我不懂运营-
定语从句一、考点聚焦1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. 3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。This is the place which is worth visiting.②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。There are many places we can visit（them）in China.4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。5、确定关系词的步骤（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which（1）先行词被①形容词最高级 ②序数词 ③数词几种词修饰或被 ④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.（4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。Which are the books that you bought for me ?7、宜用which而不用that的情况（1）在非限制性定语从句中（2）在关系词前有介词时（3）当先行词本身是that时（4）当关系词离先行词较远时8、关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词（1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。（2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。（3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。Who is that girl that is standing by the window?（4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。9、whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。如：Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ?There is a room, whose window faces the river.There is a room, the window of which faces the river.10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。（1）先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many（much）中，从句都用as 引导。Such books as you bought are useful.The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.注意：区别①such … that … 引导的结果状语从句。They are suchlovely children that we love them much.②the same … that … 引导定语从句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.（2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。区别：①意义上：as 含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。He didn"t pass the exam, as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.As is known, the earth is round, not flat.11、关系副词when与where、why、thatwhen 指时间 = in / at / on / during whichwhere指地点 = in / at / from / whichwhy指原因 = for which当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）I don"t like the way that / in which / he talks.当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.12、必须注意的问题（1）关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。（2）注意区别定语从句与强调句。①定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。②强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。③强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句)It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句）（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别。①定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语)（4）关系词在从句中省略的情况。①关系词作宾语，前无介词时。②关系词作表语。（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。（6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。（7）几个特殊的定语从句句型：①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中one为先行词）He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students为先行词）②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ? ③He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.④It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.
LocCloud-
1、副词（adv.） 曾经
2、名词（n.） 一次
3、连词 一旦
小教板-
once 是一次的意思，例：I play game once a week。翻译：我一个星期玩一次游戏机。
ardim-
ad.
1. 一次,一回
2. 昔日,曾经
n.
1. 一次,一回
conj.
1. 一旦,一经...便