wio-
陶渊明的诗歌从题材上划分主要有田园诗、咏怀诗、咏史诗，其次还有行役诗、赠答诗等。所反映的思想内容主要有以下几个方面：
1．田园诗：描写了自然恬静的田园风光和自然纯朴的田园生活。这是被诗人理想化、艺术化了的一种境界。反映了诗人的恬淡闲适的生活情趣和悠然自得的超脱心境，同时也是对当时黑暗现实和官场丑恶的一种否定。如《归园田居》[少无适俗韵]、[野外罕人事]、《饮酒》[结庐在人境]、《和郭主簿》等。抒写了对躬耕生活的体验和对劳动的热爱，并体现了诗人对农民的深情厚谊。如《归园田居》[种豆南山下]、《庚戌岁九月中于西田获早稻》等。描写自己生活的困顿和农村的凋敝，反映了诗人的理想化境界之外的现实世界。如《怨诗楚调示庞主簿邓治中》、《归园田居》[久去山泽游]、《乞食》等。
2．咏怀诗和咏史诗：陶渊明的咏怀诗和咏史诗内容相近，咏史亦是咏怀，它继承了阮籍《咏怀》和左思《咏史》的诗歌传统。诗的主要内容是抒发个人思想、情怀和志节。有的表现了理想与现实、入世与出世的思想矛盾；有的忧患生命价值的实现，抒发了壮志难酬的苦闷；有的反映了不与黑暗现实同流合污、坚守个人志节的高尚品格；也有的以“金刚怒目式”的方式抒发着激愤的情怀。如《饮酒》、《拟古》、《杂诗》、《咏贫士》、《咏荆轲》、《读山海经》等多属这一类。
3．其它：陶渊明的行役诗是其宦游其间的作品，多是写行役之苦和厌倦仕宦思慕归隐的内容。如《始作镇军参军经曲阿作》等。赠答诗多是写朋友之间的友情。如《答庞参军》、《与殷晋安别》等。此外陶渊明还有一些哲理诗。如《形影神》等。
陶渊明诗歌的艺术成就：
1．恬淡自然、醇厚隽永的艺术风格。陶渊明的诗歌题材和内容贴近平淡的日常生活，诗歌的形象也往往取自习见常闻的事物，而且是直写其事，不假雕琢，不尚辞采，陶渊明田园诗深厚的意蕴只以淡淡的白描和真情实感，托出诗的艺术形象和意境,然平淡之中见神奇，朴素之中见绮丽。朱熹说：“渊明诗平淡，出于自然。”（《朱子语类》）苏轼说他的诗：“质而实绮，癯而实腴。”（《与苏辙书》）又说：“外枯而中膏，似淡而实美。”（《东坡题跋》上卷《评韩柳诗》）元好问说他的诗：“一语天然万古新，豪华落尽见真淳。”（《论诗绝句三十首》）陶诗除了这种基本风格外，还有一些被鲁迅称为“金刚怒目式”（《且介亭杂文二集·题未定草》）的诗歌。朱熹也曾谈到他豪放的一面：“陶渊明诗，人皆说是平淡，据某看他自豪放，但豪放得来不觉耳。其露出本相者，是《咏荆轲》一篇，平淡底人如何说得这样言语出来。”（《朱子语类》）
2．高远拔俗、天然浑成的艺术境界。陶渊明的诗歌意象看似平淡无奇，然却创造了高远拔俗的艺术境界。其诗的主旨在于写意，在于表达自己的心志、情趣和人生体悟，而写景、叙事只是为意造境。陶诗的许多作品达到了物我合—、主客融合的浑然天成的艺术境界，做到情、景、理的交融统一。
3．天然本色、精练传神的语言。陶渊明的诗歌不尚藻饰，不事雕琢，而是惯用朴素自然的语言和疏淡的笔法精练地勾勒出生动的形象，传达出深厚的意蕴，达到了写意传神的艺术效果。他善于提炼日常生活口语入诗，沾染着浓厚的生活气息，也常用比喻、象征、寄托等手法，即使使用典故也是俗语化。
陶渊明的生平
陶渊明（365？～427），又名潜，字元亮，号五柳先生，寻阳柴桑（今江西九江附近）人。
陶渊明生活在晋宋易代之际十分复杂的政治环境之中。他的曾祖父陶侃曾任晋朝的大司马；祖父做过太守，父亲大概官职更低一些而且在陶渊明幼年就去世了。在重视门阀的社会里，陶家的地位无法与王、谢等士族相比，但又不同于寒门。陶侃出身寒微，被讥为“小人”，又被视为有篡位野心之人。可以想见，他的后人在政治上的处境是相当尴尬的。
陶渊明在柴桑的农村里度过少年时代，“少无适俗韵，性本爱丘山”（《归园田居》其一），“少年罕人事，游好在六经”（《饮酒》其十六），便是那时生活的写照。他常说因家贫而不得不出仕谋生，这固然是实情，但也不能排除一般士人具有的那种想要建功立业的动机。“猛志逸四海，骞翮思远翥”（《杂诗》其五）就透露了这一消息。陶渊明29岁曾任江州祭酒，不久即辞职。后来江州召为主簿，他未就任。
晋安帝隆安二年（398），陶渊明到江陵，入荆州刺史兼江州刺史桓玄幕。当时桓玄掌握着长江中上游的军政大权，野心勃勃图谋篡晋。陶渊明便又产生了归隐的想法，在隆安五年（401）所写的《辛丑岁七月赴假还江陵夜行涂口》中说：“诗书敦素好，林园无世情。如何舍此去，遥遥至西荆！”这年冬因母孟氏卒，便回寻阳居丧了。此后政局发生了急剧的变化，安帝元兴元年（402），桓玄以讨尚书令司马元显为名，举兵东下攻入京师。元兴二年（403）桓玄篡位，改国号曰楚。元兴三年（404）刘裕起兵讨伐桓玄，入建康，任镇军将军，掌握了国家大权，给晋王朝带来一线希望。于是陶渊明又出任镇军将军刘裕的参军，在赴任途中写了《始作镇军参军经曲阿作》。他的心情矛盾，一方面觉得时机到来了，希望有所作为：“时来苟冥会，婉辔憩通衢。”另一方面又眷恋着田园的生活：“聊且凭化迁，终返班生庐。”这时刘裕正集中力量讨伐桓玄及其残馀势力，陶渊明在刘裕幕中恐难有所作为。到了第二年即安帝义熙元年（405），他便改任建威将军江州刺史刘敬宣的参军。这年八月又请求改任彭泽县令，在官八十馀日，十一月就辞官归隐了。这次辞去县令的直接原因，据《宋书》本传记载：“郡遣督邮至，县吏白：‘应束带见之。"潜叹曰：‘我不能为五斗米折腰向乡里小人！"即日解印绶去职。”而他辞官时所作的《归去来兮辞》说出了更深刻的原因：“归去来兮，请息交以绝游，世与我而相违，复驾言兮焉求！”陶渊明彻底觉悟到世俗与自己崇尚自然的本性是相违背的，他不能改变本性以适应世俗，再加上对政局的失望，于是坚决地辞官隐居了。
辞彭泽令，是陶渊明一生前后两期的分界线。此前，他不断在官僚与隐士这两种社会角色中做选择，隐居时想出仕，出仕时要归隐，心情很矛盾。此后他坚定了隐居的决心，一直过着隐居躬耕的生活，但心情仍不平静：“日月掷人去，有志不获骋。念此怀悲凄，终晓不能静。”（《杂诗》其二）他在诗里一再描写隐居的快乐，表示隐居的决心，如“且共欢此饮，吾驾不可回”（《饮酒》其九）；
“托身已得所，千载不相违”（《饮酒》其四）。这固然是他真实的感受，但也可以视为他坚定自己决心的一种方法。在后期他并非没有再度出仕的机会，但是他拒绝了。晋朝末年曾征他为著作佐郎，不就。刘裕篡晋建立宋朝，他更厌倦了政治，在《述酒》诗里隐晦地表达了他对此事的想法。到了晚年他贫病交加，
“江州刺史檀道济往候之，偃卧瘠馁有日矣。道济谓曰：‘贤者处世，天下无道则隐，有道则至。今子生文明之世，奈何自苦如此？"对曰：‘潜也何敢望贤，志不及也。"道济馈以粱肉，麾而去之。”（萧统《陶渊明传》）宋文帝元嘉四年去世前写了一篇《自祭文》，文章最后说：“人生实难，死如之何？呜呼哀哉！”
这成为他的绝笔。死后，朋友们给他以谥号曰“靖节先生”。他的好友颜延之为他写了诔文，这篇诔文是研究陶渊明的重要资料。《宋书》、《晋书》、《南史》都有他的传记。
参考资料：根据网络搜集
Chen-
Two days to cross papers, abstracts content requires translation into English, I limited ability, a lot of software translation errors, because time is pressing and urged the English Gaoshoubangbangmang (please do not use translation software or online), the next thankful! Translation almost on the line, the key is fluent! Following is a translation is required elements:
On Tao Yuanming poem entitled "birds" image
Abstract: Tao Yuanming living in the social turbulence of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Liusong easy generation, known as the "pastoral poet," said. Most of his poems often use sustenance and symbol of the way in his chants such as "Flying Bird" and "Green Pine", "Gounsa," "Qiu Ju" in nature often Jiyu special meaning, so that it is no longer as simple spirits enter poetry, and a poet intended contains Ogata, the mind of the image, which combined into a special poetry Image System. The "birds" image and, unlike other imagery, is the embodiment of the self-image of the poet, is the main moral character, a prominent embodiment of the spirit of personality.
Key words: Tao Yuanming birds emotional trajectory spiritual journeyTwo days to cross papers, abstracts content requires translation into English, I limited ability, a lot of software translation errors, because time is pressing and urged the English Gaoshoubangbangmang (please do not use translation software or online), the next thankful! Translation almost on the line, the key is fluent! Following is a translation is required elements:
On Tao Yuanming poem entitled "birds" image
Abstract: Tao Yuanming living in the social turbulence of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Liusong easy generation, known as the "pastoral poet," said. Most of his poems often use sustenance and symbol of the way in his chants such as "Flying Bird" and "Green Pine", "Gounsa," "Qiu Ju" in nature often Jiyu special meaning, so that it is no longer as simple spirits enter poetry, and a poet intended contains Ogata, the mind of the image, which combined into a special poetry Image System. The "birds" image and, unlike other imagery, is the embodiment of the self-image of the poet, is the main moral character, a prominent embodiment of the spirit of personality.
Key words: Tao Yuanming birds emotional trajectory spiritual journeyTwo days to cross papers, abstracts content requires translation into English, I limited ability, a lot of software translation errors, because time is pressing and urged the English Gaoshoubangbangmang (please do not use translation software or online), the next thankful! Translation almost on the line, the key is fluent! Following is a translation is required elements:
On Tao Yuanming poem entitled "birds" image
Abstract: Tao Yuanming living in the social turbulence of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Liusong easy generation, known as the "pastoral poet," said. Most of his poems often use sustenance and symbol of the way in his chants such as "Flying Bird" and "Green Pine", "Gounsa," "Qiu Ju" in nature often Jiyu special meaning, so that it is no longer as simple spirits enter poetry, and a poet intended contains Ogata, the mind of the image, which combined into a special poetry Image System. The "birds" image and, unlike other imagery, is the embodiment of the self-image of the poet, is the main moral character, a prominent embodiment of the spirit of personality.
Key words: Tao Yuanming birds emotional trajectory spiritual journeyTwo days to cross papers, abstracts content requires translation into English, I limited ability, a lot of software translation errors, because time is pressing and urged the English Gaoshoubangbangmang (please do not use translation software or online), the next thankful! Translation almost on the line, the key is fluent! Following is a translation is required elements:
On Tao Yuanming poem entitled "birds" image
Abstract: Tao Yuanming living in the social turbulence of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Liusong easy generation, known as the "pastoral poet," said. Most of his poems often use sustenance and symbol of the way in his chants such as "Flying Bird" and "Green Pine", "Gounsa," "Qiu Ju" in nature often Jiyu special meaning, so that it is no longer as simple spirits enter poetry, and a poet intended contains Ogata, the mind of the image, which combined into a special poetry Image System. The "birds" image and, unlike other imagery, is the embodiment of the self-image of the poet, is the main moral character, a prominent embodiment of the spirit of personality.
Key words: Tao Yuanming birds emotional trajectory spiritual journey
豆豆staR-
In the situation of economic globalization, China"s private enterprises "go out" for foreign direct investment is the inevitable choice. But by various factors, China"s foreign direct investment in private enterprises there are still many disadvantages. If backward technology, financing difficulties, such as shortage of talent. These disadvantages of China"s private enterprises severely limits the activities of foreign direct investment. "Clusters" Foreign direct investment is an ideal option to overcome these disadvantages. This paper analyzes the individual free of the disadvantages of private enterprises and private enterprises and foreign direct investment "cluster" Foreign Direct Investment The unique advantages, and a brief account of China"s private enterprises "cluster" status on the basis of foreign direct investment. China"s private enterprises to promote the "cluster" of foreign direct investment policy recommendations.
Key words: Tao Yuanming birds emotional trajectory spiritual journeyTwo days to cross papers, abstracts content requires translation into English, I limited ability, a lot of software translation errors, because time is pressing and urged the English Gaoshoubangbangmang (please do not use translation software or online), the next thankful! Translation almost on the line, the key is fluent! Following is a translation is required elements:
On Tao Yuanming poem entitled "birds" image
Abstract: Tao Yuanming living in the social turbulence of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Liusong easy generation, known as the "pastoral poet," said. Most of his poems often use sustenance and symbol of the way in his chants such as "Flying Bird" and "Green Pine", "Gounsa," "Qiu Ju" in nature often Jiyu special meaning, so that it is no longer as simple spirits enter poetry, and a poet intended contains Ogata, the mind of the image, which combined into a special poetry Image System. The "birds" image and, unlike other imagery, is the embodiment of the self-image of the poet, is the main moral character, a prominent embodiment of the spirit of personality.
gitcloud-
In the situation of economic globalization, China"s private enterprises "go out" for foreign direct investment is the inevitable choice. But by various factors, China"s foreign direct investment in private enterprises there are still many disadvantages. If backward technology, financing difficulties, such as shortage of talent. These disadvantages of China"s private enterprises severely limits the activities of foreign direct investment. "Clusters" Foreign direct investment is an ideal option to overcome these disadvantages. This paper analyzes the individual free of the disadvantages of private enterprises and private enterprises and foreign direct investment "cluster" Foreign Direct Investment The unique advantages, and a brief account of China"s private enterprises "cluster" status on the basis of foreign direct investment. China"s private enterprises to promote the "cluster" of foreign direct investment policy recommendations.
北有云溪-
Tao Yuanming living in the social turbulence of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Liusong easy generation, known as the "pastoral poet," said. Most of his poems often use sustenance and symbol of the way in his chants such as "Flying Bird" and "Green Pine", "Gounsa," "Qiu Ju" in nature often Jiyu special meaning, so that it is no longer as simple spirits enter poetry, and a poet intended contains Ogata, the mind of the image, which combined into a special poetry Image System. The "birds" image and, unlike other imagery, is the embodiment of the self-image of the poet, is the main moral character, a prominent embodiment of the spirit of personality. <br> Key words: Tao Yuanming birds emotional trajectory spiritual journey
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贝贝-
Two days to cross papers, abstracts content requires translation into English, I limited ability, a lot of software translation errors, because time is pressing and urged the English Gaoshoubangbangmang (please do not use translation software or online), the next thankful! Translation almost on the line, the key is fluent! Following is a translation is required elements:
On Tao Yuanming poem entitled "birds" image
Abstract: Tao Yuanming living in the social turbulence of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Liusong easy generation, known as the "pastoral poet," said. Most of his poems often use sustenance and symbol of the way in his chants such as "Flying Bird" and "Green Pine", "Gounsa," "Qiu Ju" in nature often Jiyu special meaning, so that it is no longer as simple spirits enter poetry, and a poet intended contains Ogata, the mind of the image, which combined into a special poetry Image System. The "birds" image and, unlike other imagery, is the embodiment of the self-image of the poet, is the main moral character, a prominent embodiment of the spirit of personality.
Key words: Tao Yuanming birds emotional trajectory spiritual journey
里论外几-
ao Yuanming lives in social turbulent Eastern Jin Dynasty Liu Songyi
when the generation, usually has "the pastoral poet" the name. His
majority of poetic compositions often all utilize the technique which
reposes and symbolizes, recites in him chants like "the bird", "the
pine", "the orphaned cloud", "the fall chrysanthemum" and so on in the
natural scenery frequently stays the special meaning, causes it all no
longer to take the simple physical image enters the poetry, but
becomes contains the poet intention, the point of view image, thus the
group synthesizes the special poetry image system. Among "the bird"
this image also does not have to other images, is the poet self- image
incarnation, is the dominant moral system sentiment, the personality
spirit prominently manifests. Key word: Tao Yuanming bird emotion path
mind course