语用学有哪些理论呢中英文的 具体点

语用学从语言使用者角度出发,借助语境进行意义研究是对传统语义学的发展和补充.这一研究的必要性可以从语言的两种基本功能上看出来.一方面,语言具备对外部世界的信息进行编码表述认知或人类情感的功能(representational function).在这个过程中,语言元素与外部世界建立起一定的关系.这一层次上的意义研究可以不依赖语境,其研究对象一般仅限于字面意义或独立于语境之外的意义.另一方面,语言又具备交际功能(communicational function).作为一种交际工具,语言使得人与人之间在一定的情景中顺利交往并达到预期的目的.由于人类之间的交往总是与一定的文化或社会环境相关,在这一层次上的意义研究不仅要涉及语言的字面意义,还要将许多语言之外的错综复杂的因素纳入研究范围.传统语义学的意义研究也是必不可少的,因为语言作为交际工具首先是因为它可以表达对于该语言的使用者来说约定俗成的意义(规约意义),以区别于间接言语行为或会话含义等语用意义(pragmatic meaning).没有这种基本的规约意义,在多数情况下是无法进行交际的.实际上,许多语用学家在强调语用意义的研究时,并不完全忽视规约意义的研究.在一定程度上,语言的规约意义对于交际者来说是交际意图的载体(carrier)或始发点(point of departure),对于理论研究者来说,它是其理论的基点(theoretical ground)或联络种种语用学理论派别的纽带.因此,语义学研究对于语用学研究的补充作用也是毋庸置疑的.列文森(Levinson)评论道：意义的特性决定了一种混合的研究势在必行.只有语义学与语用学通力协作,两者才能建立起相对等质和系统的体系.我们可以借用加兹达(Gazdar)的著名等式来表达语用学与语义学的这种互补关系：Pragmatics=Meaning-Truth condition.

一、填空
1.合作原则和礼貌原则
2.发泄和压抑
3.求同准则
二、判断
1.错
2.错
3.对
4.错
5.对

是语用学范畴

Since l970s, from the perspective of pragmatics of politeness phenomena have done a lot of research, published many thoughtful research results, this paper puts forward some wealthy effect of politeness theory. So far, the research of politeness is the most influential strange based on conversational maxims put forward with the politeness principle and brown and based on the face of the concept of levinson conversational implication "face management theory" or "face preservation theory". In discussing pragmatics concept, richie special emphasis on the function of context, but the politeness principle and pragmatic hierarchy is out of context, the key lies in the discourse of propositional content and expressions. He thinks discourse content by loss and whist decision, but the words of expression is refers to direct language and indirect language. This paper argues that propositional content and expression way at most can only decide language politeness, cannot decide discourse polite. Politeness is absolute, language from the context, do not have communicative price: discourse politeness is relative and dependent upon context, with communication value. Discourse polite absoluteness is opposite; Discourse polite relativity is absolute.
Pragmatic distance principle can be reasonably explain language use phenomenon, and solved the pragmatic circles long exist some fuzzy theoretical question, because mutual communication between the pragmatic distance, they are not necessarily the same in concrete communication process is sometimes polite (i.e. no manners or impolite). Politeness is communication between the two words of pragmatic distance is based on. Pragmatic distance principle that language manners in specific communication is also very important. Communication with a certain topic with the other communication, sensation and infers the with each other between the pragmatic intimate degree low, then language is necessary, but not polite particularly important. Discourse polite pragmatic distance principle requires us to best use polite language, so that the most effectively completed the current communication tasks. This paper is the tenet of lies
1.2 pragmatic distance characteristics
Discourse polite pragmatic distance principle, there are two basic concepts, Pragmatic distance and discourse polite. So-called pragmatic distance, refers to the communicators in specific events, with the aid of communication special language expression expression of each other's intimate degree. Any communicative behavior which used in the discourse are reflects communication between the two sides pragmatic distance. Pragmatic distance can be divided into former pragmatic distance and pragmatic application distance. Former pragmatic distance is communication occurs before by the communicator between presumption of perception and the pragmatic distance, Communicative language using distance is to point to in specific communication events in expressing the pragmatic to each other at a distance.
Pragmatic distance has two basic characteristics: changeability and can be the co ultation sex. So-called variability, refers to the pragmatic distance is constantly changing and not constant. Even in particular communication process, pragmatic distance rarely in constant state. So-called can the co ultation sex, refers to the pragmatic distance in verbal communication is can have a mutual communication consultation. Variability and co ultation sex pragmatic distance of distinctive features -- pragmatic distance and interpersonal relations and social distance between differences

International Pragmatics Conference
是2009年7月8号召开的吧?
刚又看了下,你说的瑞典那是第10届,今年已经第11届了.相信我,没错的,我就是这个专业的.
下面是会议官方主页

不对,很多语法错误,改成：
Actually pragmatics is a study of ability, with which one employ words and make sentences by using grammatical rules under various linguistic context.

The study on pragmatics of Chinese-English vocabulary of courtesy

顺应论原本是生物进化中的一个概念,其被作为一个视角引用语用学研究,便出现了语言顺应论.
Adaptation is the evolution of a concept, it is as a point of view quotation with study, there is a language adaptation.
从顺应出发,语言使用被看作是发话人与不断做出选择的过程.
Embarks from the adaptation, language use is seen as a caller and the constant process of choice.
维索尔伦在其著作Understanding Pragmatic 中强调所有的语言使用和语言理解都是为顺应而不断做出选择的过程.
D Saul Aaron in his book Understanding of Pragmatic emphasis on all language use and language comprehension is to comply with the constant process of choice.
选择既在语言结构层面发生,也在策略层面上展开.
Choose both occur in the structure of language level, also at the strategy level.
选择的过程是语境和语言选择二者相互顺应的动态过程,在这个过程中,语言使用者对交际过程的意识程度通过语言选择突显出来.
Selection is the process of context and language selection both the dynamic process of mutual adaptation in the process, the language user's consciousness in the communication process is highlighted by language choice.
整个选择的过程要受到交际者的主观意识,语言内部因素的制约,有时候是一种自动的,无意识的行动.
The whole selection process by the communicator's subjective consciousness, language is the restriction of internal factors, sometimes is a kind of automatic, unconscious action.
人们之所以能够在使用语言的过程中不断进行选择,是因为语言具有三个特性：变异性,商讨性和顺应性.
People are able to in the process of language use is to choose, because of the language has three properties: variability, discuss and compliance.
其中顺应性是语言使用的核心.
The compliance is the core of language use.
语言的顺应性要从一下四个方面去理语境关系顺应,结构客体顺应,动态顺应和顺应过程中的凸显程度.
Language of compliance from the four aspects to understand: contextual correlates, structural objects of adaptability, in the process of dynamic adaptation and comply with the highlight.
所谓语境关系的顺应,即指顺应语境,在进行语言交流中以交际环境为着眼点进行语言的选择.
So-called adaptation relationship of context, context, namely adaptation to communicative environment in language communication as a starting point for the choice of language.
语言结构的顺应指以下几个方面对语言所作的选择: 语言、语码、语体( 风格) 、话语构建成分、话语和语段类型以及话语构建原则.
Language structure adaptation refers to the choice of language to make the following several aspects: language, code, style (style), word building component, the types of discourse and discourse and discourse construction principles.
交际者须选择双方都理解的合适语言, 根据交际对象与场景, 选择不同的语码( 地域方言、语言变体、行业用语、集团用语) , 这里涉及到语码转换.
Communicator must choose appropriate for both sides to understand the language, according to the communication object and scenes, choose a different code (regional dialect, the language variants, trade terms, group), here involves the code-switching.
话语构建成分指语音结构、词汇、句法结构、命题以及超句单位等,这也是要求顺应语言结构本身.
Discourse to construct composition refers to the structure of voice, vocabulary, syntax structure, the proposition and super sentence unit, which is conformance to the language structure itself.
维索尔伦认为, 话语意义是动态生成的, 那么与意义生成密切相关的语境和结构顺应也应具有动态性, 这就是顺应的动态性.
D sol thought, discourse is generated dynamically, so closely related to meaning generation context and structure to also should be dynamic, it is adapt to dynamic.
这种动态性涉及: 语言使用的时间维度;
The dynamics involved: language use time dimension;
语境维度;
Contextual dimensions;
语篇的结构特征.
Structure characteristics of the discourse.
而顺应过程中的凸显意识则是涉及了语言心理学.
And comply with the consciousness of highlight is involved in the process of psychology of language.
当谈话者在进行语言的选择过程中,会根据谈话的目的,选择语言来凸显这一核心,已达到预期的交际目的.
When the speaker on the choice of language in the process, according to the purpose of the conversation, choose language to highlight the core, has reached the expected communication purpose.
顺应论主张语言的交际就是一个不断进行语言选择的过程,而这恰好与翻译不谋而合,很多学者试图找到顺应论与翻译的结合点,以便能够好的做好翻译的工作.
Adaptation theory argues that language communication is a process of ongoing language choice, and this happens to coincide with the translation, many scholars tried to find combining site, adaptation and translation so that you can good to do a good job of translation.

speech act ;gemeinsam planen ;normaufhebung;symetrische

言语行为理论、语用原则、指示预设、会话含义、语境篇章、关联与顺应理论等

语用学 （来源:语用学 南丰公益书院 ）
语言学、哲学和心理学的一个分支学科,研究脉络如何影响人运用和理解语言.语用学分析研究影响语言行为（如招呼、回答、应酬、劝说）的标准和支配轮流发言的规则.语用学还研究语言用於成事的方式.例如,「我允诺」用於特定语境中就是允诺.
语用学 yǔyòngxué
[pragmatics] 符号学的一个分支,研究符号或语言词句与其使用之间的关系.

语用学里的内容

是的,合作原则和礼貌原则是语用学的两个基本原则,尽管有其自身的缺陷,但是在解释语言现象等方面仍不失其经典型.几年来,语言学家提出了各种不同的原则对其进行补充和完善,如顺应论和目的原则等.

可以解释为：什么节目也没看.也可以是：没有什么好看的节目.

为你提供正确的专业译文：
An important principle on theoretical cooperation in linguistics was put forward by the philosopher Grice,but the principle on conversational cooperation itself was not perfect.It was later reinforced and supplemented with the etiquette principle set out by G.N.Leech,a famous British linguist.But in everyday conversation,we still find cases of communication which violate these two principles.Base on a study of the impact of the two principles on English conversation,this paper proposes steps to address such violations and to correctly coordinate and apply these principles for communication to ensure normal,smooth and the most effective conduct of language communication between people.

the application of the theory of pragmatics in the advertisement
the比较多,没办法,作为一个名词性短语就是如此,如果用作动词短语会好些
apply the theory of pragmatics in the advertisement
将语用学理论运用中广告中去

如果说语言学诸学科里最重要的六个,应该是：
1、语音学
2、音位学（也叫音系学）
3、语义学
4、句法学
5、语用学
6、形态学

例如,This gift is given to me by my mother、这件礼物是被我妈妈送给我的,意译便是这件礼物是妈妈给我的.我觉得还是在实际句子中体味比较容易理解.多做被动语态的题目,语感自然就出来了.