give advice是什么意思

英音 [əd"vais] ;,美音 [əd"vais] ;,名词 1.劝告，忠告，意见 2.消息，报道；(商业)通知 3.建议，指点 4.[通常用复数](尤指来自远方的)报道；消息，情报，报告,这些名词均含“意见、建议”之意。 advice普通用词，侧重依据个人经验、学识和正确判断而提出的忠言。 opinion日常用词，泛指对某事物的想法和意见。 proposal指正式提出来供研究、采纳或实行的建议。 suggestion普通用词，语气比advice婉转客气，也不如proposal正式。着重为改进工作、解决困难等提出的建议，有时含所提建议不一定正确，仅供参考的意味。 remendation指在自己经历的基础上而提出的有益建议、意见或忠告。 view侧重指对重大的或引起公众关注的问题所持的看法和态度。,a proposal for an appropriate course of action,no advice 【经】 未通知, 未报到 ,advice book 通知登记簿 ,advice note 通知单，通知书，货物通知单 ,advice of fate 出险事故通知 ,advice of settlement 结算通知书 ,drawing advice 票据委托书 ,word of advice phr. 片语良言， 一句忠告 ,advice and consent 【法】 咨询和同意 ,advice to correction 【经】 更正通知 ,tender advice 劝告, 忠告 ,advice n. 1.劝告，忠告，意见 2.消息，报道；(商业)通知 3.建议，指点 4.[通常用复数](尤指来自远方的)报道；消息，情报，报告

advice意为：劝告，忠告，建议，意见没有认为的意思 认为的英语单词：think、consider、deem。advice为不可数名词，可用some、much、a piece of、pieces of等修饰

您好advice n. 劝告，忠告;（商业）通知;建议;（政治，外交上的）报导，报告 [例句]Advice : make your customers no. 1.建议：顾客第一望采纳，谢谢

劝谏1

n.劝告，忠告；（商业）通知；建议；（政治，外交上的）报导，报告注意，advice为不可数名词。可以说 a piece of advice 或 some advice，但不能说 an advice 或 advices。请勿混淆 advice 和 advise。advise 是 advice 的动词形式。

advice是名词，意思是建议。

劝告,忠告[O][O2][O5][O6]We advised her that she (should) wait. 我们劝她等。 We advised him against acting in haste. 我们劝他不要匆忙行事。 2.当...的顾问[W][(+on)]3.通知,告知[(+of)][O5][O6]Please advise us of any change in your plan. 你们的计划倘有变更,请告诉我们。 4.建议采取不及物动词 vi. 1.劝告,忠告I advised against their doing it. 我劝他们不要做这件事。 2.当顾问[W]3.建议

都有“意见、建议”的意思advise的名词是adviceadvice与suggestion是名词，两者的最大区别在于advice是不可数名词，表示“一条建议”用a piece of advice,“一些建议”是some advice；而suggestion则是可数名词，表示“一条建议”用a suggestion，“一些建议”是some suggestions, “许多建议”是many suggestions。 例如：I"ll give you some advice, Mike; don"t try.迈克，我要给你些忠告，别去试。I made a few suggestions about how we could spend the afternoon.

n.劝告,忠告,意见;(常pl.)报导,报告[商]通知,通讯;外电建议

游客指南

　　advice表示意见，建议; 那么你知道advice的同义词是什么吗?一起来学习一下吧! 　　advice的同义词1： 　　opinion 　　advice的同义词2： 　　progposal 　　advice的同义词3： 　　suggestion 　　advice的同义词4： 　　recommendation 　　advice的同义词辨析： 　　这些名词均有"利益，好处"之意。 　　advice, opinion, progposal, suggestion, recommendation, view 　　这些名词均含"意见，建议"之意。 　　advice ：普通用词，侧重依据个人经验、学识和正确判断而提出的忠言。 　　opinion ：日常用词，泛指对某事物的想法和意见。 　　progposal ：指正式提出来供研究、采纳或实行的建议。 　　suggestion ：普通用词，语气比advice婉转客气，也不如proposal正式。着重为改进工作、解决困难等提出的建议，有时含所提建议不一定正确，仅供参考的意味。 　　recommendation ：指在自己经历的基础上而提出的有益建议、意见或忠告。 　　advice的同义词例句： 　　1. Substantial numbers of rank and file members ignored their union"s advice. 　　有相当一部分普通员工不理睬工会的建议。 　　2. She did not take kindly to being offered advice. 　　她不喜欢别人给她提建议。 　　3. The service covers contraceptive advice and health checks, and is available free. 　　服务项目包括避孕建议和健康检查，并且免费提供。 　　4. You"ll also get expert advice on keeping your hair in good condition. 　　你还会获得有关如何保持良好发质的专家建议。 　　5. We are taking advice on legal steps to recover the money. 　　我们正在就追回该款项所需的法律程序咨询律师。 　　6. He discharged himself from hospital against the advice of doctors. 　　他不顾医生的劝告自行出院了。 　　7. I respect his judgement and I"ll follow any advice he gives me. 　　我尊重他的判断能力，会接受他提出的任何建议。 　　8. I would like your advice on a matter of conscience, Father. 　　我想就一件有关良心的事征求您的建议，神父。 　　9. Well, sonny, I"ll give you a bit of advice. 　　好吧，小家伙，我给你支点招儿。 　　10. She decided that her doctor"s advice sounded pretty good. 　　她认为医生的建议似乎很不错。 　　11. The situation is long past the stage when anyone"s advice would help. 　　情况早变了，不是谁提个建议就能补救的事儿。 　　12. I think it"s premature for restaurants to come out with that advice. 　　我认为餐馆提出那样的建议太草率了。 　　13. She understood his meaning, if not his words, and took his advice. 　　她即便没听懂他的话，也明白了他的意思，并且接受了他的建议。 　　14. Clifford"s only stipulation is that his clients obey his advice. 　　克利福德唯一的要求就是客户必须听从他的建议。 　　15. Always seek professional legal advice before entering into any agreement. 　　在签订任何协定之前一定要先征求法律专业人士的意见。 　　advice的同义词例句： 　　1. And what of the effect on U.S domestic opinion? 　　对美国国内的舆论有什么影响? 　　2. He will have been heartened by the telephone opinion poll published yesterday. 　　他会为昨天公布的电话民意调查结果感到鼓舞。 　　3. The result reflects a modest rightward shift in opinion. 　　结果显示舆论出现一定程度的右倾。 　　4. Congress as an institution scores low in public opinion polls. 　　作为一个公共机构，国会在公众民意调查中得分很低。 　　5. Frank is of the opinion that the 1934 yacht should have won. 　　弗兰克认为本该是那艘1934年的帆船获胜。 　　6. The latest opinion polls are predicting a very close contest. 　　最近的民意测验预测竞争将会非常激烈。 　　7. The majority of sex offenders have a low opinion of themselves. 　　大多数性犯罪者都瞧不起自己。 　　8. He mobilized public opinion all over the world against hydrogen-bomb tests. 　　他动员全世界的舆论反对氢弹试验。 　　9. Medical opinion varies on how many tablets it takes to overdose. 　　医生对于服用多少药片算作过量意见不一。 　　10. Weber gave a fair hearing to anyone who held a different opinion. 　　韦伯让持不同意见的人都能有机会发表意见。 　　11. Members of Parliament are spending the weekend canvassing opinion in their constituencies. 　　国会议员这个周末要向所在选区的选民征求意见。 　　12. An independent opinion poll published today shows growing discontent with the government. 　　今天发表的一项独立民意测验表明民众对政府的不满正与日俱增。 　　13. Opinion polls are an unreliable predictor of election outcomes. 　　民意测验并不能对选举结果进行可靠预测。 　　14. The fans are entitled to their opinion but booing doesn"t help anyone. 　　粉丝有权表达他们的观点,但起哄对任何人都没有好处. 　　15. Such a motion is considered a test of backbench opinion. 　　这样的动议被视为对后座议员立场的考验。

建议.劝告 不可数名词如:What good advice it is!

advice n. 忠告,建议,[商]通知 不可数 不能说 an advice 或some advices 通常说 a piece of advice

意思就是忠告，建议

建议的名词形式

videochocolateadvice前两者是可数名词，advice是不可数名词。video为可数名词，意思为录像带，复数为videos。chocolate意思是巧克力，复数为chocolates。advice不可数，意思为劝告。

advice 英[ədˈvaɪs]美[əd"vaɪs]n. 劝告，忠告;（商业）通知;建议;（政治，外交上的）报导，报告

n.劝告，忠告；（商业）通知；建议；（政治，外交上的）报导，报告

劝告,忠告

词典解释名词 n. 1. 劝告,忠告[U][(+on/to/about)]I want your advice, sir. I don"t know what to do. 先生,我需要您的指点。我不知该怎么办才好。 2. 消息,报告[P1]Advices from abroad indicate that war is about to begin. 来自国外的消息表明战争即将开始。 3. 【商】通知[P1]以下结果来自互联网网络释义advice 1.意见，劝告 ②通知 2.建议 通知 3.忠告，建议（名词）

都有“意见、建议”的意思advise的名词是adviceadvice与suggestion是名词，两者的最大区别在于advice是不可数名词，表示“一条建议”用a piece of advice,“一些建议”是some advice；而suggestion则是可数名词，表示“一条建议”用a suggestion，“一些建议”是some suggestions, “许多建议”是many suggestions。 例如：I"ll give you some advice, Mike; don"t try.迈克，我要给你些忠告，别去试。I made a few suggestions about how we could spend the afternoon.

意见...忠告

都有“意见、建议”的意思advise的名词是adviceadvice与suggestion是名词，两者的最大区别在于advice是不可数名词，表示“一条建议”用a piece of advice,“一些建议”是some advice；而suggestion则是可数名词，表示“一条建议”用a suggestion，“一些建议”是some suggestions, “许多建议”是many suggestions。 例如：I"ll give you some advice, Mike; don"t try.迈克，我要给你些忠告，别去试。I made a few suggestions about how we could spend the afternoon.

some既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词.advice是不可数名词,这里,some advice是指一些建议.而我们通常说“他给了我一个（则）建议”,我们就不能说成a advice,而是a piece of advice,也因为advice是不可数名词...

1. 劝告,忠告[U][(+on/to/about)]I want your advice, sir. I don"t know what to do.先生,我需要您的指点。我不知该怎么办才好。2. 消息,报告[P1]Advices from abroad indicate that war is about to begin.来自国外的消息表明战争即将开始。3. 【商】通知[P1]

1、advice与suggestion是名词，两者的最大区别在于advice是不可数名词，表示“一条建议”用a piece of advice,“一些建议”是some advice；而suggestion则是可数名词，表示“一条建议”用a suggestion，“一些建议”是some suggestions, “许多建议”是many suggestions。 例如：I"ll give you some advice, Mike; don"t try.迈克，我要给你些忠告，别去试。I made a few suggestions about how we could spend the afternoon.我提了几条关于下午活动安排的建议。2、advise与suggest表示动作，是“向……建议”的意思，两者的区别是：advise后面加somebody (not)to do...,而suggest后面必须加somebody(或者somebody"s)doing...，当然两者都可以接宾语从句，注意宾语从句的动词形式必须是(should) (not) do...。如下面三个句子： a.I advise my father to stop smoking. b.I suggest my father( father"s) stopping smoking. c.I advise/suggest (that) my father (should) stop smoking. advise与suggest的另一个区别是：可以说suggest something to somebody，而advise一般不能接something作宾语。

advice 英[əd"vaɪs]美[əd"vaɪs]n. 建议；忠告；劝告；通知最常用的是意见的意思~希望可以帮到你~

advice to do和advice doing的区别为：指代不同、语法不同、侧重点不同。一、指代不同1、advice to do：建议做某事。2、advice doing：建议执行一件事。二、语法不同1、advice to do：advice是与advise同根的名词,指有业务专长或经验(可真可假)的人对某一行动提出的带指点或指教性的意见或劝告,如教师对学生的指教或医生对病人的劝告等,也指商业上关于交易等资料的通知(单)。2、advice doing：advice作“劝告”解时是抽象名词,不可数,表示数的概念时须借助表示单位的名词piece。advice作“消息,报导”解和在商业用语中作“通知单”解时是可数名词,且常用复数。三、侧重点不同1、advice to do：侧重于事情没有发生。2、advice doing：侧重于事情已经在发生了。

advice to do和advice doing的区别为：指代不同、语法不同、侧重点不同。一、指代不同1、advice to do：建议做某事。2、advice doing：建议执行一件事。二、语法不同1、advice to do：advice是与advise同根的名词,指有业务专长或经验(可真可假)的人对某一行动提出的带指点或指教性的意见或劝告,如教师对学生的指教或医生对病人的劝告等,也指商业上关于交易等资料的通知(单)。2、advice doing：advice作“劝告”解时是抽象名词,不可数,表示数的概念时须借助表示单位的名词piece。advice作“消息,报导”解和在商业用语中作“通知单”解时是可数名词,且常用复数。三、侧重点不同1、advice to do：侧重于事情没有发生。2、advice doing：侧重于事情已经在发生了。

建议中心，应该是咨询中心或者其他的热线之类的吧。

建议 是名词

advice和suggest的区别：1、advise后可以直接跟人称代词作宾语，如：advisesbtodosth；advisesbagainst(doing)sth；advisesb.on/aboutsth；而suggest后一般用suggesttosbthat…形式。2、suggest还有“暗示、表明、指出（一个事实）”的意思。此时从句中用陈述语气，不用虚拟语气。advice和suggest的区别：advice是正式的，还带有控制和命令的意味。suggestion比较私人，属于“仅供参考的”一类。advise与suggest相同点：两个动词都有“建议”之意，并且二者都可接+that–clause。1、Wewishtoadviseyouthatyounowowethebank$500。你现欠银行五百美元，特此通知。2、Isuggestedthatitwouldbequickertotravelbytrain。我建议说坐火车旅行要快一些。suggest含义：v.建议；提议；推荐；举荐；使想到；使认为；表明。advise含义：v.劝告；忠告；建议；出主意；提出建议；提供咨询；通知；正式告知。

shipping advice装运通知又称declaration of shipment或notice of shipment，系出口商向进口商发出货物已于某月某日或将于某月某日装运某船的通知。装运通知的作用在于方便买方购买保险或准备提货手续，其内容通常包括货名、装运数量、船名、装船日期、契约或信用证号码等。这项通知，大多以电报方式为之，然也有用航邮方式的。装运通知的作用在于方便买方投立保险、准备提货手续或转售；出口商作此项通知时，有时尚附上或另行寄上货运单据副本，以便进口商明了装货内容。若碰到货运单据正本迟到的情况，仍可及时办理担保提货(delivery against letter of guarantee)。

1、读音不同advice  发音： 英[ədˈvaɪs] ，美[əd"vaɪs] 。advise  发音 英[ədˈvaɪz] ，美[ædˈvaɪz] 。2、词性不同advice名词不可数 ，advise 动词。3、意思不同advicen.建议; 劝告，忠告; （商业） 通知; （政治，外交上的） 报导，报告。Don"t be afraid to ask for advice about ordering the meal.点餐时可以大胆征求意见。advisevt.（商业）通知，报告;提议，建议。vi.接受劝告，商量;建议，提供意见。The minister advised him to leave as soon as possible.部长建议他尽快离开。4、用法不同adviceadvice 为不可数名词，可用some, much, a little, a piece of等修饰。Let"s ask for his advice on what to do next.我们去征求一下他的意见下一步该怎么办。advise advise 之后不能直接跟不定式,但可接不定式的复合结构。He advised us to sell the house.他建议我们把房子卖了。

advice和suggestion在用法上的区别为:意思不同、用法不同、侧重点不同。advice意思：劝告;忠告;建议;意见。suggestion意思：建议;提议;使人作(尤其是不好的事情的)推测的理由;微量;些微;迹象。advice用法：advice作“劝告”解时是抽象名词，不可数，表示数的概念时须借助表示单位的名词piece。advice作“消息，报导”解和在商业用语中作“通知单”解时是可数名词，且常用复数。suggestion用法：suggestion的基本意思是“建议，提议”，可接that引导的同位语从句，从句中要用虚拟语气。suggestion还可作“细微的迹象”解，一般用作单数形式，常与介词of连用。1、针对的对象不同advice是针对某一行动提出的，suggestion针对某一问题,尤其是为解决困难或改进工作提出的2、价值不同由于advice一般是来自有识之士或经验之谈,所以多是有价值的，而suggestion则不一定正确、有价值。3、名词属性不同suggestion可以用作可数名词,如a suggestion一条意见,而advice却不可数,须说a piece of advice。4、语气不同suggestion的语气比advice委婉。

advice   英 [əd"vaɪs]   美 [ædˈvaɪs; əd"vaɪs]n. 建议（不可数名词）；忠告；劝告；通知例句：1.Don"t be afraid to ask for advice about ordering the meal.   别怕就点餐寻求建议。2.Take my advice and stay away from him!听我的忠告，离他远点！短语：debit advice 借记通知书 ; 借项通知单 ; 借项通知书 ; 付款报单remittance advice 汇款通知 ; 领款通知书 ; 汇款通知单 ; 汇款报信despatch advice 发运通知 ; 运出去报信 ; 发运告诉 ; 发运报信

名词，建议，意见

1.advices读作：艾迪外洗子 消息（advice的复数形式）；报道2.advice [əd"vais] 读作：艾迪外斯n. 建议；忠告；劝告；通知

建议

advice n. 忠告,建议,[商]通知 不可数 不能说 an advice 或some advices 通常说 a piece of advice

心安理得 心安神定 心安神泰 心谤腹非心比天高 心病难医 心不二用 心不两用心不应口 心不由己 心不由意 心不由主心花怒放

Mother"Day

1英尺=12×2.54=30.48厘米英寸，inch(in)，1英寸相当于2.54厘米；英尺，foot(ft)，1英尺等于12英寸，约相当于30.48厘米；码，yard(yd)，1码等于3英尺，约相当于0.9144米。

这是我从武汉大学网站上找来的Wuhan University is a key university directly under the administration of the Education Ministry of the People"s Republic of China. It is located in Hubei Province"s capital Wuhan known as "The thoroughfare leading to nine provinces". The university has rolling physical features with the scenic Luojia Hill in it and the beautiful East Lake by its side, seeming in picturesque disorder. Its campus is wooded and green, and has fragrant flowers everywhere all the year round, the buildings are in special architectural styles, magnificent and mansion-looking. For the above reasons, Wuhan University is widely known as one of the most beautiful universities in the world.The university dates back to Ziqiang Institute, which was founded in 1893 by Zhang Zhidong, governor of Hubei and Hunan Provinces in late Qing Dynasty after his memorial to the throne was approved by the Qing Government. Later, it changed its name several times before it was named National Wuhan University in July 1928. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Wuhan University moved to Leshan, Sichuan Province and returned to Luojia Hill after the victory of the war. By the end of 1946, the university had six colleges, i.e., the colleges of liberal arts, law, sciences, engineering, agriculture and medicine. Wuhan University had a glorious revolutionary tradition and enjoyed a very high academic status, with Wang Shijie, Wang Xinggong and Zhou Gengsheng as its successive presidents. Zhou Enlai, Dong Biwu, Chen Tanqiu, Deng Yingchao and Luo Ronghuan, et al. were once engaged one after another in revolutionary activities here, while a great number of well-known scholars like Gu Hongming, Zhu Kezhen, Wu Baoliang, Zha Qian, Gui Zhiting, Ye Yage, Li Siguang, Wen Yiduo, Huang Kan, Yu Dafu, Shen Congwen, Zhu Guangqian, Liu Ze, Liu Yongji, Ye Shengtao, Yang Duanliu and Li Jiannong taught here successively. In 1948, Oxford University of Britain wrote an official letter to the Ministry of Education of the Chinese National Government, confirming that bachelors of liberal arts and sciences graduated from Wuhan University and with average grades above 80 could enjoy "the senior status of Oxford".Since the founding of the People"s Republic of China, the Chinese Communist Party and the Government have attached great importance to Wuhan University. Mao Zedong, Ye Jianying, Peng Dehuai, Zhang Wentian, Lu Dingyi and others had inspectioned the university personally. In 1952, after a general reshuffle of the colleges and departments of the higher educational institutions throughout the country, Wuhan University became a key university of liberal arts and sciences directly under the administration of the Ministry of Higher Education. Professor Li Da, Delegate to the First Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and a celebrated philosopher, economist and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, held the post of president of the university for 14 years, during which the quality of teaching and the level of scientific research were further enhanced.Since the start of China"s reform and open policy, the university has achieved the -world"s-attention-attracting achievements through its courageous reforming, opening up, and advancing in every aspect.Approved by the State Council, was founded on August 2nd, 2000 the new Wuhan University----an amalgamation of the original Wuhan University, Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping, and Hubei Medical University. The new Wuhan University (named Wuhan University hereinafter) has a vast range of prospects of development because it is a combination of 4 first-rate universities in China or in the province(Three are China"s key universities of "211 Project", and one is key one of Hubei Province), whose favorable opportunities, terrain and the union arising from the fore out of Chinese universities and colleges. Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electrical Engineering was the country"s best university of comprehensive strength, Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping was the best university with the disciplines of survey and cartography in the world, Hubei Medical University was the province"s one key medical university as was established before 1949 and has kept developing until now.The university is a natural whole with the discipcins of philosophy, economics, law, education. Literature, history, sciences, engineering, agriculture, medicine and management, 45,000-odd students including 12,000-odd postgraduates. It has been authorized by the State Council to set up graduate schools,with 143 doctoral degrees and 217 master programs ,15 post doc circulation stations.Another 20 have been evaluated as state-level key disciplines, and 20 are listed as "211 Project" key discipline to be constructed by the State.The university now has 5,000-odd teachers, including 3,000-odd professes and associate professors, 570-odd doctorate supervisors, 4 academicians of chinese Academy of sciences,5 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, 2 academicians of the international Eurasian Academy of Sciences. The university has also 22 discipline offering "the Changjiang River program awarding scholars" for the posts of the special appointed professors.During the past 10 years, Wuhan University completed thousands of natural sciences research projects,among which many reached international advanced levels,many won various awards including 40-odd ministerial or provincial awards each year.Time and again,the university has been on the list of top ten University in China for patent application and SCI citation.Through making its scientific research achievements serve the country"s economic construction,the university has become a creation base uniting teaching,research and production.In the domain of social sciences and human studies,the university ever has its own traditional superiority with national, ministerial and provincial awards on the top among Chinese Universities. It twice got the 2nd place in the national appraisals of the excellent achievements in humanities and social sciences research in the years of 1995 and 1998. Recently a great number of achievements with even greater application value emerged,contributing a great deal to China"s economic construction and social progress.Wuhan University boasts a campus which covers an area of 5508 mu and it has a floorage of 2.42 million square metres. There are large modernized teaching buildings, laboratory buildings, gymnasiums, sports grounds, swimming pools, archive buildings, and a specimen building with more then 200,000 piees of valuable animal and plant specimens. The university"s libraries have a collection of approximately 5.2 million volumes, subscribe to more then 10,000 kinds of Chinese and foreign periodicals, are the central-China canter officially decided for the "211 Project" documents--ensuring system of the Chinese universities and colleges. It now has two key State-level laboratories,three State-level discipline laboratories, two State-level research centers in engineering, six national research bases for humanities and social sciences, and seven national bases for fostering basic science personnel. Over twenty academic periodicals, Wuhan University Journal included, are published by the university, which has its own presses including an audiovisual material publishing house, colleges of foreign students education and adult education, East Lake branch school, and three attached hospitals which are all of first-class according to the official standard.During the last ten years the university sent abroad thounds of members of different kinds under various programs, invited 300 hundred famous foreign scholars and political personages to be its part-time professors, honorary professors or guest professors, and established relations of academic cooperation and exchanges with 200-odd universities, colleges and scientific research institutions in more then 60 countries and regions.During the past 100-odd years after its founding, Wuhan University gradually developed a fine school spirit and study style of its own, i.e., "improve oneself, promote perseverance, seek truth and make innovations", emphasis is laid on actively meeting the needs of social development, incessantly reforming its pattern of personnel training and bringing up high-level professional talents of all-round development of morality, intelligence and physique. Since 1978, Wuhan University, bathed in the spring breeze of reform and opening-up, and with a view to fostering talents at a quicker pace and in greater number, has taken the lead among all the higher educational institutions nationwide in implementing the tutorial system and the systems of credit, major minor courses, double degrees and joining a class in the middle of the course, thus bringing up a great number of outstanding talents for the society. To encourage the students to stand out in their studies, the university has instituted the systems of graduating ahead of schedule and recommending master degree candidates and doctorate candidates without examination, and has put into practice the system of streaming graduate students at midterm. The university has founded 100-odd kinds of scholarships with a total value of 10 million-odd yuan awarding about 35 percent of the students. In its history of the past 100-odd years, the university has brought up for the country over 0.28 million specialized personnel of various kinds, who are playing or have played an important part in various domains and fronts, and many of whom have become the pillars of society.The university"s course over the past 100 years has been closely bound up with the prosperity and decline of the motherland. It always has regarded China"s rejuvenation as its own responsibility and has been making contributions to the prosperity of China and the progress of mankind. On the occasion of its centennial celebration in 1993, Jiang Zemin, Li Peng and other Party and State leaders presented their inscriptions of congratulations, while 47 colleges and universities aboard including Harvard University, Yale University, and Tokyo University as well as various fraternal colleges and universities at home either sent representatives to attend the celebration or sent us letter of congratulations. In November 1995, Wuhan University was listed as one of China"s most celebrated universities by Science, an authoritative periodical in the international scientific field. In the meantime, the university also successfully passed the preliminary qualification assessment for "211 Project" and was included in the priority project for the development of national key universities. In 1999, Wuhan University was fixed by the Chinese central authorities as a university whose heads enjoy the (same) position of a vice-minister of the State Council. On February 13th 2001, the Education Ministry and the Leadership of Hubei Province decided to make efforts jointly in order to build Wuhan University into a "high-level university well known both at home and abroad".Benefited from the brilliant achievements achieved during the past hundred years, the four universities" cream and the new favorable opportunities of development, and stimulated by the new challenge, Wuhan University is working hard for building a number of disciplines with the first-rate levels in the world, bring development in the relevant discipline circles of the world, achieving a large number of achievements in basic theoretical and high-technological studies, which are important, creative and even epoch-making, and fostering quite many personnel having high qualities and original ideas. By the year of 2010, it will be built into a high-level university well known both at home and abroad as well as a main force for vitalizing China and Hubei through science and education. On this basis, still greater efforts are to be make to raise the teaching, scientific research and every other work of the university to international advanced levels so that the university can enjoy high position and great prestige in the international academic circles before the middle twenty-first century when Wuhan University will be built into a first-rate university of the world.

英语在长期发展过程中受到不少语言的影响，吸收了众多语言的大量词汇，其中影响最大的几种当属拉丁语、德语、法语和斯堪的那维亚语。 据考证，英语形成于公元五世纪中叶。公元四四九年，来自北欧沿海地区的朱特人（Jutes）、盎格鲁人（Angles）和撒克逊人（Saxons）等三个部落。乘罗马帝国衰落之际，入侵不列颠岛，并战胜了当地的凯尔特人（Celts）。这三个部落的人说着三种不同的、但是能够互相听懂的方言，稍后这三种方言汇合成古英语。England这个名字来自古英语Engla-land(意思为land of the Angles，盎格鲁人的国土)，而English这个词（古英语拼为Englisc）则指的是“盎格鲁人的语言”。 他们带来的文字称为茹尼克（Runic）,这种文字来源于被认为是一种“秘符”的鲁纳（Rune）字母，它是日耳曼语言的最早的字母，由许多直线组成，以便刻在木头或石块上。后来只有个别的字母保留下来，而且只用在音标中，如δ、θ，它们都代表th音（如with,bath）。据说这种字母的发明归功于斯堪的那维亚半岛神话中的最高之神奥丁(Odin)。 斯堪的那维亚地区现广义上指欧洲北部五个国家（丹麦、瑞典、挪威、芬兰、冰岛），当时仅指丹麦、挪威和瑞典。历史上他们是海盗(Vikings)国家，英国人把他们统称为丹麦人（Danes）。公元八世纪开始，他们日渐强大起来，历史上名为“北欧海盗勃发（Viking Outburst）”。在他们中间，丹麦曾一度最为强大。他们曾和朱特人（原先居住在今天丹麦的日德兰半岛Jylland/Jutland）、盎格鲁人、撒克逊人是近邻，有密切的亲属关系，所以他们的入侵在语言上不存在太大的问题。斯堪的那维亚语称为古诺斯语（Old Norse），又称北日耳曼语（North Germanic）。斯堪的那维亚在北日耳曼语中就是黑暗之国的意思（因其冬季有漫漫长夜）。 公元八至九世纪，英国遭到来自斯堪的那维亚海盗的侵袭(Scandinavian Invasion)，其中尤以丹麦人为甚。他们给英国人带来了劫难。继而斯堪的那维亚人大规模入侵英国北部。九世纪末，入侵者占了整个英国的东半部。他们还越过大西洋到达美洲。这次入侵分为三个阶段，到十一世纪初，丹麦国王卡纽特（Cnut或作Canute）宣布兼任英国国王(King of All England)，英国成为丹麦帝国的一部分。卡纽特从英国首都统治着斯堪的那维亚大部分地区，其势力达到了顶峰，现今爱尔兰的首都都柏林就是他们建立起来的。丹麦和英国的这种关系在莎士比亚戏剧《哈姆雷特》中有反映。卡纽特国王统治英国近二十年，于公元一○三五年去世，这之后，丹麦人对英国的入侵和占领才慢慢结束。余下的斯堪的那维亚人与当地人和平共处，大约在一○五○至一一五○年间，受到当地人完全同化(amalgamation)，与当地居民一起构成了英吉利人。 这次入侵对英国和英语是一个不可忽视的因素，对英吉利民族的性格产生了深远的影响。斯堪的那维亚人富有自由色彩，重视权利观念，特别是丹麦人，他们是富有活力的个人主义者，其勇于获胜的高傲武士血统和不列颠岛上英格兰土著民族结合起来，给这个民族增加了一种活泼强悍、追求自由的特征。他们长期的海上生活，善于适应各种不同的环境，形成了一种四海为家的秉性。这些以及他们强烈的个人主义性格为英国人自由放任的品行和日后民族特性的形成添上了有力的一笔。 这次入侵还影响了英国的计数法，后来在英国出现的十二进位制就是斯堪的那维亚人传授的，所以有了一英尺等于十二英寸，一先令等于十二便士，连法庭的陪审团也是由十二人组成。 随着斯堪的那维亚人进入英国，他们的语言也随之而来（这里的所谓斯堪的那维亚语，具体地说便是古北欧时代的挪威语和丹麦语）。最早进入古英语词汇的斯堪的那维亚语应是在地名和人名的范围，目前英国北部即苏格兰地区不少地名都包含着斯堪的那维亚语的成分，如：带有词尾-by(farm,town),-thorp(village),thwaite(an isolated piece of land)以及-toft(a piece of ground,messuage)的地名，据统计，共有一千四百多个地名带有这些词尾。在人名方面，带有词尾-son的人名就来自斯堪的那维亚语，如Jackson,Thompson,Stevenson,Johnson等。 此外，古英语从斯堪的那维亚语中借用和吸收了众多的日常用语和基本词汇。据说第一个进入英语的斯堪的那维亚语词为call，这个词初次出现在当时英国爱国主义诗篇《马尔登之战》（The Battle of Maldon）。其余最早进入的主要是关于军事、法律之类，如law，outlaw,husband（这个词原为“户主、住户”的意思）,weapon等, 有些后来没有流传下来。这以后大量的日常生活词汇渐渐进入，如knife,root,skin,wrong,thrall,die,hit,take,sky,skin,skill,scrape,scrub,bask,whisk等，而且这些词汇几乎都是由口头传播到书面的。 一个很有趣的特点是，由于斯堪的那维亚人和在英国的盎格鲁-撒克逊人原是近邻，他们都是日耳曼族的分支，语言上十分接近，属于同根，同根的语言导致彼此语言防线的崩溃，结果是语言的融合和简化。当时，在英格兰，一个来自南部的人和一个来自东北部的人交流，他们可能听得懂对方话语的主要内容，但却听不懂语法部分。这样由于交流的需要，渐渐地语法作用便弱化下去，语法结构有了改变，越来越简化。古英语不少基本词汇与斯堪的那维亚语呈现同一形式，如man,wife,father,mother,house,can,bring,see,full,well,over,under,till等；有些斯堪的那维亚语词取代了与其同义的古英语单词，如sister取代了swoestor，window取代了eagpyrel，sky取代了wolcen。sk是斯堪的那维亚语特有的音，在与古英语词中相同的音sh的竞争中，它取得了并驾齐驱的地位。在现代英语中，我们常可以看到下面几对词，如skirt（裙子）/shirt（衬衫）、scatter（散布）/shatter（粉碎）、skip（跳）/shift（移动）。这几对词原先意思应是一样，随着时间推移，意思才不同。在现代英语中，我们还可看到一些斯堪的那维亚语词和英语词并用，如raise（饲养）和rear、ill（病）和sick、bask（洗澡）和bathe、skill（技巧）和craft、skin（皮）和hide、anger（愤怒）和wrath。 到了公元十一至十二世纪，在英国的斯堪的那维亚人完全被英国人同化，这期间，更多的斯堪的那维亚语词汇被吸收到英语词汇中，如名词有anger,bloom,bond,boon,booth,bull,cake,fellow,guest,haven,leg,loan,race,skill,skirt,twin,wand, want等；形容词有awkward,big,ill,meek,sly,ugly等；动词有bask,cast,gape,hail,happen,kindle,raise,ransack,scare,thrive,waive,seem等。 有些词在古英语中流传下来，但它们采用了斯堪的那维亚语的形式或借用了它们的意义，如awe,loose,sister,get,give,Thursday。英语中bread原为“块、片”的意思，从斯堪的那维亚语借用了“面包”之意；dream原为“欢乐”，借用了“梦”；earl原为“战士”，借用了“伯爵”；dwell原为 “迷路”，借用了“居住”；bloom原为“一锭铁”，借用了“花”。 还有些古英语单词在斯堪的那维亚语的影响下进行了换位（metathesis），如ask原作aks；bird原作brid；clasp原作claps等。 一般情况下，一种语言从另一种语言借用的词汇，往往限于实词（如名词、形容词、动词等），而不借用虚词（如代词、介词、连词、助动词等）。但英语与斯堪的那维亚语的亲密关系就表现在前者向后者借用了不少虚词，如are,both,same,though,at,fro,till,they,their,them,shall,will等。 许多斯堪的那维亚语进入或代替原英语词汇并不是一朝一夕完成的，如they,their,them。they从十世纪末就以原始形式进入了古英语，但直到十三世纪才在英国中东部通用，到了十四世纪，伦敦的语言里才只有they这一个形式。them和their也是直到十五六世纪才站住脚。到了十七世纪，they,them,their才算是全部为英语所接受。 据统计，在现代英语中，大约有一千八百多个词汇来自于斯堪的那维亚语，方言中就更多了。在诺曼底人征服英国之后，当地一些本族语民间作家为了抵御法语的侵蚀，他们所写的作品里充满着从斯堪的那维亚语来的借词。在早期中古英语文学作品中，斯堪的那维亚语借词的数量大大超过法语借词的数量。在苏格兰某些地区，斯堪的那维亚语一直流传使用到十七世纪。 从以上列举可看出，斯堪的那维亚语对英语的形成和发展产生了很大的影响。 首先，它直接影响了英语的基本词汇和日常用语，丹麦语言学家，世界公认英语权威叶斯柏森（Otto Jespersen）在其著作《英语的成长和结构》（The Growth and Structure of the English Language）一书中写道：An Englishman cannot thrive or be ill or die without Scandinavian words;they are to the language what bread and eggs are to the daily fare.在这一句中就有五个常用词（thrive,ill,die,bread,egg）来自斯堪的那维亚语。此例可见它对英语的渗透之深。对于英语和斯堪的那维亚语的关系，叶斯柏森曾说过：“英语和斯堪的那维亚语有一种更微妙的、更密切的混杂，就像把一块糖放在一杯茶水中一样，几分钟后，就很难说哪是茶，哪是糖了。” 第二，它使英语从此更加呈现开放性，促进了古英语向中古英语的转化。这次入侵是古英语形成后英国遭受的第一次入侵，此时英语尚未定型，词汇极其有限。斯堪的那维亚语的影响使英语具有兼并性和包容性，词汇上呈现灵活性，为以后大量吸收和借用外来语在语言结构上打下了基础。 第三，它不但丰富了英语词汇，还对英语结构、语法和句法产生了相当大的影响,使其更具稳定性。如单数第三人称动词后加s，助动词to be中的are和词尾变化开始减少等就是受到斯堪的那维亚语的影响。同时它还促成了古英语曲折现象的逐渐减少和简化，使古英语在从综合性语言向分析性语言的发展中大大跨进了一步。它使得英语中性、数、格的变化大为简化，它还使得英语句子中词序位置比较确定，成为欧洲语言里最依赖词序的一种语言，而古英语受拉丁文影响，其词序比较自由。这个正常词序的建立是英语句法上的最重要的发展之一，从此英语的词序完全符合人们思维的自然、逻辑顺序。所以英语发展到今天，其词序与汉语词序相当类似，语法发生简化，词形变化最少，中国人学英语不必像学欧洲其他语言那样，花很多精力去注意词序。 现代英语关系从句中一些关系代词（如that）的省略，特别在美国英语中，就是受到移入到美国的丹麦人的影响。在十九世纪最后十年，有超过一百万斯堪的那维亚移民进入美国，几乎占到挪威、瑞典两国总人口的五分之一。根据不完全统计，在一八六○年到一九二○年间，进入美国的斯堪的那维亚移民有二百一十万。当时有个来自斯堪的那维亚语的单词的使用，几年前在美国还曾引起一场官司。戴卫·霍华德是当时华盛顿市长安东尼·威廉姆斯的一位助手，在一次市府例会上他做财政预算报告时用了单词niggardly。当时，华盛顿市居民一半以上为黑人，他们对城市公共福利很有怨言。霍华德用这个词的本义是：预算时应小气一些。可在场的官员，尤其是黑人官员，提出抗议，说他不应该使用这个单词，因该词与nigger相近，容易引起种族问题。结果霍华德遭到起诉，不得不辞职。Niggardly这个词就来源于斯堪的那维亚语，意思是小气的、吝啬的。 这之后英语也受到其他语言的影响，但主要是在词汇和习语方面，语法和句法结构没有受到很大影响，没有引起什么显著变化。最后一句乃总结句。。

心安理得谓事情做得合理，心里很坦然心谤腹非口里不说，心里谴责。谓暗地里反对。语本《史记·魏其武安侯列传》：“魏其、灌夫日夜招聚天下豪桀壮士与论议，腹诽而心谤。”心不两用谓一个人的心思一时只能专注于一事心不应口心里想的和嘴里说的不一致。谓为人虚伪心不由意谓不出于本意心不在焉心思不在这里。形容思想不集中心长发短《左传·昭公三年》：“齐侯田於莒，卢蒲嫳见，泣且请曰：‘余发如此种种，余奚能为？"公曰：‘诺。吾告二子。"归而告之。子尾欲复之，子雅不可，曰：‘彼其发短而心甚长，其或寝处我矣。"”本谓年虽老却工于心计；后亦谓因年老而力不从心心长绠短喻力不从心心驰神往见“心往神驰”心驰魏阙见“心在魏阙”心慈面软心地慈和，拉不下脸面心慈手软心怀恻隐而不忍下手心粗气浮形容性情浮躁心存目想谓凝目注视，用心思索心胆俱裂形容极其悲愤或恐惧心胆俱碎见“心胆俱裂”心荡神迷见“心荡神摇”心荡神摇谓神魂颠倒，不能自持。亦谓情思被外物吸引而飘飘然心荡神怡见“心荡神摇”心到神知本谓诚心敬神不必多事繁琐之礼。后喻对人尊敬，重在心意，不必当面表示或在口头上说出心低意沮情绪消极低沉心烦虑乱同“心烦意乱”心烦意乱心情烦躁，思绪杂乱心烦意冗同“心烦意乱”心非巷议心里不满，而在私下议论。语出《史记·秦始皇本纪》：“入则心非，出则巷议。”心服口服心口如一地信服。语本《庄子·寓言》：“利义陈乎前，而好恶是非直服人之口而已矣。使人乃以心服，而不敢蘁立，定天下之定。”心服首肯谓心里信服，并点头同意心浮气粗见“心粗气浮”心浮气盛形容性格浮躁，态度傲慢心腹大患见“心腹重患”心腹之病同“心腹之疾”心腹之患同“心腹之疾”心腹之疾指体内致命的疾病。比喻严重的隐患心腹之交知心朋友心腹之忧犹心腹之疾心腹重患指严重隐患或要害部门的大患心甘情原非常愿意，没有丝毫勉强心高气傲心气高傲，谓要强好胜而自视不凡心孤意怯谓心虚而胆气不壮心贯白日谓心地与太阳一般光明。极喻坦诚，磊落心广体胖心中坦然，身体舒泰心广体胖指心情舒畅安逸，因而身体发胖心广体胖心中坦然，身体舒泰心广体胖指心情舒畅安逸，因而身体发胖心寒胆落同“心寒胆战”心寒胆战形容十分惊恐心狠手毒犹言心狠手辣心狠手辣心肠凶狠，手段毒辣心花怒发犹心花怒放心花怒放①比喻心情极其舒畅、愉快。②形容文思迸发心怀鬼胎心里藏着不可告人的事或坏主意心怀叵测居心不可猜测；居心不良心慌撩乱心里慌张忙乱，心绪混乱心慌意急同“心慌意乱”心慌意乱内心惊慌，思绪紊乱心灰意败犹心灰意懒心灰意懒灰心丧气，意志消沉心灰意冷犹心灰意懒心回意转改变原来的想法和态度心急火燎心里急得像火烧一样。形容心情十分焦急心急如焚形容极为焦急心焦火燎心里急得像火烧着一样。形容十分焦急心焦如焚心里焦躁，像着了火一样。形容心情焦灼难忍心惊胆颤见“心惊胆战”心惊胆寒同“心惊胆战”心惊胆裂同“心惊胆战”心惊胆落同“心惊胆战”心惊胆战形容极度惊恐心惊肉跳形容心神恐惧不安心惊肉战见“心惊肉跳”心开目明犹心明眼亮心口不一心里想的和嘴上说的不一样心口如一想的和说的相同。形容为人诚实爽直心口相应想的与说的相一致心宽体胖见“心广体胖”心旷神飞犹言心境愉悦，飘飘欲仙心旷神恬同“心旷神怡”心旷神怡心境开旷，精神愉悦心旷神愉同“心旷神怡”心辣手狠见“心狠手辣”心劳日拙谓费尽心机，反而越来越糟。多用作贬词心劳意攘犹心慌意乱心劳意冗同“心劳意攘”心力交瘁精神和体力都极为劳累心力衰竭也称充血性心力衰竭或心功能不全。心脏因疾病、过劳、排血功能减弱，以至排血量不能满足器官及组织代谢的需要。主要症状是呼吸困难、喘息、水肿等心灵手巧头脑灵活，双手灵巧心灵性巧心思灵巧心领神会内心深刻地领会心领神悟见“心领神会”心领意会见“心领神会”心乱如麻心情烦乱，像乱麻似的没有头绪心满意得心中满足，洋洋得意心满意足称心如意，十分满足心满原足见“心满意足”心忙意急犹心慌意乱心忙意乱犹心慌意乱心明眼亮头脑清醒，目光犀利心摹手追用心揣摩，追随仿效心慕手追心中仰慕而追随仿效心凝形释精神专注，达到忘形的境界心平气定心气平定，没有杂念心平气和①心情不急躁，态度温和。②谓身心安宁心乔意怯谓心神不定，感到害怕心巧嘴乖心思灵巧，能说会道心如刀锉犹心如刀割心如刀割比喻伤心痛苦之极心如刀绞犹心如刀割心如刀搅犹心如刀割心如刀锯犹心如刀割心如槁木犹心若死灰心如古井形容心境十分平静或一点也不动情。语本唐孟郊《烈女操》诗：“波澜誓不起，妾心古井水。”心如寒灰见“心若死灰”心如金石犹心如铁石心如死灰见“心若死灰”心如铁石形容意志坚定，忠贞不渝心如止水心里平静得像不动的水一样。形容坚持信念，不受外界影响心若死灰形容不为外物所动的一种精神状态。现多用以形容灰心失意心上心下形容心神不安心神不定精神状态不安定心神不宁见“心神不定”心神恍惚精神不安宁心手相忘极言得心应手心手相应谓技艺熟练，随心所欲心术不端心地不正派；居心不良心术不正见“心术不端”心头鹿撞见“心头撞鹿”心头撞鹿心里像有小鹿在撞击。形容惊慌或激动时心跳剧烈心往神驰谓一心向往心无二用见“心不两用”心细如发亦作“心细於发”。极言小心谨慎，考虑周密心细於发见“心细如发”心乡往之对某人或某些事物心里很仰慕心向往之见“心乡往之”心心念念犹一心一意；念念不忘心心相印①佛教禅宗语。谓不依赖言语，以心互相印证。语本《黄�山断际禅师传心法要》：“自如来付法迦叶已来，以心印心，心心不异。”②谓心意非常投合心雄万夫形容极有抱负，气概不凡心绪如麻犹心乱如麻心血来潮旧谓神仙心中对某人或某事突然发生感应而有所知晓。后亦指突然产生某种念头心怡神旷同“心旷神怡”心逸日休谓不费心机，反而越来越好心慵意懒情思倦怠，精神萎靡心有灵犀一点通喻恋爱双方心心相印。现常用以喻彼此心意相通。灵犀，旧说犀牛是一种灵兽，角中有白纹如线，贯通两端，感应灵异，故称心有馀而力不足心里很想做，可是力量不够心有馀悸事过以后，心里还感到恐惧心猿意马比喻人的心思流荡散乱，如猿马之难以控制。亦指这种流荡散乱难以控制的心神心悦诚服真心诚意的服从或佩服。语出《孟子·公孙丑上》：“以力服人者，非心服也，力不赡也；以德服人者，中心悦而诚服也，如七十子之服孔子也。”心悦神怡犹心旷神怡心殒胆落形容十分惊恐心殒胆破见“心殒胆落”心在魏阙《庄子·让王》：“身在江海之上，心居乎魏阙之下。”谓臣民心在朝廷，关心国事。魏阙，古代天子和诸侯宫外的楼观，其下悬布法令，因以代称朝廷心瞻魏阙见“心在魏阙”心照不宣心里明白，不说出来心照情交见“心照神交”心照神交谓彼此思想相通，情投意合心织笔耕唐冯贽《云仙杂记》卷九：“《翰林盛事》云：‘王勃所至，请讬为文，金帛丰积，人谓心织笔耕。"”本谓为人撰文获得一定报酬，后亦以指卖文为生。参阅唐李肇《翰林志》心直口快形容性情直爽，有话就说心直嘴快见“心直口快”心中有数谓对于事情心里有大概的了解或处理起来有一定的把握心拙口夯谓心思笨拙，不善言谈。夯，同“笨”心醉魂迷形容极其迷恋心醉神迷见“心醉魂迷”

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