mobile怎么读

有很多啊。。babe小孩,bile胆汁，bine蔓生植物，bite咬，这样的有很多单词啊，不知道你要的是哪种？没有其它提示了么？

胆囊的英文是Gallbladder。胆囊为一肌性膜性囊，大多数脊椎动物有胆囊，可以贮存和浓缩胆汁，并将胆汁排入十二指肠。各种动物的肝分泌胆汁速率不同，其胆囊浓缩胆汁能力也不同。人、狗、猫、小鼠、鸡和鸭等具有浓缩能力强的胆囊，但肝分泌胆汁速率较低，故进入肠腔的胆汁量较少；牛、猪、羊的胆囊浓缩能力虽低，但肝分泌胆汁的量也较少；兔、豚鼠的胆囊浓缩能力也低，但肝持续分泌大量胆汁。胆囊的英文例句：1、胆囊内胆汁粘度与胆石病关系的研究。The relationship of bile viscocity and cholelithasis.2、采用大胆总管梗阻模型，观察胆道梗阻后不同时期胆囊胆汁及胆管胆汁流动特性的变化。The bold common duct obstruction model was used to observe the changes of gallbladder bile and bile duct bile flow characteristics at different times after biliary obstruction.3、胆汁经总胆管流入十二指肠，并在胆囊贮存。Bile flows through the common bile duct into the duodenum and is stored in the gallbladder.4、成黄过程中胆汁钙含量和胆囊壁组织结构的变化。The Concentration Change of Bilirubin and Calciumion in Bile and the Pathologic Changes of the Goat Gallbladder during the Formation of Gallstone.5、急诊胆囊切除术胆汁细菌培养阳性率明显升高。Emergency cholecystectomy has a markedly increased positive rate of bile cultures.

Billing Address 账单地址；寄付帐单地址

胆布的英文是Bilecloth 胆布是一般羽绒服必备的里料,采用高密度里布涂防绒胶,手感轻柔,薄透,有加这层胆布的羽绒服就不会再跑绒出来啦。 A.涤纶防绒胆布(内胆)，轻质舒适，手感柔软光滑，布面平整、光泽度好，丝滑细腻，防绒性强，环保。 B.防绒胆布

海马的单词

The down outerwear lining cloth

bare

胆管bile duct

LV.6推荐于 2017-09-04希波克拉底 (前460-前377)希波克拉底(Hippcrates of Cos)，被西方尊为“医学之父”的古希腊著名医生，欧洲医学奠基人，古希腊医师，西方医学奠基人。提出“体液(humours)学说”，认为人体由血液(blood)、粘液(phlegm)、黄胆(yellow bile)和黑胆(black bile)四种体液组成，这四种体液的不同配合使人们有不同的体质。他把疾病看作是发展着的现象，认为医师所应医治的不仅是病而是病人；从而改变了当时医学中以巫术和宗教为根据的观念。主张在治疗上注意病人的个性特征、环境因素和生活方式对患病的影响。重视卫生饮食疗法，但也不忽视药物治疗，尤其注意对症治疗和预后。他对骨骼、关节、肌肉等都很有研究。他的医学观点对以后西方医学的发展有巨大影响。次答案正确可使用

世界上底盘最低的跑车是Flatombile。这位车友将这辆世界上最低的跑车取名为“Flatombile”，刚刚被设计制造出来之后就一下子被吉尼斯世界纪录组织注意到了，并且很快就将其评为了“世界上最矮的超级跑车”。这辆跑车没有顶棚，看起来就像是被大卡车压瘪的一辆敞篷跑车，驾驶者坐上去之后几乎都是半躺着的，这辆跑车由于非常的低，所以几乎能够从大部分底盘较高的车身下穿过，比如越野车和卡车等。看起来像是一个玩具模型，但这辆Flatombile跑车的最高速度却可以达到每小时160公里。汽车的底盘是由传动系、行驶系、转向系和制动系四部分组成，可以保证汽车正常行驶。汽车的底盘是很非常脆弱部位之一，在使用汽车的过程中，也要注意对汽车底盘的保养。汽车底盘可以防腐蚀，汽车的锈蚀均从底板开始，在使用的过程中，路面上的小石子或雨水都会侵蚀汽车的底盘，在一定程度上起到了保护汽车零部件的作用。

目录 1 拼音 2 英文参考 3 概述 4 拉丁名 5 英文名 6 胆南星药典标准 6.1 品名 6.2 来源 6.3 性状 6.4 鉴别 6.5 性味与归经 6.6 功能与主治 6.7 用法与用量 6.8 贮藏 6.9 出处 7 参考资料 附： 1 用到中药胆南星的方剂 2 用到中药胆南星的中成药 3 古籍中的胆南星 1 拼音 dǎn nán xīng 2 英文参考 arisaema cum bile，bile arisaema [湘雅医学专业词典] Rhizoma Arisaematis Cum Bile(拉) [中医药学名词审定委员会.中医药学名词（2004）] bile arisaema [中医药学名词审定委员会.中医药学名词（2004）] 3 概述 胆南星为中药名，为制天南星的细粉与牛、羊或猪胆汁经加工而成，或为生天南星细粉与牛、羊或猪胆汁经发酵加工而成[1]。见《本草选旨》。即胆星[2]。 《中华人民共和国药典》（2010年版）记载有此中药的药典标准。 4 拉丁名 Rhizoma Arisaematis Cum Bile（拉）（《中医药学名词（2004）》） 5 英文名 bile arisaema （《中医药学名词（2004）》） 6 胆南星药典标准 6.1 品名 胆南星 Dannanxing ARISAEMA CUM BILE 6.2 来源 本品为制天南星的细粉与牛、羊或猪胆汁经加工而成，或为生天南星细粉与牛、羊或猪胆汁经发酵加工而成。 6.3 性状 本品呈方块状或圆柱状。棕黄色、灰棕色或棕黑色。质硬。气微腥，味苦。 6.4 鉴别 （1）本品粉末淡黄棕色。薄壁细胞类圆形，充满糊化淀粉粒。草酸钙针晶束长20～90um。螺纹导管和环纹导管直径8～60um。 （2）取本品粉末0.2g，加水5ml，振摇，滤过，取滤液2m1置试管中，加新制的糠醛溶液（1→100）0.5ml，沿管壁加硫酸2ml，两液接界处即显棕红色环。 6.5 性味与归经 苦、微辛，凉。归肺、肝、脾经。 6.6 功能与主治 清热化痰，息风定惊。用于痰热咳嗽，咯痰黄稠，中风痰迷，癫狂惊痫。 6.7 用法与用量 3～6g。 6.8 贮藏 置通风干燥处，防蛀。 6.9 出处

楼主啊，推荐一款能建立交高速的高架桥的高级插件，叫rhm3，你上模拟城市中文网...算了，看这个www.simcity.cn/...bile=2。楼主自己敲上补全。对了，这个还要用uim辅助。看www.simcity.cn/...bile=2是教程，下载地址。。辛苦楼主了，自己动手找吧。。uim是一个菜单扩容界面，rhm必须有它才能用。在道路里的高速里，可以建立交桥，当然rhm也得下载 ：//

1、to what degree在什么程度上，用来限定“be held responbile”的范围，当然是条件状语了。某人说这个成分“表程度，可以不要”，很不负责任。去掉后成什么了？→→→→→→→→Can parents be held responbile for a child"s behavoir?能让家长为孩子的行为负责吗？人家已经认定：应让家长为孩子的行为负责，疑问点是负责到什么程度。把人家的本意都篡改了，那也可以吗？2、be held responbile属于正常用法。理解环节一：hold+宾语+形容词，这种“动-宾-补”结构很常用例：My new car holds the road well.我的新汽车贴路性能很好。She held herself erect.她把身子挺直。May you hold yourself healthy all the time.愿你永远健康。理解环节二：“hold+宾语+形容词”的被动表达形式是sb/sth be held +adj.例： ▲关联形容词为responsible以外的例子Both will be held accountable for their deeds in this life. 谁也不能违反各自的生活准则。 I cannot be held culpable (for their mistakes). 不能（把他们的错误）归咎於我. ▲关联形容词为responsible的例子He shall not be held responsible for any damage by act of God. 对天灾造成的任何损害,他没有责任。You"ll be held responsible if anything goes wrong. 出了差错唯你是问。 Managers must be held responsible for planning within their area of authority. 管理者必须在授权的范围内担负起规划的责任。■■■■采纳答案应慎重，匆忙受害南郭兄

[00:03.00]歌曲:遥远的妈妈[00:05.00]演唱:哈琳[00:07.13]专辑: 蒙古天韵[00:09.00]歌词制作:倪庆海[00:10.13]版本:汉语拼音标注版[00:11.00]....music...[00:47.00]narlag horvood jargah beyiig[00:55.00]naddaan eej mini zayasan bile[01:03.00]uhaarj guiceegui genen setegliig[01:12.00]uujim bolgon telsen bile[01:19.00]ha......a....[01:28.00]uujim bolgon telsen bile[01:40.00]aqitai torson saihan eej deen[01:48.30]aztai mendelsen uren bi bile[01:56.00]cever ariuhan eejiinheen setgeld[02:04.00]cecegen bolon delgersen bile[02:12.00]ha......a....[02:19.30]cecegen bolon delgersen bile[02:29.00]...music...[03:00.00]enel horvood huugeen geseer[03:08.00]ehiin hair naran bile[03:16.30]ureen hairlah ehiin setgel[03:24.00]urgelj munhiin haluun bile[03:32.00]ha......a....[03:40.00]urgelj munhiin haluun bile[03:48.00]ha......a....[03:56.00]naddaan eej mini zayasan bile[04:04.00]naddaan eej mini zayasan bile.

下面给大家分享一下地下城守护者1秘籍。地下城守护者是一款比较经典西方魔幻风格的策略游戏，虽然画面看起来有点另类，但玩法与我们所熟悉的《兽人必须死》有单类似，喜欢的同学可以尝试一下。地下城守护者1秘籍攻略集锦：在游戏主界面输入，please give all超级秘籍（获得所有的东西）其它秘籍一、1、《地下城守护者》中的圣者不只在单人游戏中出现，也可在多人联线方式下出现。在第九关呈十字形金矿处有一个：第十四关最北部门后又有一个；在三个隐藏关的一个中还有一个；有在任务版《更深的地下城》中的第一关就可碰到。在英文版《地下城守护者》中，只要按小键盘上的ENTER键，会出现一个英文图表，点击第四项后，移至表外再点击左键。可能随机出现圣者。在连机对战时也能出现，但出现的圣者为敌人。2、将Bile Demon/Dark Mistress/Troll各一只投入神庙的祭坛，可得到一只长角收割者Horned Reaper；若要使当前研究工作立刻完成，请投入3只苍蝇。二、更改系统日期到1997年7月20日，然后进入游戏将会出现一个隐藏关卡。三、在游戏中附身到一只怪物上，按回车（小键盘）。可以打开怪物的法术和攻击，再按F12可以开启秘籍菜单,然后按F11使用Give all creatures spells : 给所有人法术Give controlled creature spells : 取得控制法术Every thing is free : 所有东西免费Explore everywhere : 可到达任何地方Research all magic : 调查所有法术Research all rooms : 调查所有的房间四、单机玩多人模式用-1 player作为参数启动游戏五、隐藏关 先将电脑的时钟调到8月18日，然后进入游戏，可看见满月旗帜，这就是满月隐藏关。地下城守护者秘密一、把某些怪物扔到庙宇的水池里(奉献)就可以获得一些回报：奉献1只苍蝇和1只蜘蛛就可得到1个魔术题；奉献2只苍蝇就可完成当前的魔法研究；奉献2只虫就完成当前打造计划；奉献1只甲虫和1只蜘蛛就可换取1 个“ Dark Mistress”；奉献3只蜘蛛就可换取一个“Bile Demon”；奉献1个Bile Demon,Dark Mistress和Troll就可笪以一个镰刀怪(Horned Reaper)。二、在Dungeon Keeper的安装目录下有个DATA 的子目录，其中有个叫Creature.txt的文件，里面定义了游戏中各种属性设定，随意修改吧! 但修改时不要太贪心，比如你把怪物的攻击修改得太过分，那它对敌人的攻击会便成对敌人的补血!

bde 【医】[=bile duct examination]胆管检查 查看原帖>>麻烦采纳，谢谢!

mobile 英[u02c8mu0259u028abau026al]美[u02c8mou028abl]adj. 可移动的; 行动自如的; 易变的; 流动性的;n. 手机; 风铃;全部释义>>[例句]A classic case is the mobile phone.一个经典的案例是移动电话。

每次输入密技之前要按SHIFT+C成功的话会出现一声坟墓打开时石块在石块上滑动的声音!这个时候就可以直接输入密技了!几个比较实用的:NOWTHERAINHASGONE地图全开FEELTHEPOWER所有手下升级到满级10级THISISMYCHURCH能够建造所有房屋IBELIEVEITSMAGIC能够使用所有地下城主法术HAHATHISAWAYHAHATHATAWAY魔力值加一万点!在游戏中输入这些密码前，先按下CTRL+ALT+C键：给钱showmethemoney显示地图nowtherainhasgone所有手下升到10级feelthepower获得所有房间thisismychurch获得所有门、陷阱fitthebest获得所有魔法ibelieveitsmagic获得本关的胜利donotfearthereaperhahathisawayhahathataway加+100,000魔法力(用在最新的版本上)一个小bug:在一个特定的情况下可以搞出一个影子小鬼！敌人看不见他，他可以把地板铺到敌人的任何地方，还可以破除任何机关！条件是要有8级以上的小鬼，在他用瞬间转移时从怪物栏里把所有的小鬼抓起来，如果时间正好的话，他正从某处消失，在别出还没现出来，这时你的手里有所有的小鬼，但你的地板还是在铺，对付人特别有用！祭品（前面是祭品，后面是效果）2Salamanders1DarkMistress2Rogues1Salamander2Warlocks1Goblin2BileDemons1Rogue2BlackKnights1Vampire1Salamander+1DarkElf1DarkMistress2Skeletons1DarkElf2Wizards1BileDemon1Skeleton+1Troll1BileDemon2DarkElves1Troll2Vampires1BileDemon2DarkMistresses1Skeleton2Trolls1Warlock3MonksManaBoost1BileDemon+1Warlock+1DarkElfReceiveImps2Dwarves+1DarkMistressMakeSafe选关：运行dk2.exe，带一个level参数，如：dk2.exe-levellevel10在游戏安装目录里的DATAEDITORMAPS目录你可以看到所有关卡，关卡的名字从Level1到Level20，每一关有好几个名字，如："level6a""level6b"秘密关卡：secret1->secret5获得奖励的地方：在《底2》中有几个地方可以捡到好东西，但是只有一个地方是不需要做任何事情就能被发现的。要找到它，只需将你的电脑日期设置为满月的任意一天然后开始游戏，就会出现那个地方。指明方向：按下CTRL+ALT+C，然后输入“whatareyoulookingat”,地图就会消失，再次按下CTRL+ALT+C，然后输入“nowtherainhasgone”，地图就会再次出现，而且是整个地图都会可见，（前面有地图时看不到的，现在也可以看到了），而且不止这个，还会有一个小箭头将你指向英雄大门。

胆汁盐参考资料：金精三羧酸三铵盐. aziridinium salt. 吖丙啶 盐. baker"s salt. 碳酸铵, 碳酸氢铵. basic salt. 碱性盐. bath salt. 腌制槽用食盐. bay salt. 海盐. benzyl thiuronium salt. 苄锍脲盐. bile salt. 胆汁盐. binary salt. 二元盐. biogenetic salt

胆盐乳糖增菌培养基（BL）Bile Lactose Broth,用于药品中大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌及绿脓杆菌增菌培养用。 胨 20g 磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4) 1.3g 乳糖 5g 牛胆盐(或去氧胆酸钠0.25g) 1.3g 氯化钠 5g 水 1000ml 磷酸氢二钾(K2HPO4) lg 除乳糖、牛胆盐外，取上述成分，混合，加热溶解后，调节pH使灭菌后为7.2±0，2，煮沸，滤清，加入乳糖、牛胆盐，分装，灭菌。

对！肝脏为脊椎动物（包括人类）的器官。肝脏是身体内以代谢功能为主的器官，并在身体里面扮演著去毒素，储存醣原（肝醣），分泌性蛋白质合成等等。肝脏也制造消化系统中之胆汁。在医学用字上，常以拉丁语字首hepato-或hepatic来描述肝脏或肝脏的。大部分的肝脏疾病都会有黄疸症状，这是由於肝脏无法继续将胆红素排出所以就在体内累积。成人肝脏约在1-2.5公斤。为红棕色V字形器官。肝脏位於人体腹部位置，在右侧横隔膜之下，位於胆囊之前端且於右边肾脏前方，胃上方。两大血管通往肝脏：肝动脉和肝门静脉；肝动脉来自腹腔干；门静脉引消化道的静脉血，肝脏可以处理其中的营养物质和毒素；肝静脉直接注入下腔静脉。微胆管（bile capillaries）收集胆汁聚集成胆道（bile duct）。接著由左、右肝管（left, right hepatic duct）回收到总肝管（common hepatic duct）。胆囊管和总肝管聚集合成总胆管（common bile duct）。总胆管在进入十二指肠前壶腹部位（ampulla）和胰管相连接，将肝脏分泌储存於胆囊内的胆汁直接的注入降十二指肠（descending duodenum）内帮助脂肪代谢消化。肝脏是人类身体器官中唯一有再生功能器官，即使正常肝细胞低於25%，仍可再生成正常肝脏。

你们这回答的都是小说人物，没人知道现实存在的侦探吗？比如李昌钰那种

芭乐一般指的番石榴，是一种热带水果，我国很多地区都有栽种。芭乐表皮为青绿色，果肉为红心、以及白心两种，其口感独特，营养价值高。但在吃芭乐时，芭乐中间的籽可以吃吗?芭乐籽有什么功能?一起来了解下。芭乐一般指的番石榴，是一种热带水果，我国很多地区都有栽种。芭乐表皮为青绿色，果肉为红心、以及白心两种，其口感独特，营养价值高。但在吃芭乐时，芭乐中间的籽可以吃吗?芭乐籽有什么功能?一起来了解下。芭乐中间的籽可以吃吗?可以吃的。芭乐中的籽儿特别小，但籽比较硬，不是很好吃。对于肠胃不是很好的人，以及老年人建议不要吃，因为很难消化，肠胃好的人建议少吃，虽然芭乐籽有助消化、促进肠道蠕动作用，但是吃多了也不好。芭乐籽有什么功能?1、降低血压芭乐籽含有胡萝卜素、糖甘、黄酮类和酚类化合物，还含有抗氧化剂和生物活性物质，食用可以有效预防心血管疾病，具有降低血压作用。2、促进消化芭乐籽有助于改善排便的作用，芭乐籽富含膳食纤维，可促进肠胃蠕动、帮助消化和改善排便不顺。适量食用可以改善消化不良、便秘等症状。3、改善视力芭乐籽中含有多酚类成分，可以帮助抵抗自由基对视网膜的损害，能起到保护视力改善视力的作用。4、美容养颜番石榴籽多酚可以帮助肌肤抵抗自由基和胶原质降解酶的损害，适量食用芭乐籽可以使皮肤变得光滑有弹性，还能帮助防止皱纹的生成。5、预防癌症芭乐的果肉与种子是预防和消除癌细胞的好帮手。芭乐含有大量的番茄红素，对预防前列腺癌非常有益。此外，芭乐籽也有助于预防乳腺癌。6、降低胆固醇芭乐籽富含纤维，可防止胆汁在肠道中被吸收，使身体增加低密度脂蛋白受体(LDL受体)的量以产生更多胆汁盐(bileacids)，有助于降低血流中的胆固醇。

【答案】：胆汁中的初级胆汁酸与次级胆汁酸均以钠盐或钾盐的形式存在，形成相应的胆汁酸盐，简称为胆盐。

将胆汁稀释成不同的浓度制成营养培养基平板，在接种革兰氏阴性菌。37度18-24小时培养，可观察到不同的浓度的胆汁耐受情况。生长良好为不敏感，不生长为敏感。试验是有操作方法的，判定是有标准的。我只是举个方法。也可将胆汁稀释成不同的浓度制成泸纸片分别放在涂好了的革兰氏阴性菌的平板上37度18-24小时培养，可观察到不同的浓度的胆汁耐受情况...。

【答案】：胆汁酸与甘氨酸或牛磺酸结合形成的钠盐或钾盐称为胆盐。它是胆汁参与消化和吸收的主要成分，它具有乳化脂肪并携带脂肪消化产物通过肠黏膜上皮表面不流动水层的作用而促进脂肪的吸收。

把从口服14c阿司匹林和胆管插管的老鼠上收集的放射性胆汁到十二指肠，观察证实阿司匹林在肠道血液中的循环和它的代谢物。重吸收的范围估计至少是十二指肠给剂量的34.5%

很多很多：只给你70个参考吧 1、gabardine：n. 一种斜纹防水布料,华达呢,一种宽松的长袍2、gabble：v. 急促而不清楚地说3、gaberdine：n. 工作服,华达呢4、gable：n. 山形墙,人字板5、gad：vi. 闲逛,游荡,蔓延6、gadfly：n. 虻，牛虻7、gadget：n. 小工具，小机械8、gaff：n. 鱼叉,斜桁,鸡脚上的铁爪9、gaffe：n. (社交上令人不快的)失言，失态10、gag：n. 箝口物,箝制言论,讨论终结11、gage：n. 抵押品,挑战12、gaggle：n. 鹅群13、gaiety：n. 欢乐，快活14、gaily：ad. 华丽地,欢乐地15、gain：vt.&vi.获得 n.利益16、gainful：a. 有利益的,唯利是图的17、gainless：无利益的18、gains：n. 收益19、gainsay：v. 否认20、gait：n. 步法,步态21、gaiter：n. 绑腿,长统橡胶靴22、gala：n. 祭日,节日,祝贺23、galactic：adj. 星系的，银河系的24、galaxy：n. （银河）星群，显赫的人群.25、gale：n. 狂风，一阵（笑声）26、galena：n. 方铅矿27、galileo：伽利略28、gall：n. 胆汁（bile），怨恨（hatred）29、gallant：adj. 勇敢的，（向女人）献殷勤的30、gallantry：n. 勇敢，殷勤31、gallbladder：n. 胆囊32、galleon：n. 西班牙或地中海的大帆船33、gallery：n.长廊，游廊；画廊34、galley：n. 船上的厨房35、gallon：n.加仑36、gallop：n./v. （马）飞奔，疾驰37、gallows：n. 绞刑架，绞台38、galore：n. 丰富adv. 丰富地39、galvanic：a. 流电的,以流电所产的,抽搐的40、galvanism：n. 流电,流电学,电疗法41、galvanize：v. 电镀，通电，激励42、gambit：n. (常指带风险的)策略；弃兵局(指国际象棋开局让棋法)43、gamble：n.赌博 vt.冒…的险44、gambler：n. 赌博的人,赌徒45、gambling：n. 赌博46、gambol：n. 雀跃，嬉戏47、game：n.游戏，运动，比赛48、gamekeeper：n. 猎场看守人49、games：运动员50、gamesome：adj. 好戏谑的,好玩的,好作乐的51、gamester：n. 赌博者,赌徒52、gammon：n. 腌猪后腿,胡说53、gamut：n. 全音阶，（一领域的）全部知识54、gander：n. 雄鹅v. 闲逛55、gang：n.一帮，一伙56、gangling：adj. 细长的，不结实的57、ganglion：n. 神经节,神经中枢,腱鞘瘤58、gangrene：n. 坏疽,脱疽,腐败堕落的根源59、gangster：n.匪徒，歹徒，暴徒60、gangway：n. （上下船的）跳板61、gaol：n. 监狱；监禁；vt. 使…坐牢62、gaoler：n. 监狱看守63、gap：n.空隙；缺口64、gape：n. 裂口,张嘴,打哈欠65、garage：n.汽车间(或库)66、garb：n. 装束67、garbage：n.垃圾，污物，废料68、garble：v. 曲解，窜改69、garbled：adj. 篡改的；曲解的70、garden：n.花园，菜园；公园

The digestive system is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus (see figure). Inside this tube is a lining called the mucosa. In the mouth, stomach, and small intestine, the mucosa contains tiny glands that produce juices to help digest food.Two solid organs, the liver and the pancreas, produce digestive juices that reach the intestine through small tubes. In addition, parts of other organ systems (for instance, nerves and blood) play a major role in the digestive system.[Top] Why is digestion important?When we eat such things as bread, meat, and vegetables, they are not in a form that the body can use as nourishment. Our food and drink must be changed into smaller molecules of nutrients before they can be absorbed into the blood and carried to cells throughout the body. Digestion is the process by which food and drink are broken down into their smallest parts so that the body can use them to build and nourish cells and to provide energy.[Top] How is food digested?Digestion involves the mixing of food, its movement through the digestive tract, and the chemical breakdown of the large molecules of food into smaller molecules. Digestion begins in the mouth, when we chew and swallow, and is completed in the small intestine. The chemical process varies somewhat for different kinds of food.Movement of Food Through the SystemThe large, hollow organs of the digestive system contain muscle that enables their walls to move. The movement of organ walls can propel food and liquid and also can mix the contents within each organ. Typical movement of the esophagus, stomach, and intestine is called peristalsis. The action of peristalsis looks like an ocean wave moving through the muscle. The muscle of the organ produces a narrowing and then propels the narrowed portion slowly down the length of the organ. These waves of narrowing push the food and fluid in front of them through each hollow organ.The first major muscle movement occurs when food or liquid is swallowed. Although we are able to start swallowing by choice, once the swallow begins, it becomes involuntary and proceeds under the control of the nerves.The esophagus is the organ into which the swallowed food is pushed. It connects the throat above with the stomach below. At the junction of the esophagus and stomach, there is a ringlike valve closing the passage between the two organs. However, as the food approaches the closed ring, the surrounding muscles relax and allow the food to pass.The food then enters the stomach, which has three mechanical tasks to do. First, the stomach must store the swallowed food and liquid. This requires the muscle of the upper part of the stomach to relax and accept large volumes of swallowed material. The second job is to mix up the food, liquid, and digestive juice produced by the stomach. The lower part of the stomach mixes these materials by its muscle action. The third task of the stomach is to empty its contents slowly into the small intestine.Several factors affect emptying of the stomach, including the nature of the food (mainly its fat and protein content) and the degree of muscle action of the emptying stomach and the next organ to receive the contents (the small intestine). As the food is digested in the small intestine and dissolved into the juices from the pancreas, liver, and intestine, the contents of the intestine are mixed and pushed forward to allow further digestion.Finally, all of the digested nutrients are absorbed through the intestinal walls. The waste products of this process include undigested parts of the food, known as fiber, and older cells that have been shed from the mucosa. These materials are propelled into the colon, where they remain, usually for a day or two, until the feces are expelled by a bowel movement.Production of Digestive JuicesThe glands that act first are in the mouth—the salivary glands. Saliva produced by these glands contains an enzyme that begins to digest the starch from food into smaller molecules.The next set of digestive glands is in the stomach lining. They produce stomach acid and an enzyme that digests protein. One of the unsolved puzzles of the digestive system is why the acid juice of the stomach does not dissolve the tissue of the stomach itself. In most people, the stomach mucosa is able to resist the juice, although food and other tissues of the body cannot.After the stomach empties the food and juice mixture into the small intestine, the juices of two other digestive organs mix with the food to continue the process of digestion. One of these organs is the pancreas. It produces a juice that contains a wide array of enzymes to break down the carbohydrate, fat, and protein in food. Other enzymes that are active in the process come from glands in the wall of the intestine or even a part of that wall.The liver produces yet another digestive juice—bile. The bile is stored between meals in the gallbladder. At mealtime, it is squeezed out of the gallbladder into the bile ducts to reach the intestine and mix with the fat in our food. The bile acids dissolve the fat into the watery contents of the intestine, much like detergents that dissolve grease from a frying pan. After the fat is dissolved, it is digested by enzymes from the pancreas and the lining of the intestine.Absorption and Transport of NutrientsDigested molecules of food, as well as water and minerals from the diet, are absorbed from the cavity of the upper small intestine. Most absorbed materials cross the mucosa into the blood and are carried off in the bloodstream to other parts of the body for storage or further chemical change. As already noted, this part of the process varies with different types of nutrients.Carbohydrates. It is recommended that about 55 to 60 percent of total daily calories be from carbohydrates. Some of our most common foods contain mostly carbohydrates. Examples are bread, potatoes, legumes, rice, spaghetti, fruits, and vegetables. Many of these foods contain both starch and fiber.The digestible carbohydrates are broken into simpler molecules by enzymes in the saliva, in juice produced by the pancreas, and in the lining of the small intestine. Starch is digested in two steps: First, an enzyme in the saliva and pancreatic juice breaks the starch into molecules called maltose; then an enzyme in the lining of the small intestine (maltase) splits the maltose into glucose molecules that can be absorbed into the blood. Glucose is carried through the bloodstream to the liver, where it is stored or used to provide energy for the work of the body.Table sugar is another carbohydrate that must be digested to be useful. An enzyme in the lining of the small intestine digests table sugar into glucose and fructose, each of which can be absorbed from the intestinal cavity into the blood. Milk contains yet another type of sugar, lactose, which is changed into absorbable molecules by an enzyme called lactase, also found in the intestinal lining.Protein. Foods such as meat, eggs, and beans consist of giant molecules of protein that must be digested by enzymes before they can be used to build and repair body tissues. An enzyme in the juice of the stomach starts the digestion of swallowed protein. Further digestion of the protein is completed in the small intestine. Here, several enzymes from the pancreatic juice and the lining of the intestine carry out the breakdown of huge protein molecules into small molecules called amino acids. These small molecules can be absorbed from the hollow of the small intestine into the blood and then be carried to all parts of the body to build the walls and other parts of cells.Fats. Fat molecules are a rich source of energy for the body. The first step in digestion of a fat such as butter is to dissolve it into the watery content of the intestinal cavity. The bile acids produced by the liver act as natural detergents to dissolve fat in water and allow the enzymes to break the large fat molecules into smaller molecules, some of which are fatty acids and cholesterol. The bile acids combine with the fatty acids and cholesterol and help these molecules to move into the cells of the mucosa. In these cells the small molecules are formed back into large molecules, most of which pass into vessels (called lymphatics) near the intestine. These small vessels carry the reformed fat to the veins of the chest, and the blood carries the fat to storage depots in different parts of the body.Vitamins. Another vital part of our food that is absorbed from the small intestine is the class of chemicals we call vitamins. The two different types of vitamins are classified by the fluid in which they can be dissolved: water-soluble vitamins (all the B vitamins and vitamin C) and fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, and K).Water and salt. Most of the material absorbed from the cavity of the small intestine is water in which salt is dissolved. The salt and water come from the food and liquid we swallow and the juices secreted by the many digestive glands.[Top] How is the digestive process controlled?Hormone RegulatorsA fascinating feature of the digestive system is that it contains its own regulators. The major hormones that control the functions of the digestive system are produced and released by cells in the mucosa of the stomach and small intestine. These hormones are released into the blood of the digestive tract, travel back to the heart and through the arteries, and return to the digestive system, where they stimulate digestive juices and cause organ movement. The hormones that control digestion are gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin (CCK):Gastrin causes the stomach to produce an acid for dissolving and digesting some foods. It is also necessary for the normal growth of the lining of the stomach, small intestine, and colon.Secretin causes the pancreas to send out a digestive juice that is rich in bicarbonate. It stimulates the stomach to produce pepsin, an enzyme that digests protein, and it also stimulates the liver to produce bile.CCK causes the pancreas to grow and to produce the enzymes of pancreatic juice, and it causes the gallbladder to empty.Additional hormones in the digestive system regulate appetite:Ghrelin is produced in the stomach and upper intestine in the absence of food in the digestive system and stimulates appetite.Peptide YY is produced in the GI tract in response to a meal in the system and inhibits appetite. Both of these hormones work on the brain to help regulate the intake of food for energy.Nerve RegulatorsTwo types of nerves help to control the action of the digestive system. Extrinsic (outside) nerves come to the digestive organs from the unconscious part of the brain or from the spinal cord. They release a chemical called acetylcholine and another called adrenaline. Acetylcholine causes the muscle of the digestive organs to squeeze with more force and increase the "push" of food and juice through the digestive tract. Acetylcholine also causes the stomach and pancreas to produce more digestive juice. Adrenaline relaxes the muscle of the stomach and intestine and decreases the flow of blood to these organs.Even more important, though, are the intrinsic (inside) nerves, which make up a very dense network embedded in the walls of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon. The intrinsic nerves are triggered to act when the walls of the hollow organs are stretched by food. They release many different substances that speed up or delay the movement of food and the production of juices by the digestive organs.[Top] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse2 Information WayBethesda, MD 20892–3570Email: nddic@info.niddk.nih.govThe National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC) is a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The NIDDK is part of the National Institutes of Health under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Established in 1980, the Clearinghouse provides information about digestive diseases to people with digestive disorders and to their families, health care professionals, and the public. The NDDIC answers inquiries, develops and distributes publications, and works closely with professional and patient organizations and Government agencies to coordinate resources about digestive diseases.Publications produced by the Clearinghouse are carefully reviewed by both NIDDK scientists and outside experts. This publication is not copyrighted. The Clearinghouse encourages users of this fact sheet to duplicate and distribute as many copies as desired

The digestive system is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus (see figure). Inside this tube is a lining called the mucosa. In the mouth, stomach, and small intestine, the mucosa contains tiny glands that produce juices to help digest food. Two solid organs, the liver and the pancreas, produce digestive juices that reach the intestine through small tubes. In addition, parts of other organ systems (for instance, nerves and blood) play a major role in the digestive system. [Top] Why is digestion important? When we eat such things as bread, meat, and vegetables, they are not in a form that the body can use as nourishment. Our food and drink must be changed into smaller molecules of nutrients before they can be absorbed into the blood and carried to cells throughout the body. Digestion is the process by which food and drink are broken down into their smallest parts so that the body can use them to build and nourish cells and to provide energy. [Top] How is food digested? Digestion involves the mixing of food, its movement through the digestive tract, and the chemical breakdown of the large molecules of food into smaller molecules. Digestion begins in the mouth, when we chew and swallow, and is completed in the small intestine. The chemical process varies somewhat for different kinds of food. Movement of Food Through the System The large, hollow organs of the digestive system contain muscle that enables their walls to move. The movement of organ walls can propel food and liquid and also can mix the contents within each organ. Typical movement of the esophagus, stomach, and intestine is called peristalsis. The action of peristalsis looks like an ocean wave moving through the muscle. The muscle of the organ produces a narrowing and then propels the narrowed portion slowly down the length of the organ. These waves of narrowing push the food and fluid in front of them through each hollow organ. The first major muscle movement occurs when food or liquid is swallowed. Although we are able to start swallowing by choice, once the swallow begins, it becomes involuntary and proceeds under the control of the nerves. The esophagus is the organ into which the swallowed food is pushed. It connects the throat above with the stomach below. At the junction of the esophagus and stomach, there is a ringlike valve closing the passage between the two organs. However, as the food approaches the closed ring, the surrounding muscles relax and allow the food to pass. The food then enters the stomach, which has three mechanical tasks to do. First, the stomach must store the swallowed food and liquid. This requires the muscle of the upper part of the stomach to relax and accept large volumes of swallowed material. The second job is to mix up the food, liquid, and digestive juice produced by the stomach. The lower part of the stomach mixes these materials by its muscle action. The third task of the stomach is to empty its contents slowly into the small intestine. Several factors affect emptying of the stomach, including the nature of the food (mainly its fat and protein content) and the degree of muscle action of the emptying stomach and the next organ to receive the contents (the small intestine). As the food is digested in the small intestine and dissolved into the juices from the pancreas, liver, and intestine, the contents of the intestine are mixed and pushed forward to allow further digestion. Finally, all of the digested nutrients are absorbed through the intestinal walls. The waste products of this process include undigested parts of the food, known as fiber, and older cells that have been shed from the mucosa. These materials are propelled into the colon, where they remain, usually for a day or two, until the feces are expelled by a bowel movement. Production of Digestive Juices The glands that act first are in the mouth—the salivary glands. Saliva produced by these glands contains an enzyme that begins to digest the starch from food into smaller molecules. The next set of digestive glands is in the stomach lining. They produce stomach acid and an enzyme that digests protein. One of the unsolved puzzles of the digestive system is why the acid juice of the stomach does not dissolve the tissue of the stomach itself. In most people, the stomach mucosa is able to resist the juice, although food and other tissues of the body cannot. After the stomach empties the food and juice mixture into the small intestine, the juices of two other digestive organs mix with the food to continue the process of digestion. One of these organs is the pancreas. It produces a juice that contains a wide array of enzymes to break down the carbohydrate, fat, and protein in food. Other enzymes that are active in the process come from glands in the wall of the intestine or even a part of that wall. The liver produces yet another digestive juice—bile. The bile is stored between meals in the gallbladder. At mealtime, it is squeezed out of the gallbladder into the bile ducts to reach the intestine and mix with the fat in our food. The bile acids dissolve the fat into the watery contents of the intestine, much like detergents that dissolve grease from a frying pan. After the fat is dissolved, it is digested by enzymes from the pancreas and the lining of the intestine. Absorption and Transport of Nutrients Digested molecules of food, as well as water and minerals from the diet, are absorbed from the cavity of the upper small intestine. Most absorbed materials cross the mucosa into the blood and are carried off in the bloodstream to other parts of the body for storage or further chemical change. As already noted, this part of the process varies with different types of nutrients. Carbohydrates. It is recommended that about 55 to 60 percent of total daily calories be from carbohydrates. Some of our most common foods contain mostly carbohydrates. Examples are bread, potatoes, legumes, rice, spaghetti, fruits, and vegetables. Many of these foods contain both starch and fiber. The digestible carbohydrates are broken into simpler molecules by enzymes in the saliva, in juice produced by the pancreas, and in the lining of the small intestine. Starch is digested in two steps: First, an enzyme in the saliva and pancreatic juice breaks the starch into molecules called maltose; then an enzyme in the lining of the small intestine (maltase) splits the maltose into glucose molecules that can be absorbed into the blood. Glucose is carried through the bloodstream to the liver, where it is stored or used to provide energy for the work of the body. Table sugar is another carbohydrate that must be digested to be useful. An enzyme in the lining of the small intestine digests table sugar into glucose and fructose, each of which can be absorbed from the intestinal cavity into the blood. Milk contains yet another type of sugar, lactose, which is changed into absorbable molecules by an enzyme called lactase, also found in the intestinal lining. Protein. Foods such as meat, eggs, and beans consist of giant molecules of protein that must be digested by enzymes before they can be used to build and repair body tissues. An enzyme in the juice of the stomach starts the digestion of swallowed protein. Further digestion of the protein is completed in the small intestine. Here, several enzymes from the pancreatic juice and the lining of the intestine carry out the breakdown of huge protein molecules into small molecules called amino acids. These small molecules can be absorbed from the hollow of the small intestine into the blood and then be carried to all parts of the body to build the walls and other parts of cells. Fats. Fat molecules are a rich source of energy for the body. The first step in digestion of a fat such as butter is to dissolve it into the watery content of the intestinal cavity. The bile acids produced by the liver act as natural detergents to dissolve fat in water and allow the enzymes to break the large fat molecules into smaller molecules, some of which are fatty acids and cholesterol. The bile acids combine with the fatty acids and cholesterol and help these molecules to move into the cells of the mucosa. In these cells the small molecules are formed back into large molecules, most of which pass into vessels (called lymphatics) near the intestine. These small vessels carry the reformed fat to the veins of the chest, and the blood carries the fat to storage depots in different parts of the body. Vitamins. Another vital part of our food that is absorbed from the small intestine is the class of chemicals we call vitamins. The two different types of vitamins are classified by the fluid in which they can be dissolved: water-soluble vitamins (all the B vitamins and vitamin C) and fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, and K). Water and salt. Most of the material absorbed from the cavity of the small intestine is water in which salt is dissolved. The salt and water come from the food and liquid we swallow and the juices secreted by the many digestive glands. [Top] How is the digestive process controlled? Hormone Regulators A fascinating feature of the digestive system is that it contains its own regulators. The major hormones that control the functions of the digestive system are produced and released by cells in the mucosa of the stomach and small intestine. These hormones are released into the blood of the digestive tract, travel back to the heart and through the arteries, and return to the digestive system, where they stimulate digestive juices and cause organ movement. The hormones that control digestion are gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin (CCK): Gastrin causes the stomach to produce an acid for dissolving and digesting some foods. It is also necessary for the normal growth of the lining of the stomach, small intestine, and colon. Secretin causes the pancreas to send out a digestive juice that is rich in bicarbonate. It stimulates the stomach to produce pepsin, an enzyme that digests protein, and it also stimulates the liver to produce bile. CCK causes the pancreas to grow and to produce the enzymes of pancreatic juice, and it causes the gallbladder to empty. Additional hormones in the digestive system regulate appetite: Ghrelin is produced in the stomach and upper intestine in the absence of food in the digestive system and stimulates appetite. Peptide YY is produced in the GI tract in response to a meal in the system and inhibits appetite. Both of these hormones work on the brain to help regulate the intake of food for energy. Nerve Regulators Two types of nerves help to control the action of the digestive system. Extrinsic (outside) nerves come to the digestive organs from the unconscious part of the brain or from the spinal cord. They release a chemical called acetylcholine and another called adrenaline. Acetylcholine causes the muscle of the digestive organs to squeeze with more force and increase the "push" of food and juice through the digestive tract. Acetylcholine also causes the stomach and pancreas to produce more digestive juice. Adrenaline relaxes the muscle of the stomach and intestine and decreases the flow of blood to these organs. Even more important, though, are the intrinsic (inside) nerves, which make up a very dense network embedded in the walls of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon. The intrinsic nerves are triggered to act when the walls of the hollow organs are stretched by food. They release many different substances that speed up or delay the movement of food and the production of juices by the digestive organs. [Top] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse 2 Information Way Bethesda, MD 20892–3570 Email: nddic@info.niddk.nih.gov The National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC) is a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The NIDDK is part of the National Institutes of Health under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Established in 1980, the Clearinghouse provides information about digestive diseases to people with digestive disorders and to their families, health care professionals, and the public. The NDDIC answers inquiries, develops and distributes publications, and works closely with professional and patient organizations and Government agencies to coordinate resources about digestive diseases. Publications produced by the Clearinghouse are carefully reviewed by both NIDDK scientists and outside experts. This publication is not copyrighted. The Clearinghouse encourages users of this fact sheet to duplicate and distribute as many copies as desired参考资料：http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/yrdd/

问题一：内胆用英语怎么说？？ the inner bladder 问题二：胆结石的英语翻译 胆结石用英语怎么说 你好！ 胆结石 gallstones 英["?:lst??nz] 美["?:lsto?nz] n. 胆（结）石( gallstone的名词复数 ); [例句]The connection between gallstones and weight is unclear. 胆结石和体重的关系还不明了。 问题三：冰胆用英文怎么说？ Ice tube冰胆 Hot tube 问题四：翻译胆汁，胆汁用英语怎么说最合适 gall 英 [g?:l] 美 [?l] n. 胆汁; 五倍子; 怨恨; 苦物，苦味; vt. 擦伤，擦破; 使烦恼; 侮辱; 被磨损; vi. 被磨伤; [例句]I daresay he thought he was above the law. I can"t get over the gall of the fellow. 问题五：胆管的英文，胆管的翻译，怎么用英语翻译胆管，胆管用 胆管 [词典] bile duct; [医] bile vessel; biliary ducts; biliferous ducts; [例句]目的是探讨影响胆管癌切除术后的预后因素。 Objective to study the prognostic factors in patients with bile duct carcinoma after curative resection. 问题六：橡胶球胆用英语怎么说 橡胶球 rubber ball更多释义>> [网络短语] 橡胶球 rubber ball;PELOTA DE GOMA;rubber sphere 橡胶球注射器 rubber bulb syringe 橡胶球打针器 rubber bulb syringe 问题七：胆布用英语怎么说 胆布(装羽绒的外皮) cloth for filling down 问题八：胆总管结石和胆囊炎用英文怎么说??? 胆囊炎: 1. cholecystitis 胆总管结石: [ dǎn zǒng guǎn jié shí ] 1. oledocholithiasis

歌曲名:biledriver歌手:gwar专辑:violence has arrivedAll creatures born are born to die but before then surviveSome creatures born they never live but still they are aliveUpon a bony steed I sway, my scythe above the herdI want to murder everyone in the entire worldDeath feeds the cycle, driven by your hateCan"t you see there is nothing left to create?All is for me to destroyAnd emptiness employI want to murder everyone in the entire worldEvery man and women, every boy and every girlSwallow up the air and earth, mutilate the wormsKill the messenger who begs us to consider termsBut hatred is a feeling that"s mutated with timeInto something much more sublimeTo kill without passion - a new abilityI slay with a new efficiencyThis effect is most pleasingAs I slaughter millions for no reasonA vision.of universal death.NoNoOrderReasonTriumphTruthSoHornyFetidViolentUncouthThe young are simply too dumb to liveThe old are weak and uncleanThe ones in the middle, they also must dieTheir ways are obtuse and obsceneBiledriver!Bring forth the Biledriver!All is for me to destroyAnd nothingness enjoyI want to murder everyone in the entire worldhttp://music.baidu.com/song/14306251

bile disperses fat globules脂肪球 into tiny fat. droplets then enzymes break them down. into even smaller (fat) particles 脂肪颗粒. The break down of the protein particles 蛋白质颗粒.Fat DigestionBile acids are unique because they have one face that is hydrophobic, meaning it can mix with fats, and one face that is hydrophilic, meaning it can mix with water. As the bile enters the small intestine it mixes with the fat particles in the partially digested food. The bile breaks apart the fat globules into minute fat droplets that float in the watery intestine contents. The way bile acts on dietary fat is similar to how a detergent breaks apart grease. Enzymes produced by the pancreas and the small intestine can then digest the tiny fat droplets into fatty acids your body can absorb and use.

（IMP=小鬼）前面是祭品，后面是回报 Warlock x 2 Goblin Troll x 2 Warlock Dark Elf x 2 Troll Skeleton x 2 Dark Elf Mistress x 2 Skeleton Salamander x 2 Mistress Rogue x 2 Salamander Bile Demon x 2 Rogue Vampire x 2 Bile Demon Black Knight x 2 Vampire Guard, Mistress Black Knight Black Knight, Turncoat Knight Goblin, Create Imp Dwarf Bile Demon, Salamander, Tremor Giant Warlock, Inferno Wizard Dark Elf, Sight of Evil Elven Archer Mistress, Create Gold Thief Vampire, Guard, Heal Monk Mistress, Firefly, Lightning Fairy Rogue, Dark Elf, Call to Arms Guard Imp, Thief Wooden Door Imp, Guard Braced Door Imp, Knight Steel Door Imp, Wizard Magic Door Imp, Rogue Secret Door Imp, Elven Archer Barricade Imp, Warlock Sentry Trap Imp, Skeleton Fear Trap Imp, Dark Elf Alarm Trap Imp, Bile Demon Gas Trap Imp, Black Knight Spike Trap Imp, Troll Trigger Trap Imp, Giant Boulder Trap Imp, Fairy Freeze Trap Imp, Mistress Lightning Trap Imp, Salamander Fireburst Trap Monk x 3 Mana boost Thief x 3 Gold boost Dwarf x 2, Mistress Make Safe Bile Demon, Dark Elf, Mistress Imps Bile Demon, Warlock, Dark Elf Imps Bile Demon, Giant, Guard Stun Imps Black Knight, Warlock, Firefly Imp 中文 魔法师 x 2 大耳怪 工匠 x 2 魔法师 黑暗精灵 x 2 工匠 骷髅 x 2 黑暗精灵 黑暗女王 x 2 骷髅 火蜥蜴 x 2 黑暗女王 流氓 x 2 火蜥蜴 巨魔 x 2 流氓 吸血鬼 x 2 巨魔 黑骑士 x 2 吸血鬼 卫士, 黑暗女王 黑骑士 黑骑士, 反叛术 骑士 大耳怪, 小鬼创造术 矮人 巨魔, 火蜥蜴, 塌方术 巨人 魔法师, 地狱之火术 巫师 黑暗精灵, 邪恶之眼术 埃尔文弓手 黑暗女王, 炼金术 小偷 吸血鬼, 卫士, 治疗术 僧侣 黑暗女王, 萤火虫, 闪电术 仙女 流氓, 黑暗精灵, 集结军团术 卫士 Imp, 小偷 木门 Imp, 卫士 铁门 Imp, 骑士 钢门 Imp, 巫师 魔法门 Imp, 流氓 暗门 Imp, 埃尔文弓手 路障 Imp, 魔法师 火炮 Imp, 骷髅 恐惧陷阱 Imp, 黑暗精灵 报警机关 Imp, 巨魔 毒气陷阱 Imp, 黑骑士 毒刺陷阱 Imp, 工匠 触发机关 Imp, 巨人 巨石陷阱 Imp, 仙女 冷冻陷阱 Imp, 黑暗女王 闪电陷阱 Imp, 火蜥蜴 暴炎陷阱 僧侣 x 3 密宝:增加魔法值 小偷 x 3 密宝:增加金钱 矮人 x 2, 黑暗女王 密宝:加强龙心防御力 巨魔, 黑暗精灵, 黑暗女王 Imps 巨魔, 魔法师, 黑暗精灵 Imps 巨魔, 巨人, 卫士 密宝:震晕对方Imp 黑骑士, 魔法师, 萤火虫 Imp

holy bible 是圣经 ，包括新约全书和旧约全书，又称新旧约全书。也就是old testament 和new testament.而new testament survey , 只是新约概论,就是别人写的讲解大体介绍一下.

have the responsibility to do sthbe responsibile for sth

歌曲：遥远的妈妈演唱：哈琳专辑: 蒙古天韵歌词制作：倪庆海版本：汉语拼音标注版....music...narlag horvood jargah beyiignaddaan eej mini zayasan bileuhaarj guiceegui genen setegliiguujim bolgon telsen bileha......a....uujim bolgon telsen bileaqitai torson saihan eej deenaztai mendelsen uren bi bilecever ariuhan eejiinheen setgeldcecegen bolon delgersen bileha......a....cecegen bolon delgersen bile...music...enel horvood huugeen geseerehiin hair naran bileureen hairlah ehiin setgelurgelj munhiin haluun bileha......a....urgelj munhiin haluun bileha......a....naddaan eej mini zayasan bilenaddaan eej mini zayasan bile.☆☆☆谢谢欣赏☆☆☆遥远的妈妈哈琳那是个遥远遥远的地方那里的夜晚星星特别明亮我就是在那辽阔的草原上伴随着妈妈温暖的歌儿成长啊伴随着妈妈温暖的歌儿成长是谁在呼唤我儿时的名字是谁还在风中静静遥望我还是站在这无边的草原上告诉妈妈孩儿要去远方啊告诉妈妈孩儿要去远方是谁在呼唤我儿时的名字是谁还在风中静静遥望我还是站在这无边的草原上告诉妈妈孩儿要去远方啊告诉妈妈孩儿要去远方啊告诉妈妈孩儿要去远方

Wake up to a beautiful day again! In order to face the day"s work and life, we must eat a meal Mimi breakfast. As the saying goes: "The spring, the count in a day is the morning." Perhaps you will spend one hour in the morning before work to dress, then spend half an hour to arrange the day"s agenda, but no province 10 minutes earnest eat breakfast? Long-term do not eat breakfast will unknowingly fall "root cause": the gallbladder is to store bile place, after eating, the gallbladder begins to shrink, bile is discharged into the intestine to help digest food; if you do not eat breakfast, it will not shrink gallbladder, bile It has been stored in the gallbladder, a long time suffering from gallstones. So, eat some breakfast, but also to eat healthy.

八宝景天

同意funzoe33的谢谢

是不是甩葱歌啊？

Yesterday afternoon 3 when, more volunteers wearing black bear modelling face mask appear in stores nirvana hall, the hall who continue to protest nirvana bear, imitation is taken the painful process of bravery, onlookers stranger stood three laps. "We love traditional Chinese medicine, not love bear gallbladders", volunteers loudly of say this words. They repeat a what the doctor said: "bear gallbladders is just a Chinese traditional medicine, have drug alternative", they point out that the live bear bile is take business needs rather than Chinese medicine needs. Now, the traditional Chinese medicine association had dozens and organization to oppose the use of gall bladders.

1。这些功能在抗骨吸收药物的效力，在2组的差异造成的，似乎与这些药物的生物活性，特别是法尼基二磷酸合成酶（FPPS）酶抑制破骨细胞内甲羟戊酸通路。2。因此我们想出了一个新的双膦酸盐轴承成对的位置的阶级利益的综合，连同一个羟基功能，胆汁酸喜欢R2取代我们选定的范围为两人原发性胆汁酸（胆酸和chenodeoxycholicacids），熊去氧胆酸，主要用于肠肝药物，和两非人起源的胆汁酸。

性能 外观 价格

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C.C.CatchC.C.Catch的本名为CarolineCatherineMuller，她在1964年7月31日出生于荷兰的一个小城市Osse。她的父亲Yurgen是德国人，母亲Corry是荷兰人。2004年C.C.Catch成为了德国一个节目Pro7所挑选出，十名老牌歌星的其中之一。中文名：C.C.Catch外文名：CarolineCatherineMuller出生地：荷兰出生日期：1964年7月31日职业：歌手代表作品：《ICanLoseMyHeartTonight》人物资料C.C.Catch的本名为CarolineCatherineMuller，她在1964年7月31日出生于荷兰的一个小城市Osse。她的父亲Yurgen是德国人，母亲Corry是荷兰人。成名历程Caroline小时候搬家过很多次，从Osse、Geffen到Bunde。而她周遭的同学和朋友们也跟着改变。在念完初等学校(在荷兰，你必须完成六种课程，才可以再选择另外一间学校就读)之后，Caroline进入了一间家政学校，她们念所有和家事有关的课程。她们把吸尘器拆开、学习烹饪和清洁。他们同时也有学习如何当销售员的专业课程，举例来说，一间店里最好的商品是放在右边的。在Caroline十四岁以前她很少和父亲见面。她的母亲始终试着让这个家庭更团结，最后总算也达成了目标∶她们搬到了Bunde。Caroline与她的母亲很喜欢德国，但是当Caroline到德国就读九年级时，老师和同学说着她听不懂的德语时，她的喜悦也随之消逝了。从学校毕业后，她开始学习设计，并且在一间成衣工厂工作，这成为了她梦魇的开始。在那里工作的气氛很糟糕，她的老板对员工大吼大叫，过度剥削员工，让每个员工都神经紧绷。而且大部分的员工都是论件计酬的。Caroline才刚开始学习，她做的是钮扣孔上的饰花和袖子。管理人站在她后面不停地监督，还喊着“快点！快点！”，她部门的课长让每个人都视对方为竞争对手，那些不想在星期五加班的人，就会受到压迫。但加班并不会加薪，员工甚至不被允许不用加班。而老板也从来不满意她的工作表现，这真的是Caroline人生中最黑暗的回忆。某天傍晚，她在Bunde的一间小餐馆认识了一个乐团。她被询问是否愿意跳舞，或者是她可以唱歌。Caroline之前便有在自己房里偷偷地学跳舞和唱一些热门歌曲，可是不敢在别人面前表演唱歌跳舞。但是现在她知道自己未来会成为一位歌手。Caroline开始为自己的音乐生涯做准备，她在Bad-Oyenhausen学弹吉他、跳爵士舞，并且参加了几乎所有在她居住地方附近所举办的比赛。不过她的舞台活动影响到了她的工厂工作，有对她不好的流言传出，Caroline很伤心，她必须要做出抉择。她的家人决定帮助Caroline成为歌手，她的父亲放弃了自己两万马克的工作，成立了OrbitaAgency，为有才华的歌手举办比赛并且支持自己女儿的职业。半年后Caroline离开了令她厌恶的工作，后来她说∶“如果我之前有一个更好的工作，我绝对不会离开它的。”在她达到成功之前，她经验了无数挫折。Caroline专注于参加歌手的比赛，并且吸引了一些有兴趣并自认为自己是制作人的人。她被不同的唱片公司签下个人合约，但事实上这些所谓的制作人只是想在年经、没有经验的Caroline上赚钱。举例来说，他们其中之一，为她娶了一个艺名CarolDean，保证会给她合约但之后消失无踪。Caroline的父亲对他们嗤之以鼻，“他们大部分都只是在自卖自夸。不过Caroline有三个优点，她唱的很好，也长的漂亮，而且在舞台上也表现的很不错。我知道有一天会有一位真正的制作人找上她，那就是为什么她必须在这上面努力。”Caroline并没有在她CAROLDEAN的计画中发挥自己的潜能，她的歌曲"QueenoftheHearts"(JessNewton)和"C"estlavie"(EmilyHarris)并没有为她带来成功。但她朝向充满着吸引力却又危险的演艺事业大门已经开启。在当时Caroline喜欢身在女性的环境中，她们的新团体OPTIMAL(制作人-PeterKent)，团员Sabina、Claudia、Silvia、Caroline，她们在之前参加歌唱比赛时已经认识。这个女子团体在德国录制了两首歌，"ERwarmagnnetisch"和"Thegoodbye"，并且在德国作巡出。而幸运之神也朝她们而来，在1985年OPTIMAL在一场新人比赛中被ModrenTalking的制作人兼团员DieterBohlen所注意到。他立刻对这四人中的Caroline的歌声作出了极好的赞美，当时ModrenTalking正处于事业的巅峰，Dieter正在准备新的计画。当晚Dieter便邀请这位年轻的歌手到他的录音室，并且给她签下了有利的合约，Caroline答应了。所以在1985年Dieter成为了她的制作人，而也是他为新的音乐计画取名的由来。这个新团体名为C.C.Catch，前面两个字母C是Caroline的名字缩写，而Catch象征了"想到好主意"的意思。之后饶舌和舞蹈界之王CaptainHollywood和T.T.Frech加入了这个团体。1985年在Caroline生日那天，他们录制了C.C.Catch首支单曲"ICanLoseMyHeartTonight"。这首单曲马上进到了排行榜中。从此时开始，CarolineCatherineMuller，加上DieterBohlen的标记C.C.Catch，让她的人生有了很好的转变。但是在直到下一首歌曲发行之前，她的人和她的名字对大部分的听众来说都是未知的，他们也没有看过她的照片。1986年初，他们第二首单曲""CauseYouAreYoung"，很快地让全欧为这位歌手高亢的、犹如夏日微风般清爽的嗓音为之疯狂。封面这位美丽的女孩挑起了大众的好奇心，而在封面的另外一面是她的名字－CarolineMuller。第二首单曲比第一首单曲更加出名，而在1986年春天，他们录制了第一张专辑。所有的歌曲都是由DieterBohlen所写，他也想好了专辑名字CATCHTHECATCH。而C.C.Catch成为了Catherine的艺名，让Caroline和她无法以笔墨形容的歌声，成为了迪斯可界的女王。在专辑封面上是她最喜欢的黑猫－Morty，猫是她最爱的宠物。她父亲有次说：“如果你想要讨我女儿的欢心，送她木制、玻璃做的或是塑胶制的猫，她很爱收集这些东西，而且在家里收藏了不少。”首张专辑在德国拿下白金唱片的销售，在西班牙则是有黄金唱片的佳绩。这张专辑八首歌中，有七首歌是加长版本。其中"JUMPINMYCAR"这首歌有着一个很不可思议的故事。另外有一张专辑在德国造成话题，是因为专辑上出现这个新的名字:CAROC.。这会是Catherine的另外一个艺名吗？这张专辑似乎没有整顿的很好，诸如此类的。无论如何，这丝毫不会影响到她未来的职业生涯。顺带一提，当Catherine拿到驾照后，她出过两次车祸。第一次意外是她和她父亲从录音室到Essen的路上，车子在Osnabrook附近打滑，撞到了一棵树。Catherine的父亲因为过度惊吓，所以她必须自己把父亲拉出车外，因为车子很有可能随时爆炸。第二次意外是在一条乡间道路上发生的，当时Catherine正从住在Bilefield的朋友那里回家，路上覆盖着新积的雪，她就在转弯的时候不小心卡到排水沟而翻车。1986年她在HANSA唱片公司底下发行了几首单曲，"StrangersByNight"和"HeartbreakHotel"。同年，Catherine也得到了迪斯可女王的称号，这在众多竞争对手之下看来是很模拟两可的，但在另外一方面来看，这也代表了她是在众多的杰出歌手中是其中之一。1986年圣诞节那天发行了第二张专辑"WelcomeToTheHeartbreakHotel"，这张唱片被广为播放，主打歌在排行榜上第八名超过八周之久。接着发行新单曲"HeavenAndHell"，因为有着前一张专辑的亮眼成绩，这首单曲也被德国的唱片公司视为是最佳单曲。这首单曲在德国音乐前十名的排行榜上位居第一达三周之久。它也红遍了比利时、西班牙、整个斯堪地纳维亚地区和东欧城市，在苏联也颇有知名度，但是苏联的媒体并没有多加报导她，在苏联对她有比较详细的介绍大概如下：“兴趣－有氧舞蹈，服装设计。喜欢的颜色－黑色。平常外出喜欢的休闲装扮是一件黄色T_加上淡蓝色牛仔裤。”她的歌迷也期待着专辑里的第三首单曲"TearsWon"tWashAwayMyHeartache"，但这首单曲没有发行。1987年夏天，C.C.Catch的全新歌曲"AreYouManEnough?"，几乎成为了全欧广播最爱播放的歌曲。Catherine也诠释了她这首歌的所要表达的感受：“这首歌是关于那些爱在女生面前表现的男生，而同时他们内心里一无所有。”下一首单曲让喜欢她的歌迷又增加了不少。"SoulSurvivor"这首歌在欧洲音乐排行榜上位居冠军宝座，在那时ThomasAnders退出了ModernTalking，而外界也揣测她将会取代Thomas的位置。她也经常被人批评她的音乐和ModernTalking的很相似。Dieter替她所写的歌曲是比较富有旋律感的，但是较少有罗曼蒂克和抒情的气氛。后来Dieter也组了一个新团体BlueSystem。BLUESYSTEM里的鼓手是Caroline的朋友FrankOtto，他们是在一个叫做Radio-85电视节目所办的爱心捐赠会中认识的。Frank和Caroline同年纪，他才刚从学校毕业，在学校他的成绩表现杰出，并且取得了专业证照。当时他是AQUAMARINE的鼓手。很快地，他们开始住在一起，在搬到柏林之前，Caroline和她的朋友住在她父母在Resinghause的房子。第三张专辑"LikeAHurricane"中收录歌曲"SoulSurvivor"。封面有点令人震惊，Caroline剪了一头短发。这张专辑制作完毕后，Caroline和Frank去了巴黎(他们在早上抵达，傍晚就回来了)。而Caroline是在她唯一喜爱的美容沙龙CLEOPATRA中改变造型的，现在她喜爱宽松长裤和长指甲，很像一只时髦的淘气小猫，而她的发型成为了1980年代所有女孩的最爱。专辑"LikeAHurricane"非常地成功，1988年春天，她在欧洲巡回演出。在1988年5月，她发行了精选集"HouseOfMysticLight"，专辑里这首同名单曲也成为热门歌曲，而这首歌的舞曲版收录在"Diamond"精选辑中。歌曲中可以听到饶舌歌手CaptainHollywood所吟唱的部份，他的本名是TonyHarrison，除了饶舌演唱之外，他也喜爱跳舞，他为PaulAbdul和KimWild的演唱会表演舞蹈秀。BlueSystem和ModernTalking的风格非常相像，而由于这个原因，Caroline询问Dieter她是否可以为她自己写歌。C.C.Catch想要在她的歌曲中具体地表现自己的想法与感情，而Bohlen回答的很清楚简单：“不行！”。他仍然是Caroline的制作人，而歌词与音乐都还是由他所掌控。当下Caroline就决定要和Bohlen分道扬镳了，由于她和BMG与Ariola的良好关系，她发行了第四张专辑"BigFun"。1988年年底，她发行了新单曲"BackseatOfYourCadillac"，而专辑"BigFun"是她与DieterBolen最后一次合作的专辑。她的热门歌曲"NothingButAHeadache"是在她职业中最后一首打进前十名的歌曲。不管以上的这些事，Caroline和Bohlen有时仍旧一起工作，直到1989年年底。他们总共一起录制了12首单曲和5张专辑。1989年夏天，Caroline造访了伦敦，在德国他们发行了她的精选"Super20"，里头的"SummerKiss"是一首很好的歌曲，但它并没有广为流行。而她的歌迷也再度开始流传她和Bohlen的关系恶化，打破他们关系的始作俑者是Caroline自己，她当时想证明自己不需要Bohlen的帮助。留回了她的棕色长发，Caroline开始和她的制作人交涉，但问题出现在Caroline没有料想到的地方。Dieter宣称是他创造了C.C.Catch这个名字，他对此拥有全部的权利，因此Caroline必须要用她自己的本名或是另取一个艺名。法庭决议让她继续使用C.C.Catch这个名字，但是同时她也必须付好几百万给她的前制作人。在西班牙的新年表演节目中，Caroline认识了SimonPapierBell(GeorgeMichael的乐团"Wham!"的前经理人)。Simon表示有很大的兴趣和她合作，从那时开始他便成为了她的经理人。并同时与Metronome唱片公司(Polygram)签约。Caroline搬到了英国，她在伦敦录制了歌曲"BigTime"，这是她第一首不是由Bohlen所写的歌曲。这首歌和C.C.Catch之前的歌曲听起来不太一样，它融合了放克、灵魂乐和迪斯可。新专辑"HearWhatISay"是与新制作人一起录制的，他们有AndyTaylor(前Duran-Duran团员)、DaveClayton(曾和GeorgeMichael与U2一起合作)和JODwotniak。Caroline写了七首歌，其中两首"BigTime"和"MidnightHour"成为热门歌曲，但它们不能和她以前红极一时的歌曲拿来做比较。但是这张专辑在德国排行榜上只有第26名。同时间，BMG发行了单曲"BabyINeedYourLove"和精选辑"Classics"，里面收录了一些Bohlen以前所写的歌曲。当C.C.Catch正在准备单曲"MidnightHour"时，Dieter发行了"GoodGuysOnlyWinInMovies"，这对歌迷造成了不小的混淆，这只能说BMG和Bohlen联合抵制了C.C.Catch。新专辑的名字可以这样解释：CarolineMuller希望大家了解“这是她的专辑，不是Bohlen的”。在歌曲"I"mGonnaMissYou"和"Back-girl"中，C.C.Catch的唱腔很难辨认出来，听起来很不一样，看来她正在发展自己的风格。在1990年代早期，她第一次造访了俄国。1990年她受邀于新手音乐节"AStepToParnassus"中表演。当时在一场记者会中，她也回答了记者们的问题，她说：“在我的人生中有许多的竞争。当我还是新人时，参加过很多类似的音乐比赛，这对我来说是很大的帮助。我学会如何表现自己的台风，并且习惯在观众前表演。无庸至疑地，就像你们的"StepToParnassus"一样，是发掘新人的一个很好的途径，他们是很重要的。”她在1991年造访苏俄时，对许多人仍是记忆犹新。C.C.CATCH参与了电视节目BRAVO-91的拍摄，和慈善音乐活动"Chernobyl"sChildrenareOurChildren"(车诺比小孩是我们的小孩)，这个苏俄式的“奥林匹克运动会”，在6月1日和2日举行，有着宏伟的舞台表演。超过一百位的歌手，从苏俄、德国、英国、意大利、荷兰、瑞士、瑞典、丹麦等地全体一致地来参与这个演出。这些众多歌手中，不乏许多知名艺人，像是BadBoysBlue、BlueSystem、DenHarrow。这个庆典的创办人就是C.C.CATCH的父亲PeterMuller(ORBIT-MUSIC)和MikhailChizhikov(Ekoniks)，Mosbisnesbank为赞助者。“当一到达苏俄，我便了解那里除了车诺比事件所带来的伤害外，还有许多问题。但是在我心中，车诺比事件所造成的伤害是最严重的。我参加这些音乐会的目的是让大众想起那些深受残害的无辜人民。我很高兴我所参与的慈善活动，能成为我帮助这些孩子们的力量。”在发行第六张专辑后，C.C.CATCH离开了Metron，让她的音乐事业暂停了一阵子。在这段时间，她专注于自己精神层次的发展，她写诗和作画。几年后，她开始写歌并且学习瑜珈和冥想。1998年Caroline和她的瑜珈兼冥想老师结婚，但不久后便离婚。1998年，是Caroline再度和我们见面的日子，她重返歌坛真是令人振奋的消息。欧洲也再度开始显现出对迪斯可音乐的兴趣。此时C.C.CATCH再度开始与DieterBohlen合作。她同意为BMG执行一个促销计画，一个新的专辑"Bestof98"。发行了两首单曲"C.C.CatchMegamix98"和"ICanLoseMyHeartTonight98"。这张专辑加入了重节拍和饶舌音乐，而歌手KennethLewis，也就是饶舌歌手KRAYZEE，在录完这张专辑后，加入了他们。在C.C.CATCH歌曲的新版本中，我们可以听到KRAYZEE愉快的歌声。Caroline说：“这不只是一位饶舌歌手在录音室里的参与，是他在舞台上的演出，让这个表演更加的精采.]KRAYZEE曾经参与过Bohlen的一个音乐企划，Touche乐团，他和他们一起演唱过迪斯可经典歌曲"Y.M.C.A."。新世纪的门槛也影响了CarolineMuller的歌手形象，现在C.C.Catch是位金发歌手。她的眼睛仍然闪烁着猫咪般的绿色光芒，实在说不上她有变老，她仍旧和以前一样地美丽。她在舞台上的肢体动作变的更加柔软和有活力。两位舞者MarcoWeis和MarkRohde也加入了她的团体，让她的表演更加多彩多姿、壮观和激烈－简而言之，这是真正的欧洲迪斯可。MarcoWeis和MarkRohde是有氧舞蹈教练，也担任了很多时尚表演的舞者和舞台经理。现在舞者OmegaAulime取代了他们的位置。重回舞台后，Caroline再度开始参加不同的演出。她加入了BadBoysBlue、Fancy和SilentCircle的巡回演出－"HitPowerPartyTour2001-allthestarsfrom80"。这显示C.C.Catch在德国听众里依然很受欢迎，他们喜爱她令人难忘的歌声，也期待她发行的新专辑。这些迪斯可界的传奇歌手几乎在德国的所有大城市中都有演出。CarolineMuller和她的伙伴们在不同地方也有举办重返歌坛的演唱会，包括了苏俄的城市Krasnoyarsk、Moscow、Vitebsk,Kiev、Arkhangelsk、NaryanMara、Ekaterinburg、Pervouralsk、Chelyabinsk、StPetersburg、Sochi、Novosibirsk、Volgograd、KhantyMansiisk等等。在2003年她回到德国居住，并和SavageProductions录制了新单曲"ShakeYourHead2003"，SavageProductions是歌手也是制作人，曾经参与了OliP、NobleSavages和Enie(BravoTV的前主持人，现在为GermanT-Online广告的一员)的专辑制作。这首单曲是重新制作的，早在1983年Don就邀请了Madonna担任歌曲的主唱，但是他对结果不甚满意，所以专辑内收录的是一个全然不同的版本。OzzyOsbourne在这个版本为主唱而Madonna只负责合唱的部分。这首歌在90年代早期再度被重新翻唱，这次演唱它的歌手为OzzyOsbourne、女演员KimBasinger和WasNotWas乐团。这首单曲销售量得到了第八，而在广播的播放率中排名第四。2004年C.C.Catch成为了德国一个节目Pro7所挑选出，十名老牌歌星的其中之一，这对她和歌迷们来说是一件好消息。歌手ChrisNorman、Coolio、Markus、Haddaway和其他人也名列其中。C.C.Catch演唱了"Heartbreakhotel"的新版本和MADONNA、KylieMinoug和JenniferLopez主打歌曲。2004年秋天，C.C.Catch发行了新单曲“SILENCE”。这是发现她身为歌手和创作者中新的一面。吉他－C.C.Catch最喜欢的乐器，在其中制造出了全新的声响与节奏。这次全部照着C.C.Catch的希望去制作她自己的音乐。新的CD在厂牌DANNYRECORDS下录制。C.C.Catch已经在一些城市中表演过这首歌曲，每个人都很喜欢它，吉他手MARCRUTHERFORD也帮了C.C.Catch不少忙。一开始这首单曲只计划在苏俄发行，但现在也在欧洲发行，为苏俄歌迷制作的CD特别版将在2005年春天发行。这首歌的MTV在圣彼得堡拍摄，C.C.Catch认为它是世界上最漂亮的城市之一。而在她的40岁生日，2004年7月31日，她也在圣彼得堡庆祝。MTV在八月拍摄，但天气并不炎热，在MTV拍摄期间天气反而变冷，C.C.Catch还因此得了感冒。MTV导演为AlexanderIgudin。主要作品01.ICanLoseMyHeartTonight02.CauseYouAreYoung03.HeavenAndHell04.StrangersByNight05.HeartbreakHotel06.CatchTheCatch07.WelcomeToTheHeartbreakHotel08.AreYouManEnough09.C.C.Catch10.SoulSurvivor11.LikeAHurricane12.NothingButAHeartache13.BackseatOfYourCadillac14.HouseOfMysticLights15.SummerKisses16.Diamonds-HerGreatestHits17.BigFun18.BabyINeedYourLove19.GoodGuysOnlyWinInMovies21.MidnightHour22.BigTime23.MidnightHour24.MidnightHour(Remix)25.HearWhatISay26.Classics27.Super2028.SuperDiscoHits29.StarCollection-BackSeatOfYourCadillac30.TheBestOfC.C.Catch31.SuperDiscoHits32.ICanLoseMyHeartTonight"9933.Megamix"9834.SoulSurvivor"9835.Boom"99TheFirst36.CatchTheMix37.EnMegaMix38.LikeAHurricane/BigFun39.ForeverGold40.CatchTheCatch/WelcomeToTheHeartbreakHotel42.ShakeYourHead43.Feat.Leela-Silence44.CatchTheHits45.The80"sAlbum46.MaxiHitSensation(NonstopDJMix)47.VideoCollection48.GreatestHits

energico音乐术语是有力的。音乐术语是指在音乐表演中用来指导演奏者表演的专业术语。其中既包括音乐构成要素（如速度、表情、强弱、调式、和声、旋律等），也包括音乐的时期与流派（如中世纪时期、巴洛克时期、古典时期、浪漫主义时期、民族乐派等）。

1、花过多的精力去赚钱，会使许多人窒息 2、钱多而糊涂的人带来的可能是不幸 3、有钱买得活人倒地 4、金钱是毒蛇 5、金钱是能让我们去除了天堂以外的任何地区性方面军的一份护照；同时，它也能向我们提供除了幸福以外的任何东西。-- 查尔斯·兰姆 6、有钱能使鬼推磨。 7、语言无法做到的事情，金子可以做到 8、一个人要在年轻的时候，感到世界上一切都生气勃勃、趣味无穷，那才需要钱财啊。老天爷为什么不把通常的过程颠倒一下，让多数为首先获得财富，慢慢把它花掉，然后让他们在不需要再有钱的时候，变成一个穷光蛋死去呢？--马克吐温 9、金钱是陷阱 10、莎士比亚诅咒金钱的名言：“金子，黄黄的，发光的，宝贵的金子！只要一点点儿，就可以使黑的变成白的，丑的变成美的，错的变成对的，卑贱的变成尊贵的，老人变成少年，懦夫变成勇士……”… 11、金钱！金钱是人类所有发明中是近似恶魔的一种发明。再没有其它东西比在金钱上有更多的卑鄙和欺骗，因而也没有其它方面能为培植伪善提供这么丰脾的土地。--马卡连柯 12、一个非常喜爱钱财的人，是很难在任何时候也同样非常喜爱他的儿女的。这二者就仿佛上帝和财神一样，形同冰炭。-- 塞缪尔·巴特勒 13、金钱是个好仆人，但是个坏主人 14、一切对财富的过于仔细的关心都散发着贪婪的气味，甚至以一种过于有意的不自然的慷慨去处理钱财，也是不得去费心指挥和关心的。--蒙田 15、对钱要取之有道，用之有度 16、钱上赌场，人上法场 17、金钱能做很多事，但它不能做一切事。我们应该知道它的领域。并把它限制在那里；当它想进一步发展时，甚至要把它们踢回去。--卡莱尔 18、富人很少有伟人，而伟人一般都曾经是穷人 19、我们靠金子活命，有人却为金子送命 20、用什么手段赚钱比赚多少钱重要 21、一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴。 22、金钱是万恶的渊薮 23、钱壮英雄酒壮胆 24、没有钱苦恼，有了钱烦恼 25、时间就是金钱。 26、人从生到死的生活每一步都应是一种隔着柜台的现钱买卖关系，如果我们不是这样登天堂的话，那么天堂也就不是为政治经济学所支配的地方，那儿也就没有我们的事了。--狄更新 27、衙门朝南开，有理无钱莫进来 28、能用钱买来的都不贵 29、钱财如粪土，仁义值千金 30、金钱乃身外之物，生不带来，死不带去 31、如果你把金钱当成上帝，它便会像魔鬼一样折磨你。--菲尔丁 32、有数的钱多数人都会花用，太多的钱只有少数人会享用 33、金钱不是万能的，但没有钱是万万不能的 34、钱多而有头脑，带来的可能是幸福 35、钱袋轻的人有时可能心事很重，钱袋重的人只会有短暂的轻松 36、有了金钱就能在这个世界上做很多事，唯有青春却无法用金钱来购买。--莱曼特 37、大凡不亲手挣钱的人，往往不贪财；亲手赚钱的人才有一文想两文。--柏拉图 38、富有而不知足，最后则可能一无所有 39、钱是用的，水是流的 40、除了天堂的门，金子可以叩开任何门 41、贫穷而知足不失为一种富有 42、有钱的人从来不肯错过一个表现俗气的机会。--巴尔扎克 43、为什么一个人要富有？为什么他一定要有马匹，精致的衣服，漂亮的住宅，到公共场所与娱乐场所去的权利？因为缺少思想。你给他的心灵一个新的形象，他就会逃遁到一个寂寞的花园或是阁楼上去享受它，这梦想使他们那样富有，即使给他一州作为采邑，也还抵不过它。但是我们最终是因为没有思想，所以才发现我们没有钱。我们最初是因为耽溺于肉欲，所以才觉得一定要有钱。--爱默生 44、有钱的大三十岁 45、钱不是万能的 但是没有钱却是万万不能。 46、有钱是可怕的，没钱是可悲的 47、有钱办事事事通 48、贪财是万恶之源 49、如果您失去了金钱，失之甚少；如果您失去了朋友，失之甚多； 如果您失去了勇气，失去一切。 （德）哥德 50、有钱能使鬼推磨 51、学会花钱比学会赚钱重要 52、见钱眼开 关于金钱的谚语 1、钱能通神。 2、有钱姑半路接（zih），无钱姑喙那覕（bhih）。 3、瞎子见钱眼也开。 4、金钱不是万能的，但是没有有钱是万万不能的， 5、人亲情，钱性命 6、沉默是金 7、大人烦恼无钱，囡仔欢喜过年。 8、杀鸡要杀在喉头上，花钱要花在刀口上。 9、一文钱攥出水来。 10、人逐（riok）钱会掠狂，钱逐人会财王。 11、虱母若生济着袂痒，钱若欠人济着袂想。 12、钢要加在刀刃上，钱要花在正路上。 13、人为财死，鸟为食亡。 14、有钱食鮸，无钱免食。 15、牛sàn着无力，人散（san）着白贼。 16、有钱常想无钱日，莫到无钱想有钱。 17、有钱筛酒杯杯满，无钱筛酒浅三分。 18、有了圆里方，百事好商量。 19、有钱讲话会大声，无钱讲无人听。 20、有钱能买鬼推磨，有钱能买高官做。 21、有钱使（sai）鬼会挨磨（ē-bhōr）。 22、一钱难倒英雄汉。 23、生理钱三十年，流汗钱万万年。 24、无钱说话如放屁，有钱说话屁也香。 25、袂生毋值钱，卜生性命相交缠。 26、钱无身，可使鬼。 27、有钱使得鬼推磨。 28、钱能通天，势能压人。 29、有粉就是白，有钱就是哥。 30、借钱滑溜溜，讨钱面忧忧。 31、有钱路路通。 32、银子是白的，眼珠是乌的。 33、有钱乌龟坐大厅，无钱秀才人也惊。 34、有钱是爹，有奶是娘，有势是爷。 35、有钱能买鬼推磨，有钱能买高官做有钱是爹，有奶是娘，有势是爷。 36、钱到公画办，火到猪头烂。 37、衣是翎毛钱是胆。 38、张三有钱不会使，李四会使又无钱。 39、有钱能说话，无钱话不灵。 40、钱多那怕陌生人。 41、有钱到处是杭州，无钱杭州凉愀愀。 42、有钱就是诸葛亮。 43、欠钱怨债主，不孝怨父母。 44、有钱万事圆。 45、衙门钱，一蓬烟；生意钱，六十年；种田钱，万万年。 46、书中自有黄金屋 47、有粉擦在脸上，有钱花在眼上。 48、有钱的王八大三辈。 49、有钱一条龙，无钱一条虫。 50、有钱能使鬼推磨，无钱鬼也不开门。 51、食兄弟，侥伙计，趁钱袂过后世。 关于金钱的名言 1、诺贝尔说：金钱这东西，只要能够一人的生活就行了，若是多了，它会成为遏制人才能的祸害。因此，对于金钱，起千万不能太过可以追求。 2、悭吝人好比地狱，吞咽得越多就越想吞咽，贪多无厌----(奥古斯丁) 3、美食家把钱包放进肚子里，而吝啬鬼把肚子放在钱包里----(英国) 4、能说千句话，不舍一文钱 5、财富造成的贪婪人，比贪婪造成的富人要多(英国) 6、为了金钱而侍奉上帝的人，为了更多的钱也会给魔鬼卖力----(英国) 7、钱财的奴隶决不会对上帝忠诚(托?布朗) 8、有了金钱就能在这个世界上做很多事，唯有青春却无法用金钱来购买。--莱曼特 9、金钱好比肥料，如不撒入田中，本身并无用处。--培根 10、钱是个可恶的东西，用它可以办好事，也可以做坏事。--冈察洛夫 11、相信金钱万能的人，往往会一切为了金钱(英国) 12、地下的金子要从矿脉里挖取，守财奴的金子要从他的灵魂里发拙(萨迪) 13、醉于酒的人会清醒，迷于财的人永远不会清醒(莫桑比克) 14、如果吝啬箭头，怎能猎获走兽(蒙古族) 15、贪婪的人饱不了，吝啬的人富不了(维吾尔族) 16、莎士比亚诅咒金钱的名言:金子，黄黄的，发光的，宝贵的金子!只要一点点儿，就可以使黑的变成白的，丑的变成美的，错的变成对的，卑贱的变成尊贵的，老人变成少年，懦夫变成勇士 17、金钱是个好仆人，但在某些场合也会变成恶主人。--培根 18、吝啬鬼永远处在贫困中(贺拉斯) 19、吝啬鬼把马粪也看成金子(维吾尔族) 20、吝啬鬼锅里的肉永远熟不了(柯尔克孜族) 21、金钱不是万能的，但是没有金钱也是万万不能的。 22、如果您失去了金钱，失之甚少;如果您失去了朋友，失之甚多;如果您失去了勇气，就失去一切。因此，你要看重勇气，尊重朋友，看轻金钱。 关于金钱的英语名言 1、Money road。有钱路路通。 2、No smell of money。金钱无臭味。 3、Money and everything。有钱万事圆。 4、To be poor， to go easy。来得不善，去得也易。 5、Clothing is Ling cents is bile。衣是翎毛钱是胆。 6、A fortress without money。没有金钱攻不破的堡垒。 7、Money never made a man。金钱造不出好汉。 8、Money is never out of date。金钱永远不过时。 9、A knife head of money。钱字头上一把刀。 10、Have no money to pick the lord。得钱不拣主。 11、Not poor， not rich a family。不穷千家，不富一户。 12、Money can Babel， potential pressure。钱能通天，势能压人。 13、Liquor Reds face， black heart of gold。白酒红人面，黄金黑人心。 14、Rich Wang Bada three generation。有钱的王八大三辈。 15、The monk also sold through the money。和尚经钱经也卖。 16、The most addictive drug is money。最容易上瘾的毒品是金钱。 17、Money is the foundation of victory。金钱是胜利的基石。 18、Human wealth， birds die for food。人为财死，鸟为食亡。 19、Kim opened Fuyuan， Sheqipinzhao。俭开福源，奢起贫兆。 20、A penny of the money is coming out of the water。一文钱攥出水来。 21、Non moral， just for the money you。非关道德合，只为钱相知。 22、Money is a good servant， but a bad master。金钱是好的仆人，却是不好的主人。 23、Only money can conquer the world。唯有金钱的力量才能征服整个世界。 24、The sections were not strong， poor。强本而节用，则天不能贫。 25、Money is the most solid foundation in the world。金钱是世界上最坚实的基础。 26、The rich from the poor， it is difficult to move for。财主离穷人，寸步也难行。 27、The powder is white， and the money is the elder brother。有粉就是白，有钱就是哥。 28、Time is money， Time is money！一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴！ 29、No poison not rich， not hungry not a skeleton。不毒不成财主，不饿不成骷髅。 30、By the extravagance and easy， from extravagance to economy。由俭入奢易，由奢入俭难。 31、Money often become a barrier to true friendship。金钱往往成为真正情义的障碍物。 32、The wise man will give up the money to save his life。聪明人肯舍弃金钱，以保全性命。 33、It what money， it is money what property； wine， wine is the property。管它什么金钱，管它什么财产；陈酒就是金钱，陈酒就是财产。 34、Believe that money can do everything for money。相信金钱万能的人，往往会一切为了金钱。 35、Save like yanxianni， waste like river breaching of the dike。节约好比燕衔泥，浪费好比河决堤。 36、You want to kill in the throat， to spend money on the edge。杀鸡要杀在喉头上，花钱要花在刀口上。 37、Money is precious， life is more precious， time is the most precious。金钱宝贵，生命更宝贵，时间最宝贵。 38、Money bought by money will be bought by money。金钱买来的忠诚一定会被金钱所收买。 39、Money brings honor and friend， conquest and territory。金钱带来的是荣誉和朋友，征服和领土。 40、A million treasures of gold and silver， not to bring into the coffin。百万金银财宝，不以带进棺材。 41、Money is the foundation of love， but also the capital of war。金钱是爱情的基础，也是战争的资本。 42、The rich and the poor is poor Jiaoxue rich soup， as hard as iron。财主再富汤浇雪，穷人虽穷硬如铁。 43、Do the Yellow River only for water， as for the money worn tongue。说尽黄河只为水，磨破口舌尽为财。 44、Dont want money， holding the gold to jump down the well。要钱不要命，抱了元宝去跳井。 45、The rich screen cup full， no money to drink three points。有钱筛酒杯杯满，无钱筛酒浅三分。 46、Money than a pure conscience， what is it？金钱比起一分纯洁的良心来，有算得了什么呢？ 47、Dont talk about family chores， dont talk about money， dont talk about women。不谈家庭琐事，不谈金钱，不谈妇女。 48、Money can be the shell of many things， but not the fruit of it。金钱可以是许多东西的外壳，却不是里面的果实。 49、There is a trace of guilt in the profession and business of all the money。人类一切赚钱的职业与生意中都有罪恶的踪迹。 50、If you think of money as God， it will torment you like a devil。如果你把金钱当成上帝，它便会像魔鬼一样折磨你。 51、Money is regarded as God， it will be like the devil curse you。把金钱奉为神明，它就会象魔鬼一样降祸于你。 52、Money is a good soldier， it can make people a hundred times the courage。金钱是个好兵士，有了它就可以使人勇气百倍。 53、Money is not a slave is a master， the two will be one， do not have any other。金钱不是做奴隶就是做主人，二者必一，别无其他。 54、A persons soul is more valuable than all the money in the world。一个人的灵魂比全世界所有的金钱还要贵重。 55、The greedy man that wealth creates is more than the one who causes the rich。财富造成的贪婪人，比贪婪造成的富人要多。 56、The rich man is the possession of money， not the possession of money。有钱人实为金钱所占有，而不是占有金钱。 57、Make a description of modern cinema。 It seems like if its going to cost a lot of money。作一个描述近代的电影。好像如果完成会花费大量的金钱。 58、The person who is drunk in the wine will be sober， and the people who get lost in the money will never be sober。醉于酒的人会清醒，迷于财的人永远不会清醒。 59、The enemy becomes a comrade in arms mostly to survive， his comrades become enemies mostly for money。敌人变成战友多半是为了生存，战友变成敌人多半是为了金钱。 60、With money can do a lot of things in this world， only youth can not use the money to buy。有了金钱就能在这个世界上做很多事，唯有青春却无法用金钱来购买。 61、To give money， to buy the things will not be equivalent。 To pay the spirit， to earn the money is not equivalent。付出金钱，买来的东西不会等值。付出精神，赚来的金钱也不等值。

Oral Administration　 口服给药　 For oral administration, the most common route, absorption refers to the transport of drugs across membranes of the epithelial cells in the GI tract. Absorption after oral administration is confounded by differences in luminal pH along the GI tract, surface area per luminal volume, blood perfusion, the presence of bile and mucus, and the nature of epithelial membranes. Acids are absorbed faster in the intestine than in the stomach, apparently contradicting the hypothesis that un-ionized drug more readily crosses membranes. However, the apparent contradiction is explained by the larger surface area and greater permeability of the membranes in the small intestine.　 口服是最常用的给药途径，其吸收涉及药物通过胃肠道上皮细胞膜的转运。由于给药时相关环境条件的不同，如胃肠道管腔内pH及单位腔道容积的表面积，组织血流灌注情况，胆汁和粘液的存在以及上皮细胞膜的性质等，口服给药的吸收也有差异。酸性药物在肠中的吸收较胃中快，这显然与非解离药物更易透过细胞膜这一假设相矛盾。然而，这种明显的矛盾却可以从小肠具有很大的表面积和小肠细胞膜具有较大的通透性中得到答案。　 The oral mucosa has a thin epithelium and a rich vascularity that favors absorption, but contact is usually too brief, even for drugs in solution, for appreciable absorption to occur. A drug placed between the gums and cheek （buccal administration） or under the tongue （sublingual administration） is retained longer so that absorption is more complete.　 口腔粘膜上皮很薄，血管丰富，有利于药物吸收。但是，接触的时间太短暂，即使是溶液剂也来不及等到明显的吸收发生。把一种药物置于齿龈和面颊之间（颊部给药）或置于舌下（舌下给药）则可保留较长时间，使吸收更加完全。　 The stomach has a relatively large epithelial surface, but because it has a thick mucous layer and the time that the drug remains there is usually relatively short, absorption is limited. Absorption of virtually all drugs is faster from the small intestine than from the stomach. Therefore, gastric emptying is the rate-limiting step. Food, especially fatty foods, slows gastric emptying （and the rate of drug absorption）, explaining why some drugs should be taken on an empty stomach when a rapid onset of action is desired. Food may enhance the extent of absorption for poorly soluble drugs （eg, griseofulvin）, reduce it for drugs degraded in the stomach （eg, penicillin G）, or have little or no effect. Drugs that affect gastric emptying （eg, parasympatholytic drugs） affect the absorption rate of other drugs.　 胃具有相对大的上皮表面，但由于它有较厚的粘液层，而且药物在胃内停留的时间相对较短，吸收也较少。事实上，所有药物在小肠中的吸收速度都要比胃中快。因此，胃排空即是一限速性步骤。食物，特别是脂类食物，延缓胃排空速度（从而也延缓药物吸收速度），这也就是为何某些希望迅速奏效的药物宜空腹服用的原因。食物可增强某些溶解性差的药物（如灰黄霉素）的吸收，减少胃内降解药物（如青霉素G）的吸收，食物以裁缝折吸收或无影响，或影响甚少。影响胃排空的药物（如副交感神经阻断剂）可影响其他药物的吸收速度。　 The small intestine has the largest surface area for drug absorption in the GI tract. The intraluminal pH is 4 to 5 in the duodenum but becomes progressively more alkaline, approaching 8 in the lower ileum. GI microflora may inactivate certain drugs, reducing their absorption. Decreased blood flow （eg, in shock） may lower the concentration gradient across the intestinal mucosa and decrease absorption by passive diffusion. （Decreased peripheral blood flow also alters drug distribution and metabolism.）　 小肠在胃肠道中具有最大的药物吸收表面积。十二脂肠腔内pH值为4~5，管腔内pH值趋碱性逐渐增强，至回肠下部时pH接近8。胃肠道内的菌丛可使某些药物失活，降低药物的吸收。血流量的减少（如休克病人）可以降低跨肠粘膜的浓度梯度，从而减少被动扩散吸收。（外周血流减少也会改变药物的分布和代谢。　 Intestinal transit time can influence drug absorption, particularly for drugs that are absorbed by active transport （eg, B vitamins）, that dissolve slowly （eg, griseofulvin）, or that are too polar （ie, poorly lipid-soluble） to cross membranes readily （eg, many antibiotics）. For such drugs, transit may be too rapid for absorption to be complete.　 肠道通过时间　肠道通过时间能影响药物吸收，特别是经主动转运吸收的药物（如维生素B）、溶解缓慢的药物（如灰黄霉素），或极性太高（即脂溶性差）难以透过细胞膜的药物（如许多抗生素）。这类药物通过太快，致使吸收不全。　 For controlled-release dosage forms, absorption may occur primarily in the large intestine, particularly when drug release continues for > 6 h, the time for transit to the large intestine.　 对控释剂型来说，吸收主要在大肠内进行，特别是药物释放时间超过6小时，也就是药物运达大肠的时间。　 Absorption from solution: A drug given orally in solution is subjected to numerous GI secretions and, to be absorbed, must survive encounters with low pH and potentially degrading enzymes. Usually, even if a drug is stable in the enteral environment, little of it remains to pass into the large intestine. Drugs with low lipophilicity （ie, low membrane permeability）, such as aminoglycosides, are absorbed slowly from solution in the stomach and small intestine; for such drugs, absorption in the large intestine is expected to be even slower because the surface area is smaller. Consequently, these drugs are not candidates for controlled release.　 溶液剂型的吸收　药物吸收受到大量胃肠道内分泌液的影响。药物要想被吸收，就必须要在与低pH环境及潜在的降解酶的接触中生存下来。通常，即使某种药物在肠环境中很稳定，但进入大肠的仍然是极少数。低亲脂性（即膜通透性低）药物，如氨基糖苷类，经胃和小肠溶液被缓慢吸收。而在大肠中，因表面积更小，预期吸收更慢。因此，这些药物不宜制成控释剂型。　 Absorption from solid forms: Most drugs are given orally as tablets or capsules primarily for convenience, economy, stability, and patient acceptance. These products must disintegrate and dissolve before absorption can occur. Disintegration greatly increases the drug"s surface area in contact with GI fluids, thereby promoting drug dissolution and absorption. Disintegrants and other excipients （eg, diluents, lubricants, surfactants, binders, dispersants） are often added during manufacture to facilitate these processes. Surfactants increase the dissolution rate by increasing the wetability, solubility, and dispersibility of the drug. Disintegration of solid forms may be retarded by excessive pressure applied during the tableting procedure or by special coatings applied to protect the tablet from the digestive processes of the gut. Hydrophobic lubricants （eg, magnesium stearate） may bind to the active drug and reduce its bioavailability.　 固体剂型的吸收　主要是出于方便、经济、药物稳定性、及病人接受性的考虑，大多数药物都以片剂或胶囊剂口服给药。这些制剂必须经过崩解和溶解才能被吸收。崩解大大增加了药物与胃肠液的接触表面积，从而促进药物的溶解和吸收。在制药过程中,为了促进崩解和溶解作用，往往添加一些崩解剂和其他赋形剂（如稀释剂、润滑剂、表面活性剂、粘合剂、分散剂）。表面活性剂通过增加药物的吸湿性、溶解度和分散性来增加其溶解速率。在制片过程中压片压力过大，或为了使药片免受肠道消化作用的影响而使用特殊的包衣，可延缓固体剂型的崩解。忌水性润滑剂（如硬脂酸镁）可与活性药物结合而降低其生物利用度。　 Dissolution rate determines the availability of the drug for absorption. When slower than absorption, dissolution becomes the rate-limiting step. Overall absorption can be controlled by manipulating the formulation. For example, reducing the particle size increases the drug"s surface area, thus increasing the rate and extent of GI absorption of a drug whose absorption is normally limited by slow dissolution. Dissolution rate is affected by whether the drug is in salt, crystal, or hydrate form. The Na salts of weak acids （eg, barbiturates, salicylates） dissolve faster than their corresponding free acids regardless of the pH of the medium. Certain drugs are polymorphic, existing in amorphous or various crystalline forms. Chloramphenicol palmitate has two forms, but only one sufficiently dissolves and is absorbed to be clinically useful. A hydrate is formed when one or more water molecules combine with a drug molecule in crystal form. The solubility of such a solvate may markedly differ from the nonsolvated form; eg, anhydrous ampicillin has a greater rate of dissolution and absorption than its corresponding trihydrate.　 溶解速率　溶解速率决定药物吸收时的可用度。当溶解速率低于吸收速率时，溶解就会制约吸收。药物的总体吸收可通过改变配方来加以调控，例如，减小颗粒体积可增加药物的表面积，从而增加那些溶解缓慢吸收受限的药物的胃肠道吸收速率和分量。药物的不同形式，如盐、晶体或水合物等，都可影响溶解速率。不管介质的pH是多少，弱酸的钠盐（如巴比妥酸盐，水杨酸盐）比其相应的游离酸溶解得快。某些药物有多种形态，可以非晶体形或不同晶体形存在。棕榈酸氯霉素有两种存在形态，但只有一种形态能充分溶解吸收，也因而被临床使用。当一个或多个水分子和一个晶体形药物分子相结合时，就构成一种水合物。这种的溶解度可能与非水合物的溶解度有明显的不同。例如，无水氨苄西林的溶解速率和吸收比其它相应水合物的溶解吸收速率都要快得多。　

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