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写出同类单词附中文: I‘m hungry . I want some cakes, ( ) ( ) ( ) and ( )

2023-06-25 07:13:30
共2条回复
里论外几

I"m hungry. I want some cakes,(bread),(beef),(chips) and (milk).

我很饿,我想要一些蛋糕,面包,牛肉,薯条和牛奶。

康康map

I"m hungry. I want some cakes, chicks, penises, dildos and vaginas.

我饿了。我想要一些蛋糕,鸡肉,土司,番茄和糕点。

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发音为“皮呢斯”的单词是什么意思

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阴茎的英文怎么写

Penis,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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penis是什么意思?

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How many penises do you have?

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请问,Love-muscle是什么意思,谢谢

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各位大侠,帮帮忙啊,急求关于老虎和狮子的资料,只要英文的。

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不求回报电影中经典台词10句

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MC光光on freestyle歌词

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  英语开场白【一】   既然是英语课,就应该有一个“带有英语”的开场白。走进教室后,我一边招手一边面带笑容的用英语和学生说“Hello! Boys andgirls!”   并简单介绍“Iu2019m your new English teacher.You can call me MissYan"然后互相用”Hello!"打招呼,这个时候学生还有些胆怯,不能完全放开,我就竖起大拇指略微夸张的表扬他们:"Verygood!"“Hownice!"进一步打消他们对英语的畏惧感,并且让学生在第一时间领略到英语的风采。   虽然很多英语学生不能听懂,但是学生越是听不懂,就越想知道是什么意思,这样就越能激发学生对英语的好奇和兴趣。   当然,需要注意的是,教师也不能只顾着展示“风采”,不管学生是否明白,这样,时间一长,学生就会觉得疲劳、索然无味。因此,教师在说的"同时要配以相应的体态语言,帮助学生理解意思。总而言之,第一节英语课必须用英语作为开场白,激发学生学习的欲望。   英文讲课开场白【二】   Opening Statement   mr. chairman, senator thurmond, members of the committee, my name is anita f. hill, and i am a professor of law at the university of oklahoma. i was born on a farm in okmulgee county, oklahoma, in 1956. i am the youngest of 13 children. i had my early education in okmulgee county. my father, albert hill, is a farmer in that area. my mother"s name is irma hill. she is also a farmer and a housewife.   my childhood was one of a lot of hard work and not much money, but it was one of solid family affection, as represented by my parents. i was reared in a religious atmosphere in the baptist faith, and i have been a member of the antioch baptist church in tulsa, oklahoma, since 1983. it is a very warm part of my life at the present time.   for my undergraduate work, i went to oklahoma state university and graduated from there in 1977. i am attaching to this statement a copy of my resume for further details of my education.   i graduated from the university with academic honors and proceeded to the yale law school, where i received my jd degree in 1980. upon graduation from law school, i became a practicing lawyer with the washington, dc, firm of ward, hardraker, and ross.   in 1981, i was introduced to now judge thomas by a mutual friend. judge thomas told me that he was anticipating a political appointment, and he asked if i would be interested in working with him. he was, in fact, appointed as assistant secretary of education for civil rights. after he had taken that post, he asked if i would become his assistant, and i accepted that position.   in my early period there, i had two major projects. the first was an article i wrote for judge thomas" signature on the education of minority students. the second was the organization of a seminar on high-risk students which was abandoned because judge thomas transferred to the eeoc where he became the chairman of that office.   during this period at the department of education, my working relationship with judge thomas was positive. i had a good deal of responsibility and independence. i thought he respected my work and that he trusted my judgment. after approximately three months of working there, he asked me to go out socially with him.   what happened next and telling the world about it are the two most difficult things -- experiences of my life. it is only after a great deal of agonizing consideration and sleeplenumber -- a great number of sleeplenights tha(t i amable to talk of these unpleasant matters to anyone but my close friends.   i declined the invitation to go out socially with him and explained to him that i thought it would jeopardize what at the time i considered to be a very good working relationship. i had a normal social life with other men outside of the office. i believed then, as now, that having a social relationship with a person who was supervising my work would be ill-advised. i was very uncomfortable with the idea and told him so.   i thought that by saying no and explaining my reasons my employer would abandon his social suggestions. however, to my regret, in the following few weeks, he continued to ask me out on several occasions. he pressed me to justify my reasons for saying no to him. these incidents took place in his office or mine. they were in the form of private conversations which would not have been overheard by anyone else.   my working relationship became even more strained when judge thomas began to use work situations to discuse-x. on these occasions, he would call me into his office for reports on education issues and projects, or he might suggest that, because of the time pressures of his schedule, we go to lunch to a government cafeteria. after a brief discussion of work, he would turn the conversation to a discussion of se-xual matters.   his conversations were very vivid. he spoke about acts that he had seen in pornographic films involving such matters as women having se-x with animals and films showing group se-x or rape scenes. he talked about pornographic materials depicting individuals with large penises or large breasts involved in various se-x acts. on several occasions, thomas told me graphically of his own se-xual prowess.   because i was extremely uncomfortable talking about se-x with him at all and particularly in such a graphic way, i told him that i did not want to talk about these subjects. i would also try to change the subject to education matters or to nonse-xual personal matters such as his background or his beliefs. my efforts to change the subject were rarely successful.   throughout the period of these conversations, he also from time to time asked me for social engagements. my reaction to these conversations was to avoid them by eliminating opportunities for us to engage in extended conversations. this was difficult because at the time i was his only assistant at the office of education -- or of   fice for civil rights.
2023-06-25 03:57:101

谁能帮忙写个题目为《all man are born equal》的英语作文?

all man are born equal As it is written in every civil country"s constitution, everyone is equal, no matter whether they"re healthy or unhealthy, black or white, men or women. First, I want to say that disabled people are equal to normal people. We should not look down on them. It"s not their fault for being disabled; they were created this way or some accidents tool their abilities away. Despite all the inconveniences they face, the} can also achieve success if they are recognized and respected as equal and given equal chances. Helen Keller, a famous American writer, was a person that I"ve always looked up to. She was born blind, deaf and mute, thus she could not see or hear or learn to speak. She was treated like an animal in a complete darkness and loneliness when she was young, until one day, Miss Ann Sullivan, a teacher from Boston, came to her, loved her with all her heart, taught her and helped her to succeed. And Helen accomplished so many things that even normal people couldn"t with the help of Ann. So why don"t we all lend a hand to those who are in need of our help, instead of looking down upon them? Remember that we"re equal. Second, black people are equal to white people. There was a sad time in history when blacks were used as animal labor, sepa-rated from their parents or children, traded and shipped in filthy ships to places unknown but dreadful to them. But that was so unfair and wrong! They"re really not "black meat "as they were called. They are human beings with feelings and emotions and in-telligence like every one of us and every white person! Look, who is Secretary General of the UN today? Doesn"t Mr. Kofi Annan work just as well as or even better than white people? The great black movement leader, Martin Luther King Jr. once said, "I have a dream, that one day, on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to join hands and sit at the table of brotherhood. " It is also my dream that people will no longer be concerned by their petty dif-ferences and stand on equal ground! Last, I want to say that women are equal to men. If there is anyone who would argue that men are superior to women, please let him answer why there has never been a male scientist in human history to do a better job than Madam Curie who won the Nobel Prize twice? We have to admit that men and women are different and good at different things. But that"s it, and that has nothing to do with who is better or who is worse. We should all see this truth. Today we still need to make more efforts to realize this. Only in this way will we make this world a much much better family for all of us! ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ -------- why it"s better to be a woman Several months ago, my friend Chip wrote an essay entitled, Why It"s Better to Be a Man . While it included a few convincing arguments (men don"t have to carry purses; men have less to shave), I was disappointed he could only come up with 10 reasons. After all the time I"ve spent listening to men rave about their units — not to mention enduring the phallic homages played out in skyscrapers, modern art and heavy metal — you would think there would be more than 10 lousy reasons. I can think of 10 reasons not to long for what the boys got: 1. Women Get to Wait in Line at Public Restrooms This might seem like an argument for the opposite camp, but think of the times you"ve been at a baseball game or monster truck pull having a perfectly miserable time with a male companion. By excusing yourself to stand on line at the biffy, you were reunited with many of your own gender, and as you inched forward, flush after flush, you began to talk — really talk — with these women (shared discomfort creates deep trust and mutual understanding). By the time you made it to the stall you were hugging your companions goodbye and exchanging phone numbers — friends for life! Men, on the other hand, are in and out of the head in no time. Do you think it"s a coincidence that men have difficulty creating close and lasting friendships with other men? 2. Women Get a Door This is related to reason one. There"s something unseemly about having to pull out your goods for public display, and ... horrors, I can"t even go on! 3. Women Get to Sit Down There"s been some controversy on this topic, thanks to Camille Paglia, who writes in her book Sexual Personae: "Male urination is a kind of accomplishment, an arch of transcendence. A woman merely waters the ground she stands on." I can"t speak for Camille, but only in extreme cases of toilet deprivation have I ever "watered the ground I stood on." I prefer to sit. 4. Men Make More Money Men, propelled by their willies and some prehistoric hunt-and-gather mindset, spend their nasty lives clawing, sniping and scratching their way to the top of the pay scale, all the while eating fatty foods, losing their hair and clogging their arteries, until one day — kablooey! — they keel over. When they"re gone, it"s the women (who live longer) who spend what"s left. All those old ladies you see at the travel agency collecting stacks of cruise brochures are having fun, fun, fun! 5. Women Never Worry About Whose is Bigger No matter what we tell men about how much size doesn"t matter, it does. (Well, it doesn"t really, but we talk about it with our girlfriends, anyway.) Knowing this, women can feel fortunate that we don"t attach much of our identity to something we can only see in a hand-held mirror. 6. Women Are Better Looking Because women don"t have penises, and therefore, loads of violence-inducing testosterone coursing through our veins, we"re prettier, softer, have less stubbly black hair, smell better, and are basically more lovely to behold. When men can"t understand why we spend so much time in the bathroom, it"s because they don"t know the joy of appreciating one"s lovely mug in the mirror. 7. Women Have Breasts Given the preoccupation that straight men have with these, it puzzles me that Freud never came up with a Breast Envy theory. Breasts are fun, no matter what shape, size or agenda, be it nutritional or recreational. They are soft, reassuring, and in their passive splendor, a far more potent sexual asset than any dangling penis. 8. Women Have Periods As a woman, I am allowed to eat copious amounts of food, yell at my loved ones, cry uncontrollably for no reason, and when it"s all over, say "I can"t help it. I"m having my period." When men behave this irrationally, which they are known to do, they have no excuse. 9. Women Bear Children Men and their equipment make an important contribution to the reproductive cycle, but their role is much like that of the center on a football team: He hikes the ball, she carries it for a touchdown. Being pregnant might be more of a burden if it weren"t for the fact that men suffer so much more seeing what their seed has done to the women they love. Labor pains are brief compared to the torment you can inflict on a man just by smiling weakly and saying, "That"s OK, honey. I"m sure you would have been glad to carry Junior, if only you could." 10. Women Have a Hidden Agenda You can"t play hard to get when your intentions are standing at attention. You know what I"m talking about — the pleading eyes, the heaving chest, the sudden alertness in his nether regions — it"s so obvious, for God"s sake. For women, it is a blessing to be able to withhold some cards from the sexual table, thus creating a sense of mystery and promise. Think of it as hiding one"s light under a bushel.采纳哦
2023-06-25 03:57:171

谁能把 中国人的那段英文写出来 就是中国人jin唱的即兴的rap的词写出来 谢谢哈

你不是雷鬼音乐表演家,而且我不恨你,不要讲大话啦,你是牙买加人你比我更清楚……你不能再这样愚蠢,不要跟个比你穿得好的中国人发疯……去问你老师怎么才能把裤子穿好,或者给他20块钱让他帮你写歌词……我即兴说唱时我是好人……不要让我开始用中文在麦克前骂你……要你带着遗憾回家啦!
2023-06-25 03:57:252

clusterfuck是什么意思?

没有这个英文单词
2023-06-25 03:57:343

美国论坛里白人女人怎么看亚洲男人?

在美国,跨族婚姻很普遍。与亚洲人通婚的白人多是男人和亚洲女人在一起,而亚洲男人同白人女人在一起的例子不是很多。从这些白人女性所讨论的内容来看,白人女性对亚洲男人还是有好感的,但也有一些偏见。比如说,身才不够高大,性方面不能满足白种女人,脾气不好,老一辈对儿女干涉太多,宗教不同,下一代教育问题等等。比较严重的偏见是在性方面。一是亚洲男人的SIZE不够,二是亚州男人对性的过分要求。难听点儿说,就是性心有余而性力不足。但这两点,对于同亚洲男人有性经验的白人女人来说,都是不成立的。她们都同意,跨族婚姻最重要的还是要看两个人的感情,这一点,可以看出天下女性的宽容谦让的共性和对感情方面和睦的追求。 以下是在一个美国网站的论坛上,一个在和中国男人恋爱的犹太姑娘发贴而引起的讨论。她想知道其他人对白人女性同亚州男性相处有什么看法。回贴的人很多,有白人,黑人,拉美人,还有在北美出生的亚洲男性和女性。因篇幅太多,只选择一些有代表性的白人女ID回贴。 比较有意思的是一个俄罗斯姑娘PINKLACES的回贴,文中透露出她对亚州男人说到做到的欣赏和对学校里美国男生乱搞和亚州女生乱睡的鄙视。 还有一个有趣的现象是一些在北美出生的亚洲男孩和从移民来的亚洲姑娘的态度。因篇幅太长,没有登在这里。但他们的观点很有意思。这些在北美出生的亚裔男生回贴中反复强调他们是如何与其他亚洲男人不同,他们是如何身强力壮,只喜欢白人女孩,不喜欢亚洲女孩。他们认为因为他们和白人女孩生长在一起,容易沟通。而亚洲女孩太懦弱,听话,没主见。 Luv2Me [more]IP: Logged Posts: 14 Group: New Member Joined: Aug 2002 Status: OFFLINEMake Buddy | PM User Hi there. I"m currently in my first interracial relationship. I"m white and Jewish, and I"m dating a Chinese guy. We have a lot in common... in fact, I"m taking Mandarin Chinese (unfortunately he speaks Cantonese, but no matter) and started even before I met him. I"m studying East Asian Studies in university, and so is he. We"ve got a lot in common, and my parents accept him (although they wish he was Jewish) and his mother really likes me.I rarely see other couples like us, though... usually it"s an Asian girl with a white guy. I"m wondering if there"s anyone else like me out there? Lethe [more]IP: Logged Posts: N/A Group: Guest Joined: Not Yet Status:| Hey Luv2Me,There are other white female/Asian male couples, though I agree, I don"t see many wandering the streets, either. I"m pretty sure there are several on here...My fiance is Korean-American, and I"m a Dutch/German -descended Midwestern girl. I"m not entirely clear on why the disparity between AF/WM couples and WF/AM couples exists, though I"ve heard a lot of theories about it, ranging from the reasonable to the insane - someone once warned me in all seriousness that Asian men"s penises were too small to satisfy a white woman (and NO this isn"t true, duh). I"ve also been warned that they were all inherently sexist (also untrue). But then again, with these kinds of stupid questions wandering around, no wonder... --Lethe. shanshiyi more]IP: Logged Posts: N/A Group: Guest Joined: Not Yet Status:| I understand that situation you mentioned coz white girls are usually slightly bigger and taller than some Asian guys so it doesn"t look compatible to each other. ANd usually bigger girls want to date guys who are bigger or taller than them.But In Hong Kong, I witness many White girls date Chinese -look guys as many as White guys date Chinese -look girls. Chinese guys in university- days are still slim but they will become physicially bigger after 24 or 25. They can be compatible to white girls then.P.S. My male friends go to high school in the US and they all did once and some still are dating White girl-clasmates. Probably teenager girls do not care about body size.
2023-06-25 03:57:471

Mc Jin 中文字幕

shooter.cn
2023-06-25 03:57:575

英语作文:谈谈对广告的看法

Advertisement is misleading. Take for example, the sex enhansing medication, the advertisement will boast that it will lengthen the penis and enlarge it diameter. The advertisement will also bullshit that there is no side effect to the medication. There will also there to put in many fake references of people who had used the medicaion before. These collaborators will bullshit that their penises will lengthen by five to ten cenimetres or the diameter had increased to four centimetres. So such a fantastic medication, will you try?
2023-06-25 03:58:302

欧阳靖rap

[1]JIN: jin vs hasan with a name like "hasan" you should join the talaban cause that"s the only way you"ll get flex to drop a bomb when they retire me and i land in the booth. you"ll be outside tryin to shake hands with scoop. you got six victories?i wonder if this will hurt the closest you"ll get to 7 is the numba on ya shirt yeah im chinese now you understand it .im the reason that his little sister"s eyes is slanted if you make one joke about rice or karate nypd be in chinatown searchin for your body ask free she"ll tell you to duck down he thought the harlem shake was a drink from uptown whacha want to do son? i"m ill when i spit i"m tellin you right now yo, you aint legit cause when i finish spittin 看到你那"hasan"的名字,我觉得你该加入塔利班 如此一来你就能名正言顺的制造爆炸事件了 当我退休开小摊儿的时候 没准你正在街上对狗骑兔子招手(搭便车)呢 你卫冕六周吗?告诉你个不幸的消息 你卫冕-TSHIRT上的数字顶头也就是七了 没错 我是中国人,现在你明白了吧? 是我把你妹震得嘴歪眼斜的 你小子要是敢拿大米和空手道开一个字的玩笑 横尸唐人街就是你的下场 顺便说一句,她会让你卧倒 黑人区的街头生活可不象上流社会那么悠闲 怎么着吧孙子?你丫想干吗?我不爽就要骂! 听好了!我不骂爽了还不算完! [2]JIN: jin vs sterling (notorious big - one more chance) you wanna say im" chinese sonny? here"s a reminder check your tims they probably say "made in china" don"t make me get on this tip and straight kill ya his name is sterling cause all he rocks is silver dude, you, stop followin trends your girl must love alcohol cause she be swallowin" jin yo imma bout to flip the when it"s comin" to it aye yo you see me spittin on the block you runnin to it this is 106 and park, i"m a hard act to follow you a amateur, you go to the apollo cause i"m freestyling know when i"m done son, you ain"t a baller tell the audience the truth i saw him breakdancing for spare change on 40-deuce 宝贝儿!你想取笑我是中国人,给你提个醒. 你那靴子上写着"中国制造"呐 让我一下抓住你这个错把你说得无语 你那亮闪闪的银链子比你名字拉风多了 我说哥们,别见样学样 你的妞肯定喝高了,因为她正suckin jin"s dick(就不写中文了,大伙都明白.呵呵) 我走哪你跟哪 我吐口痰你都狠不得过去舔两口 这是在106 and park,想学我可不容易 你要是个业余的就去apollo吧 我正freestyle呢,孙子,好好听着就快完了 跟观众说实话吧,你屁也不是 我看见这孙子刚才跳霹雳舞了! [3]JIN: jin vs skitzo (busta rhymes f/ p. diddy - pass the courvoisier pt ii) yo, you a sucka and i mean it kid my girl would never go with you cause she don"t like guys with small penises don"t make me have to come at you aye yo, cause as a rapper, you really don"t have a chance better off asking nelson to teach you how to dance my freestyle is about to tear you up i"m really somethin that you not use to he at first wanna open a fortune sayin you"re a loser four more weeks i"m in the hall of fame with posterboy then you can join my street team and put up posters, boy you ain"t close to me my manager"s about to get me a deal his manager"s baggin groceries claim you clap guns supersoakers make noise he the type to play strip poker with his boys 你小子是个彻头彻尾的王八蛋 我的妞永远不会找你因为你的老二尺寸太小 别逼我打你 因为我是个RAPPA,你根本没机会 还不如找nelson让他教你怎么跳舞呢 我的FREESTYLE能把你损个底儿掉 我的水平你望尘莫及 他想在开场给我难堪,结果事与愿违 再有四周我就功成名就了,小子 到时候你可以进我的队里还能沾光上海报呢,小子 你跟我没法比,我的经纪人给我签了份合同 你的呢?沿街要饭呢吧? 给丫鼓倒掌!把他嘘下台! 他也就有跟他那帮小子玩剥猪猡的能耐 [4]JIN: jin vs. logan yo, if the rap game is whack everybody"s blamin you you from brookyln? then biggie mush be ashamed of you cause imma freestyle, show you how it is matter fact, you from bk, i heard they murder things only time he see beef is when he go to burger king i"m the player in the game you cheerin in the stands matter fact, durin the superbowl, he was cheerin for the rams you don"t even like football that"s a myth like unicorns he just like seein" grown men in tight uniforms i"m freesylin when im kickin it so ridiculous, put yourself in a bad predicament by the way, my little sister has somethin to say "there"s no way you"ll beat my brother on freestyle friday!" 如果这场你输了,大伙会骂死你 你从布鲁克林来的?biggie将以你为耻 我正在FREESTYLE,让我教教你怎么做吧 你真从布鲁克林来吗?事实上,我听说过一条爆炸性新闻 他每次去”汉堡王”时,才能尝一次荤 舞台上我是老大,你只能站那给我叫好 事实上,”超级碗”杯上,他是给公羊队叫好的 你说喜欢橄榄球,真是无稽之谈,扯淡 你只不过想看看那些穿着紧身队服的壮男 当我正在FREESTYLE时发现你的RAP把你自己置于一个尴尬境地,太滑稽了 稍等,我的小妹妹有话说 ”想在freestyle friday上赢我哥哥,没门!” [5]JIN: jin vs. luck luciano uh, see, i really don"t know what you"re doin he got a kobe bryant jersey on but look more like a light-skin patrick ewing i"m nice wit it when im spittin come on, in a week or so i"ll be spittin onzz beatz while you"ll be at the bodega askin forss cheese im nice with it freestyle come on you wanna talk about guns that"s why you get your studder on only toast he packs is the kind you put butter on i"m nice with it when i free come on, yo check it out, ask your girl i was doin somethin at her house matter fact, she had my eggroll and my dumplings in her mouth next time you see her bring extra protection next time you see her it"s a rap 真不知道你想干吗?不伦不类 穿着科比的运动衫看着却像个稍微白点的帕特里克.由因 我RAP的时候很酷 再过一两周我就我的身份就更不同了 而你呢?在饭馆讨食吃吧! 我FREESTYLE时更酷 你想谈谈枪火?先把扣子系好吧. 你吃烤面包时也就抹点黄油罢了(可能是损他肚子里没词吧) 我FREESTYLE时感觉棒极了 问问你的马子在屋里和我干过什么? 事实上,她把我的蛋蛋和JIJI放在了她嘴里 下次带她出来时多加小心 下次你看见她 这是RAP????(这句莫名其妙) [6]JIN: jin vs. skazoo yo, i get girls who you tryin to dis man? he masturbate so much he had to roc a wristband you got guns pointed my way he"s so played out i thought he was the old school joint of the day i got fans across the country jin is who they feelin" last time he had a fan it was spinnin on the ceilin" i go online, and check my hotmail he go on the internet lookin for hot males you aint a hustler your man"s coppin the work he be at the club, like tweet, droppin his skirt oops, i didn"t know my freestyle teared up you up on stage but it"s a pity though don"t make me spit in your mouth like missy"s old video im nice with it 我马子成堆,你想损谁啊? 他手淫过多,袖口都脏了. 你想打败我?别费劲了, 你就是个唱OLD SCHOOL的最傻的傻大个 我的粉丝遍布全国. 你最近的一个粉丝现在再天花板上吊着呢 我上网是为了查邮件 他上网是为了找GAY 你不是拉皮条的 你的同志们再夜总会工作, 看起来就像TWEET脱裙子一样滑稽(tweet好象是那个坐椅子上的胖子) 哦!不好意思,我什么也没说,我让你再台上一败涂地 尽管你很不幸,但也别惹我,当心我像MISSY当年的MV一样吐痰在你嘴里 [7]JIN: jin vs. sean nicholas you aint a regee arist and i aint hatin on you stop lyin mrs. cleo is more jamaican than you i"m nice with it when i"m freein who you think you bein"? my pants are new my sweater is new don"t be mad at chinese kid dressed better than you man im freestylin" now its a rap, matter fact you should ask clef... how to make your flow tighter better yet, pay him 20 g"s to be your ghostwriter i"m nice when i"m freein" you ain"t beatin me matter fact i"ll be a buffet and you ain"t eatin me and don"t make me start rappin in chinese on the microphone "nei fan oak kay lah" that means take your sorry butt home! 你要不唱雷鬼我还不想骂你 别扯淡了,mrs. cleo 比你更像牙买加人 我现在骂你骂的很爽,你以为你是谁? 我的裤子是新的,运动衫也是新的 别一看中国人穿的比你好就急眼 你知道什么是RAP什么是FREESTYLE吗? 你该请教clef怎么把你的FLOW控制好 然后给他20块让他为你捉刀写词 你想打败我,别做梦了 其实你根本不是我对手 别让我用中文骂你 nei fan oak kay lah 就是说”抬起屁股滚蛋!!” ***饶舌擂台赛现场经典对战*** 你以为你是谁?李小龙? 穿着条向下掉的裤……我到这里来不可以不让我讲粗口,来肯定我是社会地位低下的黑人,我永远不会冷静下来,这是对的,因为你好像一个纸老虎,我想在你的尾巴上咬一口……喂!我没昏头……根本就不会说饶舌,还来凑热闹,饶舌不是你们中国人可以学得会的! 你不是雷鬼音乐表演家,而且我不恨你,不要讲大话啦,你是牙买加人你比我更清楚……你不能再这样愚蠢,不要跟个比你穿得好的中国人发疯……去问你老师怎么才能把裤子穿好,或者给他20块钱让他帮你写歌词……我即兴说唱时我是好人……不要让我开始用中文在麦克前骂你……要你带着遗憾回家啦!
2023-06-25 03:58:371

写出同类单词附中文: I‘m hungry . I want some cakes, ( ) ( ) ( ) and ( )

你好!dildosandvaginas。我想要一些蛋糕,番茄和糕点.Iwantsomecakes;mhungry,penises,chicks,鸡肉,土司I".我饿了如有疑问,请追问。
2023-06-25 03:58:452

这是什么?

这是一段无聊的,聊天记录。
2023-06-25 03:59:071

How many penises do you have?

翻译吗?请问你有多少便士?
2023-06-25 03:59:221

who is better ,man or woman

why it"s better to be a woman Several months ago, my friend Chip wrote an essay entitled, Why It"s Better to Be a Man. While it included a few convincing arguments (men don"t have to carry purses; men have less to shave), I was disappointed he could only come up with 10 reasons. After all the time I"ve spent listening to men rave about their units — not to mention enduring the phallic homages played out in skyscrapers, modern art and heavy metal — you would think there would be more than 10 lousy reasons. I can think of 10 reasons not to long for what the boys got:1. Women Get to Wait in Line at Public RestroomsThis might seem like an argument for the opposite camp, but think of the times you"ve been at a baseball game or monster truck pull having a perfectly miserable time with a male companion. By excusing yourself to stand on line at the biffy, you were reunited with many of your own gender, and as you inched forward, flush after flush, you began to talk — really talk — with these women (shared discomfort creates deep trust and mutual understanding). By the time you made it to the stall you were hugging your companions goodbye and exchanging phone numbers — friends for life! Men, on the other hand, are in and out of the head in no time. Do you think it"s a coincidence that men have difficulty creating close and lasting friendships with other men?2. Women Get a DoorThis is related to reason one. There"s something unseemly about having to pull out your goods for public display, and ... horrors, I can"t even go on!3. Women Get to Sit DownThere"s been some controversy on this topic, thanks to Camille Paglia, who writes in her book Sexual Personae: "Male urination is a kind of accomplishment, an arch of transcendence. A woman merely waters the ground she stands on." I can"t speak for Camille, but only in extreme cases of toilet deprivation have I ever "watered the ground I stood on." I prefer to sit.4. Men Make More MoneyMen, propelled by their willies and some prehistoric hunt-and-gather mindset, spend their nasty lives clawing, sniping and scratching their way to the top of the pay scale, all the while eating fatty foods, losing their hair and clogging their arteries, until one day — kablooey! — they keel over. When they"re gone, it"s the women (who live longer) who spend what"s left. All those old ladies you see at the travel agency collecting stacks of cruise brochures are having fun, fun, fun!5. Women Never Worry About Whose is BiggerNo matter what we tell men about how much size doesn"t matter, it does. (Well, it doesn"t really, but we talk about it with our girlfriends, anyway.) Knowing this, women can feel fortunate that we don"t attach much of our identity to something we can only see in a hand-held mirror.6. Women Are Better LookingBecause women don"t have penises, and therefore, loads of violence-inducing testosterone coursing through our veins, we"re prettier, softer, have less stubbly black hair, smell better, and are basically more lovely to behold. When men can"t understand why we spend so much time in the bathroom, it"s because they don"t know the joy of appreciating one"s lovely mug in the mirror.7. Women Have BreastsGiven the preoccupation that straight men have with these, it puzzles me that Freud never came up with a Breast Envy theory. Breasts are fun, no matter what shape, size or agenda, be it nutritional or recreational. They are soft, reassuring, and in their passive splendor, a far more potent sexual asset than any dangling penis.8. Women Have PeriodsAs a woman, I am allowed to eat copious amounts of food, yell at my loved ones, cry uncontrollably for no reason, and when it"s all over, say "I can"t help it. I"m having my period." When men behave this irrationally, which they are known to do, they have no excuse.9. Women Bear ChildrenMen and their equipment make an important contribution to the reproductive cycle, but their role is much like that of the center on a football team: He hikes the ball, she carries it for a touchdown. Being pregnant might be more of a burden if it weren"t for the fact that men suffer so much more seeing what their seed has done to the women they love. Labor pains are brief compared to the torment you can inflict on a man just by smiling weakly and saying, "That"s OK, honey. I"m sure you would have been glad to carry Junior, if only you could."10. Women Have a Hidden AgendaYou can"t play hard to get when your intentions are standing at attention. You know what I"m talking about — the pleading eyes, the heaving chest, the sudden alertness in his nether regions — it"s so obvious, for God"s sake. For women, it is a blessing to be able to withhold some cards from the sexual table, thus creating a sense of mystery and promise. Think of it as hiding one"s light under a bushel.
2023-06-25 03:59:311

欧阳靖美国说唱比赛的歌词!要英文的!对方的也要!

给你个网页 http://zhidao.baidu.com/linkurl=NEEA_CXo7X_seaAxShAHWzCXxFLHKhcV-Hk5zWkNsjos6SA3Di3lUgCS3SFlWF7w-7PsWMxWMfZBeClz0n6PLq
2023-06-25 04:00:012

《frendship》的英语作文

自己不会写啊,要别人写,这叫作弊,而且分都不给
2023-06-25 04:01:042

MC jin在freestyle Friday连胜7周德中文字幕

[1]JIN: jin vs hasan with a name like "hasan" you should join the talaban cause that"s the only way you"ll get flex to drop a bomb when they retire me and i land in the booth. you"ll be outside tryin to shake hands with scoop. you got six victories?i wonder if this will hurt the closest you"ll get to 7 is the numba on ya shirt yeah im chinese now you understand it .im the reason that his little sister"s eyes is slanted if you make one joke about rice or karate nypd be in chinatown searchin for your body ask free she"ll tell you to duck down he thought the harlem shake was a drink from uptown whacha want to do son? i"m ill when i spit i"m tellin you right now yo, you aint legit cause when i finish spittin 看到你那"hasan"的名字,我觉得你该加入塔利班 如此一来你就能名正言顺的制造爆炸事件了 当我退休开小摊儿的时候 没准你正在街上对狗骑兔子招手(搭便车)呢 你卫冕六周吗?告诉你个不幸的消息 你卫冕-TSHIRT上的数字顶头也就是七了 没错 我是中国人,现在你明白了吧? 是我把你妹震得嘴歪眼斜的 你小子要是敢拿大米和空手道开一个字的玩笑 横尸唐人街就是你的下场 顺便说一句,她会让你卧倒 黑人区的街头生活可不象上流社会那么悠闲 怎么着吧孙子?你丫想干吗?我不爽就要骂! 听好了!我不骂爽了还不算完! [2]JIN: jin vs sterling (notorious big - one more chance) you wanna say im" chinese sonny? here"s a reminder check your tims they probably say "made in china" don"t make me get on this tip and straight kill ya his name is sterling cause all he rocks is silver dude, you, stop followin trends your girl must love alcohol cause she be swallowin" jin yo imma bout to flip the when it"s comin" to it aye yo you see me spittin on the block you runnin to it this is 106 and park, i"m a hard act to follow you a amateur, you go to the apollo cause i"m freestyling know when i"m done son, you ain"t a baller tell the audience the truth i saw him breakdancing for spare change on 40-deuce 宝贝儿!你想取笑我是中国人,给你提个醒. 你那靴子上写着"中国制造"呐 让我一下抓住你这个错把你说得无语 你那亮闪闪的银链子比你名字拉风多了 我说哥们,别见样学样 你的妞肯定喝高了,因为她正suckin jin"s dick(就不写中文了,大伙都明白.呵呵) 我走哪你跟哪 我吐口痰你都狠不得过去舔两口 这是在106 and park,想学我可不容易 你要是个业余的就去apollo吧 我正freestyle呢,孙子,好好听着就快完了 跟观众说实话吧,你屁也不是 我看见这孙子刚才跳霹雳舞了! [3]JIN: jin vs skitzo (busta rhymes f/ p. diddy - pass the courvoisier pt ii) yo, you a sucka and i mean it kid my girl would never go with you cause she don"t like guys with small penises don"t make me have to come at you aye yo, cause as a rapper, you really don"t have a chance better off asking nelson to teach you how to dance my freestyle is about to tear you up i"m really somethin that you not use to he at first wanna open a fortune sayin you"re a loser four more weeks i"m in the hall of fame with posterboy then you can join my street team and put up posters, boy you ain"t close to me my manager"s about to get me a deal his manager"s baggin groceries claim you clap guns supersoakers make noise he the type to play strip poker with his boys 你小子是个彻头彻尾的王八蛋 我的妞永远不会找你因为你的老二尺寸太小 别逼我打你 因为我是个RAPPA,你根本没机会 还不如找nelson让他教你怎么跳舞呢 我的FREESTYLE能把你损个底儿掉 我的水平你望尘莫及 他想在开场给我难堪,结果事与愿违 再有四周我就功成名就了,小子 到时候你可以进我的队里还能沾光上海报呢,小子 你跟我没法比,我的经纪人给我签了份合同 你的呢?沿街要饭呢吧? 给丫鼓倒掌!把他嘘下台! 他也就有跟他那帮小子玩剥猪猡的能耐 [4]JIN: jin vs. logan yo, if the rap game is whack everybody"s blamin you you from brookyln? then biggie mush be ashamed of you cause imma freestyle, show you how it is matter fact, you from bk, i heard they murder things only time he see beef is when he go to burger king i"m the player in the game you cheerin in the stands matter fact, durin the superbowl, he was cheerin for the rams you don"t even like football that"s a myth like unicorns he just like seein" grown men in tight uniforms i"m freesylin when im kickin it so ridiculous, put yourself in a bad predicament by the way, my little sister has somethin to say "there"s no way you"ll beat my brother on freestyle friday!" 如果这场你输了,大伙会骂死你 你从布鲁克林来的?biggie将以你为耻 我正在FREESTYLE,让我教教你怎么做吧 你真从布鲁克林来吗?事实上,我听说过一条爆炸性新闻 他每次去”汉堡王”时,才能尝一次荤 舞台上我是老大,你只能站那给我叫好 事实上,”超级碗”杯上,他是给公羊队叫好的 你说喜欢橄榄球,真是无稽之谈,扯淡 你只不过想看看那些穿着紧身队服的壮男 当我正在FREESTYLE时发现你的RAP把你自己置于一个尴尬境地,太滑稽了 稍等,我的小妹妹有话说 ”想在freestyle friday上赢我哥哥,没门!” [5]JIN: jin vs. luck luciano uh, see, i really don"t know what you"re doin he got a kobe bryant jersey on but look more like a light-skin patrick ewing i"m nice wit it when im spittin come on, in a week or so i"ll be spittin onzz beatz while you"ll be at the bodega askin forss cheese im nice with it freestyle come on you wanna talk about guns that"s why you get your studder on only toast he packs is the kind you put butter on i"m nice with it when i free come on, yo check it out, ask your girl i was doin somethin at her house matter fact, she had my eggroll and my dumplings in her mouth next time you see her bring extra protection next time you see her it"s a rap 真不知道你想干吗?不伦不类 穿着科比的运动衫看着却像个稍微白点的帕特里克.由因 我RAP的时候很酷 再过一两周我就我的身份就更不同了 而你呢?在饭馆讨食吃吧! 我FREESTYLE时更酷 你想谈谈枪火?先把扣子系好吧. 你吃烤面包时也就抹点黄油罢了(可能是损他肚子里没词吧) 我FREESTYLE时感觉棒极了 问问你的马子在屋里和我干过什么? 事实上,她把我的蛋蛋和JIJI放在了她嘴里 下次带她出来时多加小心 下次你看见她 这是RAP????(这句莫名其妙) [6]JIN: jin vs. skazoo yo, i get girls who you tryin to dis man? he masturbate so much he had to roc a wristband you got guns pointed my way he"s so played out i thought he was the old school joint of the day i got fans across the country jin is who they feelin" last time he had a fan it was spinnin on the ceilin" i go online, and check my hotmail he go on the internet lookin for hot males you aint a hustler your man"s coppin the work he be at the club, like tweet, droppin his skirt oops, i didn"t know my freestyle teared up you up on stage but it"s a pity though don"t make me spit in your mouth like missy"s old video im nice with it 我马子成堆,你想损谁啊? 他手淫过多,袖口都脏了. 你想打败我?别费劲了, 你就是个唱OLD SCHOOL的最傻的傻大个 我的粉丝遍布全国. 你最近的一个粉丝现在再天花板上吊着呢 我上网是为了查邮件 他上网是为了找GAY 你不是拉皮条的 你的同志们在夜总会工作, 看起来就像TWEET脱裙子一样滑稽(tweet好象是那个坐椅子上的胖子) 哦!不好意思,我什么也没说,我让你在台上一败涂地 尽管你很不幸,但也别惹我,当心我像MISSY当年的MV一样吐痰在你嘴里 [7]JIN: jin vs. sean nicholas you aint a regee arist and i aint hatin on you stop lyin mrs. cleo is more jamaican than you i"m nice with it when i"m freein who you think you bein"? my pants are new my sweater is new don"t be mad at chinese kid dressed better than you man im freestylin" now its a rap, matter fact you should ask clef... how to make your flow tighter better yet, pay him 20 g"s to be your ghostwriter i"m nice when i"m freein" you ain"t beatin me matter fact i"ll be a buffet and you ain"t eatin me and don"t make me start rappin in chinese on the microphone "nei fan oak kay lah" that means take your sorry butt home! 你要不唱雷鬼我还不想骂你 别扯淡了,mrs. cleo 比你更像牙买加人 我现在骂你骂的很爽,你以为你是谁? 我的裤子是新的,运动衫也是新的 别一看中国人穿的比你好就急眼 你知道什么是RAP什么是FREESTYLE吗? 你该请教clef怎么把你的FLOW控制好 然后给他20块让他为你捉刀写词 你想打败我,别做梦了 其实你根本不是我对手 别让我用中文骂你 nei fan oak kay lah 就是说”抬起屁股滚蛋!!” ***饶舌擂台赛现场经典对战*** 你以为你是谁?李小龙? 穿着条向下掉的裤……我到这里来不可以不让我讲粗口,来肯定我是社会地位低下的黑人,我永远不会冷静下来,这是对的,因为你好像一个纸老虎,我想在你的尾巴上咬一口……喂!我没昏头……根本就不会说饶舌,还来凑热闹,饶舌不是你们中国人可以学得会的! 你不是雷鬼音乐表演家,而且我不恨你,不要讲大话啦,你是牙买加人你比我更清楚……你不能再这样愚蠢,不要跟个比你穿得好的中国人发疯……去问你老师怎么才能把裤子穿好,或者给他20块钱让他帮你写歌词……我即兴说唱时我是好人……不要让我开始用中文在麦克前骂你……要你带着遗憾回家啦!
2023-06-25 04:01:121

谁会唱rap滴教下5~

你试下听 lose yourself
2023-06-25 04:01:193

penis of a bull什么意思

penis of a bull公牛的阴茎penis英 [ˈpi:nɪs] 美 [ˈpinɪs]n.阴茎,阳物阴茎;阳茎;阳物;男性生殖器复数: penisesbull英 [bʊl] 美 [bʊl]n.公牛; 股市看涨的人; 力大如牛的人; 大型雄性动物vt.[证券]从事投机使(证券等)价格上涨; 推,强迫; 强力实现; 对…施加压力,强使…通过vi.[证券](证券、股票等)价格上涨; 哄抬证券价格; 走运,提高身价; 猛推,猛挤,猛力向前adj.公的,雄的; 力大如牛的; 价格上涨的芝加哥公牛;公牛;废话;多头复数: bulls 过去式: bulled 过去分词: bulled 现在分词: bulling 第三人称单数: bulls
2023-06-25 04:01:261

就是我买的AKB48神曲 我的那个是特典的与通常盘有区别么

没,就是长的不同
2023-06-25 03:59:182

innocent名词

innocent的名词形式是innocent。nnocent是一个英语单词,名词、形容词,作名词时意思是“天真的人;笨蛋”,作形容词时意思是“无辜的,无罪的,无知的”。单词发音 英[??n?snt],美[??n?snt]短语搭配 Presumed Innocent无罪的罪人。
2023-06-25 03:59:261

模拟音响的永不消失的模拟音响

永不消失的模拟音响——从留声机到LP唱盘自1877年爱迪生发明留声机到1982年索尼/飞利浦公布CD格式后LP唱盘/唱片的逐步停产,在音响世界不过100多年的历史中,模拟唱盘的存在足以傲视其它任何一种影音讯号源。回首留声机到LP的发展历史,揭开模拟时代的神秘面纱,通过本文,希望能够引领读者进入到模拟音响的世界中去。在iPod、MP3之类数字播放机充斥于我们面前之际,领略一下模拟音响独具的魅力吧!玛丽有只小羊羔“玛丽有只小羊羔,雪球儿似一身毛……”这是出自发明家爱迪生(Thomas Edison)之口的一句儿歌。1877年,法国人克罗斯(Charles Cros)邀请爱迪生为他研制一种能自动记录电报信息的装置。在机器试制完毕后,爱迪生取出一张锡箔,将它卷在刻有螺旋槽纹的金属圆筒上,让唱针的一头轻擦着锡箔转动,另一头与受话机相连。然后他摇动着曲柄,对着受话机唱起了“玛丽有只小羊羔……”的“经典”唱段。当这一切完成后,爱迪生又将唱针放回原处,再次摇动曲柄,接着机器里就还原出了同一句句子。此后不久,这种被爱迪生称为Phonograph(声音记录者,希腊文)的机器正式诞生。当时的它们只是被用来记录话音,并非我们今天所谓的“音响”。而这一点,爱迪生也是在10年后才领悟到的。Gramophne的诞生由于Phonograph必须在圆筒上以纵向刻有螺旋状的音槽,因此有着复制困难的致命缺点,录音效果也不尽理想。真要说它的好处,大概就只剩下可录可播的双重功效了。于是,早期就有人通过改良Phonograph来制成简易型Dictaphone录音机。音乐家巴尔托克在东欧各地采集民谣时就背过它,布拉姆斯也曾利用这种圆筒录音机录制过“匈牙利舞曲”。1885年,贝尔兄弟与同事丁特(Charles Tainter)将锡箔圆筒改成了涂上蜡的纸筒,据此申请了Graphophone的专利,并在两年后成立了American Graphophone Campany(美国留声机公司)。1887年可以说是留声机发展史上的第一个转折点。除了AGC的创立外,爱迪生再一次发现了Phonograph的价值(在此之前,他潜心于灯泡的研究),于是Edison Phonograph Company(爱迪生留声机公司)诞生,它一直维持到1894年破产为止。此外,德国人贝林纳(Emil Berliner)进行了在涂蜡的镀锌圆盘上录放声音的试验,并且为他发明的机器命名  Gramophon。由于Gramophon具有实用性与易于复制的特点,并且采用了与日后LP唱盘极为接近的圆板录音片,因此也有人认为他才是留声机的发明者。而到了第二年,留声机才真正实现了商品化。HMV的来历1890年,投币式自动点唱机在美国如雨后春笋般涌现。只需要投入0.25美元,就能通过一条插在耳朵上的管子来收听到喜剧、笑话、吹口哨与铜管乐。1894年,哥伦比亚留声机公司(Columbia Phonograph Co.)制造出一种以弹簧驱动的家用留声机,售价才40美元,这为留声机进入家庭创造了契机。与此同时,歌王卡罗素(1902年)和俄国男低音夏里亚宾(1903年)相继参与了唱片的录音,不仅打开了唱片市场的需求,也带动了留声机的销售。当时采用爱迪生Phonograph的有美国哥伦比亚公司与法国百代公司;贝林纳的圆盘唱片Gamophon后来成为了Victor(胜利,通常又可以取译音“维克多”),不久又改用英国画家巴劳德(Francis Barraud)所画的油画“它主人的声音(His Master""""s Voice)”来作为标志并更名为HMV。HMV其实也就是日后大名鼎鼎的EMI(科艺百代)、DG(德国留声机公司)、RCA(美国无线电公司)等唱片公司的始祖。HMV和小狗的标记今天还出现在日本JVC的产品中。二战结束后,作为战败国的德国将当时的德国胜利公司更名为DG,日本胜利公司则只在国内使用Victor的品牌和标志,于海外市场改称JVC(Japan Victor Company)。这也就是为什么在本地的二手市场,卖家习惯称JVC为“狗头牌”的缘故。1925年Victor把贝尔实验室所发明、内部装有Exponential Hom的留声机以Victorla商标发售,其最高档的型号Victorla 30日后更为收藏家们所抢购。这下,家庭主妇们应该高兴了,因为再也不必看到客厅中摆着一支沾满大灰尘的喇叭了。开创电气录音时代1906年,德福雷斯特(Lee De Forest)发明了电子管,使得电讯号的放大成为可能。包括贝尔实验室在内,许多人投入到这方面的研究中,他们发现声音可以变成电流信号,利用电子管的电子增幅作用来转动录音机,将信号刻录到唱片中。相对于之前,必须对着大喇叭进行演奏或吼叫的机械录音(Acoustic),这无疑又是一个重大突破。1920年的11月11日,英国人杰斯特(Guest)和梅利曼(Merriman)将伦敦西敏寺举行停战纪念日典礼的实况透过电话线传输,记录在了附近高楼上的圆盘中,这是最早的电气录音实验。1925年,英、美两家哥伦比亚公司采用了贝尔实验室的研究成果进行商用电气录音。这一年由此被称为“电气录音元年”,与1948年LP唱片问世和1957年立体声唱片问世同属于模拟音响时代的里程碑之一。当时的唱片称为SP(即Standard Play),采用虫胶加干柏油粉的材料,转速每分钟78转,一面只能录3~5分钟的音乐。不过,即便有这许多限制,1925年的3月,哥伦比亚公司还是将录音机搬进了纽约大都会歌剧院,录下由900多人合唱的“圣子今夜诞生”,其壮丽的效果奠定了电气录音成功的基础。在唱片录音品质改善的同时,重播设备也有了明显进步。唱盘的驱动由发条变成了电气马达,重播时还采用到电子管放大。这时唱片公司把目标转向古典曲目,1927年哥伦比亚为庆祝贝多芬逝世100周年,计划录制了贝多芬交响曲的全集。同时,唱片公司也进行了一些整合:Victor入主RCA,成为RCA/Victor(所以今天RCA Red Seal Studio系列唱片中也能见到小狗标志);1931年HMV与英国哥伦比亚合并成了今天的EMI;德国Graophon改用Polydor(即后来的宝丽金,今天的环球唱片公司)的名字;以便携型留声机Decca命名的唱片公司出现,今天它在台湾被称为“福茂”(环球唱片的子品牌之一)。加上后来为索尼所收购的CBS(哥伦比亚/新力唱片,即CBS/SONY),今天的“5大”唱片公司在当时也已初具雏形。发明家所特有的固执伴随着1929年的美国经济大萧条令爱迪生彻底退出了留声机领域。此后的10多年,留声机技术并没有什么根本性的突破,相反倒是录音设备,如麦克风等在技术上有了不小的改进,这最终又将促进留声机向LP的过渡。并且,20世纪30年代有声电影的兴起也带动了音响行业的发展,这一切,都有待于我们在下期分解了。1883年,世界上最早的音响公司Thorens诞生,当时的产品是机械式音乐盒。1928年,它开始生产唱盘专用马达,从而揭开其半个多世纪的辉煌历史。1893年,在芝加哥的美国博览会上,爱迪生首次公开示范了Motion Picture,它被认为是有声电影的雏形。1899年,巴劳德将他为爱迪生创作的油画His Master""""s Voice中的圆筒改成圆盘,卖给贝林纳的Gamophon。1900年6月正式成为Gamophon的商标。1904年8月,哥伦比亚公司在美国以1.5美元推出双层唱片,超低价格得以顺利进入平民家庭。1918年,松下幸之助在大阪成立松下电器制作所,到1931年才开始生产收音机。1918年,丹麦高度风(Ortonfon)成立,二战后开始生产唱盘和MC唱头。1923年,西方电器公司(Western Electric)试验将声音与胶片同步播放。1925年,美国Shure成立,以出品MM唱头著称。1927年,西方电器的子公司Altec Lansing(剧院之声)与Electro-Voice和JBL相继成立,它们同为美国音响业的元老。1932年,乐富豪(Wharfedale)于约克郡成立,是英国历史最悠久的音箱制造厂之一。1939年,BBC开始试验立体声广播。20世纪30年代后的整整40年间,模拟音响的发展进入到了颠峰时期。除了1925年首次商用电气录音,被誉为模拟音响3个具有里程碑意义的时刻中,有两个就发生在这40年里:1948年LP(Long Playing)唱片的问世意味着现代意义上胶木唱盘/唱片的诞生;1957年美国录音协会确定将45/45刻片技术采纳为立体声唱片的标准格式,结果它一直被延续到了今天。20世纪30年代前后,留声机技术得到了一定的发展,原先的发条驱动改为了电动马达式,电子管放大技术也被运用到其中。此时,唱片公司将目标转向了古典音乐,还是在1927年,哥伦比亚公司为了纪念贝多芬逝世100周年就录制了贝多芬交响曲的全集。这段时间里,唱片公司也进行了一些整合:Victor入主RCA,成立了RCA/Victor(所以今天RCA Red Seal Studio系列唱片中还能见到小狗的标志);1931年HMV与英国哥伦比亚合并成了今天的EMI;德国Graophon改用Polydor的名字(即后来的飞利浦/宝丽金,现已为环球唱片所收购);以便携式留声机Decca命名的唱片公司出现,今天它在台湾被称为“福茂”(环球唱片的子品牌之一);加上后来为索尼所收购的CBS(哥伦比亚/新力唱片),后世的“五大”唱片公司在当时已初具雏形。高保真时代的来临所谓是“花开两枝”,伴随着电气录音的深入,麦克风、放大器等设备在性能和技术指标上都得到了突破。1930年之后的有声电影已经开始采用多麦克风录音,声音的清晰度和频率响应都远比当时的SP(即Standard Play)唱片要好许多。这样,就对唱片的制作设备提出了更高的要求。二战期间,为了能使海军军官分辨出英德潜艇不同的马达声,时任Decca技术主任的阿萨·哈替牵头开发出了一种能收录10kHz以上高频的监听器,这就是后来所谓的“FFRR全频录音技术”(Full Frequercy Rang Recording)。不过真正被运用到唱片业则是在临近战争结束的1944年。要知道,在战前,电气录音的频响被限制在了“可怜”的100Hz~500Hz以内,FFRR 40Hz~10kHz的频宽几乎涵盖了所有乐器的基频段,在当时是个了不起的成就了!1944年12月22日,赶在圣诞节之前,第一张FFRR技术制作的唱片在英国上市。它的出现令整个产业投入到了新一轮的技术竞赛中去。之后,沿用已久的蜡盘为噪音较小的醋酸盘所取代,加热型录音刻针的运用使唱片的音质显著提高。家用留声机的循迹能力变得刚好,并且改装了采用宝石唱针的轻型唱头……类似的改进令High-Fidelity(高保真)时代逐步来临。LP的诞生音质的改善是一个方面,但78转SP唱片只能录制3~5分钟的音乐让人难以接受。1931年,RCA就尝试推出33 1/3转的LP(Long Playing)慢速唱片,但却无疾而终。之后,哥伦比亚也开始了类似的尝试。由于不清楚LP的前景将会如何,两手准备的哥伦比亚同时采用78转和33 1/3转蜡板来进行录音。结果,1948年LP唱片实验成功,哥伦比亚成为了最大的赢家。这种唱片从最初的每面录制16分钟逐步增加到22分钟,恰好可以容纳大多数45分钟以内的交响曲。不甘落后的RCA在第二年推出了45转的EP(Extended Play)唱片,音质等同于LP,每面录音时间约5分钟。由于配套的唱盘价格便宜,时长又恰好适合流行音乐的应用,很快在年轻人中打开了市场。之后,还有种16 2/3转的超慢速唱片问世,但很快被淘汰。恰恰是这样的原因,后世的我们可以在一些唱盘上见到78、45、33 1/3转等3种转速的切换开关,就连唱头也分成了SP、LP/EP两种。1953年,RIAA(美国录音工程协会)确定将RCA的New Orthophonic均衡电路设定为LP统一的唱头放大标准,结束了近10种规格混于一世的局面。今天我们在放大器上见到的Phono端口,大多符合RIAA的这个标准。革命性的立体声1953年,Decca在West Hampstead录音室与曼托瓦尼乐队合作进行了第一次试验性的立体声录音。3年后,它研制出了在同一个音槽内录制两种不同讯号的方法。不过,最终采取的45/45立体声唱片刻片模式却是由美国人所掌握的,那是1957年的事了。美国人所采用的方法是在胶木唱片的音槽里以45度的V字型划出两路声轨分别用来记录左、右声道的信号,然后唱头内的线圈也被设计成45度读取,最终产生出立体声效果。相对Decca的方案,虽说各有优点,但由于前者在唱片的刻制与唱头的装配上比较方便而获得了广泛认同。江山人才辈出,至此,LP开始了它的黄金岁月。1956年,RCA与日本Victor开始出品45/45的立体声唱片。只是初期的立体声LP唱盘都为专业产品,主要提供给电台等机构使用,直到1962年气垫喇叭的创始人Edgar Villchur推出第一部供音响发烧友使用的AR手动式唱盘为止。AR唱盘的避震悬挂系统在当年被称为“什么都不怕”,广告里那把准备击向AR唱盘的铁槌令许多人至今还印象深刻。立体声唱片推出后,Ortofon就有了它在MC唱头中的代表作——SPU系列。1995年,Ortofon还造了颗以6N纯银线绕制的MC Rohmannh唱头来夸耀他们的技术成就。Denon在1963年推出的DL-103唱头至今仍有后续型号在生产。Shure在1964年推出的Vl5唱头成为了MM 唱头中的经典之作。立体声初期开始流行动态平衡型设计(Dynarc BalanceType)的唱臂,Grace于1958年发表的G-240 SemiIntergrated Tome Arm。1959年,英国SME推出了静态平衡型(Static Balance)唱臂3009(短臂)和3012(长臂),其优秀的构想设计与精密的工艺立刻改变了唱臂的流行方向。3009日后成为第一个获纽约大都会博物馆珍藏的唱臂。1957年Thorens推出了世界上第一部非磁性转盘TD124,1983年为庆祝建厂100周年推出的TD126MK CCentenial转盘更为美好的模拟时代留下精彩见证。那个时候,学习能力超强的日本厂家开始崭露头角。YAMAHA的KT-1唱盘就获得了不错的评价。Neumann的录音室用转盘同样如此。面向Digital的时代这之后,LP唱盘迎来了它最辉煌的时刻,但也开始了它退出主流舞台的时刻。因为数字技术开始出现在我们面前。下一期中,我们将为读者分晓。这一时期值得我们关注的另外一些话题:1940年,Walt Disney制作了第一部立体声电影Fantasia(幻想曲)。60年之后,Disney发行了《幻想曲2000》DVD来纪念这一历史性时刻。1946年,东京通讯株式会社成立。12年后,它以SONY的品牌推出了全世界第一部晶体管收音机。1947年,世界上第一本音响杂志《Audio》创刊。它曾是美国最为畅销的音响杂志,于本世纪初停刊。1949年,Harry Reizes在Hotel New Yorker举行了世界上第一个音响展。1952年,Harman Kardon成立。在收购了JBL、Mark Levinson、Infinity、Lexion和AKG等多家公司后它成为了全球最大的音响制造企业。1959年,各主要唱片公司开始发行立体声唱片。1963年,飞利浦在柏林的国际音响展中发表了卡式录音带。1965年,Ray Dolby在伦敦向Decca展示了它的录音噪声降低装置,这就是最早的杜比降噪技术。1969年,以生产LP唱盘闻名的Linn在英国创立。20世纪的最后30年对于LP的发展来说,是极富戏剧性的。在这其间,它经历了从颠峰到没落再到近乎消亡的巨大转折。新技术的涌现令LP无论在性能和普及度上都呈现出前所未有的高速增长;然而,一些更新的技术,比如说今天已经家喻户晓的数字处理技术却以更为强盛的生命力出现在了我们面前,它们的到来则预示着LP终将告别历史舞台。图00 Stanton STR8-30,直驱式LP唱盘中的翘楚(题图说明)如果说前面的40年,LP的世界是为欧美厂家所主导的,那么,到了1970年代,勤奋好学的日本人终于有机会走到了前台来。我们不得不感叹历史是多么惊人地相似,之前我们在说到相机时可能首先会想到莱卡,但在今天,数码相机的世界却为大多数日系品牌所掌控。LP,或者说整个音响史中,这样的一幕一而再,再而三地在重演。新生代的崛起1969年,日本松下(Technics)推出了第一部Direct Drive马达直接驱动式LP唱盘SP-10。这在当时还以Belt Drive皮带传动驱动为主导的LP世界里引起了轰动。富有创新精神的驱动方式解决了一个长期以来困扰着人们的难题,那就是伴随着使用时间的增加唱盘皮带老化的问题,并且使得LP唱盘第一次真正做到“收放自如”:想让它转就转、停就停。如此一来,也为后世那些热衷于“打碟”和Remix的DJ们多了个炫技的法宝。只是,直驱式唱盘在取代过皮带传动后不久又顺应了“风水轮回转”的说法,最终还是让位给了发烧友普遍认同的、“音乐味更浓”的皮带传动。因此,现在流传下来的马达直驱唱盘大多都是日本制的产品,如索尼TTS-4000、天龙DP-5000和Micro DDX-1000等。不过,正是源于它的不再流行,使得我们有机会在二手市场上见到大量直驱式LP唱盘。对于那些今天依旧想品味LP滋味的初级玩家,这种价廉、同时又易于维护和保养的直驱式唱盘倒就成了首选。1974年,日本Victor开始采用水晶震荡器的相位伺服方式来稳定转盘的转速,这就是所谓的“石英锁定”方式。之后索尼等厂家也纷纷使用到这项技术,从而大幅提高了转盘的精密度。唱头与唱臂的演变除去唱盘驱动方式的演变,1970年代前后伴随着新材料的出现,在唱针、唱臂等各个方面,LP都在不停“进化”着。1973年索尼发表了采用碳纤维制造的唱臂;先锋则以铍来制作唱针的连杆;Technics用到了钐钴(Samarium-Coblt)混和磁铁来生产MM唱头;今天以出品静电耳机闻名的Stax推出了静电式唱头CP-X;而来自英国的Linn强调了高精密度的制造工艺,一直到现在它都在出品高级的LP唱盘。正是这些厂家,为LP的迅速普及立下了汗马功劳。这时LP唱头与唱臂的制造几乎成了日本人的天下。还是在1962年,朝仓收就创立了Supex,次年即以Ortofon(高度风)的品牌推出MC唱头,这一次,他让全世界都领略到了来自日本的音响美学。同年,松下秀雄创建了Audio Technica(铁三角),它在后来成为世界上规模最大的唱头生产商,其中的AT-l还是日本第一款MM唱头,之后的AT-35(VM式唱头,1967年)和AT-34(第一款双动圈式MC唱头,1977年)都是非常经典的作品。“一个人”的唱头1977年,伴随着Grado对MC唱头专利的开放,更多日本制的MC唱头出现,其中就包括了不少的“一人”公司,Hi-End音响的“小众”在这里被发挥到了极至!像是只接受客户订货制作的Win拉力测量式唱头、采用象牙为原料的Miyabi、镶上蓝宝石的Argant和以石南根来制造Mr.Brier唱头的Goldbug,它们的诞生为发烧友们带来了更多乐趣。另一位东京技术学校毕业的Nabori Tominari从技术观点制造MC唱头,以Dvnavector品牌出售,他与光悦截然不同,但仍吸引一些追随者。那个时候,由管野义信开创的Koetsu(光悦)唱头成为了众人眼中的终极目标。此人不仅精通古典乐和油画,还是位御用的铸剑师,就连日本天皇的佩剑都由他亲手铸造。多才多艺的他出于对市售制品的不满,亲手设计和制造起唱头来。起初只是自用或赠于亲朋好友,直到1978年拿到美国销售后才声名大起。他所强调的传统技艺与自身的神秘气氛让发烧友为之疯狂。另一位东京技术学校毕业的Nabori Tominari则从技术观点来制造MC唱头,以Dvnavector品牌出售,他与光悦截然不同,却也吸引了一批追随者。数字时代降临现在,我们可以谈一下飞利浦了。以灯泡起家的它到那时已经有80年的历史。1969年,飞利浦率先提出了激光影碟的构想,5年后激光唱片的雏形出现,到了1979年它联合索尼开始进行Compact Disc(CD)的开发。而当1981年松下电气加入CD阵营时,CD与LP的大战才正式上演。其实,还是在1970年代,录音师们已经开始了数字录音的尝试。这种被称为PCM(Pulse Code Modulation,脉冲码变调)的技术也就是后来CD的编码方式。1972年,BBC在调频广播中试用数字设备。同期,NHK将PCM技术转移给了Denon。那一年的4月24日,在东京青山的TwerHall音乐厅,Denon录制了史麦唐纳弦乐四重奏演出的莫札特第15号弦乐四重奏。这一次的录音后来被制作成LP发行。现在我们该明白,为什么会在后期发行的那些LP唱片上看到Digital的字样。除了表明这是通过数字录音技术得到的之外,某种角度上来说,也意味着模拟音响代名词的LP即将日落西山。1979年元旦,Decca在维也纳录制了鲍斯考夫斯基指挥维也纳爱乐的新年音乐会,这是英国唱片公司的首次PCM录音。比较具有历史意义的是,这个录音在1980年代被制作成CD唱片,也是世界上最早的DDD制作(即以数码录音、数码混音和数码制作的CD唱片)。LP保卫战虽然CD在上市之初遇到了不少困难,包括被人诟病为“声音粗糙”和“缺乏音乐味”(这种说法直到今天依然存在),但它对LP的冲击却是巨大的。很快,LP保卫战拉开帷幕。1982年,当宝丽金在汉堡的CD压片厂正式投产之时,由Denon离职员工组成的Highphone在日本成立。两年后,海老泽澈创立了Roundale Research。而曾在日本最早的MC唱头厂家Fudelity-Research工作的池田勇则成立了Ikeda公司,发表的Ikeda 9唱头被称为“梦幻终极唱头”,算是在进入到数字时代后模拟音响的一大进步。在欧美, Goldmund(1984年,瑞士)、Roksan(1985年,英国)、VPI(美国)、Graham Engineering(1986年,美国)、Wilsonbenesch(1989年,英国)和Immedia(1990年)同样是数字时代模拟音响的拥戴者。到了1990年代,LP终于从大众层面上消失。CD和磁带录音占据了主导地位,并且各种各样新格式都不断涌现。在那个时期,“Digital”已深入人心,除了歌舞厅里DJ用到的LP,它已经不再会出现在寻常百姓的家中。LP唱片的全面停产更是令这一趋势迅速蔓延。然而,有趣的是,到了21世纪,伴随着SACD和DVD-Audio这两种被称为下一代音频格式的唱片出现,人们似乎又回到了从前。“拥有LP才有的完美音质”成为了对SACD最好的褒奖,我们在音响展中见到越来越多以LP作讯源的演示,那些久未推出LP唱盘的老厂也从满是灰尘的仓库里重新找到那些模具和图纸,Opus之类唱片公司也重新开始了LP唱片的发行,这一切,似乎都在述说着LP不死的神话,即便它们只在非常小众的音响发烧友中传开。这一时期值得我们关注的另外一些话题:1967年,《Stereo Sound》(立体声)杂志在日本创刊。侧重Hi-End音响的《Stereo Sound》与侧重于家庭影院的《Hi Vi》在今天同时还出中文版。1970年,EV提出4声道矩阵LP唱片格式。1972年,日本Sansui(山水)推出QS矩阵式唱片,这是最早对LP环绕声的尝试。1972年,Mark Levinson成立,它为现代的晶体管放大器奠定了新标准。12年后,Mark将公司转手再成立Cello,之后又再次转手并创建Red Rose。1975年,Meridian(英国之宝)创立。如今以成为数码音响的领导者之一。1977年,TEAC发表了DAD唱盘的试制品,为CD的诞生立下汗马功劳。1982年,CD正式上市,DAT原型机诞生。后者由于其近乎“完美”的数码录音而遭到唱片商们前所未有的封杀,最终退出家用市场。1984年,宝丽金的CD压片厂里诞生了第1000万张CD唱片。1991年,为了抗衡飞利浦的数码录音机DCC,索尼推出MD,但直到6年后才真正开始为人们所接受。1997年,DVD诞生。
2023-06-25 03:59:281

genetic disorder中文

genetic disorder遗传障碍遗传性障碍
2023-06-25 03:59:383

innocent中文什么意思??

innocentKK: []DJ: []a.1. 无罪的,清白的[(+of)]He was pronounced innocent of the charge.他被宣告无罪。2. 无害的The butterfly is an innocent insect.蝴蝶是一种无害的昆虫。3. 天真的,单纯的4. 幼稚的;头脑简单的,愚钝的Don"t be so innocent as to believe everything he says.不要这么天真,竟相信他所说的一切。
2023-06-25 03:59:401

日本HMV上下了订单 怎样退单?

你可以去问问日本公信榜吧的吧主直江伦子 他貌似比较懂这个 吧里也有帖子教你怎么在HMV上买东西的。http://tieba.baidu.com/f?kz=404357531
2023-06-25 03:59:412

香港集中点的卖户外装备的地方 主要在哪里?

旺角就有很多家啊以前上学时我们都是去那里买的啊一般的装备被都可以买到的
2023-06-25 03:59:443

女性主义常用什么观点

女性主义(Feminism)又称女权(女权主义)[1] 、妇女解放(女性解放)[2] 、性别平权(男女平等)主义[3] ,是指为结束性别主义(sexism)、性剥削(sexual exploitation)、性歧视和性压迫(sexual oppression),促进性阶层平等而创立和发起的社会理论与政治运动,批判之外也着重于性别不平等的分析以及推动性底层的权利、利益与议题。女权主义是女性主义初级阶段的历史用语,两者本质没有区别。[1] 女性主义的观念基础是认为,现时的社会建立于以男性为中心的父权体系之上。女性主义理论的目的在于了解不平等的本质以及着重在性政治、权力关系与性意识(sexuality)之上。[4] 女性主义政治行动则挑战诸如生育权、堕胎权、教育权、家庭暴力、产假、薪资平等、投票权、代表权(Representation politics)、性骚扰、性别歧视与性暴力等等的议题。女性主义探究的主题则包括歧视、刻板印象、物化(尤其是关于性的物化)、身体、压迫与父权。女性主义运动是一个跨越阶级与种族界线的社会运动。每个文化下面的女性主义运动各有其独特性,并且会针对该社会的女性来提出议题,比如苏丹的性器割除(genital mutilation,见女性割礼)或北美的玻璃天花板效应,以及中国的女性参政问题、女性劳动报酬偏低的问题;女性下岗失业比例偏高的问题;流产和遗弃女婴问题;婚后居住在男方家所带来的男女不平等问题;媒体和社会观念中的父权(男权制)(Patriarchy)思想残余问题等。而如强奸、乱伦与母职则是普世性的议题。[5]
2023-06-25 03:59:462

innocent的经典引文是什么

innocent的经典引文是:Changingfromtheinnocentslipofayoungthing..totheuglyoldwhore.出自:M.Leitch。innocent的经典引文是:Changingfromtheinnocentslipofayoungthing..totheuglyoldwhore.出自:M.Leitch。innocent副词:innocently。innocent的读音是英["_n_snt];美["_n_snt]。一、详尽释义点此查看innocent的详细内容adj.(形容词)清白的,无罪的,无辜的单纯的,天真的,纯真的无害的,无恶意的无知的,头脑简单的,愚钝的缺...的,无...的幼稚的无辜受害的,成为牺牲品的无冒犯之意的n.(名词)无辜者天真无邪的人头脑简单的人笨蛋,白痴幼稚的人英诺森(13位罗马教皇的任一个)二、双解释义adj.(形容词)清白的;无罪的;无辜的notguilty无害的,没有恶意的harmless涉世不深的;天真的,单纯的(ofaperson)havinglittleexperienceoftheworldandnotabletorecognizeevil头脑简单的;愚钝的foolishlysimple三、词典解释1.清白的;无罪的Ifsomeoneisinnocent,theydidnotcommitacrimewhichtheyhavebeenaccusedof.e.g.Hewassurethatthemanwasinnocentofanycrime...他确信那个男人没有犯任何罪。e.g.ThepoliceknewfromdayonethatIwasinnocent.警方一开始就知道我是无辜的。2.天真的;幼稚的;不谙世故的Ifsomeoneisinnocent,theyhavenoexperienceorknowledgeofthemorecomplexorunpleasantaspectsoflife.innocent的意思e.g.Theyseemedsoyoungandinnocent...他们看起来如此少不更事。e.g.He"scuriouslyinnocentaboutwhatthismeanstootherpeople.关于这对其他人意味着什么,他一无所知,这一点颇不寻常。innocentlyThebabygurgledinnocentlyonthebed.床上的婴儿天真地咯咯笑着。3.无辜(受害)的Innocentpeoplearethosewhoarenotinvolvedinacrimeorconflict,butareinjuredorkilledasaresultofit.e.g.Allthosewoundedwereinnocentvictims...所有伤者都是无辜的受害人。e.g.Thewarwaskillinginnocentwomenandchildren.战争夺走了许多无辜妇女和儿童的生命。4.没有恶意的;无冒犯之意的Aninnocentquestion,remark,orcommentisnotintendedtooffendorupsetpeople,evenifitdoesso.e.g.Itwasaperfectlyinnocentquestion.那是个完全没有恶意的问题。四、例句Amanisaccountedinnocentuntilheisprovenguilty.一个人未被证明有罪前,被视为是清白的。Hewaschargedwithmurderbutfoundinnocentlater.他被控杀人,但后来发现他是无罪的。Itwasaninnocentdeception,meantasajoke.那是个无伤大雅的骗术,开个玩笑而已。Hedeclaredthathewasinnocent.他声称自己是无罪的。Don"tbesoinnocentastobelieveeverythingthepoliticianstellyou.别那么幼稚,以为政客说的一切都是可信的。Hermobilepeonymouthandlargeinnocenteyesaddedeloquencetocolourandshape.她那两片娇艳生动的红嘴唇儿,一双天真纯洁的大眼睛,使她在容貌颜色上,平添了一段动人之处。五、常见句型用作形容词(adj.)用作定语~+n.Theyhaveimprisonedaninnocentman.他们监禁了一个无辜的男子。Thisisaninnocentjoke.这是一个没有恶意的玩笑。Heisaninnocentchild.他是个天真无邪的孩子。用作表语S+be+~Iwasveryyoung,andveryinnocent.我那时非常年轻,幼稚无知。S+be+~+prep.-phraseHeisinnocentofthecrime.他是无罪的。S+be+~+to-vI"mnotquitesoinnocentastobelievethat.我还不至于幼稚到相信那种事的地步。用作宾语补足语S+V+O+~Thejuryfoundthedefendantinnocent.陪审团判定被告无罪。六、词汇搭配用作形容词(adj.)~+名词innocentamusement〔enjoyment〕无害的娱乐〔享受〕innocentchild天真无邪的孩子~+介词beinnocentabout对一无所知beinnocentof没有七、词源解说☆1340年进入英语,直接源自古法语的innocent;最初源自古典拉丁语的innocentem:in(不)+nocentem(伤害),意为没有伤害。innocent的相关近义词blameless、notguiltyinnocent的相关反义词guiltyinnocent的相关临近词innocuous、innocence、Innocente、Innocenti、innocents、innocently、innocentear、innocentof、Innocentini、innocentness、innocentmen、innocentlife点此查看更多关于innocent的详细信息
2023-06-25 03:59:471

做英语小报小报想介绍饥饿游戏(The Hunger Games)这本书,用英语写主要内容,作者简介等,200词左右!!

上百度搜搜,自己再编一下就好了!
2023-06-25 03:59:514

【女性生殖系统菌群之一】女性生殖系统结构、生理与内环境

女性生殖系统(The Female Reproductive System,FRS)在解剖学上相对复杂,包含很多区域,每个区域都具有独特的菌群加持。月经周期激素的波动对生殖系统环境有着重要影响,且影响居住在那里的“土著”菌群。经研究证实,身体不同部位的菌群受年龄影响,因此,菌群随着人类从婴儿期到成年期的生长而发展。性发育及其伴随的激素变化对FRS的菌群产生深远影响。因而,当一个新个体在FRS内的受孕和发育(即怀孕)会影响FRS内的菌群。当涉及到抗菌防御时,粘液纤毛清除作为一个重要的机制,参与形成粘膜相关的防御系统。FRS与大多数其他身体部位不同,FRS被假定成定期被异物及其相关的菌群干扰时,FRS精细的防御机制则尤为重要。这些物体包括男性生殖器、卫生巾和避孕装置等。FRS的菌群失调与育龄妇女最常见的疾病有关—细菌性阴道炎。 女性生殖器官包括卵巢、输卵管、子宫、阴道(图1)和外阴。 多年来,健康人阴道、外阴和宫颈有常驻菌群已被认知。微生物培养和分子生物学方法对阴道和子宫颈中的微生物群落进行了广泛研究。相比之下,常驻外阴不同区域的微生物群落很少被了解。FRS的其他区域通常被认为是没有微生物的,但最近的一些研究表明,健康、非怀孕女性的子宫也可能存在常驻菌群。 阴道是一个肌肉发达的管状可扩张器官,长度在7-15厘米之间(图2),位于膀胱和直肠之间。它从外阴延伸到子宫颈,其主要功能是:为月经提供出口,在性交时作为阴茎的容器,并在分娩时作为一个通道。阴道壁主要由平滑肌组成,而它的内膜高度折叠,由分层、鳞状、非角质化上皮细胞组成,表面积约为360平方厘米(图3)。阴道内没有腺体,但阴道表面由宫颈产生的粘液和阴道壁毛细血管渗出的液体(渗出液)具备润滑作用。阴道粘膜可分为三层:最内层由基底细胞组成,基底细胞正在进行细胞分裂;在此之上是中间层,所含细胞的主要功能是生产糖原—这些细胞中存在大量的胞质内糖原颗粒,但基底细胞中没有(图4);表层细胞的糖原颗粒较少,但富含胞浆内微丝,为下层提供硬度和保护。粘膜折叠成皱褶,使阴道扩张。移行性淋巴细胞和朗格汉斯细胞也存在于整个粘膜中。在女性生殖周期中,上皮细胞不断进行重塑,这涉及细胞的增殖、成熟和脱落。女性生殖周期指的是月经周期(子宫内膜的一系列变化)和卵巢周期(涉及卵细胞每月成熟的一系列事件)(图5)。这个周期中的各个阶段是公认的——卵泡期、黄体期、排卵期和月经期。这一过程受激素控制,雌激素(尤其是雌二醇)刺激这一过程,而抑制细胞的成熟。女孩在月经初潮前(月经开始)和老年女性在绝经后(月经结束)的低水平雌激素导致她们的阴道上皮相对较薄(图6)。子宫颈是子宫下部狭窄的部分,通过子宫外口进入阴道。宫颈约2-3厘米长,主要由软骨组成,包含两个主要部分:(1)宫颈外口,突出于阴道;(2)宫颈内口,由宫颈内口管周围的粘膜组成,宫颈内口管是一个中央通道,从外口进入子宫。宫颈内口是一条中央通道,从宫颈外口经内口进入子宫。宫颈外口由分层、鳞状、非角化上皮细胞覆盖。这种类型的上皮细胞延伸到宫颈管内,其距离因人的年龄而异。然后,上皮细胞类型转变成简单的柱状上皮细胞,分布在宫颈内口的其余部分(图7)。 子宫内膜的大部分细胞分泌粘液,其余的是纤毛细胞。与子宫粘膜不同,宫颈上皮在月经期间不会脱落。然而,它受月经周期激素水平变化的影响。例如,当雌激素水平在周期中期达到峰值时,分泌的粘液量增加十倍。排卵后,孕酮水平的增加导致产生的粘液减少,粘液变得更粘稠,从而形成一个塞子,封闭输卵管。 阴道和宫颈的结构和生理受多种激素浓度和相对比例的影响。因此,这些器官内的环境明显取决于个体的性成熟度。此外,对于月经初潮后/绝经前(post-menarcheal/pre-menopausal,PMPM)女性(能够生殖的女性),每月生殖周期中的激素波动以及怀孕期间的激素波动将影响这些器官内的环境条件。这些环境波动反过来会影响常驻菌群的组成。外阴不同区域的环境也可能受到激素波动的影响,尽管对此知之甚少。 阴道的温度约为37°C,尽管在月经周期中略有变化,因此适合嗜温微生物的生长。 健康人月经期间阴道内的氧分压约为4毫米汞柱,是空气中氧分压的2%,是组织细胞中氧分压的10%。然而,在月经中期,阴道中的氧气水平会有所不同,出现较低的氧分压水平。因此,阴道生态系统可以被认为主要是微需氧的。然而,其他因素也会影响阴道的含氧量。例如,插入避孕隔膜会导致氧气分压增加到空气中氧分压的~82%。在2小时内,这一水平会慢慢下降到正常水平。此外,插入卫生巾会将阴道的含氧量增加到与空气中的含氧量相似的水平,然后浓度缓慢下降,大约8小时后恢复正常。因为女性每3-6小时更换一次卫生棉巾,这可能导致阴道的含氧量在大气浓度下保持3到5天(正常的月经持续时间)。这可能对阴道菌群产生深远影响,并可能促进需氧菌和兼性微生物(如金黄色葡萄球菌—中毒性休克综合征的病原体)的生长。 由于激素的影响和菌群的特性,阴道pH值与个体的性成熟度密切相关。因母亲体内的雌激素水平较高,导致新生儿的雌激素水平较高。由于糖原发酵产生的乳酸,导致新生儿阴道上皮较厚,糖原含量较高,pH值较低(~ 4.5)。雌激素水平随后下降,直到大约3周后,阴道上皮变薄,糖原含量降低。阴道pH值相应增加,接近7.0。未接受激素替代疗法(hormone-replacement therapy,HRT)的绝经后女性阴道上皮细胞薄,糖原含量低。 在PMPM的女性中,阴道pH值也受月经周期的影响。月经开始时,pH值接近中性,然后在月经期间和之后下降,在月经中期达到最低值(<4.0)。pH值保持在4.5以下约1周,然后稳步增加,直到下一次月经开始。怀孕似乎不会影响阴道的pH值,均保持在4.0以下。 阴道液是宿主源性营养素的主要来源提供给阴道菌群,育龄妇女以每天约6克的速度产生,阴道内随时约有0.5-0.75克。阴道液是酸性的,pH值约为4.5,其确切成分在整个月经周期中有所不同。它由宫颈粘液、子宫内膜液、阴道粘膜渗出液、前庭大腺分泌物、脱落的阴道上皮细胞和白细胞组成。因此,它是多种营养素的重要来源,含有约48 mg/g碳水化合物、4 mg/g蛋白质和0.2 mmol/g氨基酸(表1)。在阴道液中已经鉴定出800多种不同的蛋白质。阴道中偶尔补充的营养来源将由月经液和精液提供。PMPM女性每月大约有3-5天产生月经液,其中包括30%-50%的血液,因此含有多种营养素。月经液含有血红蛋白,这可能是阴道菌群宝贵的铁来源。虽然阴道内的微生物可获得丰富多样的营养物质,但环境的某些特征对许多生物体不利,例如低pH值和低氧气含量。此外,一系列抗菌机制发挥选择性作用,并影响阴道菌群组成。 宫颈内环境,如同阴道一样,受激素波动的影响,因此取决于个体的性成熟度,并在月经周期中发生变化。与阴道类似地,在生殖周期的增殖阶段,它主要是一个微需氧环境,氧气水平最低(约为空气中氧气水平的8%)。宫颈的pH值通常高于阴道,范围为5.4至8.2,中值为7.0。pH值在月经周期中不断变化,在月经前、月经期间和排卵期碱性更强(>7.0)。怀孕期间,宫颈的pH值约为6.5。宫颈温度约为37°C。 细菌的宿主源性营养物质主要来源于宫颈粘液。PMPM女性的月经液补充了这一点。宫颈粘液的产生量和含水量都逐渐增加,直到周期中期,然后下降。宫颈粘液主要由水(90%–95%)、溶质含量、粘度在月经周期中的变化三部分组成。例如,免疫球蛋白含量在卵泡期高于黄体期,而白蛋白含量在排卵前和排卵期间显著降低,然后增加。在宫颈粘液中发现了大量蛋白质(约200种),一项研究报告称其中38种存在于月经周期的各个阶段。 尽管阴道和宫颈具有特征性的粘膜防御机制,但它们受激素波动的影响,因此取决于个体的性成熟程度,对于PMPM女性来说,在月经周期中也会发生变化。此外,与大多数粘膜表面不同,这些器官的分泌物中以IgG而非IgA为主。 外阴、阴道和宫颈密集地被微生物定植,直到最近,子宫和生殖系统的上部区域通常被认为没有微生物。然而,一些研究已经证明,未怀孕和怀孕女性的子宫中存在微生物。当然,为了保护受精卵不受感染,保持这些上部区域没有致病微生物和外源性病原体则非常重要。宫颈是微生物的主要潜在进入途径,并具有多种抗菌防御机制,以防止微生物从高度定植的下生殖道进入(表2)。覆盖在宫颈上皮上的厚厚一层粘液是微生物的物理屏障,阻碍微生物进入下层上皮。粘液中存在的粘液蛋白,粘液蛋白上的碳水化合物部分可以充当微生物中存在的许多粘附素的受体,从而将它们困在粘液层中。纤毛上皮细胞随后将含有滞留微生物的粘液推进阴道。粘液中还含有由底层上皮分泌的多种抗菌肽,这些抗菌肽能够杀死被截留的细菌或抑制其生长。任何最终到达并粘附在底层上皮上的微生物,只要定期通过脱落去除,就不会在那里停留太久。上皮细胞还表达一系列Toll样受体(TLR,TLR-1至TLR-9),当被病原体激活时,这些TLR会动员先天性和获得性免疫防御系统。然而,与身体其他部位不同的是,在月经周期中,这些防御机制的有效性存在显著差异。例如,在排卵中期分泌的粘液量增加十倍,而粘液粘度在排卵前达到最低值。此外,宫颈粘液中许多抗菌化合物的浓度在整个周期内都有所不同(表3)。如果受孕,子宫内膜腺分泌分子量非常大(107 Da)的粘蛋白,与透明质酸和蛋白多糖一起,形成一个填充宫颈管的塞子(图8)。塞子结构较大(质量约为10克),由一个相互缠绕的细丝网组成,其中含有一系列抗菌化合物,包括SLPI、溶菌酶、乳铁蛋白、钙卫蛋白、HNP 1–3、HBD-1、IgA、IgG和IgM(图9)。它作为一种物理屏障,防止微生物进入,其含有的一系列抗菌化合物具有广谱抗菌活性。因此,塞子提供了一个有效的抗菌屏障,防止微生物进入子宫,感染胚胎,随后感染胎儿。然而,在排除微生物方面可能并不完全有效,因为最近的一些研究似乎在怀孕期间检测到了子宫中的微生物。阴道中的抗菌防御机制与宫颈中的机制相似,但不存在粘液纤毛(表4)。阴道中另一个重要的防御机制是低pH值。这是由于糖原的厌氧代谢产生的乳酸和乙酸的积累所致,糖原大量存在于育龄女性的阴道上皮中。这种低pH值抑制了许多微生物的生长,此外,乳酸和乙酸可以对某些物种产生直接的抗菌作用。研究表明,阴道pH值低与HIV、衣原体、滴虫、尿路感染(UTI)以及支原体的感染风险降低相关。如前所述,阴道pH值受月经周期和个体性成熟度的影响。FRS的获得性免疫系统在许多方面不同于其他粘膜部位的免疫系统。首先,大多数粘膜表面(称为粘膜相关淋巴组织MALT)所特有的淋巴滤泡不存在。这些滤泡负责初级粘膜免疫反应,包含树突状细胞(参与抗原呈递)以及未成熟的B细胞和T细胞。然而,尽管不存在淋巴滤泡,但已检测到含有T细胞和B细胞的淋巴聚集体。此外,还存在抗原呈递细胞(树突状细胞和巨噬细胞),并且已经证明子宫上皮细胞也可以作为抗原呈递细胞发挥作用。因此,生殖器粘膜能够产生局部免疫反应。其次,存在于生殖道分泌物中的抗体不仅是局部产生的,而且还通过渗出从血清中获得。与其他粘膜分泌物不同,生殖液中的主要抗体类别是IgG而不是IgA。这些抗体的主要功能是防止微生物粘附和侵入上皮表面,中和毒素和其他潜在有害抗原。它们还可能参与抗体依赖性、细胞介导的细胞毒性和促进中性粒细胞的吞噬作用。它们在确定阴道和宫颈菌群组成方面的作用尚未确定。最后,与其他粘膜表面的情况不同,获得性免疫反应的许多方面受激素调控,排卵前阶段的IgA和IgG水平高于排卵后阶段。 Hickey RJ, Zhou X, Pierson JD et al. (2012). Understanding vaginal microbiome complexity from an ecological perspective. Transl Res 160:267–282. Lewis AL & Lewis WG (2012). Host sialoglycans and bacterial sialidases: a mucosal perspective. Cell Microbiol 14:1174–1182. Mirmonsef P, Gilbert D, Zariffard MR et al. (2011). The effects of commensal bacteria on innate immune responses in the female genital tract. Am J Reprod Immunol 65:190–195. Witkin SS (2015). The vaginal microbiome, vaginal anti-microbial defence mechanisms and the clinical challenge of reducing infection-related preterm birth. BJOG 122:213–218. Yarbrough VL, Winkle S & Herbst-Kralovetz MM (2015). Antimicrobial peptides in the female reproductive tract: a critical component of the mucosal immune barrier with physiological and clinical implications. Hum Reprod Update 21:353–377.
2023-06-25 03:59:531

《鬼屋大电影2》在哪个平台播放?

PPTV可以观看。《鬼屋》是由Christopher R. Mihm执导的恐怖片,Mike Cook、Justen Overlander出演,于2012年上映。该片讲述了Rich、Isaac和Leigh一起参加一个度假晚宴,却被一场大规模的冬季暴风雪困在大房子里,开始遇到越来越多无法解释的可怕的事情的故事。剧情介绍:讲述Rich、Isaac和Leigh一起参加一个度假晚宴,晚宴上又一个独特的传统娱乐方式。这一次他们打算打开通向引荐的大门,允许客人与引荐联系。但是,在他开始这么做之前,一个神秘学者警告说:一旦大门打开,没有人可以预料会发生什么事情。不管怎样,他们都同意往前走。一场大规模的冬季暴风雪,被困的夫妇在大房子里开始遇到越来越多无法解释的可怕的事情。
2023-06-25 03:59:591

innocent什么意思

innocentadj. 无辜的;无罪的;无知的n. 天真的人;笨蛋n. (Innocent)人名;(英、西)因诺森特;(法)伊诺桑比较级 more innocent最高级 most innocent复数 innocents
2023-06-25 03:59:131

男人的染色体是46xx表示什么?

不会是变异了吧!
2023-06-25 03:59:127

5sMA350后级功放是国产的吗?

功放也就是我们说的“扩音机”,它主要作用就是将音源放大器的弱信号放大,是音响系统中最基本的设备。一套优秀的音响系统,功放的作用功不可没。市面上的功放品种众多,其中纯后级功放也深受消费者的喜爱。纯后级功放如何选择1、印刷的字体纯后级功放的正品字体匀称清秀,而假品的字体用手指甲轻轻一刮,字迹颜色变浅、甚至容易掉漆看不清。2、看品牌还要注意选购纯后级功放的品牌,比如说Chord 和弦、Linn 莲、Primare 翩美、T+A 德国、OCTAVE/八度、EINSTEIN 爱因斯坦、Audionet 德国、Brinkmann贝金曼都是不错的品牌,可以放心选购。2、听效果纯后级功放的音效非常重要,最直接的方式就是听一下音效,如今网购越来越方便,很多人都不愿意去实体店购,其实对于音响装备来说,还是实体去体验最好。每个人对于音质的追求都是不一样的。3、看性能先查看一下纯后级功放信号处理、功率输出及驱动性能效果如何,建议对照具体的产品数据进行参考。
2023-06-25 03:59:072

HMV—5净水器,净化出来的水烧开后有水垢有异味,还能直接食用吗?怎么处理

? 前八十回
2023-06-25 03:59:037

在香港HMV看到一个牛皮纸盒包装的黑色头戴式耳机,品牌和logo是M开头的,求问耳机的品牌

魔声,monster?
2023-06-25 03:58:534

龟头周围有很多小肉芽是病吗

龟头流脓常见于淋球菌性尿道炎,淋球菌性尿道炎是很常见的,一种性传播疾病,淋球菌是一种革兰阴性双球菌,人类是其唯一的速度,链球菌感染人体后主要寄生在尿道粘膜引起排尿时尿道刺痛,并且尿道脓性分泌物增多
2023-06-25 03:58:4810

在香港hmv网购需要收关税吗?

不需要关税,邮费那么贵吗?以前从香港邮寄东西,才几十元的,不知道音像制品是不是有特殊要求!最好是问问客服,给他们发邮件确认一下,广东那么近!
2023-06-25 03:58:451

窄而浅配置策略有哪些连锁店

窄而浅配置策略的连锁店有HMV、GameStop、Bath&BodyWorks。1、HMV:这是一家以售卖音乐和影视制品为主的连锁店,集中经营某个领域的少数种类产品。HMV在全球范围内拥有超过400家门店,是音乐和影视制品零售业中的知名品牌之一。2、GameStop:这是一家以售卖电子游戏和游戏机为主的连锁店,也是采用“窄而浅”策略的典型代表之一。GameStop在全球范围内拥有超过5000家门店,是电子游戏零售业中的领先品牌之一。3、Bath&BodyWorks:这是一家以售卖沐浴用品、护肤品和香氛产品为主的连锁店,同样采用“窄而浅”策略。Bath&BodyWorks在美国拥有超过1700家门店,是沐浴用品和护肤品零售业中的领先品牌之一。
2023-06-25 03:58:381

弗洛伊德人格理论的人格发展理论有哪些阶段?

(1)口腔期(the oral stage,0~1 岁),性本能通过口腔活动得到满足,如咀嚼、吸吮或咬东西。若母亲对婴儿的口腔活动不加限制,儿童长大后的性格将倾向于开放、慷慨及乐观;若其口腔需要受到挫折,则未来性格发展可能偏向悲观、依赖和退缩。可见,弗洛伊德认为早期的经验对人格的发展会有长期的影响。(2)肛门期(the anal stage,1~3岁),随着括约肌的逐渐成熟,婴儿获得了依照自己的意愿大小便的能力。按自己的意志大小便是满足婴儿性本能的最主要的方式。但这一时期也正是成人对婴儿进行大小便训练的时期,要求婴儿在找到适当的场所之前必须忍住排泄的欲望,这与婴儿的本能产生了冲突。弗洛伊德认为母亲在训练婴儿大小便时的情绪气氛对其未来人格发展影响重大。过分严格的训练可能会形成顽固、吝啬的性格;而过于宽松又可能形成浪费的习性。 (3)性器期(the phallic stage,3~6岁),这一时期的儿童开始对自己的性器官产生兴趣,性器官成为全身最敏感的部位,儿童常以抚摸性器官获得快感。弗洛伊德认为这一时期的儿童都会产生想与异性父母有性爱关系的欲望,即所谓恋母情结或恋父情结。在正常发展的情况下,恋母情结或恋父情结会通过儿童对同性父母的认同,吸取他们的行为、态度和特质进而发展出相应的性别角色而获得解决。 (4)潜伏期(the latency stage,6~11岁),这个阶段,儿童的性本能是相当安静的,有关性的和侵犯的幻想大部分都潜伏起来,埋藏在无意识当中。性器期时性的创伤已被遗忘,一切危险的冲动和幻想都潜伏起来,儿童不再受到它们的干扰。儿童可以自由地将能量消耗在为社会所接受的具体活动当中去,如运动、游戏和智力活动等。 (5)两性期(the genital stage,也称青春期),一般女孩于11岁开始,男孩于13岁开始。随着生殖系统逐渐成熟,性荷尔蒙分泌的增多,性本能复苏,其目的是经由两性关系实现生育。这一时期的心理能量主要投注在形成友谊、生涯准备、示爱及结婚等活动中,以完成生儿育女的终极目标,使成熟的性本能得到满足。
2023-06-25 03:58:322

请问去香港那个里有唱片买?最好是在尖沙咀附近!

去海港城吧,那里位於 香港 九龙 尖沙咀 ,是香港最大面积的购物中心及名牌集中地,那里有一家唱片叫:香港唱片 详情:香港唱片地区:海港城.港威商场楼层:3商店号码:3320电话号码:2175 5700 2175 5766营业时间:10:00 AM - 10:00 PM
2023-06-25 03:58:312

四肢换季会出现疱疹型红色很痒跟性病有关系吗

疱疹包括:1.单纯疱疹2.带状疱疹3.生殖器疱疹,其中3归到性传播疾病中。单纯疱疹是一种由人类单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)感染所引起的病毒性皮肤病。传染性很小。带状疱疹系由水痘-带状疱疹病毒引起,初次感染水痘-带状疱疹病毒后表现为水痘或呈隐性感染,以后病毒长期潜伏于脊髓后根神经节的神经元内,当机体抵抗力下降及各种诱发刺激的作用下,可使之再活动,生长繁殖,引起相应神经分布区的水疱疹和神经痛,即带状疱疹。传染性较小,小儿易患水痘。生殖器疱疹(herpesgenital)是由单纯疱疹Ⅱ型病毒通过接触而传染的疾病。此病当机体抵抗力下降,如发热、劳累等因素下,易于发生。表现为群集丘疱疹,水疱、糜烂、灼热感。传染性较大
2023-06-25 03:58:241