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dentist怎么读

dentist[英][ˈdentɪst] [美][ˈdɛntɪst] 生词本 简明释义 n.牙科医生 复数:dentists 以下结果由 金山词霸 提供 柯林斯高阶英汉词典 网络释义 1.N-COUNT牙科医生;牙医A dentist is a person who is qualified to examine and treat people"s teeth. Visit your dentist twice a year for a check-up. 每年去牙医处做两次牙齿检查.

dentist英文

dentist的意思是牙医。牙科医生简称牙医,就诊科室:口腔科,若出现口腔不适,需前往口腔科就诊。我们可以从早期人类的头骨中发现一些粗糙地填补过的牙齿,还有古代的假牙。埃及一个建于公元前3000年的古墓中发现的一块木质嵌板,上面绘有“黑西里”,也就是医生、牙医或“治牙的人”。1400年,英国的亨利四世委任弗林特为“伦敦的拔牙手”,替有牙患的人治疗,每天给他六便士作为报酬。拔牙是一件非常痛苦的事情,有些时候,拔牙还是一种刑罚,是刽子手的一项工作。19世纪以前,牙医都没有好的声誉,直至牙医学校出现,牙医技术才有所改善。1878年,英国政府通过法律,确保牙医必须经过正统训练。1872年,美国发明了现代牙医用的牙钻。早期的牙钻,原理和缝纫机一样,牙医用脚控制踏板,使牙钻转动。最新的牙钻由压缩空气或水作动力,每分钟可以转动50万次。中国最早起源于由加拿大牙科医师林则于1917年在成都华西协合大学医科中设立牙科系。二年后扩建为牙学院,这是中国最早创立的现代牙科教育的最高学府。双语例句:1、Dentist: Yes, I think so.牙医:我想是这样。2、I have an appointment with my dentist this afternoon.我今天下午和我的牙医有约。3、It is important to see your dentist if you have toothache.如果你牙痛,去看牙医是很重要的。

dentist是什么意思

牙医

dentist的复数形式怎么写

dentist这个英语名词表示“牙医”时属于可数名词,dentist的复数形式是dentists。 扩展资料   dentist是什么意思   dentist这个英语单词的词性是名词,dentist的单词意思是牙科医生,牙医诊所。   dentist的复数形式怎么写   dentist这个英语名词表示“牙医”时属于可数名词,dentist的`复数形式是dentists。   dentist同近义词辨析   dentist与physician,doctor都可以表示“医生”,这三个单词之间的区别是:   1、dentist:这个单词指专门从事治牙的医生。   2、physician:主要指医院的内科医生。   3、doctor:属于普通用词,可以泛指各科医生,即一切有行医资格的人。

Dentist怎么读

dentist(丹梯斯特)[英][u02c8dentu026ast][美][u02c8du025bntu026ast]n.牙科医生; 复数:dentists

dentist什么意思

牙医的意思

请问chairman,president,director在职位上的用法和区别,还有表示副的deputy,vice,associate有什么区别?

chairman面对团体机构,president面对国家,director面对机构内的部门。deputy面对行政,vice 面对国家领导和商业组织,associate面对教育医疗机构

identity by descent,IBD 是什么意思,中文意思

identity by descent,IBD 血源同一,IBD IBD是简称,是前面三个单词的第一个字母identity by descent[医]血源同一; 血统身份[英][aiu02c8dentiti bai diu02c8sent][美][au026au02c8du025bntu026ati bau026a du026au02c8su025bnt]

are+you+anew+student+here,本句是什么句式?

Are you a new student here?你是这里的新学生吗?主系表结构的简单句

we have anew student today。

各位,今天我们有一个新同学。 ew在单字里发/ju/的音,如: dew 露水 new 新的 newt 蝾螈 mew 喵,咪(拟声词) stew 炖 hew 砍、劈 nephew 侄子,外甥 newspaper 报纸 希望我能帮助你解疑释惑。

students除了anew+student还能组什么词?

students是学生的复数形式。它除了可以组成一名学生或者是一名新的学生,还可以组成一些也就是说some students。或者是还可以组成许多学生many students。a lot of students.

could detect 怎么翻译? in her teeth算地点状语吗 The dentist could detect no decay in her teeth.

牙医检查口腔后没发现她有任何蛀牙。In Her teeth是地点状语。detect发现。

home indpendently develop independence.对不对

不对。宅在家里是动名词短语,动词要加ing,谓语动词develop要用三单形式......develops

coincident coincidental有什么区别

coincidence n.(u/c) (在时间或空间上)巧合;巧事 The plot of the novel relies too much on coincidence to be realistic. 这部小说的情节多靠巧合安排而无真实感。 By a strange coincidence we happened to be traveling on the same train. 巧得出奇,我们正好坐同一列火车。 coincide vi. ~ with sth (指事情)同时发生 Her arrival coincided with our departure. 她来到时我们正好离开。 coincident adj. 巧合的 coincidental adj. 由巧合造成的 coincidentally adv.

coincident coincidental有什么区别,他们都是形容词啊,用法等方面有什么区别

coincidence n.(u/c) (在时间或空间上)巧合;巧事 The plot of the novel relies too much on coincidence to be realistic. 这部小说的情节多靠巧合安排而无真实感. By a strange coincidence we happened to be traveling on the same train. 巧得出奇,我们正好坐同一列火车. coincide vi.with sth (指事情)同时发生 Her arrival coincided with our departure. 她来到时我们正好离开. coincident adj.巧合的 coincidental adj.由巧合造成的 coincidentally adv.

完型填空第一句One cold rainy evening last October ,as a medical student ,I was in a hospital 找整篇

One cold, rainy evening last October, I was in the neurology ward desperately “hunting” for the final three patients I needed to complete my study. The records showed that there was a 43-year-old stroke patient, whom I will call Ms A, in the ward.    Holding a patient questionnaire, I walked towards her room. I didn"t see any doctors or nurses; the ward was quiet. Ms A"s dimly lit room had eight beds. I could see dark clouds and heavy raindrops through the window. The familiar “hospital odour” hung in the chill air.    Ms A was lying on bed 4B, clearly still weak as she was still recovering from her recent stroke. There were no relatives or friends with her. Even the bed beside her was empty. I sat down on a chair next to her bed, and in a low voice I introduced myself and asked how she was doing. She softly replied that she was getting better but the left side of her body was still weak. When I told her that I wanted to gather some additional information from her, she agreed.    The questionnaire consisted of three simple yes-or-no questions. After I finished, I prepared to leave so I could go through more medical records. Before I could stand up, Ms A spoke up in her weak voice. “I haven"t seen you here before, doc. Are you new?”    “Not really, Ma"am. It"s just that I don"t come here every day,” I replied. She started making conversation, asking where I was from and why I was working so late in the evening. I was surprised someone in her condition would want to talk.    “Doc, do you think I can get back my normal life?” Ms A asked at one point.    Deep in my heart, I thought, God, I wish I was your doctor so I could answer you properly.    I replied that while I didn"t know much about her case, I could tell her what I had learned about the recovery of stroke patients. Depending on the severity of the stroke, quite a number respond well to rehabilitation. I was reluctant to go into too much detail as I was only a medical student.    Ms A started talking about herself. She told me that she had three children in primary school, who were staying with a neighbour. “My husband died a year ago and I"m the sole breadwinner of my family. We are not rich and my pay as a cleaner is exactly enough for me and my kids.”    I didn"t know what to say. Looking into her eyes, I desperately tried to remember the lessons from a communication skills class I had taken a few years earlier, but my mind was blank. I cursed myself for not paying more attention.    Without realising it, I had begun holding Ms A"s hand. Since I didn"t have anything to say, I just sat quietly while she talked. That"s when it occurred to me that she was not expecting any reply from me. She just wanted me to listen.    The conversation went on like this for about 20 minutes. She shared her difficulties and sufferings, talked about her husband, who was killed in a car accident, and her struggles to earn money. She also expressed her fear about what would become of her children if something bad happened to her. All I did was nod my head as a way of showing my sympathy.    Finally, Ms A stopped talking. “I"m very sorry for keeping you here to listen to my problems, but I feel relieved now. I had no-one to pour out my problems to.”    A single tear fell from the corner of her eye. I stroked her hair and continued to hold her hand. Finally, I knew what to say. “It"s OK, Ma"am. It"s part of my duty.”    “Thank you, doc, thank you so much.”    She let go of my hand. I stood up, covered her with a blanket, waved goodbye and left her alone in her bed. A few days later, when I returned to the ward, I discovered that Ms A had been discharged as her condition had improved, though she would still need rehabilitation.    Ms A taught me one of the most important lessons a doctor can learn. Sometimes patients do not need expensive medicine or state-of-the-art technology. They just need someone with the patience and willingness to lend an ear and spare a little of their time. For me, that is one of the best things a doctor can do for a patient.    MUHAMMAD FAIRUZ BIN ABDULLAH, a 24-year-old Malaysian, has now entered his clinical studies at the Gadjah Mada University Faculty of Medicine. He will complete his medical degree next year.

For a collage student.谓语缺失怎么改?

您好,for a college student是一个介词短语,意思是“对一个大学生来说”,填上谓语也不一定对哦!

求一篇英语作文 作文题目《College Students Job Hunting》

Nowadays, the employment of college students is becoming more and more of a problem. About a decade ago, university students could find satisfactory and enviable jobs after graduation, while the things are quite different at present. In addition, according to statistics, about 30% of graduate students canu2019t find a job but stay at home after graduation.Employment difficulty of college students is due to the following reasons. Among these, the increasing recruitment of colleges and universities plays a vital role. In addition, many colleges and universities fail to adapt their courses to the development of economy.Considering the seriousness of unemployment of college students, I think it is high time that we took effective measures to solve the problem. Above all, college students should realize their own defects and further improve themselves to keep their competitive edge in society. Moreover, colleges or universities should provide more trainings and internship opportunities before the students enter the society. Besides, college students should hold a right attitude towards jobs and set their job expectations at a suitable level. Only through these ways can the college students find a satisfactory job and have a brighter future.

"大学生"可以怎样翻译?可以这样吗?The students of the univesities and colleges.

university student, college student都是大学生的意思。university指综合性的大学,college是学院性质的。

college student 和 student of junior colleges以及undergraduate的区别

depends on where you are.

resident’s booklet是什么意思啊??

同学你好,很高兴为您解答!  resident"s booklet,您说的这个英文词语在CMA的考试中比较常见,学会这个词语对考取英文CMA资格证书特别有帮助。这个词语的汉语意思是:户口薄。  希望高顿网校的回答能帮助您解决问题,更多CMA的相关问题欢迎提交给高顿企业知道。高顿祝您生活愉快!

the anchorage-independent colony formation ability什么意思

the anchorage-independent colony formation ability锚定独立集落形成能力 拼音 双语对照 重点词汇释义colony formation群体形成,集落形成ability能力,资格; 能耐,才能

dental root elevator 有人知道这是什么工具嘛,牙科用的专业工具。

牙根挺,牙根升运器仔细想了下,估计就是这个意思。你看看那机器的造型像不像咯

2010专四作文答案 英语专四的范文(Should college students hire cleaners)

Should College Students Hire Cleaners? 范文 College Students, Please Mind Your Own Business! --Should College Students Hire Cleaners? Several years ago, a middle school in Shanghai announced that students would be required to pull up and remove the weeds growing on the school"s playground. The next day, what did happen was that, instead of doing the work themselves, the students stood in the shade of the buildings and the trees, watching their parents doing the work on their behalf in the midday heat. What a “spectacular” scene of doting parents and spoiled children! The idea and the practice that college students in China should hire cleaners to keep their dorms clean are just an extension of such notorious dotage and spoiling and, as such, constitute an unmistakable indication of our education being truly sick and decadent. Those who advocate and support the contention maintain that, as Chinese families get materially better-off in recent years, college students have the implicit freedom to spend their money on whatever they desire and hiring cleaners to keep their dorms clean can help students save time, which they presumably can spend on their studies. However, such a chain of reasoning is seriously flawed. Admittedly, people could spend their legitimately-earned money on whatever they like; however, they should do so only to the extent that they spend the money on those commodities and services they themselves are incapable of. For each college student sharing a dorm with 4 or 5 roommates, there are at most 3 or 5 square meters of space for him or her to tend to, including the space in the corridor. Keeping such a small space tidy and clean is a piece of cake for any college student as an adult; the labor involved in the process is minimal, so is the time required. When frugality is still a universally acknowledged virtue in the present-day world, spending money on hiring cleaners for a trivial responsibility students are wholly capable of performing themselves is simply an act of money squandering. Managing a dorm one lives in is really assuming responsibilities for one"s own actions. When the dorm gets disorderly and unclean, it is its inhabitants who should get it tidy and clean. In performing the cleaning him/herself, a college student learns to share the responsibility for managing a public space of which one is a part. The student also shows respect for the common welfare of the entire dorm. Cleaning one"s own dorm is a necessary process whereby one becomes a responsible person. What actually lies behind such a contention is a deep-entrenched contempt for manual labor and the argument that hiring cleaners could help students save time and devote to their studies is a mere pretext. Typically, college education is not dominated by heavy loads of coursework and a college student has ample time to manage his/her own affairs apart from his or her studies. Usually, those students who claim they are too busy to clean their own dorms are most often found otherwise preoccupied with playing computer games or shopping. They refuse to do manual labor because they tend to regard themselves as elites or the “chosen ones” once they succeed in entering a college. As self-styled elites, they believe they are bound for white-collar careers and thus have the privilege to stay aloof from menial work of a blue-collar worker. This naturally leads to a serious question regarding the ultimate aim of our education. No one denies the importance of learning but acquiring learning is only part of the college education. Essentially, college education is about the development of a whole person, who can apply the knowledge and the skills in diverse intellectual spheres to cope with the challenges ahead and turn one into a person instrumental to our society. Barack Obama is a living example of how a responsible person can grow into a global leader. What are most impressive about this first Afro-American president of the United States are not those impassioned speeches he has made about “Yes, Change We Can” but his readiness to serve the society through practical social work. On January 19, 2009, just one day before his inauguration, the president-elect worked as a volunteer at the Sasha Bruce Youthwork Shelter, painting the walls of the dormitories for homeless teens. This illustrates that the avoidance of physical labor is never the mark of a true elite. In the Chinese labor market, recent years have already witnessed an alarming surplus of college graduates, among whom a considerable proportion has found it hard to be employed. One of the reasons for their unemployment is their failure to acquire effective skills to solve practical problems. This constitutes a sharp contrast with the Japanese corporate culture in which newly-recruited college graduates start their professional careers not with the fundamentals of office work, but with the cleaning jobs in the company toilets. By forming their character and shaping their willpower, toilet cleaning enables Japanese college graduates to become CEOs of many influential multinational companies. This culture is echoed in South Korea where the Minister of the National Treasury worked part-time as toilet cleaner in the wake of the Asian financial crisis about a decade ago. How could we expect Chinese college students to be future leaders, on national and global scales,when they even refuse to mind their own business of cleaning their dorms? It is well articulated that “those who are ordained for a lofty mission should first be subjected to the most rigorous intellectual and physical hardships.” If learning and knowledge can “civilize one"s mind”, doing physical labor can serve to “brutalize one"s physique.” Instead of being reciprocally repulsive, those two impulses are what a college student ought to cultivate in the equal measure. Whether or not college students should hire cleaners to take care of their dorms is not a matter of money or of time, but a matter of whether we expect to develop ourselves into men of integrity, responsibility, and maturity. To the extent that Chinese college students should cultivate healthy and productive value orientations, they should take every precaution against becoming spoiled by the materialistic well-being that the country as a whole is currently experiencing. After all, there are provinces of human behavior where money cannot and should not exert its impact because such behavior is measured not in terms of money but in terms of moral values. 范文2 Recently there are reports in newspapers and internet that most of students of FuDan University who live in newly-built students flat or off-campus housing hire clernness from housekeeping services ,which brings about an intense debate between those students and teachers of the university and also among our society .Facing with the new inclination among our college students ,different people hold different opinions .Some students deem that hiring cleaners as a new form of efficiency which deserves nothing to be accused while some of administers believe that it is an pretense to escape from nsibility.Even someone think that the hiring of clean service is a sign indicating that students are becoming harmonious with society, and what causes those who hold the viewpoint of doing cleanness to think so is their tradditional opinion that colledge students is a separate group of society .As far as I am concerned,I think the argument is not reasonable enough . The main reason for my propensity for the opposite opinion is as follows . It is the reality that our college students have to cope with a great deal of events of our daily life besides study ,and which also occupy a part of our time and energy to some extent .In addition,with the rapid development of our science and technology ,our society offer us more services than before .However it can not be the excuse for us to hire cleaners,and support the idea that hiring cleaners means being harmonious with society and doing cleanness means separation from society which cannot stand to reason.Of course,as students of university ,we have achived the age of adults and shouldnot keep away from our society ,however,as everyone can see that, there are accountless approaches to get in touch with our society besides hiring cleaners.For instance,We can find some part-time jobs and participate some activity associates which can greatly contribute to our contacting with and get harmonious with our society .Maybe someone will argue that these things may account for a lot of time of them , and cause them cannot do well in their study . It is unreasonable to stand by,I think.As long as we make full use of our time and efficiently arrange our time ,we will succeedly make it. Without doubt ,numerous examples can be found in newspapers ,Tvs and internet .With the same age as ours,the main characters of such events can deal with it ,why we cannot ?Even some students spend much of time on playing vidio games and some meaningless things rather than doing cleanness by their own and join in the activity.How can we explain this phenomenon ?Are they busy with their study ?Of course they do not . In addition ,some aspect also deserves some words here .As college students ,we certainly should do everything that we can solve and cultivate the habit of undertaking responsibility and being independent .In the event which we are discussing ,we also should make clear where the money used to hire cleaners comes from .If it is earned by ourselves ,we of course can hire such services.Can such students be called adults ? The general definition for adult is ,at least he or she should be independent .So from this angle hiring cleaners is improper for our students . In a word ,we had better do cleaning by our own rather than hiring cleaners because it only takes a little part of our time and we can easily be good at our study at the same time as long as we arrage our time efficiently and make full use of it.

自反代词中的se怎么区分是直宾还是间宾?比如 Ils se regardent. Elles se rencontrent dans la rue.

主要看动词本身是什么样的动词,及物动词(有直接和间接之分)和非及物动词

She was hopelly confident that she will win the race 其中 confident 是动词吗?? 什么从句??

hopelly是副词,副词能修饰动词及形容词,confident是形容词形式,

Students of today have too many problems that distract them from their studies.

现在的学生有太多的事情干扰他们的学习。

一个六级句子的理解survey barely half of the president

approached 修饰 presidentssurvey barely half of the presidents approached主语不到一半被直接调查的主席bothered谓语费心to respond宾语去回应在 1983 年的调查中, 不到一半的主席愿意回应。

dividend与divedent的区别

dividend[5dividend]n.被除数, 股息, 红利, 额外津贴, 奖金, 年息

I’m sorry a bout the accident. 在这句话中,bout和the这两个

about the,可以弱读about末尾的/t/

what DoNo.5high School students Doin their Free Time 短文翻译

上个月我们问我们的学生有关他们课余时间的活动,我们的问题是有关锻炼,上网和看电视,这是结果我们发现只有百分之十五的学生每天锻炼,45%一周锻炼四到六次,20%的一周只有1----3次,20%的一点也不锻炼我们都知道许多学生经常上网,但我们吃惊90%的每天上网,另外10%至少一用三四次多数学生用它玩面不是学习有关看电视的答案也很有趣,只有2%的一一周看一到三次,30%的一周四到六次,85%的每天看,虽然许多学生喜欢看运动类节目 ,但游戏是最受欢迎了.]通过上网或看运动节目来放松是很好的,但我们认为最好的放松方式是通过锻炼,它对大脑和身体都是健康的,像做运动的锻炼是很有趣的,你能和你的朋友和家人一起运动,记住,旧习难改,在太迟以前开始锻炼吧

corporate identity和corporate branding的区别是什么?

corporate identity:公司特性;corporate branding公司品牌:

想请教你it promotes a strong corporate culture and a coherent corporate identity这句什么意思?

它促使强企业文化和企业认同感得到增强。

accident的各种词性

accident的各种词性形容词和副词:1、accidental:adj.意外的;偶然的2、accidentally:adv.偶然,偶然地:出其不意地;不知不觉地;不知道为什么恰巧例句:The jury returned a verdict of accidental death陪审团作出意外死亡的正式裁决。The coroner recorded a verdict of accidental death.验尸官作出了意外死亡的结论。The rash of accidental shootings underscores how difficult it will be to restore order here.一连串的`意外枪击事件凸显了恢复该地区的秩序有多困难。英英释义a mishap; especially one causing injury or deathanything that happens by chance without an apparent cause

All the books donated by the students from urban schools are said _______

首先你要知道the other day表示过去时间。其次,可以看到前面的donated是过去分词,过去分词表示被动和完成。最后,能够判断出来,书已经捐赠了,而且已经被送到农村的学生手中,用过去完成时态had been sent。be said to do 是被动,表示据说。 加上完成时态,那就是 be said to have been sent(不定式to后用动词原形)

跪求Computers in Students’ Dorm为题的英语作文一篇,120字左右?

puters in Students" Dormitarie It is well known that with the development of the IT technology,puters are very mon on the college campus.Almost every student has a one in his or her dormitary.Different people have different opinions on that.Some people think puters can do good to the students" studies.They can be used by the students for searching for information they need,for relaxiation and so on.Others,howers,believe that puters have influence on their studies.Many students just get online,playing games and viewing unhealthy materials.Some even sit up at night,chating online and watching movies. As far as I am concerned,puter themselve are OK.As we can see,they have caused great benefits to the students.The problem es from the way they use the puters.What we should do is that we shoud e up with some measures to instruct them to use the puter in a right way. 【俊狼猎英】团队,10, mfn123 举报 ........ 加油 puters in Student"s Dormitories It is well known that with the development of the IT technology,puters are very mon on the college campus.Almost every student has one in his or her dormitory.Different people have different opinions on that.Some people think puters can do good to the students.They can be used for searching for information they need,for acplishing the assignments and so on.Others,howers,believe that puters have influence on the students.Many students just get online,playing games and viewing unhealthy materials.Some even sit up at night,chatting online and doing something unrelated to their studies. As far as I am concerned,puters themselve are OK.As we can see,facts prove that they have caused great benefits to the students.The problems e from the way they use the puters,not the puters themselves.So,what we should do is that we shoud e up with some measures to instruct them to use the puters in a proper way instead of banning them in the dormitories. 【俊狼猎英】团队。请尽快采纳!,跪求puters in Students" Dorm为题的英语作文一篇,120字左右 1).现在大学生宿舍几乎人手一台电脑   2).有些人认为会促进学生的学习,有些人认为会影响学生的学习   3).你的看法 最好事自己写的

《Identityand Data Security》txt下载在线阅读全文,求百度网盘云资源

《Identity and Data Security for Web Development》(Jonathan LeBlanc)电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/13vwKWrNebPWy4ADcXs83FA 提取码: 7wk4书名:Identity and Data Security for Web Development作者:Jonathan LeBlanc出版社:O"Reilly Media出版年份:2016-8-25页数:200Book Description :Balancing usability and security when building a website or app can be incredibly difficult. This practical book teaches you a results-driven approach for accomplishing both without compromising either. Not only will you learn what to be aware of when building your systems, but also how to build a solid identity infrastructure across devices that"s both usable and secure. You"ll be able to harden your data infrastructure and privileged user information, while using common techniques to prevent data breaches. You"ll also take a look at future technology that will impact data and identity security.

We hold these truths to be self-evident:that all man are created__and should be treated__

created equal是指创造出来就是平等的,而不是说是被平等地创造出来

Nowadays, there are many people dying because of traffic accidents. Road safety has aroused muc

当前,有很多人死于交通事故。道路安全引起了很多关注。为了减少交通事故,人们制定了很多交通规则,但效果并不理想。依我个人之见,交通安全应当在日常生活中得到重视。行人走在路上的时候,应当走人行道,我们应当学会如何保护自己。此外,驾驶者应当遵循交通规则,这于己于人都是有好处的。换句话说,道路安全值得每个人去特别关注,毕竟生命是最珍贵的。

Independent counsel 独立检察官

Independent counsel 独立检察官 又称特别检察官(special prosecutor),是专职调查美国政府舞弊案的专设职位。政府发生舞弊案时,为避免调查程序受到政府大员及执政党的干涉,司法部长得请求三名资深联邦法官组成的委任小组选择一名特别检察官来主持调查。特别检察官必须公正客观,任命之后享有很大的权限,可以指挥联邦调查局办案、组织大陪审团,传唤证人、给予豁免权、与被告谈判条件式认罪(plea bargaining)。调查经费几乎没有限制,由司法部全额支付。特别检察官只要不犯明显的重大过失,没有人能动得了他,几乎可以为所欲为。 特别检察官一职由来甚早,始自格兰特总统(Ulysses S. Grant,1869-1877)时代对总统私人秘书逃税案的调查。最有名的案件则是特别检察官Archibald Cox对尼克松水*的调查。当时的尼克松总统抗拒Cox的传票,拒不交出与案件有关的录音带,反而压迫司法部长想将Cox革职。司法部长忿然辞职,代理部长亦不屈服于总统的无理要求,辞职*。最后才由第三轮人选出面将Cox免职。这一连串事件发生在同一天,媒体称为Saturday Night Massacre(周末夜*)。水*后国会随即通过立法,此后只有联邦法官委任小组,在特别检察官有重大疾病无法办案或犯有重大过失的前提之下,有权免除特别检察官的职务。 最近一次大出风头的特别检察官是Kenneth Starr,侦办对象是美国总统克林顿。他于1994年被委任调查美国第一夫人希拉里从前开设律师事务所时涉及白水(Whitewater)土地开发舞弊案,矛头逐渐转向克林顿涉案的程度。几年来调查无甚进展,可是又陆续爆发了几件克林顿涉及的性丑闻案,女主角有保拉·琼丝(Paula Jones)与莫妮卡·莱温斯基(Monica Lewinsky)等人。特别检察官办案没有时间限制,手头又只有一件案子,可以全力以赴、追查到底。Starr在阿肯色州小岩城(白水案发生地)与华盛顿设有办公室,也是两地都组成了大陪审团。莱温斯基原任白宫实习助理,据称曾与克林顿在白宫西厅进行口交。克林顿并叫她否认此事,因而设计教唆伪证罪。 Starr于是在莱温斯基泄露了此消息后,在弗吉尼亚州也组成了大陪审团。Starr手下有20人的律师团、20名幕僚以及数十位联邦探员听命办事,并以征得司法部长雷诺(Janet Reno)与三人法官小组的同意,扩大侦办范围至教唆伪证案。 虽然希拉里大力抨击Starr,说他是共和党的打手,可是这个案例充分表现出特别检察官制度不受政府箝制,独立办案,维护政府清廉守法的特性。

some call it arrogant call it confident.翻译成中文是什么意思

意思应该是,有人称傲慢为信心。

外贸中,indent sales是什么意思

indent sales指的是 代购定货

three dozen students为什么百度翻译是三个学生?!! dozen不是1

百度翻译本来就很逗

填空求解答 More than $20,000 has been paid in to victims of another poisoned water accident in the

1.compassion 同情2.bribes(take bribes 收受贿赂)3.objective目标,宗旨4.clapped 轻轻拍打某人5.tame 驯服的6.exaggerated夸张,夸大7.adapt (adapt to 使适应于)8.sit idle闲坐9.dumb 哑的,不说话的10.adopted 采纳,采用你的原句没有给出填词的空,我把这些句子重新整理了一下:1.More than $20,000 has been paid in 【compassion】 to victims of another poisoned water accident in the 2.A court has sentenced two Thai men to two years in prison for taking【bribes】 to help a German criminal escape.3.The【objective】 of the new organization was to provide free legal aid to the poor.4.Everyone laughed, and the captain【clapped】 me on the back and called me a good fellow.5.That wild animal is now so【tame】 that it will eat out of your hand.6.He【exaggerated】 the dangers of the trip to the mountain in order to frighten them into not going.7.For a moment she stood in the doorway, allowing her eyes to【adapt 】 to the dark interior.8.Hundreds of workers sat 【idle】 on the factory floor waiting for the assembly line to start again.9.For those who are【dumb】, a sign language is useful and especially so for mentally disabled people who have speech difficulties.10.The proposed method has, today, been【adopted】 to measure the effectiveness of operational research.

Ferroptosis: An Iron-Dependent Form of Nonapoptotic Cell Death

本文选自CELL,2012,铁死亡开山之作。摘要:非凋亡形式的细胞死亡可能促进某些肿瘤细胞的选择性清除或在特定的病理状态下被激活。致癌的RAS选择性致死小分子Erastin触发了一种独特的铁依赖的非凋亡细胞死亡形式,我们称之为铁死亡。 铁死亡依赖于细胞内的铁,而不依赖于其他金属,在形态、生化和基因上与凋亡、坏死和自噬不同 。我们发现小分子铁抑素-1是一种有效的抑制癌细胞铁下垂和谷氨酸诱导的器官型大鼠脑片细胞死亡的抑制剂,提示这两个过程之间有相似之处。事实上,与谷氨酸一样,Erastin也能抑制胱氨酸/谷氨酸逆向转运蛋白(系统x?)对胱氨酸的摄取,在细胞的抗氧化防御系统中造成空洞,最终导致铁依赖的氧化性死亡。因此,铁死亡的激活会导致某些癌细胞的非凋亡破坏,而抑制这一过程可能会保护生物体免受神经退化的影响。 首先作者研究的方向是非凋亡的死亡形式,其次,在针对RAS突变基因的药物筛选中找到了两个药物ERASTIN 和RSL3,进一步探寻这两种药物作用机制以及对RAS基因突变的治疗效果。 RSL诱导的细胞死亡原因不明,涉及来自未知来源的ROS的积累和铁螯合作用对细胞死亡的抑制。我们观察到这两个过程是相互联系的。用RSL分子erastin(10 mM)处理NRAS突变HT-1080纤维肉瘤细胞后,胞液和脂质ROS从2小时开始呈时间依赖性增加, 这一结果通过分别使用荧光探针H2DCFDA和C11-BODIPY的流式细胞术检测到 (图1B和图1C)。在细胞脱落和明显死亡之前,ROS的增加开始于6小时。与铁螯合剂去铁胺(DFO,100mM)共处理可以抑制ROS的积累和细胞死亡, 而与三种不同的外源铁源孵育 ,但不与其他二价过渡金属离子(Cu2+,Mn2+,Ni2+和Co2+)孵育,则加强了Erastin诱导的死亡(图S1A和S1B可从网上获得)。由于erastin处理的细胞在长时间积累ROS后发生细胞死亡,并被抗氧化剂抑制,表明铁依赖的ROS积累是杀死这些细胞的原因。 由于两个Erastin靶标VDAC2和VDAC3驻留在线粒体中,我们推测Erastin诱导的死亡与线粒体电子传输链(ETC)产生的ROS异常有关。然而, 在Erastin处理(10mM,6小时)的HT-1080细胞中,我们没有观察到MitoSOX敏感的线粒体ROS产生增加 。 ETC复合物I抑制剂鱼藤酮(250 nM,6小时)促进了MitoSOX敏感ROS的产生,但对DFO不敏感 。此外, KRAS突变的143B骨肉瘤细胞由于线粒体DNA(MtDNA)编码转录本(r0细胞)的耗尽而不能形成ETC依赖的ROS,对erastin和RSL3的敏感性与匹配的mtDNA野生型(r+)细胞一样敏感 。因此, 在人类癌细胞中,Erastin诱导的细胞死亡涉及DFO敏感的ROS积聚,并可发生在缺乏功能线粒体等的细胞中 。(一般的氧化应激可能更加依赖线粒体功能,但是线粒体功能与铁死亡发生无关,所以,理论上在所有细胞中都可以诱导铁死亡的发生。) 我们检查了铁死亡是否与凋亡或坏死性死亡或自噬有形态、生物能量或其他相似之处。在透射电镜下,我们观察到, 经erastin处理的HRAS突变体BJeLR工程肿瘤细胞没有表现出与星形孢子素(STS)诱导的凋亡(例如,染色质凝聚和边集)、过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导的坏死(例如,细胞质和细胞器肿胀、质膜破裂)或雷帕霉素诱导的自噬(例如,形成双膜包裹的囊泡)相关的特征形态学特征 。经 erastin处理的细胞中唯一独特的形态学特征是线粒体看起来比正常小,膜密度增加 ,这与我们以前的报告是一致的。 通过对细胞能量代谢来看,erastin,sts细胞内ATP与H2O2处理后完全不同,使用最近报道的调制图谱策略的变体,测试了12种已建立的小分子细胞死亡抑制剂在HT-1080细胞、BJeLR细胞和KRAS突变的CALU-1非小细胞肺癌细胞中预防铁死亡的能力。我们计算了每种抑制剂(按10点4倍稀释系列测试)对致死剂量的erastin(Me<0,死亡致敏;Me=0,无效;Me>0,死亡钝化)处理的细胞归一化活性的调节作用(Me<0,死亡致敏;Me=0,无效;Me>0,死亡钝化)。结果值以无人监督的方式分层聚类,并显示为热图。使用这种方法,我们观察到,erastin诱导的死亡并不一致地受到caspase、组织蛋白酶或calain蛋白酶(z-VAD-fmk、E64d或ALLN)、RIPK1(Necrostatin-1)、亲环素D(环孢素A)或溶酶体功能/自噬(bafilomycinA1、3-甲基腺嘌呤、氯喹)抑制剂的调节。 在HT-1080、BJeLR和CALU-1细胞中,DFO、抗氧化剂Trolox、MEK抑制剂U0126,以及较弱程度的蛋白质合成抑制剂放线菌亚胺(CHX),都从Erastin诱导的死亡中挽救出来。在野生型和凋亡缺陷型Bax/Bak双基因敲除(DKO)小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞中,这些抑制剂也能有效地阻止Erastin诱导的铁死亡,表明铁死亡可以在人和小鼠来源的细胞中被激活,并且不依赖于Bax和Bak调控的核心凋亡机制。DFO、Trolox和U0126都可以阻止H2 DCFDA敏感的ROS在经erastin处理的HT-1080细胞中积累,表明这些抑制剂在上游或在ROS产生的水平上起到了防止死亡的作用。由于Trolox、U0126和膜透性铁螯合剂2,2-联吡啶可以在erastin后6小时加入HT-1080细胞中,并且仍然可以提供实质性的死亡保护, 因此铁死亡可能需要在很长一段时间内持续形成铁依赖的ROS才能触发死亡 。( 铁死亡时ROS积累的过程 ) 最后,在一项调制图谱实验中,测试了DFO、Trolox、U0126、CHX、膜透性铁螯合剂ciclopiroxolamine(CPX)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶模拟物ebselen(EBS)调节erastin、RSL3或其他16种被认为通过各种ROS依赖和ROS非依赖机制杀死细胞的机械上不同化合物的致命性的能力,我们观察到erastin和RSL3形成了一个与所有其他细胞死亡诱导剂分开的独特的簇。总之,这些数据支持这样的假设, 即RSL诱导的铁死亡不同于凋亡、各种形式的坏死和自噬 。 为了探索铁死亡的遗传基础,我们试图识别这一过程中唯一需要的基因。我们把重点放在线粒体的潜在作用上,因为这个细胞器在用erastin处理的细胞中表现出异常的形态。 线粒体基因功能被针对1087个基因的定制arrayedshRNA文库干扰,其中大多数(901个,88%)编码预测的线粒体蛋白(高大上的技术) 。利用这个文库,我们首先比较了erastin(7.3mM)诱导的铁死亡和STS(1 MM)诱导的CALU-1细胞凋亡的遗传抑制能力。在所有5817个信息性发夹中,我们观察到那些从erastin诱导的铁死亡中拯救出来的shRNA和那些从STS诱导的凋亡中拯救出来的shRNA之间没有显著的相关性(Spearman秩和检验,r=0.01,p=0.46),证实了不同的基因网络控制着erastin诱导的铁死亡和STS诱导的凋亡。 接下来,我们在HT-1080细胞中进行了第二次erastin抗性筛选,通过使用严格的确认管道,鉴定了六个高信度基因,每个基因至少有两个独立的shRNA支持,这些基因在HT-1080和CALU-1细胞中都是诱导铁死亡所必需的:核糖体蛋白L8(RPL8)、铁反应元件结合蛋白2(IREB2)、ATP合成酶F0复合亚单位C3(ATP5G3)、柠檬酸合成酶(CS)、四肽重复结构域35(TTC35)和酰辅酶A合成酶家族成员2(ACSF2)。与已建立的erastin诱导的铁死亡对CHX和DFO敏感的本质一致,RPL8是编码翻译所需的60S核糖体亚基的一个组成部分,而IREB2是编码铁代谢的主要调节因子。我们进一步验证了这些结果,表明shRNA介导的 IREB2和IREB2负调控因子FBXL5的沉默导致了已知的铁吸收、代谢和储存基因TFRC、ISCU、FTH1和FTL的表达以及erastin敏感性的交互变化。 这些结果为筛查和确认程序的质量提供了信心。为了建立这些结果在HT-1080和CALU-1细胞中的普适性,我们观察了这些基因在HT-1080、CALU-1和另外6个细胞株中的沉默效果。通过使用每个基因的最有效发夹(由HT-1080细胞中mRNA沉默水平定义)沉默这六个高置信度基因,通过细胞系组合可使79%(38/48)的shRNA获得R20%的挽救。因此, 这些基因似乎是erastin诱导的铁死亡广泛需要的。 接下来,我们测试了这些基因的沉默是否特定地减弱了erastin诱导的铁死亡,或者更广泛地调节了各种致死效应。沉默这六个基因可以防止Erastin诱导的铁死亡(6/6个发夹的R40%挽救),但不能防止STS、鱼藤酮、雷帕霉素、蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132、DNA损伤剂喜树碱或Ca2+依赖的ATP酶抑制剂thapsigargin(0/6个发夹的R40%挽救)诱导的细胞死亡/细胞抑制。 总而言之,这些数据支持这样一种假设,即与其他形式的细胞死亡相比,一个独特的遗传网络控制着erastin诱导的铁死亡 。 ACSF2和CS都与线粒体脂肪酸代谢的调节有关,我们想知道这一过程是否会导致铁死亡。在癌细胞中, 脂肪酸的合成部分依赖于谷氨酰胺(Gln)到α-酮戊二酸的代谢 ,这一过程可以被小分子转氨酶抑制剂氨基氧乙酸(AOA)抑制。在同时含有葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺的细胞培养液中, 我们发现AOA(2 MM)可以将HT-1080和BJeLR细胞从Erastin诱导的铁死亡中解救出来 ,类似于沉默CS和ACSF2的效果。在AOA处理的HT-1080细胞中,通过与α-酮戊二酸二甲酯(DMK)共同孵育恢复了erastin的致死性,DMK提供了下游代谢物,其从Gln的产生被AOA阻断。二氯乙酸(DCA)是一种不相关的线粒体功能调节剂,不会直接影响Gln代谢,但对Erastin诱导的铁死亡没有影响。 这些结果表明,依赖于Gln、CS和ACSF2的脂质合成途径可以提供铁死亡所需的特定脂质前体 。 我们最终的目的是研究体内铁死亡的潜在作用,因此我们试图找出一种有效和特异的药物样小分子抑制剂来抑制这一过程。为了克服许多单个小分子收藏的固有限制,我们组装了一个由9,517个小分子组成的自定义筛选文库,这些小分子来自3,372,615个商业可获得化合物的起始池,这些化合物根据药物的相似性、溶解性、支架多样性和其他参数在硅胶中过滤。对这个铅优化化合物(LOC)文库的筛选和随后的确认研究确定了一种化合物,我们将其命名为铁抑素-1(Fer-1), 它是对erastin诱导的HT-1080细胞(EC50=60nM)中铁死亡最有效的抑制剂。 据我们所知,Fer-1的活性在任何生物系统中都没有报道。我们进行了Fer-1的全合成, 并用这一材料证实了Fer-1的活性,并证明它特异性地抑制了RSL诱导的死亡,但不能抑制其他氧化致命化合物和凋亡诱导剂诱导的细胞死亡 。接下来我们试图确定Fer-1的作用机制, Fer-1不抑制细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)的磷酸化或阻止HT-1080细胞的增殖,这表明它不抑制MEK/ERK途径,不螯合铁,也不抑制蛋白质的合成 。然而, FER-1确实阻止了Erastin诱导的胞浆和脂质ROS的积累 。此外,与阳性对照抗氧化剂Trolox类似, Fer-1在无细胞条件下很容易氧化稳定的自由基2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼(DPPH),这是内在抗氧化潜力的测试 。 用伯芳胺取代硝基(SRS8-24)或消除N-环己基(CA-1)破坏了Fer-1的抗氧化能力 以及它防止erastin(10 MM)诱导HT-1080细胞死亡的能力。因此,Fer-1需要这两种芳香胺来防止RSL诱导的死亡,这一功能似乎与其清除自由基的能力有关。我们的结果提示脂质ROS在Eastin诱导的死亡中起关键作用。因此, 我们假设Fer-1是一种脂质活性氧清除剂,N-环己基部分在生物膜中起到亲脂性锚定的作用。 与这一假设一致的是,在N-取代环状部分的碳数系统变化的一系列10个FeR-1类似物中,我们观察到预测的亲脂性(辛醇-水分配系数,logP)与每个分子的擦除死亡抑制能力之间存在显著的相关性(Spearman R=0.85p=0.002)。在这些类似物中,我们观察到预测的亲脂性(辛醇-水分配系数,logP)与每个分子的erastin-死亡抑制能力之间存在显著的相关性(Spearman R=0.85p=0.002)。值得注意的是,SRS8-72,一种Fer-1类似物,用N-环丙基代替N-环己基,在防止死亡方面比Fer-1弱一个数量级,但在无细胞DPPH试验中仍保持了同等的固有抗氧化能力,潜在的可能是促进Fer-1在脂质膜内的拴系,而不是影响该分子的内在抗氧化潜力。 有趣的是,仅靠脂质分配似乎不足以解释Fer-1的效力。 FER-1具有类似的预测亲脂性,但比两种典型的亲脂性抗氧化剂(Trolox和丁基羟基甲苯[BHT])具有更强的erastin抑制效力 ,同时比两种代表性的可溶性抗氧化剂(TIron和Tempo)亲脂性和效力都要强得多。曲洛克斯和BHT都是酚类抗氧化剂,而Fer-1含有芳香胺。我们假设,这种差异可能赋予Fer-1一个独特的自由基反应性轮廓,使其更好地适应RSL机制。 在癫痫、中风和其他创伤情况下发生在神经系统中的激毒性细胞死亡被描述为一个氧化的、铁依赖的过程。我们推测神经死亡可能与erastin诱导的铁死亡有关。我们通过使用大鼠器官型海马切片培养(OHSC)模型验证了这一假设,该模型通过保留抑制性和兴奋性神经元连接及其支持细胞(包括星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞)的完整性,与活体中的海马非常相似。OHSCs已被证明是铅化合物鉴定和验证的理想复杂制剂,能够预测体内疗效。OHSC用致命的兴奋性刺激(5 mM L-谷氨酸,3小时)治疗,模拟中风和神经退行性疾病的后果。这些切片与谷氨酸和溶剂单独孵育,或与谷氨酸+Fe1(2 MM)、铁螯合剂CPX(5 MM)或N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体拮抗剂MK-801(10MM)共同孵育。在谷氨酸治疗结束24小时后,我们分析了这些复合处理对作为细胞死亡指标的碘化丙啶(PI)摄取的影响,这些区域位于OHSCs的三个确定的区域:齿状回(DG)、CA1和CA3。双因素方差分析显示,脑区因素(F2,75=19.23,p<0.0001)和综合治疗因素(F4,75=67.8p<0.0001)均有显著性差异。着眼于复合治疗效果,Bonferroni后测表明,谷氨酸诱导了脑组织所有三个区域的显著细胞死亡,而与Fer-1、Cpx或MK-801联合处理后,这种死亡明显减弱,且程度几乎相同(P<0.001),但DG内除谷氨酸+MK-801外,其他所有相互作用均显著减弱(图5B-5E)。这些结果表明,谷氨酸诱导的OHSCs死亡和Erastin诱导的癌细胞死亡具有共同的核心致死机制,可以被铁螯合或Fer-1抑制。 CPX和Fer-1抑制Erastin诱导的癌细胞死亡和谷氨酸诱导的OHSCs毒性,这与常见的铁和ROS依赖的死亡执行机制一致。我们想知道这两个过程是否也可以共享任何启动死亡的机制。谷氨酸诱导的脑细胞死亡可以通过离子型谷氨酸受体的钙内流和Na+非依赖性的胱氨酸/谷氨酸逆向转运体系统XCT。钙螯合剂BAPTA-AM、Fura-2和EGTA对Erastin诱导的死亡没有影响,排除Ca2+内流在这一过程中的作用。然而,我们观察到erastin和系统XCT的特异性抑制剂柳氮磺胺吡啶(SAS)的显著聚集。在HT-1080细胞中产生的19个氧化和非氧化致死分子的调控谱中。如果xct抑制可以引发铁死亡,然后通过另一种方式将这种代谢物提供给细胞,应该可以挽救死亡。 b-巯基乙醇(b-ME)可以绕过XCT通过另一种途径促进胱氨酸摄取 ,强烈抑制由erastin、SAS和谷氨酸诱导的HT-1080细胞死亡。正如这些结果预测的那样,SAS和Erastin一样,表现为RSL化合物,尽管其效力比Erastin低得多,这仍然值得注意, 因为SAS是FDA批准的药物,以前没有显示出这种活性 。 XCT是一种由SLC7A11(XCT)和SLC3A2(4F2hc和CD98hc)组成的二硫键连接的杂二聚体 。xct抑制可以导致SLC7A11的补偿性转录上调。 与此一致,我们观察到在用erastin或SAS处理的HT-1080细胞中SLC7A11的显著上调 , 这一效应可被b-ME抑制,但不能被DFO或Fer-1抑制 。带有两个独立的siRNA的siRNA介导的SLC7A11沉默使HT-1080细胞对Erastin诱导的死亡敏感,而将编码DDK标记的SLC7A11的质粒转染HT-1080细胞可保护HT-1080细胞免受erastin和SAS诱导的死亡。鉴于这些结果,我们直接检测了HT-1080细胞摄取胱氨酸的情况。Erastin(10MM)、谷氨酸(50 MM)和SAS(1MM)可阻断Na+非依赖性摄取胱氨酸,而RSL3对此过程无影响。擦除蛋白是如何抑制XCT?亲和纯化数据的分析鉴定SLC7A5(LAT1,4F2lc和CD98lc)是在HRAS野生型BJeH和HRAS突变体BJeLR细胞的裂解物中被活性的erastin亲和类似物结合的唯一蛋白(图6G)。SLC7A5(和SLC7A11一样)是与SLC3A2结合形成不同底物选择性氨基酸转运蛋白的6条轻链之一。 SLC7A5/SLC3A2复合体(系统L)运输大量的中性氨基酸 。在用erastin(1 mM,25分钟)处理的123种人JurkatT淋巴细胞代谢物的图谱中, 观察到系统L底物水平非常显著的降低 ,而非系统L底物水平不变或增加。然而,与系统x的抑制不同的是,由于过量的谷氨酸(12.5mM),使用过量的D-苯丙氨酸(12.5mM)抑制系统L(Kanai和Endou,2003)对erastin没有强烈的敏感性。总之, 这表明erastin抑制系统L介导的氨基酸摄取 ,但这并不直接导致铁死亡。相反, erastin与SLC7A5或SLC7A5/SLC3A2复合物的结合可能干扰SLC3A2/SLC7A11复合物在反式中对胱氨酸的摄取 。 XCT阻断抑制半胱氨酸依赖的谷胱甘肽(GSH)的合成,也抑制跨质膜半胱氨酸氧化还原穿梭,这两种作用都会损害细胞的抗氧化防御,从而促进有毒ROS的积累。 在排除了线粒体等作为Erastin处理细胞中诱导死亡的ROS的来源后, 我们检查了烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)氧化酶(NOX)超氧化物产生酶(NOX1-5,DUOX1,2)家族的作用 ,该家族在几个RAS突变肿瘤中上调。典型的NOX抑制剂二苯基碘(DPI)、NOX1/4特异性抑制剂GKT137831和NADPH生成戊糖磷酸途径(PPP)的抑制剂6-氨基烟酰胺(6-AN)可强烈抑制Erastin诱导的CALU-1细胞铁死亡。在CALU-1细胞中,Erastin诱导的铁死亡被典型的NOX抑制剂DPI、NOX1/4特异性抑制剂GKT137831和NADPH生成戊糖磷酸途径的抑制剂6-氨基烟酰胺(6-AN)强烈抑制。鉴于CALU-1细胞表达NOX1的水平比NOX4高得多,NOX1最有可能在这些细胞中介导观察到的NOX依赖的致死效应。此外,shRNA介导的两种PPP酶,葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)和磷酸甘油脱氢酶(PGD)的沉默,也可以与沉默VDAC2一样防止Erastin诱导的CALU-1细胞铁死亡。 6-AN还可以阻止BJeLR细胞的死亡和ROS的产生,这表明这一途径在这些细胞类型中发挥了重要作用 。另一方面, NOX和PPP抑制剂在防止erastin诱导的HT-1080细胞铁死亡方面只有部分效果 (图7B),这表明除了PPP/NOX途径之外,其他途径也可能对发病起作用。 本文结束,大佬的文章作为开山之作就是不一样,结合我看过的文献,基本上都没有超过这篇所讲述的范畴,看来考古确实比较重要,欢迎批评指正。

The School Life of American Students

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japanese students on the bus de asia ns122日本学生上车去亚洲ns122

sip p-asserted-identity 什么作用

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Was?Ihr Beruf?

交通意外 Traffic Accident

A car accident is an incident during which an automobile either departs from regular pathway into a ditch or collides with anything that causes damage to the automobile including other automobiles telephone poles buildings and trees. Sometimes a car accident may also refer to an automobile striking a human or animal. Car accidents — also called road traffic accidents (RTAs) traffic collisions auto accidents road accidents personal injury collisions motor vehicle accidents and crashes — kill an estimated 1.2 million people worldwide each year and injure about forty times this number (WHO 2004). The term "accident" is considered an inappropriate word by some as reliable sources estimate that upwards of 90% are the result of driver negligence. In the UK the Department of Trport publish road deaths in each type of car. These statistics are available as "Risk of injury measured by percentage of drivers injured in a o car injury accident." These statistics show a ten to one ratio of in-vehicle accident deaths beeen the least safe and most safe models of car. The statistics show that for popular lightly built cars occupants have a 6%-8% chance of death in a o car accident. (e.g. BMW 3 series 6% Subaru Impreza 8% Honda Accord 6%). Traditional "safety cars" such as the Volvos halve that chance (Volvo 700 4% incidence of death Volvo 900 3%). The Jeep Cherokee and the Toyota Land Cruiser SUV have a 2% incidence of occupant death in actual crashes. However in multiple-vehicle crashes SUVs are probably beeen three (Bicycle Safety Almanac) and six (International Injury & Fatality Statistics) times more likely to kill the occupant of the other vehicle (car cyclist or pedestrian) than cars. Overall the four best vehicles to be in are the Jaguar XJ series 1% Mercedes-Benz S-Class / SEC 1% Land Rover Defender 1% and Land Rover Discovery 1%. Motorcyclist deaths within England and Wales stand at 53% of the annual road death statistics. Scooters/mopeds up to 50cc only account for 3% of those deaths. 2% of the scooter deaths were 16-19 year olds who had not taken CBT (Compulsory Basic Training). (Statistics taken from 2004/2005 DSA annual road deaths percentages) One Day,when I go to the school,there is a car towards me to e,but I losted a important thing,so I wanted to take this thing,but the car was broken my leg,if another people seemed I was falling on the road,they phoned the ambulance. When I woked up,I was in the hospital. I was appeared in the bed,then I saw my parents and the doctor.my parents called me:"Are you felling better now?" I said:"No,I am fine,thank you." then the doctor said:"your legs were broken now,then you will taked a rest at a mouth." when I heard this,I am very afraid . At the next day,my mother was near in my bed,she said:"your father is didn"t going to see you because he was working at now." I said:"never mind!" then she taked a soup to me and said:"this soup is very well for you,you must drinked it all." then I drinked all . When I go out at the hospital,the doctor said:"alought you can walk at now,but you would taked a rest in some times a day."

It’s reported that many people died of traffic accidents each year. Road safety has aroused the..

小题1:died----die小题2:widely----wide小题3:have后加been小题4:去掉for小题5:make---take小题6:used----using小题7:us---ourselves小题8:that---which小题9:the----a小题10:are-----is 小题1:根据后面的each year可知,用一般现在时,故改为die。小题2:此处attention是名词,修饰名词用形容词,故改为wide。小题3:Many rules作主语,用被动语态的形式,所以加been。小题4:the ones和traffic crashes是同位语,不用介词for,故去掉for。小题5:take……seriously意为:对……严肃对待。所以将make改为take。小题6:此处we和use之间是主动关系,故用现在分词。小题7:代词错误,此处意为保护我们自己,所以改为反身代词ourselves。小题8:that不能引导非限制性定语从句,所以改为which。小题9:考查固定短语。In a word意为:总之。小题10:动名词短语作主语用单数,所以用is。

一个英语职业名称 denterny

您说的是“defense attorney”吗?

《Driven Incident Response》txt下载在线阅读全文,求百度网盘云资源

《Intelligence-Driven Incident Response》(Scott Roberts/Rebekah Brown)电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1KgxNfqwSsN9e1CUpB8sLZQ 提取码: kema书名:《Intelligence-Driven Incident Response》作者:Scott Roberts/Rebekah Brown出版社:O′Reilly出版年份:2017-9-30页数:256内容简介:Using a well-conceived incident response plan in the aftermath of an online security breach enables your team to identify attackers and learn how they operate. But, only when you approach incident response with a cyber threat intelligence mindset will you truly understand the value of that information. With this practical guide, you"ll learn the fundamentals of intelligence analysis, as well as the best ways to incorporate these techniques into your incident response process.

and part of being a teen is developing your own identity - one that is separate from your parent...

作为一个青少年,部分是开发你自己的身份——一种是分开的,从你的父母

One day, President Lincoln went to a party. At the gathering, a man called Douglas was repeated...

小题1:C小题2:C小题3:D小题4:C 试题分析:本文叙述了美国总统去参加一个聚会与一位老友之间的对话。在聚会上,有一个名叫道格拉斯的人反复谈论林肯的地位低下的生活像林肯以前当服务员和售货员的事。林肯承认他说的是真的。但是林肯又说自己已经离开了那个柜台,成为了总统,但是道格拉斯仍然没变,继续去喝酒,没什么变化。小题1:细节理解题。根据第一段的At the gathering, a man called Douglas was repeatedly talking about Lincoln"s low position in life在聚会上,一个名叫道格拉斯的人反复谈论林肯的地位低下的生活。 故选C。小题2:推理判断题。根据第一段的President Lincoln 林肯已经是总统了,道格拉斯还反复的说林肯的以前当服务员和售货员的事,可知他是想通过这些谈论,让别人瞧不起林肯。故选C。小题3:推理判断题。根据第三段的but the difference between us now is: I have left my side of the counter, but Mr. Douglas still sticks to his as firmly as ever.”但是现在我们之间的区别是:我已经离开我身边的柜台,但道格拉斯仍然坚持他一如既往的坚定。”可知林肯通过自己的努力成为了总统,而道格拉斯仍原地不动,没有什么进步。人们一比较现在的两个人,当然会站在林肯这一边。故选D。小题4:根据第三段的I have left my side of the counter, but Mr. Douglas still sticks to his as firmly as ever.”可知我已经离开了柜台,不当服务员了,通过but 转折,可知道格拉斯仍然继续去酒馆喝酒,没有什么变化。故选C。

drunkards cause accidents 是什么意思?

醉驾引发事故

identity crisis是什么意思

1

这次事故(accident)给了他一个教训,从那以后他再也不会酒后驾车了。(teach someone a lesson)

this accident taught him a lesson, so from then on, he didn"t dare to drink and drive again.

生化危机8村庄攻略时间线梳理ResidentEvilVillage攻略各个时间段发生了什么

生化危机8现在不少玩家已经通关整个游戏了,但是时间线不少玩家都会感到十分疑惑,啊!这个反派怎么出现得这么莫名奇妙,为什么突然出现之前没有一点点铺垫呢!生化危机时间线是不是出现的了大问题,出现这样的问题的朋友们不用慌张,今天复仇死者我将会为各位梳理整个生化危机8的具体时间线还有故事进展是如何,保证能够让各位玩家能够了解整个生化危机8的这个时间段到底发生了什么。主时间线攻略要注意的是本作的时间线其实是和7代是连接在一起的,如果要聊生化危机8的时间线的话,那么生化危机7我们也会一起聊到。废话不多说我们直接开始。在很久很久以前地球上有一个名字叫做菌主的菌类生物,不知道它从哪来,他究竟存活了多长时间。他有一个非常特殊的能力就是能够后吸收往生者的知识和记忆并且储存起来。依靠永生的能力在东欧一个村庄当中存活了不知多少时间并且无人发现它的存在。时间来到100多年前,西班牙大流感爆发,一个名叫米兰达的母亲在这一次瘟疫当中失去了自己的孩子。当她为自己的孩子寻找埋葬之时发现了菌主,并且和菌主发生了一定程度的融合,就此她拥有了无数往生者的智慧,并获得了永生。获得永生的时候她想到底的第一件事就是利用菌主重生自己的女儿伊娃。她利用自己的能力在附近村庄当中建立信仰,以母神米兰达自居,利用菌主创造出名为“恩赐”的实验体,并且将村民当作自己的实验体进行实验,在百年期间仅有4个人成功适应了恩赐,这就是整个村庄还有四大家族的由来。在这百年当中有两件事非常重要,第一件事在雪地当中救出了一个濒死的医学生,米兰达并没有利用其进行实验,反而成为这个人的老师将自己的知识倾囊相授,还将自己的目标和梦想告知此人。这个人深受启发,为之后保护伞公司创建埋设伏笔,此人就是生化危机正统系列背后boss史班瑟。(有很多翻译是史宾赛)史班瑟创建保护伞公司的时候曾写信给米兰达,根据保护伞公司的创建时间1968年,假设这一年史宾塞写下这封信,信中提到15年前,倒推计算史班瑟成为米兰达学生的时间是1953年左右。第二件事是生化危机第七代最重要的幕后组织“联盟”了解到米兰达的事情,并邀请米兰达参与生化武器的开发,米兰达提供菌主的细胞以及自己女儿的部分DNA。最终开发出生化兵器伊芙琳。生化危机7发生的事件是2017年,三年前发生沉船事故,那么转移伊芙琳的时间是2014年,伊芙琳出生于2014年,E系列病毒并不是一帆风顺,推测应该是2010年左右“联盟”和米兰达进行接触。时间线来到生化危机7代,2017年生化兵器伊芙琳被“普通市民”伊森击败钙化,卢卡斯资料未能成功传递出去,“联盟”计划宣告破产。伊森与妻子米娅被bsaa秘密保护,在三年内进行军事训练,自此期间2020年8月2日他们拥有了爱情结晶萝丝。当萝丝出生之后因为菌类的能力共同性,米兰达感应到萝丝的存在,认为其会成为自己孩子复生得容器,便开始了自己的计划。具体操作如下:与bsaa内鬼进行配合在2月6日傍晚之后绑架并更换米娅,自己则伪装成米娅与伊森一家进行生活(能确认2月6日傍晚的米娅为真米娅)。此计划被克里斯雷菲尔德识破,于2月8日晚(2月9日凌晨)进行武装突袭,杀死米兰达并将萝丝和伊森打走。个人猜测:伊森和米娅的生活看似很自由,经常一起去旅行购买生活用品,但实际上他们被监控得十分严密并且由克里斯全权指挥,米兰达得更换计划不到24小时就被识破,证明克里斯对他们得生活习性非常了解。2月8日晚(2月9凌晨)突袭伊森宅邸之后带走萝丝于伊森在晚上进行运输,目标欧洲总部。凌晨(推测),米兰达与bsaa内鬼利用某种手段使克里斯放松警惕并调离运送队伍。在车队途径村庄是米兰达复生将运送人员全数杀死掳走萝丝。个人推测:我在这里的说法是bsaa与米兰达合作使克里斯大意,是因为如果米兰达又能够反抗的手段在宅邸得时候就已经可以进行反抗,并且从一个资深老生化迷得角度来看,米兰达要是敢在克里斯在的情况下起来发难,分分钟就被生化危机系列战神给扬了。伊森在凌晨使醒来,于陵城时进入村庄,并遭遇狼人袭击,米兰达现身拯救,伪装成老巫婆为其指引道路。与此同时克里斯率领bsaa精锐小队“猎狼”潜入村庄进行调查。(很多玩家都认为克里斯是蓝伞公司的成员,也误认为猎狼是蓝伞公司的部队,这是不对的。在游戏当中有份文件明确指出,bsaa警告克里斯擅自掌控猎狼精锐小队,并且获取机密资料)伊森前往村庄之后在老巫婆的指引下带领幸存者父女进入路易莎家中进行避难,在祷告完成之后幸存者父女中的父亲突然变异化身狼人将其他幸存者杀死,引发房屋大火,幸存者女儿与其父葬身火海。(网上很多玩家推测幸存者当中有一个喝酒大叔没有被杀死)伊森利用路易莎家大门神龛上的解密碎片打开城堡遭遇到海森伯格。海森伯格将伊森擒获,带到第八代boss们的家庭会议当中,最后由海森伯格偷偷放走,进入到蒂米特雷斯库夫人(八尺大人)城堡当中。(个人猜测:我支持这里海森伯格故意放走伊森的说法,在之后的文档显示他对伊森非常感兴趣,甚至准备了不会被自己影响的作战工具)伊森进入到城堡当中被蒂米特雷斯库夫人与其三个女儿抓获,之后伊森成功逃脱,在城堡内击杀三女儿与蒂米特雷斯库。在击杀蒂米特雷斯库之后伊森根据指引来到人偶师唐娜贝内文托宅邸与其发生战斗,最终是伊森使用剪刀贯穿贝内文托头颅取胜。下一个前进地点是人鱼莫罗的渔村,在进入渔村之后发生了一个小插曲,那就是在这里遭遇克里斯,克里斯警告伊森不要再插手此事,在谈话期间人鱼莫罗出现打断了这次谈话。伊森与莫罗的大战一触即发,解决完人鱼之后,海森伯格发送来指令,要求伊森进入到狼人巢穴当中,击杀狼人王。做完这一切之后,海森伯格邀请伊森前往村庄角落的工厂,进入工厂海森伯格立刻出现与伊森商谈合作,在伊森明确拒绝合作,海森伯格将其打入工厂内部。在工厂当中伊森遭遇来此调查的克里斯,并得知当时杀死的不是米娅而是米兰达,双方达成和解。伊森操作机甲坦克和海森伯格进行对战,并将其击败。顺路一提,在战斗过程当中海森伯格工厂被克里斯用炸药摧毁。个人推测:伊森这个坦克装甲是海森伯格进行制作,克里斯进行安装组建,在游戏当中明确提出这是海森伯格摆弄的小玩具。在击败海森伯格之后,米兰达出现并暗示自己就是被枪杀的假米娅与一直做指引的老巫婆,并在谈话结束之后将伊森掏心杀死。猎狼小队观测到伊森“死亡”并未成功回收尸体。伊森死亡之后,克里斯召集猎狼小队对村庄进行武装突袭,与此同时bsaa派出bow士兵试图抢夺菌主。克里斯在猎狼小队的掩护下顺利突击到米兰达的实验室当中,在这里找到被劫持的米娅,以及米兰达的研究资料。与此同时伊森尸体被公爵回收,在带往仪式之地时苏醒,最终进入仪式之地与米兰达进行正面决战,最终成功击杀米兰达成功夺回萝丝。克里斯出现,带走伊森萝丝,自知自己时间不多的伊森将萝丝托付给克里斯,自己带上炸弹遥控器与菌主同归于尽。(在这个地方导致伊森身体崩溃有两种说法,第一种说法是萝丝刚刚完成重生会向周边菌丝生物处吸收力量,米兰达就是在萝丝刚复生的时候被吸走大量力量,第二种说法是伊森因为之前的战斗再加上掏心脏的致命伤最后导致身体里面的痊愈能力跟不上自行崩溃。其实这两种说法都有一定道理并且有佐证,也不相互冲突)克里斯成功将萝丝带上飞机与米娅汇合,与此同时伊森在菌主出引爆炸药与菌主同归于尽。在飞机上发现bsaa送来进行任务的士兵是bow生化武器,遂召集所有剩下的精锐成员集体前往bsaa欧洲总部讨伐内鬼。第八部分第九部分第十部分第十一部分第十二部分第十三部分第十四部分BOSS打法三个女儿八尺大人贝内文托克里斯小队米兰达水怪地下室巨婴海森伯格收集物路易莎宝藏武器道具奢侈品食材吊桥下山羊水泵山羊结晶石工厂地图主线流程物资收集堡垒地图主线流程物资道具村庄地图主线流程食品供应宝藏位置贝内文托地图人偶工坊莫罗地图沼泽道具谜题攻略雕像铃铛人偶工坊音乐盒放映机钢琴师家千斤顶水库电闸故事线梳理克里斯视角米娅视角主时间线伊森视角生化危机8:村庄

pupil和student有什么区别

while "pupil" refers to an attendee of a lower educational institute; the same was typically true in the United States previously where student was considered

使用Citrix Guest Attendee Site时候出现错误:The supplied credentials were invalid

提供的证件都invalid.Please再次尝试或联系你的系统管理员寻求帮助。

Independent Auditor是什么意思?

independent auditor 独立审计员 独立审计师;自由的核数师;独立查核人员独立审计师 Independent Auditor  定义:  具备注册公共会计师资格的外部审计师,可为企业编制审计师报告 。  例句筛选  1.  The Company"s Independent Auditor shall be appointed by the Board.  合营公司的独立审计师由董事会聘请。  2.  And independent auditor audit our books every year.  每年我们的帐目都得经过独立审计员的审核。

Independent Auditor是什么意思?

您所说的这个词语,是属于FRM,frm词汇的一个,掌握好FRM词汇可以让您在frm的学习中如鱼得水,这个词的翻译及意义如下:具备注册公开会计师资格的外部审计师,可为企业编制审计师报告

C语言中error syntax identifier a是什么错误

a标识符有语法错误。可能有如下原因:1、定义函数形参的时候,不能像函数体中那样用一个数据类型定义多个变量,如:int proone(int i,n,s=0);这是不行的,虽然在函数体中这样可以表示定义三个整型变量i,n,s。应分别声明每个变量的类型,改为:“int proone(int i,int n,int s=0);”2、如果定义函数时规定函数有三个参数如:“int proone(int i,int n,int s);”那么以后在调用此函数时也要赋给它三个参数,如:s1=proone(m)/(proone(n)*proone(m-n));这样编译器会报错,因为括号中分别仅有一个变量。

用c语言编译单片机提示错误undefined identifier怎么改呀,大佬们?

错误很多…wela这个符号没有定义过,类似的还有dula。p0这个符号没有定义过。C语言是要区分大小写的,你是不是想要写P0…

mr.fleagle had a reputation among students for dullness and inability to inspire

意思是这个人可以让没能力的人振作 吧。

python json.dumps indent 等于几

json包的dumps方法可以将python中的对象转换为json格式 import jsonx = ["a",{"c":"d"},1]json.dumps(x)其中indent参数可以设置缩进值 json.dumps(x, indent=4)

在c#中 student stu = new student()中的ctu是什么可以换成c吗?

变量名可以随便你命名,但是你要确保你能看懂这是什么意思。命名要规范,不然过段时间,你自己都看不懂你自己写了啥。

American college students are increasingly with cre...

B 试题分析:考查固定词组。固定词组be burdened with负担着…;句意:美国的大学生负担着越来越重的信用卡债务,结果可能是非常严重的。故B正确。点评:固定词组be burdened with负担着…。在平时要对一些重点的形容词短语加强辨析和识记。

residential burglary 歌词

歌曲名:residential burglary歌手:Allister专辑:dead ends and girlfriendsit was just another boring friday nightwhen things got a little out of controla record player and some cdsis what he stolewell he claims he wiped the finger printsclean off the stolen goodsbut it"s too bad he didn"t hide the evidencebecause he"s going to jailandy is going to jailnow he"s sitting in jailwith a drunk and a wifebeaterhe says the food tastes weirdand the cell smells like piss and beernow he claims he wiped the finger printsclean off the stolen goodsbut it"s too bad he didn"t hide the evidencebecause he"s going to jailandy is going to jailhttp://music.baidu.com/song/14096155

As soon as you awaken,identify what is upsetting

Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingAssoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.此句中you后面应该有are,identify前面不是省略,而是祈使句。

dentry和inode的关系

inode是dentry的索引点。vfs 中有两个个很重要的数据结构 dentry 和 inode,dentry 就是“目录项”保存着诸如文件名、路径等信息;inode 是索引节点,保存具体文件的数据,比如权限、修改日期、设备号(如果是设备文件的话)等等。文件系统中的所有的文件(目录也是一种特殊的文件)都必有一个 inode 与之对应,而每个 inode 也至少有一个 dentry 与之对应(也有可能有多个,比如硬链接)。概念解释dentry的中文名称是目录项,是Linux文件系统中某个索引节点(inode)的链接。这个索引节点可以是文件的,也可以是目录的。inode对应于物理磁盘上的具体对象,dentry是一个内存实体,其中的d_inode成员指向对应的inode。也就是说,一个inode可以在运行的时候链接多个dentry,而d_count记录了这个链接的数量。
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