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纺织品是我国出口的支柱产品之一。根据中国在入世时与各方达成的协议，2005年世界各国将取消纺织品出口配额限制，这对我国的纺织企业来说是好消息，外贸人士也都预期纺织品出口将成为带动我国外贸出口的引擎，中国外贸仍将保持较高的增长率。但事实上，纺织品出口却不容乐观，发达国家利用以技术法规、技术标准、合格评定程序以及卫生检疫措施为主要内容的技术性贸易壁垒控制我国纺织产品的出口速度和规模。据统计，我国有60%的出口企业遭遇过国外的技术性贸易壁垒，每年约有450-500亿美元的出口产品受到影响，其中，影响纺织品的就有近80亿美元。因此，迫切需要分析当前国际贸易中技术性贸易壁垒的实施和发展状况，研究我国外贸中遇到技术性贸易壁垒的实际情况，制定有效的政策措施，跨越技术性贸易壁垒所形成的障碍。Textiles are the backbone of our export products. According to China in the WTO with the parties to the agreement reached in 2005, the world will cancel the export quota restrictions on China"s textile enterprises, is good news, people also expect foreign trade export will become the engine of China"s export trade, China"s foreign trade will remain relatively high growth rates. But in fact, textile exports but not optimistic, developed countries with technical regulations, technical standards, conformity assessment procedures, and sanitary and phytosanitary measures as the main content of the technical barriers to control the export of Chinese textile products speed and scale. According to statistics, China and 60% of foreign exporters of technical trade barriers, each year about 450-500 billion of exports affected, of which, the impact of textiles in nearly 80 million u.s. dollars. Therefore, an urgent need to analyze the current international trade technical barriers to the implementation and development of China"s foreign trade technical barriers encountered in the actual situation, develop effective policies and measures, technical barriers to trade the formation of the disorder. 自2008年金融危机以来，农产品国际贸易受此影响日益严重，发展中国家农产品出口大幅下降，逆差不断扩大，农产品价格低位运行，需求萎缩，产销矛盾突出，贸易保护主义抬头。作为中国农业大省的辽宁省，如积极何应对此次危机与挑战，保持辽宁省农产品出口贸易的良好发展，已成为一个人们不得不关注的问题。目前，辽宁省农产品出口贸易还存在诸多问题，阻碍和制约了农产品出口贸易的进一步完善和发展。本文从辽宁省农产品出口的基本情况出发，着重分析后金融危机时代辽宁省农产品出口贸易的基本情况和问题，并在此基础上提出辽宁省农产品出口贸易的发展对策，展望辽宁省农产品未来发展的美好前景。本文的主体框架由以下三个部分构成：一、 后金融危机时代背景下辽宁省农产品出口贸易发展基本情况及特点。以数据说明2009年辽宁省农产品出口贸易情况、主要出口作物以及国际市场情况，分析辽宁省农产品出口的比较优势二、 后金融危机时代背景下辽宁省农产品出口存在的问题。主要分析了出口农产品附加值、质量安全、贸易壁垒、出口市场以及政策方面存在的问题。三、 后金融危机时代促进辽宁省农产品出口贸易发展对策。针对辽宁省农产品出口中存在的问题一一提出对策和建议。四、 辽宁省农产品出口贸易前景展望。Since 2008, since the financial crisis of international trade increasingly seriously affected, developing countries agricultural exports decreased dramatically, deficit continues to expand, agricultural prices, low operation demand contradiction, production, trade protectionism growth. As a big agricultural province of liaoning province of China, such as what positive response to the crisis and challenge, keep the export trade in liaoning agricultural development, has become a concern of the people. At present, liaoning agricultural exports still exist many problems, and restrict the agricultural product export trade further improvement and development. From liaoning agricultural exports of basic conditions, and emphatically analyzes the financial crisis in liaoning agricultural era after the basic situation and the export trade, and based on the development of agricultural product export trade in liaoning province of liaoning province, countermeasures for future development of agricultural products.The framework consists of three main parts:After the financial crisis and the background in liaoning agricultural product export trade development situation and characteristics of basic. In data 2009 liaoning agricultural product export trade, mainly export crops and international market conditions, analysis of liaoning agricultural exports of comparative advantageSecond, after the financial crisis background liaoning agricultural product export problems. Mainly analyses the quality and safety of agricultural products export value, and barriers to trade and export market and the problems existing in the policy.After the financial crisis and promote liaoning agricultural product export trade era development countermeasure. In liaoning agricultural product export problems existing in them to propose the countermeasure and the suggestion.Four, liaoning agricultural product export trade prospect. http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/30825/1/25010028.pdf

First Robot Mop DebutsIf iRobot has its way, millions of people around the world will soon be retiring their mops and buckets. The Cambridge, Massachusetts–based company is finally announcing the follow-up to its remarkably popular Roomba robot rug and floor vacuum: the Scooba robot floor-cleaning system. It"s the first household robot designed to sweep, scrub, mop, and dry tile, linoleum, and wood floors. The company is also touting a major partnership coup: The Scooba"s cleaning fluid will come from Clorox Co., which makes household cleaning products.iRobot CEO Colin Angle explained to us at a recent conference why his company chose to target mopping as the next robotic household-chore challenge. "These are the low-hanging fruit," he said, "the things that can make an immediate, understandable difference."iRobot executives hope that the Scooba makes a difference for those who hate mopping and almost never scrub their floors. "People hate vacuuming," says iRobot cofounder and chairman Helen Grenier, "but they really loathe mopping. The Scooba actually scrubs the floor."The decision to build a mopping robot was both an obvious and a difficult one for iRobot. "We knew that on the axis of targets, this was a big one. We also knew that water was scary [and] that something that picks up fluid was going to be substantially more complex than spinning brushes and picking up dirt," recalled Angle.HistoryThe idea of artificial people dates at least as far back as the ancient legend of Cadmus, who sowed dragon teeth that turned into soldiers; and the myth of Pygmalion, whose statue of Galatea came to life. In classical mythology, the deformed god of metalwork (Vulcan or Hephaestus) created mechanical servants, ranging from intelligent, golden handmaidens to more utilitarian three-legged tables that could move about under their own power. Jewish legend tells of the Golem, an clay statue animated by Kabbalistic magic. Similarily, in the Younger Edda, Norse mythology tells of a clay giant, M?rku1b26i or Mistcalf, constructed to aid the troll Hrungnir in a duel with Thor, the God of Thunder. The first recorded design of a humanoid robot was made by Leonardo da Vinci around the 1495. Da Vinci"s notebooks, rediscovered in the 1950s, contained detailed drawings for a mechanical knight that was apparently able to sit up, wave its arms, and move its head and jaw. The design was likely based on his anatomical research recorded in the Vitruvian Man. It is not known whether or not he attempted to build the robot (see: Leonardo"s robot). The first known functioning robot was created in the 1738 by Jacques de Vaucanson, who made an android that played the flute, as well as a mechanical duck that reportedly ate and defecated. E.T.A. Hoffmann"s 1817 short story "The Sandman" features a doll-like mechanical woman, and Edward S. Ellis" 1865 "Steam Man of the Prairies" expresses the American fascination with industrialization. A wave of stories about humanoid automatons culminated with the "Electric Man" by Luis Senarens in 1885. Once technology advanced to the point where people foresaw mechanical creatures as more than toys, literary responses to the concept of robots reflected fears that humans would be replaced by their own creations. Frankenstein (1818), sometimes called the first science fiction novel, has become synonymous with this theme. When Capek"s play RUR introduced the concept of an assembly line run by robots who try to build still more robots, the theme took on economic and philosophical overtones, further disseminated by the classic movie Metropolis (1927), and the popular Blade Runner (1982) and The Terminator (1984). With robots a reality and intelligent robots a likely prospect, a better understanding of interactions between robots and human is embodied in such modern films as Spielberg"s A.I. (movie) (2001) and Proyas" I, Robot (2004). Many consider the first robot in the modern sense to be a teleoperated boat, similar to a modern ROV, devised by Nikola Tesla and demonstrated at an 1898 exhibition in Madison Square Garden. Based on his patent 613,809 for "teleautomation", Tesla hoped to develop the "wireless torpedo" into an automated weapon system for the US Navy. The first electronic autonomous robots were created by Grey Walter at Bristol University, England in 1948

[1] Wang Baojun, Shi Bin, Hilary I. Inyang. 2008. GIS-Based Quantitative Analysis of Orientation Anisotropy of Contaminant Barrier Particles Using Standard Deviational Ellipse，Soil and Sediment Contamination, 2008, 17(4) : 437-447.【SCI】【EI】[2] Bao-jun Wang, Ke Li, Bin Shi, Guang-qin Wei. 2008. Test on application of distributed fiber optic sensing technique into soil slope monitoring，Landslides，DOI 10.1007/s10346-008-0139-y.【SCI】[3] 王宝军, 施斌, 宋震. 2008. 基于GIS与虚拟现实的三维地质建模，岩石力学与工程学报, 增2(27):3553-3563.(Method of 3D Geological Model Based on GIS and VRML, Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2008, supp.2(27):3553-3563)【EI】[4] 王宝军, 施斌, 蔡奕, 唐朝生.2008. 基于GIS的黏性土SEM图像三维可视化与孔隙度计算, 岩土力学, 29(1):251-255. (3D visualization and porosity computation of clay soil SEM image by GIS，Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2008, 29(1): 251-255)【EI】[5] C.S Tang, B. Shi, C. Liu, L.Z. Zhao, B.J. Wang. 2008. Influencing factors of geometrical structure of surface shrinkage cracks in clayey soils，Engineering Geology, 2008, 101(3-4):204-217.【SCI】【EI】[6] 刘春, 王宝军, 施斌, 唐朝生.2008. 基于数字图像识别的岩土体裂隙形态参数分析方法, 岩土工程学报,(9): 1384-1388.(The analysis method of Morphological parameters of rock and soil crack based on image processing and recognition, Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2008,(9): 1384-1388)【EI,一级】[7] 施斌, 王宝军, 张巍, 徐洁. 2008. 汶川地震次生地质灾害分析与灾后调查, 高校地质学报, 2008, 14(3):387-394. (Survey and Analysis of Secondary Geological Hazards after Wenchuan Earthquake, Geological Journal China University, 2008,14（3）:387-394）【核心】[8] 唐朝生, 施斌, 王宝军. 2008. 基于SEM土体微观结构研究中的影响因素分析，岩土工程学报, 30(4): 560-565. (Factors affecting analysis of soil microstructure using SEM, Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2008, 30(4):560-565) 【EI,一级】[9] 隋海波，施斌，张丹，王宝军，魏广庆，朴春德，基于BOTDR的锚杆拉拔试验研究，岩土工程学报，2008，30（5）：755-759（BOTDR-based pull out tests on anchor bolts，Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2008，30（5）：755-759.）【EI,一级】[10] 隋海波, 施斌, 张丹, 王宝军, 魏广庆, 朴春德.2008. 地质和岩土工程光纤传感监测技术综述, 工程地质学报, 16(1): 135-143.(Review on fiber optic sensor-based monitoring techniques for geological and geotechnical engineering, Journal of Engineering Geology, 2008,16(1):135-143）【核心】[11] 隋海波, 施斌, 张丹, 王宝军, 魏广庆, 朴春德. 2008. 边坡工程分布式光纤监测技术研究, 岩石力学与工程学报, 27(supp.2):3725-3731.(Study on Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor-based Monitoring for Slope Engineering, Chinese Jounal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2008, 27(supp.2):3719-3725)【EI】[12] 朴春德, 施斌, 朱友群, 魏广庆, 王宝军. 2008. 钻孔灌注桩压缩变形BOTDR分布式检测, 水文地质工程地质(4): 80-83(Distributed monitoring of bored pile compression deformation based on BOTDR，Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2008(4):80-83) 【核心】[13] 隋海波, 施斌, 张丹, 魏广庆, 朴春德, 王宝军. 2008. 基坑工程BOTDR分布式光纤监测技术研究, 防灾减灾工程学报, 28(2):184-191.(Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor-based Monitoring for Foundation Pit Engineering，Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering, 2008, 28(2):184-191) 【核心】[14] 王宝军; 施斌; 唐朝生;基于GIS实现黏性土颗粒形态的三维分形研究，岩土工程学报, 2007，29（2）：309-312.（Study on 3D fractal dimension of clayey soil by use of GIS，Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2007，29（2）：309-312.）【EI,一级】[15] 王小明; 王宝军; 施斌; 张大祥; GIS支持下工程勘察信息管理系统设计与实现，工程勘察, 2007（2）：1-9.（Design of the Information Management System for Geotechnical Investigation and Surveying Based on GIS and Its Realization ，Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying, 2007（2）：1-9.）【核心】[16] 王小明; 王宝军; 施斌;基于GIS的可视化土质边坡稳定性分析系统研究，防灾减灾工程学报, 2007，27（3）：363-376.（Research of the Visualization System for Soil Slope Stability Analysis Based on GIS，Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering, 2007，27（3）：363-376.）【核心】[17] 唐朝生,施斌,刘春,王宝军,高玮, 黏性土在不同温度下干缩裂缝的发展规律及形态学定量分析，岩土工程学报, 2007, 29(5):743-749.（Developing law and morphological analysis of shrinkage cracks of clayey soil under different temperatures，Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2007，29（5）：743-749）【EI,一级】[18] 唐朝生,施斌,刘春,王宝军,影响黏性土表面干缩裂缝结构形态的因素及定量分析, 水利学报, 2007, 38(10): 1185-1193 (Factors affecting the surface cracking in clay due to drying shrinkage, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2007,38(10): 1185-1193.) 【EI,一级】[19] 陈峰军; 施斌; 黄河; 王宝军;生态土壤稳定剂对土质边坡稳定性影响的数值分析，防灾减灾工程学报,2007，27（3）：302-306.（Numerical Analysis of Ecotype Soil Stabilizer Effect on Soil Slope Stability，Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2007，27（3）：302-306.）【核心】[20] 熊孝波,桂国庆,许建聪,王宝军,童立元,肖泽阳,可拓工程方法在地下工程岩爆预测中的应用, 解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),2007,8(6):695-701.( Application of extension method to p re diction of rockburst of underground engineering, Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology, 2007,8(6):695-701.) 【EI】[21] 张巍，施斌，索文斌，蔡奕，王宝军，冻土瞬态温度场的分布式光纤监测方法及应用，岩土工程学报，2007，29（5）：723-728.（Monitoring and application of distributed optical fiber sensors in transient temperature field of frozen soil，Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering，2007，29（5）：723-728.）【EI,一级】[22] Chao-Sheng Tang, Baojun Wang，Wei Gao，Bin Shi. Analysis of information management for large-scale bridge construction. The 10th IAEG Congress, Nottingham, United Kingdom, September 6-10, 2006. 【国际会议】[23] Yi Cai, Bin Shi, Chaosheng Tang, Baojun Wang. Pilot study on the mechanical behaviour of soil with inclusion of polypropylene fibre and lime. The 10th IAEG Congress, Nottingham, United Kingdom, 6-10 September, 2006. 【国际会议】[24] 索文斌; 王宝军; 施斌; 刘杰;基于GIS的大型工程分布式光纤传感监测系统研究，水文地质工程地质, 2005，32（4）：88-92. （Research on large engineering monitoring system using distributed optical fiber sensor based on GIS，Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 2005，32（4）：88-92.）【核心】[25] 姜洪涛; 王宝军;基于GIS的工程地质环境评价系统分析，防灾减灾工程学报,2005，25（4）：451-457.（Analysis on the Assessment System of GIS-Based Engineering Geological Environment Journal of Disaster Pnevention and Mitigation Engineering,2005，25（4）：451-457.）【核心】[26] 孙伟晔; 王宝军; 施斌; 周汇光. GPS、GIS在公路网规划中的应用, 桂林工学院学报, 2005，25（2）：169-172.（Application of GPS and GIS in Highway Network Planning, Journal of Guilin Institute of Technology, 2005，25（2）：169-172.）【核心】[27] 赵德君; 王宝军;任意地质图剖面生成的方法探讨，西部探矿工程,2005，106（3）：91-92.（Discussion on Resulting Method of Arbitrary Geological Profile，West-china Exploration Engineering,2005，106（3）：91-92.）[28] 蔡奕; 施斌; 刘志彬; 唐朝生; 王宝军;团聚体大小对填筑土强度影响的试验研究，岩土工程学报，2005，27（12）：1482-1486.（Experimental study on effect of aggregate size on strength of filled soils，Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering，2005，27（12）：1482-1486.）【EI,一级】[29] 王宝军; 施斌; 刘志彬; 蔡奕;基于GIS的黏性土微观结构的分形研究，岩土工程学报，2004，26（2）：244-247（Fractal study on microstructure of clayey soil by GIS，Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2004，26（2）：244-247）【EI,一级】[30] 王宝军; 施斌; 周汇光; 蔡奕，GIS在边坡有限元数值分析前处理中的应用，高校地质学报,2004，10（1）：128-133. （GIS and Pre-Process of Finite Element Method for Slope Stability Analysis ，Geological Journal of China Universities,2004，10（1）：128-133.）【核心】[31] 刘义怀; 王宝军; 吉林; 施斌; 蔡奕, 大型桥梁工程勘察信息管理剖析, 南京大学学报(自然科学版)，2004,40（6），：769-776．（Analysis of Information Management for Engineering Investigation and Surveying of the Large-scale Bridges，Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Sciences), 2004,40（6）：769-776．）【核心】[32] 周汇光; 王宝军; 施斌; 基于GIS的大型桥梁工程勘察信息管理系统设计，桂林工学院学报, 2004，Vol24（2），pp：172-176．（GIS based design of information management system investigation for large bridge engineering，Journal of Guilin Institute of Technology，2004，24（2）：172-176．）【核心】[33] 刘志彬, 施斌, 王宝军, 2004. 改性膨胀土微观孔隙定量研究, 岩土工程学报, 26(4):526-530.(Quantitative research on micropores of modified expansive soils，Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2004, 26(4):526-530)【EI,一级】[34] 邵莉, 施斌, 王宝军, 祁长青,周汇光. 2004. 基于GIS确定性模型的土体边坡稳定性评估研究, 工程勘察,(2):1-7. (Study on Stability Evaluation of Soil Slope by Using GIS-based Deterministic Model, Geotechnical Investigation and Surveying, 2004(2):1-7)【核心】[35] Cai Yi, Shi Bin, Jiang Hongtao, Wang Baojun, Zhou Huiguang, and Sun Weiyi，A study on information management and aided decision making system for large-scale engineering geological survey (in Italia 2004; 32nd international geological congress; abstract, Anonymous,)，International Geological Congress, Abstracts = Congres Geologique International, Resumes (August 2004), 32, Part 1 482【国际会议】[36] Liu Zhibin, ShiBin, Wang Baojun, Determination of the optimum magnification about soil SEM images for morphological fractal research, IS-Osaka 2004, Japan. 【国际会议】[37] 王宝军，周汇光，孙伟晔，蔡奕，邵莉，滞洪区安全滞洪GIS管理剖析，水文地质工程地质，2003，Vol（4）：46-49. (Application of GIS in safe flood detention zone, Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 2003, Vol(4): 46-49)【核心】[38] 王波, 施斌, 王宝军, 贾学天. 2003. 利用WEB GIS建立城市地下管线管理系统, 水文地质工程地质,(5):71-74. (Establishing urban underground pipeline management, Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 2003, (5):71-74)【核心】[39] 蔡奕, 王宝军, 施斌, 方海东. 2002. GIS环境下膨胀土胀缩等级的模糊数学判别, 工程勘察, 2:1-4.(Determination of Expansive Soil Grades Using Fuzzy method in GIS Environment, Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying, 2002, 2:1-4)【核心】[40] 方海东, 刘义怀, 施斌, 吴振君, 王宝军. 2002. 三维地质建模及其工程应用，水文地质工程地质, 3:52-55. (3D geoscience modeling and its engineering application, Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 2002, 3:52-55)【核心】[41] Shi Bin, Hua Jianwei, Wang Baojun, Jiang Hongtao, Wu Zhishen Environmental Geotechnical Problems of Municipal Sanitary Landfills in the East-South of China, the 6th International Symposium on Environmental Geotechnology and Global Sustainable Development, Seoul, Korea, July 2-5, 2002. 【国际会议】[42] Bin Shi, Yi Cai, Baojun Wang, Hongtao Jiang and Li Shao, Determination of Expansive Soil Grades Using Fuzzy method in GIS Environment, Proc. Of 9th IAEG, South Africa, Sept, 2002【国际会议】[43] 方海东, 施斌, 王宝军. 2001.GIS在环境岩土工程中应用的回顾与展望, 桂林工学院学报, (21)4:371-375.(Review and prospect of GIS application in environmental geotechnology, Journal of Guilin Institute of Technology, 2001,(21)4: 371-375) 【核心】[44] Baojun Wang, Bin shi, Ling Zhang. 2001. Liquefaction Analysis by GIS Method, Proceedings of the third international conference on soft soil engineering, 6-8 Dec. Hong Kong: 165-168. 【ISTP】[45] 张凌, 施斌, 王宝军. 2000. GIS环境中砂土液化评价方法, 水文地质工程地质, 5:15-16.(Evolution method of liquefaction in GIS environment, Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 2000, 5:15-16) 【核心】[46] 施斌, 姜洪涛, 王宝军, 张凌. 2000. 工程粘性土微观结构分析技术, 工程地质学报,增刊: 379-381. (Analysis technique of engineering clayey soil micrestructure, Journal of engineering geology, 2000, supp:379-381)【核心】[47] Wang Baojun, Shi Bin, and Zhang Ling, The Fractal Dimensions of the Expansive Mudstone in the Process of Swelling and shrinking, Proceedings of the International Symposium on High Altitude & Sensitive Ecological Environmental Geotechnology,, Nanjing University Press, 2000,pp228-235. 【国际会议】[48] 王宝军, 陈征宙, 李清波, 王勇强. 1999. 黄河小浪底斜坡变形的“反叠瓦”式构造机制研究, 高校地质学报, 5(1): 100-104. (Study of mechanisms of the “over-covered titles” structure in slope deformation of Xiao Langdi of Yellow river, Geological Journal China University, 1999, 5(1):100-104)【核心】[49] B.Shi,Z.Wu,H.Inyang,J.Chen,B.Wang.1999. Preparation of soil specimens for SEM analysis using freeze-cut-drying, Bulletin of engineering geology and environment,58:1-7. 【核心】[50] 张凌, 王宝军, 施斌. 1999. 土粒度分维的确定方法探讨,水文地质工程地质, (26)5:43-45. (Discussion of methods for soil grain size fractal, Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 1999, (26)5:43-45)【核心】[51] Shi B.,Jiang H.T., Zhang L. And Wang B.J., Microstructural Analysis Techniques for Engineering Clayey Soils, Proceedings of Second China-Japan Joint Symposium on recent Development of Theory and Practice in Geotechnology, Dec. 9-10,1999, pp361-372. 【国际会议】[52] 王宝军，施斌，名胜古迹破坏的环境岩土工程研究，环境保护科学，沈阳，1997，23（5）：33-35.[53] 施斌,王宝军,宁文务.各向异性粘性土蠕变的微观力学模型,岩土工程学报,1997，（19）3：7-13. 【EI，一级】[54] Shi Bin, Wang Baojun,Li Qi and Jiang Hongtao, Quantification of microstructure of fine grained soil, Proceedings of the 30th IGC, Vol.23-Engineering Geology,1997,pp277-284. 【国际会议】[55] Li Shenglin, Shi Bin, Du Yanjun, Li Qi and Wang Baojun, On the internal factors for controlling the swelling-shrinkage of expansive soil, Proceedings of the 30th IGC, Vol.23-Engineering Geology,1997. 【国际会议】[56] 施斌，李立，姜洪涛，王宝军，DIPIX 图像处理系统在土体微结构定量研究中的应用，南京大学学报（自然版），1996，（32）2：275-280. 【核心】[57] Shi Bin, Wang Baojun, Jiang Hongtao. “Quantitative Appraisal on the Microstructure of Compacted Clayey Soils,” Chinese Science Bulletin, 1996,(41)11:925-929. 【SCI】[58] 施斌,王宝军,姜洪涛. 击实粘性土微观结构特性的定量评价,科学通报,1996，（41）5：438-441. 【SCI】[59] Shi Bin, Wang Baojun, and Jiang Hongtao，Quantitative analyses on the microstructures of compacted expansive soil (in 30th international geological congress; abstracts, Anonymous,)，International Geological Congress, Abstracts--Congres Geologique Internationale, Resumes (1996), 30, Vol. 3 381【国际会议】[60] Shi Bin, Li Qi, Salah Bishir, Wang Baojun, and Wang Youcheng，Environmental-geotechnical properties of soils contaminated by waste alkaline liquor from paper mills (in Environmental geotechnology; proceedings of the 3rd international symposium)，Environmental Geotechnology. Proceedings of the ... International Symposium (1996), 3, Vol. 1 239-245【国际会议】[61] Shi Bin et al, Treatment of Soft Foundation of Expressway to New Nanjing Airport, Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Soft Soil Engineering, Nanjing, May 27-30, 1996. 【国际会议】[62] ShiBin, Wang Baojun, Progress in Studies on the Engineering Geology of Expansive Soils in China, Proc. Of 30th International Geological Congress. Beijing, China, Aug.4-14,1996【国际会议】[63] Shi Bin, LiQi, WangBaojun,On the International Factors for Controlling the Swelling-shrinkage soil, Proc. Of 30th International Geological Congress, Beijing, China, Aug.4-14,1996; 【国际会议】

出版的论文、论著：Wu, J.-F., and L. Zheng, Optimizing ground water development strategies by genetic algorithm: a case study for balancing the needs for agricultural irrigation and environmental protection in Northern China, submitted to Hydrogeology Journal in Dec. 2005, accepted with revision.Lin, J., J.-F. Wu, and C. Zheng, MF2K-GWM: A Ground-Water Management Modeling Tool Based on MODFLOW-2000 (Software Spotlight), Ground Water, in press.吴剑锋 1958年生，辽宁海城人。大专文化。中共党员。大兴安岭地区图强林业有限责任公司党委宣传部部长，高级政工师，政协黑龙江省漠河县第五届委员会委员。

我的父亲从伦敦出差回来当我进来的时候，很晚了，晚饭。我可以马上把他和我的母亲一直在讨论的东西。在half-playful严肃，我知道这样不好，他说，“你会怎么去伊顿？”“没错，”我哭了，快抓住笑话。每个人都知道这是最昂贵，最著名的学校。你必须进入出生，如果不是之前。此外，即使在12或13，我了解我父亲。他不喜欢任何形式的炫耀。他总是知道他的正确的站在生活中，这是在中东的中产阶级；我们的房子中；他避免加入高尔夫俱乐部，到一个较小的一个相反的；虽然他曾经得到了一本二手劳斯莱斯在一个非常低的价格，他感到很尴尬（尴尬的）驾驶它，和很快的改变它的奥斯汀1100。这只可能是他那令人愉快的方式告诉我，全寄宿制学校（寄宿制的）的想法是将下降。唉！我也应该记得，他喜欢在与其他人不同，如果没有冲突（冲突）与他害怕引起别人的注意。他似乎和格雷厄姆棕色的伦敦办公室，一个很好的人，和格雷厄姆曾有一个朋友谁刚刚走进他的男孩在学校，而在他在那个世界的一部分，他认为他不妨给他们打电话。我记得我的眼睛刺痛（刺痛），我的手颤抖着困惑我的感情。有兴奋的，在悲伤的心。“哦，他不想离开，”我母亲说，“你不能就这样走了。”“这是他的，”我父亲说。”他可以弥补自己的头脑。”

每次一种声音是由物体振动的地方，有一些。什么是来回移动迅速。声音从一个物体振动的声音。但从源头的听者。这就是所谓的“媒介”。一个中等几乎可以是任何东西，空气，水，对象，甚至地球。印第安人过去常把他们的耳朵在地上听到一个遥远的声音！没有中没有声音。如果你创造一个真空的空间，那里没有空气或其他任何东西，声音不能穿过它。这是因为声音传播的waves.2.most人们开始计算十因为他们十个手指的手。但是在一些国家，人们指望一方面和使用其他三部分中的四个手指。所以他们在十二，不是十。也许因为这个埃及人把一天分为十二个小时，后来的科学家把圆分成十二部分的30。人们也用数字十二部分。旧的英国的也一样，有一先令十二便士。但奇怪的是二十先令等于1英镑。今天很多人在欧洲仍然用12来数鸡蛋。“买一打蛋”在一家商店里，或“买半打鸡蛋”。他们不买鸡蛋在十或fives3。这里是一个好主意，未来的汽车。会有电子的轨道都在大街上。电子汽车将运行在这些轨道。所有的轨道，所有的汽车都是由一个巨大的计算机。例如，如果你想从你的学校到一个大型工厂，你刚刚走出学校，进入其中的一个车外。然后你按下按钮的工厂。发送信号从车按中央计算机和计算机找到路线。车带你去工厂速度高，容易！你不认为这是个好主意的未来？如果我们真的想实现它，我们必须要做的事情：我们不想生活在嘈杂，肮脏的城市，对吗？

　　Anolr Ebiane Irouge Uvert Obleu;uogelles Je dirai quelque jour vos nuissanles latentes.　　____Vogelles　　照片上的他很秀气。鹅蛋脸，犀利，冷峻的眼神似乎能看透世间的一切黑暗。高鼻，嘴唇微厚，显示着他的稚气。我喜欢他的头发，发色该是粟色的，蓬乱，野性。而照片上则是点着浅浅的灰。我认为，灰色是极适合他的，他是个感性的人，但他应该属于冷色调 。　　法国象征主义诗人兰波，人们这么称呼他。　　我近乎疯狂地崇拜他，因为我近乎疯狂地崇拜着他所追求的自由。　　我曾经见过一张兰波的素描，画上是一个高傲的少年，他叼着烟斗，着风衣，如有所思地低着头。画的作者是魏尔伦，那是魏尔伦心中的兰波。　　兰博第一次恋爱的年纪是十六岁，只是很不巧地，他爱上了一个男人。切不去考虑断袖之癖的伟大或渺小，值得肯定的是，他爱的那个男人，难看。照片上是一个眼里透着哀怨的中年男子，他孤独的坐在喧闹的酒吧，品味着绿色的苦艾酒。那是一种毒品，最终，他备这种就酒夺去了清醒的意识，脑海中一片混沌，寂寞，依赖，肉体，诸如此类。他总是用那种哀怨的令人憎恶的眼神乞求着兰波，爱着兰波，恨着兰波。　　据说在法国，苦艾酒已经成为了一种禁酒。19世纪的法国诗人们溺爱着这个绿色的魔鬼，他们让这苦涩在自己空腔中慢慢滑动，然后保持着半梦半醒的朦胧的状态，将痛苦蒸发，欣赏着脑际中升腾的美丽景色，然后用自己的生命与魔鬼定下契约，以此来寻找他们逝去的灵感。　　我喝过一种绿色的薄荷酒。我牵强地模仿着他们将小勺架在杯子口处，在勺中放上冰块，然后让调酒师为我倒上浓郁的薄荷浓缩品，静静地看着被一点一点冲淡的绿色。我是讨厌薄荷的，可我喜欢这酒。我会煞有其事地将酒杯架在食之与拇指之间，将其在空气中慢慢摇动，并品味着它给我的喉咙带来的清凉感觉。很贵。那是我唯一一次喝那种酒，我和我的两个朋友，肆意地在小饭馆喊着“干杯”，然后皱着眉头咽下这苦涩的酒。　　我没有在爱着某个人的同时亦曾恨他，那是在兰波那样脆弱歇斯底里而具有强大爆发了的人身上可以感受到的。他爱着那个男人，亦曾恨他，恨到心痛，因为爱到心死。　　我找到了。　　什么？　　永恒。　　那是太阳与海。　　交相辉映。　　这个片段摘录于《地狱一季》中一首为《永恒》的诗。当然，这也许不是最好的一首，但却是最不隐晦的一首。一直幼稚地认为，他是对他爱的那个男人说的，他想告诉他，他找到了永远爱他的方式，那就是从此忘却。无路可退，亦不可望归。最终，爱亦无，恨亦无，只留下刻骨铭心的痛，以及思念。　　我是一个善变的人，我并不相信永恒。我相信时间可以改变一切，我不相信距离产生美。我做不到兰波那般洒脱，他流浪，他没有家。我是一个大陆在海南的“新移民”，唯一记得的，是我踏上离开家乡的列车时，亲人的泪水，火车的长鸣声，以及初到异地熙熙攘攘的人群。由于飞机的普及，我再也没有坐过火车。自从那一次的离家，小时候对火车的喜爱一扫而空，火车在我看来把离家的痛苦发挥得淋漓尽致以及把旅行的快感消磨得一干二净的失败的交通工具。再次回到故乡时，我感觉到我成了一个客人，无论是在哪里，我都没有了家。只可惜，兰波是抛弃了他的家，而我，则是被我的家抛弃了。　　我所有的轻蔑都有原因，因为我逃离，　　我逃离，　　我自我辩解。　　————《不可能》　　兰波被称为“诗歌史上的普罗米修斯”，马拉美称其为“一颗横突出的流星”。魏尔伦则称他为“履风之人".履风，极嚣张。他的敢爱敢恨，令我折服。决绝，他竟是如此决绝。他还来不及后悔，在他面前，就已经失去了后悔的权利。　　我所处的城市是热带季风气候，干燥、炎热。每日中午起床，我的喉舌极干，心情烦躁，想尝试追求风的脚步，却无风可追。履风之人，我喜欢这个称呼。兰波是个极适合风的人，他的脚步，却是风都不一定可以追及的、正义的殉者，.勇敢的普罗米修斯，在修辞班懵懂还未涉世便在学校的门上写下“杀死上帝”的兰波。我们学校的公物，保存的并不完整，可却没有这样撼人的语句，迫于现实，我终究没有勇气在上面涂鸦。我不信仰天主教，不害怕上帝的处罚，怕的，是校规的处分。　　我会是一个弃儿，被抛弃在茫茫沧海的堤岸；或是一位赶车的小马夫，额头碰到苍天。　　————《童年》　　我恨苦难。这是兰波在濒死的时刻反复萦绕于口中的一句话。可他最终摆脱不了苦难，他被命运无情的斩去了他狂奔的腿。他终于不能再飞奔了。他去了非洲，那个他向往的地方，他得到了大海，得到了太阳，却永远失去了他的自由。至死，他没有信奉任何教派，一位为他做洗礼的牧师说：“我真诚的相信，他一直有着他所信仰的教派，那是属于他自己的教派，他始终坚持着这个信仰。”　　我知道，那是梦想。我希望有那么一天，我和我所爱的人们一起生活在一座壮丽的打瀑布旁，不需要太奢侈，也许只是一间很小的房子，我需要一些纸笔，使我记录下眼前美好的一切。只要倾听瀑布拍击岩石的巨响，看着太阳下溅起的点点飞沫，然后纵身从崖上跳入其中，肆意地驰骋，包括我的心和身体。　　我曾有一群惺惺相惜的朋友，那时我们有着简单的梦想，我们快乐的追逐、嬉戏、大笑、大闹，一个朋友告诉我，在天边的某一个方向，有一颗很大很亮的星星，只要每天向它虔诚的许愿，就会美梦成真，很长一段时间，我们虔诚地，祈祷着我们的幸福。后来朋友去了美国，我便理所当然的忘了那个传说。猛然有一天我再次想起了她，再往那个方向望去，却再也找不到那样一颗星星。默然干笑一声，离开，终究有一个感觉在我心中滋生了，我知道那是空虚。　　有人说，《地狱一季》是兰波对自己年少时的放荡生活的忏悔。他的脚被截断，他病入膏盲，他痛苦，他可能真的后悔他的放纵了。对他来说，前半生就像梦幻一样，而他最终遁入了可怖的现实。但我希望并非如此。他曾在诗中为流浪讴歌，后半生的十多年，他没有再写过诗，我以为，他是在实现对自己的承诺。《阿飞正传》中曾提到过，有那么一种鸟，它没有脚，它不停的飞，一旦停下来，他便会死去。兰波亦是如此，他不属于任何地方，他只是流浪。　　我研究者幸福的神奇形状，至今没有人能将它猜透。　　—————《噢，季节，噢，城楼》　　生活在别处。他高喊，然后身无分文地从家里逃出，踏上列车，驶往那个等待着他的大城市————巴黎。他自称“被缪斯点化过的孩子”，他欲创造诗歌新的时代，他欲改变整个世界。　　要么一切，要么全无。他的心比天高。他是一个极端主义者，他自私地独占一切，又洒脱的丢弃一切。王尔德说过：“人的一生有两种悲剧。一种是得不到自己想要的东西，一种是得到。”如果王尔德的悲剧是第一种，那么兰波的悲剧是第二种。当你得到了他的一切，那么意味着你已经完全失去。　　我亦是一个偏激极端的人。我随意的为自己带上嬉笑的面具，然后湮没于人群，我时而昂头疾走，藐视一切；时而佝偻身躯，低声啜泣。我自负，亦自卑；我坚持，亦脆弱；我希望，但亦绝望。我是个矛盾的，极端的，自我毁灭的微妙意识。我慵懒、无神，因为我每时每刻都在思考，每时每刻都在摧残着自己仅有的人的意识。　　兰波是一个野心家，因为他曾经臆想改变整个世界，但他亦是极纯粹的人。如果每个生命都是独特的，那么让我们独特的活着。他说。我只是疯狂的爱上这句话。这样的“独特”可以为我们的“平庸”寻找一个很好的借口。我在一个残酷的现实世界里，冷笑着与同流合污，然后又总是在不经意间渴望着那些单纯美好的小幸福。很脏的世界，很干净的我的眼睛，以及铺满灰尘的我的心，我听不到心脏跳动的声音，只是听到无助的悲鸣、啜泣，以及茫然若失的叹息。　　啊！生命的时钟刚刚停下，我已不再人世。————神学庄严的肃穆，地狱在下————苍天在上。————恍惚，噩梦，睡在火焰上的巢　　穴之中。　　————《地狱之夜》　　“如果要死，让我死于火吧。”《生活在别处》中亚罗米尔带着对母亲疯狂而专制的爱的痛恨绝望的说。有了感情有了爱并因其而死的人是不能死于火的，于是他死于水。与兰波、尼采、叔本华、金斯堡一样，他们最终都是为自己的未能实现的梦想而悲恸，他们都是一群疯子。　　天才亦是疯子，而他们都将为自己的疯狂而死。　　我看不到火，亦看不到水，我还是苟延残喘于世，我仍没有死的觉悟。如果要死，让我死于火吧，世间太多死于水的人，我亦不想在死后亦听到魔鬼的嚎哭，所以，让我寂寞的在火中死去并且长眠吧。带走我的快乐以及痛苦，下次重生的时候，我愿记住抑或忘掉这一切。　　花香已不再使你的鼻翼颤动，　　他安睡在阳光里，一只手搁在前胸。　　在他胸膛右侧，有两个红色的弹孔。　　————《山谷中的沉睡者》　　在半梦半醒中，兰波总是看到一个这样的情景：一个普鲁士士兵，安静的躺在山谷之中，他以为他只是睡着，原来他死了。　　我看着街上来来往往的陌生人，他们正以各种心态生活在这世上，对我来说，他们并没有什么不同，但我亦找不到他们的相同之处。唯一值得肯定的是，他们每个人都有属于自己的思想，情感，快乐以及痛苦的领域，那将是他人，永远也无法到达的地方。　　有时我看见一片无垠的沙滩，上面有欢快洁白的民族。一艘大金船从我头上驶过，晨风轻拂缤纷的彩旗。　　————《永别》　　最终，兰波爱着的那个人当上了巴黎的诗人之王。“魏尔伦”，当时有名的人道主义文学倡导者弗朗士道：“我曾侮辱过你们的诗，现在再次郑重的收回。”　　魏尔伦的素描，他心中的兰波，那个叼着烟斗昂首阔步漠视一切的少年，那个爱着他，亦恨着他的少年。那个属于他的兰波。　　当钟声鸣响，　　一切窒息，　　回忆悠远的岁月我哭泣。　　————魏尔伦《秋歌》　　我知道，是为那阳光与阴霾同时滋长的日子。　　我终究没有找到属于兰波的自由，我亦仍然子啊寻找着属于我的自由。　　在朋友的一本书上，我看到了兰波和魏尔伦在酩酊小屋合作的数首诗，他们的名字，总是被历史无情的摆放在一起。和任何人一样，他们本应是个孤独的个体，他们的灵魂，该属于他们所热爱的土地，所热爱的人。　　人们也终究会带着他们一生的爱恨，以及所有的追求，长眠于他们心中的圣地。我相信，有那么一个地方，那是别人永远也无法达到的、属于自己的天堂。

我打一个字就跳过去

金山打字练习软件独特的任务关卡模式可轻松助打字零基础的用户成为打字高手。如果原有的内容都过关了，还可以自己添加自己喜欢的文章进行打字练习，当然不仅仅是文章，还可以是文件，单词，字库等相关内容，接下来我教大家 金山打字通怎么导入文章 。 1、打开你电脑上安装的金山打字通之后，选择导入到的一个类型，比如我选择文章练习。 2、然后如下图，我们来点击课程选择的展开图标。 3、然后可以看到一些软件自带的课程，你可以练习它们。 这里的话我选自定义课程。 4、然后在下图的界面中点击立即添加课程。 5、在如下的界面中，我们可以通过复制、粘贴的方式引入外部的文章。 当然也可以点击右上角的导入txt文章。 6、然后找到你的文章所在位置，选择它，点击打开。 7、然后给你的文章起一个名称，点击保存。 8、保存成功之后，我们在选择文章的时候，在自定义的课程中就可以看到你刚才所导入进来的文章了。 选择了之后就可以练这篇文章了。 在这个互联网时代，过关的打字速度是必不可少的，金山打字通不仅可以有效锻炼，还能添加自己想要的内容，相信我教了你导入文章的方法后，能够享受打字的过程。

woKei Kei，pe在ku或者ninging。 buyongza在zu推yu不看g，wpjiu和pza在去的i。 v豆馅儿g，哟za好经过fueni 说做第zumei豆馅儿g侄女i怎么不强迫ue在 shoeng，海洋要zufuai豆馅儿giyazu在yu。 要z不变陈腐gzu在yui豆馅儿geji chiyuez是在ngi豆馅儿geji，ebuz褶老头儿不睡ge在i得做enme。 ifu豆馅儿ba鬼，到ifu豆馅儿kui豆馅儿背。wo兵z褶叔父是在不睡ge在i得做enme。 兵z褶不睡ge在不i得做me，灰不睡g空bage在i得做enme。。。 到ifu豆馅儿见，不躺在象i豆馅儿g，ge在kuz干的第z一带zu给inifuAiz。。 ingfu能zu节日前夜kui 行inbuKeiAii豆馅儿geren，z褶鬼空ge在。。。 是n做样子ui得做zu落下yuu豆馅儿zejiubu不睡g一方空e 做甥儿。在jingiyaingfu。。 jizfu。。用面条能扎jizfujing。。。 i安部在jizu不看gjingi豆馅儿ren。。。。 在jing。。 雅虎翻译上找的，话说回来，我也看不懂。

图书馆或档案馆。。。。

就是不要叙述，用证据证明一种观点的文章。尽量避免凸显个人观点，避免使用“I, we"之类的代词

大家好，本期为大家带来的是Nature集团旗下的子刊Nature Communications，专门发表生物学、物理学和化学等各领域的高质量研究论文，2020年的影响因子为14.91. 1 Cryo-EM structures of human A2ML1 elucidate the protease-inhibitory mechanism of the A2M family 人 A2ML1 的冷冻电镜结构阐明了 A2M 家族的蛋白酶抑制机制 A2ML1 是一种单体蛋白酶抑制剂，属于蛋白酶抑制剂和补体因子的 A2M 超家族。该研究中，作者研究了人类 A2ML1 的蛋白酶抑制机制，并确定了其天然和蛋白酶切割构象的结构。 A2ML1 的功能抑制单元是一种单体，它依赖于蛋白酶的共价结合（由 A2ML1 的硫酯介导）来实现抑制。与将蛋白酶捕获在由四个亚基形成的两个内室中的 A2M 四聚体相比，在蛋白酶切割的单体 A2ML1 中，无序区域围绕捕获的蛋白酶并可能阻止底物进入。在天然 A2ML1 中，诱饵区域穿过疏水通道，这表明诱饵区域切割对这种排列的破坏会触发广泛的构象变化，从而导致蛋白酶抑制。与补体 C3/C4 的结构比较表明，A2M 蛋白质超家族具有这种机制，可触发蛋白水解激活后发生的构象变化。 2 Origins of glycan selectivity in streptococcal Siglec-like adhesins suggest mechanisms of receptor adaptation 链球菌 Siglec 样粘附素中聚糖选择性的起源表明受体适应机制 细菌与宿主受体的结合是共生和发病机制的基础。 许多链球菌使用 Siglec 样结合区 (SLBR) 粘附在细胞表面表达的蛋白质附着碳水化合物上。 识别的精确聚糖库可能决定生物体是否是严格的共生体而不是病原体。 然而，目前尚不清楚是什么驱动了受体选择性。 该研究中，作者使用了五个具有代表性的 SLBR，并确定了序列和结构高变的受体结合位点区域。 结果表明，这些区域使用嵌合发生和单个氨基酸取代来控制首选碳水化合物配体的身份。 作者进一步评估了首选配体的身份如何影响与人类唾液和血浆样品中糖蛋白受体的相互作用。 由于点突变可以改变首选的人类受体，这些研究表明链球菌如何适应环境聚糖库的变化。 3 Computationally designed hyperactive Cas9 enzymes 计算设计的高活性 Cas9 酶 改变活细胞基因组的能力是了解基因如何影响生物体功能的关键，并且对于修改生命系统以达到有用的目的至关重要。 然而，这一目标长期以来一直受到基因工程所涉及的技术挑战的限制。 基因编辑的最新进展绕过了其中一些挑战，但结果并不理想。 该研究中，作者使用 FuncLib 计算设计具有显着更高的不依赖于供体的编辑活性的 Cas9 酶。 作者使用与酵母细胞存活相关的遗传回路来量化 Cas9 活性并发现工程区域之间的协同相互作用。 这些过度活跃的 Cas9 变体在哺乳动物细胞中有效发挥作用，并将更大、更多样化的插入和缺失池引入目标基因组区域，为增强和扩展基于 CRISPR 的基因编辑的可能应用提供了工具。 4 Modular (de)construction of complex bacterial phenotypes by CRISPR/nCas9-assisted, multiplex cytidine base-editing 通过 CRISPR/nCas9 辅助、多重胞苷碱基编辑对复杂细菌表型进行 模块化（去）构建 CRISPR/Cas 技术构成了基因组工程的强大工具，但它们在非传统细菌中的使用取决于宿主因素或外源重组酶，这限制了效率和通量。该研究中，作者通过为革兰氏阴性菌开发广泛适用的基因组工程工具集来减轻这些实际限制。该挑战通过定制 CRISPR 碱基编辑器来解决，该编辑器能够以 >90% 的效率实现单核苷酸分辨率操作 (C·G T·A)。此外，将 Cas6 介导的guide RNAs 处理整合到用于质粒组装的流线型协议中，支持多重碱基编辑，效率 >85%。该工具集用于构建和解构土壤细菌恶臭假单胞菌中的复杂表型。芳香化合物生产表型的单步工程和复杂氧化还原代谢的多步解构说明了该工具箱提供的多重碱基编辑的多功能性。因此，这种方法克服了以前技术的典型局限性，并赋予了迄今为止遥不可及的革兰氏阴性细菌工程计划。 5 Improving recombinant protein production by yeast through genome-scale modeling using proteome constraints 通过使用蛋白质组约束的基因组规模建模提高酵母的重组蛋白产量 真核细胞被用作细胞工厂来生产和分泌大量重组药物蛋白，包括目前最畅销的几种药物。 由于分泌途径的重要作用和复杂性，传统上通过代谢工程改进重组蛋白生产相对临时。 并且需要一种更系统的方法来产生新颖的设计原则。 该研究中，作者提出了酵母酿酒酵母 (pcSecYeast) 的蛋白质组约束的基因组规模蛋白质分泌模型，这使得能够模拟和解释由有限的分泌能力引起的表型。 作者进一步应用 pcSecYeast 模型来预测生产几种重组蛋白的过表达目标。通过实验验证了许多预测的 α-淀粉酶生产目标，以证明 pcSecYeast 作为计算工具在指导酵母工程和改进重组蛋白生产方面的应用。 6 An in vivo gene amplification system for high level expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 一种在酿酒酵母中高水平表达的体内基因扩增系统 由于基因表达水平不足导致的代谢途径瓶颈仍然是使用微生物细胞工厂进行工业生物生产的一个重大问题。增加基因剂量可以克服这些瓶颈，但目前的方法存在许多缺点。该研究中，作者描述了 HapAmp，一种使用单倍体不足作为进化力量来驱动体内基因扩增的方法。 HapAmp 可实现异源基因拷贝的高效、可滴定和稳定整合，将多达 47 个拷贝传递到酵母基因组中。该方法以代谢工程为例，可显着提高倍半萜橙花油、单萜柠檬烯和四萜番茄红素的产量。柠檬烯滴度在单个工程步骤中提高了 20 倍，在烧瓶培养中 1 g L -1 。作者还展示了酵母中异源蛋白质产量的显着增加。 HapAmp 是一种快速解锁代谢瓶颈的有效方法，用于微生物细胞工厂的发展。 7 Discovery and characterization of a terpene biosynthetic pathway featuring a norbornene-forming Diels-Alderase 发现和表征具有降冰片烯形成 Diels-Alderase 的萜烯生物合成途径 周环酶，即催化周环反应的酶，形成了具有生物催化效用的不断扩大的酶家族。尽管发现了越来越多的周环酶，但令人惊讶的是，环戊二烯和烯烃亲二烯体之间的 Diels-Alder 环化反应形成降冰片烯，这是合成化学中研究最好的环加成反应之一，迄今为止还没有相应的酶促反应。该研究中，作者报告了以降冰片烯合酶 SdnG 为特征的途径的发现，该途径用于生物合成 sordaricin - 抗真菌天然产物 sordarin 的萜烯前体。sordaricin 生物合成的完全重构揭示了 Nature 使用的一种简洁的氧化策略，用于将完全碳氢化合物前体转化为 SdnG 的高度功能化底物，用于分子内 Diels-Alder 环加成。SdnG 生成 sordaricin 的降冰片烯核心并加速该反应以抑制活化的亲双烯体的宿主介导的氧化还原修饰。这项工作的发现扩大了周环酶催化反应和 P450 介导的萜烯成熟的范围。 8 Rationally engineering santalene synthase to readjust the component ratio of sandalwood oil 合理改造檀香合成酶调整檀香油成分比例 植物精油 (PEO) 广泛用于化妆品和保健品行业。 PEO的成分比例决定了它们的质量。在PEO生物技术平台的建设中，控制组分比例是一项挑战。该研究中，作者通过多尺度模拟 探索 产物混杂和产物特异性檀香烯合酶（即 SaSSy 和 SanSyn）的催化反应途径。 SanSyn 的 F441 被发现是限制中间体构象动力学的关键残基，因此一般碱基 T298 的直接去质子化主要产生 α-檀香烯。随后对该塑料残基的诱变导致产生突变酶 SanSynF441V，该酶可产生 α-和 β-檀香烯。通过代谢工程的努力，檀香萜/檀香酚滴度达到 704.2 mg/L，成分比与 ISO 3518:2002 标准非常匹配。本研究代表了通过代谢和酶工程相结合构建具有理想组分比例的 PEO 生物技术平台的范例。

Do proper exercise ahd read some English articles every day.

I have a lovely dog. It name"s Nacy.It"s a young dog. It"s only one years old. When I do my homework in my bedroom,it usually plays on my bed.It likes playing with me.We go to the park every evening.When I am ling on the grass , it will sit near me.It can help me do many things . It can make me smile . All my friends are love my dog very much!What a lovely dog! I love my dog! It loves me too!

WIKI

....大哥。。翻译很耗时耗力的。。。尤其你里面还有专业术语。。。100悬赏分。。。

好长

　　感恩，不一定非得惊天动地，轰轰烈烈，云淡风轻足以让人刻骨铭心就像一首唱不完的小情歌，轻轻的，淡淡的，暖暖的，沁人心脾……下面就是我给大家整理的，希望大家喜欢。 　　：The power of love 　　Love is the parents is the world"s largest love, is in their minds share of family support them, let them e in the heart of the disaster sons and daughters. 　　Kitagawa, May 14, 2008, the parents who struggle with death more than 40 hours after the three-year-old girl Song Xin Yi finally rescued, rescue workers to feed her milk. Her parents live in the time, desperate to protect the fragile body of her, until both passing away, also maintained that posture. Parents touched by the love of God, let the children saved, *** all Xinyi Zaitianzhiling parents can fort! 　　：感恩节 　　Edward Winslow"s account details that "they went out and killed five deer" and mentions that "our governor sent four men on fowling" and that "they four, in one day, killed as much fowl as, with a little help beside, served the pany almost a week." While it is possible that turkeys may have been killed, it is more likely that ducks or geese were the primary targets. 　　In addition, the crops grown by both settler and Native American would have graced that early thanksgiving dinner. Corn, squash, potatoes, yams, even wheat to make bread were, in all probability, shared and enjoyed. 　　Today there is such a large variety of food to choose from that a Thanksgiving Dinner can feature almost any main course. True, the traditional turkey is still the meat of choice, yet goose, duck, ham, even some of the sea"s harvests can be used. In place of sweet potatoes, peas, greens, and even more exotic vegetables all make their way to this celebration of Thanksgiving and harvest. 　　The key to a Thanksgiving menu is to choose foods that will represent the idea of giving thanks for a good year, a harvesting of good fortune, and the sharing of the bounty of your efforts with friends and family. In today"s world, the only limit on preparing a Thanksgiving Dinner is an individual"s imagination and creativity. 　　：感恩节 　　Thanksgiving is a holiday celebrated in much of North America, generally observed as an expression of gratitude, usually to God. The most mon view of its origin is that it was to give thanks to God for the bounty of the autumn harvest. In the United States, the holiday is celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November. In Canada, where the harvest generally ends earlier in the year, the holiday is celebrated on the second Monday in October, which is observed as Columbus Day or protested as Indigenous Peoples Day in the United States. 　　Thanksgiving is traditionally celebrated with a feast shared among friends and family. In the United States, it is an important family holiday, and people often travel across the country to be with family members for the holiday. The Thanksgiving holiday is generally a "four-day" weekend in the United States, in which Americans are given the relevant Thursday and Friday off. Thanksgiving is almost entirely celebrated at home, unlike the Fourth of July or Christmas, which are associated with a variety of shared public experiences ***fireworks, caroling, etc.*** 　　

Successively hold the posts of chairman Central People"s Government of the People"s Republic of China chairman Chairman Mao (September 27 , 1954 on October 1 , 1949) President , the People"s Republic of China Chairman Mao (April 27 , 1959 on September 27 , 1954) Liu Shao Qi (October 31 , 1968 on April 27 , 1959) PRC honorary president Song Qing Ling conferring President , the People"s Republic of China (hereafter in 1982) Li Xian Nian (April 8 , 1988 on June 18 , 1983) Yang Shang Kun (March 27 , 1993 on April 8 , 1988) President Jiang (March 15 , 2003 on March 27 , 1993) President Hu ((March 15 , 2003 on May 16 , 1981) so far)

Sunday 1st january sunnyThis morning,mun and I went to the zoo by bus.We sat atthe back of thebus.soon thebus stopped and some people got off.The bussfarted again

DerivativeWhen a function y=f(x) has been defined in (which contains the point ). And , as d approaches 0 ( ), could be worked out as a certain number, though it could not be exactly the same. This number is called this functionu2018s derivative at the point , and could be written as fu2019( ).That means fu2019( ) ( )And also fu2019(x) is also a function related to x, so we can call fu2019(x) is the derived function. I think we could also say that the derivative is the rate of the change.Just look right as chapter 1 shows.First we notice as x increases, the value of y also raises up. However, the average increase rate from to , seem to be much more large than the rate during the same length of time from to . So we could get that though in one certain process of increase, the rate can be variable, can be not uniform. Actually, that the most common phenomenon, different average rates of change of different time may be a more useful number for people. But, if we reduce the length between to , that we will surely get another number of the rate. As we go on our work to make the smaller and smaller, even approaches 0, we may get the certain number for the change rate at that point, though we could not see the change in such a small interval. In fact that are our eyes cheeting us !!! y is still increase, and the number of the rate at that corresponding x is what we called the derivative at that point.As I mentioned before, we have to reduce the to a very very smaller number. The limit is very important as I could show how to solve a maths problem. For the function of , how could we solve the derivative when t=2 ? At first we must know the derivative is the rate of the change. So we could first suppose there is a little interval . And then we try to find the change of the two points.But we have the precondition is that the is very small , ( ). And then we could consider the output answer as . This is because the is too small that we could ignore it, as we could ignore the . So when the t is 2, the derivative is 10*2+10=30. Otherwise, without the limit, you may not solve the question in this method.The derivative also could be used in large range of science such as math, physics and even in our daily life. I think the most important role that it could be is a tool to solve function and geometry problems in math. For example, in the chapter 1, we could also use the derivative to represents the slope of the tangent line at a certain x. The same way in reverse, we could solve the slope also. The step for solving the tangent line:1. solve fu2019(x) at for the function y=f(x)2. use to get the function of the tangent lineNotice, if at point , the derivative is not defined, but there still has a tangent line, that means the tangent line is perpendicular to the x axis.If we use the derivative to solve the function problem. For example, if fu2019(x) is bigger than 0, that means it is a increasing function, on the other hand, the function will be a decreasing one if fu2019(x) is smaller than zero. When f(x) is 0, the function may has its extreme value at that point. Of course we may then solve the maximum or the minimum value of the function.Also derivative is very important in physics, also we can say the velocity is the derivative of the displacement, the accleration is the derivative of the velcity, the electric current is the derivative of the electric quantity, and so on. This time, we could use the derivative to solve different questions. Futhermore, in our daily life, we may use the principle of how derivative works in the function to know when we could get the max or the min value we need.

对主谓宾定状表补和简单句的五大基本句型不熟悉把这些搞得滚瓜烂熟的，就能看懂了（复合句都是可以拆成简单句的，所以简单句是基础）

1．杨 峰，郑 敏：外周血B淋巴细胞增殖试验。上海免疫学杂志 1987,6：3572． 郑 敏，朱铁城： B淋巴细胞激活与系统性红斑狼疮 国外医学 皮肤科分册 1987，6：2653. 杨 峰，郑 敏：龟板提取物对SAC 诱导的B淋巴细胞增殖反应的影响。中国免疫学杂志 1988,2 ：1274． 张家敬，郑敏 ：系统性红斑狼疮患者B 淋巴细胞增殖功能的辨证分型 浙江中医杂志 1989,24：4175． 郑 敏，朱铁城 ：系统性红斑狼疮患者B淋巴细胞增殖功能及临床意义 中华皮肤科杂志1990,23：906． Mrowietz M.,Zheng M.,Christophers E.: Phenotyping of human peripheral bloodmonocyte subpopulations in inflammatory dermatoses: Evidence for differential regulation of antigen expression in atopic dermatitis,allergic contact eczema and psoriasis. Symposium on the macrophage 1990,part I,held at the 1990 annual conference of the upper Rhine universities,Freibury,Germany,September 6-8,1990. Pathobiology 59 (3).1991.178.7． Mrowietz M.,Zheng M.,Schwarz T.,Urbanski A.:Production of interleukin-6 from human blood monocyte subpopulations in patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. (Abstract) J Invest Dermatol 1991,96(6)10088． Zheng Min,Yang Hua,Mrowietz M .et al. Isolation of Human Monocyte Subpopulation by Single-step Counterflow Centrifugation Elutriation by a Sanderson Chamber. Clinical Biotechnology 1991,3：1979． 郑敏等，银屑病患者单核细胞亚群表型细胞流式仪分析研究 中华皮肤科杂志 1992,25:17510． 朱可建、郑敏：树突状细胞与变态反应性疾病 浙江大学学报医学版 2002 18(2):143-14511．孙国钧，郑 敏，陈有英：环胞菌素A 治疗严重皮肌炎 中华皮肤科杂志 1993,25: 37112． 郑敏等。SLE 患者抗心磷脂抗体和凝血功能检测 中华皮肤科杂志 1993,26:8013． 郑敏等。SLE患者可溶性IL-2受体水平及临床意义 中华皮肤科杂志 1993,26 :34314． 劳力民，郑敏，孙国均：系统性红斑狼疮患者血清铁蛋白水平测定 科技通报1994,11(5):321-32215． Zheng Min,Mrowietz U.,Christophers E. Phenotypic characteristics of human blood monocyte subpopulations in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis: evidence for differential expression of surface molecules. (Abstract) Arch Dermatol Res 1994,286 : 18816． Zheng Min,Christophers E.,Mrowietz U. Chemotactic activity of purified human T-lymphocytes towards interleukin 8 in patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. (Abstract) Arch Dermatol Res 1995,287 : 36617． Zheng Min,Mrowietz U.,Christophers E. Phenotypic characteristics of human blood monocyte subpopulations in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis: evidence for differential expression of surface molecules. (Abstract) Chin Med J 1995,108 （3）：23818． Zheng Min,Mrowietz U: CCE isolated Monocytes is chemotactic to IL-8. . (Abstract) Arch Dermatol Res 1996,288 : 45419． Zheng Min,Christophers E.,Mrowietz U. Decreased chemotactic activity and increased activation of T-lymphocytes in psoriasis. (Abstract) J Invest Dermatol 1996,106:92420． Zheng Min et al.The chemotactic activity of T-lymphocytes in response to interleukin 8 is significantly decreased in patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 1996,5 :33421． 蔡绥勍,孙国钧，郑敏： 银屑病皮损ICAM-3 表达的免疫组化研究. 中国皮肤性病学杂志1997:5(11) 131-13222． Muller R. Zheng Min. Mrowietz U: Significant reduction of human monocyte chemotactic response to monocyte-chemotactic protein 1 in patients with primary and metastatic malignant melanoma. Exp. Dermatol 1997,6: 81-8623． Zheng Min and Mrowietz U.: Phenotypic differences between human blood monocyte subpopulations in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol 1997,24:370.24． 郑敏等： 以痒疹为皮肤表现的艾滋病. 临床皮肤科杂志 1998,2:11425． 蔡绥勍，孙国钧，郑敏：银屑病患者粘附因子免疫组化研究.中华皮肤科杂志1998,2:79-8126． 郑敏，孙国钧，蔡绥勍：银屑病患者T淋巴细胞化学趋化功能.中华皮肤科杂志 1998,2:8727． Zheng Min et al.: The chemotactic activity of T-lymphocytes in response to interleukin 8 in patients with psoriasis. Chin Med J 中华医学杂志英文版1998,2:16628． 郑敏，蔡绥勍，，孙国钧： 恶性黑色素瘤患者T淋巴细胞化学趋化功能. 中华皮肤科杂志 1998,4: 87－9129． 曹越兰，郑敏，商慧英： Reiter 病1例 临床皮肤科杂志 1998，4:26130． 蔡绥勍，陈有英，郑敏： 青霉素诱发泛发性脓疱性银屑病3例 临床皮肤科杂志 1998，4:26831． 郑敏，孙国钧： 恶性黑色素瘤治疗研究进展 实用肿瘤杂志1998,13: 328－32932． 蔡绥勍，，郑敏，孙国钧： 钙泊三醇外用治疗可减少银屑病皮损中ICAM-3阳性浸润细胞的表达. 中华皮肤科杂志 1998:6:360-36233． Zheng M et al.: Significent reduction of T-cell Chemotaxis to MCP-1 in Patients with Primary and Metastatic Melanoma. Chin Med J 中华医学杂志 英文版1999,112(6):493－49634．邱家全，孙国均，郑敏等：胫前粘液性水肿拌甲亢1例 临床皮肤科杂志 2000;29(5)302-30335．蔡绥勍，，郑敏，孙国钧：系统性红斑狼疮患者Tamm-Horsfall 蛋白的测定及其临床意义 中华皮肤科杂志 2000,33: 8-936．蔡绥勍，，林丽萍，茅晓红.曹越兰 郑敏： Q开关Nd:YAG激光治疗135例错误纹眉疗效分析 临床皮肤科杂志 2000;29(1)28-2937．陈积素，郑敏： 血管生长因子与银屑病 国外医学 皮肤科分册 2000.(1)1638．郑敏，蔡绥勍，，孙国钧等 异位性皮炎T细胞化学趋化功能研究 浙江大学学报医学版 2000. 29: (2) 49-5139．金洁，钱文斌，郑敏，R Parwaresch: 小剂量雷公藤内酯醇对K562细胞端粒酶活性的影响 中华血液学杂志 2000. (21)12:654-65540．朱可建、Mrowietz、郑敏等：Il-8,MCP-1,RANTES 及其受体在树突状细胞中的表达与其趋化性 中华微生物与免疫学杂志 2000.(20)4:344~34541．朱可建、沈倩云、Mrowietz and 郑敏： Human monocyte-dendritic cells both express chemotactic cytokines IL-8,MCP-1,RANTES and their receptors and selectively migrate to chemokines. Chin Med J 中华医学杂志 英文版 2000;113(12)1124-112842．朱可建、Mrowietz、郑敏等：抗CD25单克隆抗体治疗银屑病的初步观察 中华皮肤科杂志 2001 34（2）：12543． 戴宇文、毛建华、梁黎、郑敏： 过敏性紫癜患儿T细胞亚群和免疫球蛋白检测 中华皮肤科杂志 2001,34 (6):45444．Zhu KJ、Shen QY、Zheng Min et al: Effects of calcitriol and its analogues on interaction of MCP-1 and monocyte-derived dendritic cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2001;22:62-6545．黄新炎、郑敏： 激光脱毛的治疗现状 国外医学 皮肤科分册 2001，27（3）：131~13446．颜文飞、孙国均、郑敏：角质形成细胞生长因子与银屑病 国外医学 皮肤科分册 2001，27（1）：10~1247．梁爱民、郑敏、孙国均：儿童线状免疫球蛋白A大疱性皮病1例报告 浙江预防医学2002，103(3):4048．朱可建、周伟芳、周凯、郑敏等：延胡索酸脂对体外培养的树突状细胞分化的影响 浙江大学学报医学版 2002,31(6):453-45649．陈积愫、郑敏： 银屑病血清皮损VEGF表达与临床 中华皮肤科杂志 2002 (35)2: 111-11350．颜文飞、郑敏、孙国均： 银屑病皮损NGF和EGF表达与临床 中华皮肤科杂志 2002(35)2: 94-9651．王建有、郑敏等： SLE患者血清MCP-1和RANTES水平检测与临床 中华皮肤科杂志 2002(35)1:20-21.52．蔡绥勍、郑敏： 银屑病患者皮损和血清粘附因子表达研究. 中华皮肤科杂志 2002(35)2: 99-10153.郑敏： 银屑病是细胞免疫介导性皮肤病? 中华皮肤科杂志 2002(35)2: 85-8754．朱可建、周伟芳、劳力民、郑敏：银屑病患者外周血单核细胞向树突状细胞分化能力研究.中华皮肤科杂志 2002(35)2: 88-9055．刘伦飞、俞新民、郑敏： 重症药疹分析 临床皮肤科杂志 2002;31(6)302-30356． 刘伦飞、郑敏： CXCR3及其配体与皮肤病 国外医学 皮肤科分册2002;28(5)16657．鲍 彰、郑敏： Fratalkine及其受体与皮肤病 国外医学 皮肤科分册2003;28(6)365-36758．吕中法、伍津津、刘荣卿、钟白玉、郑敏： 碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对毛发生长的研究 中华皮肤科杂志2002:35(6)47559．蔡绥勍、、姚丽芳、郑敏等： 泛发性皮肤肥大细胞增生病一例. 中华皮肤科杂志 2002(35)6: 48460．吴贤杰、郑敏： Tarcrolimus外用治疗皮肤病的进展 中华皮肤科杂志2002(35)6: 491-49361．严建良、周伟芳、周凯、郑敏： 26例梅毒妇女及其子女TPPA、RPR检测结果分析 中国麻风皮肤病杂志 2002 (18)4:414-41562．刘伦飞、周伟芳、周凯、郑敏：1004例支原体性尿道及宫颈炎病原药敏试验 浙江预防医学 2002 14(12)59-6163．蔡绥勍、、姚丽芳、郑敏等： Merkel 细胞癌1例 临床皮肤科杂志 2002,31(5):316-31764．殷文浩、郑敏等： 淋球菌流行株对抗生素耐药性的监测.《浙江预防医学》2003（15）4:29-3065．殷文浩、郑敏： 防御素与皮肤病 国外医学 皮肤科分册2003(29)1:25-2766．邱斌松、殷文浩、陈正行、郑敏： Leser-Trelat 症1例报告 实用肿瘤杂志2003(18)1:54-5567．刘伦飞、郑敏： SLE患者血清I-TAC水平与临床意义 中华皮肤科杂志2003(36)1:4-668．吕中法、郑敏、蔡绥勍、孙国均：莫能菌素中毒抢救一例. 中华医学杂志2003,83(4):30569．蔡绥勍，、郑敏等： 595nm脉冲染料激光和532nm半导体泵激光治疗蜘蛛痣 中华皮肤科杂志 2003,36(6): 353-35470．朱可建、商惠英、劳力民、郑敏等：银屑病患者T细胞CD25和CD69的表达 中华皮肤科杂志 2003 36（3）：142-14471．吕中法、伍津津、刘荣卿、钟白玉、郑敏： 影响毛囊器官型培养中胶元凝胶收缩的几个因素分析　浙江大学学报（医学版）2003:32(4)323-32672．朱 凡、郑敏等： 银屑病患者VEGF受体KDR和FLK-1 表达与血管增生关系研究 中华皮肤科杂志2003,36(7):365-36773．黄新炎、郑敏： 激光脱毛术后家狗皮肤组织学和超微结构变化 浙江大学学报医学版 2003: 32(4)330-341.74．叶进、劳力民、严建良、郑敏： 伴类白血病反应的脓疱型银屑病1例 临床皮肤科杂志 2003,32(8):47075．殷文浩、郑敏： 302例梅毒患者临床分析 浙江大学学报医学版 2003:32(12)536-54276．殷文浩、郑敏： 基质金属蛋白酶与结缔组织病（综述）《国外医学：皮肤性病学分册》2003（29）6: 11：646-64977．殷文浩、劳力民、郑敏等： 僵硬皮肤综合征一例. 《中华皮肤科杂志》2003（36）12:32178．黄新炎、郑敏： 外源性α-MSH对翠绿宝石激光脱毛疗效的影响观察 中华皮肤科杂志 2003,(36)11：646-64979．朱凡、郑敏：血管内皮生长因子受体与银屑病血管异常的关系 浙江大学学报医学版 2003:32(6)543-54680．蔡绥勍，、郑敏、陈丽荣： Recurrent Merkel cell carcinoma Chin Med J (Engl) 中华医学杂志英文版 2003,116(9): 1429-1431 SCI收录81．刘暘、郑敏： 系统性红斑狼疮患者血清巨噬细胞来源的趋化因子的检测及与疾病活动性的关系 中华皮肤科杂志2004:37(1)4782． 殷文浩、鲍彰、郑敏： 系统性红斑狼疮患者血清MMP-9检测《中华皮肤科杂志》2004,37(2): 77-7983． 蔡绥勍、刘伦飞、郑敏等：组织细胞吞噬性脂膜炎一例 《中华皮肤科杂志》 2004,37(2): 12284．王建有、陈有英、郑敏：寄生虫病妄想一例 《中华皮肤科杂志》2004,37(3): 16185．吴贤杰、郑敏、吕中法： 他克莫司对阿糖胞苷引起的离体毛囊损伤的保护作用 《中华皮肤科杂志》2004，37(6): 36586．刘暘、郑敏： 血清中肝细胞因子与SLE活动性的关系 《中华检验医学杂志》2004，27（2）：76-7887．吴贤杰，郑敏，吕中法。他克莫司对小鼠触须毛囊体外培养生物学特性的研究，《中国药学杂志》2004,39(5)：7-9。EI收录88．傅君芬，戴宇文，梁黎，沈洪强，郑敏：GPI-80表达动态变化与过敏性紫癜患儿病情相关性研究 《中华皮肤科杂志》 2004,37(6): 338-34089．Zheng Min,Zhu Fan et al: Overexpression of vascular endothelian growth factor receptors in epidermis of psoriasis vulgaris J Invest Dermatol 2004,122(3):862(A1) SCI/ ISTP90．吴贤杰、郑敏、吕中法： 咪诺环素对对阿糖胞苷引起的离体毛囊损伤的保护作用 《浙江大学学报医学版》2004,33(4)：289-29491．吴贤杰、吕中法、郑敏等： 毛囊球部细胞体外在胶原/壳聚糖多孔支架上形成皮肤样结构的研究 浙江大学学报医学版2004,33(4) 280-28492．吴贤杰、郑敏、吕中法：骨形成蛋白在毛囊中表达意义的研究进展 浙江大学学报医学版2004,33(4)：369-37393．吕中法、曹越兰、郑敏： 毛囊细胞移植诱导裸鼠毛囊样结构形成的研究.浙江大学学报医学版2004,33(4):286-28894．吕中法、伍津津、刘荣卿、钟白玉、郑敏：培养毛乳头细胞FGF,ET-1,SCF的表达及其生物学特性.浙江大学学报医学版2004,33(4)295-29895．刘暘、郑敏等：SLE患者血清HGF与MMP-9的检测及与疾病活动性的关系研究 浙江大学学报医学版2004,33(4):339-34296．蔡绥勍，、陈丽荣、王海军、姚丽芳、郑敏：磷酸化STAT3和p53基因在表皮肿瘤中的表达.浙江大学学报医学版2004,33(4):330-33397．郑敏、吕中法：皮肤毛囊研究进展 浙江大学学报医学版2004,33(4):277-28098．刘暘、郑敏等：系统性红斑狼疮患者血清MDC与MMP-9的检测及与疾病活动性关系.中华检验医学杂志.2004,27(12):833-835.99．刘暘、郑敏等：血清基质金属蛋白酶－9检测与系统性红斑狼疮活动性的关系.中华风湿病学杂志.2004,8(4): 220-222.100．刘暘、郑敏等：SLE患者血清HGF及MMP-9的临床意义及相关机理探讨.中华皮肤科杂志.2004,37(12):703-705101．刘暘、郑敏等：他克莫思对RH-HGF刺激ECV304细胞株表达MMP-9的抑制作用。浙江大学学报医学版2004,33(6):540-5452004年有16篇一级杂志文章102．周建光、郑敏： TARC在某些皮肤疾病的研究进展（综述）《国外医学：皮肤性病学分册》2005（31）1: 29-31103．Cai. Suiqing,Z. Min,C. Rirong: Overexpression of Phosphorylated-STAT3 Correlated with the Invasion and Metastasis of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Dermatol. 2005,32:354-360.SCI收录104．刘暘、郑敏等： 咪诺环素对rhHGF刺激ECV304细胞株表达MMP-9的抑制作用 中国现代应用药学2005.22（2）：95-99105．吴贤杰、郑敏等：阿糖胞苷引起的毛囊损伤的离体模型建立以及他克莫司对其的逆转作用 中国现代应用药学2005.22（2）：109-113106．蔡绥勍，、陈丽荣、王海军、姚丽芳、郑敏等： 磷酸化信号传导和转录激活因子3和上皮钙粘着素尚在表皮肿瘤的表达《中华皮肤科杂志》2005.38：（2） 86-88107．蔡绥勍，、郑敏、陈丽荣等： 阿维A对表皮鳞状癌细胞A431细胞株生长及凋亡的影响《中华皮肤科杂志》2005.38：（4） 225-228108．周建光、郑敏： 双肺弥漫性钙化灶--右下肺单发型上皮样血管内皮瘤《中华医学杂志》2005.85（26）1864-1867109．蔡绥勍，、王海军、郑敏等： 皮肤鳞状细胞癌STAT3和MAPK磷酸化及CYCLIN D1蛋白表达的意义《中国皮肤性病学杂志》2005，19（8）：449-454110．张宝荣. 殷鑫浈. 夏昆. 丁美萍. 胡正茂. 郑敏. 刘志蓉. 夏家辉: 一个表皮松解性掌跖角化病家系的KRT9基因突变分析中华医学遗传学杂志2004年（21）6：570-111．吴华香，李军,郑敏： 关节型银屑病的临床表现与治疗《中华皮肤科杂志》2005.38：（5） 170112．高文凤、郑敏： 光过敏与自身免疫病的研究进展（综述）《国外医学：皮肤性病学分册》2005（31）5: 294-296113．温丽虹、郑敏： 自身免疫病的研究进展（综述）《国外医学：皮肤性病学分册》2005（31）5: 291-293114．吴贤杰、郑敏： 肥大细胞增生症与C-kit 《国外医学：病理生理学分册》2005(25)1:87-90115．蔡绥勍. 陈丽荣. 郑敏：细胞信号传导分子与皮肤肿瘤 国外医学.皮肤性病学分册2004年（30）6：393-395116．Cai Suiqing,Zheng Min,et al. Overexpression of Phosphorylated -STAT3 Correlated with the Invasion and and Metastasis of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2005.124(4):A17 (099) Abstract SCI/ ISTP117． Zheng Min et al. Skin-like Structure Generated from Implantation of Hair Follicle Bulb Cells into Collagen/Chitosan Porous Scaffolds in vitro. J Invest Dermatol 2005.124(4):A99 (590)Abstract SCI/ ISTP118． Zheng Min et al. Protective Effects of Minocycline against Hair Follicle Damage Induced by Cytosine Arabinoside. J Invest Dermatol 2005.124(4):A99 (589)Abstract SCI/ ISTP119． Zheng Min,Cai Suiqing,et al. The Effects of Acitretin on proliferation and Apoptosis Induction in Non-Melanoma Epidermal Squamous Carcinoma Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2005.124(4):A17 (100)Abstract SCI/ ISTP120．.Lu Zhongfa,Zheng Min et al: Biological Characterizaton ofcultured dermal papilla cells and hair follicle regeneration in vitro and in vivo…J Invest Dermatol 2005.4: 2005.124(4):A100 (595)Abstract SCI/ ISTP121．周建光、郑敏等： 疑难病例评析： 双肺弥漫性钙化症-右下肺单发型上皮样血管内皮瘤《中华医学杂志》2005.85(26):1864-1867122．周建光、郑敏等： POEM 综合症《中华皮肤科杂志》2005(38)10:647123．傅君芬、梁黎、董关萍、王秀敏、郑敏： 《中华皮肤科杂志》2005（38）7：429-431124．蔡绥勍，、陈丽荣、郑敏等： 伊曲替酸对表皮鳞癌细胞信号转导相关基因表达的影响《中华肿瘤杂志》2006（28）1：21-24125．吕中法等、郑敏： 培养毛乳头细胞生物学和毛囊重建的研究. 《中华皮肤科杂志》2006.39（2）64-67。126．郑敏：银屑病发病机制研究的问题与方向 《中华皮肤科杂志》2006(39)3：121-123127．蔡绥勍，、陈丽荣、郑敏等： 伊曲替酸诱导上皮鳞癌细胞凋亡及相关信号途经的改变 浙江大学学报医学版2006，35（2）：182-188128．满孝勇、郑敏： 银屑病治疗进展《中华皮肤科杂志》2006(39)3：174-177129．Zheng M,et al: Expression of vascular endothelium growth factor receptor 3 on keratinocytes in psoriatic epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 2006.125(4) Abstract. SCI/ ISTP130．Man SY,Zheng M,Yang XH: Calcium enhance mRNA expression of VEGFR1,VEGFR2 and VEGFR3,but not Neuropilins on epidermal keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2006.125(4)Abstract SCI/ ISTP131．Yang XH,Zheng M,Man SY et al: 17βestradiol enhance the mRNA and protein expression in HaCaT cell line. J Invest Dermatol 2006.125(4)Abstract SCI/ ISTP132．Cai SQ,Zheng M,et al: Acitretin Induces Apoptosis and Change of Relative Signaling Pathway in Epidermoid Carcinoma Cell Line. J Invest Dermatol 2006.125(4)Abstract SCI/ ISTP133．Zhou JG,Zheng M,et al: High Mobility Group Box 1 Expression in Murine Lupus Nephritis. J Invest Dermatol 2006.125(4)Abstract SCI/ ISTP134．Zhang XQ,Zheng M,et al: Effects of 8-methoxypsoralen on melanocytes adhesion,migration and expression of MMP-2 in vitro. J Invest Dermatol 2006.125(4)Abstract SCI/ ISTP135．Zheng M、Liu Yang,et al: Relationship between Serum level of MDC and MMP-9 and disease activity in patients with SLE.J Invest Dermatol 2006.125(4):Abstract SCI/ ISTP136．蔡绥勍，陈丽荣，郑敏： 伊曲替酸诱导上皮鳞癌细胞凋亡及相关信号途经的改变 浙江大学学报医学版2006，35（2）：182-188137．满孝勇、郑敏： 银屑病发病的遗传与免疫机制研究进展《中华皮肤科杂志》（综述）2006.39（4）：238-240138． Lu Zhong-fa，Zheng min et al: Biological Characterization of cultured dermal pappilla cells and hair follicle regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Chin Med J 2006 (4):275-281.SCI收录139．徐玮、郑敏： 神经营养素在特应性皮炎发病机制中的作用（综述）《国际皮肤性病学杂志》2006，32（3）165-167140．江建雄、郑敏： 遗传性血管性水肿研究进展（讲座）《国际皮肤性病学杂志》2006，32（3）198-200.141．赵璐、郑敏：移植物抗宿主病的皮肤表现和治疗进展（综述）《国际皮肤性病学杂志》2006，32（3）153-155．

直接申请注册一个好啦 很好申的啊

英语文章尤利西斯和风袋 　　Ulysses得到了风王的帮助，有望从无边的大海中回到自己的家乡。结果却功亏一篑，是怎么回事呢?我们一起来看看吧! 　　Ulysses and the Bag of Winds 　　Long, long ago, there lived upon a little island a Greek king named Ulysses. 　　One time Ulysses sailed far away across the sea to fight for his country, and for ten long years he was away from his beautiful wife and his little son. At last the Greeks captured1 the city they were fighting against, and the war ended. "Now I can go back to my island home," said Ulysses,joyfully2, as he and his men set sail for home. 　　"Once more I can see my wife and son!" on the way, they stopped to rest at the home of a king named Eolus, who lived on an island in the sea. It was a wonderful island; all around it was a high wall of bronze. Eolus was king of the winds. He could make the winds sleep so soundly that the sea would be as smooth as glass, or he could make them blow so hard that the waves would be as high as mountains. 　　When Ulysses was ready to start on his way again, Eolus said, "I will help you to reach your home, Ulysses. I will put all the stormy winds in this great bag of ox-hide. Then they cannot harm you. I will the bag with this golden chain; but I will leave out the gentle west wind, do bear you safely home. Guard the bag of winds carefully. And do not let anyone untie3 the chain." 　　Then the west wind blew softly4 and sent them in safety on their way. For nine days and nine nights Ulysses guarded the bag of winds, until at last he became very tired and sleepy. Now the men with Ulysses did not know what was in the great bag. "See how he guards it!" they said. "Surely it has gold and silver in it, for it is tied with a golden chain. We helped Ulysses in the war; why should he have all the gold and the silver?" 　　At last, on the tenth day, they came in sight of their dear island. "Look, look!" cried the men, joyfully. "There are our green fields! Soon we shall see our homes." Then the weary5 Ulysses, thinking that he need not guard the bag any longer, fell fast asleep. "Now we can see what is in the bag!" 　　So they crept6 up to the bag and untied7 the golden chain. Out flew all the stormy winds,roaring8 and howling! In a moment, great waves arose and drove the ship far from the land. The noise of the winds and the waves awoke Ulysses. Where was his little island home? Where were the green fields he loved so well? They were far, far away, for the ship was out on the stormy sea. 　　"Oh, what shall I do?" cried Ulysses. "I fear that I shall never see my home again. But I must not give up; I will try again and again. Some day I may reach my home, and see my wife and son once more." 　　After a long time, the stormy winds drove the ship back to the island where Eolus lived. How glad Ulysses was when "Eolus can help us," he said. "He will the winds again" but Eolus was angry with Ulysses and his men. "Go away!" Eolus said. "I will not help you a second time, for it is your own fault that he stormy winds are out of the bag." So once more Ulysses set out upon the sea, and it was many long years before he saw his island home again. 　　词汇积累 　　1 captured 　　俘获( capture的过去式和过去分词 ); 夺取; 夺得; 引起(注意、想像、兴趣) 　　参考例句： 　　uf0b7Allied troops captured over 300 enemy soldiers. 盟军俘虏了300多名敌方士兵。 　　uf0b7Most of the rebels were captured and disarmed. 大部分叛乱分子被俘获并解除了武装。 　　2 joyfully 　　adv. 喜悦地, 高兴地 　　参考例句： 　　uf0b7She tripped along joyfully as if treading on air. 她高兴地走着，脚底下轻飘飘的。 　　uf0b7During these first weeks she slaved joyfully. 在最初的几周里，她干得很高兴。 　　3 untie 　　vt.解开，松开;解放 　　参考例句： 　　uf0b7It"s just impossible to untie the knot.It"s too tight.这个结根本解不开。太紧了。 　　uf0b7Will you please untie the knot for me?请你替我解开这个结头，好吗? 　　4 softly 　　adv.柔和地，静静地，温柔地 　　参考例句： 　　uf0b7He speaks too softly for her to hear.他讲话声音太轻，她听不见。 　　uf0b7She breathed her advice softly.她低声劝告。 　　5 weary 　　adj.疲劳的，使人疲劳的;vi.厌烦，不耐烦 　　参考例句： 　　uf0b7He has laid out all his strength and is weary.他使出了全部气力，非常疲倦。 　　uf0b7I am weary of his constant complaints.我对他不断发牢骚感到厌烦。 　　6 crept 　　v.蹑手蹑足地走( creep的过去式和过去分词 );缓慢地行进;爬行;匍匐 　　参考例句： 　　uf0b7I crept up the stairs, trying not to wake my parents. 为了尽量不吵醒父母，我蹑手蹑脚地上了楼。 　　uf0b7He had crept up on his unsuspecting victim from behind. 他从背后悄悄逼近了那毫无戒备的受害者。 　　7 untied 　　松开，解开( untie的过去式和过去分词 ); 解除，使自由; 解决 　　参考例句： 　　uf0b7Once untied, we common people are able to conquer nature, too. 只要团结起来，我们老百姓也能移山倒海。 　　uf0b7He untied the ropes. 他解开了绳子。 　　8 roaring 　　n.吼声;咆哮;怒号;轰鸣adj.兴旺的;喧哗的";风哮雨嚎的adv.非常地v.怒吼，咆哮，大声喊出( roar的现在分词) 　　参考例句： 　　uf0b7juggernauts roaring through country villages 隆隆驶过村庄的重型卡车 　　uf0b7All we could hear was the sound of roaring water. 我们只能听到汹涌澎湃的涛声。 ;

你可以到http://www.answers.com/Argentina?cat=travel自己去看~~

句子可改写成：He(主语)pushed(谓语)thisdoor(宾语)open(形容词作宾语补足语)你以后遇见“动词+宾语+形容词”这种结构时，可把形容词看成宾补。希望有助于你！祝你进步！

有中文和英文对照，你可以照着中文适当改一下，应该没什么问题吧。呵呵中文：　　 保护雨林　　热带雨林生长在温暖，潮湿的地方----南美洲，美国，阿里卡，及东南亚地区。因为下雨了很多在那里，有了这么大的雨，在雨林的土壤是非常黑暗和丰富的植物生长。超过世界上的热带植物一半生长在热带雨林。成千上万的动物生活在其中了。　　热带雨林有丰富的食品，药品和其他有用的东西。可悲的是，雨林被诸如工厂排放的黑烟和来自农场的有害物形成的酸雨给破坏。许多雨林被烧毁或砍伐每年，用于建筑的工厂养殖。因为雨林的损失，引起温度变化，1000多种植物和动物灭绝。　　很多人都明白拯救雨林的重要性。许多国家正在雨林到国家公园。农民们正在学习如何种植作物没有伤害的热带雨林。它需要大量的人一起工作，使热带雨林和热带雨林野生动物可以被保存，是你的孩子看到和享受。　　也许你可以做一些事情来帮助保护雨林的地球。比如：　　告诉周围的环境和人们如何帮助保护雨林的重要性。　　在种植修复受损生态系统的毁林地区。　　为鼓励各地环境无害的生活方式的人。　　建立公园，以保护雨林和野生动物。　　支持的作品相对较小的公司对环境的破坏.　　不使用一次性筷子　　纸张双面打印　　不吃砍伐雨林种植大豆喂养的鸡作原料的汉堡　　不喝毁林种植的咖啡　　使用再生纸　　用毛巾和手帕替代纸巾　　发送电子贺卡代替代传统贺卡　　.......英文：Rainforest Rainforest grows in warm, moist places ---- South America, United States, Arica , and Southeast Asia. Because it rains a lot there , with so much rain , the soil in the rainforest is very dark and rich plant growth. More than half of the world"s tropical plants grow in tropical rainforests . Thousands of animals which live in it. Tropical rainforests are rich in food, medicine , and other useful things. Sadly, such as acid rain forest plant was smoke and harmful emissions from the farm to the formation damage. Many forests are burned or cut down each year for construction of factory farming . Because the loss of rainforest , causing temperature changes, more than 1000 kinds of plants and animals become extinct. Many people understand the importance of saving the rainforest . Many countries are rain forests and national parks . Farmers are learning how to grow crops do not harm the rainforest . It requires a lot of people working together to make the tropical rainforest and rainforest wildlife can be saved , your children see and enjoy. Maybe you can do something to help protect the Earth"s rainforests . For example: How to tell the surrounding environment and the importance of people to help protect the rainforest . Planting repair damaged ecosystems deforested areas . To encourage environmentally sound lifestyle around people . Established parks to protect rainforests and wildlife. Support works relatively small company damage to the environment . Do not use disposable chopsticks Duplex printing paper Rainforest deforestation eat soybeans as raw material fed chicken burger Do not drink coffee plantation deforestation Using recycled paper Replace paper towels with towels and handkerchiefs Send e-cards instead of the traditional greeting on behalf of .......

　　英语是国际经济、技术、信息等交流中应用最广泛的语言，下面就是我给大家整理的英文小 文章 ，希望大家喜欢。　　英文小文章：爱如鲜花盛开 　　I was nine when my father first sent me flowers. I had been taking tapdancing(踢踏舞) lessons for six months, and the school was giving its yearly recital. As an excited member of the beginners" chorus line, I was aware of my lowly status. 　　So it was a surprise to have my name called out at the end of the show along with the lead dancers and to find my arms full of long-stemmed red roses. I can still feel myself standing on that stage, blushing furiously and gazing over the footlights to see my father"s grin as he applauded loudly. 　　Those roses were the first in a series of large bouquets(花束，宴会) that accompanied all the milestones in my life. They brought a sense of embarrassment. I enjoyed them, but was flustered by the extravagance. 　　Not my father. He did everything in a big way. If you sent him to the bakery for a cake, he came back with three. Once, when Mother told him I needed a new party dress, he brought home a dozen. 　　His behavior often left us without funds for other more important things. After the dress incident, there was no money for the winter coat I really needed--or the new ice skates I wanted. 　　Sometimes I would be angry with him, but not for long. Inevitably he would buy me something to make up with me. The gift was so apparently an offering of love he could not verbalize that I would throw my arms around him and kiss him--an act that undoubtedly perpetuated(保持) his behavior. 　　Then came my 16th birthday. It was not a happy occasion. I was fat and had no boyfriend. And my well-meaning parents furthered my misery by giving me a party. As I entered the dining room, there on the table next to my cake was a huge bouquet of flowers, bigger than any before. 　　I wanted to hide. Now everyone would think my father had sent flowers because I had no boyfriend to do it. Sweet 16, and I felt like crying. I probably would have, but my best friend, Phyllis, whispered, "Boy, you"re lucky to have a father like that. 　　As the years passed, other occasions--birthdays, recitals(朗诵), awards, graduations--were marked with Dad"s flowers. My emotions continued to seesaw between pleasure and embarrassment. 　　When I graduated from college, though, my days of ambivalence(矛盾情绪) were over. I was embarking on a new career and was engaged to be married. Dad"s flowers symbolized his pride, and my triumph. They evoked only great pleasure. 　　Now there were bright-orange mums for Thanksgiving and a huge pink poinsettia at Christmas. White lilies at Easter, and velvety red roses for birthdays. Seasonal flowers in mixed bouquets celebrated the births of my children and the move to our first house. 　　As my fortunes grew, my father"s waned, but his gifts of flowers continued until he died of a heart attack a few months before his 70th birthday. Without embarrassment, I covered his coffin with the largest, reddest roses I could find. 　　Often in the dozen years since, I felt an urge to go out and buy a big bouquet to fill the living room, but I never did. Often in the dozen years since, I felt an urge to go out and buy a big bouquet to fill the living room, but I never did. I knew it would not be the same. 　　Then one birthday, the doorbell rang. I was feeling blue because I was alone. My husband was playing golf, and my two daughters were away. My 13-year-old son, Matt, had run out earlier with a "see you later," never mentioning my birthday. So I was surprised to see his large frame at the door. "Forgot my key," he said, shrugging. "Forgot your birthday too. Well, I hope you like flowers, Mum." He pulled a bunch of daisies from behind his back. 　　"Oh, Matt," I cried, hugging him hard. "I love flowers!" 　　英文小文章：适应力的 故事 　　Don"t worry if you have problems! 　　Which is easy to say until you are in the midst of a really big one, I know. 　　But the only people I am aware of who don"t have troubles are gathered in little neighborhoods. Most communities have at least one. We call them cemeteries(墓地). 　　If you"re breathing, you have difficulties. It"s the way of life. And believe it or not, most of your problems may actually be good for you! Let me explain. 　　Maybe you have seen the Great Barrier Reef, stretching some 1,800 miles from New Guinea to Australia. Tour guides regularly take visitors to view the reef. On one tour, the guide was asked an interesting question. "I notice that the lagoon(环礁湖) side of the reef looks pale and lifeless, while the ocean side is vibrant and colorful," a traveler observed. "Why is this?" 　　The guide gave an interesting answer: "The coral around the lagoon side is in still water, with no challenge for its survival. It dies early. The coral on the ocean side is constantly being tested by wind, waves, storms -- surges of power. It has to fight for survival every day of its life. As it is challenged and tested, it changes and adapts. It grows healthy. It grows strong. And it reproduces." Then he added this telling note: "That"s the way it is with every living organism." 　　That"s how it is with people. Challenged and tested, we come alive! Like coral pounded by the sea, we grow. Physical demands can cause us to grow stronger. Mental and emotional stress can produce tough-mindedness and resiliency. Spiritual testing can produce strength of character and faithfulness. So, you have problems -- no problem! Just tell yourself, "Here I grow again " 　　英文小文章：放弃是一种美丽 　　One of tests used by a company to enroll fresh blood helps you know whether you stand the trial from yourself. 　　In a stormy night, you drive your car through a stop where three people are waiting for a bus: a dying and poor old man, a doctor who is your benefactor(恩人) because he saved your life so that you are eager to render back, and a woman or a man who is your dreamgirl or your dreamboy and likely dissapears from your life once you miss the chance. Unfortunately, there is just room for one person in your car. Which one would you pick up? Then give your reasons. 　　Think it over before looking at the following text. 　　I have no idea whether it is a characteristic test, because every answer has its reason. The dying old man should be first helped,however, his final destination is death. It"s reasonable for you to pick up the doctor first--your benefactor and is a good chance to reciprocate(报答，互换) what he did for you. 　　Meanwhile, some people think it available to render the doctor back in someday in future. And if you miss the chance, you will never meet such an attractive person. 　　Only one of two hundred people was hired. He wrote his answer without providing his reason: "Give the key of my car to the doctor, and let him take the old man to the hospital. But I wait in the stop for the bus with my dreamboat(梦中人，爱人) together." 　　Every acquaintance of mine regarded it as the best answer but nobody (including me) realized it at first. 　　It is caused by our idea of not giving up the advantage (the car key) we have had? Sometimes, if we abandon some of our parochialism(狭隘), advantages, and intransigence(不妥协), we can get more.

ithastwobigblackears,italawayswearsthewhitegloves,theradshortsandthepairofyellowshoes.itisthecartoonfromthewaltdisney.peopleallroundtheworldalmostallknowit.andithinktheyallloveit.mickeymouse.他有两只黑色的大耳朵，它总是穿着一双白色的手套，一条红色的短裤和一双黄色的鞋子。它是来自于沃尔特·迪斯尼的一个动画人物。全世界的人几乎都认识它。并且我相信他们都很喜欢他。米老鼠

这帮孩子怎么不注意大小写和句子连接啊!一句解决的非说那么多.算了,玩一下 Clinton"s Desires One day, seeing a jar by chance,Clinton was taking a walk on the beach.He turned on the cork of bottle and found a devil. Clinton was very startled.he said: "I rescued you, so could I have three desires?" The devil shaked his head and said , "it"s not good, you know, now it is inflation, everything rises the price. Therefore I only could give you a desire now." Clinton had not hesitated, took out a map from his bosom and pointed it: "See! This is Middle East. I hope these countries can stop the war and achieve peace." The devil looked at the map,then called out: "Hey! You do not have a look, all of these countries have hit several millenniums weaponry. I although am very good, may not also have as well as that on. Is not good, I could not deal with the problem, thought something else." Clinton thought a minute: "You know that the people dislike my wife, they think she stupid and ugly. I hope she can become the most beautiful woman in the world , every people like her." The devil thought a moment and hesitates said: "Mmm,let me look at your map again." 水平有限,就改这里,这可比我的research paper好写多了

不清楚

THE COLOSSEUM The Colosseum is famous all over the world and, together with the She-wolf, is a symbol of Rome. Its name comes from the golden bronze colossus which Nero wanted to be built as his portrait: the real name of the monument is Flavius amphitheatre.It was built during the reign of Vespasiano and it was unveiled in 80 A.D. by Tito; the front is 50 mt [164 feet] high, the internal elliptical arena is 86x54 mt [282x177 feet]; the amphitheatre could lodge 50.000 spectators, it was covered with a huge curtain (velarium) to protect people from the sun.A lot of spectators watched fighting among gladiators (munera): those called Reziari used to fight with nets and tridents, Sanniti with a short sword, Traci with shield and gladius; moreover there were fights with wild beasts (venationes) and christian martyrs till Costantino made Christianity the empire"s official religion in 313 A.D.. Apparently the arena was even flooded to simulate sea-battles.The Colosseum has been restructured many times, because of fires, earthquakes and floods, up to Teodorico"s reign, in the VI century, when it was no longer used.In the late empire it was used for hunting, while in the Middle Ages it was transformed into one of Frangipane"s family fortresses, and was even used as a source for materials and irrimediably despoiled: a lot of quarries had been closed and to make up for the lack of marble in the Middle Ages they used to take it from ancient monuments; the holes wich can still be seen on the stonework come from the plundering of the iron hooks which linked the stone blocks.The Pope Benedetto XIV made the amphitheatre a holy place to commemorate christian martyrs who died here, and in 1700 the Colosseum was the site of the Via Crucis which still takes places there today.The first works of restoration took place in 1800, when the Colosseum was covered by vegetation and the Roman ruins" charm was an attraction to a lot of tourists who came to Italy for the "grand tour". Even the basement underneath the arena came to light: in this area, in the past, all the necessary services for the games were stored and it was even supplied with a goods-lift.

向国外好友介绍河南开封的英语作文开封古称汴梁，位于河南省东部，在中国版图上处于豫东大平原的中心位置。开封是我国八大古都之一，是中国优秀旅游城市、全国双拥模范城、全国创建文明城市工作先进城市，。演，讲电考木点西恩，也是河南省中原城市群和沿黄“三点一线”黄金旅游线路三大中心城市之一。开封已有两千七百多年的历史，是首批中国历史文化名城，中国八大古都之一，历史上的开封有着“琪树明霞五凤楼，夷门自古帝王州”、“汴京富丽天下无”的美誉，北宋东京开封更是当时世界第一大城市。Kaifeng called Bianliang, located in the east of Henan Province, in the center of Yudong plain in China territory. Kaifeng is one of the eight ancient capitals in China, China Excellent Tourism City, national double support model city, the creation，yanjiang，com，cn， of the national urban civilization advanced city and Henan Zhongyuan urban agglomeration and along the Yellow River "3.1" golden tourist line three center cities. Kaifeng has 2700 years of history, is the first batch of historical and cultural city in China, one of the eight ancient capitals of China, history of Kaifeng has a "Qi tree Mingxia Wufeng Lou, Yi door ancient emperors", "no Bianjing wealthy world" reputation, Northern Song Dynasty Dongjing Kaifeng is at that time, the world"s first big cities.谁能用英语介绍一下古城开封，谢谢，答的好Kaifeng, referred to as "Bian", was called Bianzhou, Bianliang and Bianjing in ancient times.开封，简称“汴”，古称汴州、汴梁、汴京。It is a prefecture-level city in Henan Province and one of the central cities in the core area of China"s Central Plains Urban Agglomeration approved by the State Council.是河南省地级市，国务院批复确定的中国中原城市群核心区的中心城市之一。Kaifeng is located in central China, the east of Henan Province, the hinterland of the Central Plains, the shore of the Yellow River, and adjacent to Zhengzhou in the west.开封地处中国华中地区、河南东部、中原腹地、黄河之滨，西与郑州毗邻。It is one of the first national historical and cultural cities with a history of more than 4,100 years.是首批国家历史文化名城，迄今已有4100余年的建城史和建都史。There was the Xia Dynasty and the Warring States Period of Wei.先后有夏朝，战国时期的魏国。During the Five Dynasties, the Later Liang, Later Jin, Later Han, Later Zhou, Song and Jin established their capitals here, which is known as the ancient capital of the Eight Dynasties.五代时期的后梁、后晋、后汉、后周，宋朝，金朝等在此定都，素有八朝古都之称。Kaifeng is the only capital city in the world whose central axis has never changed. The ruins of the city are rare in the world archaeological history and capital history.开封是世界上唯一一座城市中轴线从未变动的都城，城摞城遗址在世界考古史和都城史上少有。Tokyo, the capital of the Song Dynasty, was the largest city in the world at that time.宋朝都城东京城是当时世界第一大城市，是清明上河图的创作地。Henan Opera, the largest local opera in China, originated here. There are 8 national 5A and 4A level tourist attractions and 19 national key cultural relic protection units.中国第一大地方剧种豫剧发源于此，拥有国家5A、4A级旅游景区8家，全国重点文物保护单位19处。开封地形地貌开封地处中原腹地，地势平坦、土壤肥沃，多为粘土、壤土和沙土，适宜各类农作物种植。开封境域内，因黄河泥沙淤积使黄河河床不断抬高，形成了河高于城的“地上悬河”。开封地下则因历次黄河水患使开封数座古都城、府州城池深深埋于地面之下3米至12米处，上下叠压着6座城池，其中包括3座都城、2座省城及1座州城，构成了罕见的景观。以上内容参考_俣劝倏-开封介绍开封的英语作文Kaifengancient name ofTokyo,alsoBianliangthe, Bianjingknown,referred to as "Bian".KaifengineasternHenan Province,central locationin atheYudonglargeplainontheterritory of China.Kaifengisoneoftheseven ancient capitalsinChina,China"sExcellent Tourism City,thenationalsupport model city,National CivilizedAdvanced CityofHenan Zhongyuanurban agglomerations andalong the Yellow River"three-point line"golden touristlinethreecentral citiesone.A long history,rich cultural heritage,KaifengKaifengenjoysevencity,cultural city,the Song dynastyancient capital, chrysanthemumcityfamous.Scenic spots and historical sitesthroughout thecity and county,vaguelyto be foundinancient style,featuresa richfolk culture,thesplendours ofQiu Ju,showsthe charm andcharmoftheancient capital.Kaifenghasmany tourist attractionsto create andto breaktheworld recordofthenumberofChineseAssociation of World Records,Chineserecorda number ofworld,mostChinese.CenturieseliteHenanUniversity is located inKaifeng City.

Diesel vehicles Diesel vehicles may be making a comeback. Diesel engines are more powerful and fuel-efficient than similar-sized gasoline engines (about 30-35% more fuel efficient). Plus, today"s diesel vehicles are much improved over diesels of the past. Better Performance Improved fuel injection and electronic engine control technologies have Increased power Improved acceleration Increased efficiency New engine designs, along with noise- and vibration-damping technologies, have made them quieter and smoother. Cold-weather starting has been improved also. Cleaner Today"s diesels must meet the same emissions standards as gasoline vehicles, and advances in engine technologies, ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel, and improved exhaust treatment have made this possible. Although emissions of particulates and smog-forming nitrogen oxides (NOx) are still relatively high, new "clean" diesel fuels, such as ultra-low sulfur diesel and biodiesel, and advances in emission control technologies will reduce these pollutants also. Hybrid-electric vehicles; Hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) combine the benefits of gasoline engines and electric motors and can be configured to obtain different objectives, such as improved fuel economy, increased power, or additional auxiliary power for electronic devices and power tools. Some of the advanced technologies typically used by hybrids include Regenerative Braking. The electric motor applies resistance to the drivetrain causing the wheels to slow down. In return, the energy from the wheels turns the motor, which functions as a generator, converting energy normally wasted during coasting and braking into electricity, which is stored in a battery until needed by the electric motor. Electric Motor Drive/Assist. The electric motor provides additional power to assist the engine in accelerating, passing, or hill climbing. This allows a smaller, more efficient engine to be used. In some vehicles, the motor alone provides power for low-speed driving conditions where internal combustion engines are least efficient. Automatic Start/Shutoff. Automatically shuts off the engine when the vehicle comes to a stop and restarts it when the accelerator is pressed. This prevents wasted energy from idling. Flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) Flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) are designed to run on gasoline or a blend of up to 85% ethanol (E85). Except for a few engine and fuel system modifications, they are identical to gasoline-only models. FFVs have been produced since the 1980s, and dozens of models are currently available. Since FFVs look just like gasoline-only models, you may have an FFV and not even know it. To determine if your vehicle is an FFV, check the inside of your car"s fuel filler door for an identification sticker or consult your owner"s manual. FFVs experience no loss in performance when operating on E85. However, since a gallon of ethanol contains less energy than a gallon of gasoline, FFVs typically get about 20-30% fewer miles per gallon when fueled with E85. Electric vehicles (EVs) Electric vehicles (EVs) are propelled by an electric motor (or motors) powered by rechargeable battery packs. Electric motors have several advantages over internal combustion engines (ICEs): Energy efficient. Electric motors convert 75% of the chemical energy from the batteries to power the wheels—internal combustion engines (ICEs) only convert 20% of the energy stored in gasoline. Environmentally friendly. EVs emit no tailpipe pollutants, although the power plant producing the electricity may emit them. Electricity from nuclear-, hydro-, solar-, or wind-powered plants causes no air pollutants. Reduce energy dependence. Electricity is a domestic energy source. Performance benefits. Electric motors provide quiet, smooth operation and stronger acceleration and require less maintenance than ICEs. The Down Side: Batteries EVs face significant battery-related challenges: Driving range. Most EVs can only go 150 miles (or less) before recharging—gasoline vehicles can go over 300 miles before refueling. Recharge time. Fully recharging the battery pack can take 4 to 8 hours. Battery cost: The large battery packs are expensive and usually must be replaced one or more times. Bulk & weight: Battery packs are heavy and take up considerable vehicle space. Researchers are working on improved battery technologies to increase driving range and decrease recharging time, replacement frequency, weight, and cost. These factors will ultimately determine the future of EVs. 翻译没找到~~~~~~

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收录。1、Paperyy和中国知网所采用的数据库是不同的，中国知网的数据库相对来说比较规范，只包括所有硕士研究生和博士研究生的论文，不会出现重复收录的现象，而Paperyy等数据库的内容来源比较复杂，有很多内容是重复的，因此会发生重复统计。2、paperyy它的数据库包含的东西太多了，博士，硕士，知网，万方数据库，这个都比较正常，关键是它还包含网页数据，比如一些垃圾网站，一些不具有科学性网站上内容，你在查重的时候凡是与这些网站上内容重合都算在重复率里面。

请问是哪方面的案例啊 详细点

起源必胜客 比萨是一个现代最喜爱的世界各地的游客。但谁开的第一个比萨饼店？怎么命名为“必胜客”应运而生？ 第一次出现比萨饼店在美国20世纪30年代。到1957年11月，在星期六晚邮报报道说，比萨是热潮席卷全国18000比萨饼店每销售200至1000个比萨饼每个星期。 在威奇托，兄弟弗兰克和丹卡尼开设了第一必胜客餐厅6月15日， 1958年。他们已接触的所有人一个小型建设谁需要一个好邻居的业务，并阅读了邮政的文章，比萨饼。 Carneys借来的600元由他们的母亲，位于约翰班德，一个飞行员从麦康奈尔空军基地，谁曾作为一个披萨厨师，买了一些二手设备，准备用于商业用途。第一个晚上，他们送给比萨的潜在客户。 许多人问如何必胜客得名。当Carneys设立了第一家餐厅认为，建设有签署的余地只有九个字母。他们想利用“比萨”的名义，留下余地一个字只有三个字母。亲戚们说必胜客像一间小屋，pizza hut就这样诞生了。 希望我的回答对你有帮助~！

很想帮你，可是我英文是垃圾！不过你10分就想叫人帮你写，不大可能

由于马丁埃斯林指出，要从语言中，对意义或对通信的概念性的直接经验与关切的依赖属于一个在西方涉及手势和嘉年华文学史上有着悠久的传统。这个传统的重点是个人的基本情况，而不是对他或她的社会身份的思想化妆。正如描述成易卜生和斯特林堡小说和戏剧的詹姆斯乔伊斯，探讨了这一传统的思想及其与现象世界直接接触的现实之前，任何特定叙事的解释策略。在其他词，它涉及的是什么样的问题应该是我们的基本经验，存在的意识。 Esslin似乎没有被提及的认识对象，或故意头脑，但意识本身。每个玩表明这个基本的现象，处理，因为Esslin所说的那样，问题，“这怎么个人的感觉时，面对人的状况？” 如果我们假设显着的意识是在这个条件的基础上，那么如何使我们的戏剧体验呢？大卫查默斯在意识心灵，解释说： 我们可以说，目前是有意识的，如果有东西就好像是说是，用一个短语，托马斯内格尔闻名。同样，精神状态是有意识的，如果是的话，一定是这样的话，精神状态。为了换句话说，我们可以说，精神状态是有意识的，如果它有一个质的感觉 - 一个经验，相关的质素...简称，经验问题，这些显着的特质，只是解释意识的问题感受性。 在其是什么喜欢被人代表，话剧超越感受性和方法，对人类的现实基础，随着经验的意识等。在这一段韶不会使铭记之间的区别 - 它故意的内容。东方哲学强调这种区别，以及这之间的意识状态，如“纯粹意识事件”（四氯乙烯）。在这一传统，艺术和文学，据说有暗示性的权力转移的感受性，或内容的认识，心灵的对非国有的概念性 - 一个有力的证明了当代戏剧的转变。经验感受性是介导的语言和历史因素，但是，在出寻常的或神秘的国家是无法调解，他们的意向性对象缺乏。贝克特对等待戈多和残局等待，我将证明，完善的感受性调解，以抽象的认识上，如果不是完全超越了调解，在个人消费支出，还是非国有的分离青草点。有味道的非-独立性，不同的历史残留在一视同仁的方式，故意的认识，在它的纯粹从一个“乏味的味道由”

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之前在一篇文章里说要写一篇英文原著的入门参考，这篇算是吧。我的想法是，先把20本相对比较简单的英文原著按阅读难易程度排列出来，从易到难。 选书这个步骤我觉得是非常重要的，比阅读方法、查词复习都要重要多了，我们选的英文原著的难易程度直接决定了我们能否读得下去。 我见过太多刚开始读原著的人去读《The Great Gatsby》，但没读几页就被满页的变态生词和长难句给吓退了，从此再也不碰英文原著，实在是可惜啊。 所以，我来按照难易程度把20本原著列出来，作为参考（部分原著在这篇文中已经推荐过了）， 文末简单写一下阅读方法和建议。 01 Who Moved My Cheese? 《谁动了我的奶酪？》 这本书相信大家都听过吧，一本很短的心灵鸡汤，以寓言的形式讲了一个简单的道理。英文原版非常简单，而且篇幅也很短。 有四级基础的话一两个小时就可以看完了，实在是一本入门英文原著的绝佳之选。 02 The Little Prince 《小王子》 火遍全球的《小王子》，但严格意义上来讲，它并不能被称为英文原著，因为原书是用法语写成的。但次书的英文版的确很适合入门，语言简单，而且篇幅很短，一天差不多就可以看完了。相信很多朋友应该是看过中文版的，沙漠、狐狸、玫瑰、蛇、各种奇奇怪怪的星球，这些唯美的元素共同构成了一个忧伤的成人童话，一本不可多得的好书。 03 Charlotte"s Web 《夏洛的网》 这本书之前也推荐过了，读起来给人一种很舒服的感觉，而且因为是童话的缘故，所以语言也比较简单。我个人非常喜欢这本书里营造出的“美国乡村田园风”的意境，下雨天里安静的牧场、酣睡的各种动物、从水面中跃出的小鱼，很美。 04 《纳尼亚传奇系列》 这一系列也推荐过了，是英国作家Cu2022Su2022刘易斯创作的一系列奇幻小说。因为是儿童文学的缘故，篇幅短、情节和语言较为简单，所以非常适合作为英文原著入门之选。一共有七本，我只看了前四本。我个人觉得这套书的情节相对来说是有些低幼了，看多了也会腻，所以看个一两本感受一下难度就很好了。 05 Charlie and the Chocolate Factory 《查理和巧克力工厂》 这本书是英国的儿童文学作家Roald Dahl写的，情节有趣、语言幽默、想象力天马行空，小时候你也幻想过自己能有一座用巧克力做成的房子吧？来看这本书吧，满足你的幻想。总之，这本书读起来给人的感觉很舒服很流畅，我当时是一口气用半天时间读完的。 除了这本之外，Roald Dahl的其他作品也非常值得推荐，可以搜来看看。 06 The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane 《爱德华的奇妙之旅》 强推！强推！！强推！！！ 这本书，真的太好看了好吗！！！ 看过韩剧《来自星星的你》的朋友应该会觉得这本书挺眼熟的，是的，这本书就是剧中男主都教授的枕边书。其实我是先看的书，喜欢得不得了，然后听说这也是某部韩剧男主的枕边书，于是我想，这男主的品味这么高（变相地夸自己2333）？那我姑且就看看这部韩剧咯。 之前我一直觉得韩剧都是拍给女生看的，所以没怎么看过韩剧。但这部剧真的让我中毒了。它的精神内核简直和《爱德华》这本书完美契合，不得不说编剧的功力真的太强了。所以我强烈建议各位看过这部韩剧的、或者没看过的，都去找来这本书看看。07 Daughter of Deceit 《欺骗的女儿》 这是我读的第一本英文原著，不过现在看来，它可能并不是最适合入门的。 因为篇幅较长，情节拖拉，容易消磨人的耐心，不适合刚开始接触原著的人。而且剧情真的蛮狗血的，男女主相爱了，然后发现两人居然是亲兄妹！然后，又发现搞错了，并不是亲兄妹！男女主终于觉得能和对方在一起了，结果又插进来一个第三者，后来第三者被男主妈妈neng死了。怪不得作者被称为英国的琼瑶啊。 08 Bridge to Terabithia 《仙境之桥》 这本也推荐过了，就不多说了。同名翻拍电影也很好看，推荐搜来看看。 09 Flipped 《怦然心动》 这本也强推！！！ 这本书也是我非常喜欢的一本，还专门给它写了一篇推荐文章 。 分别以男主和女主的口吻娓娓道来青春期里特有的烦恼和心动，成长的过程中一直有摩擦和误解，但是最终还是放下了偏见、互相地去理解对方。以一个有趣的初恋故事传达出成长的道理。读完后自己也有怦然心动的感觉，不知道在此之前有多久没有读到这样一本让人看完后很愉悦的书了。 10 The Happy Prince and Other Stories 《快乐王子童话集》 王尔德的童话。 其实这本书的整体难度不大，更适合放在一星难度里，但是因为王尔德他老人家啊，描写风景时总是喜欢写各种奇花异果，用一些非常生僻的词汇。 这些词汇不查的话其实也不影响大致情节，但是读王尔德的童话就是要感受他笔下的唯美嘛，单单粗略了解大致情节而不去感受字里行间的唯美，其实是有些暴殄天物了。所以思虑再三，把这本书放到了二星难度行列。 11 What I Talk About When I Talk About Running 《当我谈跑步时，我谈些什么》 这本书我也非常喜欢， 村上春树的一本关于跑步、写作、人生的随笔集， 也不能算是英文“原著”，因为原书是用日语写成的。虽然是翻译版，但读起来真的是出奇的流畅简洁，文风淡如水，毫无违和感。作者用诙谐清淡的笔调，言语间便将自己的人生哲理传递给读者，读完就像喝了一瓶冰啤酒一般，舒舒服服，清清爽爽。 我虽然不是村上春树的粉丝，但我真的无比佩服他这个人。坚持长跑、写作二十余年不间断，毅力惊人，自律、专注、严格、节制，这些优点他全占了。读来也真是惭愧，反观自己，作息不规律，自制力也不强，的确要像他学习啊。 全书最喜欢也最经典的一句话：“Pain is inevitable. Suffering is optional.” 这句话使得英文之美一展无疑，简洁，对称，隽永。 而且意境深远，即使跑了二十多年的马拉松，在每一次的后程身体还是会感到痛苦无比，虽然pain是inevitable的，但Suffering却是可以主观避免的。 12-14 A Walk to Remember 《初恋的回忆》 The Notebook 《恋恋笔记本》 Dear John 《分手信》 这三本都是Nicholas Sparks写的，所以放在一起来介绍。 这个作家在美国被称为“纯爱小说天王”，他的书都是一些很纯的爱情故事，非常细腻。这种书呢，喜欢的人会很喜欢，不喜欢的人就读不下去。 《恋恋笔记本》知道的人应该比较多，因为同名翻拍电影名气很大，经常被列为最催泪电影之一。《分手信》这本呢，我是在高考后的暑假，在北京的一家网吧里通宵读完中文版的，到了大学后又找来了英文版看了看，期间经历了一些事情，第二次看时也多了一些新的感悟，还不错的一本书。这三本都被翻拍成了电影，感兴趣的话可以找来看看。 Nicholas Sparks的作品还是很多的，喜欢的话可以都找来读完，阅读能力和词汇量一定能够上一个台阶。 15 Rage of Angels （没有中文名） 这本书是Sheldon, Sidney写的，号称美国金庸，擅长写悬疑推理题材。 小说的文笔浅显易懂，长难句不多，偏爱用小词和小词组成的地道短语。作品也挺多的，喜欢这种风格的话可以把他的书全读了，阅读能力也可以上一个台阶。 16 Animal Farm 《动物农场》 这本书也介绍过了，乔治奥威尔的名作。如此大名鼎鼎的一本书，应该没几个人没看过吧，就不多说了。17 Seven Brief Lessons on Physics 《七堂极简物理课》 这本书我个人也很喜欢。这是一本物理学科普小说，全书很短，大概只有90多页。作者仅用这么短的篇幅便将量子力学、相对论、粒子物理学、热动力学以及其他领域的科学精粹，浓缩到七堂课中，阐释了几个世纪以来人类对于物理学的认知。 更难能可贵的是，虽然是物理学科普，但作者却将其写得像诗歌一般美，用文学作品一样笔触带着我们置身于宇宙的浩淼浪漫之中。 也不奇怪，我们的世界，这个宇宙，本来就是最美的东西，当以最美的语言写出来。 18-20 何伟三部曲 Oracle Bones《甲骨文》 River Town《江城》 Country Driving《寻路中国》 彼得u2022海斯勒(Peter Hessler)，中文名何伟，曾任《纽约客》驻北京记者。 这三本书记录的是是他在上世纪末旅居中国时的一些见闻和感想，我个人真的太喜欢这三本书了。 说起来呢，作为在上世纪西方对中国的偏见之下成长起来的美国人，真的很难不带有色眼镜地去看待中国，但何伟做到了。看他的书中你能感到，何伟整体上融入了当地的生活，但某种程度上又置身其外，以一种冷静的笔调和态度去观察和记录中国。不过这种观察却并不带盲目的偏见，而是有温度的、有人文关怀的。读他笔下的文字，你真的很难做到不喜欢他。 特别是在读《江城》的时候，因为我在成都上学，所以何伟笔下对上世纪重庆的描写简直让我读着感同身受。一方面，很多东西变化微乎其微，好像那些文字并不是二三十年前写成的，而是几天之前写成的。另一方面，川渝这二三十年来变化发展日新月异，我想假如何伟有朝一日再次来到这里，也会有诸多感慨吧。 读一读何伟吧，换一个视角来看看我们的祖国。 以上，一共介绍了20本，这20本都是我已经读过了的，推荐给大家，入门的话足够了。 大家也不要局限于我这篇文章，活用互联网，豆瓣、知乎上也有很多非常好的英文原著推荐书单。我以后可能也会定期推荐一些，所以这篇文章，未完待续。 好吧，其实也没有什么复杂的方法啦。 就像文章开头说的，首先一定要选与自己水平相当或高一点的书，然后慢慢进阶，过渡到难度较大的书。 当然，即使选好了书，生词还是会有的。有一种说法是“ 透析法 ”，什么是透析法呢？是指一部分单词透过不查，一部分单词查词析出，这个度最好控制在每页或每两页查一个生词。切忌遇到每个生词都查，这样既效率低下，又打击积极性。 但我个人倒觉得不必拘泥，假如有些词你觉得不查也无所谓，那就不查。或者有几页你觉得那些生词很重要，那多查几个也无妨。 重要的是，一定不要让“查词”过度影响你的阅读体验就是。 至于查出的词，一定要复习！ 我建议放到app里，强推欧路词典，然后自己制定复习计划，你觉得怎么适合就怎么来，这个就不多讲了。 用什么工具阅读比较好呢？当然首推我们可爱的kindle了！ Kindle比较好的一点就是可以看到生词 即点即查 ，而且你查过的生词它会自动帮你收集到自带的生词本里，简直方便到哭啊有没有！但是！这还不是最方便的， 有一个电脑端软件叫kindle mate，这款软件到底有多强大？它可以将你在kindle查过的生词批量导出，这样你就可以直接将生词再导入欧路词典里了，简直太感人了。 当然，如果没有kindle的话，用手机也是可以的。但kindle更加有纸质书的质感啦。 这样读个几十本原著，阅读能力和词汇量一定能够有很大的进步，与诸君共勉。 以上，感谢阅读。

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文章在哪里？给个链接吧。题目是你几乎能达到所有目标

http://www.mount-tai.com.cn/里面有英文版的，可以自己选择。

The Canadian area is 9,900,000 square kilometers and only next to Russia is the second country in the world.Canadian population 3000 have another ten thousand, among them, 58% populations be all concentrated to live in so-called Tahu delta and Quebec city a take.The race constitute with English descendant and method descendant is lord, the English descendant has 40% and the method descendant residents have 27%.Other race communities have a virtuous descendant, idea descendant, black orchid gram descendant, Holland descent, Poland descendant, Chinese descent, Chinese descent"s population has currently 5% of total population in Canada.The Canada the earliest residents are Indians, because of Niu especially person and beautiful Di person, they about share at present 2% of Canadian population.The person who believes in Catholic in Rome has 46.5%, the Christ Protestantism has 41.2%, the east archimandrite has 1.5%, the Judaism is 1.2%, the Islamism is 0.4%, other 1.8%s.Canada is a bilingual nation, the official language is English and French, but the mother tongue of a lot of Canadians isn"t English or French, but Italian, Chinese language, German, Portuguese language, Poland language, Ukraine language, Holland language, language etc. in the Greece.Capital city Ottawa in Canada, whole country politics, economy, culture and transportation center, Be located on Canada of the southeast.Three big city Cities, Canada is Torondo respectively, Montreal, with Vancouver按你的原文翻译

LanguageThe English language is the de facto official language of the United Kingdom, and is spoken monolingually by an estimated 95% of the British population.However, individual countries within the UK have frameworks for the promotion of their indigenous languages. In Wales, all pupils at state schools must study Welsh until aged 16, and the Welsh Language Act 1993 and the Government of Wales Act 1998 provide that the Welsh and English languages should be treated equally in the public sector, so far as is reasonable and practicable. Irish and Ulster Scots enjoy limited use alongside English in Northern Ireland, mainly in publicly commissioned translations. The Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act, passed by the Scottish Parliament in 2005, recognised Gaelic as an official language of Scotland, commanding equal respect with English, and required the creation of a national plan for Gaelic to provide strategic direction for the development of the Gaelic language.The culture of the United Kingdom refers to the patterns of human activity and symbolism associated with the United Kingdom and the British people. It is informed by the UK"s history as a developed island country, being a major power, and, its composition of four countries—England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales—each of which have preserved and distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.LiteratureAt its formation, the United Kingdom immediately inherited the literary traditions of England and Scotland, including the earliest existing native literature written in the Celtic languages, Anglo-Saxon literature and more recent English literature including the works of Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare and John Milton. The first recorded association of Valentine"s Day with romantic love is in Chaucer"s Parlement of Foules 1382. Sending Valentine"s Day cards became hugely popular in Britain in the late 18th century, a practice that has since spread to other nations. Today in the UK just under half the population spend money on their Valentines.就这个

意大利语除了通行于意大利之外，还是瑞士四种官方语言之一，它还广泛通行于美国、加拿大、阿根廷和巴西。意大利语还同英语一样，是非洲国家索马里的通用语言。世界上说意大利语的人数总共约七千万人。意大利语和法语一样，都是印欧语系的罗曼语族。意大利语有如下几个特点。短元音丰富而简单。说它丰富，是因为几乎每个辅音都配着元音，不存在单独的元音音素。说它简单，是因为没有像英语、法语那样的元音组合。一个元音对应一个发音。而且绝大多数的单字都是以元音结尾，难怪有人猜测意大利语的诞生来自歌剧发音的需要。除了哑音h，没有不发音的字母。少数辅音有组合，但比较简单。不知道一个词的意思，按照自然发音的读法就大致上把这个词念出来。意大利语和英语、法语一样，属于屈折语，有词形变化，一个字在句子里面往往写法会改变。意大利语比任何其它罗曼语都更接近于原来的拉丁语。意大利语是一门形态变化丰富的语言，九大词类中有六大类词有形态变化。句子中，人称、词性、时态都要保持一致。意大利语语法很复杂，不掌握一定的语法知识，就很难进行语言实践。但是只要打好基础，学好动词变位，那么就可以无师自通。意大利语共有7个式，每个式都有很多种时态，加起来共有22个时态，大多数时态又有6个人称，这是外国人学意大利语的主要难点，所以学好动词是掌握意大利语语法的关键。动词是一句话的核心，在意大利语中，动词显得更为重要。意大利语的名词分阴阳两性，阴性主要词尾收a，定冠词用的是la或l"，不定冠词用的则是una或un"，阳性主要词尾收o，定冠词用的是il、lo或l"，不定冠词用的是un或uno（也有少数特殊情况）。有单复数的变化，冠词以及修饰名词的形容词要与名词保持性数的一致，因此意大利语的句子是牵一发而动全身，一处变处处变。当然，如果要学美声唱法，首先要学好意大利语的发音。意大利语有26个字母，其中有5个用于外来语，叫做外来语字母。每个字母的发音如下：A a 嘴唇自然张开，舌平伸，双唇呈椭圆形，舌尖抵下齿龈，双唇略后缩。B b 双唇紧闭，气流冲开阻碍，爆破而出。但b为浊辅音，声带振动。C c 把舌根抬到后颚并抵住它，形成阻塞，然后气流冲开阻碍，爆破而出。声带不振动。D d 舌尖紧抵上齿背，形成阻塞，然后突然下降，气流冲出口腔，声带振动。E e 双唇略向两旁咧开，口腔张开度略小于a，舌尖碰触下齿，舌面向上颚稍抬起。F f 上齿和下唇轻微接触，上齿露出，唇角向两旁咧开，气流从唇齿之间的缝隙通过，声带不振动。G g 把舌根抬到后颚并抵住它，形成阻塞，然后气流冲开阻碍，爆破而出。声带振动。H h 意大利语中h在任何位置都是不发音的。I i 舌前部用力向硬腭抬起，舌尖抵下齿，双唇向两边拉，嘴成扁平形。J j 舌尖抵住上齿龈，形成阻碍，双唇略向前伸，气流冲破阻塞后，舌与齿龈之间仍然保持一个狭缝，发出摩擦音，声带振动。K k 把舌根抬到后颚并抵住它，形成阻塞，然后气流冲开阻碍，爆破而出。声带不振动。L l 舌尖接触上齿龈，舌面下降，气流从舌的两侧泄出，声带振动。M m 双唇紧闭，形成阻碍，然后轻轻张开双唇，气流从鼻腔泄出，声带振动。N n 双唇自然张开，舌尖抵上齿龈，软腭下除，压住舌部，不留缝隙。气流从鼻腔出来，声带振动。O o 双唇收圆，略往前伸，舌前往下压，舌后部略抬高。P p 双唇闭拢，形成气流阻塞，然后口腔突然张开，气流冲出，声带不振动。Q q 辅音q的发音方法和c完全相同。它总是和元音字母u连写，不能单独构成发音单位。Qu的发音与cu完全相同，但后面必须再跟其他元音。字母q不能重叠，但它与c结合组成双辅音。R r 舌尖上卷，与上齿龈接触，气流不断冲击舌尖使它颤动，声带振动，r在词尾时，只用颤动一下。S s 舌尖略为抬起，或抵住下齿，上下牙床靠拢，舌前部和硬腭之间形成窄缝，让气流通过。T t 舌尖紧抵上齿背，形成阻塞，然后突然下降，气流冲出口腔，声带不振动。U u 双唇紧缩，用力突出呈圆形，舌使劲后缩，舌后部隆起。V v 上齿和下唇轻微接触，上齿露出，唇角向两旁咧开，气流从唇齿之间的缝隙通过，声带振动。W w 舌后部向软腭抬起，双唇收得很圆很小，并向前突出，声带振动。X x 相当于cs。Y y 舌前部向硬腭尽量抬起，双唇向两边伸展呈扁平形，声带振动。Z z 先把舌尖放在上下齿之间，贴近上齿抵住齿龈形成阻塞，然后舌头猛然下降，气流从舌尖和上齿之间的缝隙泄出。此外，意大利语还有一些辅音字母组合。sc 在元音e和i的前面时，双唇向前伸，呈圆形，舌前部抬起，与硬腭接触，形成缝隙，气流从口腔缝隙冲出，发出擦音，声带不振动。gn 舌尖抵下颚，舌面尽量向上抬，贴住硬腭，形成阻塞，气流绝大部分从鼻腔流出，声带振动。gl 舌尖抵下齿龈，舌面向上抬，抵住硬腭，气流通过舌身两侧与上臼齿之间形成的缝隙泄出，声带振动。在元音a，e，o，u前面，gl要写成gli才发此音。只要你用心学，一定能学好意大利语这门语言，希望我能帮助到你。

Wuhan, composed of the three towns of Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang, is the capital of Hubei Province. The three towns, separated by the Yangtze and Hanshui rivers,a re linked by bridges, and because these municipalities are so closely connected by waterways, Wuhan is also called the "city on rivers." Being the largest inland port on the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and a major stop on the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, Wuhan is one of China‘s most important hubs of water and rail transportation and communications. Wuhan has an old history and rich cultural traditions. It began to prosper as a commercial town about two thousand years ago, when it was called Yingwuzhou (Parrot beach). From the first century to the beginning of the third century, the towns of Hanyang and Wuchang began to take shape. During the Song Dynasty (960-1279), the area became one of the most prosperous commercial centers along the Yangtze River. By the end of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), Hankou had become one of the four most famous cities in China. Today, Wuhan is the political, economic, and cultural center of Central China. It boasts of one of China‘s leading iron and steel complexes -- the Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation. Wuhan is also a city with a strong revolutionary tradition. East Lake This charming spot is in the Wuchang district of the city. It has a vast expanse of water (thirty- three square kilometers), with winding banks and willow trees. The surrounding area is divided naturally into several scenic areas among which Millstone Hill (Moshan) is the most attractive with flowers blooming all the year round-orchids in spring, lotus in summer, osmanthus in autumn, and plum blossoms in winter. The many beautiful buildings at the edge of the lake include Land of Water and Cloud (Shuiyunxiang) which serves as a teahouse, Listening to the Waves Tower (Tingtaoxuan), where the visitor can get a panoramic view of the lake, Poetry-Reciting Pavilion (Xingyinge), Lakeside Art Gallery (Binhuhualang), the Memorial Hall of Qu Yuan (340-278 B.C.), infinite Sky Tower (Changtianlou) which can accommodate a thousand visitors for tea, and Lu Xun Square. The park is dotted with lotus and fish ponds, as well as fruit trees (pear and orange) and luxuriant bamboo groves. The nineteen- meter-high Lake View Pavilion (Huguangge) stands on an island in the lake and is a fine vantage point from where to view the entire area. Gulls and swan geese which gather at East Lak ein winter are another attraction to visitors here. Guiyuan Temple This four-hundred-year-old Buddhist temple stands in a wooded area of the Hanyang district. The picturesque compound of the temple includes a huge hall that houses five hundred skillfully scrlptured arhat statues, each different from the other in bodily posture and facial expression -- sitting, sleeping, laughing, angry. The temple also boasts of a rich collection of stone carvings, paintings, and Buddhist scriptures. Tortoise Hill (Guishan) Guishan, which looks like a huge tortoise, is in the north of Hanyang across the Yangtze River from Snake Hill. With the Hanshui River also flowing by in the north, the hill was a strategic point in ancient wars. It is said that when King Yu in primitive age came here to tame the river, he was confronted by a water demon whom he fought for several years without success. Finally, a tortoise from Heaven arrived and defeated the demon, which turned into Snake Hill are many temples, pavilions, and terraces built over the dynasties, including King Yu‘s Rock by the side of the river, King Yu‘s Temple, the carvings on cliffs, and the Ancient Music Terrace (Guqintai). Snake Hill (Sheshan) Sheshan has the shape of an immense snake with its head drinking from the Yangtze River and its tail cutting into the eastern part of the city. This hill used to be an important military fortress together with Tortoise Hill on the opposite bank of the Yangtze River. The best-known site on the hill is perhaps the Yellow Crane Tower (Huanghelou), which is associated with an old legend about a Taoist priest flying to Heaven on the back of a yellow crane. Remaining historical buildings include the Shenxiang Pagoda, Yue Fei Memorial Pavilion, Baobing Hall, the Taoist Evergreen Temple, and Yongyue Terrace, and there are many important stone carvings as well. Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge Completed in 1957, this engineering marvel is 1,670 meters long and has one level for automobiles and another for trains. The construction of this bridge provided direct rail service between north and south China for the first time.

我自己翻译的 可以去我blog看看http://hi.baidu.com/xfsuper/blog/item/0716c43959b10ef43b87ce1a.html化学元素Chamical Elements 化学元素 The alkali metals, found in group 1 of the periodic table (formerly known as group IA), are very reactive metals that do not occur freely in nature. These metals have only one electron in their outer shell. Therefore, they are ready to lose that one electron in ionic bonding with other elements. As with all metals, the alkali metals are malleable, ductile, and are good conductors of heat and electricity. The alkali metals are softer than most other metals. Cesium and francium are the most reactive elements in this group. Alkali metals can explode if they are exposed to water. 碱金属被发现在元素周期表的ⅠA族，是非常活泼的金属而不在直接自然界中出现。这些金属的原子最外电子层只有1个电子。因此非常容易失去电子而与其他元素构成的离子化合物。像所有金属一样，他们具有很好的延展性并且是电和热的良导体。他们比大多数金属柔软。Cs和Fr是他们中最活泼的。碱金属接触水会爆炸。 The Alkali Metals are: Lithium Sodium Potassium Rubidium Cesium Francium 碱金属包括：Li，Na，K，Rb，Cs，Fr The alkaline earth elements are metallic elements found in the second group of the periodic table. All alkaline earth elements have an oxidation number of +2, making them very reactive. Because of their reactivity, the alkaline metals are not found free in nature. 碱土金属是ⅡA族中的金属元素。所有的碱土金属元素的化合价都是+2，这使他们非常活泼，因为他们非常活泼，也不在自然界中直接出现。 The Alkaline Earth Metals are: Beryllium Magnesium Calcium Strontium Barium Radium 碱土金属金属包括Be，Mg，Ca，Sr，Ba，Ra The 38 elements in groups 3 through 12 of the periodic table are called "transition metals". As with all metals, the transition elements are both ductile and malleable, and conduct electricity and heat. The interesting thing about transition metals is that their valence electrons, or the electrons they use to combine with other elements, are present in more than one shell. This is the reason why they often exhibit several common oxidation states. There are three noteworthy elements in the transition metals family. These elements are iron, cobalt, and nickel, and they are the only elements known to produce a magnetic field. 元素周期表中ⅢB族到ⅡB族的38个元素叫做过渡金属。像所有金属一样，这些金属既有好的延展性也易锻造，并且是电和热的良导体。有趣之处是他们参加反应的电子层超过1层，这也是他们化合价不确定的原因（这句话不懂）。引人注目的是Fe，Co和Ni，他们是已知仅有的能产生磁场的物质的组成元素。 The Transition Metals are: Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Ununnilium Unununium Ununbium 过渡金属包括：Sc,Y,Ti,Zr,Hf,Rf,V,Nb,Ta,Db,Cr,Mo,W,Sg,Mn,Tc,Re,Bh,Fe,Ru,Os,Hs,Co,Rh,Ir,Mt,Ni,Pd,Pt,Uun,Cu,Ag,Au,Uuu,Zn,Cd,Hg,Unb The 7 elements classified as "other metals" are located in groups 13, 14, and 15. While these elements are ductile and malleable, they are not the same as the transition elements. These elements, unlike the transition elements, do not exhibit variable oxidation states, and their valence electrons are only present in their outer shell. All of these elements are solid, have a relatively high density, and are opaque. They have oxidation numbers of +3, ±4, and -3. 这七个被分为“其他金属”的元素位于ⅢA——ⅤA族。他们同样具有很好的延展性和段造性，但是和过渡金属不同。这些元素，不像过渡金属那样显示出可变的化合价，他们只有最外层电子参加反应。所有这七个元素都是固体，而且密度很大，并且不透明。他们的化合价一般是±3，±4。 The "Other Metals" are: Aluminum Gallium Indium Tin Thallium Lead Bismuth 其他金属包括Al，Ga，In，Tl，Pb，Sn，Bi Metalloids are the elements found along the stair-step line that distinguishes metals from non-metals. This line is drawn from between Boron and Aluminum to the border between Polonium and Astatine. The only exception to this is Aluminum, which is classified under "Other Metals". Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals. Some of the metalloids, such as silicon and germanium, are semi-conductors. This means that they can carry an electrical charge under special conditions. This property makes metalloids useful in computers and calculators 半金属是金属和非金属之间的过渡区。这条线从B，Al一直画到Po和At。之中唯一的特例是Al，它属于其他金属。半金属兼有金属和非金属的特性。例如Si和Ge，他们是半导体，也就是说他们在特殊情况下他们可以导电。这种特性使半金属在计算器和电脑领域很有用。 The Metalloids are: Boron Silicon Germanium Arsenic Antimony Tellurium Polonium 半金属包括B，SI，Ge，As，Sb，Te，Po Non-metals are the elements in groups 14-16 of the periodic table. Non-metals are not able to conduct electricity or heat very well. As opposed to metals, non-metallic elements are very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets. The non-metals exist in two of the three states of matter at room temperature: gases (such as oxygen) and solids (such as carbon). The non-metals have no metallic luster, and do not reflect light. They have oxidation numbers of ±4, -3, and -2. 非金属是是元素周期表中ⅣA-ⅥA族的元素。非金属不能很好的导电或导热，与金属元素相反，他们不能被锻造成丝或箔，反而非常易碎。非金属元素在室温下为固态或液态。非金属没有金属一样的光泽，也不反光，他们的化合价为±4, -3, 和 -2. The Non-Metal elements are: Hydrogen Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfur Selenium 非金属元素包括H，C，N，O，P，S，Se The halogens are five non-metallic elements found in group 17 of the periodic table. The term "halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds containing halogens are called "salts". All halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shells, giving them an oxidation number of -1. The halogens exist, at room temperature, in all three states of matter: Solid- Iodine, Astatine Liquid- Bromine Gas- Fluorine, Chlorine 卤素是ⅦA族中的5钟非金属元素，卤素的意思来源于希腊语halos（盐）和gennan（形成）两个词。在中文里，卤的原意是盐碱地的意思。所有的卤族元素的原子最外层都有7个电子。这使他们显现-1价。在室温下卤族元素构成的物质可表现为任何状态。 The Halogens are: Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine Astatine 卤族元素包括F，Cl，Br，I，At The six noble gases are found in group 18 of the periodic table. These elements were considered to be inert gases until the 1960"s, because their oxidation number of 0 prevents the noble gases from forming compounds readily. All noble gases have the maximum number of electrons possible in their outer shell (2 for Helium, 8 for all others), making them stable. 6种稀有气体是元素周期表0族的元素。在20世纪60年代以前，他们被认为是惰性气体，因为他们0的化合价让他们不与其他元素反应。所有稀有气体的最外电子层都满了。（He是2，其他是8个电子），使它们稳定。 Helium Neon Argon Krypton Xenon Radon 稀有气体包括He，Ne，Ar，Kr，Xe，Rn The thirty rare earth elements are composed of the lanthanide and actinide series. One element of the lanthanide series and most of the elements in the actinide series are called trans-uranium, which means synthetic or man-made. All of the rare earth metals are found in group 3 of the periodic table, and the 6th and 7th periods. The Rare Earth Elements are made up of two series of elements, the Lanthanide and Actinide Series. 三十个稀土金属是稳定的La系和Ac系元素。La系中的一个和Ac系中的大多数被人们叫做反铀元素，或者是人造的。所有稀土元素都位于第三族，第六和第七族，被分为La系和Ac系（……）。 The Rare Earth Elements are: Lanthanide Series Actinide Series Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium 稀土金属包括La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Pm,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu,Ac,Th,Pa,U,Np,Pu,Am,Cm,Bk,Cf,Es,Fm,Md,No,Lr这一篇还可以英国化学家戴维，1778年出生于彭赞斯。因他父亲过早去世。母亲无法养活五个孩子，于是卖掉田产，开起女帽制作店来。但他们的日子还是越过越苦。 戴维从小就勇于探索，他的兴趣很广泛。他在学校最喜欢的是化学，常常自己做实验。 17岁的时候，戴维到博莱斯先生的药房当了学徒。既学医学，也学化学，除读书外，他还做些较难的化学实验，为此，人们送他一个“小化学家”的称号。 一天，一个叫贝多斯的物理学家，登门拜访了这位“小化学家”，并邀请他到条件很好的气体研究所去工作。 戴维欣然受聘，来到贝多斯的研究所。该所想通过研究各种气体对人体的作用，弄清哪些气体对人有益，哪些气体对人有害。 戴维接受的第一项任务是配制氧化亚氮气体。戴维不负重望，很炔就制出这种气体。当时，有人说这种气体对人有害，而有的人又说无害，各持己见，莫衷一是。制得的大量气体，只好装在玻璃瓶中留着备用。 1799年4月的一天，贝多斯来到戴维的实验室，见已制出许多氧化亚氮，高兴地说：“啊，不错，您的工作令人十分满意……”贝多斯夸奖戴维的话还未说完，他一转身，不小心手把一个玻璃瓶子碰到地下打碎了。 戴维慌忙过来一看，打碎的正是装氧化亚氮的瓶子，忙问：“手不要紧吧？” “没事。真对不起，我把您的劳动成果浪费了。”贝多斯边说边拣碎玻璃。 “没啥，我正要作试验呢，想看看这种气体对人究竟会有什么影响，这样一来还省得我开瓶塞……”戴维的话还未说完，被贝多斯反常的表情弄得惊慌失措。 “哈哈哈……”一向沉着、孤僻、严肃得几乎整天板着面孔的贝多斯，今天突然大笑起来，“戴维，哈哈哈……我的手一点儿都不疼，哈哈哈……”“哈哈哈……”刚才还处于惊慌的戴维也骤然大笑，“真的不疼？哈哈哈……” 两位科学家的笑声，惊动了隔壁实验室的人。他们跑来一看，都以为他俩得了神经病。等一阵狂笑之后，两人方逐渐清醒。贝多斯被玻璃划破的手指感到疼痛，原来氧化亚氮不仅使他俩狂笑，而且使贝多斯麻醉不知手痛。 事隔不久，戴维患了牙病，便请来牙科医生德恩梯斯·舍派特。医生决定把他的坏牙拔掉。当时根本没有什么麻醉药，医生硬把牙齿给拉了下来，疼得戴维浑身冒汗。这时，他猛然想起前不久发生的事——贝多斯手划破了，可闻了那氧化亚氮后却一点也没感觉疼。于是，他赶忙拿过装有氧化亚氮的瓶子连吸几口，结果，他又哈哈大笑起来，同时也感觉不到牙痛了。 经过进一步研究，戴维证实氧化亚氮不仅能使人狂笑，而且还有一定的麻醉作用。戴维就为这种气取了个形象的名字笑气。 戴维将关于笑气的研究成果写进《化学和哲学研究》一书，立即轰动了整个欧洲。外科医生们纷纷用笑气做麻醉药，使本来满是刺耳的喊叫声的手术室，弥漫着一片笑声。病人的痛苦也轻多了。 戴维发现笑气的时候，年仅21岁。从此，他成了闻名欧洲的青年科学家。 后来，戴维继续从事科学研究，首先制取了金属钾、钠、钙、镁、钡和非金属硼，还发明了矿工用的安全灯。为人类做出了很大的贡献。 British chemist David, was born in 1778 in Penzance. As a result of his father"s premature death. Not the mother of five children to feed, then sell the farm, started millinery shop to produce. But their day is over the more bitter. David from an early age have the courage to explore his interest in a wide range. His favorite is the school of chemical, often their own experiments. 17-year-old, Mr. David to the BLS as a pharmacy apprentice. Both the medical school, school chemistry, in addition to reading, he"s also more difficult to do chemical experiments, for which he was sent to a "chemist". One day, a man named Tony Meadows physicist, had to visit the "chemist" and invited him to the very good conditions for the gas to the work of the Institute. However, Dai Weixin employed, Tony came to the meadows of the Institute. The study through a variety of gases on the human body, out of gas which were beneficial and which harmful gases. David to accept the first task is the preparation of nitrous oxide gas. David does not live up, it is such a system on acetylene gas. At that time, it is said that this harmful gas, and some people said that sound, to hold different views, rather than consensus. Obtained a large number of gas, had no choice but to keep in glass bottles mounted on a stand-by. In April 1799 of the day, Tony came to David Doss of the laboratory, see the system has a lot of nitrous oxide, said happily: "ah, yes, your work is very pleased with the ... ..." Tony praised David Doss The words have not yet finished, he turned a careless hand on the ground floor of a glass bottle smashed across sub. David hurriedly looked around, broke the bottle of nitrous oxide is loaded, Mangwen: "It does not matter in hand?" "Never. I"m sorry, I am your labor lost." Meadows said, picking shellfish broken glass. "Nothing, I am going to trial, would like to see this person on the gas What does it mean, this way also to save me ... ... cork" David"s words have not yet finished, Tony Adams and more abnormal Look up panic. "Ha, ha, ha ... ..." always been cool, eccentric, a serious Banzhuomiankong almost the whole day of the Tony Meadows, all of a sudden today, laughing, "David, Ha, ha, ha ... ... My hands are a little pain, ... Ha, ha, ha ... "" Ha, ha, ha ... ... "in a panic just yet David is also a sudden laugh," really hurt? ... Ha, ha, ha ... " The two scientists laughter, alerted the laboratory next door. They came to see one, they all thought had neuropathy. Kuang Xiao, and so on for a while, the two sides gradually clear. Tony Adams has been more than cut through the glass finger pain that Kuang Xiao nitrous oxide not only they but also the multi-Tony Adams hand I do not know of narcotic pain. Soon after, David is suffering from dental problems, we have invited dentists Dehn Ossetia Pat Adams homes. Doctors decided his bad tooth pulled out. At that time, there was not any anesthetic, the doctor forcibly teeth to pull down, David painful sweating all over. At this time, he suddenly reminded of what happened long ago - more than Tony Adams cut through the hand, can be heard and that the nitrous oxide after it did not feel a little pain. As a result, he quickly took the bottle of nitrous oxide with even a few smoke as a result, he laughed, at the same time feel a toothache. After further study, confirmed that David nitrous oxide Kuangxiao not only make the people, but also a certain narcotic effect. David was on the air that took the name of the image of a laughing gas. David will be laughing gas on the results of research into the "chemical and philosophical studies", the immediate sensation throughout Europe. Surgeons who have used nitrous oxide anesthesia to do so have been full of ear-piercing cries of the operating room, filled with a laugh. Patients are suffering more than the light. David found that nitrous oxide, as young as 21 years old. Since then, he has become famous for Europe"s young scientists. Later, David continued to engage in scientific research, first of all, making the metal potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, boron and non-metallic barium, also invented the miner"s safety lamp used. Mankind has made a great contribution.

装在套子里的人 契诃夫 我的同事希腊文教师别里科夫两个月前才在我们城里去世。您一定听说过他。他也真怪，即使在最晴朗的日子，也穿上雨鞋，带着雨伞，而且一定穿着暖和的棉大衣。他总是把雨伞装在套子里，把表放在一个灰色的鹿皮套子里；就连那削铅笔的小刀也是装在一个小套子里的。他的脸也好像蒙着套子，因为他老是把它藏在竖起的衣领里。他戴黑眼镜穿羊毛衫，用棉花堵住耳朵眼。他一坐上马车，总要叫马车夫支起车篷。总之，这人总想把自己包在壳子里，仿佛要为自己制造一个套子，好隔绝人世，不受外界影响。现实生活剌激他，惊吓他，老是闹得他六神不安。也许为了替自己的胆怯、自己对现实的憎恶辩护吧，他老是歌颂过去，歌颂那些从没存在过的东西；事实上他所教的古代语言，对他来说，也就是雨鞋和雨伞，使他借此躲避现实生活。 别里科夫把他的思想也极力藏在一个套子里。只有政府的告示和报纸上的文章，其中规定着禁止什么，他才觉得一清二楚。看到有个告示禁止中学学生在晚上九点钟以后到街上去，他就觉得又清楚又明白：这种事是禁止的，好，这就行了。但是他觉着在官方的批准或者默许里面老是包藏着使人怀疑的成分，包藏着隐隐约约、还没充分说出来的成分。每逢经过当局批准，城里开了一个戏剧俱乐部，或者阅览室，或者茶馆，他总要摇摇头，低声说： “当然，行是行的，这固然很好，可是千万别闹出什么乱子。” 凡是违背法令、脱离常规、不合规矩的事，虽然看来跟他毫不相干，却惹得他闷闷不乐。要是他的一个同事到教堂参加祈祷式去迟了，或者要是他听到流言，说是中学的学生闹出了乱子，他总是心慌得很，一个劲儿地说：千万别闹出什么乱子。在教务会议上，他那种慎重，那种多疑，那种纯粹套子式的论调，简直压得我们透不出气。他说什么不管男子中学里也好，女子中学里也好，年轻人都不安分，教室里闹闹吵吵——唉，只求这种事别传到当局的耳朵里去才好，只求不出什么乱子才好。他认为如果把二年级的彼得洛夫和四年级的叶果洛夫开除，那才妥当。您猜怎么着？他凭他那种唉声叹气，他那种垂头丧气和他那苍白的小脸上的眼镜，降服了我们，我们只好让步，减低彼得洛夫和叶果洛夫的品行分数，把他们禁闭起来，到后来把他俩开除了事。我们教师们都怕他。信不信由您。我们这些教师都是有思想的、很正派的人，受过屠格涅夫和谢德林的陶冶，可是这个老穿着雨鞋、拿着雨伞的小人物，却把整个中学辖制了足足十五年！可是光辖制中学算得了什么？全城都受着他辖制呢！我们这儿的太太们到礼拜六不办家庭戏剧晚会，因为怕他昕见；教士们当着他的面不敢吃荤，也不敢打牌。在别里科夫这类人的影响下，全城的人战战兢兢地生活了十年到十五年，什么事都怕。他们不敢大声说话，不敢写信，不敢交朋友，不敢看书，不敢周济穷人，不敢教人念书写字…… 别里科夫跟我同住在一所房子里。他的卧室挺小，活像一只箱子，床上挂着帐子。他一上床，就拉过被子来蒙上脑袋。房里又热又闷，风推着关紧的门，炉子里嗡嗡地叫，厨房里传来叹息声——不祥的叹息声……他躺在被子底下，战战兢兢，深怕会出什么事，深怕小贼溜进来。他通宵做噩梦，到早晨我们一块儿到学校去的时候，他没精打采，脸色苍白。他所去的那个挤满了人的学校，分明使得他满心害怕和憎恶；跟我并排走路，对他那么一个性情孤僻的人来说，显然也是苦事。 可是，这个装在套子里的人，差点结了婚。有一个新的史地教员，一个原籍乌克兰，名叫密哈益·沙维奇·柯瓦连科的人，派到我们学校里来了。他是带着他姐姐华连卡一起来的。后来，由于校长太太的尽力撮合，华连卡开始对我们的别里科夫明白地表示好感了。在恋爱方面，特别是在婚姻方面，怂恿总要起很大的作用的。人人——他的同事和同事的太太们——开始向别里科夫游说：他应当结婚。况且，华连卡长得不坏，招人喜欢；她是五等文官的女儿，有田产；尤其要紧的，她是第一个待他诚恳而亲热的女人。于是他昏了头，决定结婚了。 但是华连卡的弟弟从认识别里科夫的第二天起，就讨厌他。 现在，您听一听后来发生的事吧。有个促狭鬼画了一张漫画，画着别里科夫打了雨伞，穿了雨鞋，卷起裤腿，正在走路，臂弯里挽着华连卡；下面缀着一个题名：“恋爱中的anthropos。”您知道，那神态画得像极了。那位画家一定画了不止一夜，因为男子中学和女子中学里的教师们、神学校的教师们、衙门里的官儿，全接到一份。别里科夫也接到一份。这幅漫画弄得他难堪极了。 我们一块儿走出了宿舍；那天是五月一日，礼拜天，学生和教师事先约定在学校里会齐，然后一块儿走到城郊的一个小林子里去。我们动身了，他脸色发青，比乌云还要阴沉。 “天下竟有这么歹毒的坏人！”他说，他的嘴唇发抖了。 我甚至可怜他了。我们走啊走的，忽然间，柯瓦连科骑着自行车来了，他的后面，华连卡也骑着自行车来了，涨红了脸，筋疲力尽，可是快活，兴高采烈。 “我们先走一步！”她嚷道。“多可爱的天气！多可爱，可爱得要命！” 他俩走远，不见了。别里科夫脸色从发青变成发白。他站住，瞧着我。…… “这是怎么回事？或者，也许我的眼睛骗了我？难道中学教师和小姐骑自行车还成体统吗？” “这有什么不成体统的？”我问“让他们尽管骑他们的自行车，快快活活地玩一阵好了。” “可是这怎么行？”他叫起来，看见我平心静气，觉得奇怪，“您在说什么呀？” 他似乎心里乱得很，不肯再往前走，回家去了。 第二天他老是心神不定地搓手，打哆嗦；从他的脸色分明看得出来他病了。还没到放学的时候，他就走了，这在他还是生平第一回呢。他没吃午饭。将近傍晚，他穿得暖暖和和的，到柯瓦连科家里去了。华连卡不在家，就只碰到她弟弟。 “请坐！”柯瓦连科冷冷地说，皱起眉头。别里科夫沉默地坐了十分钟光景，然后开口了： “我上您这儿来，是为要了却我的一桩心事。我烦恼得很，烦恼得很。有个不怀好意的家伙画了一张荒唐的漫画，画的是我和另一个跟您和我都有密切关系的人。我认为我有责任向您保证我跟这事没一点关系。……我没有做出什么事来该得到这样的讥诮——刚好相反，我的举动素来在各方面都称得起是正人君子。” 柯瓦连科坐在那儿生闷气，一句话也不说。别里科夫等了一忽儿，然后压低喉咙，用悲凉的声调接着说： “另外我有件事情要跟您谈一谈。我在这儿做了多年的事，您最近才来；既然我是一个比您年纪大的同事，我就认为我有责任给您进一个忠告。您骑自行车，这种消遣，对青年的教育者来说，是绝对不合宜的！” “怎么见得？”柯瓦连科问。 “难道这还用解释吗，密哈益·沙维奇？难道这不是理所当然吗？如果教师骑自行车，那还能希望学生做出什么好事来？他们所能做的就只有倒过来，用脑袋走路了！既然政府还没有发出通告， 允许做这种事，那就做不得。昨天我吓坏了！我一看见您的姐姐， 眼前就变得一片漆黑。一位小姐，或者一个姑娘，却骑自行车——这太可怕了！” “您到底要怎么样？” “我所要做的只有一件事，就是忠告您，密哈益·沙维奇。您是青年人，您前途远大，您的举动得十分十分小心才成；您却这么马马虎虎，唉，这么马马虎虎！您穿着绣花衬衫出门，人家经常看见您在大街上拿着书走来走去；现在呢，又骑什么自行车。校长会听说您和您姐姐骑自行车的，然后，这事又会传到督学的耳朵里……这还会有好下场吗？” “讲到我姐姐和我骑自行车，这可不干别人的事。”柯瓦连科涨红了脸说，“谁要来管我的私事，就叫他滚！” 别里科夫脸色苍白，站起来。 “您用这种口吻跟我讲话，那我不能再讲下去了。”他说，“我请求您在我面前谈到上司的时候不要这样说话；您对上司应当尊敬才对。” “难道我对上司说了什么不好的话？”柯瓦连科问，生气地瞧着他。“请您躲开我。我是正大光明的人，不愿意跟您这样的先生讲话。我不喜欢那些背地里进谗言的人。” 别里科夫心慌意乱，匆匆忙忙地穿大衣，脸上带着恐怖的神情。这还是他生平第一回听到别人对他说这么不客气的话。 “随您怎么说，都由您好了。”他一面走出门道，到楼梯口去，一面说，“只是我得跟您预先声明一下：说不定有人偷听了我们的谈话了，为了避免我们的谈话被人家误解以致闹出什么乱子起见，我得把我们的谈话内容报苦校长——把大意说明一下。我不能不这样做。” “报告他？去，尽管报告去吧！” 柯瓦连科在他后面一把抓住他的衣领，使劲一推，别里科夫就连同他的雨鞋一齐乒乒乓乓地滚下楼去。楼梯又高又陡，不过他滚到楼下却安然无恙，站起来，摸了摸鼻子，看了看他的眼镜碎了没有。可是，他滚下楼的时候，偏巧华连卡回来了，带着两位女士。她们站在楼下，怔住了。这在别里科夫却比任何事情都可怕。我相信他情愿摔断脖子和两条腿，也不愿意成为别人取笑的对象。是啊，这样一来，全城的人都会知道这件事，还会传到校长耳朵里去，还会传到督学耳朵里去。哎呀，不定会闹出什么乱子！说不定又会有一张漫画，到头来弄得他奉命退休吧…… 等到他站起来，华连卡才认出是他。她瞧着他那滑稽的脸相，他那揉皱的大衣，他那雨鞋，不明白是怎么回事，以为他是一不小心摔下来的，就忍不住纵声大笑，笑声在整个房子里响着： “哈哈哈！” 这响亮而清脆的“哈哈哈”就此结束了一切事情： 结束了预想中的婚事，结束了别里科夫的人间生活。他没听见华连卡说什么话，他什么也没有看见。一到家，他第一件事就是从桌子上撤去华连卡的照片；然后他上了床，从此再也没起过床。 过了一个月，别里科夫死了。我们都去送葬。 我们要老实说：埋葬别里科夫那样的人，是一件大快人心的事。我们从墓园回去的时候，露出忧郁和谦虚的脸相；谁也不肯露出快活的感情。——像那样的感情，我们很久很久以前做小孩子的时候，遇到大人不在家，我们到花园里去跑一两个钟头，享受完全自由的时候，才经历过。 我们高高兴兴地从墓园回家。可是一个礼拜还没有过完，生活又恢复旧样子，跟先前一样郁闷、无聊、乱糟糟了。局面并没有好一点。实在，虽然我们埋葬了别里科夫，可是这种装在套子里的人，却还有许多，将来也还不知道有多少呢！

不会buhidao~~~

别里科夫.一位教师.

1、思想上的套子别里科夫思想的套子是一种陈腐的封建思想模式。主要体现在他对新思想新事物的排斥厌恶上。他是沙皇统治的忠实拥护者。他的这种思维方式，正是“万马齐喑”的现实病态，沙皇的专制统治使他恐惧。从他因为政府还没允许就反对骑自行车，可见指导他行为的是政府的文告。别里科夫以政府的文告，甚至只是禁令当做行为准则的。这就是他思想的套子。2、生活上的套子生活上又从穿着、用具、出行、住处等方面加以刻画。穿着——晴朗日子，穿雨鞋、棉大衣，把脸蒙在竖起的衣领里，穿羊毛衫，戴黑眼镜，用棉花堵住耳朵眼。用具——晴天带雨伞，把伞装在套子里，把表放在灰色鹿皮套子里，削铅笔的小刀也装在套子里。出行——坐上马车，便叫支起车篷。住处——卧室挺小，活像一只箱子，床上挂着帐子。他一上床，就拉过被子来蒙上脑袋。总之，他尽量使自己与外界隔绝起来。《装在套子里的人》作品鉴赏法国思想家帕斯卡说“人只是一只芦苇，是宇宙间最脆弱的东西。但人是一只会思想的芦苇”。人的生命是脆弱的，宇宙间任何一件东西都能置人于死地，然而人却成了万物的主宰，这正是因为人有一颗会思想的灵魂，人因为思想而高贵。然而当人的思想被关在一个笼子里而失去了飞翔的自由时，人还是“人”吗？而小说中的别里科夫与不断地嘲笑、戏弄他的中学同事以及全城居民之间并没有本质的区别；正是他们共同地恐惧、忍让，才以至“什么都怕”“不敢大声说话，不敢写信，不敢交朋友，不敢看书，不敢去周济穷人，不敢教人去念书写字”，别里科夫其实只是一个面孔模糊的人。契诃夫详细地描绘了他的衣着、物件，比如他的套鞋、雨伞、眼镜、帽子以及房间的摆设，却恰恰没有对别里科夫进行面部描写，这自然决不是大师的忽略，而应当是匠心所在，文中几次只出现了他的“苍白的脸”，这个苍白的脸，苍白的生活，苍白的人格的别里科夫不是一个人，这个尖酸刻薄、神经衰弱、精神极度紧张警觉的形象。正如鲁迅笔下的那个拖着一条瘦瘦的辫子的阿Q绝不是“这一个”而是“每一个”一样，是一个群体。正是这些别里科夫，才使小镇成了“一沟绝望的死水，清风吹不起半点漪沦”。

当一群孩子pelltelr convercaiion wiih vou. siop一个说:“我们去上班了。体内剩下几道:“你惊讶和ceriainlv feelins uneasv。这是20世纪90年代以后,all.孩子的工作是不可思议的华特。那是。直到你被告知,他们都是学生的舞台schools.和泰国ibe“工作”他们去是在舞台上的时候,在剧院里。 学校通常包括acr作为机构的舞台提供儿童(代理机构为舞台和电视的工作。更多的名字“siage worihy高等教育本土化eckool. nre thase几个p ! -孩子们用iraining auend满送来了戏剧和一般educaiion。 访问这种学校会让你在毫无疑问,孩子们玩一玩。活泼的孩子什么马alI.后不安定{或snendins onlv一天做普通学校谁唱歌或跳舞,acting.通过另外一半的一天 当然这些时间为孩子们做一名和赚一点钱在一些大的节目。某些阶段学校给孩子太多的专业工作在如此年轻的时候。但是法律很紧的数额可以做。在13仅限于Thase 40天,那些超过13做80天。 学校本身承认并不是所有的孩子会成功的职业,他们被训练的。所以,那些不让它所有的主要流派说他们所重视孩子得到很好的siudy lacis不俗的augged似乎在这不是alwaystbe案例。

"俗语、谚语、俚语等。它是经过 习语翻译 比喻形象 地传达原文含义"等这些词不能直译,所以即使翻译也不通顺。

Thought for a long time, finally decided to use a period as the title, and this period also represents a lot of sense. In the last analysis, is now an end.A lot of thinking, today is the day, but also somebody his friends and mature day, people might be over, one day, the flank have personal in total want to listen, and will want to know something, and finally make a dare, or no thought before the decision, this is life.And let today can come out to drink shot after shot, bin ChouChou frowsty smoke. In fact, it is oneself burger too long can say the outbreak, people feeling not humbled too long, long easily. Want to find people who are hidden in the heart of pain. Talk out I don"t want be stupid to climb to the top alone to play again, hammer wall wall to use nicotine to attack their nerve, that really painful, so I really will collapse.In point of a few root evil, concrete dam, I don"t know the whole people all want to collapse, I would never have thought of suicide, I haven"t get married, I haven"t honor your father and your mother, that everything is still unknown. Eventually assume alone all these different people, I want my two brothers out, I will talk for a long time did not tell they buried the heartache of all, said it would like this without soul like a doormat.In the dining room buy a box of wine, with just bought two countries today let things go, and death.Silence is blown head began to feel dizzy, two bottles, people began to feel, and I tell them something today, but something really strange, slowly, spoke, today"s role should not I, today"s biggest winner is root, contrast, today I not protagonist, apparently injured in the deepest feelings, life, more miserable, and others, and these will appear in front of him is not worth mentioning. If I have no time, today is not to drink three brothers came to talk, the root of this life pain could never understood, it will never hidden in the bottom of the unknown, who hopes to get hurt of always I. Don"t smoke in the unexamined only know how much smoke, feel that we have three hours enough to tell who have uncovered the heart of scar, is far from enough.Maybe because we too young, perhaps because we are stupid, no ability to pay for their own actions, no capital to say true love a person, how can the love in the future, and all is still unknown today, I want to take what to give the future orientation, today"s a fast to leave much regret tomorrow is a mystery, but always results is sure to hurt someone, absolutely, that I can do, only for his own heart, and temporary relief to face it would be tragic, I can"t, I won"t, for us.Actually I do decide to end time promised them not, but in the end I was relaxed went back, because I know how to do it.With its make a now is ignorant of her face a may harm the facts, he let her for a reduction of friends, friends he unimportant, still can get injured have a scar, never wash not to drop the scar, I don"t want to leave her, because the girl had left in himself a similar scar, I know that taste.All these all blame yourself, too emotionally, think oneself again after the defeat for a family will let yourself better, I thought I finally found a dispel the chest of a dull ache in another, result just detection oneself just fell into another unknown deep. Fortunately I lost the rope, I want to climb up to the full of sunshine, the place, as golden sun shines through the whole time, I would have finished all this, leaving only their own shadow.Sorry, friend, I will leave you!

The rope skipping source to the Chinese Southern Song Dynasty time,has the glorious history. Originally belongs to the garden game class,latter develops the folk athletics movement. Now, the rope skipping also often treats as each special movementtraining the assistance practice method. The rope skipping also is theprofessional boxer exercises the leg strength the method. If you want to practice the rope skipping, then you must control therope skipping the training time and the intensity. The rope skippingtime length is different from person to person. If is continuously thequick rhythm rope skipping, should better not have to surpass 10minutes, otherwise the heart can be unable to withstand the heavyburden. If is jumps a while to rest a while, as is each time suitabletake 30 minutes. The concrete physiological load of exercise actsaccording to individual physical strength as well as the requiredquantity decides. Surely do not force oneself certainly to have toachieve any standard. The rope skipping is one kind of physiological load of exercise biggeroutdoors activity, before the practice certainly must complete thebodily various spots the warming-up exercise, specially the fullmalleolus, the skill and the shoulder joint, the elbow joint certainlymust move start. Starts when the idling speed, along with persistedthe time the growth, may gradually enhance the rope skipping thespeed. The idling speed maintains in average each minute jumps60¨D70; Quicker speed hold in average each minute 1.40116 million.Winter in the outdoors rope skipping unavoidable perspiration, getsdown when the stop, must promptly put on the coat. The rope skippingnot only is child"s game, or healthy body good way. The healthy bodyamateur may act according to own program arrangement and the exercisetime, participates in the collective, in among realized the multi-people skip rope pleasure.参考一下吧，

是不是啊，今天是除夕都有作业？

1 because the story is adapted from Andersen (full name: Hans Christian Andersen English) works "the snow queen", so the three protagonists name in the film, Hans, Christopher and Anna, is a homage to the animation master. 2 Disney animation company since early twenty-first Century is going to put "the snow queen" adapted into animation works, but due to various reasons, the project has been shelved, midway through several hands, chief also experienced a big shake up. 3 the animation team Ceng Yuanfu Wyoming, Canada and Norway, to observe the details, in the real snow and ice environment for inspiration, this is the final presentation of the realistic and magnificent; ornate; fascinating texture. In addition, this might eventually lead to the kingdom of the Arai Dale building looks somewhat Norway style. 4 of the film"s special effects team has created a "snow machine", is a random form 2000 different shapes of snowflakes computer program. So if a lens of a randomly selected films, the picture zoom in to a snowflake, it must be one of these 2000. 5 cast members had a real reindeer to Disney animation studio for your observation and creation. 6 Norway language Rosemaling (rosemaling), a Scandinavia folk decorative art style is the piece of large-scale use, from the princess clothing to the horse accessories, even snow queen magic. In the 7 film the talking snowman Olaf said a word, "some people worthy of me as she melts" (Some people are worth melting for) become a hot word in following the release of the film.

作者罗尔德达尔When, about eight years ago, old Sir William Turton died and his son Basil inherited The Turton Press (as well as the title), I can remember how they started laying bets around Fleet Street as to just how long it would be before some nice young woman managed to persuade the little fellow that she must look after him.当，大约8年前，老威廉爵士特顿和他的儿子去世罗勒继承的特顿出版社（以及标题），我还记得他们是怎么开始铺设舰队街附近的投注，以公正多久之前将一些很好的年轻女子设法说服小家伙，她要照顾他。 That is to say, him and his money.这就是说，他和他的钱。 The new Sir Basil Turton was maybe forty years old at the time, a bachelor, a man of mild and simple character who up to then had shown no interest in anything at all except his collection of modern paintings and sculpture.新的罗勒特顿爵士也许是在四十年楼龄，大学本科，一个简单的性格温和的人谁直到现在还没有表现出任何事都感兴趣，除非他的现代绘画和雕塑作品。 No woman had disturbed him; no scandal or gossip had ever touched his name.没有了困扰他的女人，没有丑闻或八卦接触过他的名字。 But now that he had become the proprietor of quite a large newspaper and magazine empire, it was necessary for him to emerge from the calm of his father"s country house and come up to London.但现在他已成为相当大的报纸和杂志帝国老板，有必要让他摆脱他父亲的乡村别墅冷静，拿出伦敦。

插入尾注首次插入尾注时，将光标定位到论文中要插入参考文献的位置。先打开要标注参考文献的文档，用鼠标点在需要添加标注的位置然后在点开引用选项卡，点击脚注和尾注。会弹出一个脚注尾注的设置框，勾选尾注，格式勾选方括号样式，应用更改设置为整篇文档，设置好之后点击插入。点击插入后，在该处就插入了一个上标1，而光标自动跳到文章最后，前面就是一个上标1，这就是输入第一个参考文献的地方。接下来只需在引用选项卡下点击插入尾注即可加入其它参考文献标注如果要删除参考文献前面一条横线，则点开上方的引用选项卡，点击脚注/尾注分隔线即可。就会看到横线消失了。

Sex discrimination and equal pay 关于男女收入和社会不平等It"s unlawful for an employer to treat you differently from others because of your sex, because you are married, or if you"ve had, are having or are going to have gender reassignment. Find out about your rights and what to do if you feel you"re being discriminated against. What is sex discrimination? Equal opportunities laws aim to create a "level playing field" so that people are employed, paid, trained and promoted only because of their skills, abilities and how they do their job. Under the 1975 Sex Discrimination Act it"s unlawful for an employer to discriminate against you because of your sex or because you are married. It"s also unlawful to discriminate against you because you"ve had, are having or intend to have, gender reassignment. This means someone, supervised by a doctor, who changes their gender. The discrimination can be "direct" or "indirect", deliberate or accidental. If someone is disadvantaged at work because of their sex, marital status or gender, it is unlawful, and the employer should stop the discrimination. Sex discrimination laws cover almost all workers (men and women) and all types of organisation in the UK. Equal pay The 1970 Equal Pay Act makes it unlawful for employers to discriminate between men and women in terms of their pay and conditions where they are doing the same or similar work; work rated as equivalent in a job evaluation study by the employer; or work of equal value. Different kinds of sex discrimination Sex discrimination at work is unlawful in all parts of employment. The law covers recruitment, terms and conditions, pay and benefits, status, training, promotion and transfer opportunities, right through to redundancy and dismissal. However, in some cases, a job can be offered to someone of a particular sex, because of what is called a "genuine occupational qualification". Examples could include: some jobs in single-sex schools jobs in some welfare services acting jobs that need a man or a woman Different types of discrimination There are four types of discrimination: direct discrimination - treating you differently because of your sex, because you are married or because of your gender reassignment (eg paying men more than women for doing the same job, promoting someone because they are single instead of an equally qualified person, or sacking a woman because she says she is pregnant or might start a family. indirect discrimination - putting you at a disadvantage because of certain working practices or rules (eg setting a minimum height, which might discriminate against most women, or an employer"s refusal to recruit part-time workers without good reason) harassment - behaving in an offensive manner, or encouraging or allowing other people to do so (for example, making sexual remarks or gestures, allowing displays or distribution of sexually explicit material, or giving someone a potentially offensive nickname because of their gender) victimisation - treating you unfairly for making a complaint about discrimination (for example, preventing you from going on training courses, taking unfair disciplinary action against you, or excluding you from company social events) Employers who don"t stop sex and gender discrimination by their employees may themselves be discriminating unlawfully.

　　种族歧视产生于古罗马帝国时代。美国的黑人、大洋洲的土著民以及日本的部落民都曾深受其害。下面就是我给大家整理的种族歧视英文 文章 ，希望大家喜欢。　　种族歧视英文文章篇1：种族歧视 　　In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences,that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries wherethe black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence u2013 as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder whathit us. 　　Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other"s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. “Talk, talk, talk,” the advocates of violence say, “all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.” It"s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. “Possible, my lord,” the barrister replied, “none the wiser, but surely far better informed.”Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve. 　　种族歧视英文文章篇2：种族歧视 　　According to the bourgeois racial and ethnic characteristics of people"s social status and legal status of racial restrictions andviolations of other fundamental rights and freedoms of the phenomenon. In class society, racial discrimination is essentially class issues. 　　The existence of racial discrimination in ancient times, but its modern form from the beginning of the primitive accumulation of capital, so far, a number of areas in the world, there is still racial discrimination. This phenomenon is by the reactionary rulingclass to take legislative, administrative and other measures to advocate and spread of racial superiority and racial hatred, such as the doctrine. The performance of racial discrimination are open to the public, legal, hidden, reality.In South Africa, highlighted the performance of racial discrimination to apartheid, the white racists this is the basic national policy, has been 300 yearsof history. In the last half-century, white racism Racial Discrimination Act promulgated by the authorities as many as 100. American blacks, Indians, the indigenous people of Oceania, Europe"s former colonial immigrants, ethnic minorities and foreign workers in Asia, "tribal people" and caste groups, are today the victims of racial discrimination. 　　Today, I say the United States of racial discrimination. Racial discrimination or colour issues, mainly in the United States and black-related issues, because they account for one-tenth of the total population of the United States. 　　种族歧视英文文章篇3：种族歧视 　　In America, the racial discrimination is everywhere, the racial conflict often happen, the black people are treated as slaves bywhite people, they often have the lowest salary, insurance and many unfair treatment. 　　Nowadays, the racial discrimination isnu2019t just between the white and the black, many other races in American are discriminated by the local people and they donu2019t have right to protect themselves 　　In 20XX ,a white peopleDoug Williams who hate the black people brought weapon to kill five black people then killed himself. 　　why American racial discrimination is so serious? 　　种族歧视英文 作文 (3篇)种族歧视英文作文(3篇)1. The mind of the racial discrimination exist in many white peopleu2019s minds. They always treat the black people as slaves or think them as criminals. 　　2. Some of the black people in America become lazy and crazy, they donu2019t work and do harmfulthings to the society, such as robbing, stealing and killing people. 　　3. The government donu2019t pay more attentionon the racial discrimination, sometimes they maybe deprive the black peopleu2019srights to maintain the white peopleu2019s rights. 　　4. The conflict of history which the black people try to get fair treatment is too short, many person donu2019t realize their rights deprived. 　　5. A widening gap between rich and poor is a reason cause the racial discrimination. 　　6.the essence of the problem is that the competition between the race and other race, it likes the regional protectionism(地方保护主义). 　　how to eliminate racial discrimination 　　1. A great leader 　　2. A responsible government 　　3. A justice international organization 　　4. A high quality people and an equal mind 　　A great leader 　　Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.was an American political activist, the most famous leader of the American civil rights movement, Considered a peacemaker throughout the world for his promotion of nonviolence and equal treatment for different races, he received the Nobel Peace Prize in 20XX. His most influential and well-known speech is the "I Have A Dream" speech 　　A responsible government 　　Ensure black rights, especially employment, medical treatment, insurance and social welfare 　　To strengthen national equality and harmony of the propaganda and education, stop the spread of racism 　　A justice international organization 　　the United Nations must take responsibility to control the racial discrimination, help to eliminate poverty in developing countries, narrow the gap between rich and poor, and strongly advocated ethnic equality, harmonious and the dialogue between differentcivilizations 　　A high quality people and an equal mind 　　Give every races an equal education and job chances, keep the equal mind to treat everyone, improve human rights consciousness 　　The black people should improve their quality to win respect of the white people 　　The white people should correct their attitude towards the black, and give hands to the black people who need help 　　We have a long way to go 　　But we must believe :love is color blind.

爱,指的是信任我所爱的人。如果我爱你,我相信你会接受我的关怀和我的爱,也相信你不会故意伤害我。我相信你会发现有吸引力,我相信你不会抛弃我;我相信相信爱是相互的。如果我们相互信任,我们就愿意相互敞开我们的心扉,显示我们的真面貌。爱可以容忍缺点。在爱的关系中,有些时候我觉得很无聊,有时当我想放弃的时候,真正的紧张的时候,有我感到我无法前进。真正的爱并不意味着永远快乐。在困难时期我能坚守,不过,因为我仍记得我们共同度过的往昔,我也能想象,我们将共同拥有什么样的未来,如果我们对问题予以足够的重视,面对问题并能度过。我们一致认为爱是改变生活的精神力量。爱是一种生活方式,它具有创造和改变的力量。然而,爱不是留给一个完美的世界。爱是给予我们的不完美的世界里,事情出错。“爱是在痛苦的情况下发挥作用的精神。“爱是生命中带来意义胡说八道似乎规则。换句话说,爱来到一个不完美的世界使它可能生活。爱是开着的。假如我爱你,我会鼓励你向外发展,建立其他的人际关系。虽然我们之间的爱和对彼此的承诺可能不允许我们的一些行动,我们并不是完全和专一的捆绑到每一个人。这是一个虚假的爱,一个人束缚在另一个人身上没有给他或她成长的空间。爱,则是自私的。我只能爱你当我真正地爱自己,珍视自己,欣赏自己,尊重自己。如果我空虚,那么我能给予你的只能是我的空虚。如果我感到我自己是完整的、有价值的人,那么我就能够让你分享我的充实。爱的最好方法之一是你给我的爱和你在一起充分享受我的一切。爱包含年代

这句话的意思是：先生，毫无疑问您是忘记了承诺要给我一笔不菲的小费，然后我们以友好的方式告别的事情了吧。friendly fashion 意思是友好的方式。这句话是之前“我”和出租车司机讲的，“我”希望司机可以将我送回家，我们停止争执，我也愿意付些小费。这句话在这里造成了出乎意料的效果。表明了司机胜利的喜悦，增强了讽刺效果。

Robotics is the science and technology and application of robots. Stories of artificial helpers and attempts to create them has a long history and is the basis of much science fiction.Robots are generally used to help with jobs that are too dirty or boring for most human beings.The first prgrammable humanoid robot was about 1206 AD. We can make a robot to look like almost anything we want. The most fantasized about are ones that have a humanoid appearance. Think of a repetative task and generally there is probably one on th market that can do what you want.Remember Rosey the robot on The Jetsons, or the robot on Lost in Space. We have come a long way, but we aren"t quite that far yet. It is only a matter of time. There are already robots that can do simple tasks like cleaning the floor, or doing the laundry. But these won"t be ready for the public until about the year 2010. The cost of the robots is another matter.The robot is based around the structure, which is like the skeleton of the human body. It is the main support system.Next, you have the actuatorsor "muscles" of the robot. This is quite complex, and I won"t go into now.Manipulators are the way an object is manipulated. This generally is done by grippers, or effectors.Then there is locomotion to worry about. Do you have a flat surface that it will work on? Then it will probably be a rolling robot. It can be two wheels, four wheels, or on tracks.If there are stairs, or uneven terrain the problem becomes more complex. Walking is difficult to solve, especially if you compare it to how a human walks. If The robot has locomotion, I am assuming it is going from point A to point B. Does it need memory to get to point A and memory to get to point B? It will probably need something similar to radar to be used for crash avoidance.Scientists and researchers are constantly trying to hone the robot into something better.Robots make our life a lot easier. They are in every facet of our life. The computer, garage door opener, unmanned reconnaissance planes, satellites, lawn mowers, a GPS in our car. These are all of robots we we use every day and probably don"t think about it.As you can tell, robots can get very complex very quickly. The fancier you make it, the more compkex and expensive it becomes. You are trying to tell an inanimate object how to do something halfway human, and that is complex.2People who go all Lou Dobbs about robots. People say things like: All robots look alike. Robots should speak English. Robots are taking all the jobs. Robots don"t pay enough taxes. Robots reproduce like bunnies. I don"t want my child playing with a robot, or goodness gracious, marrying a robot.An acquaintance of mine, who discriminates against robots, but never actually met one, received a Roomba for Christmas "I pushed its power button," she said. "It was so cute when it sounded the "charge," and scurried across the floor gobbling up dust bunnies. I love Roomba," she said. "But I still don"t like robots." It is typical to think that your robot is somehow different from other robots. Those other robots can not be trusted.It may take another generation, one where our children are raised amongst robots, for them to gain acceptance. Like the washing machine and the automobile, robots are part of our future.It is true that robots can be hard to tell apart. I remember Sarah Connor in Terminator II. She damn near wet her pants when a series 800-Model 101 showed up, a few years after she"d sent its twin to the scrap heap. Given a little time, however, she got acquainted with the big, muscle-bound machine. She fantasized about keeping him on as dad and husband. After all, he got along well with the boy, was a good provider, and would stop at nothing to protect her family.Although robots are loyal and dependable, they do screw up once in a while. I"m thinking of HAL in 2001, A Space Odyssey. He definitely made a mistake of judgment. I still think he deserved a second chance? For every HAL, there are dozens of R2-D2"s and 3CPO"s. And that cute little WALL-E.Occasionally, there is a bad egg, like ED-209 in RoboCop. Or the Battle Droids in Star Wars. But are they worse than rottweilers and pit bulls? Surely, some of them can be rehabilitated, and make good pets.From an economic point of view, you can"t beat robots. They work day and night. They rarely call in sick. They add to the nation"s GDP, and don"t require pensions or health care. They are terrific with numbers and rarely have math anxiety. RoboDoc performs delicate surgeries 24/7 and he never gets the shakes.But, you ask, "What if they go into politics?" Will they impose their culture, their language, and their way of life on us? Forget about it. No one can resist Big Macs, vacations to Disneyland, and shopping at Walmart. This is America..Face it, robots are here to stay. They are willing to do ANYTHING. They make great maids and gardeners, sweepers and scrubbers, mowers and choppers. There are robots that care for the elderly, wash their dirty bottoms and soon perhaps, play Yahtzee with them. There are robots that imitate pets yet don"t require walks nor litter boxes. Even robots that"ll go the fridge, grab a cold beer, and bring it to you. If it"s eager to watch the Super Bowl, and play Wii Tennis, you got yourself a great roommate.As far as intermarriage with a robot, didn"t they try that in The Stepford Wives? Maybe it was just too soon.3Most of us are still of of the mindset that robotics is something that is rather futuristic. We still may have pictures in our head of humanoid robots, flailing their arms and either attacking the Earth from other planets or perhaps protecting us in some way or another. The fact of the matter is, humanoid robots are still very much futuristic but much of the future of robots is already in existence today. Robots are used in a number of different settings that you might find rather interesting. Here is a little bit about the future of robotics and the fact that much of it is already in existence with what we are doing now.One of the ways in which robots are most often used is in an industrial setting. The automotive industry, for example, makes use of robots on their assembly lines to do a number of different tasks. Unfortunately, this has put many individuals out of a job because the robot was able to do what they used to do on the assembly line more efficiently. Not only that, once the robot is put into place they are able to take care of these repetitive tasks, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.One of the ways in which robotics is used on a regular basis is in spot welding. Although this used to require a human touch, much of the welding that is now done by robots is so accurate and precise that a human could not possibly take care of it in that way. Many times, this welding needs to be done in an assembly line environment so the same simple task is done over and over again. It will be difficult for anybody to improve on what is already existing in these robotics unless they make them less apt to have difficulties from breaking down.Robots are also able to help us to get out of dangerous situations in many cases. A good example of this is spring painting. Humans used to have to take care of spray painting in the automotive industry and other industrial settings. This put them at risk because they were constantly being exposed to dangerous chemicals, even if they wore protective clothing. A robot is not only able to be in these rooms without having to worry about health concerns, they are able to do the painting more evenly and accurately than their human counterparts.Finally, robotics are often used in the development and building of computer chips. These chips are often too small for humans to work on themselves so if or not for the robotics that are put to use in these factories, much of the computer science that we have today would not be in existence. Although they will continue to improve on this and other things in the robotics industry, the fact of the matter is that the modern-day use of robotics is already futuristic.

琼斯太太没有丈夫,但是她有两个儿子。他们是伟大的球员,他们是强壮的男孩,但是懒惰。星期六,他们不去学校,然后他们的妈妈总是说:“请把草的花园,今天下午,男孩。”男孩子们不喜欢它,但是他们总是做了这件事。 然后有人给了一个男孩一本杂志,他们看到一幅美丽的lawn-mower。有一个座位上,有一个女人在座位上。 那男孩把画他的母亲和兄弟来,对他们说:“你看,女人的坐在lawn-mower和驾驶它和剪草坪。我们想要的。” “其中的lawn-mowers吗?”妈妈问。 “不,”男孩说。“我们想要的那些女人。然后她能割草,每星期。”

这个忒长点,给我200分我也不干

rage is a demon;rage is a poison;it is a beast inside rising you instinctive strength to conquer all standing in your way;it is a cyclone that can sweep all your sanity in a flesh and lay both ruins and regrets in your face;rage is dual-edge blade ;rage is a man;rage is a women;but it is more likely to be infant baby,which sleeps sound in the depth of your heart ,awaiting a summon from you to do what it is supposed to do!apease it in front of your beloved,wake it up before your enemys

一个ZERO-COUPON ZERO-COUPON债券pure-discount债券(亦称债券)是一种债券,没有支付到期。它的票面价值,这是支付到期,是综合还本付息和所有的兴趣超过了债券的生活。尽管差别,方程(51)可以用来值zero-coupon债券,或确定它的利率。 实例计算的Zero-Coupon J.C. Penney利率债券 有一个zero-coupon J.C. Penney将支付1000美元的债券,恰好在20年到期。债券卖178.43美元。它的利率是什么? 用方程(51),半年compounding6与尼共(2 = 0 这是解决这个r12,所以利率为4.40(= 2 8.8%[4.4])。 回顾 1。最近的债券报价提供了一个良好的债券的价值估计。你如何评估债券的价值吗? 2。什么是公平的价格有8%的国内债券的票面利率,必须返回的10%,恰好在4年到期? 3。什么是到期利率)吗?你如何计算呢?

　　我们日常生活中无时无刻不使用肢体语言交流，就像口头语言一样。　　我们有时动动眼皮，有时挥挥手，有时和人对视，或者立足远望，又或者在椅子上来回扭动。这些我们原本以为是偶然随即的动作在后来的岁月里被科学家证实其实他们和口头语言一样，都是可以被理解被同等对待的。　　每种文化都有不同的肢体语言，小孩子随着学会口头语言也潜移默化地接受了他所处环境当中较之其他文化不同的肢体语言。　　一个法国人走路谈吐带着浓郁的法国风情，一个英国人交叉着双腿的样子一定不同于一个美国人。对于美国人而言，当其口头语言用着将来时时态的时候，他的身体也往往做出向前推进的姿态。　　有一些有趣的故事是这样子的。有些专家能够通过一个人在对话中的眼皮子运动推测出她是不是weinsconsin州的人。你的性别，文化背景，社会阶层，个人风格统统都影响着你的肢体语言。　　通常来讲，肢体语言是为了表示你的口头言辞有多强烈，肢体语言通常地，而且十分有效地传递出去的是信息中包含着的情绪。　　当一个人感觉被喜欢或者被嫌弃的时候，常常都是因为他说话的方式，而不是他说了什么。　　心理学家Albert Mehrabian给出了一个公式：信息的冲击力=7%口头语言+38%肢体动作+15%脸部表情。　　人类行为学的专家们尚未打算开始认真研究肢体语言，因为，举个例子，当一个美国人搓鼻子的时候，有可能是因为他不喜欢一些东西或者他在拒绝一些东西。但是也有可能存在其他的一些因素导致他搓鼻子。　　或者，当一个学生在与导师的交谈过程中长时间地盯住老师的眼睛，这可能是出于一种尊敬，也有可能是出于一种对权威的挑战，也有可能是另外的一些原因。专家们不观察这些细小的肢体语言，而是力求在更广大的环境里建立更完善的关于肢体语言的体系。

整体感觉动物科学的比较冷门，而动物科学基础研究则更是冷门中的冷门，虽然国内地现状不容乐观，但是也应该看到在国外有很多的动物基础研究科学家正在做着非常出色地工作！多了解他们地研究情况，了解这个研究领域最前沿的人都在做什么，这是我们必须要做地。以下推荐几个自己搜集地一些动物学的SCI杂志：1. ACTA THERIOLOGICA QuarterlyISSN: 0001-7051POLISH ACAD SCIENCES, MAMMAL RESEARCH INST, BIALOWIEZA, POLAND, 17-2302. ACTA ZOOLOGICA QuarterlyISSN: 0001-7272BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD, P O BOX 88,OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, ENGLAND, OX2 0NE3. AFRICAN ZOOLOGY SemiannualISSN: 1562-7020ZOOLOGICAL SOC SOUTHERN AFRICA, AFRICAN ZOOLOGY CIRCULATION, OFFICE,, PO BOX 11663,PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA,00284. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY MonthlyISSN: 0275-2565WILEY-LISS, DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC,605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY, 10158-00125. AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST BimonthlyISSN: 0003-1569SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY, 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD,NO 402, MCLEAN, VA, 221016. AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA QuarterlyISSN: 0173-5373BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2,P O BOX 9000, LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS, 2300 PA7. ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR MonthlyISSN: 0003-3472ACADEMIC PRESS LTD, 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND, NW1 7DX8. ANIMAL LEARNING & BEHAVIOR QuarterlyISSN: 0090-4996PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC, 1710 FORTVIEW RD, AUSTIN, TX, 787049. ANIMAL WELFARE QuarterlyISSN: 0962-7286UNIV FEDERATION ANIMAL WELFARE, OLD SCHOOL, BREWHOUSE HILL, WHEATHAMPSTEAD, ENGLAND, AL4 8AN10. ANNALES ZOOLOGICI FENNICI QuarterlyISSN: 0003-455XFINNISH ZOOLOGICAL BOTANICAL PUBLISHING BOARD, P O BOX 17, UNIV HELSINKI, FINLAND, FIN-0001411. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY BimonthlyISSN: 0004-959XC S I R O PUBLISHING, 150 OXFORD ST,PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, AUSTRALIA, 306612. BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY BimonthlyISSN: 1045-2249OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, JOURNALS DEPT,2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC, 2751313. BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY MonthlyISSN: 0340-5443SPRINGER-VERLAG, 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY, 1001014. BEHAVIOUR BimonthlyISSN: 0005-7959BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2,P O BOX 9000, LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS, 2300 PA15. BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES MonthlyISSN: 0376-6357ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 1000 AE16. BELGIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY SemiannualISSN: 0777-6276SOCIETE ROYALE ZOOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, C/O PROF DR E SCHOCKAERT,DEPT SBG,LIMBURGS UNIVERSITAIR CENTRUMDIEPENBEEK,BELGIUM, B-359017. BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE ZOOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE QuarterlyISSN: 0037-962XSOC ZOOLOGIQUE FRANCE, INST OCEANOGRAPHIQUE, 195 RUE SAINT-JACQUES, PARIS, FRANCE, 7500518. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE MonthlyISSN: 0008-4301NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA, RESEARCH JOURNALS,MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, CANADA, K1A 0R619. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY MonthlyISSN: 1095-6433ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY, 1001020. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY MonthlyISSN: 1096-4959PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND, OX5 1GB21. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY MonthlyISSN: 1532-0456ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY, 1001022. COMPARATIVE MEDICINE BimonthlyISSN: 0023-6764AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE, 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN, 3812523. COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY SemiannualISSN: 1525-2647HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON, C/O ALLEN PRESS INC,1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS, 6604424. CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY IrregularISSN: 0067-8546S P B ACADEMIC PUBLISHING BV, PLATINASTRAAT 33, LELYSTAD, NETHERLANDS, 8211 AR25. COPEIA QuarterlyISSN: 0045-8511AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS, UNIV CHARLESTON,GRICE MARINE LABORATORY,205 FORT JOHNSON RDCHARLESTON, SC,2941226. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY BimonthlyISSN: 0145-305XPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND, OX5 1GB27. ETHOLOGY MonthlyISSN: 0179-1613BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH, KURFURSTENDAMM 57, BERLIN, GERMANY, D-1070728. ETHOLOGY ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION QuarterlyISSN: 0394-9370UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI FIRENZE, C/O PROF F DESSI-FULGHERI,VIA ROMANA 17, FLORENCE, ITALY, 5012529. FOLIA PRIMATOLOGICA BimonthlyISSN: 0015-5713KARGER, ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, BASEL, SWITZERLAND, CH-400930. FOLIA ZOOLOGICA QuarterlyISSN: 0139-7893INST VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY AS CR, KVETNA 8, BRNO, CZECH REPUBLIC, 603 6531. HERPETOLOGICA QuarterlyISSN: 0018-0831HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE, EMPORIA STATE UNIV,DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES,1200 COMMERCIAL STEMPORIA,KS, 66801-508732. HERPETOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS AnnualISSN: 0733-1347HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE, EMPORIA STATE UNIV,DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES,1200 COMMERCIAL STEMPORIA,KS, 66801-508733. ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH QuarterlyISSN: 1341-8998SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO, 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, JAPAN, 11334. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY BimonthlyISSN: 0164-0291KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY, 1001335. INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY QuarterlyISSN: 1077-8306AMER MICROSCOPICAL SOC, 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS, 66044-889736. INVERTEBRATE REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT QuarterlyISSN: 0168-8170INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS, PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT, ISRAEL, 7612037. INVERTEBRATE TAXONOMY BimonthlyISSN: 0818-0164C S I R O PUBLISHING, 150 OXFORD ST,PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, AUSTRALIA, 306638. ISRAEL JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY QuarterlyISSN: 0021-2210LASER PAGES PUBL LTD, MERKAZ SAPIR 6/36,GIVAT SHAUL, PO BOX 35409, JERUSALEM, ISRAEL, 9135239. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY BimonthlyISSN: 0021-8790BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD, P O BOX 88,OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, ENGLAND, OX2 0NE40. JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY WeeklyISSN: 0021-9967WILEY-LISS, DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC,605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY, 10158-001241. JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY MonthlyISSN: 0340-7594SPRINGER-VERLAG, 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY, 1001042. JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY BimonthlyISSN: 0174-1578SPRINGER-VERLAG, 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY, 1001043. JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY QuarterlyISSN: 0735-7036AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC, 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC, 20002-424244. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY SemiannualISSN: 0022-0019CONCHOLOG SOC GR BRIT IRELAND COURTAULD INST BIOCHEMISTRY, MIDDLESEX HOSP MEDICAL SCHOOL, RIDING HOUSE STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND, W1P 7PN45. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL BEHAVIOR PROCESSES QuarterlyISSN: 0097-7403AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC, 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC, 20002-424246. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY SemimonthlyISSN: 0022-104XWILEY-LISS, DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC,605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY, 10158-001247. JOURNAL OF HELMINTHOLOGY QuarterlyISSN: 0022-149XC A B I PUBLISHING, C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND, OX10 E48. JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY QuarterlyISSN: 0022-1511SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES, C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE,ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY,3507 LACLEDEST LOUIS, MO, 6310349. JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY BimonthlyISSN: 0022-2011ACADEMIC PRESS INC, 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA, 92101-449550. JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY QuarterlyISSN: 0022-2372AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS, BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT, 8460251. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY BimonthlyISSN: 0047-2565MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD, 35 NORRE SOGADE,PO BOX 2148, COPENHAGEN, DENMARK, DK-101652. JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES QuarterlyISSN: 0260-1230OXFORD UNIV PRESS, GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND, OX2 6DP53. JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY QuarterlyISSN: 0022-300XSOC NEMATOLOGISTS, 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL, 33801-707254. JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY BimonthlyISSN: 0306-4565PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND, OX5 1GB55. JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT QuarterlyISSN: 0022-541XWILDLIFE SOC, 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD, 20814-219756. JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGICAL SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTIONARY RESEARCH QuarterlyISSN: 0947-5745BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH, KURFURSTENDAMM 57, BERLIN, GERMANY, D-1070757. JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY MonthlyISSN: 0952-8369CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY, 10011-422158. LABORATORY ANIMALS QuarterlyISSN: 0023-6772ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD, 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND, W1M 8AE59. MALACOLOGIA SemiannualISSN: 0076-2997INST MALACOL, 2415 SOUTH CIRCLE DR, ANN ARBOR, MI, 4810360. MAMMAL REVIEW QuarterlyISSN: 0305-1838BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD, P O BOX 88,OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, ENGLAND, OX2 0NE61. 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RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY SemiannualISSN: 0217-2445NATL UNIV SINGAPORE, SCHOOL BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, DEPT ZOOLOGY,KENT RIDGE, SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE, 051169. REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT BimonthlyISSN: 1031-3613C S I R O PUBLISHING, 150 OXFORD ST,PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, AUSTRALIA, 306670. REPRODUCTION NUTRITION DEVELOPMENT BimonthlyISSN: 0926-5287E D P SCIENCES, 7, AVE DU HOGGAR,PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF,BP 112LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE, F-9194471. REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE QuarterlyISSN: 0035-418XMUSEUM HISTOIRE NATURELLE, CASE POSTALE 6434,ATTNENISE MAIERADMN REV SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIEGENEVA 6, SWITZERLAND, CH-L21172. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY SemiannualISSN: 0869-6918MYLNEFIELD RESEARCH SERVICES, INVERGOWRIE, DUNDEE, SCOTLAND, DD2 5DA73. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH QuarterlyISSN: 0379-4369SOUTHERN AFRICAN WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT ASSOC, P O BOX 217, BLOUBERGSTRAND, SOUTH AFRICA, 743774. 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ZOOLOGICAL STUDIES QuarterlyISSN: 1021-5506ACAD SINICA INST ZOOLOGY, EDITORIAL OFFICE, TAIPEI, TAIWAN, 11583. ZOOLOGICHESKY ZHURNAL MonthlyISSN: 0044-5134MEZHDUNARODNAYA KNIGA, 39 DIMITROVA UL., MOSCOW, RUSSIA, 11309584. ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER QuarterlyISSN: 0044-5231URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG, BRANCH OFFICE JENA,P O BOX 100537, JENA, GERMANY, D-0770585. ZOOLOGY-ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS QuarterlyISSN: 0944-2006URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG, BRANCH OFFICE JENA,P O BOX 100537, JENA, GERMANY, D-0770586. ZOOMORPHOLOGY BimonthlyISSN: 0720-213XSPRINGER-VERLAG, 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY, 10010

在此特指的啦.

　　学生在阅读英语 文章 的过程中,为了适应不同的阅读目的,应该采取不同的阅读方式。下面是我带来的一篇800词的文章英语，欢迎阅读!　　一篇800词的文章英语精选 　　Develop Your Own Helping Rituals 　 伸出你的友爱之手 　　If you want your life to stand for peace and kindness, it"s helpful to do kind, peaceful things. One of my favorite ways to do this is by developing my own helping rituals. These little acts of kindness are opportunities to be of service and reminders of how good it feels to be kind and helpful. 　　如采你想让自己的生活安宁祥和，最好做一些友善平和的事情。我最喜欢的一种方式是培养自己乐于助人的习惯。这些小小的善行让你有机会去帮助别人，让你意识到待人友善、乐于助人的感觉有多好。 　　We live in a rural area of the San Francisco Bay Area. Most of what we see is beauty and nature. One of the exceptions to the beauty is the little that some people throw out of their windows as they are driving on the rural roads. One of the few drawbacks to living out the boondocks is that public services, such as litter collection, are less available than they are closer to the city. 　　我们住在旧金山圣弗朗西斯科湾地区的郊外。我们眼睛所看到的几乎都是美丽的自然风光。与这美景不太和谐的是有人驱车行驶在乡间小路上时随手从车窗往外扔垃圾。而居住在这种偏远的地方的一个缺点就是缺少必要的公共服务，例如，泣圾的收集就不如靠近市区那样方便。 　　A helping ritual that I practice regularly with my two children is picking up litter in our surrounding area. We"ve become so accustomed to doing this that my daughters will often say to me in animated voices, "There"s some litter, Daddy, stop the car! " And if we have lime, we will often pull over and pick it up. It may seem strange, but we actually enjoy it. We pick up litter in parks, on sidewalks, practically anywhere. Once I even saw a complete stranger picking up litter close to where we live. He smiled at me and said, "I saw you doing it, and it seemed like a good idea." 　　我跟我的两个孩子经常做的一件事就是捡拾我们周围地区的泣圾。对此我们已经习以为常，我的女儿们经常会兴奋地对我说爸爸，这儿有泣圾，请停一下车!"只要时间来得及，我们总是将车开到路边并将垃圾捡起来。这似乎有点不可思议，但我们真的喜欢这样做。我们在公园里，人行道上，几乎任何地方捡拾拉圾。曾经有一次，我在我们家附近看到一位陌生人在捡垃圾。他笑着对我说我看到你这么做了，看来是个好主意。" 　　Picking up litter is only one of endless supplies of possible helping rituals. You might like holding a door open for people, visiting lonely elderly people in nursing homes, or，shoveling snow off someone else"s driveway. Think of something that seems effortless yet helpful. It"s fun, personally rewarding, and sets a good example. Everyone wins. 　　捡垃圾只不过是无数善意行为中的一种形式而已。你可以为别人开门，或者去敬老院看望那些孤独的老人，或者清除行车道上的积雪。大家总会想出一些似乎毫不费力但又非常有益的事情。这真的很有趣，自己会感觉很好，也为别人树立了榜样。每个人都会从中受益。 　　一篇800词的文章 英语阅读 　　In Life We are Happiest When... 　　生活中，我们最幸福时 　　A man and his girlfriend were married. It was a large celebration. 　　一个男士和他的女朋友结婚，并举行了一场盛大的结婚庆典。 　　All of their friends and family came to see the lovely ceremony and to partake of the festivities and celebrations. All had a wonderful time. 　　所有的朋友和家人都来到结婚典礼上参加欢宴和庆抗活动。大家都过得很开心。 　　The bride was white wedding gown and the groom was very dashing in his black tuxedo. Everyone could tell that the love they had for each other was true. 　　穿着白色婚纱的新娘漂亮迷人，穿着黑色礼服的新郎英俊潇洒。每个人都能看出他们彼此的爱是真诚的。 　　A few months later, the wife came to the husband with a proposal, "I read in a magazine, a while ago, about how we can strengthen our marriage," she offered. "Each of us will write a list of the things that we find a bit annoying with the other person. Then， we can talk about how we can fix them together and make our lives happier together... 　　几个月后，妻子走近丈夫提议说我刚才在杂志上看到一篇文章，说的是怎样巩固婚姻。"她说我们两个人都各自把对方的小毛病列在一张纸上，然后我们商量一下怎样解决，以便使我们的生活更幸福。 " 　　The husband agreed. So each of them went to a separate room in the house and thought of the things that annoyed them about the other. They thought about this question for the rest of the day and wrote down what they came up with. 　　丈夫同意了。于是他们各自走向不同的房间去想对方的缺点。那一天余下的时间里，他们都在思考这个问题，并且把他们想到的都写下来。 　　The next morning, at the breakfast table, they decided that they would go over their lists. 　　第二天早上，吃早饭的时候，他们决定谈谈彼此的缺点。 　　"I"ll start," offered the wife. She took out her list. It had many items on it, enough to fill 3 pages. In fact, as she started reading the list of the little annoyances she noticed that tears were starting 10 appear in her husband"s eyes. 　　"我先开始吧。"妻子说。她拿出她的单子，上面列举了很多条，事实上，足足写满了三页。当她开始念的时候，她注意到丈夫眼里含着泪花。 　　"What"s wrong? she asked. "Nothing," the husband replied, "keep reading your list." 　　"怎么啦?她问。"没什么"丈夫答道，"继续念吧。" 　　The wife continued to read until she had read all three pages to her husband. She neatly placed her list on the table and folded her hands over the top of it."Now, you read your list and then we"ll talk about the things on both of our lists," she said happily. 　　妻子又接着念。整整三页都念完之后她把单子整齐地放在桌上，两手交叉放在上面。"现在该你念了，然后我们谈谈所列举的缺点。"她高兴地说。 　　Quietly the husband slated, "I don"t have anything on my list. I think that you are perfect the way that you are. I don"t want you to change anything for me. You are lovely and wonderful and I wouldn"t want to try and change anything about you. 　　丈夫平静地说："我什么也没写，我觉得像你这样就很完美了，我不想让你为我改变什么。你很可爱迷人，我不想让你改变。 " 　　The wife, touched by his honesty and the depth of his love for her and his acceptance of her, turned her head and wept. 　　妻子被丈夫的诚实和对她深深的爱和接纳感动了，她转过头去哭起来。 　　In life, there are enough times when we are disappointed, depressed and annoyed. We don"t really have to go looking for them. We have a wonderful world that is full of beauty, light and 　　promise. Why waste time in this world looking for the bad, disappointing or annoying when we can look around us, and see the wondrous things before us? 　　生命中我们有很多的失望、沮丧和烦恼，我们根本不需要寻找。我们美妙的世界充满了美丽、光明、希望。但是，当我们放眼四周时，为什么浪费时间寻找不快、失望和烦恼，而看不到我们面前的美好事物呢? 　　一篇800词的文章 英语学习 　　The Old Man who Plant Oak 　　种橡树的老人 　　A young traveler was exploring the Alps. He came upon a vast stretch of barren land. It was desolate. It was the kind of place you hurry away from. 　　一个年轻的旅行者在阿尔卑斯山探险。他来到一块一望无际的不毛之池，那里荒无人烟，那是一种让人急欲离开的地方。 　　Then, suddenly, the young traveler stopped dead in his tracks. In the middle of this vast wasteland was a bent-over old man. On his back was a sack of acorn. In his hand was a four-foot length of iron pipe. 　　后来，年轻的旅行者突然停住了脚步。只见辽阔的荒地中央一位老人正在弯腰播种。他背着一大袋橡子，手里拿着一根4英尺长的铁管。 　　The old man was using the iron pipe to punch holes in the ground. Then from the sack he would take an acorn and put it in the hole. Later the old man told the traveler, "I"ve planted 100,000 acorns. Perhaps only tenth of them will grow." The old man"s wife and son had died, and this was how he chose to spend his final years. "I want to do something useful," he said. 　　老人用那根铁管在地上打洞，然后从袋子里掏出一颗橡子，放进洞里。后来，老人告诉那个旅行者我已经种了10万颗橡子。大概只有十分之一的橡子能够成长。"老人的妻儿都已经死去，而这就是他选择度过晚年的一种方式。"我想做一些有意义的事儿他说。 　　Twenty-five years later the now-not-as-young traveler returned to the same place. What he saw amazed him. He could not believe his own eyes. The land was covered with a beautiful forest with two miles wide and five miles long. Birds were singing, animals were playing, and wild flowers Perfumed the air. 　　25年后，那个已不再年轻的旅行者又故地重游。而眼前的情景象却让他惊叹不已。他无法相信自己的眼睛。那块土地覆盖上了5英里长，2英里宽的美丽森林。那里，小鸟歌唱，动物嬉戏，野花飘香。 　　The traveler stood there recalling the desolation that once was; a beautiful oak forest stood there now - all because someone cared. 　　旅行者站在那里，回忆着它以前的荒凉;一片美丽的橡树林现在之所以耸立在那里，都是因为某个人的关心啊。

Symbolism is the systematic or creative use of arbitrary symbols as abstracted representations of concepts or objects and the distinct relationships in between, as they define both context and the narrower definition of terms. In a narrow context, "symbolism" is the applied use of any iconic representations which carry particular conventional meanings.The term "symbolism" is often limited to use in contrast to "representationalism"; defining the general directions of a linear spectrum wherin all symbolic concepts can be viewed in relation, and where changes in context may imply systemic changes to individual and collective definitions of symbols. "Symbolism" may refer to a way of choosing representative symbols inline with abstract rather than literal properties, allowing for the broader interpretation of a carried meaning than more literal concept-representations allow.All forms of language are innately symbolic, and any system of symbols can form a "language;" at the minimum using only two arbitrary symbols in a binary system. Human language is based in the use of phonemes as representative symbols, and the analogous written forms are typically deferential to the phoneme. The written word is therefore symbolically representative of both the symbolic phoneme and directly to the cognitive concept which it represents. The field of cognitive linguistics explores the cognitive process and relationships between different systems of phonetic symbols to indicate deeper processes of symbolic cognition. Many cultures have developed complex symbolic systems, often referred to as a symbolic system which assign certain attributes to specific things, such as types of animals, plants or weather.A religion can be described as a language of concepts related to human spirituality. Symbolism hence is an important aspect of most religions.The interpretation of abstract symbols has had an important role in religion and psychoanalysis. As envisioned by Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, symbols are not the creations of mind, but rather are distinct capacities within the mind to hold a distinct piece of information. In the mind, the symbol can find free association with any number of other symbols, can be organized in any number of ways, and can hold the connected meanings between symbols as symbols in themselves. Jung and Freud diverged on the issue of common cognitive symbol systems and whether they could exist only within the individual mind or among other minds; whether any cognitive symbolism was defined by innate symbolism or by influence of environment.In literature, "symbolism" may refer to the use of abstract concepts, as a way to obfuscate any literal interpretation, or to allow for the broader applicability of the prose to meanings beyond what may be literally described. Many writers—in fact, most or all authors of fiction—make the symbolic use of concepts and objects as rhetorical devices central to the meaning of their works. Joseph Conrad and James Joyce, for example, used symbolism extensively, to represent themes which applied to greater contexts in their contemporary politics and society.

分类: 教育/科学 >> 外语学习 问题描述: 文章中运用symboli *** 的好处（英文），谢谢 解析: Symboli *** is the systematic or creative use of arbitrary symbols as abstracted representations of concepts or objects and the distinct relationships in beeen, as they define both context and the narrower definition of terms. In a narrow context, "symboli *** " is the applied use of any iconic representations which carry particular conventional meanings. The term "symboli *** " is often limited to use in contrast to "representationali *** "; defining the general directions of a linear spectrum wherin all symbolic concepts can be viewed in relation, and where changes in context may imply systemic changes to individual and collective definitions of symbols. "Symboli *** " may refer to a way of choosing representative symbols inline with abstract rather than literal properties, allowing for the broader interpretation of a carried meaning than more literal concept-representations allow. All forms of language are innately symbolic, and any system of symbols can form a "language;" at the minimum using only o arbitrary symbols in a binary system. Human language is based in the use of phonemes as representative symbols, and the *** ogous written forms are typically deferential to the phoneme. The written word is therefore symbolically representative of both the symbolic phoneme and directly to the cognitive concept which it represents. The field of cognitive linguistics explores the cognitive process and relationships beeen different systems of phoic symbols to indicate deeper processes of symbolic cognition. Many cultures have developed plex symbolic systems, often referred to as a symbolic system which assign certain attributes to specific things, such as types of animals, plants or weather.A religion can be described as a language of concepts related to human spirituality. Symboli *** hence is an important aspect of most religions. The interpretation of abstract symbols has had an important role in religion and psycho *** ysis. As envisioned by Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, symbols are not the creations of mind, but rather are distinct capacities within the mind to hold a distinct piece of information. In the mind, the symbol can find free association with any number of other symbols, can be anized in any number of ways, and can hold the connected meanings beeen symbols as symbols in themselves. Jung and Freud diverged on the issue of mon cognitive symbol systems and whether they could exist only within the individual mind or among other minds; whether any cognitive symboli *** was defined by innate symboli *** or by influence of environment. In literature, "symboli *** " may refer to the use of abstract concepts, as a way to obfuscate any literal interpretation, or to allow for the broader applicability of the prose to meanings beyond what may be literally described. Many writers—in fact, most or all authors of fiction—make the symbolic use of concepts and objects as rhetorical devices central to the meaning of their works. Joseph Conrad and James Joyce, for example, used symboli *** extensively, to represent themes which applied to greater contexts in their contemporary politics and society.