failures

应该是 Failures will never __discourage___a man with a strong will句子意思 失败决不会让具有坚强意志的人气馁

汉语学习者跨文化的失败

在 sourcetree 中多次输入密码错误时会报：Too many authentication failures 导航到 C: Users USERNAME AppData Local Atlassian SourceTree 并删除passwd文件。 删除此文件后，重新启动SourceTree并执行获取或其他需要访问所讨论存储库的操作。然后，SourceTree将提示您输入密码，重写缓存的凭据。 Auke会在下面声明“您可以在 u301c/ Library / Application Support / SourceTree 中找到每个回购密码文件

今天我也碰到了两个同样的路由提示毫无头绪啊都是之前破过的路由不同在于一个现在换了密码，一个换了ssid还有一个不同就是现在用了3070的芯片，以前是用8187破的，会是网卡的问题吗？ps：有大神说是pin死了，但那个只是改名字的路由我能用之前的密码登录路由的管理，看到他的路由是正常工作。就是pin不了，同求真相！~~25successivestartfailures错误

挫败并不是最糟糕的失败例句Defeat is not the worst of failures. Not to have tried is the true failure.挫败并不是最糟糕的失败，不去尝试才是真正的失败。

歌曲名:League Of Failures歌手:Jill Sobule专辑:California YearsJill Sobule - League Of FailuresI once saw it in a book I hadGod was by my sideMy name in lights up there on the marqueeAnd God was very proudI"ve been a miner for a heart of goldA dreamer who just won"t wake upI thought I"d plunge into the deepest veinIt wasn"t deep enoughAnd I will fall a hundred storiesAnd open up my handAnd scatter all my dreams of gloryLike seeds upon the landStill have your picture on my wall of faithNext to the grocery listI keep forgetting I should take you downI"m gonna take you downAnd I will fall a hundred storiesAnd open up my handAnd scatter all my dreams of gloryLike seeds upon the landAnd I"ll join the league of failuresAnd I will be resignedTo fall a hundred storiesAnd leave it all behindAnd I will promise to forget the onesWho took more than they gaveAt least I"ll have some peace of mindAs I dig their gravesAnd on my way down I hope to seeThe one I hurt the mostPerhaps he"ll open up his windowAnd we"ll fly this ghostAnd I will fall a hundred storiesAnd open up my handAnd scatter all my dreams of gloryLike seeds upon the landAnd I"ll join the league of failuresI bet that I"ll be gladTo fall a hundred storiesAnd I"ll have peace at lastAnd I"ll set this house on fireAnd burn the whole thing downMy laurels turned to ashesAnd I"ll still be aroundhttp://music.baidu.com/song/1824849

用这个方法需要两个前提条件： 1.远程登录后打开终端； 2.#>su 用户名 3.#>登录密码 4.#>vncserver -list 5.#>vncserver -kill :端口号 6.#>vncserver :端口号 关闭终端重新登录即可

Call Attempt 发起呼叫Call Setup 呼叫建立Handover 切换Handover Failure 切换失败

失败的事或许多失败。failure是动词fail（失败）的名词，其含义也为失败;失败的人(或事物);未做，未履行(应做之事);故障;倒闭;歉收等，有可数与不可数之分：可数时译为失败，其造句如下All my efforts ended in failure .我的一切努力最后都无济于事。不可数时译为未做成的事或没成功的人，造句如下He was a failure as a teacher.他当教师并不成功。

我的电脑上有连到公司各个环境和我自己的云主机的一堆ssh key, 通过ssh-add统一管理, 刚开始用起来很方便, 但是随着ssh key个数的增加, 开始出现: 必须打开一个新终端再次执行 ssh, 重试 2~3 次也是常有的. 查找了一下原因, 是因为 ssh 每次连接的时候会尝试使用每一个ssh key, 直到找到一个能用的, 尝试的顺序也是随机的. 但是这个重试次数是有限制的(默认值是6, 可以通过MaxAuthTries配置修改) 所以有了第一个解决方案, 当你的ssh key很多的话, 调大MaxAuthTries就可以了. 弊端, 不灵活 & 浪费可耻. 通过某些配置可以明确标明哪个 ssh key 对应着哪些主机, 下面来看一下如何配置: 编辑 ~/.ssh/config, 如果没有则创建, 内容如下: 当通配的主机需要用到多个 ssh key 的时候, IdentityFile也可以配多个 也可以使用命令行:

mistake、error 、fault 和wrong 四个词都可表示“错误”，但侧重点不同 1、mistake强调日常生活中判断和看法的错误 如:It was a mistake buying that house. 买那套房子是个错误。 2、error强调违反某一标准做的错事，包括道德上的错误。

A bearing capacity failure is defined as a foundation failure that occurs when the shear stresses in the soil exceed the shear strength of the soil. Bearing capacity failures of foundations can be grouped into three categories，as follows :G eneral shear. As shown in Figure 12. 1，a general shear failure involves total rupture of the underlying soil. There is a continuous shear failure of the soil ( solid lines) from belowthe footing to the ground surface. When the load is plotted versus settlement of the footing，there is a distinct load at which the foundation fails ( solid circle) ，and this is designated Qult. The value of Qultdivided by the width B and length L of the footing is considered to be the ultimate bearing capacity qultof the footing. The ultimate bearing capacity has been defined as the bearing stress that causes a sudden catastrophic failure of the foundation.Figure 12. 1 General shear foundation failureNote in Figure 12. 1 that a general shear failure ruptures and pushes up the soil on both sides of the footing. For actual failures in the field，the soil is often pushed up on only one side of the footing，with subsequent tilting of the structure. A general shear failure occurs for soils that are in a dense or hard state.Punching shear. As shown in Figure 12. 2，a punching shear failure does not develop the distinct shear surfaces associated with a general shear failure. For punching shear，the soil outside the loaded area remains relatively uninvolved and there is minimal movement of soil on both sides of the footing.Figure 12. 2 Punching shear foundation failureThe process of deformation of the footing involves compression of soil directly belowthe footing as well as the vertical shearing of soil around the footing perimeter. As shown in Figure 12. 2，the load settlement curve does not have a dramatic break and for punching shear，the bearing capacity is often defined as the first major nonlinearity in the load-settlement curve( open circle) . A punching shear failure occurs for soils that are in a loose or soft state.Local shear failure. As shown in Figure 12. 3，local shear failure involves rupture of the soil only immediately belowthe footing. There is soil bulging on both sides of the footing，but the bulging is not as significant as in general shear. Local shear failure can be considered as a transitional phase between general shear and punching shear. Because of the transitional nature of local shear failure，the bearing capacity could be defined as the first major nonlinearity in the load-settlement curve ( open circle) or at the point where the settlement rapidly increases ( solid circle) . A local shear failure occurs for soils that have a medium density or are in a firm state.Figure 12. 3 Local shear foundation failureCompared to the number of structures damaged by settlement，there are far fewer structures that have bearing capacity failures. This is because of the following factors:Settlement governs. The foundation design is based on several requirements，and two of the main considerations are: ① settlement due to the building loads must not exceed tolerable values and ② there must be an adequate factor of safety against a bearing capacity failure. In most cases，settlement governs，and the foundation bearing pressures recommended by the geotechnical engineers are based on limiting the amount of settlement.Extensive studies. Extensive studies of bearing capacity failures have led to the development of bearing capacity equations that are routinely used in practice to determine the ultimate bearing capacity of the foundation.Factor of safety. In order to determine the allowable bearing pressure qall，the ultimate bearing capacity qultis divided by a factor of safety. The normal factor of safety used for bearing capacity analyses is 3. This is a high factor of safety compared to other factors of safety，such as only 1. 5 for slope stability analyses.Minimum footing sizes. Building codes often require minimum footing sizes and embedment depths.Allowable bearing pressures. In addition，building codes often have maximum allowable bearing pressures for different soil and rock conditions. Table 12. 1 presents maximum allowable bearing pressures based on the Uniform Building Code. Especially in the case of dense or stiff soils，these allowable bearing pressures often have adequate factors of safety.Table 12. 1 Allowable bearing pressures① Minimum footing width and embedment depth equals 1 ft ( 0. 3 m) .② An increase of 20% of the allowable bearing pressure is allowed for each additional foot ( 0. 3 m) of width or depth up to the maximum allowable bearing pressures listed in column 3. An exception is plastic soil.Footing dimensions. Usually the structural engineer will determine the size of the footings by dividing the maximum footing load ( dead load plus live load) by the allowable bearing pressure. Typically the structural engineer uses values of dead and live loads that also contain factors of safety. For example，the live load may be from the local building code which specifies minimum live load requirements for specific building uses. Such building code values often contain a factor of safety，which is in addition to the factor of safety of 3 that was used to determine the allowable bearing pressure.Because the bearing capacity failure involves a shear failure of the underlying soil，the analysis will naturally include the shear strength of the soil. As indicated in Figure 12. 1 to 12. 3，the depth of the bearing capacity failure is rather shallow. It is often assumed that the soil involved in the bearing capacity failure can extend to a depth equal to B ( footing width) belowthe bottom of the footing. Thus for bearing capacity analysis，this zone of soil should be evaluated for its shear strength properties.The documented cases of bearing capacity failures indicate that usually the following three factors ( separately or in combination ) are the cause of the failure: ① there was an overestimation of the shear strength of the underlying soil，② the actual structural load at the time of the bearing capacity failure was greater than that assumed during the design phase，or ③ the site was subjected to alteration，such as the construction of an adjacent excavation，which resulted in a reduction in support and a bearing capacity failure.A famous case of a bearing capacity failure is the Transcona grain elevator，located at Transcona，near Winnipeg，Canada. At the time of failure，the grain elevator was essentially fully loaded. The foundation had been constructed on clay which was described as a stiff clay.As indicated in Table 12. 2 ， common types of shallowfoundation include spread footings for isolated columns，combined footings for supporting the load from more than one structural unit，strip footings for walls，and mats or raft foundations constructed at or near ground surface. Shallowfootings often have an embedment that is less than the footing width.Table 12. 2 Bearing capacity factors ( Nc，Nrand Nq) that automatically incorporate allowances for local shear and punching shear failureNote: At high friction angles，bearing capacity factors increase rapidly，and these values should be used with caution.Bearing capacity equation. The most commonly used bearing capacity equation is that equation developed by Terzaghi. For a uniform vertical loading of a strip footing，Terzaghi ( 1943) assumed a general shear failure ( Figure 12. 1) in order to develop the following bearing capacity equation:勘查工程专业英语 where qultis ultimate bearing capacity for a strip footing ( kPa or psf ) ; Qultis vertical load causing a general shear failure of the underlying soil ( Figure 12. 1) ; B is width of the strip footing ( m or ft) ; L is length of the strip footing ( m or ft) ; γtis total unit weight of the soil ( kN /m3) ; Dfis vertical distance from the ground surface to the bottom of the strip footing ( m or ft) ; c is cohesion of the soil underlying the strip footing ( kPa or psf ) ; Nc，Nr，Nqare dimensionless bearing capacity factors respectively.As indicated in Equation ( 12. 1) ，there are three terms that are added together to obtain the ultimate bearing capacity of the strip footing. These terms represent the following:·cNc: The first term accounts for the cohesive shear strength of the soil located belowthe strip footing. If the soil belowthe footing is cohesionless ( i. e. ，c = 0) ，then this term is zero.: The second term accounts for the frictional shear strength of the soil located belowthe strip footing. The friction angle Φ is not included in this term，but is accounted for by the bearing capacity factor Nγ. Note that γtrepresents the total unit weight of the soil located belowthe footing.·γtDfNq: This third term accounts for the soil located above the bottom of the footing. The value of γttimes Dfrepresents a surcharge pressure that helps to increase the bearing capacity of the footing. If the footing was constructed at ground surface ( i. e. ，D =0) ，then this term would equal zero. This third term indicates that the deeper the footing，the greater the ultimate bearing capacity of the footing. In this term，γtrepresents the total unit weight of the soil located above the bottom of the footing. The total unit weight above and belowthe footing bottom may be different，in which case different values are used in the second and third terms of Equation ( 12. 1) .In order to calculate the allowable bearing pressure qall，which is used to determine the size of the footings，the following equation is used:勘查工程专业英语where qallis allowable bearing pressure ( kPa or psf ) ; qultis ultimate bearing capacity from Equation ( 12. 1) ; F is factor of safety. For bearing capacity analysis，the commonly used factor of safety is equal to 3. Building codes often list allowable bearing pressures versus soil or rock types. Table 12. 1，for example，presents the allowable bearing pressures qallfrom the Uniform Building Code ( 1997) .Bearing capacity factors. Table 12. 2 presents bearing capacity factors Nc，Nrand Nq. There are many other charts，graphs，and figures that present bearing capacity factors developed by other engineers and researchers based on varying assumptions. Some of these bearing capacity factors are even listed to an accuracy of five significant figures. These bearing capacity factors imply an accuracy which simply does not exist because the bearing capacity equation is only an approximation of the actual bearing failure. In Table 12. 2，up to two significant figures are provided for the dimensionless bearing capacity factors. As indicated in Table 12. 2，the bearing capacity factors are directly related to the friction angle Φ of the soil. A dense cohesionless soil would tend to have a high friction angle and high bearing capacity factors，resulting in a large ultimate bearing capacity. On the other hand，a loose cohesionless soil would tend to have a lower friction angle and lower ultimate bearing capacity. Thus a major disadvantage of building code values ( such as those in Table 12. 1) is that they consider only the material type，and not the density condition of the soil which influences the friction angle Φ and bearing capacity factors. Building code values tend to underestimate the allowable bearing pressure for dense cohesionless soil，but may overestimate the allowable bearing pressure for loose cohesionless soil.Note in Table 12. 2 that the bearing capacity factors rapidly increase at high friction anglesΦ. These bearing capacity factors should be used with caution，because natural soils are not homogeneous and the natural variability of such soil will result in weaker layers that will be exploited during a bearing capacity failure.Terzaghi originally developed the bearing capacity equation ( Equation ( 12. 1 ) ) for a general shear bearing capacity failure. This type of bearing capacity failure is shown in Figure12. 1 and will develop for dense or stiff soil. For loose or soft soil，there will be a punching shear failure as shown in Figure 12. 2. The bearing capacity factors presented in Table 12. 2 have been empirically adjusted and automatically incorporate allowances for local shear and punching shear.Spread and combined footings. Equation ( 12. 1 ) was developed by Terzaghi for strip footings. For other types of footings and loading conditions，corrections need to be applied to the bearing capacity equation. Many different types of corrections have been proposed. One commonly used form of the bearing capacity equation for spread ( square footings ) and combined footings ( rectangular footings) subjected to uniform vertical loading，is as follows:勘查工程专业英语Equation ( 12. 3 ) is similar to Equation ( 12. 1 ) and the terms have the same definitions. An important consideration is that，for the strip footing，the shear strength is actually based on a plane strain condition ( soil is confined along the long axis of the footing) . It has been stated that the friction angle Φ is about 10 percent higher in the plane strain condition than the friction angle Φ measured in the triaxial apparatus indicate that the friction angle Φ in plane strain is larger than Φ in triaxial shear by 4° to 9° for dense sands. A difference in friction angle of 4° to 9° has a significant impact on the bearing capacity factors ( see Table12. 2) . In practice，plane strain shear strength tests are not performed and thus

Dieter Prinz and A.H.MalikInstitute of Water Resources Management,Hydraulicand Rural Engineering,Dept.of Rural Engineering,University of Karlsruhe,D-76128 Karlsruhe,Germany1 IntroductionDue to an ever increasing world population,improving standard of living,irregularities caused by global climate change and growing water pollution,the world water problems aggravating day by day.Especially the drier parts of the tropics and subtropics,but also countries in temperate climates,experience severe water supply problems-and agriculture will be hit hard-est.Agriculture utilizes globally about 70%of all the water managed by man,and about 80% of the water used in the developing world（Prinz 2000）.At the same time,the competition be-tween the various sectors-agriculture,communities,industry,nature,becomes stiffer and agriculture will be the loser in the run for scarce water resources,as the output per unit water is of significantly lower value than in the other economic sectors.On the other hand,the need for more food asks also for more irrigation water,therefore we have to find ways of growing more food with less water（Agarwal 2001）.But it is not only a problem of water quantity,but of quality due to increasing pollution,too.2　General overviewWhat is Water Conservation in general?Water conservation is the physical control,protection,management,and use of water resources in such a way as to maintain crop,grazing,and forest lands,vegetative cover,wildlife,and wildlife habitat for maximum sustained benefits for people,agriculture,industry,commerce,and other segments of the national economy.Water conservation in agriculture may be defined as the application of measures designed,to improve the availability of water for agricultural purposes（“Supply Management”）,to re-duce the present size of water demand（“Demand Management”）,and,to keep water re-sources from being polluted or wasted（Prinz ＆ Malik 2001）.The solutions found must be sustainable and possible negative effects e.g.on nature have to be avoided.Water conservation must be an integral part of“Integrated Water Resources Management”，a long-term integrated strategy which seeks to make best use of the available water resources（Fig.1）.Major features are:Surface water management:By diverting（more）water from rivers,e.g.by construction of hydraulic structures in rivers considerable quantities of water can be saved and used for agriculture,especially during the rainy season and under flood conditions.More reservoirs of high water holding efficiency are needed in future to cope with future water demands.Groundwater management:Groundwater tables are falling in most parts of the world and sustainable groundwater management deserves artificial groundwater recharge.Surface-and groundwater have to be used in a conjunctive way.Fig.1　“Integrated Water Resources Management”systemThe multiple use of water（“using every drop of water four times before draining it”）is essential to cope with future water demand.Rainwater management:Rainwater management can be either“in-situ moisture conservation”or“Water Harvesting”.Water Harvesting is defined as“the collection and concentration of rainfall（and overland flow）and its use for the irrigation of crops,pastures and trees for domestic and livestock consumption”.The water storage can be done in the soil matrix or in a reservoir（Oweis et al.,2001）.Rain and surface runoff management serves also the purposes of soil conservation,-a prerequisite for water conservation-,and flood control.The use of waste water,drainage water and other marginal water sources becomes more and more imperative to cover the demand.It is one of those measures which need very close supervision to avoid damage to soils and plants-at least on a long term.Wherever the natural conditions allow it,the use of fog and dew should be promoted to cover agricultural water demand.Besides these supply side measures we have a wide variety of water demand management measures,which can be grouped into:（1）Measures to reduce losses,and（2）Measures to increase the efficiency of water applied.As these demand side measures are regarded as the core measures of water conservation,water conservation is often defined as“measures designed to promote efficient use of water and to eliminate waste of water”.3　Socio.economic FactorsImportant socio-economic factors（Fig.2）of water conservation are:Fig.2　Main factors on the success of a water conservation project（1）Population stabilization reduces also pressure on water resources.（2）Community involvement is essential for effective water conservation.（3）Access to water can be viewed as a human right,therefore a fair distribution should be aimed for.（4）Water conservation should benefit from a multidisciplinary team.（5）Preference should be given to the application of nonstructural solutions,for example pricing of water.（6）To develop water conservation institutions,public education and awareness are essential.（7）Selection of appropriate low cost technology is a prerequisite for widespread implementation.（8）Planners should consider both traditional and modern technologies.（9）The price of water determines largely the investments justified to avaid water losses.Criteria to select water conservation measures are according to Emerson（1998）：（1）program costs，　（8）cost-effectiveness,（2）ease of implementation，　（9）budgetary considerations，（3）staff resources and capability,　（10）environmental impacts，（4）rate payer impacts，　（11）environmental and social justice，（5）water rights and permits，　（12）legal issues or constraints，（6）regulatory approvals,　（13）public acceptance，（7）timeliness of savings,and　（14）consistency with other programs.Lessons learnt from various projects are that the adoption of a new irrigation system depends on farmer"s capacity to finance and operate it,as well as on the type of crop being produced.A modernised surface irrigation might be a better water saving technique than drip or sprinkler irrigation in certain locations;the latter ones are often not affordable.A modernised“old”system is also more easily adopted by farmers since it is closer to traditional practices.To achieve optimum water conservation＆improved water use efficiency,a water conservation enabling environment is needed that includes（Fig.3,4）：①education and training,improvement of systems and public incentives:these measures might allow in increase in further 20%～30%；②irrigation management transfer to users,management of supply infrastructure and an optimised resource policy to arrive at 60% to 80% of the potential；③further research of the public and the private sector to utilise fully the whole available potential.Fig.3　Ways of making better use of production potential in industrialized countries Source:Wolff＆Stein 1998（redrawn）,based on Cape 1995（Original data based on Australian conditions）Fig.4　Ways of making better use of production potential in developing countriesReferences[1]Agarwal A.Increasing water harvesting and water conservation is the only way to ensure food security.Down to.Earth,Vol 10,No.3,June 30,2001.[2]Cape J.Irrigation Research:Past,present and future.Irrigation Australia,1995,Vol.10,30～32.[3]Chritchley W.,Reij C.and Turner S.D.Soil and water conservation in Sub-Saharan Africa:to-wards sustainable production by the rural poor.IFAD,Rome and CDCS,Amsterdam.1992.[4]Emerson H.Conservation,it"s the future of water.On Tap,1998,Vol.7,Isse 4.[5]Oweis T.,Prinz D.and Hachum A.Water harvesting,indigenous knowledge for the future of the drier environments,ICARDA,Aleppo,Syria,2001,36pp.[6]Prinz D.Global and European water challenges in the 21st century.Keynote Speech,3rd Inter-Regional Conference on Environment-Water，“Water Resources Management in the 21st Century”，1-3 June 2000,Budapest/Hungary.Proceedings,2000,p.247～254.[7]Prinz D.and Malik A.H.Water Conservation in Agriculture,FAO Training Course,Draft Version on CD ROM,FAO,Rom.2001.[8]Wolff P.and Stein T.M:Water efficiency and conservation in agriculture-opportunities and limitations. Agriculture+Rural Development,1998,vol 5;no 2;pp 17～20.

epidemic failures 是 疫情失败 的意思