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Thomas Alva Edison (February 11
1847 – October 18
1931) was an American inventor and busines *** an who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world
including the phonograph and a long lasting light bulb. Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park" by a newspaper reporter
he was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production to the process of invention
and therefore is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory. o唔ok呀?^.^
参考: zh. *** /w/index?title=%E6%84%9B%E8%BF%AA%E7%94%9F&variant=zh-
Edison
Thomas Alva
1847–1931
American inventor
b. Milan
Ohio. A genius in the practical application of scientific principles
Edison was one of the greatest and most productive inventors of his time
but his formal schooling was limited to three months in Port Huron
Mich.
in 1854. For several years he was a new *** oy on the Grand Trunk RR
and it was during this period that he began to suffer from deafness
which was to increase throughout his life. He later worked as a telegraph operator in various cities. Edison"s first inventions were the trmitter and receiver for the automatic telegraph
the quadruplex system of trmitting four simultaneous messages
and an improved stock-ticker system. In 1877 he invented the carbon telephone trmitter (see microphone) for the Western Union Telegraph Company. His phonograph (patented 1878) was notable as the first successful instrument of its kind. In 1879
Edison created the first mercially practical incandescent lamp (with a carbon filament). For use with it he developed a plete electrical distribution system for light and power
including generators
motors
light sockets with the Edison base
junction boxes
safety fuses
underground conductors
and other devices. The crowning achievement of his work in this field was the Pearl St. plant (1881–82) in New York City
the first permanent central electric-light power plant in the world. He also built and operated (1880) an experimental electric railroad
and produced a superior storage battery of iron and nickel with an alkaline electrolyte. Other significant inventions include the Kioscope
or peep-show machine. Edison later demonstrated experimentally the synchronization of motion pictures and sound
and talking pictures were based on this work. During World War I he helped to develop the manufacture in the United States of chemicals previously imported; he also served as head of the U.S. navy consulting board concerned with ship defenses against torpedoes and mines. Edison later worked on the production of rubber from American plants
notably goldenrod. Edison held over 1
300 U.S. and foreign patents
and his workshops at Menlo Park (1876) and West Orange
N.J. (1887)
were significant as forerunners of the modern industrial research laboratory in which teams of workers
rather than a lone inventor
systematically investigate a given subject. An Edison memorial tower and light was erected (1938) in Menlo Park
N.J.; Edison"s laboratory and other buildings associated with his career are preserved or replicated in Greenfield Village. Some of his various panies were consolidated to form the General Electric Company (GE).
汤玛斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生(Thomas Alva Edison,1847年2月11日-1931年10月18日),美国发明家、商人,一位开发出很多重要装置的人。被报纸记者授予『门洛帕克的奇才』的称号,他是世界上第一个发明家利用大量生产原则和其工业研究实验室来生产发明物。爱迪生被视为当代发明最多产物的人,拥有1093项专利登计在他名下。大部分的发明物并不具原创性,而是对一些其他的专利进行改良,且事实上许多都是由他众多的员工发明的。因此,爱迪生常受到未分享这些功劳的批评。然而,爱迪生得到不少国家的专利,包括美国、英国、法国和德国等。1892年创立通用电器公司(General Electric),即后来的美国第一大公司:奇异公司,共拥有包括爱迪生1093项专利的24414项专利。1908年,爱迪生创立「Motion Picture Patents Company(一般所知为Edison Trust)」,一家由九个主要电影工作室组成的企业集团。 1900年代初期,爱迪生在佛罗里达州的福梅尔买了一间当作避寒的别墅。汽车巨头亨利·福特,就住在这间别墅的对面。他也是爱迪生的好朋友。「Edison and Ford Winter Estates」目前开放给大众参观。