高考英语写作中常见19种修辞手法详解

allegory[英][ˈæləgəri][美][ˈæləgɔ:ri]n.寓言; The new york observer called it a "brilliant allegory of new york city living."《纽约观察家报》（The New York Observer）称它是“对纽约都市生活最精彩的隐喻”。

自己翻字典,再看看列句不就行了

Symbol 象征sth. that represents sth. elsea person, object, or event that suggests more that its literal meaningnot hiddencannot be restricted to a single meaningsuggestive rather than definitiveliterary symbolstraditional, conventional, or public meanings,may be established internally by the total context of the work in which it appearscan be a setting,character,action,object,name,or anything else in a work that maintains its literal significance while suggesting other meaningsConventional symbols: symbols that are widely recognized by a society or culture. They"re used to reinforce meanings by writers.How to do with symbols?Keeping track of the total context of the story → decide whether the reading is reasonable and consistent with the other factsbe sensitive to the meanings that the author associates with people,places,objects & actions → a close reading of the story will allow us to see how & why the author constructs the symbolic meaning that way.Allegory 寓言a character, object, or incident which indicates a single, fixed meaningthe primary focus is on the abstract idea called forth by the concrete objectdefinitive rather than suggestiveMost modern writers prefer the exploratory nature of symbols to the reductive nature of pure allegory.

allegory n. 寓意；寓言； amatory a. 恋爱的,情人的； ambulatory adj. 步行的; 移步用的； accessory n.同谋 a.附属的； anticipatory adj.预期的，等。 扩展资料 　　例句： 　　It is also an allegory. 　　同时也是寓言。 　　What did you learn from this allegory? 　　你从这个寓言里学到了什么？ 　　The film is an iconoclastic allegory. 　　电影是一个关于破坏的寓言。 　　Within amatory range, can I also be kind with you? 　　在爱情的"范围内，我也可以对你好吗?。 　　He likes to write amatory poem to the lady he loves. 　　他喜欢给自己所爱的女孩写情诗。 　　Amatory condition is to arrive at me only soon in you. 　　爱情的条件是只在你眼看到我。 　　Are there advantages to performing surgery on an ambulatory basis? 　　在门诊手术的优点在哪里？ 　　To leg bag when ambulatory. To larger bedside drainage bag at night. 　　移动时使用附腿尿袋夜间使用大号引流袋。 　　Should an internist evaluate each patient before ambulatory surgery? 　　每个门诊手术病人都要进行内科医师评估吗？ 　　It is an accessory that is begging to be built. 　　这是个乞求被建立的附件。 　　An elegant watch, for instance, is a great accessory. 　　比如一块很上档次的表就是件不错的饰物。 　　B: Elize and I are planning to run an accessory shop. 　　依莉莎与我计划开设一间饰物店。 　　I"ll just talk about one of them, anticipatory assimilation. 　　这里我只说其中的一种﹕先行同化。 　　During that time I was diagnosed with anticipatory anxiety disorder. 　　就在那个时候，我被诊断出患有预想性焦虑失调症。 　　During this time I was diagnosed with anticipatory anxiety disorder. 　　就在那个时候，我被诊断出患有预想性焦虑失调症。

寓言英文：able; allegory; parable。用假托的故事或者自然物的拟人手法，来说明某个道理或教训的文学作品，常带有讽刺和劝诫的作用。我国古代的寓言，起源于劳动人民的口头创作。“寓言”一词最早见于《庄子》，具有用故事来帮助说理文体元素。《揠苗助长》、《自相矛盾》、《守株待兔》、《刻舟求剑》等都是出自先秦散文。《伊索寓言》是外国文学中早期寓言的代表作，大部分是拟人化的动物寓言，少部分是以普通人或神为主人公。基本解释：(1) 有所隐含的语言。(2) 文学作品的一种体裁。常带有讽刺或劝戒的性质,用假托的故事或拟人手法说明某个道理或教训。引证解释：1.有所寄托的话。《庄子·寓言》：“寓言十九，重言十七，巵言日出，和以天倪。” 陆德明 释文：“寓，寄也。以人不信己，故托之他人，十言而九见信也。”2.指托辞以寓意。 宋 王谠 《唐语林·补遗一》：“ 元祐 献诗十首，其词猥陋，皆寓言嬖幸，而意及兵戍。” 明 王琼 《双溪杂记》：“后世山林隐逸之士有所纪述，若无统理，然即事寓言，亦足以广见闻而资智识。”3.文学作品的一种体裁。用假托的故事或自然物的拟人手法说明某个道理，常带有劝戒、教育的性质。如我国古代诸子百家著作中的寓言、古 希腊 《伊索寓言》等。

把什么比作什么，突出体现了什么

迎朝阳  沐雨露 顶塞风  冒飞雪  攀高峰  渡长江 邀明月 品花香 踏溪水 望南海与披星戴月相近的成语有：风尘仆仆日夜兼程“戴月光“来源：早起勤耕作，归来戴月光意思：勤劳，早出晚归，形容农民披星戴月意思：身披星星，头戴月亮。形容连夜奔波或早出晚归，十分辛苦。“戴月光“这样的词语有比喻的修辞手法：比喻是一种常用的修辞手法，用跟甲事物有相似之点的乙事物来描写或说明甲事物，是修辞学的辞格之一。也叫“譬喻”、“打比方”，中国古代称为“比”、或者“譬（辟）。著名文学理论家乔纳森·卡勒为比喻下的定义：比喻是认知的一种基本方式，通过把一种事物看成另一种事物而认识了它。也就是说找到甲事物和乙事物的共同点，发现甲事物暗含在乙事物身上不为人所熟知的特征，而对甲事物有一个不同于往常的重新的认识。依据描写或说明的方式比喻可分为“明喻（直喻）”、“暗喻（隐喻）”、“类喻”、“借喻”、“对喻”、‘博喻”、"简喻”、“详喻”、‘引喻”、“虚喻”。基本解释：[allegory; comparison; metaphor; figure of speech] 一种修辞方式,即打比方,用某些有类似特点的事物来比拟想要说的某一事物。[1] 是用本质不同而又有相似点的事物描绘事物或说明道理的辞格，也叫“譬喻”。通俗的说，比喻句就是打比方，就是根据联想，抓住不同事物的相似之处，用浅显、具体、生动的事物来代替抽象、难理解的事物。即所谓“举也(他)物而以明之也”。引证解释修辞学上的辞格之一。即以甲事物来比拟乙事物。它在形式上，具有本体、喻体和比喻词三个成分。因这三个成分的异同和隐现，比喻可分为明喻、隐喻（暗喻）和借喻三类。[1] 比喻是根据事物之间的相似点（思想的对象同另外的事物有了类似点），把某一事物比作另一事物（用另外的事物来比拟这思想的对象，即用某一个事物或情境来比另一个事物或情境），把抽象的事物变得具体，把深奥的道理变得浅显。出处比喻的名称最早见于《诗经.大雅.抑》[2]  其中有“取譬不远，昊天不忒”的诗句。春秋战国，诸子百家开始对比喻进行研究。到梁代，刘勰的《文心雕龙》有专篇对比喻进行全面、精辟的论述。到了明、清，出现了明代徐元太的《喻林》、清代吕佩芬的《经言明喻编》等编汇比喻现象的专书，使比喻的研究得到进一步的发展。结构构成比喻内容上有三个要素：一是思想的对象，即本意；二是另外的事物，喻意；三是两事物的类似点，（共同处和相似处）。文辞上分为三个成份，即：本体 (被比喻的事物或情境)、喻词 (表示比喻关系的词语)、喻体 (打比方的事物或情境)。有的辞书又将其构成增释到四个成份，即：本体、喻体、喻词和喻解。基本以3部分为主。作用1、用比喻来对某某事物的特征进行描绘和渲染。可使事物生动形象具体可感，以此引发读者联想和想象，给人以鲜明深刻的印象，并使语言文采斐然，富有很强的感染力。使语言生动形象，还可以使深刻的、抽象的道理浅显、具体地表达出来。2、进行说明或讲道理时，不叫“比喻”，而叫“打比方”。用浅显易见的事物对深奥 的道理加以描述，化抽象为具体，化繁为简，帮助人们深入的理解。并使语言生动形象，富有文采。使用比喻手法时 要注意：⒈ 本体和喻体必须是性质不同的两类事物；⒉ 本体和喻体之间必须有相似点。另外，所使用的喻体要常见、易懂；比喻要贴切；要注意思想感情。区别比拟是喻体和喻词都不出现，但是保留喻体的特征，让它直接加在本体上。使本体具有了人或物的某种特征或情态：从形式上来看是——本体N（名词）+V（动词）或adj（形容词） ；而比喻的形式一定是——本体N（名词）+比喻词+喻体N(名词)。注：借喻不出现本体和比喻词实际上是可以还原成明喻的，实质相同。形式比喻按三个部分的异同和隐现来看，其基本类型有三种：明喻、暗喻、借喻；除此三种基本类型之外，根据比喻的三个部分的结合情况，其变化形式有：博喻、倒喻、反喻、缩喻、扩喻、较喻、回喻、互喻、曲喻。明喻本体、喻词和喻体同时出现。常用的喻词有：像、好像、好似、如、有如、如同、恰似、仿佛......例子：他（本体）动也不动，彷如（喻词）石像（喻体）。叶子（本体）出水很高，像（喻词）亭亭的舞女的裙（喻体）。（朱自清《荷塘月色》）隐喻（又称暗喻）本体、喻体同时出现，但用「是」、「成」、「成为」、「变为」等系词代替「像」一类的喻词。例子：母亲啊！你 （本体）是 荷叶（喻体）， 我（本体） 是 红莲（喻体）。(冰心《荷叶母亲》）霎时间，东西长安街（本体）成了喧腾的大海（喻体）。（袁鹰《十月长安街》借喻（也可称隐喻）应当注意不要与现在所说的隐喻（即暗喻）相混淆。借喻是比喻中的高级形式，运用它时要求本体与喻体的关系十分密切，所以在特定的语境中，由喻体就可以直接领会到本体。例子：我似乎打了一个寒噤；我就知道，我们之间已经隔了一层可悲的厚障壁（喻体）了，我再也说不出话。（鲁迅《故乡》）端州石工巧如神，踏天磨刀割紫云（喻体）。（李贺《杨生青花紫石砚歌》）回喻又名互喻，是一种先用喻体作本体，再用本体作喻体，互相设喻的比喻形式。它曲折有致，能够加强艺术感染力。例：远远的街灯明了，/好像闪着无数的明星。/天上的明星现了，/好像点着无数的街灯。（郭沫若《天上的街市》）扩喻本体和喻体都是短句，它们常常组成平行句式，有的本体在前，有的本体在后，不用喻词，但其比喻的含义却很明朗，这种比喻的扩大形式叫做扩喻，又叫类比。例1：人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，此事古难全。——苏轼《水调歌头》。例2、一朵花，我们不大觉得它香，但是从许多花朵提炼成的香精，只要一滴，我们就感到它的浓郁了。许多诗歌、戏剧、小说，所以有强烈感人之处，和作者正确地把素材表现出来不是关系极大么！（秦牧《北京花房》）较喻较喻的句子有下列几种情况：1、您说，这比山高比海深的情谊，我们怎么会忘记？——作者把中朝人民鲜血凝成的情谊比作高山和大海，然而在相似点“高”和“深”上本体“情谊”又超过了喻体“山”和“海”，形象地表达了志愿军战士对朝鲜大娘感激、崇敬和依依不舍的心情。你这种用“比……还……”、“赛过”、“胜过”等词连接，表示本体在相似点上超过喻体的较喻，也可称为“强喻”，强喻一般带有褒义色彩。2、我的生活没指望了，连狗都不如!——作者将狗的境况作为喻体，与凡卡的遭遇比较，相比之下，本体“我的生活”还不如狗的境遇。这就强烈控诉了沙皇制度下的旧俄罗斯儿童的命运。像这种在相似点上比不上喻体的较喻，又可称为“弱喻”。弱喻多数带有贬义色彩。3、桃花潭水深千尺，不及汪伦送我情。——这个句子用的喻词是“不及”，形式上看似为弱喻，但从意志上分析，诗人是用“桃花潭水”与汪伦之“情”相比，本体“情”在相似点“深”上超过了“桃花潭水”，因此也是强喻。4、为人民利益而死，就比泰山还重；替法西斯卖力，替剥削人民和压迫人民的人去死，就比鸿毛还轻。——这是在一句话中，从正反两个方面交替使用强喻和弱喻的例子。作者先以“泰山”为喻体，从正面极言“人民利益而死”的意义比“泰山”还重；又从反面用“鸿毛”设喻：替法西斯卖力，替剥削人民和压迫人民的人卖力，就比“鸿毛”还轻。两相对照，全面深刻地阐明了为人民服务应该具备的生死观。缩喻是比喻修辞的一种，本体和喻体都出现，但不出现比喻词，本体与喻体极其紧密地连在一起的比喻形式叫缩喻。可分为：1．并列式缩喻。即本体与喻体在结构形式上是并列关系。如：“弯弯的月儿小小的船。”本体是“弯弯的月儿”，喻体是“小小的船”，中间没有喻词，二者构成复指短语。2．偏正式缩喻。即本体与喻体组成偏正关系的名词短语，形式上是修饰与被修饰的关系。如“黄金季节”就是两个名词直接连在一起，前者修饰后者，而修饰语是比喻性质的，只是没有用“像、似的”之类的比喻词罢了。缩喻语言简练，结构紧凑，生动形象，是古汉语的宝贵遗产。博喻极光有时出现时间极短，犹如节日的焰火在空中闪现一下就消失得无影无踪；有时却可以在苍穹之中辉映几个小时；有时像一条彩带，有时像一团火焰，有时像一张五光十色的巨大银幕；有的色彩纷纭，变幻无穷；有的仅呈银白色，犹如棉絮、白云，凝固不变；有的异常光亮、掩去星月的光辉；有的又十分清淡，恍若一束青丝；有的结构单一，状如一弯弧光，呈现淡绿、微红的色调；有的犹如彩绸或缎带抛向天空，上下飞舞、翻动；有的软如纱巾，随风飘动，呈现出紫色、深红的色彩；有时极光出现在地平线上，犹如晨光曙色；有时极光如山茶吐艳，一片火红；有时极光密聚一起，犹如窗帘慢帐；有时它又射出许多光束，宛如孔雀开屏，蝶翼飞舞。（「极光」是本体，「彩带」「火焰」「银幕」「青丝」等都是它的喻体，属于一个本体可以带多个喻体的类型。）隐喻是引用一种事物来比喻另一事物，本体、喻体都出现，但把喻体作为“引子”而不用喻词的一种比喻。它经常构成排比、对偶等平行的句式，整齐而富有节奏感。民歌、新诗（包括歌词）常采用这种隐喻。其表现形式是“引乙喻甲”或“以甲引乙”。例如：射箭要看靶子，弹琴要看听众，写文章做演说倒可以不看读者不看听众么？（《反对党八股》）该例作者引用射箭、弹琴等事情，通俗浅显的道理，深刻阐明了写文章做演说一定要看对象的道理。隐喻这种比喻方法，有人把它归为明喻，说是省略了喻词，有人又把它归为暗喻。但细细分析，隐喻却有不同于明喻、暗喻的特点，宜单独列为一列。约喻是用一个比喻体来比喻几个本体的修辞格。它与博喻是比喻修辞中互相对应的两种表现方式。博喻的功能在于揭示一个事物的多方面特征；约喻的功能在于突出一组事物的共同特征，能使行文简洁，给人留下深刻的印象。例如：1.这是梅花，有红梅、白梅、绿梅，还有朱砂梅，一树一树的，每一树梅花都是一树诗。（《茶花赋》）2.岸边的渔火，江心的灯标，接连地亮起来；连同它们在水面映出的红色光晕，使长江像是眨着眼睛，沉沉欲睡。（《三峡之秋》）例1把“红梅、白梅、绿梅、朱砂梅”，每一种梅都比做“一树诗”，四个本体用一个喻体设喻，集中的描绘了诗情画意的境界。例2把“渔火”、“灯标”和它们映在水面的“光晕”一并喻为长江眨着眼睛，突出地渲染了夜晚长江上安谧、宁静的气氛。

英语中有20种常见的修辞手法。1、Simile明喻。明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比，这种共性存在于人们的心里，而不是事物的自然属性。标志词常用：like，as，seem，as if，as though，similar to，such as等。2、metaphor隐喻，暗喻。隐喻是简缩了的明喻，是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物，通过比较形成。3、metonymy借喻，转喻。借喻不直接说出所要说的事物，而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。4、synecdoche提喻。提喻用部分代替全体，或用全体代替部分，或特殊代替一般。5、synesthesia通感、联觉、移觉。这种修辞法是以视、听、触、嗅、味等感觉直接描写事物。6、personification拟人。拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物。7、hyperbole夸张。夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的。它可以加强语势，增加表达效果。8、rhetorical repetition叠言。这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中，将相同的结构，相同意义词组成句子重叠使用，以增强语气和力量。9、euphemism委婉,婉辞法。婉辞法指用委婉、文雅的方法表达粗恶、避讳的话。10、allegory讽喻、比方。这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法，意为“换个方式的说法”。它是一种形象的描述，具有双重性，表层含义与真正意味的是两回事。11、irony反语。反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式。如在指责过失、错误时、用赞同过失的说法；而在表扬时，则近乎责难的说法。12、pun双关。双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义、借题发挥、作出多种解释、旁敲侧击从而达到意想不到的幽默、滑稽效果。它主要以相似的词形、词意和谐音的方式出现。13、parody仿拟。这是一种模仿名言、警句、谚语，改动其中部分词语从而使其产生新意的修辞。14、rhetorical question修辞疑问。它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的，而是以疑问为手段，取得修辞上的效果。其特点是：肯定问句表示强烈否定，而否定问句表示强烈的肯定。它的答案往往是不言而喻的。15、antithesis对照、对比、对偶。这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法。16、paradox隽语。这是一种貌似矛盾，但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法，是一种矛盾修辞法。17、oxymoron反意法、逆喻。这也是一种矛盾修辞法，用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物，以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义。往往这样的句子写出来具有很震撼的效果。18、climax渐进法，层进法。这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小、轻重、深浅、高低等逐层渐进，达到顶点。可以增强语势，逐渐加深读者印象。19、anticlimax渐降法。与climax相反的一种修辞法，将一系列词语由大到小、由强到弱地排列。20、alliteration押头韵。头韵是英语语音修辞手段之一，它蕴含了语言的音乐美和整齐美，使得语言声情交融、音义一体，具有很强的表现力和感染力。运用修辞手法的好处：修辞手法是为提高表达效果，用于各种文章或应用文，在语言写作时表达方法的集合。通过修饰、调整语句，运用特定的表达形式，来提高语言表达作用。

Allegory communicates its message by symbolic representation. Allegory is treated as a figure of rhetoric, but an allegory doesn"t have to be expressed in language, and is often found in painting, sculpture or representative art.A symbol is something such as an object, picture, written word, sound, or particular mark that represents something else by association, resemblance, or convention.allegory starts by examining abstract ideas in a context that has a fixed one-to-one correspondence between the symbols and something in reality. It"s usually more than that, though. An allegory isn"t just a correspondence of subjects—​it"s a correspondence of the way those subjects interact, a complete system of congruities. Allegory retells the story of real things in a new context, exploring the implications of what they are. 比较长,但是都是我有的资料,你试着理解以下就OK了~

专八人文知识之英国文学 　　引导语：下面是应届毕业生培训网整理而成的，关于专八考试人文知识的文章，谢谢您的阅读 　　一、 古英语时期的英国文学(499-1066) 　　1、 贝奥武夫 Beowulf (公元八世纪)：是迄今为止发现的英国盎格鲁—撒克逊时期最古老、最长的一部较完整的文学作品，也是欧洲最早的方言史诗。 　　2、 阿尔弗雷德大帝 Alfred the Great ：英国散文之父Father of English Prose 　　二、 中古英语时期的英国文学 　　1、暗讽体allegory非常盛行：这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事. 　　2、Romance 开始上升到一定的高度 　　3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士Sir Gawain and the Green Knight：反映了骑士制度chivalry的理想，是中世纪封建贵族文化的精髓。 　　4、威廉·兰格伦 Willian Langlaud ： 著有《农夫皮尔斯的幻象》Piers Plowman 　　5、 乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer：坎特伯雷故事集(英雄双韵体) The Canterbury Tales 。在英国文学史上，他是第一个使用十音节“双韵体”的诗人，这个诗体后来在他首创下，演化成了“英雄双韵体”，“英雄双韵体”为以后的英国诗人所广泛采用。他也因此被誉为“英国诗歌之父”Father of English poetry。 　　6、 托马斯.马洛礼 Sir Thomas Malory 《亚瑟王之死》The Death of King Arthur 　 　三、 文艺复兴时期的英国文学(伊丽莎白时代)(14-16世纪) 　　1、托马斯.莫尔 Sir Thomas More ：《乌托邦》Utopia 　　2、Thomas Wyatt 托马斯·怀特和 Henry Howard亨利·霍华德把十四行诗sonnet引入英国 　　3、菲利普·锡德尼 Philips Sidney： 著有《诗辩》The defense of Poesie，这是伊丽莎白时代文学批评的最佳之作;《阿卡迪亚》Arcadia 描述田园生活，为现代长篇小说的先驱 　　4、斯宾塞 Edmund Spenser ：《仙后》The Faerie Queene。《仙后》是一部寓言性作品，表达人文主义道德理想，歌颂冒险精神和征服的快乐、对现实生活的热爱。《仙后》中创造的诗体被称为“斯宾塞诗节”Spenserian stanzas。 　　5、莎士比亚 William Shakespeare： 　　长篇叙事诗：《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》Venus and Adonis、《鲁克丽丝受辱记》The Rape of Lucrece 　　四大悲剧 Four Great Tragedies：哈姆雷特 Hamlet 、李尔王 King Lear、奥赛罗 Othello、麦克白 Macbeth 　　7、 本.琼森 Ben Jonson ： 《人性互异》 Every Man in His Humor，为风俗喜剧comedyof manners 　　8、 约翰.多恩 John Donne： “玄学派”metaphysical poetry诗歌创始人 　　9、乔治·赫伯特 George Herbert ：玄学派诗圣，著有《召唤》The Call 　　10、弗朗西斯·培根 Francis Bacon：现代科学modern science和唯物主义哲学prevailing philosophy创始人之一，著有《论说文集》 Essays，为英国发展史上的里程碑;另有《学术的推进》 The advancement of learning 和《新工具》The New Instrument 　 　四、 启蒙时期(18世纪) 　　1、 约翰·弥尔顿 John Milton：《失乐园》Paradise Lost、《为英国人民争辩》 　　2、 约翰·班扬 John Bunyan：《天路历程》Religiousallegory 　　3、 约翰·德莱顿 John Dryden：英国新古典主义British Neoclassicism的杰出代表、桂冠诗人;著有《论戏剧诗》Essay of Dramatick Poesie 　　4、 亚历山大.蒲柏 Alexander Pope：英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表;英雄双韵体(前方“乔叟”有提及)的使用达到登峰造极的使用;《田园诗集》Pastorals是其最早田园诗歌代表作 　　5、 托马斯·格雷 Thomas Gray：感伤主义 sentimentalism 中墓园诗派Graveyard School的代表人物 《墓园挽歌》Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 　　6、 威廉·布莱克 William Blake：《天真与经验之歌》 Songs of Innocence and Experience 　　7、 罗伯特·彭斯 Robert Burns：苏格兰最杰出的诗人，著有《一朵红红的玫瑰》A Red, Red Rose，《友谊地久天长》Auld Lang Syne 　　8、理查德·斯蒂尔 Richard Steel和约瑟夫·艾迪生 Joseph Addison合作创办《闲谈者》The tatler和《旁观者》The Spectator 　　9、丹尼尔·笛福Daniel Defoe： 英国现实主义小说British realistic novel 的奠基人之一;著有《鲁滨逊漂流记》The life and strange surprising adventures;《铲除非国教徒的捷径》The Shortest-Way with the Dissenters 　　10、乔纳森·斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift ：著有《格列佛游记》Gulliver"s Travels;《一个温和的建议》A Modest Proposal;Gulliver"s Travels;《桶的故事》ATale of A Tub; 　　11、塞缪尔·理查森 Samuel Richardson ：英国现代小说English modern novel 的创始人,著有《帕梅拉》 Pamela: Or, Virtue Rewarded ;《克拉丽莎》Clarissa orthe History of a Young Lady;查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵士的历史The History of Sir Charles Grandison 　　12、亨利·菲尔丁HenryFielding ：英国现实主义小说理论的奠基人the founder of the English realistic novel;著有《汤姆.琼斯》The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling，代表英国现实主义小说的最高成就;《约瑟夫·安德鲁传》The History of the Advertures of Joseph Andrews, And of his friend Mr. Abraham Adams。 菲尔丁和丹尼尔·笛福、塞缪尔·理查逊并称为英国现代小说的三大奠基人。 　　13、劳伦斯·斯特恩 Laurence Sterne：感伤主义小说sentimentalism的杰出代表，著有《项狄传》The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman，为第一部开创了意识流小说stream of consciousness的先驱之作品;《感伤的旅行》 A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy

最终他可以晚上看星星和月亮,直到最后他只能看太阳本身之后,他可以在太阳“可能他的原因”,它是什么他释放了囚犯会认为现实世界是优于世界他经历了在山洞里,“他会保佑自己的改变,遗憾”,想要把他的穴居人的洞穴和阳光返回囚犯的眼睛已经适应太阳的光,将盲人,当他进入山洞,就像他是当他第一次暴露于太阳。根据苏格拉底,囚犯会推断返回一个失明的洞穴的旅程了伤害他,他们不应该承担类似的旅程。苏格拉底认为囚犯,如果他们有能力,因此接触并杀死任何试图把他们拖出山洞什么是“寓言”?什么是好的备用thepassage标题吗?本文是一个扩展的隐喻。请登陆的隐喻什么?为什么这些囚犯杀任何人whotried带领他们走出洞穴吗?

讽喻，allegory

高考英语写作中常见的修辞手法 　　如果在英语考试当中，作文运用一些修辞手法，那么将会给你的英语作文带来更多的分数，下面内容由我为大家分享高考英语写作中常见的修辞手法，一起来看看吧！ 　　 1.Simile 明喻 　　明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 　　标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 　　例如: 　　1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 　　2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 　　3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 　　 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 　　隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 　　例如: 　　1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 　　2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 　　 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 　　借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. 　　I.以容器代替内容,例如: 　　1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 　　2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. 　　II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: 　　Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. 　　III.以作者代替作品,例如: 　　a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 　　VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: 　　I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 　　 4.Synecdoche 提喻 　　提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 　　例如: 　　1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 　　他的厂里约有100名工人. 　　2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 　　他是本世纪的牛顿. 　　3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分) 　　这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 　　 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 　　这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 　　通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏;闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体;听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。 　　例如: 　　1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.(用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花) 　　鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音. 　　2>.Taste the music of Mozart.(用嗅觉形容听觉) 　　品尝Mozart的音乐. 　　 6.Personification 拟人 　　拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物. 　　例如: 　　1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.(把夜拟人化) 　　2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.(把鸟拟人化) 　　 7.Hyperbole 夸张 　　夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果.. 　　例如: 　　1>.I beg a thousand pardons. 　　2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars. 　　3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out. 　　 8.Parallelism 排比, 平行 　　这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体. 　　例如: 　　1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy. 　　2>.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately. 　　 9.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法 　　婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话. 　　例如: 　　1>.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下. 　　2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽. 　　3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. (去世) 　　 10.Allegory 讽喻,比方(原意“寓言”) 　　建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。 　　英文解释：an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书 　　这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事. 　　例如: 　　1>.Make the hay while the sun shines. 　　表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草 　　真正意味：趁热打铁 　　2>.It"s time to turn plough into sword. 　　表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑 　　 11.Irony 反语 　　反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法. 　　例如: 　　1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning. 　　早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊(真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念) 　　2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar. 　　 12.Pun 双关 　　双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的`方式出现. 　　例如: 　　1>.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise. 　　2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country. 　　3>.If we don"t hang together, we shall hang separately. 　　 13.Parody 仿拟 　　这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞. 　　例如: 　　1>.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year. 　　2>.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided. 　　3>.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it. 　　 14.Rhetorical question 修辞疑问(反问) 　　它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的. 　　例如: 　　1>.How was it possible target=_blank class=infotextkey>possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note? 　　2>.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered? 　　 15.Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶 　　这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法. 　　例如: 　　1>.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore. 　　2>.You are staying; I am going. 　　3>.Give me liberty, or give me death. 　　 16.Paradox 隽语 　　这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法,是一种矛盾修辞法.. 　　例如: 　　1>.More haste, less speed.欲速则不达 　　2>.The child is the father to the man.(童年时代可决定人之未来)三岁看大，四岁看老。 　　 17.Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻 　　这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义. 　　例如: 　　1>.No light, but rather darkness visible.没有光亮，黑暗却清晰可见 　　2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome. 　　 18.Climax 渐进法,层进法 　　这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小.轻重.深浅.高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象. 　　例如: 　　1>.I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry. 　　2>.Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone. 　　 19.Anticlimax 渐降法 　　与climax相反的一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小,由强到弱地排列. 　　例如: 　　1>.On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots. 　　2>.The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes. ;

“洞喻”为心灵转向的过程。

Simile(明喻）

常见英语修辞手法总共有22种，分别为明喻、转喻、提喻、隐喻、拟人、拟声、夸张、双关、讽刺、联觉、头韵、委婉、修辞反问、隽语、对照、渐进法、渐降法、引用、叠言、仿拟、排比、寓言。一、明喻（Simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though,seem,similar to, such as等，Eg：This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。二、隐喻（Metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。Eg：The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。三、提喻（Synecdoche）提喻大致归纳为四种情况：a.部分和全体互代；b.以材料代替事物；c.抽象和具体互代；d.以个体代替整个类。Eg：Outside,(there is) a sea of faces.外面街上，是人的海洋。（以人体的局部代全体，即以faces 表示people）四、拟人（Personification）这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.Eg:I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.（把鸟拟人化）我很高兴，也能听到鸟儿在树林里唱歌。五、夸张（Hyperbole）这是运用丰富的想象，过激的言词，渲染和装饰客观事物，以达到强调的效果，也就是夸张化。Eg:My blood froze.我的血液都凝固了。六、转喻 (Metonymy)是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有密切关系时，可以利用这种关系，以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物，这样的一种修辞手段。转喻的重点不是在“相似”；而是在“联想”。转喻又称换喻，或借代。Eg：The kettle boils.壶水开。------以容器代表内容(用the kettle壶，表示 the water in the kettle 壶水)七、双关语（Pun）是以一个词或词组，用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来，以取得一种意想不到的幽默、滑稽效果。它主要以相似的词形、词意和谐音的方式出现。Eg:Napoleon was astonished.”Either you are mad, or I am,”he declared. “Both，sir!”cried the Swede proudly.拿破仑很惊讶。“要么你疯了，要么我疯了，”他说。“两个，先生！”瑞典人骄傲地叫道。“Both”一词一语双关，既指拿破仑和这位士兵都是疯子，又指这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役。八、拟声（Onomatopoeia）是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音，其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似，使语言显得生动，富有表现力。Eg：On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing.在学校房屋的屋顶上一些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着。九、反讽（Irony）是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义，从而达到使本义更加幽默，更加讽刺的效果。Eg：It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊（真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念）十、Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉 写感觉”。 比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。Eg:The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily－like voice.（用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到 百合花）鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音。十一、头韵法 Alliteration在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。十二、Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话。Eg:He is out visiting the necessary? 他出去方便一下。十三、Parody 仿拟这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞.Eg:Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year. 罗马不是一天建成，也不是一年建成的。十四、Rhetorical question 修辞疑问（反问）它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的。Eg:.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?十五、Paradox 隽语这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法,是一种矛盾修辞法。Eg:More haste, less speed.欲速则不达十六、Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法。Eg:You are staying; I am going.十七、Parallelism 排比, 平行这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体。Eg:No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.十八、Allegory 讽喻,比方（原意“寓言”）意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事。Eg:1>.Make the hay while the sun shines.表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草真正意味：趁热打铁十九、Climax 渐进法,层进法这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小.轻重.深浅.高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象。二十、Anticlimax 渐降法与climax相反的一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小,由强到弱地排列.Eg:On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.二十一、叠言（Rhetorical repetition）这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中，将相同的结构，相同意义词组成句子重叠使用，以增强语气和力量。Eg：It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glorious man—made destiny.它必须用我们这些对于未来，对于人类以及人类自己创造的伟大命运具有信心的人的鲜血和汗水去创造。二十二、Quotation 引用引用某处的句子或段落或某人讲的话，一般用双引号标出。Eg：Franklin said,“If a man empties his purse into his head,no man can take it away from him,an investment in knowledge always pays the best interest.”

苏格拉底首先问想象一个山洞,在那里人们可以从小被囚禁的。这些囚犯是链接,这样他们的腿和脖子都是固定的,迫使他们的目光在他们面前的墙壁,而不是看看山洞,对方,或他们自己。背后的囚犯是火,火和囚犯之间是一种提高人行道矮墙,背后,人们走携带对象或傀儡”的男性和其他生物”墙背后的人走,所以他们的身体不让囚犯们看到阴影,但他们做的对象。囚犯们看不到的背后,只能够看到洞穴墙壁上的阴影在他们面前。囚犯的阴影构成现实因为他们从来没有见过什么;他们不会意识到他们所看到的物体的阴影在火灾面前,要少得多,这些对象是灵感来自真正的洞穴之外的生物假设,一个囚犯被释放,被迫转身看火。光线会伤害他的眼睛,使他很难看到对象铸造阴影。如果他被告知,他之前看到的不是真实的,但他现在努力的对象看,他也不会相信。苏格拉底继续他的痛苦,被释放的囚犯会转过身跑回他所看到的,是习惯,进行物体的影子。假设……应该有人把他拖…武力,粗糙的提升,陡峭的路,永远不会停止,直到他可以把他拖到太阳的光。“犯人将愤怒和痛苦,而这只会加剧当太阳的辐射光淹没他的眼睛和百叶窗他。阳光代表新的现实和知识被释放的囚犯正在经历。慢慢地,他的眼睛适应太阳的光。首先,他只能看到阴影。逐渐地他可以看到人与物在水中的倒影,然后看到自己的人和事。绑的话给赞吧哈哈。

寓言yùyán[fable;allegory;parable]有所隐含的语言文学作品的一种体裁.常带有讽刺或劝戒的性质,用假托的故事或拟人手法说明某个道理或教训童话与寓言的区别：一、从概念上看：童话是一种带有浓厚幻想色彩的虚构故事,幻想是童话的基本特征,是童话的核心,也是童话的灵魂.如《田螺姑娘》、《神笔马良》等.寓言,就是含有劝喻和讽刺意味的故事.寓,就是寄托,即借助于某种故事形式来表达作者的创作意图.如《汉书·叙传上》里的“邯郸学步”：“昔有学步于邯郸者,曾未得其仿佛,又复失其故步,遂匍匐而归耳.”尽管文字简洁,但已形成有相对完整情节的简短故事,而故事本身又寓含某种深刻的道理,故堪为一篇典型的寓言.二、从篇幅上看：童话,故事完整,篇幅较长,情节神奇曲折.如《皇帝的新装》、《蚕和蚂蚁》等.寓言,结构简单,篇幅短小,情节单纯有趣.如《塞翁失马》、《黔驴技穷》等.三、从题材上看：童话多表现幻想世界,充满幻想色彩.从风霜雨雪到星辰日月,从花木草石到鱼鸟虫兽,对大自然的一切事物都可加以人格化,以物拟人,妙趣横生.如《渔夫的故事》.寓言多来自现实生活,内容多以反映人们对生活的看法,或对某种社会现象的批评,或对某种人的有所讽刺和箴戒.虽然具有虚构的成份,但却是社会现象的高度提炼和概括,更容易为人所接受.如《孟子》“揠苗助长”.四、从体裁特点看：童话,表现为形式多样,除用散文形式写的童话外,还有童话诗和童话剧.想象丰富,幻想奇特,抒情说理,寓教于乐,突出形象性,注重趣味性,讲究可读性,如《宝葫芦的秘密》、《卖火柴的小女孩》等.寓言,表现为借题发挥,由此及彼,托古讽今,小中见大,突出讽刺性,注重实用性,讲究哲理性善于启发性.如《自相矛盾》.《刻舟求剑》.童话更多偏向于故事情节,童指儿童,面向的是更多的儿童能够听得懂故事内容,喜欢或讨厌故事的人物,培训儿童的基本正义观、是非观.具有较强的娱乐性.寓言和童话一样都是虚构的,但寓言更通的是通过故事告诉世人一些道理,对今后的生活有一定的指导意义.面向的读者应该是比童话的读者要略为大些的.比如《白雪公主》可能2岁左右的孩子就能听懂；而《狐狸和葡萄》可能就要5岁左右的孩子才能听懂.童话：儿童文学的一种体裁,通过丰富的想象、幻想和夸张来编写合适于儿童欣赏的故事.寓言：1.有所寄托的话 2.用假托的故事或自然物的拟人手法来说明某个道理或教训的文学作品,常带有讽刺或劝诫的性质.寓言,用假托的故事寄寓意味深长的道理,给人以启示,寓言一般比较短小,故事的主人公可以是人,也可以是拟人化的动植物或其他事物.阅读寓言,要注意领会故事所蕴含的道理.童话,儿童文学的一种,通过丰富的想像力,幻想和夸张来塑造形象,反映生活,教育儿童的一种文学形式.

微妙的英文是subtle。参考例句：1、Subtle,multivalent allegory.微妙的有多种意义的讽喻。2、The charms of their subtlety passed by her unappreciated.话里的微妙刻薄意味，她一概不能领会。3、But beneath any attempts to generalise, there are further subtle differences and conventions.但无论人们怎样试图去概括，都存在更多微妙的差别和习俗。

题库内容：比喻的解释[allegory;comparison;metaphor;figure of speech] 一种修辞方式,即打比方,用某些有类似特点的事物来 比拟 想要说的某一事物 详细解释 (1).打比方。用某些有类似点的事物来比拟想要说明的事物。 《汉书·师丹传》 ：“ 天下 一统，而称引亡 秦 以为比喻，诖误圣朝，非所宜言，大不道。” 元 无名氏 《小尉迟》 第一折：“［正末云］小 将军 ，你和他廝杀呵，有个比喻。［ 刘无敌 云］将何比喻？［正末唱］你恰便似病羊儿逢着大虫。” 巴金 《春天里的秋天》 二：“你的比喻不对！男人是不能够拿花来比的。” (2).修辞学上的辞格 之一 。也叫“譬喻”。即以甲事物来比拟乙事物。它在形式上，具有本体、喻体和比喻词三个成分。因这三个成分的异同和隐现，比喻可分为明喻、 隐喻 ( 暗喻 )和借喻三类。 词语分解 比的解释 比 ǐ 较量高低、长短、远近、好坏等：比赛。比附。对比。评比。 能够相匹： 今非昔比 。无与伦比。 表示比赛双 方胜 负的对比：三比二。 表示两个数字 之间 的倍数、分数等关系：比例。比值。 譬喻，摹拟：比如。比 喻的解释 喻 ù 比方：比喻。譬喻。 明白 ，了解： 不言而喻 。 家喻户晓 。 说明，使人了解：晓喻。喻之以理。 姓。 部首 ：口。

美国人用英语表示为American。American    音标：英[əˈmerɪkən]    美[əˈmerɪkən]    详细释义：n.    (尤指)美国人; 美洲人; 美国英语;    adj.    美洲的; (尤指)美国的;  短语搭配：American University 美国大学 ; 美利坚大学 ; 美洲大学American English 美国英语 ; 美式英语 ; 美式英文the Americans（统称）美国人例句：1、She"s American. 她是美国人。2、Her parents were in fact American by birth. 她的父母在血统上其实是美国人。3、She"d married some American and settled down over there. 她嫁给了一位美国人，并在那边定居了。

分类: 教育/科学 >> 外语学习 问题描述: 想找一下有关"寓言"的历史发展的有关资料 解析: 用简短的事说明一个深刻含义,哲理性很强,借此喻比借小喻大,多采用拟人手法. 文学体裁的一种。含有讽喻或明显教训意义的故事。它的结构简短。主人公可以是人，可以是动物，也可以是无生物。多用借喻手法，使富有教训意义的主题或深刻的道理在简单的故事中体现。 寓言是一种的历史悠久而生命力强大的影响广泛的文体。从公元前3000年的苏美尔寓言算起，它已经有了5000年的历史。寓言的产生时间仅仅晚于神话与原始歌谣；但是，在科技昌明的近现代，神话早已经失去了产生的土壤，而寓言创作却仍然兴旺蓬勃。寓言的足迹遍布五大洲的各个国家。任何一个发展到了文明社会阶段的民族，它可能没有其它文体品种，而不可能没有寓言。 东亚“寓言”的词源来源于《庄子》。《庄子·寓言》：“寓言十九，藉外论之。”郭象的注解“十九”说：“十言而九见信。”可见，庄子认为寓言的特点是假借另外的事物以说明道理，寓言说理的成功率非常大。可惜，庄子没有强调寓言的故事性，以致古人把寓言理解得过于宽泛，甚至把寓言等同于一般的比喻或者抒发理想的作品。 西方寓言主要有四大类型：1、fable型：以伊索寓言为代表，大多是拟人化的动物故事。如：<狼和小羊>。fable这个词有寓言、童话、神话的含义。

寓言故事 [词典] fable; allegory; [例句]他讲这寓言故事是有用意的。 He had some motive in telling this fable.

我是亲友之间交往的礼品,我是婚礼的冠冕,我是生者赠予死者最后的祭献。这句话除了排比外，是比喻吗？是比喻，毫无问题。比喻就是俩不同的事物之间有类似的特点，拿一个来说另外一个。你看这个句子里，礼品应该是物品，我是人，二者相比，就够成了比喻，下面的句子也一样。这种比喻没有使用好像，如同等词语，而是运用是字，这就是三种比喻的暗喻。比喻是一种常用的修辞手法，用跟甲事物有相似之点的乙事物来描写或说明甲事物，是修辞学的辞格之一。也叫“譬喻”、“打比方”，中国古代称为“比”、或者“譬（辟）。著名文学理论家乔纳森·卡勒为比喻下的定义：比喻是认知的一种基本方式，通过把一种事物看成另一种事物而认识了它。也就是说找到甲事物和乙事物的共同点，发现甲事物暗含在乙事物身上不为人所熟知的特征，而对甲事物有一个不同于往常的重新的认识。依据描写或说明的方式比喻可分为明喻、暗喻、借喻、博喻、倒喻、反喻、缩喻、扩喻、较喻、回喻、互喻、曲喻十二种。中文名比喻外文名metaphor or simile;analogy;figure of spee...注音bǐ yù释义一种修辞方式。基本类型明喻 暗喻 借喻快速导航基本含义词语概念基本信息词目：比喻拼音：bǐ yù五笔：ㄅㄧˇㄩˋ基本解释：[allegory; comparison; metaphor; figure of speech] 一种修辞方式,即打比方,用某些有类似特点的事物来比拟想要说的某一事物。[1]是用本质不同而又有相似点的事物描绘事物或说明道理的辞格，也叫“譬喻”。通俗的说，比喻句就是打比方，就是根据联想，抓住不同事物的相似之处，用浅显、具体、生动的事物来代替抽象、难理解的事物。即所谓“举也(他)物而以明之也”。引证解释修辞学上的辞格之一。即以甲事物来比拟乙事物。它在形式上，具有本体、喻体和比喻词三个成分。因这三个成分的异同和隐现，比喻可分为明喻、隐喻（暗喻）和借喻三类。[1]比喻是根据事物之间的相似点（思想的对象同另外的事物有了类似点），把某一事物比作另一事物（用另外的事物来比拟这思想的对象，即用某一个事物或情境来比另一个事物或情境），把抽象的事物变得具体，把深奥的道理变得浅显。

法国画家 安德烈 查尔斯 瓦莫耶(andre charles voillemot)的作品名字貌似是：allegory of spring

Simile(明喻）

拉丁美洲 [词典] Latin America; [例句]这本书是对拉丁美洲历史的一种讽喻。The book is a kind of allegory of Latin American history

有道，金山词霸

英语中的“说”你会几个？一起来说说吧

展_烁LV.142020-02-27关注拟人把风拟人化，形容成舞蹈教练

没听说过 satire (讽刺/讥讽)、(meiosis 细胞成熟分裂) 和 parable (寓言故事) 是英语修辞手法。倒是有 allegory (讽喻)，如Make the hay while the sun shines (良机勿失)。

题库内容：比喻的解释[allegory;comparison;metaphor;figure of speech] 一种修辞方式,即打比方,用某些有类似特点的事物来 比拟 想要说的某一事物 详细解释 (1).打比方。用某些有类似点的事物来比拟想要说明的事物。 《汉书·师丹传》 ：“ 天下 一统，而称引亡 秦 以为比喻，诖误圣朝，非所宜言，大不道。” 元 无名氏 《小尉迟》 第一折：“［正末云］小 将军 ，你和他廝杀呵，有个比喻。［ 刘无敌 云］将何比喻？［正末唱］你恰便似病羊儿逢着大虫。” 巴金 《春天里的秋天》 二：“你的比喻不对！男人是不能够拿花来比的。” (2).修辞学上的辞格 之一 。也叫“譬喻”。即以甲事物来比拟乙事物。它在形式上，具有本体、喻体和比喻词三个成分。因这三个成分的异同和隐现，比喻可分为明喻、 隐喻 ( 暗喻 )和借喻三类。 词语分解 比的解释 比 ǐ 较量高低、长短、远近、好坏等：比赛。比附。对比。评比。 能够相匹： 今非昔比 。无与伦比。 表示比赛双 方胜 负的对比：三比二。 表示两个数字 之间 的倍数、分数等关系：比例。比值。 譬喻，摹拟：比如。比 喻的解释 喻 ù 比方：比喻。譬喻。 明白 ，了解： 不言而喻 。 家喻户晓 。 说明，使人了解：晓喻。喻之以理。 姓。 部首 ：口。

预言：对未来的预测。寓言：有深刻道理的故事。

心情-现在过去灵感来自老式家庭，并生成爷爷奶奶的孙子，这个故事通过一代又一代，拿起一个华丽的老式的传家宝一路上的花束。与纪念品装饰墙，并填写每个角落和装饰品和宝藏的裂隙，使商店都是过去和现在的视觉。老式的下午茶充满了欢乐和狂欢，下午茶聚会表是真实的生活，在商店中流动的风格。焦点返回如鞋和配件适合放在杯美味的晚餐桌上/产品推广和蛋糕/使用老式的陶器显示珠宝/这种互动的宴会邀请客户连接和放纵玻璃罩通过寓言维多利亚元件触发的玻璃罩，持续增长的知名度和演变为新的赛季。高档的大小/使用一个超大的玻璃罩保护家具或在店内展示大/展示珍贵或一个伟大的方式身材娇小的物品昂贵的产品，流行的老式板下方加利息药剂师的艺术在升级的脚步，这故事的人失去了世界搜索。给药剂师柜/运输美容店到另一个时间/全产业的魅力申请一个新的看/打开抽屉，把产品内唤起顾客的好奇心的新颜色英语牛人2团很高兴为您解答！

资产减值对於资产减值的确认是在资产持有过程中进行的，它摈弃了只对实际已经发生的交易才予以确认的传统惯例，而采用了如下的确认观念：只要某个项目的价格或价值变动能够可靠地予以计量，且对决策具有相关性，就应当确认有关价值的变化。由此产生的相关主要包括资产减值确认的时间、条件、方式、应确认为何会计要素等方面。一、资产减值应於何时确认对於资产减值确认的时点，国际会计准则第36号第8段指出：“在每一个资产负债表日，应估计是否存在资产可能已经减值的迹象。如果存在这样的迹象，企业应估计资产的可收回价值。”我国《企业会计制度》第51条规定：“企业应当定期或者至少於每年年度终了，对各项资产进行全面检查，并根据谨慎性原则的要求，合理地预计各项资产可能发生的损失，对可能发生的各项资产损失计提资产减值准备。”显然，确认资产减值的时点是资产负债表日，但对於应在何种资产负债表日确认的规定并不十分明确。笔者认为，基於资产减值确认、计量等工作的复杂性和企业对外报送财务报告的时间要求，企业没必要甚至也不可能在每一资产负债表日对资产减值予以确认，但在需要对外报送财务报告时，必须於相应的资产负债表日对资产减值进行确认。

明喻My TV is out of order意思是我的电视出故障了英语中有 19 种修辞手法,它们分别是:Simile 明喻、Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻、Metonymy 借喻,转喻、Synecdoche 提喻、Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉、Personification 拟人、 Hyperbole 夸张、Parallelism 排比, 平行、Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法、Allegory 讽喻,比方、Irony 反语、Pun 双关、Parody 仿拟、Rhetorical question 修辞疑问等

poetry 诗歌essay 散文drama 戏剧fiction 小说主要是这四大类。其它较细的说法还有：抒情诗 lyric田园诗 pastoral史诗 epic叙事诗 epopee民谣 ballad颂诗，赋 ode讽刺文学 satire悲歌，挽歌 elegy喜歌，颂歌 epithalamium随笔 gossip游记 book of travels报告文学 reportage评论 criticism长篇小说 saga novel中/短篇小说 novelette超短篇小说 short story幽默小说 humorous story历史小说 historical novel爱情小说 love story侦探小说 detective story怪诞小说 mystery story科幻小说 science fiction传记 biography民间传说 folklore寓言 allegory神话 myth悲剧 tragedy喜剧 comedy滑稽剧 farce小品，短剧 sketch

《雪莱诗集》原文是：Time/3时间The Two Spirits：An Allegory/4两个精灵：一则寓言The Indian Serenade/12印度小夜曲on A Dead Violet/14咏一朵枯萎的紫罗兰To/16致——When The Lamp Is Shattered/1 8当一盏灯破碎了Music，When SoftVoices Die一/21音乐，当温柔的余音消失之时T0 A Skylark/22致云雀A Lament/36哀歌Mutability/38无常Stanzas Written I n DejectionNear Naples|4Q在那不勒斯附近沮丧而作Love"S Philosophy/46爱的哲学Hymn to Intellectual Beauty/48赞智性美The Cloud/60云Ode to the West Wind/72西风颂Autumn：A Dirge/82秋：葬歌Ozymandias/86奥西曼德斯To Jane|88致珍妮Good-Night/92晚安To Night/94咏夜To the Moon/98咏月England in 1819/991819年的英格兰Time Long Past/100长逝的时流An Exhortation/102规劝Lift Not The Painted VeiI/106“别揭开这画帷”Remorse/108诗章To Wordsworth/112致华兹华斯Song of Proserpine/114普洛斯嫔之歌The Invitation/116一个邀请T0 A Lady,With A Guitar/122致珍妮，并赠予吉他Song to the Men of England/130致英国人民之歌A Summer Evening Churchyard，Lechlade，Gloucestershire /136夏日黄昏的墓园A W、idow Bi rd Sate Mou rning folHer Love/140孤乌为爱唏嘘Feelings of A Republican on The Falof Bonaparte/142一个共和党人对波拿巴的倾覆所感悟到的on Death/144死亡之歌To William Shelley/148致威廉·雪莱To Mary/154致玛丽TO Sophia/156致索菲亚To Ireland/160致爱尔兰Love"s Rose/165爱的玫瑰The Solitary/168孤独者To—Morrow/170明天Libeny/171自由Hymn of Apollo/174阿波罗礼赞《雪莱诗集》选载了雪莱短短一生中的一些精彩诗篇。这本《雪莱诗集》几乎提取了雪莱众多诗篇中的全部精华，其中包括那些很多人知晓、熟诵的《致云雀》、《西风颂》……每一首诗无不令人回味。通过书中选编的这些诗，我们可以了解雪莱诗歌的独特风格：清新、真挚，充满了对大自然与崇高精神的深情赞颂，以及对当时专制、黑暗社会的无比憎恨和对人类社会光明前景的预言。在这些诗中，还可以看到美丽的山村、田野、神秘幽寂的森林深处、星光下波涛翻滚的大海……也可以目睹战场上战士英勇卫国的悲壮情景……内容简介：雪莱，英国十九世纪伟大的浪漫主义诗人，在今日的世界，几乎已无人不知，关于他在英国和世界文学史上的贡献和地位似乎已无须介绍。这个版本的《雪莱诗集》，收入了全部雪莱较短篇幅的杰作和代表作，有些，是第一次译为汉语，有些，虽是译者的旧译也多已经过修订。作者:(英)雪莱 (1792—1822)英国浪漫主义诗人，出生于英格兰萨塞克斯郡，其祖父是受封的男爵，其父是议员。雪莱12岁进入伊顿公学。其作品包括诗歌、散文、剧本、译著；主要诗作有《致云雀》、《自由颂》、《解放的普罗米修斯》等。他作为19世纪著名的浪漫主义诗人，以美好的幻想和饱满的激情抨击黑暗，以丰富的想象、和谐的音韵、美妙的比喻、深刻的哲理创造了诗歌的伊甸园。

《The Faerie Queene》（Edmund Spenser）电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读资源链接：链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1ee-PS5k9pTX3zHGZ2Kn5Yg  提取码：i1ao    书名：The Faerie Queene作者：Edmund Spenser豆瓣评分：8.3出版社：Penguin Classics出版年份：1979-1-25页数：1248内容简介：The Faerie Queene was the first epic in English and one of the most influential poems in the language for later poets from Milton to Tennyson. Dedicating his work to Elizabeth I, Spenser brilliantly united medieval romance and renaissance epic to expound the glory of the Virgin Queen. The poem recounts the quests of knights including Sir Guyon, Knight of Constance, who resists temptation, and Artegall, Knight of Justice, whose story alludes to the execution of Mary Queen of Scots. Composed as an overt moral and political allegory, The Faerie Queene, with its dramatic episodes of chivalry, pageantry and courtly love, is also a supreme work of atmosphere, colour and sensuous description.Epic poem that was published between 1590 and 1609 by Edmund Spenser. It is the central poem of the Elizabethan period and is one of the great long poems in the English language. A celebration of Protestant nationalism, it represents infidels and papists as villains, King Arthur as the hero, and married chastity as its central value. The form of The Faerie Queene fuses the medieval allegory with the Italian romantic epic. The plan was for 12 books (of which six were completed), focusing on 12 virtues exemplified in the quests of 12 knights from the court of Gloriana, the Faerie Queene, a symbol for Elizabeth I herself. Arthur, in quest of Gloriana"s love, would appear in each book and come to exemplify Magnificence, the complete man. Spenser took the decorative chivalry of the Elizabethan court festivals and reworked it through a constantly shifting veil of allegory, so that the knight"s adventures and loves build into a complex, multileveled portrayal of the moral life. The verse, a spacious and slow-moving nine-lined stanza (see SPENSERIAN STANZA), and Spenser"s archaic language frequently rise to an unrivaled sensuousness. The first installment of the poem (Books I-III) was published in 1590; the second, which contained Books I-III and Books IV-VI, in 1596. The first folio edition, with Books I-VI and the MUTABILITIE CANTOS fragment, appeared in 1609. -- The Merriam-Webster Encyclopedia of Literature

英文的笔记行吗？A Concise History of British LiteratureChapter 1 English Literature of Anglo-Saxon PeriodI. Introduction1. The historical background(1) Before the Germanic invasion(2) During the Germanic invasiona. immigration; b. Christianity; c. heptarchy. d. social classes structure: hide-hundred; eoldermen (lord) – thane - middle class (freemen) - lower class (slave or bondmen: theow); e. social organization: clan or tribes. f. military Organization; g. Church function: spirit, civil service, education; h. economy: coins, trade, slavery; i. feasts and festival: Halloween, Easter; j. legal system.2. The Overview of the culture(1) The mixture of pagan and Christian spirit.(2) Literature: a. poetry: two types; b. prose: two figures.II. Beowulf.1. A general introduction.2. The content.3. The literary features. (1) the use of alliteration (2) the use of metaphors and understatements (3) the mixture of pagan and Christian elementsIII. The Old English Prose1. What is prose?2. figures(1) The Venerable Bede(2) Alfred the GreatChapter 2 English Literature of the Late Medieval AgesI. Introduction1. The Historical Background.(1) The year 1066: Norman Conquest.(2) The social situations soon after the conquest.A. Norman nobles and serfs; B. restoration of the church.(3) The 11th century.A. the crusade and knights.B. dominance of French and Latin;(4) The 12th century.A. the centralized government;B. kings and the church (Henry II and Thomas);(5) The 13th century.A. The legend of Robin Hood;B. Magna Carta (1215);C. the beginning of the ParliamentD. English and Latin: official languages (the end)(6) The 14th century.a. the House of Lords and the House of Commons—conflict between the Parliament and Kings;b. the rise of towns.c. the change of Church.d. the role of women.e. the Hundred Years" War—starting.f. the development of the trade: London.g. the Black Death.h. the Peasants" Revolt—1381.i. The translation of Bible by Wycliff.(7) The 15th century.a. The Peasants Revolt (1453)b. The War of Roses between Lancasters and Yorks.c. the printing-press—William Caxton.d. the starting of Tudor Monarchy(1485)2. The Overview of Literature.(1) the stories from the Celtic lands of Wales and Brittany—great myths of the Middle Ages.(2) Geoffrye of Monmouth—Historia Regum Britanniae—King Authur.(3) Wace—Le Roman de Brut.(4) The romance.(5) the second half of the 14th century: Langland, Gawin poet, Chaucer.II. Sir Gawin and Green Knight.1. a general introduction.2. the plot.III. William Langland.1. Life 2. Piers the PlowmanIV. Chaucer1. Life2. Literary Career: three periods (1) French period (2) Italian period (3) master period3. The Canterbury TalesA. The Framework; B. The General Prologue;C. The Tale Proper.4. His Contribution. (1) He introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types. (2) He is the first great poet who wrote in the current English language. (3) The spoken English of the time consisted of several dialects, and Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.V. Popular Ballads.VI. Thomas Malory and English ProseVII. The beginning of English Drama.1. Miracle Plays.Miracle play or mystery play is a form of medieval drama that came from dramatization of the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church. It developed from the 10th to the 16th century, reaching its height in the 15th century. The simple lyric character of the early texts was enlarged by the addition of dialogue and dramatic action. Eventually the performance was moved to the churchyard and the marketplace.2. Morality Plays.A morality play is a play enforcing a moral truth or lesson by means of the speech and action of characters which are personified abstractions – figures representing vices and virtues, qualities of the human mind, or abstract conceptions in general.3. Interlude.The interlude, which grew out of the morality, was intended, as its name implies, to be used more as a filler than as the main part of an entertainment. As its best it was short, witty, simple in plot, suited for the diversion of guests at a banquet, or for the relaxation of the audience between the divisions of a serious play. It was essentially an indoors performance, and generally of an aristocratic nature.Chapter 3 English Literature in the RenaissanceI. A Historical BackgroundII. The Overview of the Literature (1485-1660)Printing press—readership—growth of middle class—trade-education for laypeople-centralization of power-intellectual life-exploration-new impetus and direction of literature.Humanism-study of the literature of classical antiquity and reformed education.Literary style-modeled on the ancients.The effect of humanism-the dissemination of the cultivated, clear, and sensible attitude of its classically educated adherents.1. poetryThe first tendency by Sidney and Spenser: ornate, florid, highly figured style.The second tendency by Donne: metaphysical style—complexity and ingenuity.The third tendency by Johnson: reaction--Classically pure and restrained style.The fourth tendency by Milton: central Christian and Biblical tradition.2. Dramaa. the native tradition and classical examples.b. the drama stands highest in popular estimation: Marlowe – Shakespeare – Jonson.3. Prosea. translation of Bible; b. More; c. Bacon.II. English poetry.1. Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard (courtly makers)(1) Wyatt: introducing sonnets.(2) Howard: introducing sonnets and writing the first blank verse.2. Sir Philip Sidney—poet, critic, prose writer(1) Life: a. English gentleman; b. brilliant and fascinating personality; c. courtier.(2) worksa. Arcadia: pastoral romance;b. Astrophel and Stella (108): sonnet sequence to Penelope Dvereux—platonic devotion.Petrarchan conceits and original feelings-moving to creativeness—building of a narrative story; theme-love originality-act of writing.c. Defense of Poesy: an apology for imaginative literature—beginning of literary criticism.3. Edmund Spenser(1) life: Cambridge - Sidney"s friend - “Areopagus” – Ireland - Westminster Abbey.(2) worksa. The Shepherds Calendar: the budding of English poetry in Renaissance.b. Amoretti and Epithalamion: sonnet sequencec. Faerie Queene: The general end--A romantic and allegorical epic—steps to virtue. 12 books and 12 virtues: Holiness, temperance, justice and courtesy. Two-level function: part of the story and part of allegory (symbolic meaning) Many allusions to classical writers. Themes: puritanism, nationalism, humanism and Renaissance Neoclassicism—a Christian humanist.(3) Spenserian Stanza.III. English Prose1. Thomas More(1) Life: “Renaissance man”, scholar, statesman, theorist, prose writer, diplomat, patron of artsa. learned Greek at Canterbury College, Oxford; b. studies law at Lincoln Inn; c. Lord Chancellor; d. beheaded.(2) Utopia: the first English science fiction.Written in Latin, two parts, the second—place of nowhere.A philosophical mariner (Raphael Hythloday) tells his voyages in which he discovers a land-Utopia.a. The part one is organized as dialogue with mariner depicting his philosophy.b. The part two is a description of the island kingdom where gold and silver are worn by criminal, religious freedom is total and no one owns anything.c. the nature of the book: attacking the chief political and social evils of his time.d. the book and the Republic: an attempt to describe the Republic in a new way, but it possesses an modern character and the resemblance is in externals.e. it played a key role in the Humanist awakening of the 16th century which moved away from the Medieval otherworldliness towards Renaissance secularism.f. the Utopia(3) the significance.a. it was the first champion of national ideas and national languages; it created a national prose, equally adapted to handling scientific and artistic material.b. a elegant Latin scholar and the father of English prose: he composed works in English, translated from Latin into English biography, wrote History of Richard III.2. Francis Bacon: writer, philosopher and statesman(1) life: Cambridge - humanism in Paris – knighted - Lord Chancellor – bribery - focusing on philosophy and literature.(2) philosophical ideas: advancement of science—people:servants and interpreters of nature—method: a child before nature—facts and observations: experimental.(3) “Essays”: 57.a. he was a master of numerous and varied styles.b. his method is to weigh and balance maters, indicating the ideal course of action and the practical one, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of each, but leaving the reader to make the final decisions. (arguments)IV. English Drama1. A general survey.(1) Everyman marks the beginning of modern drama.(2) two influences.a. the classics: classical in form and English in content;b. native or popular drama.(3) the University Wits.2. Christopher Marlowe: greatest playwright before Shakespeare and most gifted of the Wits.(1) Life: first interested in classical poetry—then in drama.(2) Major worksa. Tamburlaine; b. The Jew of Malta; c. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus.(3) The significance of his plays.V. William Shakespeare 1. Life(1) 1564, Stratford-on-Avon; (2) Grammar School; (3) Queen visit to Castle; (4) marriage to Anne Hathaway; (5) London, the Globe Theatre: small part and proprietor; (6) the 1st Folio, Quarto;(7) Retired, son—Hamnet; H. 1616.2. Dramatic career3. Major plays-men-centered.(1) Romeo and Juliet--tragic love and fate(2) The Merchant of Venice.Good over evil.Anti-Semitism.(3) Henry IV.National unity.Falstaff.(4) Julius CaesarRepublicanism vs. dictatorship.(5) HamletRevengeGood/evil.(6) OthelloDiabolic characterjealousygap between appearance and reality.(7) King LearFilial ingratitude(8) MacbethAmbition vs. fate.(9) Antony and Cleopatra.Passion vs. reason(10) The TempestReconciliation; reality and illusion.3. Non-dramatic poetry(1) Venus and Adonis; The Rape of Lucrece.(2) Sonnets: a. theme: fair, true, kind. b. two major parts: a handsome young man of noble birth; a lady in dark complexion. c. the form: three quatrains and a couplet.d. the rhyme scheme: abab, cdcd, efef, gg.VI. Ben Jonson1. life: poet, dramatist, a Latin and Greek scholar, the “literary king” (Sons of Ben)2.contribution: (1) the idea of “humour”.(2) an advocate of classical drama and a forerunner of classicism in English literature.3. Major plays(1) Everyone in His Humour—”humour”; three unities.(2) Volpone the FoxChapter 4 English Literature of the 17th CenturyI. A Historical BackgroundII. The Overview of the Literature (1640-1688)1. The revolution period(1) The metaphysical poets;(2) The Cavalier poets.(3) Milton: the literary and philosophical heritage of the Renaissance merged with Protestant political and moral conviction2. The restoration period.(1) The restoration of Charles II ushered in a literature characterized by reason, moderation, good taste, deft management, and simplicity. (school of Ben Jonson)(2) The ideals of impartial investigation and scientific experimentation promoted by the newly founded Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge (1662) were influential in the development of clear and simple prose as an instrument of rational communication. (3) The great philosophical and political treatises of the time emphasize rationalism. (4) The restoration drama.(5) The Age of Dryden.III. John Milton1. Life: educated at Cambridge—visiting the continent—involved into the revolution—persecuted—writing epics.2. Literary career.(1) The 1st period was up to 1641, during which time he is to be seen chiefly as a son of the humanists and Elizabethans, although his Puritanism is not absent. L"Allegre and IL Pens eroso (1632) are his early masterpieces, in which we find Milton a true offspring of the Renaissance, a scholar of exquisite taste and rare culture. Next came Comus, a masque. The greatest of early creations was Lycidas, a pastoral elegy on the death of a college mate, Edward King.(2) The second period is from 1641 to 1654, when the Puritan was in such complete ascendancy that he wrote almost no poetry. In 1641, he began a long period of pamphleteering for the puritan cause. For some 15 years, the Puritan in him alone ruled his writing. He sacrificed his poetic ambition to the call of the liberty for which Puritans were fighting. (3) The third period is from 1655 to 1671, when humanist and Puritan have been fused into an exalted entity. This period is the greatest in his literary life, epics and some famous sonnets. The three long poems are the fruit of the long contest within Milton of Renaissa

翻译过来。比较make sense的应该是怎样的？不好意思，分数不多。辛苦了！ Socrates says,tell me what kind of person your friend is,and I will

第一幅是法国新古典主义大师Émile Jean-Horace Vernet贺拉斯·贝内特的作品；第二幅是意大利Carlo Dolci 的作品，作品名称是Allegory of Patience；第三幅是奥地利 Friedrich von Amerling的作品，作品名称是Portrait of Elise Kreuzberger。

complete analysis 英[kəmˈpli:t əˈnæləsis] 美[kəmˈplit əˈnælɪsɪs] 全分析，全量分析

第一幅：horace vernet（贺拉斯 贝内特 1789-1863）法国画家第二幅：Carlo (or Carlino) Dolci 1616年-1686年）意大利画家 《耐心的语言Allegory of Patience》第三幅：奥地利画家 friedrich von amerling 1803--1887

Chen Kaige was born in Beijing, China intoa family of FuzhouChangle origin, and grew up with fellow Fifth Generationalumnus Tian Zhuangzhuang as a childhood friend. During the CulturalRevolution, Chen joined the Red Guards. His father, Chen Huai"ai was awell-known director in his own right.As a teenage member of the Red Guards,Chen, like many other youths, denounced his own father, a fateful decision heeventually learned to regret. Indeed, this period of his life continues toinfluence much of his work today, notably in the unblinking depictions of theCultural Revolution in Farewell My Concubine（霸王别姬）, and in thefather-son relationship in Together（和你在一起）.With the endof the Cultural Revolution, Chen, in 1978 joined the Beijing Film Academy,where he graduated from in 1982 as part of the so-called Fifth Generation ofChinese filmmakers.Upon graduating, Chen was assigned to theinland studio at Guangxi, along with fellow graduate, Zhang Yimou.His firstmovie, Yellow Earth（黄土地） (1984) established itself as one of the most important works ofFifth Generation filmmaking; though simple, its powerful visual imagery (courtesyof cinematography by Zhang) and revolutionary storytelling style marked a seachange in how films were seen and perceived in the People"s Republic ofChina.The Big Parade（大阅兵） (1986) and King of the Children（孩子王） (1987) expandedon his filmic repertoire. In 1987, he was awarded a fellowship by the AsianCultural Council and served as a visiting scholar at the New York UniversityFilm School.Early in 1989, he did further experimenting in a music videofor the song "Do You Believe In Shame" by Duran Duran.Later thatyear, he made Life on a String, a highly esoteric movie which usesmythicalallegory and lush scenery to tell the story of a blind sanxian musicianand his student. In the same year, he was a member of the jury at the 39thBerlin International Film Festival.His most famous film in the West, FarewellMy Concubine （霸王别姬）(1993), nominated for two Academy Awards and winner of the Palmed"Or at 1993 Cannes Film Festival, follows two Beijing opera stars throughdecades of change in China during the twentieth century. Chen followed up theunprecedented success of Farewell My Concubine with Temptress Moon （风月）, anotherperiod drama starring Gong Li. Though it was well received by most critics, itdid not achieve the accolades that Concubine did, and many were put off by thefilm"s convoluted plot line. Almost as famous is his The Emperor and theAssassin（荆柯刺秦王） (1999), an epic involving the legendary King of Qin and thereluctant assassin who aims to kill him.In 2002, Chen made his first, and to-dateonly English-language film, Killing Me Softly（《十分钟年华老去——百花深处》）, athriller starring Heather Graham and Joseph Fiennes, though it proved to beboth a critical and popular disappointment. His more recent Together (2002) isan intimate film about a young violinist and his father. In 2005, he directedThe Promise, a fantasy wuxia picture. The Promise saw Chen shifting to a morecommercial mindset, a shift regarded by some as a "radical stylisticturn" from his previous works.In 2008 Chen directed the semi-biographyForever Enthralled（梅兰芳）which is a return for him in the sense of directing a film based onChinese opera. He later went on to direct Sacrifice（赵氏孤儿）(2010),which is a re-imagine of the famous play The Orphan of Zhao. The film was abox-office hit and many critics saw it as his "return to form".Chenhas also acted in several films, including Bertolucci"s The Last Emperor（末代皇帝） (1987)and his own The Emperor and the Assassin and Together.His 2012 film Caught inthe Web（搜索） was selected as the Chinese entry for the Best Foreign LanguageOscar at the 85th Academy Awards, but it did not make the final shortlist.如果要简短的前面两段就可以了，如果要长一点的可以把后面的都加上，基本他的整个电影历程都有简单介绍，希望有所帮助。

White Christmas" white Christmas" is synonymous and Christmas songs, the history of the most popular Christmas songs!" -- the white snow, white plains, Santa"s beard; Christmas cards, Christmas -- all in white christmas!What is Christmas? -- this is happy. So, we wish you a merry Christmas, happy new year! Little pudding, with candy, if you will not do something, we can not go oh, bless but is not free! From Enya ( Enya ) to the sound of nature! God Rest Ye Merry English version of" fable" don"t be sad, not sad, Jesus in the world. With joy, with the comfort, the son of God, our shepherd was born in a manger. Praise the Lord, he will get us out of the astray ... Tune is very familiar with, Angela Chang"s" allegory" which to this!Winter Wonderland famous Christmas song" Winter Wonderland" starting in 1934, since then has been repeated. The lyrics describe the Christmas scene: piled snowman, imagine that he is someone "s appearance, unwittingly entered only a winter some strange spectacle ... A silver world have the atmosphere of christmas!

乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer - the father of English poetry <The Canterbury Tales>斯宾塞Edmund Spenser - the poets" poet <The Faerie Queene> 诗人中的诗人《仙后》马洛Christopher Marlowe 浮士德博士的悲剧 <Dr. Faustus>莎士比亚William Shakespeare 四大悲剧Four tragedies - Hamlet, Othello, King Lear & Macbeth 十四行诗第18首 <Sonnet 18>《威尼斯商人》<The Merchant of Venice>培根Francis Bacon 《论学习》<Of Studies>

Introductionprint Print document PDF list Cite link LinkLittle WomenLouisa May AlcottThe following entry presents criticism on Alcott"s novel Little Women. See also Louisa May Alcott Nineteenth-Century Literary Criticism.What is now known as Little Women includes both the original work by that title and its sequel, Good Wives. Written by Louisa May Alcott in 1868 and 1869 respectively, together these works have been long established as primary within the canon of juvenile literature and are considered by many to be the first children"s books in America to break with the didactic tradition. Alcott introduced realism and entertainment to American children"s literature, thereby achieving commercial success unknown to her moralizing contemporaries. Little Women is still read worldwide today.Louisa May Alcott was born in Germantown, Pennsylvania in 1832, and raised in Concord, Massachusetts, and Boston. She was the second of four daughters of Abigail May Alcott and Amos Bronson Alcott, a Transcendentalist, educational reformer, and well-known writer. Louisa, though more commercially successful than her father, faced many obstacles to the literary career she envisioned for herself. As a woman writer, she was expected to write sentimental and moralizing tales, and in order to earn a living as a writer, she was expected to cater to the sensational cravings of her audience. Although she did both successfully until her death in 1888, many critics argue that with Little Women, Alcott countered sensationalism with realism and subverted the moralizing purpose she often appeared to embrace.Plot and Major CharactersIn Part I, while Mr. March is away as a volunteer chaplain in the Civil War, the March girls, Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy, embark on "pilgrimages" toward selfimprovement, with the inspiration of John Bunyan"s religious allegory, The Pilgrim"s Progress (1678). Their journeys, though, are largely determined by their own consciences and will rather than by dogma. Meg learns to overcome her vanity, Jo to overcome excessiveness and temper, Amy, greed and selfishness. Beth is already saintly and seems not to need change, but ironically, it is an act of charity—a visit to a sick infant—which results in the scarlet fever that weakens her health and precipitates her death.Welcomed into this haven are neighbors Theodore Laurence (Laurie) and his grandfather, who are far from stock patriarchal figures; they are, rather, admirers who crave and aspire to the domestic peace enjoyed by the Marches. Laurie and Jo develop a close friendship that intrigued Alcott"s readers, but she avoided the conventional romantic plot by refusing to have them marry. Jo, an unconventional girl who thinks of herself as the "man of the house" while her father is away, is more interested in developing her art and financially supporting her family than marrying.Part II of Little Women, originally published separately as Good Wives, focuses on the girls" transitions into adulthood. Meg marries John Brooke, Laurie"s tutor—a financially difficult but happy match. Amy loses some of her passion for art and marries Laurie after he has been refused by Jo and has recovered from the blow. Beth dies before she can reach adulthood, but her loss inspires Jo to take up her domestic role. Jo eventually marries Professor Bhaer, a middle-aged academic with whom she shares philosophical interests. They open a boys" school, where she, no longer a tomboy, becomes a mother-figure for the students.Major ThemesAlcott"s earlier work, often published under the pseudonym A. M. Barnard, is generally characterized by sensational characters and plots, violence, melodrama, and romance—all consistent with the expectations of her readers. When asked to write a "girl"s book," Alcott was yet again forced to write according to others" interests, but in this case she opted for more realism than sensationalism by choosing the only girl-hood she knew for her subject—her own. Based on her life, and that of her sisters, Anna, Elizabeth, and May, Little Women follows the adolescence of the girls into adulthood, captures their private, domestic experience concretely, delineates their matriarchal haven of comfort and frugality, dramatizes their creative play, and explores their struggles to become artists, good sisters, and eventually happy wives. Although the culture of her time demanded that Alcott produce moralizing tales, she displayed a certain amount of resistance to that mandate in Little Women, preaching moderation rather than excessive religious molding. The girls are guided less by rigid moral strictures than by their strong sense of family, sometimes conveyed by words of wisdom from mother Marmee, but more often by a need to get along as a sisterly community. In part II this theme of sisterly love expands to include marriage and the formation of new families, with new roles for the three surviving sisters as good wives. Self-improvement, social responsibility, domestic cooperation, and matriarchal power, as well as the importance of play and artistic development, all serve as prominent themes in Little Women.Critical ReceptionThe influence of Little Women has been vast, but historically limited to a female readership. Early critics received the novel with sentimental praise and an appreciation of Alcott"s ability to meet the minds of her child readers, a view shared by Angela Brazil in her 1922 review. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Alcott was appreciated, like many American women writers, as merely a local colorist with a talent for portraying the domestic sphere concretely. In academia, her novel was studied only by the scholars of children"s literature until the 1960s and 1970s, when it came under closer scrutiny by feminist critics, some of whom were frustrated with its outdated sentimentality, others of whom dismissed it because it seems to uphold the traditional separation of men"s and women"s spheres (public vs. private). In the 1980s, the new emphasis on expanding the canon to include marginalized writers and works associated with popular culture brought more attention to Little Women. It has achieved importance within Women"s Studies and the American literary canon in general for its detailed descriptions of nineteenth-century family life and of female struggles for social identity. As Carolyn Heilbrun suggests, Little Women has been particularly influential on female readers in the twentieth century who, craving models of female autonomy, found one, at least briefly, in Alcott"s character Jo. Recent critics have continued in this positive vein, calling further attention to the subversive elements in Little Women, recasting Jo as an early feminist who, like her creator, made the most of the limited possibilities open to women in her time.希望对楼主有帮助， 不满意请留言

factory英语说法：美（ˈfæktri）、英（ˈfæktri）。短语搭配：1、hardware factory.五金厂。2、factory building.厂房。3、furniture factory.家具厂。4、pharmaceutical factory.药厂；制药厂。5、electronics factory.电子厂，电子工厂；无线电元件厂。联想：accessory n：配饰；附件adj.副的；附属的。allegory n：寓言。conservatory n：玻璃暖房；音乐学校。facetious adj：好开玩笑的。facilitate v：促进；使便利。双语例句：1、His high earning comes from his car factory.他的高收入来自于他的汽车制造厂。2、A chocolate factory will be built in one year,which makes all the children excited.一年之内将会修建一座巧克力工厂，这让孩子们激动坏了。3、He has two sons who work in the same factory.他有两个儿子，他们在同一家工厂工作。4、She got a job in the factory.她在工厂里得到了一份工作。5、The journalists disclosed the story on factory pollution.记者曝光了工厂污染的事件。