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Detective novels 给我一篇

2023-06-28 06:23:02
TAG: cti ive els detect
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再也不做稀饭了

Complete holmes detect.it wanted -- Sapphire case

圣诞节后的第二个早晨,我怀着祝贺佳节的心情,前往探望我的朋友歇洛克·福尔摩斯。他身穿一件紫红色睡衣懒散地斜靠在一张长沙发上,右手边放着一个烟斗架,眼前还有一堆折皱了的晨报,显然是刚刚翻阅过的。沙发旁是一把木椅,椅子靠背上挂着一顶肮脏的破烂不堪的硬胎毡帽。帽子简直糟得不能再戴了,有好几处都裂了缝。椅垫上放着一个放大镜和一把镊子,这说明那顶帽子之所以用这样的方式挂着,目的是为了便于检查。

“你正忙着呢,”我说,“也许我打搅你了。”

“没有的话,我很高兴有一位朋友来和我一起讨论我研究所得的结果。这完全是一件毫无价值的东西。"说着,他竖起大拇指指了一下那顶帽子,“不过,同它有关联的几个问题却不是索然无味的,甚至还能给我们一些教益。”

我坐在他那张扶手椅上,就着木柴劈啪作响的炉火暖暖自己的双手,因为严寒已经降临,窗户上的玻璃都结了晶莹的冰凌。"我猜想,"我说道,“尽管这顶帽子很不雅观,但它却和某桩性命攸关的事故有所牵连,就是这条线索能引导你解开某个疑团,并且指导你去惩罚某种犯罪行为。”

“不,不,并非犯罪行为,"歇洛克·福尔摩斯笑着说,“这只不过是许多离奇的小事中的一件罢了。在一块仅有几平方英里的弹丸之地,拥挤不堪地住着四百万人口,这类小事是少不了的。在如此稠密的人群尔虞我诈的争逐中,各种错综复杂的事件都是可能发生的;有些疑难问题看起来很惊人和稀奇古怪,但并非就是犯罪行为。我们对于诸如此类的事件是早有经验的了。”

“是的,甚至到了这样的程度,”我说,“那就是我记录上最近增添的六个案件中,倒有三个完全与法律上的犯罪行为无关。”

“确切地说,你指的是我找回艾琳·艾德勒相片的尝试,玛丽·萨瑟兰小姐奇案和歪唇男人这几个案件吧。我不怀疑这件小事也属于法律上无罪的范畴。你认识看门人彼得森吗?”

“认识。”

“这就是他的战利品。”

“这是他的帽子?”

“不,不是。是他拣来的。帽主是谁尚未知晓。但请不要因为它只不过是一顶破毡帽而等闲视之,而应当把它当作一个需要智力才能解决的疑难问题来看待。首先说说这顶帽子的来历。它是连同一只大肥鹅一起在圣诞节早晨送到这里来的。我相信,此鹅现时正在彼得森的炉前烧烤。事情是这样的:圣诞节破晓大约四点钟的时候,彼得森,正如你所知道的,为人淳朴诚实,在某处参加了一个小小的欢宴之后正在归家途中,他是取道托特纳姆法院路走回家去的。在煤气灯下,他看见一个身材颇高的人在他前面走着,步伐有些蹒跚,肩上背着一只白鹅。当彼得森途经古治街拐角时,这个陌生人忽然和几个流氓发生了一场争吵。一个流氓把他的帽子打落在地,为此他抡起棍子进行自卫,他高举棍子四处挥舞,一下子把身后商店的玻璃橱窗打得粉碎。彼得森正想挺身而出,助这个陌生人一臂之力以对付这帮无赖,但那个陌生人正因打碎玻璃而感到惊慌,同时又瞧见一个身穿制服、状如警官的人冲他而来,于是把鹅丢下,拔腿就跑,很快地消失在托特纳姆法院路后面弯弯曲曲的小巷里。那帮流氓看见彼得森正在赶来也逃之夭夭了。这样,只留下了彼得森在那里,不仅占领了战场,而且掳获了这两样战利品:一顶破旧的毡帽和一只上等的圣诞大肥鹅。”

“他无疑是想把这些东西归还原主的吧?”

“我亲爱的伙伴,难题就出在这里。的确,这只鹅的左腿上系着一张写着"献给亨利·贝克夫人"的小卡片,而且这顶帽子的衬里也的确写着姓名缩写"H.B."的字样,但是,在我们这个城市里,姓贝克(Baker)的人数以千计,而名叫亨利·贝克(HenryBaker)的人又何止数百,所以要在这许多人中间找到失主,把东西归还给他,决不是一件容易的事。”

“那么,后来彼得森怎么办呢?”

“因为他知道我对那些即使是最细小的问题也是很感兴趣的,所以就在圣诞节早晨带着帽子和鹅到我这里来了。这只鹅我们一直留到今天早晨。尽管天气较冷,但有些迹象表明最好还是把它吃掉,没有必要再拖延了。因此彼得森带走它,去完成一只鹅的最终命运,而我则继续保留着这位失去了圣诞节佳馔的素未谋面的先生的帽子。”

“他没有在报纸上刊登寻找失物的启示吗?”

“没有。”

“那么,关于这个人的身份你有什么线索吗?”

“只有尽我们所能去推测。”

“从这顶帽子上?”

“对。”

“你真是会开玩笑,从这顶又破又旧的毡帽上你能推测出什么来?”

“这是我的放大镜,你素来知道我的方法。对于戴这顶帽子的那个人的个性,你能够推测出什么来吗?”

*我把这顶破烂帽子拿在手里,无可奈何地把它翻过来看看,这是一顶极其普通的圆形黑毡帽,硬邦邦的而且破旧得不堪再戴了。原来的红色丝绸衬里已经大大褪色,上面没有制帽商的商标,但是正象福尔摩斯说过的,在帽子的一侧,却有潦草涂写的姓名缩写字母"H.B."。为了防止被风刮跑,帽檐曾穿有小孔,但上面的松紧带已经没有了。至于其它情况,尽管似乎是为了掩盖帽子上几块褪了色的补丁而用墨水把它们涂黑了,但还是到处开裂,布满灰尘,有好几个地方污点斑斑。

“我看不出什么来。"我一面说着,一面把帽子递还我的朋友。

“恰恰相反,华生,你什么都能看出来,可是,你没有从所看到的东西作出推论。你对作出推论太缺乏信心了。”

“那么,请你告诉我你能够从这顶帽子作出什么推论呢?”

*他拿起帽子,并用他那独特的、足以表示他的性格的思考方式凝视着它。“这顶帽子可能提供的引人联想的东西也许要少一些,"他说道,“不过,还是有几点推论是很明显的,而其它几点推论至少或然率是很大的。从帽子的外观来看,很明显这个人是个学问渊博的人,而且在过去三年里,生活相当富裕,尽管他目前已处于窘境。他过去很有远见,可是,已今非昔比,再加上家道中落,因此,精神日趋颓废,这仿佛说明了他受到某种有害的影响,也许染上了酗酒的恶习,恐怕这也是他AE?子已不再爱他这一明显事实的原因。”

“哎呀,我亲爱的福尔摩斯,好了!”

“可是不管怎么样,他还保持着一定程度的自尊,"他没有理睬我的反对而继续说下去。

“他这个人一向深居简出,根本不锻炼身体,是个中年人,头发灰白,而且是最近几天刚刚理过的,头发上涂着柠檬膏,这些就是根据这顶帽子所推断出来的比较明显的事实。还有,顺便再提一下,他家里是绝对不可能安有煤气灯的。”

“你肯定是在开玩笑,福尔摩斯。”

“一点都不是开玩笑。难道现在当我把研究结果都告诉了你,你还看不出它们是怎样得出来的吗?”

“我并不怀疑我自己是很迟钝的,但是我必须承认我不能领会你说的话。举个例子说吧,你是怎样推断出这个人是很有学问的?”

*福尔摩斯啪的一下把帽子扣在头上来作为回答。帽子正好把整个前额罩住,并且压到了鼻梁上。"这是一个容积的问题,”他说,“有这么大脑袋的人,头脑里必定有些东西吧!”

“那么他家道中落又是怎么推断出来的呢?”

“这顶帽子已买了三年,这种平沿、帽边向上卷起的帽子当时是很时兴的。它是一顶第一流的帽子。你瞧瞧这条罗纹丝绸箍带儿和那华贵的衬里。如果这个人三年前买得起这么昂贵的帽子,而从那以后从没有买别的帽子,那么毫无疑问他是在走下坡路了。”

“噢,这一点当然很清楚了,但是说这个人有"远见",又说他"精神颓废"这是怎么回事呢?”

*歇洛克·福尔摩斯笑了起来,“这就说明有远见。"他一边说着,一边把手指放在钉松紧带用的小圆盘和搭环上。"出售的帽子从来不附带这些东西。这个人定做了这样一顶帽子,正好说明此人品有远见,因为他特意用这个方法来预防帽子被风刮跑。可是我们又看到他把松紧带弄坏了,而又不愿意费点事重新钉上一条,这清楚地说明他的远见已不如从前了,同时这也是他意志日渐消沉的一个明显证明。另一方面,他用墨水涂抹帽子上的污痕,拚命加以掩饰它的破旧,表明他还没有完全丧失他的自尊心。”

“当然你的推论似乎是言之有理的。”

“此外还有几点:他是个中年人,头发灰白,最近刚理过发,头上抹过柠檬膏。这些都是通过对帽子衬里下部的周密检查推断出来的。通过放大镜看到了许多被理发师剪刀剪过的整齐的头发楂儿。头发楂儿都是粘在一起的,而且有一种柠檬膏的特殊气味。而帽子上的这些尘土,你将会注意到,不是街道上夹杂砂粒的灰尘,而是房间里那种棕色的绒状尘土。这说明帽子大部分时间是挂在房间里的,而另一方面衬里的湿迹很清楚地证明戴帽子的人经常大量出汗,所以不可能是一个身体锻炼得很好的人。”

“可是他的妻子——你刚才说过她已经不再爱他了。”"这顶帽子已经有好几个星期没有掸掸刷刷了。我亲爱的华生,如果我看到你的帽子堆积了个把星期的灰尘,而且你的妻子听之任之,就让你这个样子去出访,我恐怕你也已经很不幸地失去你的妻子的爱情了。”

“可是他可能是个单身汉哪!”

“不可能,因为那天晚上他正要把那只鹅带回家去作为一件表示亲善的礼物献给他的妻子的。你可别忘了系在鹅腿上的那张卡片。”

“你对每个问题都做出了解答,可是你究竟是怎样推断出他家里没有安煤气灯的呢?”

“一滴烛油、或者甚至是两滴烛油,那可能是偶然滴上的;可是当我看到至少有五滴烛油时,我认为毫无疑问每一滴烛油都一定是由于常和点燃着的蜡烛接触而滴上的。比方说,夜里上楼时很可能是一手拿着帽子,而另一只手拿着淌着烛油的蜡烛。不管怎么说,他决不可能从煤气灯上沾上烛油。你现在相信了吧?”

“太好了,你的脑子真灵,"我笑着说,“但是既然象你刚才所说的,这中间没有犯罪行为,除了失去一只鹅以外,并未造成任何危害,所有的一切看来都是浪费精力了。”

*歇洛克·福尔摩斯刚要张开嘴回答我,只见房门猛地打开,看门人彼得森跑了进来,脸涨得通红,带着一种由于吃惊而感到茫然的神色。

“那只鹅,福尔摩斯先生!那只鹅,先生!"他喘着气说。

“噢,它怎么啦?莫非它又活了,拍打着翅膀从厨房的窗户飞了出去?"为了把这个人的激动面孔看得更清楚一些,福尔摩斯在沙发上转过身来。

“瞧,先生,你瞧我妻子从鹅的嗦囊里发现了什么!"他伸出手,在他手心上展现着一颗闪烁着夺目光辉的蓝宝石。这颗蓝宝石比黄豆稍微小一些,可是晶莹洁净、光彩闪闪,就象一道电光在他那黝黑的手心里闪烁着。

*歇洛克·福尔摩斯吹了一声口哨,坐了起来。“天啊,彼得森!"他说道,“这确实是一件秘藏的珍宝啊!我想你知道你得到的是什么。”

“一颗钻石,先生,是不是?一颗宝石。用它切割玻璃就象切割油泥一样。”

“这不是一颗平常的宝石,而恰恰是那颗名贵的宝石。”

“莫非是莫卡伯爵夫人的蓝宝石吗?"我喊了出来。

“一点都不错!因为我最近每天都看《泰晤士报》有关这颗宝右的奇事,我应该知道它的大小和形状的。这颗宝石绝对是独一无二的珍宝。它的价值只能约略估计。可是悬赏的报酬一千英镑肯定还不到这颗蓝宝石市价的二十分之一。”

“一千英镑!我的老天爷呀!"看门人品通一下跌坐在椅子上,瞪大眼睛轮番看着我和福尔摩斯。

“那只不过是赏格而已,而且我确实知道伯爵夫人由于暗中某些感情上的考虑,只要能够找回这颗宝石,她就是将财产分一半给人也会心甘情愿的。”

“如果我没有记错的话,这颗宝石是在"世界旅馆"丢失的。"我说道。

“的确如此,十二月二十二日,也就是五天以前。约翰·霍纳,一个管子工,被人指控从伯爵夫人的首饰匣里窃取了这颗宝石。因为他犯罪的证据确凿,现在这一案件已提交法庭。我想这里还有些关于这事件的记载。"他在那堆报纸里翻弄着,眼睛扫视一张张报纸上的日期,最后把一张报纸摊平,叠了一折,然后念了下面的段落:""世界旅馆"宝石偷窃案。约翰·霍纳,二十六岁,管子工,因本月二十二日从莫卡伯爵夫人首饰匣中窃取一颗以"蓝宝石"闻名的贵重宝石而被送交法院AE?诉。旅馆侍者领班詹姆士·赖德,对此案的证词如下:偷窃发生当天,他曾带领约翰·霍纳到楼上莫卡伯爵夫人的化妆室内焊接壁炉的第二根业已松动的炉栅。他和霍纳一起稍逗片刻,旋即被召走。及至重新回到该处,发现霍纳已经离去,而梳妆台则已被人撬开,有摩洛哥小首饰匣置于梳妆台上,里面已经空空如也。嗣后人们才知伯爵夫人习惯存放宝石于此匣内。赖德迅速报案,霍纳于当晚被捕。但从霍纳身上及其家中均未搜得宝石。伯爵夫人的女仆凯瑟琳·丘萨克宣誓证明曾听到赖德发现宝石被窃时的惊呼,并且证明她跑进房间时目睹情况和上述证人所述相符。B区布雷兹特里特巡官证明霍纳被捕时曾经拚命抗拒,并且用最强烈措词申辩自己乃是清白无辜的。鉴于以前有人证明他曾犯过类似盗窃案,地方法官拒绝草率从事,并已将此案提交巡回审判庭处理。霍纳于审讯过程中表现得异常激动,在判决时竟至昏厥而被抬出法庭。

“哼!警察局和法庭所提供的情况也就这么多了,"福尔摩斯若有所思地说着,顺手把报纸扔到一边。"我们现在要解决的问题是,把从被盗的首饰匣为AE?点到托特纳姆法院路拾到的那只鹅的嗦囊为终点的一系列事件按顺序理清楚。你知道吗?我们的小小推论已经很快地表现为严重性大为增加,而无罪的可能性大为减少这方面了。这就是那颗宝石,那颗宝石来自那只鹅,那只鹅来自亨利·贝克先生。关于这位先生的破帽子以及所有其它的特征的分析我已向你提供了。因此现在我们要认真地找到这位先生,并且弄清楚他在这小小的神秘事件中扮演的是什么样的角色。要做到这一点,我们开始必须使用最简单的方法。这方法无庸置疑地是在所有晚报上刊登一则启事。如果这种方法不成功,那么我将不得不借助于其它的方法了。”

“启事说什么呢?”

“给我一枝铅笔和一张纸。好,下面就是我要说的:

*"兹于古治街拐角拣到鹅一只和黑毡帽一顶。亨利·

*贝克先生请于晚六点半到贝克街221号乙询问,即可领

*回原物。"这样写既简单又明了。”

“对,很简单,很清楚,可是他会看到这个启事吗?”

“当然会的,他肯定会注意看报的,因为对于一个穷人来说,这损失也算是惨重的了。他显然由于打破玻璃闯了祸以及彼得森向他逼近,而惊慌失措,因此除了只顾逃跑以外,没有想到别的。可是,过后他一定是深感后悔莫及,痛惜一时的冲动而丢下了他的鹅。另外,报上刊登了他的名字一定会使他看报,因为每一个认识他的人都会提醒他去注意看报的。彼得森,这给你,赶快把它送到广告公司,并且要刊登在今天的晚报上。”

“登在哪家报纸上,先生?”

“噢,《环球报》、《星报》、《蓓尔美尔报》、《圣詹姆斯宫报》、《新闻晚报》、《回声报》和你想到的随便哪一家报纸。”

“是的,先生,那么这颗宝石怎么办呢?”

“噢,这颗宝石我先保存着,谢谢你,还有,彼得森,在你回来的路上买一只鹅送到我这里来,因为我必须给这位先生一只鹅来代替你们全家人正在吃的那只。”

*看门人走了以后,福尔摩斯拿起宝石对着光线仔细鉴赏,"真是一颗美奂绝伦的宝石,”他说,“请看看它是何等地光彩照耀呀!当然,它又是罪恶的渊薮。每颗珍贵的宝石无不如此。它们是魔鬼最得意的诱饵。在更大的和更古老的宝石上,每一个刻面都象征着一个血腥的罪行。这颗宝石问世以来还不到二十年,它是在华南厦门河岸上发现的。它的奇异之处在于:除了它是蔚蓝色的而不是鲜红色的这一点之外,它具有红宝石的一切特点,尽管它流传在世为时不长,可是已经有过一段不幸的历史了。由于这颗重四十谷的结晶碳的缘故,已经发①生了两起谋杀案,一起浇洒硝镪水毁人容貌案,一起自杀案,

*①谷是英美最小的重量单位,等于64.8毫克,原为小麦谷粒的平均重量。——编者注另外还有几起抢劫案。谁能想到如此美丽的小装饰品竟是向绞刑架和监狱输送罪犯的供应商呢?我要把它锁在我的保险柜里,并写一封短笺给伯爵夫人,说我们已经觅获这颗宝石。”

“你认为霍纳这个人是无罪的了?”

“我说不上来。”

“好,那么你认为另外那个人亨利·贝克和这件事有牵连了?”

“我想亨利·贝克很可能是绝对清白无辜的。他决不会想到他手里的鹅的价值比一只金子铸成的鹅的价值还要多得多。不管怎么样,如果我的启事得到答复,我就能通过一个极其简单的检验来测定这一点。”

“在此之前你无事可做了吗?”

“没有什么可做的了。”

“既然是这样,我将继续处理我的日常业务,不过我今天晚上会在你刚才说的时间回来,因为我很想看看如此复杂的事情是怎样迎刃而解的。”

“我会很高兴再见到你,我七点钟吃晚饭,我相信会吃到一只山鹬。顺便提一下,考虑到最近出现的情况,也许我应该请赫德森夫人检查一下那只山鹬的嗉囊。”

*有一个患者耽误了我一点时间,当我重新回到贝克街的时候,已经过了六点半了。我走近寓所时,看见一个身材高大的男人,身穿一件带苏格兰帽的上衣,上衣的纽扣一直扣到下巴底下。他正伫立在屋外一个从扇形窗里照射出来的半圆形的灯光下。我到达门口的时候,门正好打开,我们一起被领进福尔摩斯的房间。

“我相信你就是亨利·贝克先生。"他一边说着一边从扶手椅上站起身来,并且很快地摆出一副平易近人的和蔼神态来欢迎客人。“请坐在靠近壁炉的这把椅子上,贝克先生,今天晚上冷得很哪,我看得出你的血液循环夏天比冬天强。啊,华生,你来的正是时候。这是你的帽子吗,贝克先生?”

“是的,先生,这的确是我的帽子。”

*他身躯魁伟,膀圆腰粗,头颅很大,有一张宽阔、聪明的脸,和越往下越尖的已呈灰白色的棕色络腮胡须。鼻子和面颊略带红润之色,手伸出来时微微颤抖,这些特征使人想起了福尔摩斯对于他特征的臆测。他的已褪色的黑礼服大衣前面全都扣上了,领子也竖了起来,在大衣袖子下面露出细长的手腕,手腕上并没有袖口或衬衣的痕迹。他说话有些断断续续,措词谨慎,总的说来他给人留下了一个时运不济的文人学者的印象。

“这些东西在我们这儿保留好几天了,"福尔摩斯说,“因为我们期待着从你的寻物启事上看到你的地址。我不理解你为什么不登报呢?”

*我们的客人难为情地笑了笑,“我已经阮囊羞涩不象过去那么有钱了,"他说道。“我相信袭击我的那帮流氓早把我的帽子和鹅都抢走了。因此试图找回它们是毫无希望的,我不想为此再花钱了!”

“你说得很合乎情理,顺便提一下,至于那只鹅,我们不得已把它吃掉了。”

“吃掉了!"我们的客人激动得差一点站了起来。

“是的,如果我们不这么做的话,那只鹅对谁来说都将是不堪食用的了。但是,我认为餐柜上那只鹅的斤量和你的鹅不相上下,而且十分鲜嫩,这会同样使你满意的。”

“噢,那当然,那当然。"贝克先生松了一口气说。

“当然,我们还留着你自己那只鹅的羽毛、腿、嗉囊等等。所以,如果你希望……”

*这个人突然哈哈大笑起来。“这些东西作为我那次历险的纪念品也许有点用处,”他说,“除此以外,我简直看不出我的那只鹅的零碎遗物对我有何裨益。不,先生,如果你许可的话,我想我关心的将仅限于我所看到的餐柜上的那只绝妙的鹅。”

*歇洛克·福尔摩斯飞快地朝我看了一眼,略微耸了耸肩膀。

“那么,这是你的帽子;还有,这是你的鹅,"他说道,“顺便问一声,你能否费心告诉我们你那只鹅是从哪里买来的?我对饲养家禽颇感兴趣,比你那只长得更好的鹅,我还很少见过。”"当然可以,先生,"他站AE?身来并且把刚刚得到的财产夹在腋下说,“我们当中有些人经常出入博物馆附近的阿尔法小酒店,因为我们白天都在博物馆里。你明白吗?今年,我们的好店主,名叫温迪盖特,创办了一个鹅俱乐部,因为考虑到每星期向俱乐部交纳几个便士,所以我们每个人在圣诞节都收到了俱乐部给的一只鹅。我总是按时付钱。至于以后发生的事你已经都知道了。先生,因为戴一顶苏格兰帽既不适合我这样的年龄,也不适合我的身份,而你使我受惠非浅,我谨向你深表谢意。"他带着一种滑稽的自负神态向我们两人严肃地鞠了一躬,然后迈开大步走出房间。

“亨利·贝克先生的事情就到此结束。"福尔摩斯一边说着,一边随手关上了门。"很明显,他对此事是一无所知。你饿了吗?华生?”

“不十分饿。”

“那么我建议把我们的晚餐改为夜餐,我们应该顺藤摸瓜,要趁热打铁。”

“好的,当然可以。”

*这是一个凛冽的寒夜,所以我们都身穿长大衣,脖子围上了围巾。屋外,群星灿烂,在万里无云的黑夜里闪烁着寒光,过往行人喷出的呵气凝成冷雾,就象许多手枪在射击一样。我们的脚步发出了清脆而又响亮的声音。我们大步穿过了医师区、威姆波尔街、哈利街,然后又穿过了威格摩街到了牛津街,在一刻钟内我们到达博物馆区的阿尔法小酒店。这是一家很小的酒店,坐落在通向霍尔伯恩的一条街的拐角处。福尔摩斯推开这家私人酒店的门,从红光满面、系着白围裙的老板那里要了两杯啤酒。

“如果你的啤酒能象你的鹅一样出色,那将是最上等的啤酒了。"他说道。

“我的鹅!"这个人好象很吃惊。

“是的,仅在半小时以前我刚和你们俱乐部的会员亨利·贝克先生谈过。”

“啊,我明白了。可是你知道吗,先生,那些鹅不是我们的!”

“真的!那么,是谁的呢?”

“噢,我从考文特园一个推销员那里买了二十四只。”

“真的?我认识他们当中几个人,是哪一个呢?”

“他的名字叫布莱肯里奇。”"噢,我不认识他,好吧,老板,祝你身体健康,生意兴隆。再见。”

“现在去找布莱肯里奇,"我们离开酒店走进寒冷的空气中。他一边扣着外衣,一边继续往下说,“记住,华生,虽然在这条锁链的一端,我们现在只找到象鹅这样家常的东西,但在另一端,我们却会找到一个肯定将被判处七年徒刑的人,除非我们能够证明他是无罪的;可是,很可能我们的调查也许只能证明他有罪。无论如何,有一条被警察忽略了的调查线索由于一种特别机缘落入我们的手中。让我们顺着这条线索追查下去,直到水落石出为止。现在朝南快步前进!”

*我们穿过霍尔伯恩街,折入恩德尔街,接着又走过道路曲折的平民区来到了考文特园市场。在一些大货摊中有一个货摊的招牌上写着布莱肯里奇的名字。店主是个长脸的人,脸部瘦削,留着整齐的络腮胡子,这时候,他正在帮着一个小伙计收摊。

晚安,多么冷的夜晚哪!"福尔摩斯说。

*店主人点了点头,用怀疑的眼光打量了一下我的同伴。

“看光景鹅都卖完了。"福尔摩斯手指着空荡荡的大理石柜台接着说。

“明天早晨,我可以卖给你五百只鹅。”

“那没有用。”

“好吧,煤气灯亮着的那个货摊上还有几只。”

“噢,可是我是人家介绍到你这儿来的。”

“谁介绍的?”

“阿尔法酒店的老板。”

“噢,是的;我给他送去了二十四只。”

“那些鹅可真是不错啊。那么,你是从哪儿弄来的呢?”

*使我感到吃惊的是这个问题竟然惹得店主勃然大怒。

“那么,好吧,先生,"他扬着头,手叉着腰说,“你这是什么意思?有什么话咱们就直截了当地说个明白。”

“我已经够直截了当的了,我很想知道你供应阿尔法酒店的那些鹅是谁卖给你的?”

“噢,是这么一回事,我不想告诉你,就是这个样!”

“噢,这是一件无关紧要的事,但是我不明白你为什么会为这件小事而大动肝火?”

“大动肝火!如果你也象我那样被人纠缠的话,也许你也会大动肝火的。我花大价钱买好货,这不就完事了吗。但是你却要问:‘鹅在哪儿?""你们的鹅卖给谁了?"和"你们这些鹅要换些什么东西啊?"人们在听到对他们提出这些唠唠叨叨的问题时,也许会认为这些鹅在世界上是独一无二的了。”

“噢,可是我和别的提这些问题的人毫无联系,"福尔摩斯漫不经心地说,“如果你不愿意告诉我们,这个打赌就算吹了。我要说的就是这个话。但是我会永远坚持我在家禽问题上的看法。我在这个问题上下了五英镑的赌注,我敢断定我吃的那只鹅是在农村喂大的。”

“嘿,你那五英镑算是输掉了,因为它是在城里喂大的。”这位老板说。

“不是这样。”

“我说是这样。”

“我不信。”

“你以为你对于家禽的了解比我这个从当小伙计开始就同它们打交道的人还要内行吗?我告诉你,那些送到阿尔法酒店的鹅全是在城里喂大的。”

“你决不可能使我相信你的话。”

“那么你愿意打赌吗?”

“这不过是要让你输钱罢了,因为我知道我是正确的。但是我还是愿意拿出一个金镑的硬币和你打赌,仅仅是为了教训你不要固执己见。”

*店主狞笑起来。"把帐簿给我拿来,比尔,"他说道。

*那个小男孩取来一个薄薄的小帐本和一个封面沾满油腻的大帐本。把它们一起摊在吊灯下。

“喂,过于自信的先生,"店主人说道,“刚才我以为我把鹅都卖光了,可是在我结束营业之前,你会发现我们店里还剩下一只鹅,你看见这个小帐本了吗?”

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2023-06-28 03:36:324

求一篇关于【东野圭吾】的英文介绍

Keigo Higashino (东野 圭吾 Higashino Keigo?, February 4, 1958) is a Japanese author chiefly known for his mystery novels.[edit]BiographyBorn in Osaka, he started writing novels while still working as an engineer at Nippon Denso Co. (presently DENSO). He won the Edogawa Rampo Prize, which is awarded annually to the finest mystery work, in 1985 for the novel Hōkago (After School) at age 27. Subsequently, he quit his job and started a career as a writer in Tokyo.In 1999, he won the Mystery Writers of Japan Inc award for the novel Himitsu (The Secret), which was translated into English by Kerim Yasar and published by Vertical under the title of Naoko in 2004. In 2006, he won the 134th Naoki Prize for Yōgisha X no Kenshin. His novels had been nominated five times before winning with this novel.He writes not only mystery novels but also essays and story books for children. The style of writing differs from his novels, but basically he does not use as many characters as in his novels.[citation needed][edit]Main worksNovels:Hōkago (放课后?), 1985Naniwa shōnen tanteidan (浪花少年探侦団?), 1988Nemuri no mori (眠りの森?), 1989Henshin (変身?), 1991Parallel world love story (パラレルワールドu30fbラブストーリー?), 1994Himitsu (秘密?), 1998Byakuyakō (白夜行?), 1999Tegami (手纸?), 2003Samayou Yaiba (さまよう刃?), 2004Yōgisha X no Kenshin (容疑者Xの献身?), 2005 (Tantei Galileo Spin-off)Gen"ya (幻夜?), 2007Ryūsei no Kizuna (流星の绊?), 2008Kakkoh no Tamago ha Dare no Mono (カッコウの卵は谁のもの?), 2010Some of his novels have been made into TV drama series and films:Himitsu (Film, 1999 Original Title: Himitsu, 1998)Lakeside Murdercase (Film, 2004 Original Title: Lakeside, 2002)g@me (Film, 2003, Original Title: Game no na wa yūkai, 2002)Tokio chichi e no dengon (TV Drama, 2004 Aug-Sep, Original Title: Tokio 2002)Byakuyakō (2006)Galileo (TV Drama, 2007 and TV Drama SP, 2008, Original Title: Tantei Galileo 1998 and Yochimu 2000)Ryūsei no Kizuna (2008)Yōgisha X no Kenshin (Film, October 2008)Samayou Yaiba (Film, 2009)Shinzanmono (TV Drama, 2010)
2023-06-28 03:36:411

我叔叔并不后悔花那么多时间来看小说,用英语怎么说?

主要有两种表达:1. My uncle doesn"t feel sorry about spending a lot of time reading stories.2. My uncle doesn"t regret spending a lot of time reading stories.说明:许多用much也行,但小说用novels不合适,因为它是长篇小说的意思,原文并没有强调长篇小说。
2023-06-28 03:36:514

wessex novels名词解释

Wessex novels:韦塞克斯小说,这些小说描写了资本主义入侵后英国社会、经济、政治、伦理、风俗等领域发生的意想不到的巨大变化,以及支离破碎的农民的悲惨命运,揭示了维多利亚时代繁荣掩盖下的英国社会潜在危机。 扩展资料   英文解释:These novels describe the unexpected and huge changes in fields of society, economy, politics, ethics, and customs in England after the invasion of Capitalism, and the miserable fate of the broken farmers, and discover the potential crisis of the society in England which is under the mask of the Victorian thrive.
2023-06-28 03:37:051

He wrote a lot of novels,none of________was translated into a foreign language. A.them B.wh

D 试题分析:句意: 他写了很多个小说,其中没有一个翻译成外语。句子被逗号隔开,逗号前是一个完整的句子,中间又没有连词,所以逗号后应是从句,故排除A。先行词novels后面是一个定语从句,从句中少主语,有位于介词of后,故用关系代词which, that不能位于介词后,排除C。what不能引导定语从句。故选 D 。 考点:
2023-06-28 03:37:111

英语解答

应该是D吧...
2023-06-28 03:37:284

more than one student __read the novels.which _written by david .

你给的句子有问题哦,which之前不应该是句号哦。同意上一位的回答。
2023-06-28 03:37:474

(1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them

b用复数
2023-06-28 03:37:555

求,翻译!!

fsd
2023-06-28 03:38:434

we often read in novels how a seemingly respectable person has some

不能,会改变how,表示很惊讶的语气,而that只是陈述句,不温不火的,自然没有原文的讽刺意义。一个表面上多么受人尊敬的人可能会有许多见不得光的秘密。我们可以这么断句:weoftenreadinnovels/howaseeminglyrespectableperson/hassometerriblesecret(whichhasbeenconcealedfromstrangersforyears.)howaseeminglyrespectableperson这里做从句中的主语了。
2023-06-28 03:38:582

请问有no后加other这种用法吗

这几个词均属于定代词,它们在含义上有单复数之分,在用法上有泛指(无)与特指(有)之别,其具体用法可大致归纳如下表:单 数复 数作定语作主语或宾语作定语作主语或宾语泛指another(+n.)anotherother(+n.)others泛指不定数目中的另一个或类似的一个泛指另外的或其他的(人或物)特指theother(+n.)theothertheother(+n.)theothers特指两者中的另一个特指另外的或其他的(人或物)hefinishedhiscakeandaskedforanother(one).他吃光了他那块蛋糕后又要了一块。(泛指)shutthe(或your)othereye,too.另一只眼也闭上。(特指)sheisclevererthan(anyof)theothers(或theotherstudents)inherclass.她比班上的其他学生要聪明些。(特指)otherpeople(others)maynotthinkthatway.别的人可能不这样想。(泛指)注:(1)another(由an+other构成,但总是写成一个词,不能写成another)之后一般只接单数可数名词,不接复数名词或不可数名词。如:正:anotherday误:anotherdays/anothernews但是若复数名词之前有few或数词修饰,或不可数名词之前有piece(of)之类的单位词时,也可与another连用。如:正:anotherfew/fivedays/anotherpieceofnews(2)other与数词连用时,请注意体会下列句子(注意词序的变化以及与more或another的替换)。正:givemetheothertwobooks.正:givemethetwootherbooks.给我其它那两本书。误:he"swrittenothertwonovels.正:he"swrittentwoothernovels.正:he"swrittentwomorenovels.正:he"swrittenanothertwonovels.他又写了两本小说。(3)others泛指“别人”或“旁人”时,其前不能用the。误:bekindtotheothers.误:bekindtoothers.对别人要友好。(4)others与some对比使用时,others表示some(一些)的含义。如:somesayyes,andotherssayno.(=somesayyes,andsomesayno.)有人说对,有人说不对。=====*******======*******=======********希望可以帮到你哦!望采纳谢谢!o(∩_∩)o
2023-06-28 03:39:131

英语写作,急!

My name is ________. I am graduate from ________ senior high school and major in ________. There are ________ people in my family. My father works in a computer company. And my mother is a housewife. I am the youngest one in my family.In my spare time, I like to read novels. I think reading could enlarge my knowledge. As for novels, I could imagine whatever I like such as a well-known scientist or a kung-fu master. In addition to reading, I also like to play PC games. A lot of grownups think playing PC games hinders the students from learning. But I think PC games could motivate me to learn something such as English or Japanese.My favorite course is English because I think it is interesting to say one thing via different sounds. I wish my English could be improved in the next four years and be able to speak fluent English in the future.
2023-06-28 03:39:203

是否有语法错误?

《西游记》可能是中国文学四大经典小说中最具影响力的一部,也是国外最著名的一部小说。应该有问题,
2023-06-28 03:39:287

novels英文解释novels怎么读

1、novels,读音:美/nɑvl/。2、释义:n.小说(novel的复数)。3、例句:Sci-finovelsaretotallymywheelhouse.科幻小说完全是我的兴趣所在。
2023-06-28 03:40:221

novels什么意思

novels是是小说的意思。   实用场景例句:  With one exce-ption his novels are shallow and lifeless things。他的小说都是些肤浅沉闷的玩意儿,只有一本除外。  He wrote 54 crime novels, which spawned both movies and television shows。他写了54部侦探小说,很多被改编成了电影和电视剧。  I have twenty novels and countless magazine stories to my credit。我著有20部小说,还在杂志上发表了无数篇文章。
2023-06-28 03:40:491

novel的意思

novel的意思是:小说;新奇的。读音:英[u02c8nu0252vl],美[u02c8nɑu02d0vl]。释义:adj.新奇的;异常的。n.小说。例句:The modern novels are more and more boring and simple.现代小说越来越乏味单一。变形:复数novels,比较级more novel,最高级most novel。novel的近义词fiction读音:英[u02c8fu026aku0283n],美[u02c8fu026aku0283n]。释义:n. 小说;虚构的事;假想之物。例句:His new novel is a must for all lovers of crime fiction.他的新作是所有犯罪小说爱好者的必读书。读音:英[u02c8fu026aku0283n],美[u02c8fu026aku0283n]。复数:fictions。短语:modern〔popular〕fiction现代〔通俗〕小说。science fiction科学幻想小说。read a fiction读小说。
2023-06-28 03:40:561

10. Reading magazines and novels ________ helpful.

选AReadingmagazinesandnovels是主语,只有一个V-ing(动词ing形式),如果改为Readingmagazinesandwritingbooks_____helpful.就选B.因为有reading和writing2个动作。而C,D,都是完成时,直接排除。
2023-06-28 03:41:321

小说的英文怎么写

novel, fiction, story
2023-06-28 03:41:4912

Whose novels do you like best

Whose novels do you like best?句意:你最喜欢谁的小说?分析:该句话的答语可以是:I like Hemingway"s novels best.(我最喜欢海明威的小说。)
2023-06-28 03:42:191

求东野圭吾英语介绍presentation……

Keigo Higashino (东野 圭吾 Higashino Keigo?, February 4, 1958) is a Japanese author chiefly known for his mystery novels.[edit]BiographyBorn in Osaka, he started writing novels while still working as an engineer at Nippon Denso Co. (presently DENSO). He won the Edogawa Rampo Prize, which is awarded annually to the finest mystery work, in 1985 for the novel Hōkago (After School) at age 27. Subsequently, he quit his job and started a career as a writer in Tokyo.In 1999, he won the Mystery Writers of Japan Inc award for the novel Himitsu (The Secret), which was translated into English by Kerim Yasar and published by Vertical under the title of Naoko in 2004. In 2006, he won the 134th Naoki Prize for Yōgisha X no Kenshin. His novels had been nominated five times before winning with this novel.He writes not only mystery novels but also essays and story books for children. The style of writing differs from his novels, but basically he does not use as many characters as in his novels.[citation needed][edit]Main worksNovels:Hōkago (放课后?), 1985Naniwa shōnen tanteidan (浪花少年探侦団?), 1988Nemuri no mori (眠りの森?), 1989Henshin (変身?), 1991Parallel world love story (パラレルワールドu30fbラブストーリー?), 1994Himitsu (秘密?), 1998Byakuyakō (白夜行?), 1999Tegami (手纸?), 2003Samayou Yaiba (さまよう刃?), 2004Yōgisha X no Kenshin (容疑者Xの献身?), 2005 (Tantei Galileo Spin-off)Gen"ya (幻夜?), 2007Ryūsei no Kizuna (流星の绊?), 2008Kakkoh no Tamago ha Dare no Mono (カッコウの卵は谁のもの?), 2010Some of his novels have been made into TV drama series and films:Himitsu (Film, 1999 Original Title: Himitsu, 1998)Lakeside Murdercase (Film, 2004 Original Title: Lakeside, 2002)g@me (Film, 2003, Original Title: Game no na wa yūkai, 2002)Tokio chichi e no dengon (TV Drama, 2004 Aug-Sep, Original Title: Tokio 2002)Byakuyakō (2006)Galileo (TV Drama, 2007 and TV Drama SP, 2008, Original Title: Tantei Galileo 1998 and Yochimu 2000)Ryūsei no Kizuna (2008)Yōgisha X no Kenshin (Film, October 2008)Samayou Yaiba (Film, 2009)Shinzanmono (TV Drama, 2010)
2023-06-28 03:42:251

He____novels, whenever his wife goes shopping.

b
2023-06-28 03:42:334

英语长句分析

这个真不好说!
2023-06-28 03:42:544

用英语翻译“她创作了大量高质量并受世人追捧的小说,常被翻译成法、荷、西、日等多国文字。 ”

She has written a number of high-quality and popular novels, often translated into French, Dutch, Western and Japanese characters.
2023-06-28 03:43:043

我们都喜欢看小说.用英语怎么说?

有两种说法English:We all like to read novels。 We all like reading novelsChinese:我们都喜欢看小说.
2023-06-28 03:43:124

1 . i have a lot of books , half of them novels

half of them novels是简化句,原来完整的句子是half of which (指的是books) are novels. 因为which are都没有实在的意思,所以都可以省略,构成所谓的“简化句”
2023-06-28 03:43:181

麻烦哪一位老师帮忙讲解一下下面的几个句子:1.This is one of the best novles that were

首先要搞清楚that引导的定语从句是修饰哪个中心语的第一个句子:这是去年出版的最好的小说之一, 可知that引导的定语从句是修饰the best novels,所以用复数第二个句子:这是去年出版的仅有的一部最好的小说,可知that引导的定语从句是修饰the only one of the best novels,所以用单数第三个句子:这只是去年出版的最好的小说之一,解释如第一个句子。希望能帮到你,祝你成功!
2023-06-28 03:43:264

玄幻小说的英文怎么说?

Fantasy novel
2023-06-28 03:43:345

this is one of the best novels that

选择D 因为首先 appear这个单词是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态,其次 这是一个定语从句that指的是前面的Novels所以应该选have
2023-06-28 03:43:481

write novels是什么意思

写小说
2023-06-28 03:43:541

i like reading novels

I like reading because it opens up the world to me.Reading can take me to anywhere of the world and reading can give me answers to many questions I have about the world.Reading can also make me happy.Lots of novels can take me to the past and the future.Lots of poems can make me feel peaceful and pleasant. Reading can make my life more colorful.Without it,our contacts with others are limited.We can only communicate through speeches.But,reading can help me to communicate with more people at any time.It can enrich my life. So,I will read whenever I can.
2023-06-28 03:44:031

“我还非常喜欢看书,特别是小说。”用英语怎么说?

I also very like reading books, especially novels.
2023-06-28 03:44:213

英语成分分析?

不是。谓语只有read这里have read 是动词的现在完成时形式。整句意思:我已经读完了几本小说了。希望可以帮到你~
2023-06-28 03:44:313

英语问题

hare
2023-06-28 03:44:414

翻译短文。

Li Ming is a nurse.After getting back home from the hospital,she spends 20 minutes reading books besides doing housework every day.She likes reading any book,such as novels,medical books,caring books and computer books.She even reads baby picture books.She reads very quickly,and can fnishes a novel about 3,000,000 words a day.She can find all the importance in a 50-page article in 10 minutes.She said:"I like reading because books can make me happy.If we want to read quickly,we have to often train ourselves.I know that the things we can learn from school are limited uff0cbut the things we learn by ourselves are limitless."
2023-06-28 03:44:573

对英语大学生活的期望英语如何作文?

“大学生活的期望英语”技巧:1.对比高中,大学所呈现的不同生活;2.想象自己希望的大学生活;3.最后表达对大学生活的期待。【免费领取,外教一对一精品课程】点击领取欧美一对一外教课一节,还可以免费测试英语水平哦~学英语,欢迎大家来阿卡索,纯正外教一对一教学,外教皆持证上岗,跟着外教学习纯正的口语,价格也是很划算的,课均不到20元,保证每一位学员在这里都能找到合适的外教老师!对大学生活的期望英语作文范文参考:When I was in high school , I had dreamt of having a wonderful life in college . I said to myself that I would do lots of interesting things to make the next few years filled with happiness. I even make a detailed plan . but when I entered college I found it quite different from what I thought before ,I felt a little depressed .As I don"t know what to do after class .in fact , we have far less lessons than we had in high school;. So , what should I do in the long spare time . I didn"t know ,so I spent much of my time reading , you know ,some novels , but ,day after day ,I began to feel boring only to read . Will the next four years be the same ? I wondered .if so , I will be crazy ,Four years have too much spare time , four years reading novels ,four years feel depressed ,I couldn"t think more about it .So after a period of several weeks , I started to make a plan for my college life , in order to make it colorful and valuable . First of all , I should get up early in the morning rather than sleep late , even on the weekends, then I can do some exercises as body building .Second , I should go to the library , of course , not just for novels , other kinds of books like maths , English are included . if I still have some spare tie , I will find a part-time job . in this way , I could gain some money and what is the most important, experience , I can know more about the real world . 不知道如何选择英语机构,可以百度咨询“阿卡索vivi老师”;如果想下载免费英语资源,可以百度搜索“阿卡索官网论坛”。
2023-06-28 03:45:041

He ____ novels, whenever his wife goes shopping. A) is reading B) reads C) has read D) has been read

B. reads
2023-06-28 03:46:033

看小说、看新闻的英语词组分别是什么

Read novels online,catch the news
2023-06-28 03:46:114

his novels do not sell和his novels are not sold这两个句子怎么区分

没看懂什么意思?
2023-06-28 03:46:292

自考《英美文学选读》(英)现代文学时期(1)

Chapter 5 The Modern Period   Ⅰ。学习目的和要求   通过本章的学习,了解20世纪批判现实主义文学和现代主义文学产生的历史、文化背景。认识该时期文学创作的基本特征、基本主张,及其对现当代英国文学乃至文化的影响;了解该时期重要作家的文学创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等;同时结合注释,读懂所选作品,了解其思想内容和写作特色,培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。   Ⅱ。本章重点及难点   1. 英国现代文学的特征   2. 主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格   3. 名词解释:现代主义   4. 应用:选读作品的主题结构、艺术特色、人物刻画和语言风格,如   (1)叶芝和艾略特诗歌(所选作品)的主题、意象分析   (2)小说《儿子与情人》的主题和主要人物的性格分析   (3)意识流小说的主要特色分析   (4)萧伯纳戏剧的特点与社会意义分析   Ⅲ。考核知识点和考核要求   (一)现代时期概述   1.识记:   A. 20世纪英国社会的政治、经济、文化背景   B.英国20世纪批判现实主义文学   C.现代主义文学的兴起与衰落   2.领会:   A. 现代主义文学创作的基本主张   B.英国现代主义文学思潮   (1)诗歌   (2)小说   (3)戏剧   3.应用:   A.名词解释:现代主义   B.英国现代主义文学的特点   C.现代主义文学对当代文学的影响   (二)现代时期的主要作家   A.萧伯纳   1.一般:萧伯纳的生平与文学生涯。   2.识记:   A.萧伯纳的政治改革思想和文学创作主张   B.萧伯纳的戏剧创作   (1)早期主要作品:《鳏夫的房产》、《华伦夫人的职业》、《康蒂坦》、《凯撒和克莉奥佩特拉》   (2)中期作品:《人与超人》、《巴巴拉少校》、《皮格马利翁》   (3)晚期作品:《伤心之家》、《回到麦修色拉》、《圣女贞德》、《苹果车》   3.领会:   A.萧伯纳戏剧的特点与社会意义   B.萧伯纳的戏剧对20世纪英国文学的影响   4.应用:   A.《华伦夫人的职业》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义   B.选读:所选作品的主要内容、人物塑造、语言特点、艺术手法等   B.约翰。高尔斯华绥   1.一般识记:高尔斯华绥的生平与文学生涯   2.识记: 高尔斯华绥的文学创作   (1)戏剧:《银盒》、《正义》、《斗争》   (2)小说:《福赛特世家》(《有产业的人》、《骑虎》、《出租》)、《现代喜剧》   3.领会:   A.高尔斯华绥的创作思想   B.高尔斯华绥批判现实主义小说的主要特点及社会意义   4.应用:   选读:所选作品的主要内容、人物性格。语言特点、叙述手法等   C、威廉。勃特勒。叶芝   1.一般:叶芝的生平及文学生涯   2.识记:叶芝诗歌的代表作品   (1)早期诗歌:《茵尼斯弗利岛》、《梦见仙境的人》、《玫瑰》   (2)中期诗歌:《新的纪元》、《1916年的复活节》   (3)晚期诗歌:《驶向拜占廷》、《丽达及天鹅》、《在学童们中间》   3.领会:   A.叶芝的诗歌创作思想   B.叶芝诗歌的特点及思想意义   C.叶芝诗歌的艺术成就   D.叶芝的诗歌对当代英国文学的影响   E.叶芝的戏剧创作   4.应用:选读:、所选作品的主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等   D、T.S.艾略特   1.一般识记:艾略特的生平及创作生涯   2.识记: 艾略特的主要诗歌作品   (1)《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》   (2)《荒原》   (3)《灰星期三》   (4)《四个四重奏》   3.领会:   A.艾略特的文学理论与文艺批评观   B.艾略特诗歌的艺术特色及社会意义   C.艾略特的戏剧   D. 文略特的艺术成就   E.艾略特的文学创作及文艺批评思想对现当代英国文学的影响   4.应用:   A.《荒原》主题、结构、神话、象征、语言特色及社会意义   B.选读:所选作品的主题结构、思想内容、语言特点、艺术手法等   E.戴维。赫伯特。劳伦斯   1.一般识记:劳伦斯的生平及文学生涯   2.识记: 劳伦斯的主要小说   (1)《儿子与情人》   (2)《虹》   (3)《恋爱中的女人》   3.领会:   A. 劳伦斯的创作思想   B. 劳伦斯小说的主要艺术特色及社会意义 .   C. 劳伦斯的小说对现当代英国文学的影响   4.应用:   A.《儿子与情人》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义   B.选读:所选作品的主要内容、人物性格、语言特点、艺术手法等   F.詹姆斯。乔伊斯   1.一般识记:乔伊斯的生平与创作生涯   2.识记:乔伊斯的主要作品简介   (1)《都柏林人》   (2)《青年艺术家的肖像》   (3)《尤利西斯》   3.领会:   A. 乔伊斯的文学创作主张与美学思想   B. 乔伊斯小说的主要艺术特色及思想意义   C.乔伊斯的艺术成就   D.乔伊斯的作品对现当代世界文学的影响   4.应用:   A. 意识流小说的主要特色分析   B. 选读:所选作品的主题思想、人物塑造、语言特色、艺术手法等   Chapter 5 The Modern Period   一。识记:   1. The social, ideological background of the modern English literature:   (1) The influences of the two World Wars on English literature:   Modernism rose out of skepticism and disillusion of capitalism. The First World War and the Second World War had greatly influenced the English literature. The catastrophic First World War tremendously weakened the British Empire and brought about great sufferings to its people as well. Its appalling shock severely destroyed people"s faith in the Victorian values; The postwar economic dislocation and spiritual disillusion produced a profound impact upon the British people, who came to see the prevalent wretchedness in capitalism.   The Second World War marked the last stage of the disintegration of the British Empire. Britain suffered heavy losses in the war: thousands of people were killed; the economy was ruined; and almost all its former colonies were lost. People were in economic, cultural, and belief crisises.   (2) Ideologically, the rise of the irrational philosophy and new science greatly incited modern writers to make new explorations on human natures and human relationships. (a) In the mid-19th century, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels put forward the theory of scientific socialism, which not only provided a guiding principle for the working people, but also inspired them to make dauntless fights for their own emancipation. (b) Darwin"s theory of evolution exerted a strong influence upon the people, causing many to lose their religious faith. The social Darwinism, under the cover of "survival of the fittest," vehemently advocated colonialism or jingoism. (c) Einstein"s theory of relativity provided entirely new ideas for the concepts of time and space. (d) Freud"s analytical psychology drastically altered our conception of human nature. (e) Arthur Schopenhauer, a pessimistic philosopher started a rebellion against rationalism, stressing the importance of will and intuition. (f) Having inherited the basic principles from Schopenhauer, Friedrich Nietzsche went further against rationalism by advocating the doctrines of power and superman and by completely rejecting the Christian morality. (g) Based on the major ideas of his predecessors, Henry Bergson established his irrational philosophy which put the emphasis on creation, intuition, irrationality and unconsciousness. All these irrationalist philosophers exerted immense influence upon the major modernist writers in Britain.   So, after the First World War, all kinds of literary trends of modernism appeared: symbolism, expressionism, surrealism, cubism, futurism, Dadaism, imagism and stream of consciousness. Towards the 1920s, these trends converged into a mighty torrent of modernist movement, which swept across the whole Europe and America. After the Second World War, a variety of modernism, or post-modernism, like existentialist literature, theater of the absurd, new novels and black humor, rose with the spur of the existentialist idea that "the world was absurd, and the human life was an agony."   2. The development of English poetry in the 20th century:   The 20th century has witnessed a great achievement in English poetry. In the early years of this century, Thomas Hardy and the war poets of the younger generation were important realistic poets. Hardy expressed his strong sympathies for the suffering poor and his bitter disgusts at the social evils in his poetry as in his novels. The soldiers-poets of World War I revealed the appalling brutality of the war in a most realistic way. The early poems of Pound and Eliot and Yeats"s matured poetry marked the rise of "modern poetry," which was, in some sense, a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Victorian poetry. The modernist poets fought against the romantic fuzziness and self-indulged emotionalism, advocating new ideas in poetry- writing such as to use the language of common speech, to create new rhythms as the expression of a new mood, to allow absolute freedom in choosing subjects, and to use hard, clear and precise images in poems.   The 1930s witnessed great economic depressions, mass unemployment, and the rise of the Nazis. Facing such a severe situation, most of the young intellects started to turn to the left. And therefore the period was known as "the red thirties." A group of young poets during this period expressed in their poetry a radical political enthusiasm and a strong protest against fascism. With the coming of the 1950s, there was a return of realistic poetry again. By advocating reason, moral discipline, and traditional forms, a new generation of poets started "The Movement," which explicitly rejected the modernist influence. There was no significant poetic movement in the 1960s. A multiplicity of choices opened to both the poet and the reader. Poets gradually moved into more individual styles.   3. Realism in the 20th century English literature:   The realistic novels in the early 20th century were the continuation of the Victorian tradition, yet its exposing and criticizing power against capitalist evils had been somewhat weakened both in width and depth. The outstanding realistic novelists of this period were John Galsworthy, H. G. Wells, and Arnold Eennett. The three trilogies of Galsworthy"s Forsyte novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century, which revealed the corrupted capitalist world. In his novels of social satire, H. G. Wells made realistic studies of the aspirations and frustrations of the "Little Man;" whereas Bennett presented a vivid picture of the English life in the industrial Midlands in his best novels.   Realism was, to a certain extent, eclipsed by the rapid rise of modernism in the 1920s. But with the strong swing of leftism in the 1930s, novelists began to turn their attention to the urgent social problems. They also enriched the traditional ways of creation by adopting some of the modernist techniques. However, the realistic novels of this period were more or less touched by a pessimistic mood, preoccupied with the theme of man"s loneliness, and shaped in different forms: social satires by Aldous Huxley and George Orwell comic satires on the English upper class by Evelyn Waugh; and Catholic novels by Graham Greene. Another important group of young novelists and playwrights with lower-middle-class or working-class background in the mid-1950s and early 1960s known as "The Angry Young Man." They demonstrated a particular disillusion over the depressing situation in Britain and launched a bitter protest against the outmoded social and political values in their society. Kingsley Amis, John Wain, John Braine and Alan Sillitoe were the major novelists in this group. They portrayed unadorned working-class life in their novels with great freshness and vigor of the working-class language. Amis was the first to start the attack on middle-class privileges and power in his novel Lucky Jim (1954)。 The term "The Angry Young Man" came to be widely   Having been merged and interpenetrated with modernism in the past several decades, the realistic novel of the 1960s and 1970s appeared in a new face with a richer, more vigorous and more diversified style.   二。领会:   1.Modern English poetry:   It is, in some sense, a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Victorian poetry. The modernist poets fought against the romantic fuzziness and self-indulged emotionalism, advocating new ideas in poetry- writing such as to use the language of common speech, to create new rhythms as the expression of a new mood, to allow absolute freedom in choosing subjects, and to use hard, clear and precise images in poems.   2. Modern English novels:   The first three decades of 20th century were golden years of the modernist novel. In stimulating the technical innovations of novel creation, the theory of the Freudian and Jungian psycho-analysis played a particularly important role. With the notion that multiple levels of consciousness existed simultaneously in the human mind, that one"s present was the sum of his past, present and future, and that the whole truth about human beings existed in the unique, isolated, and private world of each individual, writers like Dorothy Richardson, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf concentrated all their efforts on digging into the human consciousness. They had created unprecedented stream-of-consciousness novels such as Pilgrimage by Richardson, Ulysses (1922) by Joyce, and Mrs. Dalloway (1925) by Woolf. One of the remarkable features of their writings was their continuous experimentation on new and sophisticated techniques in novel writing, which made tremendous impacts on the creation of both realistic and modernist novels in this century.   James Joyce is the most outstanding stream-of-consciousness novelist; in Ulysses, his encyclopedia-like masterpiece, Joyce presents a fantastic picture of the disjointed, illogical, illusory, and mental- emotional life of Leopold Bloom, who becomes the symbol of everyman in the post-World-War-ⅠEurope.   In the works of E. M. Forster and D. H. Lawrence, old traditions are still there, but their subject matter about human relationships and their symbolic or psychological presentations of the novel are entirely modern. Forster"s masterpiece, A Passage to India (1924), is a novel of decidedly symbolist aspirations, in which the author set up, within a realistic story, a fable of moral significance that implies a highly mystical, symbolic view of life, death, human relationship, and the relationship of man with the infinite universe. D. H. Lawrence is regarded as revolutionary as Joyce in novel writing; but unlike Joyce, he was not concerned with technical innovations; his interest lay in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature. He believed that life impulse was the primacy of man"s instinct, and that any conscious repression of such an impulse would cause distortion or perversion of the individual"s personality. In his best novels like The Rainbow (1915) and Women in Love (1920), Lawrence made a bold psychological exploration of various human relationships, especially those
2023-06-28 03:46:361

英语达人帮忙翻译几个词

呵呵,太难了,中文博大精深呀
2023-06-28 03:46:444