内容，首先请报出自己的姓名和身份，这是礼貌的需要，还可以加深考官对你的印象。下面我为你带来空乘 面试 英语自我介绍的内容，希望你们喜欢。 　　关于空乘面试英语自我介绍篇一 　　Good morning/afternoon, my name is XXX ,you can call me XXX. I like the feeling flying in the sky like a swallow. It is really a great honor to have this opportunity for an interview, i would like to answer whatever you may raise, and i hope i can make a good performance today. 　　Now i will introduce myself briefly.I am 20 years old,born in XXX.I grow up in a sweet family,composed of my dad,mom,brother and myself.I am an optimistic and confident girl.I have full confidence in a bright future,and i believe i can do well in caac.punctuality and diligence are crucial to most future careers,i will try my best. Altough i just graduated from school, i have confidence to venture my funture. 　　Scoaring in the sky as an airhostess has been a dream for me since childhood.This is why iu2019m longing for a job on a plane, and this is why iu2019m standing here for this interview. 　　Thatu2019s all.nice talking to you .thanks. 　　关于空乘面试英语自我介绍篇二 　　Hello my name isXXX.I am XX yearsold.I graduatedfrom XXX.I have a dream since I was a child.I dream that one dayI can fly in the blue sky like the bird. Now I have the chance to make it cometrue. If i can take this job. Iu2019ll try my best to do everything well.Because Ilove this job. 　　关于空乘面试英语自我介绍篇三 　　My name is xxx. I amxx years old. Contrary to common belief，Ican actually speak in English. I was born in xxx. I have studied xxx, xxx, andEnglish。I do like English because it is a common language widely spoken aroundthe world.For most travellers, they could understand English in addition totheir native language. Should you have any additional questions about me - youcould ask me in English。Thank you all for your time. 　　关于空乘面试英语自我介绍篇四 　　Hello, my name is XXX, 16, from XX school. From childhood, I have a dream, that is like a bird can fly in the sky, and now I finally have the opportunity to realize the dream of, if I can get this job, Iu2019ll try my best to do everything, because I like this job, I often attend school activities organized by the school, also in the school student, I also exercise myself, so I am confident I can do this job, I love life, love dancing, love this job , so today I stand here. Iu2019ll go to face with a smile. I hope I can very well today. 你好，我叫XXX，今年16岁，来自XX学校，从孩提时起我就有一个梦想，那就是能像鸟儿一样在蓝天中飞翔，现在我中终于有机会实现梦想了，如果我能得到这份工作，我会尽力做好所有的事情，因为我喜欢这份工作，我在学校里经常参加一些学校组织的活动，而且也是学校学生会的，在学生会我也锻炼了自己，所以我有信心能胜任这份工作，我热爱生活，热爱舞蹈，更热爱这份工作，所以今天我站在了这里。我会以微笑去面对。我希望我今天能表现的非常出色。 　　Although I will not promise, but I will try to do the best it(虽然我不会承诺，但是我会尽力把它做到最好)Although my English is not good, but I will strive to change through future(虽然我的英语不好，但是我会通过今后的努力去改变) 　　I did not understand what you say, please say it again you can do(我没听懂你说的什么，请可以再说一遍吗)Perhaps I really do not understand that I do, and I am sorry(可能是我真的不明白，我尽力了，不好意思 )

空乘英语经典句型汇总 　　英语里有很多句型，仔细分析一下你会发现它们和中文句式有很多相似之处呢!下面是我为大家带来的关于空乘英语经典句型汇总的知识，欢迎阅读。 　　空乘英语——英语经典句型汇总 　　句型1：There+be +主语+地点状语/ 时间状语 　　Thereu2019s a boat in the river. 　　河里有条船。 　　句型2：Whatu2019s wrong with+sb. / sth. ? 　　Whatu2019s wrong with your watch? 　　你的手表有什么毛病? 　　句型3：How do you like...? 　　How do you like China? 　　你觉得中国怎么样? 　　句型4：What do you like about...? 　　What do you like about China? 　　你喜欢中国的什么? 　　句型5：had better(not)+动词原形 　　Youu2019d better ask that policeman over there. 　　你最好去问问那边的那个警察。 　　句型6：How+adj. / adv. +主语+谓语!What a/ an+adj. +n. +主语+谓语! 　　How cold it is today! 　　今天多冷啊! 　　What a fine picture it is! 　　多美的一幅图画呀! 　　句型7：Thank+sb. +for(doing)sth. 　　Thank you for coming to see me. 　　感谢你来看我。 　　句型8：So+be/ 情态动词/ 助动词+主语 　　He is a student. So am I. 　　他是一个学生，我也是。 　　句型9：... not ... until ... 　　He didnu2019t have supper until his parents came back. 　　直到他的父母回来他才吃饭。 　　句型10：比较级+and+比较级 　　The baby cried harder and harder. 　　那孩子哭得越来越厉害。 　　句型11：the +比较级，the +比较级 　　The more one has，the more one wants. 　　越有越贪。 　　句型12：... as +adj./ adv.+as ...u2026not as(so) +adj. / adv. +as ... 　　Do you think that art is as important as music? 　　你认为艺术和音乐一样重要吗? 　　Last Sunday the weather was not so wet as it is today. 　　上个星期天的天气不如今天的天气潮湿。 　　句型13：more/ less +adj.+than... 　　I think art is less important than music. 　　我认为艺术不如音乐重要。 　　句型14：stopu2026from doing sth. 　　The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away. 　　绿色长城将阻挡风吹走土壤。 　　句型15：both ... and ... 　　Both you and I are students. 　　我和你都是学生。 　　句型16：either ...or... 　　Either you or he is wrong . 　　不是你错就是他错。 　　句型17：neither ... nor ... 　　Neither he nor I am a student. 　　我和他都不是学生。 　　句型18：... as soon as ... 　　As soon as I see him，Iu2019ll give him the message. 　　我一见到他，我就把你的.消息告诉他。 　　句型19：... so+adj. / adv.+that ... 　　I was so tired that I didnu2019t want to speak. 　　我累得连话也不想说了。 　　句型20：Though...+主句 　　Though I like writing to my pen-friend，it takes a lot of time. 　　虽然我喜欢给笔友写信，但它要耗费我大量时间。 　　句型21：be going to 　　This afternoon Iu2019m going to buy a Qisu English book. 　　今天下午我要去买本奇速英语书。 　　句型22：be different from 　　I think this is different from Chinese names. 　　我认为这与汉语名字不同。 　　句型23：Welcome(back)to... 　　Welcome back to school! 　　欢迎回到学校! 　　句型24：have fun doing 　　Weu2019re going to have fun learning and speaking English this term. 　　这学期我们将兴味盎然地学习和讲英语。 　　句型25：... because ... / ...，so ... 　　I donu2019t know all your names because this is our first lesson. 　　因为这是我们的第一节课，所以我并不知道你们所有人的名字。 　　句型26：Why donu2019t you ... / Why not ... 　　Why donu2019t you come to school a little earlier? 　　为什么不早点到校呢? 　　句型27：make it 　　Letu2019s make it half past nine. 　　让我们定在九点半吧! 　　句型28：have nothing to do 　　They have nothing to do every day. 　　他们每天无所事事。 　　句型29：be sure/ be sure of/ about sth. / be sure to do sb. 　　I think so, but Iu2019m not sure. 　　我想是这样，但不敢确定。 　　I was not sure of / about the way，so I asked someone. 　　我对于怎么走没有把握，所以我问别人了。 　　句型30：between ... and ... 　　There is a shop between the hospital and the school. 　　在那家医院和那所学校之间有一家商店。 　　句型31：keep sb. / sth. +adj./ V-ing/ 介词补语/ adv. 　　You must keep your classroom clean. 　　你们必须保持教室干净。 　　Sorry to have kept you waiting. 　　对不起，让你久等。 　　Can you keep him in the room ? 　　你能让他在这个房里吗? 　　Keep them here. 　　让他们在这儿呆着。 　　句型32：find +宾语+宾补 　　He finds it very hard to travel around the big city . 　　他发现要环游这个大城市是很难的。 ;

空乘服务常用英语would youlike anything to drink first?您想先喝点什么?here istoday""s menu．what would you like to have?这是今天的菜单，你想吃些什么?thank you forwaiting sir．here you are．anything more?谢谢，让您久等了。这是您的饭和咖啡，还要点什么?how about thesweet?甜食要不要?may i clear up yourtable now?现在可以收拾您的桌子吗?are you goingto study there or just for sight seeing?你是去学习还是只去旅游?the flight hasbeen delayed because of bad weather．由于天气恶劣，航班已经延误。we can""t takeoff because the airport is closed due to poor visibility.

空乘服务常用英语口语 　　起飞前 　　1. morning, madam(sir). welcome board! 　　早上好，女士(先生)。欢迎登机! 　　2. may i introduce myself, i""m ___, the chief purser of 　　this flight. 　　请允许自我介绍。我叫___，本次航班的乘主任务长。 　　3. morning, sir. welcome aboard. business class or economy? 　　早上好，先生。欢迎登机。坐公务还是经济舱? 　　4. follow me, please. your seat is in the middle of the cabin. 　　请跟我来，您的座位在客舱中部。 　　5. an aisle seat on the left side ------ here you are, sir. 　　是左边靠走廊座位------这是您的座位。 　　6. i"m afraid you are in the wrong seat. 20c is just two rows behind on the other aisle. 　　恐怕您坐错位子了，20c正好在那边走廊的后二排。 　　7. excuse me for a second, i"ll check. 　　请稍等一下，我查查看。 　　8. the plane is about to take off. please don""t walk about in the cabin. 　　飞机马上要起飞了，请不要在客舱内走动。 　　9. you know the weather in hongkong is not so good. it has been delayed. 　　你知道香港的`天气不太好，飞机延误了。 　　10. air china flight ca937 leaves at 0730 in the morning. 　　中国国际航空公司ca937航班，上午7：30起飞。 　　11. flight no. 926, leaving tokyo at 1740, flies nonstop back to beijing. 　　ca926航班17：40离开东京直飞回北京。 　　12. you"re flying economy class. is that right? 　　您是坐经济舱，对吗? 　　起飞后 　　would you like anything to drink first? 　　您想先喝点什么? 　　here is today""s menu.what would you like to have? 　　这是今天的菜单，你想吃些什么? 　　thank you for waiting sir.here you are.anything more? 　　谢谢，让您久等了。这是您的饭和咖啡，还要点什么? 　　how about the sweet? 　　甜食要不要? 　　may i clear up your table now? 　　现在可以收拾您的桌子吗? 　　are you going to study there or just for sight seeing? 　　你是去学习还是只去旅游? 　　the flight has been delayed because of bad weather. 　　由于天气恶劣，航班已经延误。 　　we can""t take off because the airport is closed due to poor visibility. 　　由于低能见度，机场关闭，我们不能起飞。 　　our plane is bumping hard.please keep your seat belt fastened。 　　我们的飞机颠簸得厉害，请系好安全带。 　　before take-off ;

　　当来到的一个陌生的地方时，通常需要用到自我介绍，自我介绍可以拉近我们与陌生人的关系。那要怎么写好自我介绍呢？下面是我帮大家整理的空乘英文的自我介绍5篇，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。 空乘英文的自我介绍 篇1 　　Good morning,everyone,My name is ***,I am twenty-one years old.I was born in TianJin. 　　I am studying at Hebei University of Technology . (我就读于河北工业大学) 　　I have a happy family. （我出生在一个幸福的家庭） 　　composed of my father,mother,brother and myself.（由我的爸爸，妈妈和我弟弟组成） 　　i am an optimistic and confident boy（我是一个乐观和自信的男孩） When I was a child, I always dreamed of living in the blue sky, although I knew that this was not possible. 　　(当我还是孩子的时候，总是梦想着住在蓝天之上，虽然我知道这个并不可能) 　　However, I now have the opportunity to make my dream come true, that is to become a flight attendant. 　　(然而，现在我却有机会来实现我的这一梦想，那就是成为一名空乘) I like the feeling flying in the sky. （我喜欢在天空中飞翔的"感觉） 　　Although I have a lot of problems, but I will work hard to improve. (虽然我现在有很多不足，但是我会努力改进) That"s all.Thanks. 空乘英文的自我介绍 篇2 　　Hello my name isXXX. I am XX years old. I graduated from XXX. I have a dream since I was a child. I dream that one day I can fly in the blue sky like the bird. Now I have the chance to make it come true. 　　If i can take this job. I" ll try my best to do everything well.Because I love this job. 空乘英文的自我介绍 篇3 　　Good morning，ladies and gentlemen。 my name is Wang Lili， Im very gl ad to have this opportunity for an interview， I would like to answer whatever you may raise， and I hope I can make a good performance toda y。I come from Longdong college in Qingyang city。 The Professional is history 。 and I will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation i n June。20xx。 In school ，I also had learned a little English and Japanese。 I pa ssed CET6 with a ease。 　　Im interesrting in lectures，which includes C hinese culturesand other cultures。so I also like to write article s and proses in free times。 Besides，I love deeply blue sky and stewa rdess job，I admire I can fly in the sky in the future。 In order to it，I often took tours to airport company in our city， in which I learned a lot of knowledge about Airline industry。 Besides，my personality is cheerful and lively， and I have good relati onships。 　　I get along well with my classmate。 I am a patient girl，too。 I cherish this opportunity very much。 I like this job of airport scre eners。 I also want to through this opportunity to exercise me。 My de sire is to work at the airport。 I think this is a very challenging wo rk， as I hope you will give me a chance to work。 I believe that I can adapt to the job， I will constantly improve ourselves in training， a nd strive after work hard。I hope you can give me this opportunity to let me prove myself。 OK， that is all，thank you for your attention。 空乘英文的自我介绍 篇4 　　Good afternoon, everyone: 　　It is a great honor for me to have the opportunity to ask you for an interview here today. My name is Ma Tianjun. I come from Zhangye, named after "Zhang Guobi tuck in order to connect the western regions", and this year (age plus). 　　I am a person with a wide range of interests, love music performance, in the development of their hobbies at the same time, I did not slack off their own learning. Because of personality affinity because of the high school for three years I have served as a member of the study, the students in the class to get along very well, we can reach the intention of students, can the teacher issued instructions, students are good Banwei, is teacher"s good assistant. Flight attendants this occupation has always been my dream, I want to play to the spirit of hard work, just let their affinity character can infect every journey tired, give others bring warmth and happiness! 空乘英文的自我介绍 篇5 　　一、morning everyone, my name is XXX.I am XX years old.I graduated from XXX.I have a dream since I was a child.I dream that one day I can fly in the blue sky like the bird. Now I have the chance to make it come true. If i can take this job. I"ll try my best to do everything well.Because I love this job.Thank you . 　　二、Hello my name isXXX.I am XX years old.I graduatedfrom XXX.I have a dream since I was a child.I dream that one day I can fly in the blue sky like the bird. Now I have the chance to make it come true. If i can take this job. I"ll try my best to do everything well.Because I love this job. 　　三、Hello my name isXXX.I am XX years old.I graduatedfrom XXX.I have a dream since I was a child.I dream that one day I can fly in the blue sky like the bird. Now I have the chance to make it come true. If i can take this job. I"ll try my best to do everything well.Because I love this job. 　　四、Good morning everyone, my name is XXX.I am XX years old.I graduated from XXX.I have a dream since I was a child.I dream that one day I can fly in the blue sky like the bird. Now I have the chance to make it come true. If i can take this job. I"ll try my best to do everything well.Because I love this job.Thank you .

空乘英文的自我介绍范文汇编十篇 　　当进入一个新环境，通常需要用到自我介绍，自我介绍是人与人进行沟通的出发点。那么自我介绍应该包括什么内容呢？以下是我为大家收集的空乘英文的自我介绍10篇，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。 空乘英文的自我介绍 篇1 　　My name is xxx. I am xx years old. Contrary to common belief，I can actually speak in English. I was born in xxx. I have studied xxx, xxx, and English. 　　I do like English because it is a common language widely spoken around the world. 　　For most travellers, they could understand English in addition to their native language. Should you have any additional questions about me - you could ask me in English。 Thank you all for your time. 空乘英文的"自我介绍 篇2 　　pesonel statement(introduction) good morning,my dear teachers,my dear professors.i am very glad to be here for your interview.my name is song yonghao,i am 22 years old .i come from luoyang,a very beautiful aicent city.my undergratuade period will be accomplished in changan university in july ,20xx;and now,i am trying my best for obtaining a key to tongji university. generally speaking ,i am a hard working student especially do the thing i am interested in. i will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is. when i was sophomore, i found web design very interesting, so i learned it very hard . to weaver a homepage for myself, i stayed with my pesonel computer for half a month.,and i am the first one in my class who own his homepage. forthermore,i am a person with great perserverence. during the days preparing for the first examination,i insist on running every day, no matter what the weather was like.and just owning to this,i could concentrate on my study and succeeded in the end. well ,in my spare time ,i like basketball, tennis and chinese chess. also english is my favorate.i often go to english corner to practise my oral english on every thursday,and write compositions to improve my witten ability .but i know my english is not good enough ,i will continue studying. ok, that is all,thank you for your attention. 　　 空乘英文的自我介绍 篇3 　　Good morning,everyone,My name is ***,I am twenty-one years old.I was born in TianJin. 　　I am studying at Hebei University of Technology . (我就读于河北工业大学) 　　I have a happy family. （我出生在一个幸福的家庭） 　　composed of my father,mother,brother and myself.（由我的爸爸，妈妈和我弟弟组成） 　　i am an optimistic and confident boy（我是一个乐观和自信的男孩） When I was a child, I always dreamed of living in the blue sky, although I knew that this was not possible. 　　(当我还是孩子的时候，总是梦想着住在蓝天之上，虽然我知道这个并不可能) 　　However, I now have the opportunity to make my dream come true, that is to become a flight attendant. 　　(然而，现在我却有机会来实现我的这一梦想，那就是成为一名空乘) I like the feeling flying in the sky. （我喜欢在天空中飞翔的感觉） 　　Although I have a lot of problems, but I will work hard to improve. (虽然我现在有很多不足，但是我会努力改进) That"s all.Thanks. 空乘英文的自我介绍 篇4 　　Good morning，ladies and gentlemen。 my name is Wang Lili， Im very gl ad to have this opportunity for an interview， I would like to answer whatever you may raise， and I hope I can make a good performance toda y。I come from Longdong college in Qingyang city。 The Professional is history 。 and I will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation i n June。20xx。 In school ，I also had learned a little English and Japanese。 I pa ssed CET6 with a ease。 　　Im interesrting in lectures，which includes C hinese culturesand other cultures。so I also like to write article s and proses in free times。 Besides，I love deeply blue sky and stewa rdess job，I admire I can fly in the sky in the future。 In order to it，I often took tours to airport company in our city， in which I learned a lot of knowledge about Airline industry。 Besides，my personality is cheerful and lively， and I have good relati onships。 　　I get along well with my classmate。 I am a patient girl，too。 I cherish this opportunity very much。 I like this job of airport scre eners。 I also want to through this opportunity to exercise me。 My de sire is to work at the airport。 I think this is a very challenging wo rk， as I hope you will give me a chance to work。 I believe that I can adapt to the job， I will constantly improve ourselves in training， a nd strive after work hard。I hope you can give me this opportunity to let me prove myself。 OK， that is all，thank you for your attention。 空乘英文的自我介绍 篇5 　　一、morning everyone, my name is XXX.I am XX years old.I graduated from XXX.I have a dream since I was a child.I dream that one day I can fly in the blue sky like the bird. Now I have the chance to make it come true. If i can take this job. I"ll try my best to do everything well.Because I love this job.Thank you . 　　二、Hello my name isXXX.I am XX years old.I graduatedfrom XXX.I have a dream since I was a child.I dream that one day I can fly in the blue sky like the bird. Now I have the chance to make it come true. If i can take this job. I"ll try my best to do everything well.Because I love this job. 　　三、Hello my name isXXX.I am XX years old.I graduatedfrom XXX.I have a dream since I was a child.I dream that one day I can fly in the blue sky like the bird. Now I have the chance to make it come true. If i can take this job. I"ll try my best to do everything well.Because I love this job. 　　四、Good morning everyone, my name is XXX.I am XX years old.I graduated from XXX.I have a dream since I was a child.I dream that one day I can fly in the blue sky like the bird. Now I have the chance to make it come true. If i can take this job. I"ll try my best to do everything well.Because I love this job.Thank you . 空乘英文的自我介绍 篇6 　　Hello my name isXXX. I am XX years old. I graduated from XXX. I have a dream since I was a child. I dream that one day I can fly in the blue sky like the bird. Now I have the chance to make it come true. 　　If i can take this job. I" ll try my best to do everything well.Because I love this job. 空乘英文的自我介绍 篇7 　　Hello,every one!I am a girl.I am eighteen years old.I have many hobbies.I"m very enjoy every nice things.I think they are very wonderful! I am very glad to take part in this compitation. Long ago,I am a shy girl, but in three years in the school,I began to become happy and more comfident.Now,I will act a program. I hope you will like it.Thank you. 空乘英文的自我介绍 篇8 　　Good morning, my name is XXX, it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview, I would like to answer whatever you may raise, and I hope I can make a good 　　performance today, eventually eoll In this prestigious university in september. now I will introduce myself briefly,I am 21 years old,born in Henan province ,north of China,and I am curruently a senior student at beijing XX uni.my major is packaging engineering.and I will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation in june.in the past 4 years,I spend most of my time on study,I have passed CET4/6 with a ease. and I have acquired basic knowledge of packaging and publishing both in theory and in practice. besides, I have attend several packaging exhibition hold in Beijing, this is our advantage study here, I have taken a tour to some big factory and company. through these I have a deeply understanding of domestic packaging industry. compared to developed countries such as us, unfortunately, although we have made extraordinary progress since 1978,our packaging industry are still underdeveloped, mess, unstable, the situation of employees in this field are awkard. but I have full confidence in a bright future if only our economy can keep the growth pace still. I guess you maybe interested in the reason itch to law, and what is my plan during graduate study life, I would like to tell you that pursue law is one of my lifelong goal,I like my major packaging and I won"t give up,if I can pursue my master degree here I will combine. 空乘英文的自我介绍 篇9 　　Good morning， ladies and gentlemen！ It is really my honor to have this opportunity for an interview。 I hope I can make a good performance today。 I"m confident that I can succeed。 Now I will introduce myself briefly。 I am 26 years old， born in Shandong province。 I graduated from Qingdao University。 My major is electronics。 And I got my bachelor degree after my graduation in the year of 20xx。 I spent most of my time on study， and I"ve passed CET—6 during my university。 And I"ve acquired basic knowledge of my major。 It is my long cherished dream to be an engineer and I am eager to get an opportunity to fully play my ability。 空乘英文的自我介绍 篇10 　　Ladies and gentlemen, interviewer: 　　My name is. Eighteen years old, I am confident, free and easy, and have good communication skills. They also play basketball, mountain climbing, running and other hobbies. I like to listen to lyric music, recite lyric poetry, read novels, English, chat and hum songs, the latest flight attendants introduce themselves in English and Chinese, select 3 latest English and Chinese self introduction, select 3. The teacher said I was an indefatigable optimist. 　　Since childhood I longed to fly in the blue sky, reproduced please keep this link!. I know as a flight attendant, not only to have the service of others but also full of passion, patience, tolerance, all rivers run into sea mind. This is the glorious and sacred cause of national image, I will care about other people"s feelings, learn to communicate, learn to smile, learn to enjoy flying, bring happiness to yourself and others. 　　Maybe I"m still young, and I still lack a lot of things from that dream, but I"ll try to learn more to enrich myself, and I"m eager to get a chance to fly from the judges" teacher. Thanks! ;

a flight attendant

空乘面试时英文介绍及经典问答 　　我为大家整理了空乘面试时的英文自我介绍及经典的.问答资料，希望读大家有所帮助，更多信息请关注应届毕业生培训网。 　 　一.空乘面试英文自我介绍 　　简单版; 　　hello my name isxxx.i am xx years old.i graduatedfrom xxx.i have a dream since i was a child.i dream that one day i can fly in the blue sky like the bird. now i have the chance to make it come true. if i can take this job. iu2019ll try my best to do everything well.because i love this job. 　 　二.空乘服务语面试十六个经典问题的经典回答 　　here are good answers to some of the tougher questions asked in job interviews. if you can smoothly supply answers like these during the interview, you are bound to make a good impression. 　　1. what is important to you in a job? 　　mention specific rewards other than a paycheck for example, challenge, the feeling of accomplishment, and knowing that you have made a contribution. 　　2. why do you want to work for this organization? 　　cite its reputation, the opportunities it offers, and the working conditions. stress that you want to work for this organization, not just any organization. 　　3. why should we employ you? 　　point to your academic preparation, job skills, and enthusiasm about working for the firm. mention your performance in school or previous employment as evidence of your ability to learn and to become productive quickly. if the job involves management responsibilities, refer to past activities as proof of your ability to get along with others and to work as part of a team. 　　4. if we hire you, how long will you stay with us? 　　answer by saying along these lines: "as long as my position here allows me to learn and to advance at a pace with my abilities." 　　5. can we offer you a career path? 　　reply: "i believe you could, once i know the normal progression within the organization. can you tell me about it?" the answer may be revealing. 　　6. what are your greatest strengths? 　　give a response like one of the following: "i can see what needs to be done and do it", "i"m wiling to make decisions", "i work well with others," "i can organize my time efficiently." 　　7. what are you greatest weakness? 　　identify one or two, such as the following:" i tend to drive myself toohard", " i expect others to perform beyond their capacities", " i like to see a job done quickly, and i"m critical if it isn"t." note these weaknesses could also be regarded as desirable qualities. the trick with this question is to describe a weakness so that it could also be considered a virtue. 　　8. what didn"t you like about previous jobs you"ve held? 　　discuss the things you didn"t like, but avoid making slighting reference to any of your former employers. 　　9. how do you spend your leisure time? 　　mention a cross section of interests-active and quiet, social and solitary -- rather just one. 　　10. are there any weaknesses in your education or experience? 　　take stock of your weaknesses before the interview. practice discussing them in a positive light. you"ll find that they are minor when discussed along with all the positive things you have to offer. 　　11. where do you want to be five years from now? 　　saying that you"d like to be president is unrealistic, yet few employers want people who are content to sit still. you might say, "in five years, i"d like to have my boss"s job. " if you can"t qualify for your boss"s job by then, you may not be the fright candidate. 　　12. what are your salary expectations? 　　if you are asked this at the outset, it"s best to say, "why don"t we discuss salary after you decide whether i"m right for the job? "but if the interviewer asks this after showing real interest in you, speak up. she or he will probably try to meet your price. if you need a clue about what to ask for, say, " can you discuss your salary range with me?" 　　13. what would you do if....? 　　this question is designed to test your reposes. for example: "what would you do if your computer broke down during an audit?" your answer there isn"t nearly so important as your approach to the problem. and a calm approach is best. start by saying, "one thing i might do is ..." then give several alternative choices. 　　14. what type of position are you interested in? 　　job titles and responsibilities vary from firm to firm . so state your skills instead, such as "i"m good at figure work," and the positions that require these skills , such as "accounts payable." 　　15. tell me something about yourself. 　　say you"ll be happy to talk about yourself, and ask what the interviewer wants to know. if this point is clarified, respond. if not, tell why you feel your skills will contribute to the job and the organization. this question gives you a great opportunity to sell yourself. 　　16. do you have any questions about the organization or the job? 　　employers like a candidate who is interested in the organization. so this is a perfect time to convey your interest and enthusiasm. ;

空乘 面试 和其他面试不太一样，因为空乘要面对的是国际，需要接触外国人，因此必须要会用英语介绍自己，那么面试空乘用英文做 自我介绍 应该怎么说？下面是我为您整理的“空乘面试 英文自我介绍 范文 ”，仅供参考，希望您喜欢。 空乘面试英文自我介绍范文1 Hello everyone, my name is __. This is really a great honor to have this opportunity, and I believe I can make good performance today. Now I will introduce myself briefly. I am 20 years old，born in Guangdong province, south of China, and I am a senior student at __University. My major is English. And I will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation in June. In the past four years, I spent most of my time on study. I passed CET4 and CET6 with a ease and acquired basic theoretical and practical knowledge of Language. Besides, I have attended several Speech competition held in Beijing, which really showed our professional advantages. I have taken a tour to some big factories and companies, through which I got a deep understanding of English for application. Compared to developed countries, unfortunately, although we have made e_traordinary progress since 1998, our packaging industry is still underdeveloped, messy and unstable, and the situation of employees in the field is awkward. But I have full confidence in its bright future if only our economy can be kept at the growth pace still. I guess you may be interested in why I choose this job. I would like to tell you that this job is one of my lifelong goals. If I can work here,I will work hard. As to my character, I cannot describe it well, but I know I am optimistic and confident. Sometimes I prefer to stay alone, reading and listening to the music, but I am not lonely, for I like to chat with my classmates about almost everything. My favorite pastime is to play volleyball, to play cards or to surf online. From life at university, I learn how to balance study and entertainment. By the way, I was an actor in our amazing drama club. I have a few glorious memories on stage. 空乘面试英文自我介绍范文2 Good morning, everyone. Thank you for taking your time. It"s really my honor to have this opportunity to take part in this interview. Now, I would like to introduce myself briefly. My name is __. I am 23 years old and born in Qingdao. I graduated from Hebei University of Science and Technology. My major is English.And I got my bachelor degree after my graduation. I also studied Audit in __ Normal University of Science and Technology. I am very interested in English and study very hard on this subject. I had passed TEM-8 and BEC Vantage. I worked in an American company at the beginning of this year. My spoken English was improved a lot by communicating with Americans frequently during that period. I am very optimistic and easy to get along with. I have many friends. Teamwork spirit is very important in this age. I think if we want to make big achievement, it"s very important to learn how to cooperate with other people. My motto is "characters determine destity", so I alwarys remind myself to be honest and modest to everyone . A verd says "attitude is everything". If I get this job, I will put all my heart in it and try my best to do it well. 空乘面试英文自我介绍范文3 I am a contestant number __ , I"m from __. Zhongyuan more talents since ancient times, in this the mahoganypanelled splendour of land, emerged such as LanKong pilot jianying li blessed. Now, in the __ one received a good education in three years, I may not like jianying li eagle fight the sky, but in order to chests are the eternal desire to fly the blue sky, in order not to disappoint me the height of 1 meter 68, don"t live up to what our belowed, behaved, e_tremely has the affinity face, I hope I can through their own efforts to become a flight attendant, working between the blue sky white clouds, then clouds scud across the universe, overlooking the motherland good things. Flight attendants, has always been a pure girl silly dream, beautiful, romantic, and white clouds, blue sky angel, is my understanding of it. Maybe, I"m not as beautiful as an angel, but I"ll a heartfelt to passengers first, passenger is my angel. I will care about other people"s feelings, bow low, learn to listen, learn to communicate, learn services, learn to smile, learn to enjoy the pleasure of flying to themselves and others. Maybe, I"m still young, but I will try to, also hope to here from you get a chance to let the dream fly. I believe that when the dream is granted a pair of wings, flying is no longer a kind of desire, I want to fly to the distant place, across the sea mountains, white clouds blue sky world. I know what I want that kind of happiness in that higher sky, I want to fly, I want the sunlight, I want to fly higher. 空乘面试英文自我介绍范文4 Good morning. I am glad to be here for this interview. First let me introduce myself. My name is ___, 24. I come from __,the capital of __Province. I graduated from the __ _department of _ _University in July ,20_ _.In the past two years I have been preparing for the postgraduate e_amination while I have been teaching _ _in NO._ _middle School and I was a head-teacher of a class in junior grade two.Now all my hard work has got a result since I have a chance to be interview by you . I am open-minded ,quick in thought and very fond of history.In my spare time,I have broad interests like many other youngsters.I like reading books, especially those about __.Frequently I e_change with other people by making comments in the forum on line. In addition ,during my college years,I was once a Net-bar technician.So, I have a comparatively good command of network application.I am able to operate the computer well.I am skillful in searching for information in Internet. I am a football fan for years.Italian team is my favorite.Anyway,I feel great pity for our country"s team. I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning . Of course, if I am given a chance to study __ in this famous University,I will stare no effort to master a good command of advance __。 空乘面试英文自我介绍范文5 Good morning / good afternoon, my name is __, you can call me __. I like the swallow flying in the air.It really can have this opportunity to interview a great honor, I would like to answer whatever you may raise, and I hope I can make a good performance today. Now I will introduce myself briefly. I this year 20 years old, born in Jiangsu province. I grew up in a family of sweet, composed of my dad, mom, my brother and I. I am an optimistic and confident girl. I have full confidence in a bright future, I believe I can do the best. Punctuality and diligence are the most important future career, I will try my best. Although I just graduated from school, I have confidence in my future. Flying in the sky become airline stewardess has been my dream since childhood. This is why I want to work in an airplane, why I am standing here, coming here for an interview. I hope my application will be granted, so I will put the dream of my best service all over the world, the Civil Aviation Administration of China I can come true a member. All this. Nice talking to you. Thank you. 空乘面试英文自我介绍 范文大全 5篇相关 文章 ： ★ 空乘面试自我介绍英文版范文 ★ 空乘面试英文自我介绍4篇 ★ 空乘面试英文自我介绍范文 ★ 三分钟英文空乘面试自我介绍 ★ 经典的英文面试自我介绍范文五篇 ★ 一分钟空乘英文面试自我介绍 ★ 空乘面试英文自我介绍范文 ★ 空乘面试英语自我介绍范文 ★ 空乘面试英文自我介绍范例 ★ 空乘自我介绍英文范文3篇

下面各大航空公司乘务员招聘简章中提及的英语要求南航乘务员招聘对英语的要求：普通乘务员外语证书要求：乘务（安全）员：无需提供英语证书，面试及笔试环节有英语测试。“明珠之蓝”精英乘务员：需提供相关外语证书，具体如下：英语类：（下列五项满足其中之一）① 通过大学英语六级（CET6）及以上考试；② ②通过英语专业四级（TEM4）及以上考试；③托业考试分数650分（含）以上；④英语新托福考试60分（含）以上；⑤英语雅思考试得分6.0分（含）以上。厦门航空白鹭之星对英语的要求：英语水平：厦航英语口试良好及以上，且在毕业前取得以下任一种证书：1.英语专业:英语专业四级（TEM4）合格及以上；2.非外语专业:（1）英语六级（CET6） 430分及以上；（2）英语雅思口试6分及以上，其它单项5.5分及以上；（3）英语新托福68分及以上；（4）托业考试分数650分（含）以上。深航普通乘务员/安全员对英语要求：外语要求：掌握基本的听说读写能力，有大专三级及以上证书优先；深航本科乘务员/安全员英语要求：外语要求：具备良好的外语沟通能力，应提供以下外语等级（成绩）证书其中之一:英语类：①大学英语四级425（含）以上且托业听力阅读考试605分（含）以上；②大学英语六级425分（含）以上；③专业英语四级60分（含）以上；④专业英语八级60分（含）以上；⑤雅思考试5.5分（含）以上；⑥托福60分（含）以上。海航对英语的要求要求外语口语较为流利，日常交流基本无障碍春秋航空语言要求具有良好的外语水平（英语、日语或韩语等）东海航空英语要求要求较为流利，日常交流基本无障碍，达到面试口语考核合格标准，有英语等级证书者优先。吉祥航空对外语要求具备一定外语水平（有良好听、说能力），英语、日语、韩语优先四川航空乘务员英语水平上岗时达到大学英语三级水平国航乘务员英语水平具有良好的英语口语水平东方航空，金鹏航空，河北航空乘务员招聘信息无特定说明，但面试中都会有英语口语考试及笔试，难易程度根据航空公司而异。通过上面招聘要求来看，只有南航“明珠之蓝”，厦门航空白鹭之星，深航本科乘务员/安全员招聘需要英语等级证书，普通乘务员并无此要求。所以，在面普通乘务员的过程中，英语等级证书只是一个优势，但不是空乘面试成功与否的决定性因素。国内航空公司招聘乘务员的标准主要还是看形象气质，外貌五官，身材比例等外在因素，在此基础之上，其他优势才可以加分。因此，英语不是特别好的情况下，即使没有英语证书或者不是英语专业，也无妨。只要外形符合标准，来凤天乘云参加空乘英语培训班，再努力补补英语，最终符合航空公司考核英语标准即可。与之相反，英语好的情况下，其他方面差强人意还是会被刷。但是英语比较好的考生可以去南航明珠之蓝，海航、厦航、深航英语专招，大部分是飞国际航线的，只有这一类的招聘才能让英语优势最大化。随着我国航空事业的越来越国际化，英语好绝对是锦上添花的事情，会给工作带来更多便利，成为日后空乘职业生涯上的一个优势，如晋升乘务长多数英语较好。所以对于空乘今后的职业生涯来说，英语还是很重要的。如果担心空乘面试英语这关过不了的话，可以考虑报凤天乘云英语单项课程

　　自我介绍是每个职场中人必然要经历的一件事情,成功的自我介绍会为你的职业生涯赢得一个精彩的开端。本文是我为大家整理的空乘自我介绍英文范文，仅供参考。 　　空乘自我介绍英文范文篇一： 　　Morning，everyone! My name is Qinhaiyan， it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for an crew，and i hope i can make a good performance today. now i will introduce myself briefly，i am 24 years old，born in Guangxi province ，and i am curruently a senior student at Tianjin Agricultural College .my major is Marine Fishery Science and Technology,and i have received my bachelor degree .I have passed CET-4 with a ease. 　　i am optimistic and confident. sometimes i prefer to stay alone， reading， listening to music， but i am not lonely， i like to chat with my friends， almost talk everything ，my favorite pastime is valleyball，playing cards or surf online. through college life，i learn how to balance between study and entertainment. 　　空乘自我介绍英文范文篇二： 　　Good morning/afternoon, my name is yanghaiyan ,you can call me yanzi. I like the feeling flying in the sky like a swallow. 　　It is really a great honor to have this opportunity for an interview, i would like to answer whatever you may raise, and i hope i can make a good performance today. 　　now i will introduce myself briefly.i am 20 years old,born in shandong province.i grow up in a sweet family,composed of my dad,mom,brother and 　　myself.i am an optimistic and confident girl.i have full confidence in a bright future,and i believe i can do well in caac.punctuality and diligence are crucial to most future careers,i will try my best. altough i just graduated from school, i have confidence to venture my funture. 　　scoaring in the sky as an airhostess has been a dream for me since childhood.this is why i"m longing for a job on a plane, and this is why i"m standing here for this interview.i hope my application will be granted ,so that i will delive my best servies throughout the world as a airhostess member of caac and my dream can come ture. 　　that"s all.nice talking to you .thanks. 　　空乘自我介绍英文范文篇三： 　　Morning， sir ! My name is Lily， it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview， i would like to answer whatever you may raise， and i hope i can make a good performance today， eventually enroll in this prestigious university in september. now i will introduce myself briefly，i am 21 years old，born in heilongjiang province ，northeast of china，and i am curruently a senior student at beijing XX uni.my major is packaging engineering.and i will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation in june.in the past 4 years，i spend most of my time on study，i have passed CET4/6 with a ease. and i have acquired basic knowledge of packaging and publishing both in theory and in practice. 　　Besides， i have attend several packaging exhibition hold in Beijing， this is our advantage study here， i have taken a tour to some big factory and company. through these i have a deeply understanding of domestic packaging industry. compared to developed countries such as us， unfortunately， although we have made extraordinary progress since 1978，our packaging industry are still underdeveloped， mess， unstable， the situation of employees in this field are awkard. but i have full confidence in a bright future if only our economy can keep the growth pace still. i guess you maybe interested in the reason itch to law， and what is my plan during graduate study life， i would like to tell you that pursue law is one of my lifelong goal，i like my major packaging and i wont give up，if i can pursue my master degree here i will combine law with my former education. i will work hard in thesefields ，patent ，trademark， copyright， on the base of my years study in department of p p， my character? i cannot describe it well， but i know i am optimistic and confident. sometimes i prefer to stay alone， reading， listening to music， but i am not lonely，i like to chat with my classmates， almost talk everything ，my favorite pastime is valleyball，playing cards or surf online. through college life，i learn how to balance between study and entertainment. by the way， i was a actor of our amazing drama club. i had a few glorious memory on stage. that is my pride.

您好，空乘面试的考核项非常多，一般情况空乘社招面试分为初试、复试、终审。在空乘面试复试环节中，考察的就是你多方面的综合素质了。复试终审问答环节会有英语提问，首职航空小编给大家分享一些面试常见英语问答。1.A passenger wants to change the seat before taking off. How do you explain to the passenger?一位旅客想在起飞之前换座位。您如何向这位旅客解释？2.How do you help the passenger who can not find his seat?您如何帮助找不到座位的旅客？3.A passenger is complaining about the narrow legroom. Can you find another comfortable seat for him?一位旅客抱怨座位放腿的空间太窄。您能帮他换一个舒服一点的座位吗？4.Two passengers want to sit together but they have got separate seats. How do you help them?两个座位分开的旅客想挨着坐。您怎么帮助他们？5.How do you give the safety instructions to passengers are seated in the emergency exit row?您如何向坐在紧急出口座位的旅客介绍安全须知？6.If the flight has been delayed because some passengers are late for checking in， how do you explain to the passengers on board?由于一些旅客的晚到使得航班延误。您如何向机上的旅客解释？7.A passenger is on the wrong flight. How can you help him?一位旅客坐错了航班。您如何帮助他？8.A passenger is in the wrong seat. How do you deal with this?一位旅客坐错了座位。您如何处理这种情况？以上问题不知道参加过空乘面试的同学有没有遇到过，如果遇到过，大家都顺利过关了吗？之后要参加空乘面试的同学也要提前做好准备，想想如果是你，该如何回答才能赢得考官的青睐呢？

问题一：空姐的英文翻译 stewardess ["stju:?dis] (客机、轮船)上的女乘务员 飞机上的女空乘人员，也就是咱中国人说的空姐，就是 airline stewardess 或者 就是stewardess 空姐其实是一种美化的称呼，其实英文中就是stewardess 因为飞机上女乘务员，一般都很漂亮，气质也好，所以中国人就称她们为“空姐” 男空乘人员 是 steward ，其实也就是我们中国人所说的 空中先生 问题二：空姐英文是什么 空中小姐 stewardess 问题三：空姐 的英文到底怎么说 stewardess和air hostess都是比较老土的说法了。因为这2个单词特指女性的空乘。而现在我们广泛意义指的空乘不仅仅是女性的。所以有了cabin crew 和 flight attendant. 美语里用FA多一点。 问题四：空姐英文怎么说 stewardess:女乘务员； air hostess:特指空中小姐。 air hostess更常用一些，口语中用得较多。 问题五：在飞机上 用英语怎么称呼空姐和空少？ 以前正统说法是“air stewardess ,现在称作“flight attendants .你需要服务时按座位上的传呼灯，或者当他们在附近时说声“excuse me就可以了，不需要特别说什么的，不过见到机长就一定要称呼“captain 了。 问题六：日本空姐英文怎么写 日本空姐：Japanese stewardessJapanese [?d??p?"ni:z] n. 日本人；日语 adj. 日本（人）的；日语的 stewardess ["stju??d?s; ,stju??"des] n. 女管家；女干事；女服务员；空中小姐 What do you think is the chief charcteristic for a stewardess? 对空姐来说，你认为主要应该具备的品质是什么？ 问题七：空姐用英语怎么说 空姐的翻译airline hostess 例句 空姐要求那些足球队员熄灭他们的香烟，他们照办后空姐走开了。 Prabhupada could tolerate the cigarette *** oke and the rowdiness.

分类: 教育/科学 >> 外语学习 问题描述: 求“空姐”比较常用的说法，就象“office lady” 解析: stewardess stew·ard·ess (plural stew·ard·ess·es) noun Definitions: woman flight attendant: a female flight attendant on a passenger airplane encarta.msn/dictionary_/stewardess%2520 空中小姐 stewardess 当空中小姐言行需十分得体。 You need a lot of tact to be an air hostess. 您挡着通道，空中小姐推着饮料车无法通过。 You is blocking the aisle and the stewardess can not get past with the drinks trolley. 空中小姐应以才录用，而不应以貌录用。 Women who help passengers on planes should be employed for their ability,not for their looks. 飞机起飞时，空中小姐总要告诉全体旅客必顺要系紧座位安全带。 When the aeroplane begins to take off,the air hostess will tell all the passengers that they must fasten their seat belts. 空中小姐会从厨房给你拿些水来。 The stewardess will get you some water from the galley. 空中小姐对我说：“希他们不会呕吐。” The stewardess said to me:"Hope none of them barfs.". 空中小姐的职责是确保旅客的安全与舒适。 The duty of an air hostess is to ensure passengers"safety and fort. 空中小姐要大家扣好安全带。 The air hostess asked everyone to belt up. 她是一位空中小姐。 She is a stewardess.

空中小姐 stewardess 当空中小姐言行需十分得体。 You need a lot of tact to be an air hostess. 您挡着通道，空中小姐推着饮料车无法通过。 You is blocking the aisle and the stewardess can not get past with the drinks trolley. 空中小姐应以才录用，而不应以貌录用。 Women who help passengers on planes should be employed for their ability,not for their looks. 飞机起飞时，空中小姐总要告诉全体旅客必顺要系紧座位安全带。 When the aeroplane begins to take off,the air hostess will tell all the passengers that they must fasten their seat belts. 空中小姐会从厨房给你拿些水来。 The stewardess will get you some water from the galley. 空中小姐对我说：“希他们不会呕吐。” The stewardess said to me:"Hope none of them barfs.". 空中小姐的职责是确保旅客的安全与舒适。 The duty of an air hostess is to ensure passengers"safety and comfort. 空中小姐要大家扣好安全带。 The air hostess asked everyone to belt up. 她是一位空中小姐。 She is a stewardess.

你到底啥问题呀？

简单一点就说stewardess详细一点就说air hostess都可以 看您需要了：）

日语可以叫“乗务员”，英语Attendant。

尊敬的各位考官、各位评委老师：能够参加今天的招聘面试，对我来说，是幸运而又珍贵的。我是XXXX学校应届毕业生19岁，通过3年的努力，我在不断的学习和实践中，提高自己，把自己塑造成为一个专业功底扎实、知识结构完整、适应能力强、富于协作精神的时代青年。飞鸟择良木而栖，经过慎重考虑和选择，我认为加盟贵单位，能够为贵单位贡献一份力量的同时，也能实现自己的人生价值。做一名列车乘务员，是我的夙愿，做一名合格的飞机乘务员，需要用青春和勤奋去实现，做一名优秀的列车乘务员，需要千千万万旅客的投票赞成——但我相信：孜孜不倦的追求，一丝不苟的工作，坚持不懈的奋斗，能成就令人瞩目的业绩!我真切希望能够加盟去开创属于我们每个人都希望拥有的美好未来。Dearexaminers,judgesandteachersTobeabletoparticipateintoday"srecruitmentinterview,forme,isluckyandprecious.Iama19-year-oldfreshgraduateofxxxschool.Throughthreeyearsofhardwork,Ihaveimprovedmyselfthroughcontinuouslearningandpractice,andshapedmyselfintoayouthwithsolidprofessionalfoundation,completeknowledgestructure,strongadaptabilityandrichcooperationspirit.Aftercarefulconsiderationandselection,Ithinkjoiningyourcompanycancontributetoyourcompanyandrealizeyourlifevalueatthesametime.Tobeatrainattendantismylongcherishedwish.Tobeaqualifiedflightattendantneedstoberealizedwithyouthanddiligence.Tobeanexcellenttrainattendantneedstheapprovalofthousandsofpassengers.However,Ibelievethattheunremittingpursuit,meticulousworkandunremittingstrugglecanachieveremarkableachievements!Ireallyhopetobeabletojointocreateabetterfutureforeachofus.扩展资料内容方面：1、基本信息2、重大活动、获奖情况、突出成绩3、工作实习经历4、业余爱好特长6、对航空公司的了解，以及对职位的向往以上内容融会贯通，不要生搬硬套，以时间线的方式去找思路或者重点突出你与职业要求相关的优点和优势都可中文写好，英文用有道翻译你的重要履历即可，比如基本信息，工作经验，优点优势等。

来源：金星脱口秀。（金星）：哎哟嘿，我一看小丫头片子，还两副面孔呢，看到姐这怎么收拾你，一会来了，到我这来了。空姐：喝什么？金姐：sorry ，I dont understand（对不起，我不明白） 。空姐：我问你喝什么？金姐：sorry ，I dont understand （对不起，我不明白）。空姐：would you like something to drink? coffe tea or coca cola？（你要点什么喝的吗？咖啡、茶或可口可乐）。金姐：橙汁儿！！扩展资料：在《舞林大会》以及《中国好舞蹈》等各种舞蹈评论类节目中的点评，金星犀利、直接的语言风格已经深入 人心。《金星秀》无疑延续了这种风格，在“有话问金姐”的网友提问环节，无论是“武媚娘剪胸”这样的文化娱乐话题，还是“准丈母娘逼买房”等之类的社会话题，金星都能麻辣点评。也正是因为这样犀利直接，敢爱敢恨的金星在娱乐圈也有着不错的人缘。备受关注的《金星时间》版块，并不是所有明星都可以来的，对于明星的邀请，金星的心里也自有一把标尺：“有的人不见得敢和我聊，而且我敢问很多问题，他们不见得敢回答。所以敢上我节目的人，一定是心里比较敞亮、踏实、自信的人。”金星认为脱口秀的访谈并不是明星专访，她更愿意跟明星一起聊对于某件事的看法，而不是探讨他/她的生活。来到《金星秀》的明星“尽量别装，装的成分也很少。”

空乘常用面试英语口语汇总 　　空中乘务指的是航空飞机上从事为旅客的服务人员。也叫做“航空乘务”。空乘是非常理想的一个职业，但是竞争力也是非常强的。下面是学优网整理的空乘常用面试英语口语大全，欢迎阅读! 　　无论是到中国的国际航空公司还是国外的航空公司应聘，公司都要求空中小姐不仅有高挑的身材和甜美的长相，而且要具备优雅的"气质，会讲一口流利的英语空乘常用面试英语口语大全空乘常用面试英语口语大全。口试 　　内容主要分为中英文面试、中英广播词、航空状况题、时事题、个人问题等。每一家公司会有不同的考试流程，初复试的难易度也不同，要多方面收集资料，知己知彼，再配合临场应变能力、机智反应、适宜的装扮、优雅的谈吐及亲和力，这样面试才能得高分。 　　在下文中我整理了英语面试口语，希望对大家的面试有所帮。 　　BASIC EXPRESSIONS 基本句型表达 　　1.Q：Tell me about yourself and your past experience. 　　说说你自己和你过去的经历 　　A：For the past 3 years, I have been working in China East Airlines 　　Corporation Limited. I very tolerant of people and have been told that 　　this is one of my strengths. I feel I have a lot to offer as a team 　　member. 　　过去三年我一直在中国东方航空有限公司工作。我待人宽容，别人都说这是我的优点空乘常用面试英语口语大全职业英语。我想作为团队一员，我能作出很多贡献。 　　2.Q：What made you decide on this type of occupation? 　　什么原因使你决定投身这个行业呢? 　　A： I like travelling very much and I enjoy working with people. 　　我非常喜欢旅游，喜欢和人打交道。 　　3.Q：Do you know what are the responsibilities of the stewardess? 　　你知道作为空中小姐的职责是什么吗? 　　A：The main responsibility of the stewardess is to make the passengers relaxed and happy during the flight. 　　主要的职责就是让乘客在飞行中能放松、快乐。 　　4.Q：What do you think are the chief characteristics of a stewardess? ;

空乘英文面试自我介绍 　　空乘面试英语自我介绍一： 　　My name is ZHangHang,I"m nineteen years old and I"m from ZhangQiu,JiNan,where there is a famous springs called BaiMai and there have been the hometown of the famous poet liQingZhao.In a word,my hometown is a very beautiful place with a long history.I like singing playing basketball, the personality is bright and easy.I want to study in this school very much,and I dream to be an excellent flight attendant.Trust me and please give me a chance. 　　空乘面试英语自我介绍二： 　　good morning/afternoon,my name is yanghaiyan ,you can call me yanzi.i like the feeling flying in the sky like a swallow. 　　it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview, i would like to answer whatever you may raise, and i hope i can make a good performance today. 　　now i will introduce myself briefly.i am 20 years old,born in shandong province.i grow up in a sweet family,composed of my dad,mom,brother and myself.i am an optimistic and confident girl.i have full confidence in a bright future,and i believe i can do well in caac.punctuality and diligence are crucial to most future careers,i will try my best. altough i just graduated from school, i have confidence to venture my funture. 　　scoaring in the sky as an airhostess has been a dream for me since childhood.this is why i"m longing for a job on a plane, and this is why i"m standing here for this interview.i hope my application will be granted ,so that i will delive my best servies throughout the world as a airhostess member of caac and my dream can come ture. 　　that"s all.nice talking to you .thanks. 　　空乘专业面试，英语的自我介绍是少不了的。自我介绍，虽然每个人的情况不同会有不同的说法，可基本都是大同小异，中国人才网的老师为您归纳了英语自我介绍的常用语，下面我们一起来学习一下吧。 　　英语自我介绍常用语句一： i"m from XI"an and my name is LiYao. 　　然后告诉人家你的`梦想，和你为什么希望得到这次机会,这些个相信你不知道怎么说吧? 　　英文自我介绍常用语句二：when i was child,i have a dream.a beautiful dream.I dreamed to fly in the blue sky someday. Now I have the opportunity to make it come true. 　　若是面试的话,自我介绍尽量掌握在1-2分钟之内.但是按照你的语言,显然有些单薄,你应该在自我先容中加上自己的性 格独特的地方.海参斑 　　比如你有团队互助精力,这点对于任何企业来说都很重要! 　　英文自我介绍常用语句三：You should say "i"m supportive , dependable and cooperative.i"m also a good team player.i like working with all types of people,even bad-tempered people. 　　英文自我介绍常用语句四："如果我有幸成为你们的一员" : If I have the honor to become a member of yours 　　面试自我介绍结束语：i will try my best to give the last measure of devotion . because i know the weakest goes to the wall,and the most important is i have a strong love on this career. Thanks for listening . ;

　　面试空乘需要用英文做自我介绍，下面是我为您整理的“空乘面试英文自我介绍范文”，仅供参考，希望您喜欢!更多详细内容请点击查看。 　　空乘面试英文自我介绍范文1 　　Good morning / good afternoon, my name is xx, you can call me xx. I like the swallow flying in the air.It really can have this opportunity to interview a great honor, I would like to answer whatever you may raise, and I hope I can make a good performance today. 　　Now I will introduce myself briefly. I this year 20 years old, born in Jiangsu province. I grew up in a family of sweet, composed of my dad, mom, my brother and I. I am an optimistic and confident girl. 　　I have full confidence in a bright future, I believe I can do the best. Punctuality and diligence are the most important future career, I will try my best. Although I just graduated from school, I have confidence in my future. 　　Flying in the sky become airline stewardess has been my dream since childhood. This is why I want to work in an airplane, why I am standing here, coming here for an interview. 　　I hope my application will be granted, so I will put the dream of my best service all over the world, the Civil Aviation Administration of China I can come true a member. 　　All this. Nice talking to you. Thank you. 　　空乘面试英文自我介绍范文2 　　Good morning, everyone. 　　Thank you for taking your time. It"s really my honor to have this opportunity to take part in this interview. Now, I would like to introduce myself briefly. 　　My name is xx. I am 23 years old and born in Qingdao. I graduated from Hebei University of Science and Technology. 　　My major is English.And I got my bachelor degree after my graduation. I also studied Audit in xx Normal University of Science and Technology. I am very interested in English and study very hard on this subject. I had passed TEM-8 and BEC Vantage. 　　I worked in an American company at the beginning of this year. My spoken English was improved a lot by communicating with Americans frequently during that period. 　　I am very optimistic and easy to get along with. I have many friends. Teamwork spirit is very important in this age. I think if we want to make big achievement, it"s very important to learn how to cooperate with other people. My motto is "characters determine destity", so I alwarys remind myself to be honest and modest to everyone . 　　A verd says "attitude is everything". If I get this job, I will put all my heart in it and try my best to do it well. 　　空乘面试英文自我介绍范文3 　　I am a contestant number xx , I"m from xx. Zhongyuan more talents since ancient times, in this the mahoganypanelled splendour of land, emerged such as LanKong pilot jianying li blessed. Now, in the xx one received a good education in three years, I may not like jianying li eagle fight the sky, but in order to chests are the eternal desire to fly the blue sky, in order not to disappoint me the height of 1 meter 68, don"t live up to what our belowed, behaved, extremely has the affinity face, I hope I can through their own efforts to become a flight attendant, working between the blue sky white clouds, then clouds scud across the universe, overlooking the motherland good things. 　　Flight attendants, has always been a pure girl silly dream, beautiful, romantic, and white clouds, blue sky angel, is my understanding of it. 　　Maybe, I"m not as beautiful as an angel, but I"ll a heartfelt to passengers first, passenger is my angel. I will care about other people"s feelings, bow low, learn to listen, learn to communicate, learn services, learn to smile, learn to enjoy the pleasure of flying to themselves and others. 　　Maybe, I"m still young, but I will try to, also hope to here from you get a chance to let the dream fly. I believe that when the dream is granted a pair of wings, flying is no longer a kind of desire, I want to fly to the distant place, across the sea mountains, white clouds blue sky world. I know what I want that kind of happiness in that higher sky, I want to fly, I want the sunlight, I want to fly higher. 　　空乘面试英文自我介绍范文4 　　Good morning. 　　I am glad to be here for this interview. First let me introduce myself. My name is ***, 24. I come from **,the capital of **Province. I graduated from the ** department of **University in July ,20**.In the past two years I have been preparing for the postgraduate examination while I have been teaching **in NO.**middle School and I was a head-teacher of a class in junior grade two.Now all my hard work has got a result since I have a chance to be interview by you . 　　I am open-minded ,quick in thought and very fond of history.In my spare time,I have broad interests like many other youngsters.I like reading books, especially those about **.Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line. 　　In addition ,during my college years,I was once a Net-bar technician.So, I have a comparatively good command of network application.I am able to operate the computer well.I am skillful in searching for information in Internet. 　　I am a football fan for years.Italian team is my favorite.Anyway,I feel great pity for our country"s team. I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning . 　　Of course, if I am given a chance to study ** in this famous University,I will stare no effort to master a good command of advance **。 　　空乘面试英文自我介绍范文5 　　Hello everyone, my name is xx. This is really a great honor to have this opportunity, and I believe I can make good performance today. Now I will introduce myself briefly. 　　I am 20 years old，born in Guangdong province, south of China, and I am a senior student at **University. My major is English. And I will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation in June. In the past four years, I spent most of my time on study. 　　I passed CET4 and CET6 with a ease and acquired basic theoretical and practical knowledge of Language. Besides, I have attended several Speech competition held in Beijing, which really showed our professional advantages. I have taken a tour to some big factories and companies, through which I got a deep understanding of English for application. Compared to developed countries, unfortunately, although we have made extraordinary progress since 1998, our packaging industry is still underdeveloped, messy and unstable, and the situation of employees in the field is awkward. 　　But I have full confidence in its bright future if only our economy can be kept at the growth pace still. I guess you may be interested in why I choose this job. I would like to tell you that this job is one of my lifelong goals. If I can work here,I will work hard. 　　As to my character, I cannot describe it well, but I know I am optimistic and confident. Sometimes I prefer to stay alone, reading and listening to the music, but I am not lonely, for I like to chat with my classmates about almost everything. 　　My favorite pastime is to play volleyball, to play cards or to surf online. From life at university, I learn how to balance study and entertainment. By the way, I was an actor in our amazing drama club. 　　I have a few glorious memories on stage. 　　 推荐阅读：

空乘专业英语 自我介绍 模板一： 　　Hello my name isXXX.I am XX years old.I graduatedfrom XXX.I have a dream since I was a child.I dream that one day I can fly in the blue sky like the bird. Now I have the chance to make it come true. If i can take this job. Iu2019ll try my best to do everything well.Because I love this job. 　　模板二： 　　Hello, my name is XXX, 16, from XX school. From childhood, I have a dream, that is like a bird can fly in the sky, and now I finally have the opportunity to realize the dream of, if I can get the opportunity to learn.Iu2019ll try my best to do everything, because I like this , I love life, love dancing, love this job , so today I stand here. Iu2019ll go to face with a smile. I hope I can very well today. 　　你好，我叫XXX，今年16岁，来自XX学校，从孩提时起我就有一个梦想，那就是能像鸟儿一样在蓝天中飞翔，现在我中终于有机会实现梦想了，如果我能得到这次 学习 的机会，我会尽力做好所有的事情。我热爱生活，热爱舞蹈，更热爱这份工作，所以今天我站在了这里。我会以微笑去面对。我希望我今天能表现的非常出色 。 　　模板三： 　　good morning, my name is XXX, it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview, i would like to answer whatever you may raise, and i hope i can make a good performance today, eventually enroll in this Pstigious university in september. now i will introduce myself briefly,i am 21 years old,born in heilongjiang province ,northeast of china,and i am curruently a senior student at beijing XX uni.my major is packaging engineering.and i will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation in june.in the past 4 years,i spend most of my time on study,i have passed CET4/6 with a ease. and i have acquired basic knowledge of packaging and publishing both in theory and in practice. besides, i have attend 　　several packaging exhibition hold in Beijing, this is our advantage study here, i have taken a tour to some big factory and company. through these i have a deeply understanding of domestic packaging industry. compared to developed countries such as us, unfortunately, although we have made extraordinary progress since 1978,our packaging industry are still underdeveloped, mess, unstable, the situation of employees in this field are awkard. but i have full confidence in a bright future if only our economy can keep the growth pace still. i guess you maybe interested in the reason itch to law, and what is my plan during graduate study life, i would like to tell you that pursue law is one of my lifelong goal,i like my major packaging and i won"t give up,if i can pursue my master degree here i will combine law with my former education. i will work hard in thesefields ,patent ,trademark, copyright, on the base of my years study in department of p&p, my character? i cannot describe it well, but i know i am optimistic and confident. sometimes i Pfer to stay alone, reading, listening to music, but i am not lonely, i like to chat with my classmates, almost talk everything ,my favorite pastime is valleyball,playing cards or surf online. through college life,i learn how to balance between study and entertainment. by the way, i was a actor of our amazing drama club. i had a few glorious memory on stage. that is my pride.

报考空乘的英文自我介绍如何写呢？我们一起来看一看：报考空乘的英文自我介绍可以分三部分来写。首先是开头部分，可以介绍自己的姓名、年龄以及性格，接着可以写自己的优势，最后结尾部分写自己的目标。关于报考空乘的英文自我介绍篇一goodmorning/afternoon,mynameisyanghaiyan,youcancallmeyanzi.ilikethefeelingflyingintheskylikeaswallow.itisreallyagreathonortohavethisopportunityforainterview,iwouldliketoanswerwhateveryoumayraise,andihopeicanmakeagoodperformancetoday.nowiwillintroducemyselfbriefly.iam20yearsold,borninshandongprovince.igrowupinasweetfamily,composedofmydad,mom,brotherandmyself.iamanoptimisticandconfidentgirl.ihavefullconfidenceinabrightfuture,andibelieveicandowellincaac.punctualityanddiligencearecrucialtomostfuturecareers,iwilltrymybest.altoughijustgraduatedfromschool,ihaveconfidencetoventuremyfunture.scoaringintheskyasanairhostesshasbeenadreamformesincechildhood.thisiswhyi’mlongingforajobonaplane,andthisiswhyi’mstandinghereforthisinterview.ihopemyapplicationwillbegranted,sothatiwilldelivemybestserviesthroughouttheworldasaairhostessmemberofcaacandmydreamcancometure.thatsall.nicetalkingtoyou.thanks.关于报考空乘的英文自我介绍篇二MynameisZHangHang,I’mnineteenyearsoldandI’mfromZhangQiu,JiNan,wherethereisafamousspringscalledBaiMaiandtherehavebeenthehometownofthefamouspoetliQingZhao.Inaword,myhometownisaverybeautifulplacewithalonghistory.Ilikesingingplayingbasketball,thepersonalityisbrightandeasy.Iwanttostudyinthisschoolverymuch,andIdreamtobeanexcellentflightattendant.Trustmeandpleasegivemeachance.关于报考空乘的英文自我介绍篇三Hello,mynameisXXX,16,fromXXschool.Fromchildhood,Ihaveadream,thatislikeabirdcanflyinthesky,andnowIfinallyhavetheopportunitytorealizethedreamof,ifIcangetthisjob,I’lltrymybesttodoeverything,becauseIlikethisjob,Ioftenattendschoolactivitiesorganizedbytheschool,alsointheschoolstudent,Ialsoexercisemyself,soIamconfidentIcandothisjob,Ilovelife,lovedancing,lovethisjob,sotodayIstandhere.I’llgotofacewithasmile.IhopeIcanverywelltoday.以上就是小编今天的分享，希望可以帮助到大家。

空乘英文求职信精选 　　篇一： 　　dear mr lee： 　　application for the position of administrative officer 　　in response to your advertisement for this position in the govyi.com on january 4, i have enclosed my resume for your consideration. 　　as an administrative assistant at xyz television limited during the past five years, i was responsible for all computer support and administrative functions. my duties included equipment maintenance, coordinating various projects, purchasing and supervising of general staff. all these abilities are important to the smooth running of the office. 　　i believe my qualifications match your requirements and would appreciate the opportunity to discuss this application with you at your convenience. 　　thank you for your consideration. 　　yours sincerely 　　篇二： 　　1、good morning/afternoon/evening, my name is . it is really a great honor to have this opportunity/chance to introduce myself. i would like to answer whatever you may raise, and i hope i can make a good performance today. 　　上午好/下午好/晚上好!我的名字叫……。今天有机会进行自我介绍深感荣幸。我乐意回答你们所提出来的任何问题。我希望我今天能表现的非常出色。 　　2、i am -years old, born in province/beijing, northeast/southeast/southwest…… of china, and i am currently a freshman　　(大一新生)/sophomore(大二学生)/junior(大三学生)/senior(大四学生) student at capital institute of physical education. 　　我今年……岁，出生在……省/北京，它位于中国的东北/东南/西南……等部。我目前是首都体育学院大一/大二/大三/大四的学生。 　　3、 my major is sports training of basketball/voellyball/football/badminton/pingbang/tennis/ 　　我主修篮球/排球/足球/羽毛球/乒乓球/网球/田径/游泳/跆拳道等运动训练专业。在我毕业以后，我将会获得学士学位。 　　4、in the past 1/2/3 years, i spend most of my time on study. i have passed cet3/4/6 and i have acquired basic knowledge of sports training both in theory and in practice. 　　在过去的1/2/3年中，我把大量的`时间用在学习上。我已经通过了大学 英语 2/3/4/6级。而且，我已经从理论和实践二方面对运动训练专业的基础知识有了一个大致的了解。 　　5、besides, i have attended several sports meetings held in beijing. i am also the volunteers of china tennis open, chinese badminton masters…… . through these i have a deeply understanding of my major—sports training. 　　除此以外，我还参加了在北京举行的许多运动会。我还是中国网球公开赛，羽毛球大师赛……的志愿者。通过这些，我对运动训练专业有了一个更深刻的了解。 　　6、i have lots of interest, such as singing, dancing, drawing and so on. 　　我有很多兴趣爱好，如唱歌、跳舞、画画等。 　　7、thank you! 　　谢谢大家! ;

空中小姐airhostess;airstewardess她是一位空中小姐。Sheisastewardess.当空中小姐言行需十分得体。Youneedalotoftacttobeanairhostess.空中小姐要大家扣好安全带。Theairhostessaskedeveryonetobeltup.

您好，汉语（空姐）在英语有常用的两种翻译：1）英式英语常用 flight attendant，所以复数形式是 flight attendants；2）美式英语常用 flight steward（男性），flight stewardess（女性），所以复数形式是 flight stewards（男性），flight stewardesses（女性）。

⑴欢迎词 女士们，先生们： 欢迎你乘坐中国XX航空公司航班XX_____前往_____（中途降落_____）。有_____至____的飞行距离是_______，预计空中飞行时间是________小时_______分。飞行高度______米，飞行速度平均每小时_______公里。 为了保障飞机导航几通讯系统的正常工作，在飞机起飞和下降过程中请不要使用手提式电脑，在整个航程中请不要使用手提电话，遥控玩具，电子游戏机，激光唱机和电音频接收机等电子设备。 飞机很快就要起飞了，现在有客舱乘务员进行安全检查。请您坐好，系好安全带，收起座椅靠悲和小桌板。请您确认您的手提物品是否妥善安放在头顶上方的行李价内或座椅下发。（本次航班全程禁烟，在飞行途中请不要吸烟。） 本次航班的乘务长讲协同机上_______名乘务员竭诚为为您提供及时周到的服务。 谢谢！ Welcome Good morning (afternon, evening), Ladies and Gentlemen: Welcome aboard XX Airlines flight XX______to______(via______) The distance between______and_______is______kilometers. Our flight will take ________ hours and_______minutes. We will be flying at an altitude of________meters and the average speed is_______ kilometers per hour. In order to ensure the normal operation of aircraft navigation and communication systems, passengers are toys, and other electronic devices throughout the flight and the laptio computers are not allowed to use during take-off and landing. We will take off immediately, Please be seated, fasten your seat belt, and make sure your seat back is straight up, your tray table is closed and your carry-on items are securely stowed in the overhead bin or under the seat in front of you. (This is a non-smoking flight, please do not smoke on board.) The (chief) purser _________with all your crewmembers will be sincerely at your service. We hope you enjoy the flight! Thank you!

Stewardess

空姐的英语如下：stewardess airhostess。英语（英文：English）是一种西日耳曼语支，最早被中世纪的英国使用，并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。英国人的祖先盎格鲁部落是后来迁移到大不列颠岛地区的日耳曼部落之一，称为英格兰。这两个名字都来自波罗的海半岛的Anglia。该语言与弗里斯兰语和下撒克森语密切相关，其词汇受到其他日耳曼语系语言的影响，尤其是北欧语（北日耳曼语），并在很大程度上由拉丁文和法文撰写。英语已经发展了1400多年。英语的最早形式是由盎格鲁-撒克逊人移民于5世纪带到英国的一组西日耳曼语支（Ingvaeonic）方言，被统称为古英语。中古英语始于11世纪末，诺曼征服英格兰；1476年，威廉·卡克斯顿将印刷机介绍给英国，并开始在伦敦出版第一本印刷书籍，扩大了英语的影响力。自17世纪以来，现代英语在英国和美国的广泛影响下在世界各地传播。通过各类这些国家的印刷和电子媒体，英语已成为国际主导语言之一，在许多地区和专业的环境下的语言也有主导地位，例如科学、导航和法律。

广播词空乘中如下：1、登机广播。亲爱的旅客朋友们，欢迎来到南航。当您进入客舱后，请留意行李架边缘的座位号码对号入座。您的手提物品可以放在行李架内或座椅下方。请保持过道及紧急出口通畅。如果有需要帮助的旅客，我们很乐意协助您。南方航空愿伴您度过一个温馨愉快的空中之旅，谢谢！2、飞机在着陆滑跑中减速的办法。反推装置。反推力装置是产生与飞机飞行方向相反推力的设备，发动机工作时，大量的气体以高速度向后喷出，产生与飞机飞行方向一致的推力，推动飞机克服空气阻力向前飞行。反推力装置是将喷出的发动机气体折向发动机前方，使气体向发动机前方喷出，产生与飞机飞行方向相反的力，即反推力。一般采用折流板挡住排气流，使气流斜着向前喷出。当着陆时，阻流门打开，外涵气体偏转方向，产生向前的推力，帮助飞机更快的减速。3、夜间。女士们，先生们：我们的飞机很快就要起飞了，请您配合客舱乘务员的安全检查，系好安全带，收起小桌板，调直座椅靠背，靠窗边的旅客请您协助将遮光板拉开。同时，我们将调暗客舱灯光，如果您需要阅读，请打开阅读灯。谢谢您的合作！祝您旅途愉快！4、旅客未登机，查找行李。女士们、先生们，由于有几位旅客办理了登机手续，但未按时登机。为了保证飞行安全，我们必须卸下他们所交运的行李物品，请您在座位上休息等候。有交运行李的旅客请随时同地面工作人员下飞机认领自己的行李。谢谢您的合作。

每个航司的要求不一样！有的不需要！

1. 空乘专业英语要求高吗 不难，初中的水平就行，不过他会听你的音色，听你的发音！我考试抽到的题目就是你喜欢购物吗？为什么？老师提问的是你想买什么！没什么不用担心，加油！ 2. 高铁乘务这个专业对英语有什么要求吗 我觉得对英语没有大要求的吧 - - 这只是在国内开的 既然那些国内航班的空姐英语也不很好 那这个要求应该也不会很高 3. 商务英语，航空乘务英语方向专业，专业怎么样 商务英语专业的毕业生能在国家机关、外事、外贸、外企、各类涉外金融机构、商务管理公司、专业翻译机构、出版、新闻、旅游、高级宾馆酒店等部门，承担商务管理、商务翻译、外贸洽谈、经贸文秘、英语编辑、英语记者、驻外商务代理、涉外公关、涉外导游等工作；也可在中学、中专、职高、技校和英语语言培训中心、大中专院校及科研部门等从事教学和科研工作。 4. 常用空乘专业英语口语 初中毕业应该是考大专职高类的学校 口语应该简单的很。。都是嘴基本的问题 而且重点不是在英语口语上 。。。多多准备常用对话就好了 住你成功 5. 空乘专业和外语专业相近吗 空乘专业和外语专业不相近。 不能转专业。 空乘专业， 属于艺术类专业， 不能往普通文、理专业转。 相关信息， 可询问学校教务处, 最直接的是问你的班主任、辅导员。 6. 空乘专业的英语 Hello, i am an attendant on an airplane. 这样说不可以吗? 或 Airway 7. 中国民航的民航英语专业毕业后的就业方向有哪些 空中交通管理专业培养掌握民航空中交通管制技术的专业基础知识和技能，能从事民航空中交通管制领域工作的高级技术应用性专门人才;空中乘务专业侧重精通国内外航空服务业务，能够熟练掌握所学专业技能;有较高的英语水平、团结协调能力和灵活的应变能力的空乘、空勤人员。专业人才的培养促进了民航类专业的稳定快速发展。 民航运输类专业属于高职高专专业，其中涉及民航运输、空中乘务、航空服务、航空特种车辆维修、空中交通管理、空中乘务、飞行技术、民航商务、航空通信技术、空中交通管理、飞行制造技术、航空机电设备维修、民航安全技术管理等专业。 8. 高铁乘务这个专业对英语有什么要求吗 我觉得对英语没有大要求的吧 - - 这只是在国内开的 既然那些国内航班的空姐英语也不很好 那这个要求应该也不会很高 9. 高铁乘务和应用英语哪个专业更好 大专应用英语三年制，第一年只学习英语基础，第二年学习专业课程。 10. 航空乘务专业用英文怎么说 aviation service

其实我认为空姐还是需要学习英语的，因为有时候也会遇到一些说英语的人，所以这个时候就需要自己的这个能力，就需要好的进行沟通和交流。

关于空乘面试英语问题 　　关于空乘面试英语问题分享给大家，那么，关于空乘面试英语问题有哪些？以下就是我整理的关于空乘面试英语问题，一起来看看吧！ 　　can you work under pressure? 　　what is your greatest strength? 　　what is your greatest weakness? 　　what have you done to correct your weaknesses? 　　have you ever failed? 　　what is your biggest failure? 　　how do you handle failure? 　　how do you handle change? 　　when you are in charge, how do you motivate people? 　　describe a time when you resolved a conflict? 　　how do you handle conflict? 　　previous employment 　　what is the hardest thing you ever did in your current job? 　　why have you held so many jobs? 　　do you consider yourself a loyal employee? 　　what did you like about your last job? 　　what did you dislike about your last job? 　　what was your favorite job? 　　what was your least favorite job? 　空乘面试问题 　　1.请做一下自我介绍? 　　2.你为什么想当一名乘务员? 　　3.你父母对你当乘务员怎么看? 　　4.你从何时起想成为一名空中乘务员的? 　　5.你想拿多少月薪? 　　6.如果你被录用，你会与我们共事多久? 　　7.如果乘客提议结伴旅行，你会怎么做? 　　8.请你说一说学分达到平均分以上的原因? 　　9.你以前做过兼职吗? 　　10.你在学校生活期间的特殊活动是什么? 　　11.学校生活给你印像最深的"是什么? 　　12.在上大学前你做什么? 　　13.你打算在此工作多久? 　　14.你对工作时间以外的超时工作怎么看? 　　15.请说一说本人的职业观? 　　16.你决意离职的动机是什么? 　　17.你向其它公司申请了吗? 　　18.你认为自己的英语实力如何? 　　19.你有资格证和特殊技能吗? 　　20.你认为自己的性格如何? 　　21你的优点和缺点是什么? 　　22.学生时代印象最深的是什么事? 　　23.你喜欢什么俱乐部活动? 　　24.你有学位吗? 　　25.你的大学成绩如何? 　　26.你最喜欢哪一课? 　　27.你在大学的专业是什么? 　　28.你毕业于哪一所高中(大学)? 　　29.你理想中的女性形象应该如何? 　　30.你认为自己的能力中具有竞争力的是什么? 　　31.你最近关心什么? 　　32.大学时做过什么活动? 　　33.请说一说你所知道的鸡尾酒的种类 　　34.你的英语水平如何? 　　35.你在休息日做什么? 　　36.做为社会的一员，你的梦想是什么? 　　37.请谈一谈你对恋爱结婚和通过媒人介绍结婚的看法 　　38今天心情如何? 　　39.你的兴趣是什么? 　　40.如果乘客晕机你该如何处理? 　　41.你如何保持健康? 　　42.放弃别的航空公司而要和我们一起工作的理由是什么? 　　43.你是属于保守型的，还是属于自由奔放型的? 　　44.迄今为止，什么事情给你留下了最深刻的印象? 　　45.你做过兼职吗? 　　46.如果孩子打扰乘客，你该如何去做? 　　47.你对女性吸烟问题如何看? 　　48.你有座右铭吗? 　　49.你擅长社交吗? ;

英语专业，通过英语专业四级考试；托业考试分数650分(含)以上；英语新托福考试60分(含)以上；英语雅思考试得分6.0分(含)以上。u2f00般u2fae英语专业，要求通过u2f24学英语六级(CET6)考试。

空乘面试英语自我介绍参考模板一：Good morning everyone, my name is XXX.I am XX years old.I graduated from XXX.I have a dream since I was a child.I dream that one day I can fly in the blue sky like the bird. Now I have the chance to make it come true. If i can take this job. I"ll try my best to do everything well.Because I love this job.Thank you .参考模板二：Hello my name isXXX.I am XX years old.I graduatedfrom XXX.I have a dream since I was a child.I dream that one day I can fly in the blue sky like the bird. Now I have the chance to make it come true. If i can take this job. I"ll try my best to do everything well.Because I love this job.参考模板三：Hello my name isXXX.I am XX years old.I graduatedfrom XXX.I have a dream since I was a child.I dream that one day I can fly in the blue sky like the bird. Now I have the chance to make it come true. If i can take this job. I"ll try my best to do everything well.Because I love this job.参考模板四：Good morning everyone, my name is XXX.I am XX years old.I graduated from XXX.I have a dream since I was a child.I dream that one day I can fly in the blue sky like the bird. Now I have the chance to make it come true. If i can take this job. I"ll try my best to do everything well.Because I love this job.Thank you .

您好，航空公司在乘务员面试中肯定会有关于英语口语和笔试的面试。面试者至少要有基础的口语交流能力和笔试能力。比如会进行英文自我介绍，朗读读广播词，考官英文问答，国航在面试阶段还会有英文辩论哦~！

空中男乘务员：Air male cabin crew空中女乘务员：Airline stewardess乘务长：crew working longer

Dear examiners, judges and teachers尊敬的各位考官、各位评委老师：To be able to participate in today"s recruitment interview, for me, is lucky and precious.能够参加今天的招聘面试，对我来说，是幸运而又珍贵的。I am a 19-year-old fresh graduate of xxx school. Through three years of hard work, I have improved myself through continuous learning and practice, and shaped myself into a youth with solid professional foundation, complete knowledge structure, strong adaptability and rich cooperation spirit.我是XXXX学校应届毕业生19岁，通过3年的努力，我在不断的学习和实践中，提高自己，把自己塑造成为一个专业功底扎实、知识结构完整、适应能力强、富于协作精神的时代青年。After careful consideration and selection, I think joining your company can contribute to your company and realize your life value at the same time.飞鸟择良木而栖，经过慎重考虑和选择，我认为加盟贵单位，能够为贵单位贡献一份力量的同时，也能实现自己的人生价值。To be a train attendant is my long cherished wish. To be a qualified flight attendant needs to be realized with youth and diligence. To be an excellent train attendant needs the approval of thousands of passengers. However, I believe that the unremitting pursuit, meticulous work and unremitting struggle can achieve remarkable achievements!做一名列车乘务员，是我的夙愿，做一名合格的飞机乘务员，需要用青春和勤奋去实现，做一名优秀的列车乘务员，需要千千万万旅客的投票赞成——但我相信：孜孜不倦的追求，一丝不苟的工作，坚持不懈的奋斗，能成就令人瞩目的业绩!I really hope to be able to join to create a better future for each of us.我真切希望能够加盟去开创属于我们每个人都希望拥有的美好未来。扩展资料想写好作文，必须具备扎实的基本功，作文的基本功主要体现在词、句、段三个方面。单词方面，积累单词，扩大词汇量，弄清词的确切用法及相似词的用法区别，以及很多固定短语、习语的用法，要准确地表达想要表达的意思。句子方面，注意一些常用的句式，平时看到比较好用的句式要记下来，多模仿，还要在写文章时注意长短句的结合。段落方面，注意整篇文章的整体布局，要从整体上把握每段的中心思想，避免偏题、走题。提高写作水平不是一朝一夕所能完成的，最重要的是养成好的学习习惯，平时注意多积累，勤动笔、多思考，潜移默化中写作水平便会不断提高。

不同的航空公司在招聘空乘的时候对英语的要求又是不一样的。基本大学过4级，能应付日常对话就可以了。

院校专业：基本学制：四年 | 招生对象： | 学历：中专 | 专业代码：080202培养目标培养目标 培养目标：本专业培养具备机械设计制造基础知识及应用能力，能在机械制造领域从事设计 制造、科技开发、应用研究、运行管理等方面工作复合型高级工程技术人才。培养要求：本专业学生主要学习机械设计、机械制造、机械电子及自动化等方面的基础理论 和基本知识，接受现代机械工程师的基本训练，具有机械产品设计、制造、设备控制及生产组织管 理等方面的基本能力。毕业生应获得以下几方面的知识和能力：1．具有数学及其他相关的自然科学知识，具有机械工程科学的知识和应用能力；2．具有制订实验方案，进行实验、处理和分析数据的能力；3．具有设计机械系统、部件和工艺的能力；4．具有对于机械工程问题进行系统表达、建立模型、分析求解和论证的初步能力；5．初步掌握机械工程实践中的各种技术和技能，具有使用现代化工程工具的能力；6．具有社会责任感和良好的职业道德；7．具有团队合作精神和较强的交流沟通能力；8．具有国际视野、终身教育的意识和继续学习的能力。主干学科：力学、机械工程。核心知识领域：机械设计原理与方法（含形体设计原理与方法、机构运动与动力设计原理、 结构与强度设计原理与方法、精度设计原理与方法、现代设计理论与方法）、机械制造工程原理 与技术（含材料科学基础、机械制造技术、现代制造技术）、机械系统中的传动与控制（含机械电 子学、控制理论、传动与控制技术）、计算机应用技术（含计算机技术基础、计算机辅助技术）、热 流体（含热力学、流体力学、传热学）。核心课程示例：1．示例一：工程制图（40+32学时）、材料力学（56学时）、理论力学（60学时）、机械原理(56 学时)、机械设计（56学时）、电路理论（40学时）、模拟电子技术（40学时）、数字电路（32学时）、 微机原理（40学时）、机电传动控制（64学时）、工程材料学（32学时）、机械制造技术基础（40学 时）。2．示例二：理论力学（64学时）、材料力学（64学时）、机械工程制图（48 +64学时）、机械原 理（64学时）、机械设计（64学时）、电工技术基础(64学时)、电子技术基础（64学时）、工程材料 （32学时）、热工基础（48学时）、机械制造技术基础（64学时）、控制工程基础（48学时）。3．示例三(1)工程机械方向：机械制图（32+48学时）、机械原理（48学时）、机械设计（48学时）、发动 机构造与原理（32学时）、液压与液力机械传动（48学时）、工程机械底盘（40学时）、现代工程机 械（48学时）、工程机械设计（32学时）、工程机械运用技术（32学时）。(2)机电一体化方向：机械制图（32+48学时）、机械原理（48学时）、机械设计（48学时）、控 制工程基础（40学时）、机械电子学（48学时）、机制工艺学（48学时）、机电传动控制（40学时）、 液压传动（40学时）、CAD/CAM（40学时）。主要实践性教学环节：金工实习、电工（电子）实习、认识实习、生产实习、课程设计、科技创 新与社会实践、毕业设计（论文）。主要专业实验：工程力学实验、机械设计基础实验、互换性测量技术基础实验、工程测控实 验、电工与电子技术实验、机械制造基础实验、机电传动与控制实验。修业年限：四年。授予学位：工学学士。 职业能力要求职业能力要求 专业教学主要内容专业教学主要内容《C/C++程序设计》、《机械CAD/CAM》、《AUTO CAD 二维绘图与三维造型》、《电路与模拟电子技术》、《数控技术及应用》、《机械精度设计》、《机械拆装与测绘》、《自动化制造系统》、《机械精度设计基础》、《自动化机械系统设计》 部分高校按以下专业方向培养：车辆、机辆工程、汽车运用、数控技术、机电一体化、机械新技术、机械设计制造、精密制造技术、机电传动与控制、制造自动化与测控技术。专业（技能）方向专业（技能）方向机械、技术类企业：机械设计、机械制造、控制设备的维护维修、数控机床的编程及操作、工艺工装的设计制造、机械CAD/CAM技术、现场技术管理。职业资格证书举例职业资格证书举例 继续学习专业举例 就业方向就业方向 发展前景：（1） 从事机械设计与制造加工工艺规程的编制与实施工作；（2） 从事机械、电气、液压、气压等控制设备的维护维修工作；（3） 从事工艺工装的设计、制造工作；（4） 从事数控机床、加工中心等高智能设备的编程及操作工作；（5） 从事机械CAD/CAM技术的应用工作等； 对应职业（岗位）对应职业（岗位） 其他信息：说起机械设计制造及其自动化，其实我是非常熟悉这个专业的，因为我大一的专业就是机械类，包括了机械设计制造还有一些自动化内容，目前就读的是机械工程专业。首先我想说的是，机械是国民制造的基础，机械也是衡量一个国家发展水平的高低，所以如果你选择了这个专业，那么就说明你没有选错。我目前就读的大学是 东北大学 ，它里面的机械这个专业我觉得真的是不容小觑，因为不管是从设备上来说，还是老师的专业水平，都能达到国家双一流的指标，最重要的是有达到国家级别的实验室，真的是让我们在学校的学生有着非常好的体验，玩转各种实验仪器！其中也看到了一些机械类学长的就业情况和薪资高低，我觉得都要比其他学校强很多，很多优秀的机械设计制造师以及自动化的人才都是来自于东北大学，学长们已经把我们学校的名号打出去，为我们以后做出了好的铺垫。另外要说的就是在东大这里你可以有类似于实习的机会，在这里我们称它为金工实习，能够全方面的锻炼你动手的的能力，方便你能够很快的适应社会上的一些工作和岗位，不会发生一些像其他学校那样只教授理论知识，而缺乏了实践动手能力的教育。从多方面来看我觉得还是东北大学这个机械设计制造及其自动化是最好的，当然了，学校也是有一些高低之分的，看大家自己怎么认为啦！我是一个女生，划重点——女生！学的也是机械设计制造及其自动化，看到这个问题，我想说一下我所了解的机械。机械是一个很普遍的专业，基本上每一个理工科学校都会有机械，毕竟现在关于制造业的哪个行业基本上都需要机械。但是讲真的，作为一个女生的亲身感受，我觉得机械真的不适合女生！！！清华，作为在中国数一数二的学校，机械特别强，但是毕竟对于大多数人来说，清华北大基本上就是一个实现不了的梦想，所以，我作为一所也是211学校的学生，本着实际一点的态度，跟大家说一下哪个学校的机械比较强。首先要说的是上海交通大学，但看在机械方面的话，个人感觉上海交通大学的机械完全比得上清华的机械，甚至感觉更强一点，但是上海交通大学的录取分数线肯定是比清华低的，所以要是学习很好的学霸想学机械完全可以考上海交通大学。我在北京上学，现在大四了，我们专业的好多人也保研了，在北京的话保研一般都是首选北京航空航天大学，然后北京理工大学，然后北京科技大学，然后是保本校。清华因为确实是太难了，北航的机械也比较好，其实北航和北理差不多，但可能是北航的宣传比较多把，所以给人的感觉就是北航更强一些。北京之外的话，我知道的黑龙江的哈尔滨工业大学、陕西的西安交通大学、湖北的华中科技大学，这些学校都比较厉害。像中国农业大学这种学校，就是一看就有一个主要的强势的王牌专业，那学校里的机械肯定是往那方面发展的，方向性比较强。我是在中国地质大学学机械，我们学校最主要的是地质学，机械就作为一个辅助性学科了，我们学校的机械主要研究的就是钻探机一类的了，给大家看一下我们学的机械，冰山一角哈，这是我们大三的时候的一次实习的计算的第一天我拍的照片~~~这大概就是我所知道的，希望对大家有所帮助吧，总之，机械还是一门挺适合男生的学科，要是喜欢机械就根据自己的分数段找一个合适的学校，专业性强一些的。好专业比好学校重要。大二机械在读，两年的学习也算对机械专业有了一个初步认识。机械专业属于传统制造业，行业相对成熟，注重积累，涉及面广，机械设计制造及其自动化专业恐怕是工科中最具有代表性的专业，大部分高校都有开设，但水平也是参差不齐。如果要问那所大学的机械专业最好，最权威？那毋庸置疑一定是清华大学，清华大学最早设置的院系之一，学科积累深厚，以“造就各项机械工程专门人才，适应国内社会需要”为宗旨，培养了大批的机械类优秀工程师。但是还是想说一说家乡的大学哈尔滨工业大学。作为黑龙江最好的大学，从小就如雷贯耳，地处东北传统工业基地，机械专业那自不用说。机械设计制造及其自动化是哈工大的传统优势学科之一，发展历史悠久。1998 年得到教育部、国防科工委和世界银行贷款资助，建立了国家工科机械基础课程教学实验基地，对于我们机械的未来的学习发展是至关重要的。 由于东北近年来的经济的下滑，哈尔滨工业大学的分数线相对于其他机械强校来说都是稍低的，性价比还是很高的。并且学校里的学术氛围浓厚，适合本科生大学期间沉下心来学习。还有很多的大学的机械还是不错的，最强的可能就是机械五虎，清华大学、上海交通大学、华中科技大学、西安交通大学、哈尔滨工业大学。稍弱一点机械四小龙，吉林工业大学（现并入吉林大学）、湖南大学、燕山大学、合肥工业大学都是老牌机械强校。第四轮机械工程学科评估希望能对你有帮助！南航机械工程本科在读来答。机械专业的第一梯队的高校的话就是上海交通大学、清华大学和华中科技大学。我们学校机械专业最好的同学读研去向最多也是上海交通大学，其次是清华。因为南京念本科的同学大多还是打算在长三角发展的吧。当然，两所学校都是中国顶尖高校了，专业领域也是数一数二，所以选择的话就主要看个人喜好和未来规划吧。想去北京或者对清华有情怀的就去清华，想去长三角就选择上交。华中科技大学的话，相比前面二者可能平台稍低，也没有那么大的地域优势，当然专业方面还是很强很强，收分也会稍低一些。教育部 2012年学科评定第二梯队是一些老牌工科强校，诸如西安交通大学、哈尔滨工业大学，都是“九校联盟”，也是工信部直属高校，机械专业都有很强的底子。奈何这两所学校地理位置都不是太好，许多人都不大愿意选择，因而生源可能有一点吃亏。不过我认为，只要能学到真本事在哪里都是可以的。毕竟地域问题的话，工作或者再进修也不是不能再做选择。机械专业是一个基础学科，所以很多学校都开设，强校也很多。第三梯队理工科院校有北京航空航天大学、北京理工大学、西南交通大学等。综合性大学有吉林大学、浙江大学、中南大学、湖南大学、重庆大学。另外还有一个“双非”院校——燕山大学的机械工程也很强（因为燕山大学直接是原来哈工大机械系分出来的）。上面提到的所有学校的机械专业都是国家一级重点学科。另外还有一些学校的机械相关专业是国家二级重点学科（一级学科和二级学科是大门类和细分专业的区别，并无高下之分），比如南京航空航天大学和大连理工大学的机械制造及其自动化，西北工业大学的机械电子工程，同济大学和 东北大学 的机械设计及理论等等。希望我的回答对你有帮助，也祝你考入自己心仪的学校~作为一只学机械的中国地质大学的大四狗，在一211学校读，不得不说，我们学校的机械是作为我们学校重点学科的一个辅助学科，感觉类似石油、海洋、地质、矿大和农大等这样的大学都是把机械作为自己的主要学科的辅助。但是欢迎你报考中国地质大学~如果你想在机械工程等这样的传统机械方面得到提升，中国最最最厉害的学校就是上海交大，里面的人基本上都是大牛，基本上就是你刚会算自由度，人家就已经可以自己设计变速箱了（举的例子有点简单，勿喷）；而且，重点来了，它的分比清华低！！！敲黑板！！清华，去年还是前年，貌似成了机械世界第一？？我不太记得了，但是，我的学校离清华还算挺近，而且硕导和博导们经常有清华联培的项目，不过就我个人而言，我听到最多的是这么说的，清华精密机械世界第一，没人比得上。所以说机械设计制造及其自动化这门课各个都有各个学校的优势吧，拿北京的各个高校来说：如果你对精密仪器感兴趣，本科就去清华，对航空航天感兴趣就去北航，对车辆感兴趣就去北理，如果你非要问哪个好，恕我直言，考得好的话上清华，考的不好的就上交。就我在机械摸爬滚打四年来，给你排一个我心里想去的学校的名称：清华、上交、浙大、哈工大、北航、北理、华科、北科~不过去年的排行貌似变了哈工大排在了第一，好吧，我还是想去清华。还有，兄弟我劝你一句，要想多挣钱还是别学机械了，哈哈哈哈，虽然我不想转专业~

罗茨风机与离心风机的区别1、工作原理不同，离心风机用的是曲线风叶，靠离心力将气体甩到机壳处，而罗茨风机用的是两个8字形的风叶，它们间的间隙很小，靠两个叶片的挤压，将气体挤至出气口。2、由于工作原理不同，一般它们的工作压力不同，罗茨风机的出气压力比较高，而离心风机比较小。3、风量不同，一般罗茨风机用在风量要求不大但压力要求较高的地方，而离心风机用在压力要求低，风量要求大的地方。4、制造精度不一样，罗茨风机要求的精度很高，对装配要求也很严，而离心风机比较松。当然还有一些小区别就不说了。5、如果负载需要的是恒流量效果的情况时就用罗茨鼓风机。因为罗茨鼓风机属于恒流量风机，工作的主参数是风量，输出的压力随管道和负载的变化而变化，风量变化很小。罗茨风机是一种高压风机，罗茨鼓风机为容积式风机，输送的风量与转数成比例，把气体由吸入的一侧输送到排出的一侧。如果负载需要的是恒压效果的情况时就用离心风机。因为离心风机属于恒压风机，工作的主参数是风压，输出的风量随管道和负载的变化而变化，风压变化不大。6、离心式风机，风压力不大。空气的压缩过程通常是经过几个工作叶轮(或称几级)在离心力的作用下进行的。离心风机属于平方转矩特性，而罗茨风机基本属于恒转矩特性。

凝胶迁移实验1)什么是凝胶迁移或电泳迁移率实验？凝胶迁移或电泳迁移率实验（EMSA）是一种研究DNA结合蛋白和其相关的DNA结合序列相互作用的技术，可用于定性和定量分析。这一技术最初用于研究DNA结合蛋白，目前已用于研究RNA结合蛋白和特定的RNA序列的相互作用。通常将纯化的蛋白和细胞粗提液和32P同位素标记的DNA或RNA探针一同保温，在非变性的聚丙烯凝胶电泳上，分离复合物和非结合的探针。DNA-复合物或RNA-复合物比非结合的探针移动得慢。同位素标记的探针依研究的结合蛋白的不同，可是双链或者是单链。当检测如转录调控因子一类的DNA结合蛋白，可用纯化蛋白，部分纯化蛋白，或核细胞抽提液。在检测RNA结合蛋白时，依据目的RNA结合蛋白的位置，可用纯化或部分纯化的蛋白，也可用核或胞质细胞抽提液。竞争实验中采用含蛋白结合序列的DNA或RNA片段和寡核苷酸片段（特异），和其它非相关的片段（非特异），来确定DNA或RNA结合蛋白的特异性。在竞争的特异和非特异片段的存在下，依据复合物的特点和强度来确定特异结合。2)作这样的实验需要什么试剂？凝胶迁移实验需要的结合蛋白，可来源于纯化或部分纯化的蛋白，或粗的核和胞质抽提液。还必须制备同位素标记的DNA或RNA。一般，DNA核苷酸探针用g-32P和T4多核苷酸激酶来作末端标记，同位素标记的RNA用噬菌体RNA聚合酶和同位素标记的核苷酸在体外合成。Promega公司的Riboprobe?/sup系统（a,b）（目录号P1420，P1430，P1440，P1450，P1460）可用于同位素标记的RNA的体外合成，DNA5`末端标记系统（目录号U2010）用于制备DNA探针，结合反应所需的组分有：含盐的溶液（氯化镁，氯化钠，或氯化钾）、缓冲体系（Tris-HCl或HEPES）、还原剂（DTT）、甘油、非特异的竞争DNA（poly(dI:dC)?dI:dC)，也可能含非离子去污剂。在结合蛋白和同位素标记的探针作用后，在非变性的聚丙烯凝胶电泳上，分离复合物，随后将凝胶干燥并放射自显影，或用PhosphorImage?/sup分析。3)凝胶迁移实验系统提供了什么试剂？Promega公司提供一种凝胶迁移实验系统检测DNA结合蛋白，系统可作为这类实验的 一种正对照。系统包括目的寡核苷酸，对照DNA结合蛋白，结合缓冲液，用于寡核苷酸探针末端标记所需的试剂。Core 系统（目录号E3050）包括含重组AP2蛋白（AP2抽提液）的大肠杆菌抽提液和AP2的同源寡核苷酸。AP2抽提液是从表达AP2蛋白的大肠杆菌中提取的。另外，Core系统还含SP1同源寡核苷酸，凝胶迁移结合缓冲液（5′），和能作20次对照实验的HeLa核抽提液。Complete系统（目录号E3300）含另外5个双链寡核苷酸，分别是AP1、OCT1、CREB,、NF-kB、 TFIID结合位点的同源序列。这些寡核苷酸可以在末端标记后用作特异性探针，或在竞争实验中用作非特异性探针。参考凝胶迁移实验技术手册TB110获取更多的资料。4)成功进行凝胶迁移实验，需要优化哪些因素？凝胶迁移实验在理论上很简单也很快速，但要成功地进行凝胶迁移实验，需要优化一些参数，这主要受结合蛋白的来源和探针结合位点特点的影响。以下是需要优化的因素：抽提液的制备（核酸酶和磷酸酶污染会使探针降解），结合蛋白的浓度，探针的浓度，非特异性探针的浓度，缓冲液的配方和pH, 聚丙烯凝胶电泳的特点和电泳条件，保温时间和温度，载体蛋白，是否有辅助因子（比如锌，或镉等金属离子，或激素）。总之，反应总体积应最小（20ul）。为满足一般要求，结合缓冲液含4%甘油，1mMMgCl2, 0.5mMEDTA, 0.5mMDTT, 50mMNaCl, 10mMTris-HCl(pH7.5), 0.05mg/ml poly(dI:dC)?dI:dC,或10mMHEPES(pH7.9), 50mMKCl, 1mMDTT, 1mMEDTA, 10%甘油，0.05mg/ml poly(dI:dC)?dI:dC可作为优化实验的起始。参考凝胶迁移实验技术手册TB110获取更多的资料。5)提供了哪些同源的多核苷酸引物，这些引物的序列来源是什么？有各类dsDNA探针，它们含各种转录调控因子的同源结合位点。下表列出了所能提供的探针，和这些引物序列的出处。转录调控因子探针---------------------------------------探针名 目录号 序列（上链） 序列的出处Sp1 E3231,E3232 5`-ATT CGA TCG GGG CGG GGC GCG-3` SV40启动子（1）AP1 E3201 E3202 5`-CGC TTG ATG AGT CAG CCG GAA-3` 胶原酶基因TRE（2）AP2 E3211 E3212 5`-GAT CGA ACT GAC CGC CCG CGG CCC GT-3`人金属硫堇II a(3)基因NF-kB E3291, E3292, 5`-AGT TGA GGG GAC TTT CCC AGG C-3`鼠Igk轻链基因（4）Oct1 E3241 E3242 5`-TGT CGA ATG CAA ATC ACT AGA A-3` Ig重链基因（5）CREB E3281 E3282 5`-AGA GAT TGC CTG ACG TCA GAC AGC TAG-3`大鼠生长激素抑制基因（6）TFIID E3221 E3222 5`-GCA GAG CAT ATA AGG TGA GGT AGG A-3`belta-1球蛋白启动子只列出了上链的序列，探针是双链，下链序列和上链序列配对。黑体字表明序列来源于指定的基因序列，转录调控因子结合的序列用下线表明。一般而言，周围的核苷酸是任意。6)在DNA探针的选择上，要考虑哪些重要因素？目的DNA的长度应小于300bp，以有利于非结合探针和蛋白DNA复合物的电泳分离。双链的合成的寡核苷酸和限制性酶切片段可在凝胶迁移实验中用作探针。如目的蛋白已被鉴定，则应用短的寡核苷酸片段（约为25bp）,这样结合位点可和其他因子的结合位点区别开。长的限制性酶切片段可用于对推定的启动子/增强子区域内的蛋白结合位点定位。随后可用DNaseI 印迹对蛋白结合的特异区域在DNA序列水平上作出分析。7)用以下一些转录调节因子和HeLa细胞核抽提物可形成哪些复合物：AP1, AP2, CREB, NFkB, Oct1, Sp1, TFIID, TFIIB。当用HeLa细胞核抽提物作为结合蛋白的来源时，每1个转录调节因子和它相关的DNA同源序列结合形成特征型的结合形态。以下的文字描述了每一个单独的转录调节因子，包括识别的同源序列，因子的大小，特定的结合条件，以及和HeLa细胞核抽提物可形成的复合物的数目。1．AP1：AP1（激活蛋白1）是一个转录调节因子，它结合的同源序列为5`-TGAGTCA-3`。当基因的启动子区域存在AP1的结合位点时，这些基因可以被诱导，比如用佛波酯可诱导蛋白激酶C（2，7）。在细胞中，AP1形成c-Jun或Jun相关蛋白的同聚双体，或者形成c-Jun或Jun相关蛋白和c-Fos或Fos相关抗原（Fras）的异源双体。Fos蛋白自身不能形成同聚双体，并不能单独和AP1结合位点结合。c-Jun蛋白是一个40kDa的单体蛋白并通过亮氨酸拉链形成同聚双体。在HeLa细胞中，AP1的主要形式是c-Jun蛋白的同聚双体。在凝胶迁移实验中，形成一个特异的复合物。当作凝胶迁移实验测定AP1的活力时，除了基本的溶液组分外，应将0.01mg/ml poly(dI:dC)?dI:dC),100ug BSA, 5mMDTT加入到结合缓冲液中。如用纯化的蛋白，则用1-2ug的蛋白来检测迁移复合物。2．AP2：AP2是一个转录调节因子，可分别作为TPA-和cAMP诱导因子（10）。它是一个52 kDa的蛋白，识别的同源序列为5`-CCCCAGGC-3`或5`-GCCNNGGC-3`（3）。这个因子对视黄酸特别敏感，可能在形态发生中起着重要作用。HeLa细胞核抽提物和AP2同源DNA探针形成一个特定的复合物。用纯化的蛋白作凝胶迁移实验时，应用20-50ng的蛋白。3．CREB：CREB是一个37 kDa的转录调节因子，对cAMP应答，识别5`-T（G/T）ACGTCA-3`DNA同源序列（6，11）。它含亮氨酸拉链结构而形成同聚双体，相关的基本结构域和c-JunDNA结合结构域同源。当用HeLa细胞核抽提物时，能和CREB同源序列形成一个复合物。4．NF-kB：NF-kB最初被鉴定为在B细胞中和免疫球蛋白k轻链的增强子结合。但随后在非B-细胞的细胞质中被发现，形成NF-kB和IkB的复合物。最初在DNA结合蛋白复合物中分离的NF-kB是由p65(RelA)和p50构成的异源双聚体。其他分离的单体包括p49（也可称为p52），p75（c-Rel）,p68(RelB)。p65，p68，p75单体起反式激活作用。p50，p49（p52）单体具有DNA结合活力，但只具有微量的反式激活作用。据报道p49和NF-kB的单体p65形成具有转录活力的异源双体，类似于p50/ p65异源双体。p49/ p65和p50/ p65异源双体在细胞质中受一种叫IkBa/MAD-3的抑制剂调节。IkB和p65单体结合，阻制了细胞核中的定位和DNA的结合。在体外高浓度的p65能形成同源双聚体，能和DNA微弱地结合。Poly(dI:dC)能抑制这一反应（14）。p49和p50也能形成同源双聚体，但在细胞中的浓度很低。通常，在作NF-kB的凝胶迁移实验时，在20ul的反应体积中，有溶于10 mM HEPES的0.28pmoles 的NF-kB9寡核苷酸（pH7.9), 50mMKCl, 0.2mMEDTA, 2.5mM DTT, 10%甘油, 0.05%NP-40。当用纯化的蛋白时，250-300ng足以形成凝胶迁移复合物，而需用10ug的HeLa细胞核抽提物。凝胶迁移复合物在室温中保温30分钟，在50mMTris(pH8.3)和38mM甘氨酸的7%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中分离凝胶迁移复合物。含考马斯兰和二甲苯蓝色素的加样溶液只能加入到阴性对照反应中，因这两种色素会加剧NF-kB复合物的解离。当用HeLa细胞核抽提物作为结合蛋白来源时，可形成两种序列特异的凝胶迁移复合物，即p50/p50同源双聚体和p50/ p65异源双聚体。在表达p49，p50，p65的细胞中，可检测到4个序列特异的凝胶迁移复合物（p49/ p49，p50/ p50，p50/ p65，p49/ p65），如果存在高浓度的p65，可检测到微量的p65/p65。下列试剂可加强NF-kB在体外的结合：mM的GTP，ATP，精胺，亚精胺，钡或钙离子，ng的Co+3(NH3)6（12）。5．OCT1：OCT1是OCT转录调节因子家簇中的一员，显然在哺乳细胞中存在比较广泛（5）。POU结构域包括POU-box和Homeo结构域。当用HeLa细胞核抽提物时，可检测到一个与OCT1同源探针形成的序列同源凝胶迁移复合物。6．SP1：SP1是一个O-糖基化的转录调节因子，它识别10个核苷酸长度的同源序列5`-GGGGCGGGGC-3`（1）。核心识别序列是5`-GGGGCGGG-3`。同核心序列相似的序列常存在于启动子中。SV40的早期启动子就是一个例子，它是第一个可以结合SP1的启动子。根据糖基化的不同，它的分子量在95-105kDa，DNA结合结构域中的三个锌指纹决定了序列的特异性。HeLa细胞核抽提物与SP1同源探针形成特异的凝胶迁移复合物。7．TFIID/TFIIB：TFIID和TFIIB是基本的转录调节因子，参与RNA聚合酶II启动子的基本的转录（16）。TFIID与真核启动子的TATA区域形成特异的DNA结合。TFIID由几个蛋白组成，而其中的TATA区域结合蛋白（TBP），参与TATA序列的结合。TFIID的其他的蛋白组分被称为TBP-相关因子（TAFs）。用TFIID探针寡核苷酸和HeLa细胞核抽提物，可得到一个微弱的凝胶迁移带，但很难确定为是TFIID序列特异凝胶迁移复合物。纯化的重组的TBP很难作凝胶迁移实验，这部分是由于TBP存在很强的正电荷，导致TBP/DNA复合物很难进入凝胶。纯化的TBP形成二聚体后不能结合DNA（17）。因此形成的二聚体可参与DNA结合。TFIIB不单独与DNA结合，但与TFIID结合后增强它与DNA的结合。TFIIB与预启动复合物结合后，致使RNA聚合酶II和TFIIF结合到转录启始区。故TFIIB在预启动复合物的形成中有重要作用。当用纯化的TFIID作凝胶迁移实验时，poly(dI-dC)不用加入结合反应中。结合缓冲液含10%甘油，20mMTris(pH8.0), 10mMMgCl2, 2mMDTT, 89mMKCl。对TFIID的凝胶结合实验中，可加入poly（dG:dC）?dG:dC。形成的复合物在非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中分离，凝胶组分是：0.5′TBE, 6%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(19:1丙烯酰胺:双叉),4mMMgCl2, 0.02%NP-40, 电泳缓冲液组分是：0.5′TBE，4mMMgCl2, 0.02%NP-40。当研究含TFIID和TFIIB的复合物时，应从结合缓冲液，凝胶，和电泳缓冲液中去除MgCl2。这些是一般的要求，用不同的细胞抽提物和TFIID、TFIIB形成复合物作凝胶迁移实验时，应对多种因素进行优化以达到理想的条件。8)在一次凝胶迁移实验中，用多少量的蛋白质或抽提物，和标记的DNA探针？对每一个特定的结合蛋白和探针，所用的纯化蛋白，部分纯化蛋白，粗制核抽提液需作优化，一般所用纯化蛋白的量在20-2000ng间，可将蛋白：DNA的等摩尔比调整为蛋白的摩尔数是DNA的5倍。用粗制核抽提液，需要1-20ug蛋白形成特异的复合物。所加入反应的探针的量是50，000-200，000cpm32P-标记的探针（高特异活性），反应体积为1-5ul。这相当于10-50fmoles的DNA探针。探针应保存在-20oC以防止降解，在合成或标记后1-2个星期内必需使用。无论探针或是结合蛋白应避免多次冻融。9)能用体外翻译法制备目的蛋白质吗？Promega没对所有的转录调节因子作这类测试。一般，用麦胚抽提物作哺乳细胞转录因子或DNA结合蛋白的体外翻译，兔网织红细胞溶裂解液可能含有内源哺乳细胞转录因子或DNA结合蛋白。但TNT？/sup>兔网织细胞溶解液系统（a,b,c,d）与TranscendTM 生物素标记的tRNA(目录号E3201)一同使用，翻译了转录调节因子AP1（c-Jun），它使AP1同源寡核苷酸（目录号E3201）产生的迁移效果和重组的AP1相同（18）。TNT？/sup>T7偶联的麦胚抽提物（b,c,d,e）在体外翻译了c-Rel。这一蛋白特异地使免疫球蛋白k轻链增强子探针产生迁移。在c-Rel结合反应中加入体外翻译的MAD-3（IkB家簇中一员）可干扰其相互作用。10)poly(dI:dC)?dI:dC)，非特异性竞争DNA，特异性竞争DNA的功能是什么？它由肌苷和胞嘧啶组成。由于其特定的结构，可抑制蛋白对标记探针的非特异结合，避免假复合物。 在凝胶迁移反应中加入poly(dI:dC)?dI:dC)，可抑制粗制核抽提液中其它DNA结合蛋白结合，比如转录调节因子的非特异结合。当用纯化的蛋白作凝胶迁移反应时，不必一定加入poly(dI:dC)?dI:dC)，如加入，则普通反应中所用终浓度不超过50-100ng。对核抽提液，每2-3ug核抽提液用1 ug poly(dI:dC)?dI:dC)。为确定所形成的复合物的特异性，在含或不含增量的非放射性的特异竞争DNA或非特异的竞争DNA时，作结合反应的竞争实验。一般，非放射性的特异DNA是非标记的DNA探针，非特异的竞争DNA ，长度组成和DNA探针相同，序列不同。用非放射性的特异DNA能竞争掉，而用非特异的竞争DNA不能竞争掉的复合物，表明目的蛋白和同位素标记探针的特异结合。非特异结合能用特异DNA和非特异的竞争DNA竞争掉。结合溶液中的poly(dI:dC)?dI:dC)的量需作优化，但一般用0.05mg/ml。非放射性的（特异或非特异）的竞争DNA的用量也需优化或滴定，但竞争DNA通常是同位素标记的探针的10-1000倍（w/w）。其他类型的竞争DNA如小牛胸腺DNA不能用于凝胶迁移反应，它们会带有目的蛋白的结合位点。11)用什么凝胶条件将蛋白质/探针复合物和游离的探针分离开？将结合蛋白或粗制核抽提液和目的探针结合，蛋白/探针复合物和游离探针可在非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中经电泳分离。聚丙烯酰胺的浓度一般为6%（30：1丙烯酰胺：双叉），在特定条件下可用高或低的浓度。PH, 聚丙烯酰胺的浓度, 丙烯酰胺：双叉丙烯酰胺的比会影响复合物在凝胶中的迁移。大多数蛋白用10-15伏的电压，解离快的蛋白用短时间和高的电压（30-35伏的电压），电泳时所用的TBE和TAE必需是新配制的，无沉淀。低的离子强度和丙烯酰胺基质的`箱子效果`有助于复合物的稳定。也可将TGE缓冲液（12.5mMTris,pH8.3, 95mM甘氨酸，0.5mMEDTA）用于不稳定的蛋白/DNA复合物。可在4oC进行结合和电泳实验以阻止不稳定复合物和探针的解离。加样样品液中的色素会导致不稳定复合物的解离，应用不含考马斯兰和二甲苯蓝的加样样品液。当带型不紧密出现拖尾时，表明复合物存在解离。凝胶必需完全聚合，以避免带型拖尾。如复合物不进入凝胶则表明所用的蛋白或探针过量，或盐的浓度过量不适用于这一反应。在含抽提液的带中不含游离探针或复合物，但只含探针的带中有探针表明抽提物有核酸或磷酸酶污染，应在抽提液中和结合反应中加入相应的抑制剂。目前可用高强度琼脂糖凝胶分离蛋白/探针复合物（Metaphor?/sup/agarose）。12)如何在一个特定的复合物中确定一个蛋白质的存在？部分纯化的蛋白或粗制核抽提液和一个特定的探针可形成一个或几个特异的蛋白复合物。多个复合物的存在表明蛋白降解，应在制备抽提液的溶液中和结合反应中加入蛋白酶抑制剂。确定复合物中蛋白的特征可能会困难，但有一些方法作这方面的研究。如有目的蛋白的抗体，可进行超迁移实验，抗体和蛋白/探针复合物中的蛋白结合，使复合物的迁移延迟，形成超迁移。增量的抗体加入到结合反应中。抗体可加入到蛋白和探针反应后，也可将抽提物与抗体结合后，再加入探针。取决于抗体的特定的抗原决定簇，前者有利于超迁移复合物地形成，后者阻止复合物的形成导致原复合物的强度的减少。在大多数实验中，应对抗体作滴定，先使抗体：蛋白的摩尔比为1：1，然后应需要增加抗体的量。当有纯化的蛋白时，可用它们和实验的带型迁移复合物比较。除超迁移实验外，复合物中蛋白的特征也可用UV交联和标记转移来分析。在均质标记的探针和细胞核抽提物保温后，用UV照射使复合物交联，随后用DNA酶降解未保护的探针。需用均质标记的探针，因DNA酶会从末端标记的探针中除去标记。和保护的几个核苷酸交联的蛋白在变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中经电泳分离，干燥，放射自显影。结合蛋白的分子量可和标准分子参照物比较。也可用目的蛋白的抗体对复合物作Western印迹分析（20）。如一个蛋白和DNA探针的特定序列结合，可用含保守结合序列的竞争寡核苷酸，以及突变体来确定它的特征。也可用定点突变将保守序列结合位点改变来研究复合物的形成。参考资料1. Briggs M R et al 1986 Science 234, 472. Lee W et al 1986 Cell 49, 7413. Williams T et al 1989 Genes Dev 2, 15574. Sen R and Baltimore D 1986 Cell 46, 7055. Parlsow T G et al 1984 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81, 26506. Montminy M R et al 1986 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83, 66827. Angel P et al 1987 Cell 49, 7298. Chiu R et al 1988 Cell 54, 5419. Rauscher F J et al 1988 Cell 52,47110. Imagawa M et al 1987 Cell 51, 25111. Berkowitz L A and Gilman M Z 1990 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87, 525812. Baeuerle P A 1991 Biochim Biophys Acta 1071, 6313. Duckett C S et al 1993 Mol Cell Biol 13, 131514. Urban M B et al 1991 EMBO J 10(7), 181715. Dynan W S and Tjian R 1983 Cell 35, 7916. Peterson M G et al 1990 Science 248, 165217. Coleman R A et al 1995 J Biol Chem 270, 1384218. Beckler G and Hurst

变频器工作原理:主电路是给异步电动机提供调压调频电源的电力变换部分，变频器的主电路大体上可分为两类:电压型是将电压源的直流变换为交流的变频器，直流回路的滤波是电容。电流型是将电流源的直流变换为交流的变频器，其直流回路滤波是电感。 它由三部分构成，将工频电源变换为直流功率的“整流器”，吸收在变流器和逆变器产生的电压脉动的“平波回路”，以及将直流功率变换为交流功率的“逆变器”。整流器:　　最近大量使用的是二极管的变流器，它把工频电源变换为直流电源。也可用两组晶体管变流器构成可逆变流器，由于其功率方向可逆，可以进行再生运转。平波回路:　　在整流器整流后的直流电压中，含有电源6倍频率的脉动电压，此外逆变器产生的脉动电流也使直流电压变动。为了抑制电压波动，采用电感和电容吸收脉动电压（电流）。装置容量小时，如果电源和主电路构成器件有余量，可以省去电感采用简单的平波回路。逆变器:　　同整流器相反，逆变器是将直流功率变换为所要求频率的交流功率，以所确定的时间使6个开关器件导通、关断就可以得到3相交流输出。以电压型pwm逆变器为例示出开关时间和电压波形。 　　控制电路是给异步电动机供电（电压、频率可调）的主电路提供控制信号的回路，它有频率、电压的“运算电路”，主电路的“电压、电流检测电路”，电动机的“速度检测电路”，将运算电路的控制信号进行放大的“驱动电路”，以及逆变器和电动机的“保护电路”组成。 　　1）运算电路：将外部的速度、转矩等指令同检测电路的电流、电压信号进行比较运算，决定逆变器的输出电压、频率。 　　（2）电压、电流检测电路：与主回路电位隔离检测电压、电流等。 　　（3）驱动电路：驱动主电路器件的电路。它与控制电路隔离使主电路器件导通、关断。 　　（4）速度检测电路:以装在异步电动机轴机上的速度检测器(tg、plg等)的信号为速度信号，送入运算回路，根据指令和运算可使电动机按指令速度运转。 　　（5）保护电路:检测主电路的电压、电流等，当发生过载或过电压等异常时，为了防止逆变器和异步电动机损坏，使逆变器停止工作或抑制电压、电流值。数控机床上的变频器的作用:用于主轴的无极调速. 有CNC给出模拟电压(0----+10V),控制变频器的输出频率.从而改变主轴电机的转速,通过传动机构(皮带或齿轮)传到主轴,而改变主轴的速度(转速)

McLaren Mecederz

A、水路系统：进水接头、进水阀（水阀体/水流量传感器）、热交换器、出水阀、安全阀、稳流组件；B、气路系统：进气接头、气控系统（调节阀/比例阀）、分段阀（手动/自动）、电磁阀等；C、燃烧系统：燃烧器、燃烧室等；D、排烟系统：强排风机、集烟罩、排烟管等；E、电控系统：主控板、显示板、线路、变压器等；F、点火系统：脉冲点火器、点火针、反馈针等；G、安全系统：安全阀、过热温控器、防熄火保护装置、防干烧装置、防倒风装置、风压开关，万和最多可达52项安全保护装置；H、壳体：底壳、面壳。

凝胶迁移或电泳迁移率实验（EMSA）是一种研究DNA结合蛋白和其相关的DNA结合序列相互作用的技术，可用于定性和定量分析。这一技术最初用于研究DNA结合蛋白，目前已用于研究RNA结合蛋白和特定的RNA序列的相互作用。 通常将纯化的蛋白和细胞粗提液和32P同位素标记的DNA或RNA探针一同保温，在非变性的聚丙烯凝胶电泳上，分离复合物和非结合的探针。DNA-复合物或RNA-复合物比非结合的探针移动得慢。同位素标记的探针依研究的结合蛋白的不同，可是双链或者是单链。当检测如转录调控因子一类的DNA结合蛋白，可用纯化蛋白，部分纯化蛋白，或核细胞抽提液。在检测RNA结合蛋白时，依据目的RNA结合蛋白的位置，可用纯化或部分纯化的蛋白，也可用核或胞质细胞抽提液。竞争实验中采用含蛋白结合序列的DNA或RNA片段和寡核苷酸片段（特异），和其它非相关的片段（非特异），来确定DNA或RNA结合蛋白的特异性。在竞争的特异和非特异片段的存在下，依据复合物的特点和强度来确定特异结合。