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il est C‘est 问题

2023-06-08 09:18:53
TAG: est
共2条回复
贝贝

因为ce是代词,有所替代,先说il est 再说c"est是可以表明ce代指il

但是如果反过来,由于前文没有提到,突然地一个ce,会让人不知道代指什么。。

这点法语和汉语一样,都要由前文提到,后文才能用代词代替,否则代词无意义~~

望采纳~~

okok云

先泛指再特指

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2023-06-07 21:46:061

怎么看asterisk启动加载了哪些模块

一、找出内置模块列表要得到内置模块列表,运行下面的命令。$cat/lib/modules/$(uname-r)/modules.builtin你也可以用下面的命令来查看有哪些内置模块:二、找出内置模块参数每个内核模块无论是内置的还是可加载的都有一系列的参数。
2023-06-07 21:46:121

求一首歌名

《小幸运》 田馥甄 词:徐世珍/吴辉福 曲:JerryC我听见雨滴落在青青草地我听见远方下课钟声响起可是我没有听见你的声音认真 呼唤我姓名爱上你的时候还不懂感情离别了才觉得刻骨 铭心为什么没有发现遇见了你是生命最好的事情也许当时忙着微笑和哭泣忙着追逐天空中的流星人理所当然的忘记是谁风里雨里一直默默守护在原地原来你是我最想留住的幸运原来我们和爱情曾经靠得那么近那为我对抗世界的决定那陪我淋的雨一幕幕都是你 一尘不染的真心与你相遇 好幸运可我已失去为你泪流满面的权利但愿在我看不到的天际你张开了双翼遇见你的注定 (oh--)她会有多幸运青春是段跌跌撞撞的旅行拥有着后知后觉的美丽来不及感谢是你给我勇气让我能做回我自己也许当时忙着微笑和哭泣忙着追逐天空中的流星人理所当然的忘记是谁风里雨里一直默默守护在原地原来你是我最想留住的幸运原来我们和爱情曾经靠得那么近那为我对抗世界的决定那陪我淋的雨一幕幕都是你 一尘不染的真心与你相遇 好幸运可我已失去为你泪流满面的权利但愿在我看不到的天际你张开了双翼遇见你的注定 (oh--)她会有多幸运
2023-06-07 21:46:132

德国有哪些城市呀?

柏林。汉堡。法兰克福。德国行政区划分为联邦、州、地区三级,共有16个州、13552个乡镇,14808个地区。16个州的名称是:巴登-符腾堡(Baden-Württemberg,首府斯图加特,Stuttgart)、巴伐利亚(Bavaria,又名拜恩,Bayern,首府慕尼黑,München)、柏林(Berlin)、勃兰登堡(Brandenburg,首府波茨坦,Potsdam)、不来梅(Bremen)、汉堡(Hamburg)、黑森(Hessen,首府威斯巴登,Wiesbaden)、梅克伦堡-前波莫瑞(Mecklenburg-Vorpommern,首府什未林,Schwerin)、下萨克森(Niedersachsen,首府汉诺威,Hannover)、北莱茵-威斯特法伦(Nordrhein-Westfalen,首府杜塞尔多夫,Düsseldorf)、莱茵兰-普法尔茨(Rheinland-Pfalz,首府美因茨,Mainz)、萨尔(Saarland,首府萨尔布吕肯,Saarbrücken)、萨克森(Sachsen,首府德累斯顿,Dresden)、萨克森-安哈尔特(Sachsen-Anhalt,首府马格德堡,Magdeburg)、石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因(Schleswig-Holstein,首府基尔,Kiel)和图林根(Thüringen,首府埃尔富特,Erfurt)。其中柏林、不来梅和汉堡是联邦州级市。
2023-06-07 21:46:132

关于犬夜叉的剧情和人物的英文简介

http://baike.baidu.com/view/7194.htm
2023-06-07 21:46:215

Asterisk怎样实现通话录音

Monitor():用于记录通话过程中录音的功能。语法:Monitor(ext,basename,flags)ext: 用于指定改录音文件的格式,默认的将是wav文件basename: 该录音文件的文件名flags : 。。。。。。。。。。。。实例一:复制代码exten => _x.,1,Answer()exten => _x.,n,Wait(1)exten => _x.,n,Monitor(wav,asterisk-help)exten => _x.,n,Dial(SIP/${EXTEN})exten => _x.,n,Hangup()当呼分机后,将在 “/var/spool/asterisk/monitor”目录下生成 "asterisk-help-in.wav"和"asterisk-help-out.wav"两个文件实例二:指定录音路径 复制代码exten => _x.,1,Answer()exten => _x.,n,Wait(1)exten => _x.,n,Monitor(wav,/root/asterisk-help) ;这里还可以指定到录音到/root目录下exten => _x.,n,Dial(SIP/${EXTEN})exten => _x.,n,Hangup()
2023-06-07 21:46:351

如何在CentOS Linux下安装ASTERISK和FreePBX

下面给出在linux 上安装Asterisk,FreePBX的基本步骤。1. 首先是更新系统(可选)在命令行中输入sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get upgrade2. 安装LAMP (Apache2+MySQL+PHP)在命令行输入sudo tasksel选择 LAMP Server3. 添加额外的PHP 软件包sudo apt-get install php5-gd php-pear php-db sox curl4. 安装phpmyadmin (可选)sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin5. 安装asterisksudo apt-get install asterisk asterisk-mysql asterisk-mp36. 安装Freepbx准备工作在安装Freepbx我们先要想好将Freepbx 安装在哪个目录下,FreePBX 为asterisk 的Web管理应用,可以帮助用户配置Asterisk等。1) Ubuntu 的Web根目录为/var/www, 因此我们可以把FreePBX安装到/var/www/freepbx 目录下,为便于管理,创建三个子目录conf 设置文件log 存放日志public WEB应用。sudo mkdir /var/www/freepbx/sudo mkdir /var/www/freepbx/confsudo mkdir /var/www/freepbx/logsudo mkdir /var/www/freepbx/public2) 创建设置文件 /var/www/freepbx/conf/vhost.confsudo vim /var/www/freepbx/conf/vhost.conf输入以下内容<VirtualHost *:80>ServerName freepbxServerAlias freepbxServerAdmin james.shen@guidebee.comErrorLog /var/www/freepbx/log/error.logCustomLog /var/www/freepbx/log/access.log combinedDocumentRoot /var/www/freepbx/public<Directory /var/www/freepbx/public>Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViewsOrder allow,denyAllowOverride AllAllow from all</Directory><Directory /var/www/freepbx/public/admin>AuthType BasicAuthName "Restricted Area"AuthUserFile freepbx-passwdRequire user admin</Directory></VirtualHost>修改 ServerAdmin 到你自己的Email地址。3) 将vhost 添加到 Apache的sites-enabled目录下sudo ln -s /var/www/freepbx/conf/vhost.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/freepbxcd /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/sudo ln -s ../sites-available/freepbx4) 创建 用户和密码来验证合法用户可以来配置FreePBX (有权限访问该网页)sudo htpasswd -c /etc/apache2/freepbx-passwd admin5) 重启Apachesudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart有了这些准备工作后,就可以开始安装FreePBX了7. 安装FreePBX1) 下载FreePBX安装包cd /tmp
2023-06-07 21:46:421

电话上的井号(#)和星号(*)在英文中分别怎么说

星号是Star Key井号是 Hash Key
2023-06-07 21:45:352

Kafka还是RabbitMQ?

现在的系统已经离不开消息队列,我们可以用他做异步,做解耦,做流处理,做可靠传输。市面上的消息队列也有很多,比如阿里云的oss,RocketMQ,ZeroMQ,RabbitMQ,Kafka等,甚至Java中的List也可以称为一个简单的消息队列,种类如此繁多,我们该如何选择呢?现在主流的消息队列可以分为两类,一类以kafka为代表,一类以RabbitMQ为代表,二者有很多相似的地方,也都有各自的优势。 那我们平时构建系统的时候,该选择哪种消息队列呢?这里我们将RbbitMQ与kafka做一下对比(因为他们都是spring默认集成的消息队列),以便于我们做出最优的选择。 RabbitMQ:关于rabbit的详细介绍这里不说,感兴趣的可以看我之前的文章,一句话rabbit作为传统意义上的消息队列,基于AMQP协议开发,倾向于做按各种规则的消息转发。 Kafka:关于kafka的详细介绍会在以后的文章里写,因为刚开始用,想深入了解后再写出来。kafka更倾向于一个流式管道的概念,消息从一处流向另一处,吞吐量比rabbit更高。 接下来通过俩张图来理解他俩的设计与区别。 首先来看rabbit,他通过broker来进行统一调配消息去向,生产者通过指定的规则将消息发送到broker,broker再按照规则发送给消费者进行消费,消费者方可以选择消费方式为pull或者是broker主动push,支持的消费模式也有多种,点对点,广播,正则匹配等。 Kafka主要为高吞吐量的订阅发布系统而设计,主要追求速度与持久化。kafka中的消息由键、值、时间戳组成,kafka不记录每个消息被谁使用,只通过偏移量记录哪些消息是未读的,kafka中可以指定消费组来实现订阅发布的功能。 了解了二者大体的区别以后,我们再来看具体的适用场景。 Kafka: 1.从A系统到B系统的消息没有复杂的传递规则,并且具有较高的吞吐量要求。 2.需要访问消息的历史记录的场景,因为kafak是持久化消息的,所以可以通过偏移量访问到那些已经被消费的消息(前提是磁盘空间足够,kafka没有将日志文件删除) 3.流处理的场景。处理源源不断的流式消息,比较典型的是日志的例子,将系统中源源不断生成的日志发送到kafka中。 rabbit: 1.需要对消息进行更加细粒度的控制,包括一些可靠性方面的特性,比如死信队列。 2.需要多种消费模式(点对点,广播,订阅发布等) 3.消息需要通过复杂的路由到消费者。 最后是关于性能方面,众所周知,kafka的吞吐量优于rabbit,大约是100k/sec,而rabbit大约是20k/sec,但是这个不应该成为我们选择的主要原因,因为性能方面的瓶颈都是可以通过集群方案来解决的。 最后要说的是,没有最好的队列,只有最合适的队列。 参考:Understanding When to use RabbitMQ or Apache Kafka
2023-06-07 21:45:351

d开头的英文名字

D开头的英文名有Devere (德维尔)、Deonte (德翁特)、Daquan (达坎)、Deneen (对Deneen)、Daphene (达芬妮)、Dory (多莉)、Dresden (关于德累斯顿)等等。一、姓者姓者,统其祖考之所自出;氏者,别其子孙之所自分;“姓氏者,标示家族血缘之符号也”。据研究,中华古姓来源于图腾崇拜,系氏族徽号或标志。中华古姓的最初来源,是基于“天道”的原始宗教崇拜、图腾崇拜与祖先崇拜。原始图腾崇拜是中华古姓的根源。大量古代文献佐证了这一观点。二、分类姓指先秦时代的姓,其中姬、姜、姒、嬴、妘、妫、姚、姞被称为上古八大姓。此外还有风、子、己、祁等姓氏。在先秦文献中没有姓氏之别的规定,姓氏之别是后世才有的理论。以前有人往往既有姓又有氏,一个姓往往有多个派生姓氏,如姬姓的派生姓氏就有周姓、吴姓、郑姓、王姓、鲁姓、曹姓、魏姓等411个姓。所以氏的数量实际远远大于姓的数量。三、命名以姓为氏。姓作为氏族公社时期氏族部落的标志符号而产生,其后人有的便直接承袭为氏。母系氏族社会以母亲为姓,所以那时许多姓都是女字旁。
2023-06-07 21:45:301

消息队列核心原理

消息队列已经逐渐成为分布式应用场景、内部通信、以及秒杀等高并发业务场景的核心手段,它具有低耦合、可靠投递、广播、流量控制、最终一致性 等一系列功能。 无论是 RabbitMQ、RocketMQ、ActiveMQ、Kafka还是其它等,都有的一些基本原理、术语、机制等,总结分享出来,希望大家在使用消息队列技术的时候能够快速理解。 1.消息生产者Producer:发送消息到消息队列。 2.消息消费者Consumer:从消息队列接收消息。 3.Broker:概念来自与Apache ActiveMQ,指MQ的服务端,帮你把消息从发送端传送到接收端。 4.消息队列Queue:一个先进先出的消息存储区域。消息按照顺序发送接收,一旦消息被消费处理,该消息将从队列中删除。 1)消息的转储:在更合适的时间点投递,或者通过一系列手段辅助消息最终能送达消费机。 2)规范一种范式和通用的模式,以满足解耦、最终一致性、错峰等需求。 3)其实简单理解就是一个消息转发器,把一次RPC做成两次RPC。发送者把消息投递到broker,broker再将消息转发一手到接收端。 总结起来就是两次RPC加一次转储,如果要做消费确认,则是三次RPC。 点对点模型 用于 消息生产者 和 消息消费者 之间 点到点 的通信。 点对点模式包含三个角色: 发布订阅模型包含三个角色: 生产者发送一条消息到队列queue,只有一个消费者能收到。 发布者发送到topic的消息,只有订阅了topic的订阅者才会收到消息。 基于Queue消息模型,利用FIFO先进先出的特性,可以保证消息的顺序性。 即消息的Ackownledge确认机制,为了保证消息不丢失,消息队列提供了消息Acknowledge机制,即ACK机制,当Consumer确认消息已经被消费处理,发送一个ACK给消息队列,此时消息队列便可以删除这个消息了。如果Consumer宕机/关闭,没有发送ACK,消息队列将认为这个消息没有被处理,会将这个消息重新发送给其他的Consumer重新消费处理。 主要是用“记录”和“补偿”的方式。 1.本地事务维护业务变化和通知消息,一起落地,然后RPC到达broker,在broker成功落地后,RPC返回成功,本地消息可以删除。否则本地消息一直靠定时任务轮询不断重发,这样就保证了消息可靠落地broker。 2.broker往consumer发送消息的过程类似,一直发送消息,直到consumer发送消费成功确认。 3.我们先不理会重复消息的问题,通过两次消息落地加补偿,下游是一定可以收到消息的。然后依赖状态机版本号等方式做判重,更新自己的业务,就实现了最终一致性。 4.如果出现消费方处理过慢消费不过来,要允许消费方主动ack error,并可以与broker约定下次投递的时间。 5.对于broker投递到consumer的消息,由于不确定丢失是在业务处理过程中还是消息发送丢失的情况下,有必要记录下投递的IP地址。决定重发之前询问这个IP,消息处理成功了吗?如果询问无果,再重发。 6.事务:本地事务,本地落地,补偿发送。本地事务做的,是业务落地和消息落地的事务,而不是业务落地和RPC成功的事务。消息只要成功落地,很大程度上就没有丢失的风险。 消息的收发处理支持事务,例如:在任务中心场景中,一次处理可能涉及多个消息的接收、处理,这应该处于同一个事务范围内,如果一个消息处理失败,事务回滚,消息重新回到队列中。 消息的持久化,对于一些关键的核心业务来说是非常重要的,启用消息持久化后,消息队列宕机重启后,消息可以从持久化存储恢复,消息不丢失,可以继续消费处理。 在实际生产环境中,使用单个实例的消息队列服务,如果遇到宕机、重启等系统问题,消息队列就无法提供服务了,因此很多场景下,我们希望消息队列有高可用性支持,例如RabbitMQ的镜像集群模式的高可用性方案,ActiveMQ也有基于LevelDB+ZooKeeper的高可用性方案,以及Kafka的Replication机制等。
2023-06-07 21:45:281

asterisk SIP协议呼叫返回488 not acceptable here,不知为何?

6.5.27. 488 Not Acceptable Here这个状态码和606(Not Acceptable)有相同的含义,但是只是应用于Request-URI所指出的特定媒体资源不能接受,在其他地方请求可能可以接受。包含了媒体兼容性描述的消息体可以出现在应答中,并且根据INVITE请求中的SDP进行t头域进行规格化。具体情况具体分析,建议贴上你的INVITE消息和488消息上来看看。488消息里的cause值是什么?
2023-06-07 21:45:271

对英国的喜爱,用英文介绍

才5分。。。。。就搜了一篇给你。。It"s a tricky thing to say, because the English flag, St George"s Day and patriotism generally has long been hijacked by moron right-wingers, but isn"t England great?ShakespeareFittingly, his birthday is the same day as St George"s day, as he contributed so much to the richness of the English language – as well as doing his propaganda bit for unity under the Tudors by blackening the name of the last Plantagenet monarch and promoting feelings of English patriotism.London Ah, London. Galleries. Theatres. Ethnic enclaves. Parliament and Big Ben, tourist traps, and carnivals; the Tube; Black taxis and red buses; medieval streets and hideous 1960s brutalist developments. Finest city in the World (if you don"t have to live there!)the English countrysideThe English countryside is gorgeous. Across the Vale of Evesham in the spring, the beauty of the Yorkshire Moors, the Lake District, the Cornish coast, the Severn Valley in autumn, we don"t have towering mountains, glaciers, or rift valleys. The English countryside is varied, but moderate and dependable. Just like English people are. Even the animals that populate our countryside are the same. You don"t get malaria from our bugs. We have no poisonous spiders, and no large animals which can eat you. Our single venomous snake – the Adder – is only as nasty as a wasp sting (and I"ve never seen one, ever).The Beatles, Stones, Sex Pistols and The Clash For a small country, we"ve produced a lot of world-changing music. We rock. Nothing more to say. Broadway, Henley They"re chocolate box-perfect English towns. They"re a bugger to live in, as you can"t put a nail in the wall without someone from the local Council making sure you"re not damaging the character of the area, but they"re damn gorgeous. There are houses in Henley that are older than many countries.Pubs and proper beerPubs – not bars. They don"t need to be all thatched roof or horsebrasses. They don"t need to be picturesque, but do need to be authentic rather than brewery-mandated “English Pub Experience”. They need a sense of community, a character behind the bar, some grumpy regular drinkers, proper beer and probably a resident dog.Food People think English food is just fish and chips or curry – and there"s nothing wrong with either of those. But real English food can"t be beaten, and is rarely encountered by visitors. Take great cuts of meat, fresh vegetables like parsnips, sprouts, roast them all and lightly season, serve with a rich gravy and a pint of proper beer and you"ve got the best Sunday family meal in the world. World War 2 We English bang on about the war a bit, it"s true – but it"s because it"s deeply embedded in our psyche. OK, it was sixty years ago, but the reason it stays there is because, for a couple of years until the yanks could be arsed to help out, England and our Gaelic cousins Scotland, Ireland, Wales stood alone: we mobilised our entire workforce, turned civilian factories to making armaments, ploughed up parks to grow food on, and tore down metal railings as raw material to make guns. We evacuated our children, split up our families and sacrificed our men, while the rest of the world sat on their hands or laid down their arms, because fascism so repelled us. And why shouldn"t we be proud of that?Jan 2 2007: It"s been pointed out to me that I may not know my history, and the UK may not have stood alone in quite the way I wrote. So don"t listen to what I say…The National Health Service I"m always astonished when I read that in other, allegedly civilised countries, health care is based on ability to pay. God knows, our NHS isn"t perfect, but get this: if you fall sick in the UK you will get treatment of the highest possible quality that the NHS can provide, free at the point of delivery, regardless of whether you"re a millionaire or a vagrant. Now that"s a civilised idea.Jane Austen and George Orwell Both used the English language perfectly to celebrate and satirise the England that they loved. Orwell, in particular, is a hero of mine with his fierce promotion of clarity of language, his love of fairness and his defence of the weak. I reckon he should be the eponymous St George today. English people I"ve a mix of Scottish and English extraction with a dash of Italian too. My wife is a naturalised Brit, from Thailand, so my kids are utter mongrels, which is itself quintessentially English. Everybody is mixed race here.We live next door to Naz, a British-born muslim of Pakistani background, and our other neighbours are the Murphys, of Irish descent. Across the road are the Singhs and the Cohens and the Smiths. It"s a crappy grubby urban English proper street, full of proper English people.Hurray for England. Have a good St George"s day.
2023-06-07 21:45:211

fileopenbroker是什么

文件名的意思是“文件打开代理”,是360的东西。
2023-06-07 21:45:211

有个首歌前面是英文后面跟着我喜欢你是什么歌

50 Ways To Say Goodbye - TrainMy heart is paralyzedMy head was oversizedI"ll take the high road like I shouldYou said it"s meant to beThat it"s not you, it"s meYou"re leaving now for my own goodThat"s cool, but if my friendsask where you are I"m gonna sayShe went down in an airplaneFried getting suntannedFell in a cement mixer full of quicksandHelp me, help me,I"m no good at goodbyes!She met a shark under waterFell and no one caught herI returned everything I ever bought herHelp me, help me, I"m all out of liesAnd ways to say you diedMy pride still feels the stingYou were my everythingSome day I"ll find a love like yoursuff08a love like yoursuff09She"ll think I"m SupermanNot super minivanHow could you leave on Yom Kippur?That"s cool, but if my friends askwhere you are I"m gonna sayShe was caught in a mudslideEaten by a lionGot run over by a crappy purple ScionHelp me, help me, I"m no good at goodbyes!She dried up in the desertDrowned in a hot tubDanced to death at an east side night clubHelp me, help me,I"m all out of liesAnd ways to say you diedI wanna live a thousand lives with youI wanna be the one you"re dying to loveBut you don"t want toThat"s cool, but if my friends askwhere you are I"m gonna sayThat"s cool, but if my friends askwhere you are I"m gonna sayShe went down in an airplaneFried getting suntannedFell in a cement mixer full of quicksandHelp me, help me,I"m no good at goodbyes!She met a shark under waterFell and no one caught herI returned everything I ever bought herHelp me, help me, I"m all out of liesShe was caught in a mudslideEaten by a lionGot run over by a crappy purple ScionHelp me, help me,I"m no good at goodbyes!She dried up in the desertDrowned in a hot tubDanced to death at an east side night clubHelp me, help me, I"m all out of liesAnd ways to say you died
2023-06-07 21:45:141

学战都市度盘

很不错,画画清晰。对人满意
2023-06-07 21:45:131

RocketMQ使用之消息保证,重复读,积压,顺序,过滤,延时,事务,死信

消息可能在哪些阶段丢失呢?可能会在这三个阶段发生丢失: 生产阶段 、 存储阶段 、 消费阶段 所以要从这三个阶段考虑: 在生产阶段,主要通过请求确认机制,来保证消息的可靠传递。 存储阶段,可以通过配置可靠性优先的 Broker 参数来避免因为宕机丢消息,简单说就是可靠性优先的场景都应该使用同步 从 Consumer 角度分析,如何保证消息被成功消费? Consumer 保证消息成功消费的关键在于确认的时机,不要在收到消息后就立即发送消费确认,而是应该在执行完所有消费业务逻辑之后,再发送消费确认。因为消息队列维护了消费的位置,逻辑执行失败了,没有确认,再去队列拉取消息,就还是之前的一条。 对分布式消息队列来说,同时做到确保一定投递和不重复投递是很难的,就是所谓的 有且仅有一次 。 RocketMQ 择了确保一定投递,保证消息不丢失,但有可能造成消息重复。 处理消息重复问题,主要有业务端自己保证,主要的方式有两种: 业务幂等 和 消息去重 发生了消息积压,这时候就得想办法赶紧把积压的消息消费完,就得考虑提高消费能力,一般有两种办法: 顺序消息是指消息的 消费顺序 和 产生顺序 相同,在有些业务逻辑下,必须保证顺序,比如订单的生成、付款、发货,这个消息必须按顺序处理才行。 顺序消息分为 全局顺序消息 和 部分顺序消息 : 部分顺序消息相对比较好实现,生产端需要做到把同 ID 的消息发送到同一个 Message Queue ;在消费过程中,要做到从同一个 Message Queue 读取的消息顺序处理——消费端不能并发处理顺序消息,这样才能达到部分有序。 发送端使用 MessageQueueSelector 类来控制 把消息发往哪个 Message Queue 消费端通过使用 MessageListenerOrderly 来解决单 Message Queue 的消息被并发处理的问题 RocketMQ 默认情况下不保证顺序,比如创建一个 Topic ,默认八个写队列,八个读队列,这时候一条消息可能被写入任意一个队列里;在数据的读取过程中,可能有多个 Consumer ,每个 Consumer 也可能启动多个线程并行处理,所以消息被哪个 Consumer 消费,被消费的顺序和写人的顺序是否一致是不确定的。 要保证全局顺序消息, 需要先把 Topic 的读写队列数设置为 一,然后 Producer Consumer 的并发设置,也要是一。简单来说,为了保证整个 Topic 全局消息有序,只能消除所有的并发处理,各部分都设置成单线程处理 ,这时候就完全牺牲 RocketMQ 的高并发、高吞吐的特性了。 有两种方案: 对消息的过滤有三种方式: 电商的订单超时自动取消,就是一个典型的利用延时消息的例子,用户提交了一个订单,就可以发送一个延时消息, 1h 后去检查这个订单的状态,如果还是未付款就取消订单释放库存。 RocketMQ 是支持延时消息的,只需要在生产消息的时候设置消息的延时级别: 但是目前 RocketMQ 支持的延时级别是有限的: 那么 RocketMQ 怎么实现延时消息的 简单,八个字: 临时存储 + 定时任务 Broker 收到延时消息了,会先发送到主题( SCHEDULE_TOPIC_XXXX )的相应时间段的 Message Queue 中,然后通过一个定时任务轮询这些队列,到期后,把消息投递到目标 Topic 的队列中,然后消费者就可以正常消费这些消息。 半消息 :是指暂时还不能被 Consumer 消费的消息, Producer 成功发送到 Broker 端的消息,但是此消息被标记为 暂不可投递 状态,只有等 Producer 端执行完本地事务后经过二次确认了之后, Consumer 才能消费此条消息。 依赖半消息,可以实现分布式消息事务,其中的关键在于二次确认以及消息回查: RocketMQ 实现消息事务 : 死信队列 用于处理无法被正常消费的消息,即 死信消息 当一条消息初次消费失败,消息队列 RocketMQ 会自动进行消息重试;达到最大重试次数后,若消费依然失败,则表明消费者在正常情况下无法正确地消费该消息,此时,消息队列 RocketMQ 不会立刻将消息丢弃,而是将其发送到该消费者对应的特殊队列中,该特殊队列称为 死信队列 死信消息的特点: 死信队列的特点: RocketMQ 控制台提供对死信消息的查询、导出和重发的功能。 NameServer 因为是无状态,且不相互通信的,所以只要集群部署就可以保证高可用。 RocketMQ 的高可用主要是在体现在 Broker 的读和写的高可用, Broker 的高可用是通过集群和主从实现的。 也就是说 Producer 只能向 Master 角色的 Broker 写入消息, Cosumer 可以从 Master 和 Slave 角色的 Broker 读取消息。 Consumer 的配置文件中,并不需要设置是从 Master 读还是从 Slave 读,当 Master 不可用或者繁忙的时候, Consumer 的读请求会被自动切换到从 Slave 。有了自动切换 Consumer 这种机制,当一个 Master 角色的机器出现故障后, Consumer 仍然可以从 Slave 读取消息,不影响 Consumer 读取消息,这就实现了读的高可用。 如何达到发送端写的高可用性 注意 : RocketMQ 目前还不支持 Broker 把 Slave 自动转成 Master ,如果机器资源不足,需要把 Slave 转成 Master ,则要手动停止 Slave 色的 Broker ,更改配置文件,用新的配置文件启动 Broker
2023-06-07 21:45:111

Asterisk移植到arm-linux的问题

参考: https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/SIP+TLS+Transport 在sip.conf 里面增加[general]tlsenable=yestlscertfile=/etc/asterisk/asterisk.pemtlscafile=/etc/ssl/ca.pem ; This is the CA file used to generate both certificatesregister =>tls://100:test@192.168.0.100:5061
2023-06-07 21:45:061