《Hamlet》英文内容简介

哈姆雷特 prince hamlet —— 丹麦王子。为父王的鬼魂所困扰，要对杀父凶手复仇。经历了痛苦的挣扎之后他达成了目的，整个王宫也陷入了死亡的恐怖之中。他最后也中了致命的毒剑死去。克劳地 claudius —— 丹麦现任国王。他是哈姆雷特的叔父，在哥哥死后继任了王位。老王的鬼魂告诉哈姆雷特，他正是谋杀自己的凶手。他罪有应得，最后死在侄子复仇的毒剑下。鬼魂 king hamlet (ghost) —— 哈姆雷特的父亲死后化成的鬼魂。他被弟弟毒死时，哈姆雷特正在国外。葛簇特 gertrude—— 丹麦王后，王子的亲生母亲。老王死后她改嫁克劳地，在莎士比亚的时代这种关系被视为乱伦，所以引起了哈姆雷特的仇恨。她替哈姆雷特误喝下了克劳地预设的毒酒，当场身亡。波隆尼尔 polonius—— 克劳地的御前大臣。他是个出了名的老顽固，阻挠哈姆雷特与欧菲莉亚之间的爱情。哈姆雷特总是假装呆头呆脑来戏弄他。他躲在一块挂毯后，偷听哈姆雷特与王后的谈话时，被王子一剑刺死。雷尔提 laertes—— 波隆尼尔的儿子。为了父亲和妹妹的死用剑杀死了哈姆雷特。他也死在哈姆雷特的毒剑下，尽管当时哈姆雷特没有意识到剑是带毒的。欧菲莉亚 ophelia—— 波隆尼尔的女儿。她与哈姆雷特双双陷入爱河，但种种阻力警告王子，政治地位使他们无望结合。作为哈姆雷特疯狂复仇计划的一部分，她被他无情抛弃，加上父亲的死让她陷入精神错乱，最终失足落水溺毙。赫瑞修 horatio—— 哈姆雷特大学里的密友。他没有直接卷入王室之间的阴谋，所以他成了哈姆雷特的传声筒，莎翁用他来烘托剧情。他也是唯一一个活到全剧结束的主要角色。虽然他曾扬言要自杀。罗生克兰和盖登思邓 rosencrantz & guildernstern—— 都是哈姆雷特大学中的老同学。他们被克劳地招来照看哈姆雷特。虽然两人在剧中的作用不大，但王子很快就猜疑两人是间谍。当国王下密令要处死远在英国的哈姆雷特时，他把名字偷换了。于是两人在幕后莫名其妙地死去。福丁布拉 fortinbras—— 挪威王子。在剧中只有短短的过场戏。但他的重要性在于，全剧的最后台词由他说出，似乎象征着一个更为光明的未来，阐述了剧作主题。

圭圭圭圭炎炎 2006-11-17 18:48:56 补充： [编辑] 主要角色（因为版本差异，人名可能有出入，请参考英文原名和莎剧汉译。以下从邹孟武译本。）哈姆雷特 Prince Hamlet —— 丹麦王子。为父王的鬼魂所困扰，要对杀父凶手复仇。经历了痛苦的挣扎之后他达成了目的，整个王宫也陷入了死亡的恐怖之中。他最后也中了致命的毒剑死去。 2006-11-17 18:49:10 补充： 克劳地 Claudius —— 丹麦现任国王。他是哈姆雷特的叔父，在哥哥死后继任了王位。老王的鬼魂告诉哈姆雷特，他正是谋杀自己的凶手。他罪有应得，最后死在侄子复仇的毒剑下。鬼魂 King Hamlet (Ghost) —— 哈姆雷特的父亲死后化成的鬼魂。他被弟弟毒死时，哈姆雷特正在国外。 2006-11-17 18:49:21 补充： 葛簇特 Gertrude—— 丹麦王后，王子的亲生母亲。老王死后她改嫁克劳地，在莎士比亚的时代这种关系被视为 *** ，所以引起了哈姆雷特的仇恨。她替哈姆雷特误喝下了克劳地预设的毒酒，当场身亡。波隆尼尔 Polonius—— 克劳地的御前大臣。他是个出了名的老顽固，阻挠哈姆雷特与欧菲莉亚之间的爱情。哈姆雷特总是假装呆头呆脑来戏弄他。他躲在一块挂毯后，偷听哈姆雷特与王后的谈话时，被王子一剑刺死。 2006-11-17 18:49:37 补充： 雷尔提 Laertes—— 波隆尼尔的儿子。为了父亲和妹妹的死用剑杀死了哈姆雷特。他也死在哈姆雷特的毒剑下，尽管当时哈姆雷特没有意识到剑是带毒的。欧菲莉亚 Ophelia—— 波隆尼尔的女儿。她与哈姆雷特双双陷入爱河，但种种阻力警告王子，政治地位使他们无望结合。作为哈姆雷特疯狂复仇计划的一部分，她被他无情抛弃，加上父亲的死让她陷入精神错乱，最终失足落水溺毙。 2006-11-17 18:49:54 补充： 赫瑞修 Horatio—— 哈姆雷特大学里的密友。他没有直接卷入王室之间的阴谋，所以他成了哈姆雷特的传声筒，莎翁用他来烘托剧情。他也是唯一一个活到全剧结束的主要角色。虽然他曾扬言要自杀。罗生克兰和盖登思邓 Rosencrantz & Guildernstern—— 都是哈姆雷特大学中的老同学。他们被克劳地招来照看哈姆雷特。虽然两人在剧中的作用不大，但王子很快就猜疑两人是间谍。当国王下密令要处死远在英国的哈姆雷特时，他把名字偷换了。于是两人在幕后莫名其妙地死去。 2006-11-17 18:50:03 补充： 福丁布拉 Fortinbras—— 挪威王子。在剧中只有短短的过场戏。但他的重要性在于，全剧的最后台词由他说出，似乎象征著一个更为光明的未来，阐述了剧作主题。 1)保罗 2)哈姆雷特 3)凯瑟琳女皇(2"s mum) 4)2"s dad 5)4"s brother 保罗的一生，与哈姆雷特惊人地相似，故有「俄罗斯哈姆雷特」之称。父皇彼得大帝被谋杀身亡，母后继位为凯瑟琳女皇，因皇后害怕身为皇储的儿子，保罗一直活在被监视、充满计谋、恐惧和羞辱之中；令他产生幻觉、恐惧迫害。 他看到彼得的鬼魂，也预感到自己悲剧性的死亡，希望尽快登上皇位，进行改革；但他心意未达已被杀，且死得很惨，还备受唾骂……。 唐璜是莫里哀作品《情圣唐璜》中的主角，1个充满诱人魅力，却厚颜 *** 、到处留情的西班牙贵族。他数不尽的胜利令他丧失了爱的感觉。 最后，被他杀死的骑士的墓前石像显灵，邀他赴宴，把他拉下地狱，但他却至死不悔。 舞团6月9日及10日晚上7时30分上演《俄罗斯王子复仇记》，6月11日晚上7时30分演出《唐璜与莫里哀》。 由编舞家波里斯u2027艾库曼1977年成立的俄罗斯圣彼得堡艾库曼芭蕾舞团，与基洛夫芭蕾舞团及莫斯科大剧院芭蕾舞团齐名，同获封为「国家艺团」。 艾库曼革新了俄罗斯古典舞的概念，把芭蕾舞的情意表达推至极限。成员集舞蹈家与演员的才华于一身，拥有坚实的古典芭蕾舞基础，跳出创新、现代的舞蹈。 芭蕾舞剧门票分360元、280元、200元及120元，即日起在各城市电脑售票处发售，设有高龄、残疾人士、全日制学生及综援领取人士半价优惠。同时购买《俄罗斯王子复仇记》及《唐璜与莫里哀》门票可获 95 折优惠。 节目详情可浏览这里，节目及座谈会的查询，可致电2268 7323；票务查询及留座，可致电2734 9009；信用卡购票可电：2111 5999，也可网上订票。

你好 奥菲莉亚的正确写法是：Ophelia

Prince Hamlet is a fictional character, the protagonist in Shakespeare"s tragedy Hamlet. He is the Prince of Denmark, nephew to the usurping Claudius and son of the previous King of Denmark, Old Hamlet. Throughout the play he struggles with whether, and how, to avenge the murder of his father, and struggles with his own sanity along the way. By the end of the tragedy, Hamlet has caused the deaths of Polonius, Laertes, Claudius and his two childhood friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. He is also indirectly involved in the deaths of his love Ophelia (drowning) and of his mother Gertrude (poisoned by mistake). Hamlet himself is the final character to die in the play.

雷欧提斯 Laertes—— 哈姆莱特的爱人奥菲莉娅的哥哥，波洛涅斯的儿子。为了父亲和妹妹的死用剑杀死了哈姆雷特。他也死在哈姆雷特的毒剑下，尽管当时哈姆雷特没有意识到剑是带毒的。

Hamlet - The Prince of Denmark, the title character, and the protagonist. About thirty years old at the start of the play, Hamlet is the son of Queen Gertrude and the late King Hamlet, and the nephew of the present king, Claudius. Hamlet is melancholy, bitter, and cynical, full of hatred for his uncle"s scheming and disgust for his mother"s sexuality. A reflective and thoughtful young man who has studied at the University of Wittenberg, Hamlet is often indecisive and hesitant, but at other times prone to rash and impulsive acts. Claudius - The King of Denmark, Hamlet"s uncle, and the play"s antagonist. The villain of the play, Claudius is a calculating, ambitious politician, driven by his sexual appetites and his lust for power, but he occasionally shows signs of guilt and human feeling—his love for Gertrude, for instance, seems sincere. Gertrude - The Queen of Denmark, Hamlet"s mother, recently married to Claudius. Gertrude loves Hamlet deeply, but she is a shallow, weak woman who seeks affection and status more urgently than moral rectitude or truth. Polonius - The Lord Chamberlain of Claudius"s court, a pompous, conniving old man. Polonius is the father of Laertes and Ophelia.Horatio - Hamlet"s close friend, who studied with the prince at the university in Wittenberg. Horatio is loyal and helpful to Hamlet throughout the play. After Hamlet"s death, Horatio remains alive to tell Hamlet"s story. Ophelia - Polonius"s daughter, a beautiful young woman with whom Hamlet has been in love. Ophelia is a sweet and innocent young girl, who obeys her father and her brother, Laertes. Dependent on men to tell her how to behave, she gives in to Polonius"s schemes to spy on Hamlet. Even in her lapse into madness and death, she remains maidenly, singing songs about flowers and finally drowning in the river amid the flower garlands she had gathered. Laertes - Polonius"s son and Ophelia"s brother, a young man who spends much of the play in France. Passionate and quick to action, Laertes is clearly a foil for the reflective Hamlet.Fortinbras - The young Prince of Norway, whose father the king (also named Fortinbras) was killed by Hamlet"s father (also named Hamlet). Now Fortinbras wishes to attack Denmark to avenge his father"s honor, making him another foil for Prince Hamlet. The Ghost - The specter of Hamlet"s recently deceased father. The ghost, who claims to have been murdered by Claudius, calls upon Hamlet to avenge him. However, it is not entirely certain whether the ghost is what it appears to be, or whether it is something else. Hamlet speculates that the ghost might be a devil sent to deceive him and tempt him into murder, and the question of what the ghost is or where it comes from is never definitively resolved. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern - Two slightly bumbling courtiers, former friends of Hamlet from Wittenberg, who are summoned by Claudius and Gertrude to discover the cause of Hamlet"s strange behavior.Osric - The foolish courtier who summons Hamlet to his duel with Laertes. 自己翻译

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分类: 文化/艺术 >> 文学 解析: Themes, Motifs & Symbols Themes Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. The Impossibility of CertaintyWhat separates Hamlet from other revenge plays (and maybe from every play written before it) is that the action we expect to see, particularly from Hamlet himself, is continually postponed while Hamlet tries to obtain more certain knowledge about what he is doing. This play poses many questions that other plays would simply take for granted. Can we have certain knowledge about ghosts? Is the ghost what it appears to be, or is it really a misleading fiend? Does the ghost have reliable knowledge about its own death, or is the ghost itself deluded? Moving to more earthly matters: How can we know for certain the facts about a crime that has no witnesses? Can Hamlet know the state of Claudius"s soul by watching his behavior? If so, can he know the facts of what Claudius did by observing the state of his soul? Can Claudius (or the audience) know the state of Hamlet"s mind by observing his behavior and listening to his speech? Can we know whether our actions will have the consequences we want them to have? Can we know anything about the afterlife? Many people have seen Hamlet as a play about indecisiveness, and thus about Hamlet"s failure to act appropriately. It might be more interesting to consider that the play shows us how many uncertainties our lives are built upon, how many unknown quantities are taken for granted when people act or when they evaluate one another"s actions. The Complexity of Action Directly related to the theme of certainty is the theme of action. How is it possible to take reasonable, effective, purposeful action? In Hamlet, the question of how to act is affected not only by rational considerations, such as the need for certainty, but also by emotional, ethical, and psychological factors. Hamlet himself appears to distrust the idea that it"s even possible to act in a controlled, purposeful way. When he does act, he prefers to do it blindly, recklessly, and violently. The other characters obviously think much less about “action” in the abstract than Hamlet does, and are therefore less troubled about the possibility of acting effectively. They simply act as they feel is appropriate. But in some sense they prove that Hamlet is right, because all of their actions miscarry. Claudius possesses himself of queen and crown through bold action, but his conscience torments him, and he is beset by threats to his authority (and, of course, he dies). Laertes resolves that nothing will distract him from acting out his revenge, but he is easily influenced and manipulated into serving Claudius"s ends, and his poisoned rapier is turned back upon himself. The Mystery of Death In the aftermath of his father"s murder, Hamlet is obsessed with the idea of death, and over the course of the play he considers death from a great many perspectives. He ponders both the spiritual aftermath of death, embodied in the ghost, and the physical remainders of the dead, such as by Yorick"s skull and the decaying corpses in the cemetery. Throughout, the idea of death is closely tied to the themes of spirituality, truth, and uncertainty in that death may bring the answers to Hamlet"s deepest questions, ending once and for all the problem of trying to determine truth in an ambiguous world. And, since death is both the cause and the consequence of revenge, it is intimately tied to the theme of revenge and justice—Claudius"s murder of King Hamlet initiates Hamlet"s quest for revenge, and Claudius"s death is the end of that quest. The question of his own death plagues Hamlet as well, as he repeatedly contemplates whether or not suicide is a morally legitimate action in an unbearably painful world. Hamlet"s grief and misery is such that he frequently longs for death to end his suffering, but he fears that if he mits suicide, he will be consigned to eternal suffering in hell because of the Christian religion"s prohibition of suicide. In his famous “To be or not to be” soliloquy (III.i), Hamlet philosophically concludes that no one would choose to endure the pain of life if he or she were not afraid of what will e after death, and that it is this fear which causes plex moral considerations to interfere with the capacity for action. The Nation as a Diseased Body Everything is connected in Hamlet, including the welfare of the royal family and the health of the state as a whole. The play"s early scenes explore the sense of anxiety and dread that surrounds the transfer of power from one ruler to the next. Throughout the play, characters draw explicit connections beeen the moral legitimacy of a ruler and the health of the nation. Denmark is frequently described as a physical body made ill by the moral corruption of Claudius and Gertrude, and many observers interpret the presence of the ghost as a supernatural omen indicating that “[s]omething is rotten in the state of Denmark” (I.iv.67). The dead King Hamlet is portrayed as a strong, forthright ruler under whose guard the state was in good health, while Claudius, a wicked politician, has corrupted and promised Denmark to satisfy his own appetites. At the end of the play, the rise to power of the upright Fortinbras suggests that Denmark will be strengthened once again. Motifs Motifs are recurring structures, contrasts, or literary devices that can help to develop and inform the text"s major themes. Incest and Incestuous Desire The motif of *** runs throughout the play and is frequently alluded to by Hamlet and the ghost, most obviously in conversations about Gertrude and Claudius, the former brother-in-law and sister-in-law who are now married. A subtle motif of *** uous desire can be found in the relationship of Laertes and Ophelia, as Laertes sometimes speaks to his sister in suggestively sexual terms and, at her funeral, leaps into her grave to hold her in his arms. However, the strongest overtones of *** uous desire arise in the relationship of Hamlet and Gertrude, in Hamlet"s fixation on Gertrude"s sex life with Claudius and his preoccupation with her in general. Misogyny Shattered by his mother"s decision to marry Claudius so soon after her hu *** and"s death, Hamlet bees cynical about women in general, showing a particular obsession with what he perceives to be a connection beeen female sexuality and moral corruption. This motif of misogyny, or hatred of women, occurs sporadically throughout the play, but it is an important inhibiting factor in Hamlet"s relationships with Ophelia and Gertrude. He urges Ophelia to go to a nunnery rather than experience the corruptions of sexuality and exclaims of Gertrude, “Frailty, thy name is woman” (I.ii.146). Ears and Hearing One facet of Hamlet"s exploration of the difficulty of attaining true knowledge is slipperiness of language. Words are used to municate ideas, but they can also be used to distort the truth, manipulate other people, and serve as tools in corrupt quests for power. Claudius, the shrewd politician, is the most obvious example of a man who manipulates words to enhance his own power. The sinister uses of words are represented by images of ears and hearing, from Claudius"s murder of the king by pouring poison into his ear to Hamlet"s claim to Horatio that “I have words to speak in thine ear will make thee dumb” (IV.vi.21). The poison poured in the king"s ear by Claudius is used by the ghost to symbolize the corrosive effect of Claudius"s dishonesty on the health of Denmark. Declaring that the story that he was killed by a snake is a lie, he says that “the whole ear of Denmark” is “Rankly abused. . . .” (I.v.36–38). Symbols Symbols are objects, characters, figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts. Yorick"s Skull In Hamlet, physical objects are rarely used to represent thematic ideas. One important exception is Yorick"s skull, which Hamlet discovers in the graveyard in the first scene of Act V. As Hamlet speaks to the skull and about the skull of the king"s former jester, he fixates on death"s inevitability and the disintegration of the body. He urges the skull to “get you to my lady"s chamber, and tell her, let her paint an inch thick, to this favor she must e”—no one can avoid death (V.i.178–179). He traces the skull"s mouth and says, “Here hung those lips that I have kissed I know not how oft,” indicating his fascination with the physical consequences of death (V.i.174–175). This latter idea is an important motif throughout the play, as Hamlet frequently makes ments referring to every human body"s eventual decay, noting that Polonius will be eaten by worms, that even kings are eaten by worms, and that dust from the decayed body of Alexander the Great might be used to stop a hole in a beer barrel..

哈姆雷特 Prince Hamlet —— 丹麦王子。为父王的鬼魂所困扰，要对杀父凶手复仇。经历了痛苦的挣扎之后他达成了目的，整个王宫也陷入了死亡的恐怖之中。他最后也中了致命的毒剑死去。 克劳迪斯 Claudius —— 丹麦现任国王。他是哈姆雷特的叔父，在哥哥死后继任了王位。老国王的鬼魂告诉哈姆雷特，他正是谋杀自己的凶手。他罪有应得，最后死在侄子复仇的毒剑下。 鬼魂 King Hamlet (Ghost) —— 哈姆雷特的父亲死后化成的鬼魂。他被弟弟毒死时，哈姆雷特正在国外。 乔特鲁德 Gertrude—— 丹麦王后，王子的亲生母亲。老王死后她改嫁克劳迪斯，在莎士比亚的时代这种关系被视为乱伦，所以引起了哈姆雷特的仇恨。她替哈姆雷特误喝下了克劳迪斯预设的毒酒，当场身亡。 波洛涅斯 Polonius—— 克劳迪斯的御前大臣。他是个出了名的老顽固，阻挠哈姆雷特与欧菲莉亚之间的爱情。哈姆雷特总是假装呆头呆脑来戏弄他。他躲在一块挂毯后，偷听哈姆雷特与王后的谈话时，被王子一剑刺死。 雷欧提斯 Laertes—— 波洛涅斯的儿子。为了父亲和妹妹的死用剑杀死了哈姆雷特。他也死在哈姆雷特的毒剑下，尽管当时哈姆雷特没有意识到剑是带毒的。 奥菲莉娅（欧菲莉亚）Ophelia—— 波洛涅斯的女儿。她与哈姆雷特双双陷入爱河，但种种阻力警告王子，政治地位使他们无望结合。作为哈姆雷特疯狂复仇计划的一部分，她被他无情抛弃，加上父亲的死让她陷入精神错乱，最终失足落水溺毙。 霍拉旭 Horatio—— 哈姆雷特大学里的密友。他没有直接卷入王室之间的阴谋，所以他成了哈姆雷特的传声筒，莎翁用他来烘托剧情。他也是唯一一个活到全剧结束的主要角色。虽然他曾扬言要自杀。 罗生克兰和盖登思邓 Rosencrantz & Guildernstern—— 都是哈姆雷特大学中的老同学。他们被克劳地招来照看哈姆雷特。虽然两人在剧中的作用不大，但王子很快就猜疑两人是间谍。当国王下密令要处死远在英国的哈姆雷特时，他把名字偷换了。于是两人在幕后莫名其妙地死去。 福丁布拉斯 Fortinbras—— 挪威王子。在剧中只有短短的过场戏。但他的重要性在于，全剧的最后台词由他说出，似乎象征着一个更为光明的未来，阐述了剧作主题。

1，哈姆雷特性格分析 对哈姆雷特来说，爱情是那么微不足道的一部分，以至于有人怀疑他对奥菲利亚的爱，这对他显然有失公允。我们不认为在莎士比亚的创作动机中哈姆雷特是一个具有延宕性格的人。他从不延宕（杀波尔纽斯，杀两个朋友，在奥菲利亚的葬礼上一跃而出）。我认为也许把造成这一结果归为两点恐怕更合情理。 一，对母亲的爱。所以说，弗洛伊德的解释是有其价值所在的。剧中哈姆雷特往往将奥和葛并举，可以看出母亲失贞一事给他的心理造成多么巨大的阴影。这倒并不是说他的叔父做了他潜意识渴求的事，以至于心慈手软，被自己唬住，而在于母亲改嫁这件事令他无法再相信女人。这种透彻的了悟又是和爱女人的欲望纠缠在一起，以致痛苦万分，手足无措。 二，正如有的沙评家称哈姆雷特性格的形成一大部分原因在于莎士比亚无法对如此巨大的题材加以把握。这里有几条证据，如哈姆雷特的对于演戏的大段评说，诸多地方是为了表现剧作者的聪明才智和对社会的褒贬（这在古典主义作家那里是无法想象的），再如，同时要表现母子关系，爱情关系，又要表现复仇，势必拖延了后者。再回到开头的判断，我们看哈姆雷特死前的场景，他说的是有关丹麦继承权的问题。设想一下，如果整出戏发生在罗密欧身上，那么他临死时，不是抱着母亲就是呼唤着奥菲利亚的名字。所以说，把这部戏理解成社会批判据也是情有可原的，因为毕竟，也许我们忽略了这一点，哈姆雷特的身份是王子，而非公子，而王子是将继承王位的。2，克劳迪斯 Claudius —— 丹麦现任国王。他是哈姆雷特的叔父，在哥哥死后继任了王位。老国王的鬼魂告诉哈姆雷特，他正是谋杀自己的凶手。他罪有应得，最后死在侄子复仇的毒剑下。 鬼魂 King Hamlet (Ghost) —— 哈姆雷特的父亲死后化成的鬼魂。他被弟弟毒死时，哈姆雷特正在国外。 乔特鲁德 Gertrude—— 丹麦王后，王子的亲生母亲。老王死后她改嫁克劳迪斯，在莎士比亚的时代这种关系被视为乱伦，所以引起了哈姆雷特的仇恨。她替哈姆雷特误喝下了克劳迪斯预设的毒酒，当场身亡。 波洛涅斯 Polonius—— 克劳迪斯的御前大臣。他是个出了名的老顽固，阻挠哈姆雷特与欧菲莉亚之间的爱情。哈姆雷特总是假装呆头呆脑来戏弄他。他躲在一块挂毯后，偷听哈姆雷特与王后的谈话时，被王子一剑刺死。 雷欧提斯 Laertes—— 波洛涅斯的儿子。为了父亲和妹妹的死用剑杀死了哈姆雷特。他也死在哈姆雷特的毒剑下，尽管当时哈姆雷特没有意识到剑是带毒的。 奥菲莉娅（欧菲莉亚）Ophelia—— 波洛涅斯的女儿。她与哈姆雷特双双陷入爱河，但种种阻力警告王子，政治地位使他们无望结合。作为哈姆雷特疯狂复仇计划的一部分，她被他无情抛弃，加上父亲的死让她陷入精神错乱，最终失足落水溺毙。 霍拉旭 Horatio—— 哈姆雷特大学里的密友。他没有直接卷入王室之间的阴谋，所以他成了哈姆雷特的传声筒，莎翁用他来烘托剧情。他也是唯一一个活到全剧结束的主要角色。虽然他曾扬言要自杀。 罗生克兰和盖登思邓 Rosencrantz & Guildernstern—— 都是哈姆雷特大学中的老同学。他们被克劳地招来照看哈姆雷特。虽然两人在剧中的作用不大，但王子很快就猜疑两人是间谍。当国王下密令要处死远在英国的哈姆雷特时，他把名字偷换了。于是两人在幕后莫名其妙地死去。 福丁布拉斯 Fortinbras—— 挪威王子。在剧中只有短短的过场戏。但他的重要性在于，全剧的最后台词由他说出，似乎象征着一个更为光明的未来，阐述了剧作主题。

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作者：莎士比亚。主要讲的是：丹麦王子哈姆莱特的父亲被他的叔叔所害死并夺得了皇位。哈姆莱特为父报仇的过程。

SCENE I. Elsinore. A platform before the castle. FRANCISCO at his post. Enter to him BERNARDO BERNARDO Who"s there? FRANCISCO Nay, answer me: stand, and unfold yourself. BERNARDO Long live the king! FRANCISCO Bernardo? BERNARDO He. FRANCISCO You come most carefully upon your hour. BERNARDO "Tis now struck twelve; get thee to bed, Francisco. FRANCISCO For this relief much thanks: "tis bitter cold, And I am sick at heart. BERNARDO Have you had quiet guard? FRANCISCO Not a mouse stirring. BERNARDO Well, good night. If you do meet Horatio and Marcellus, The rivals of my watch, bid them make haste. FRANCISCO I think I hear them. Stand, ho! Who"s there? Enter HORATIO and MARCELLUS HORATIO Friends to this ground. MARCELLUS And liegemen to the Dane. FRANCISCO Give you good night. MARCELLUS O, farewell, honest soldier: Who hath relieved you? FRANCISCO Bernardo has my place. Give you good night. Exit

描述丹麦王驾崩，守夜卫兵看见老王幽魂出现，告知哈姆雷特王子。而叔父克劳迪服丧未满，即娶其兄嫂继承王位。王子与幽魂对话，获知叔父谋害父王之真相，王子装疯卖傻为证实真相，导演一出老王被毒杀短剧，请新王与新后观赏，叔父当场色变，母后以为王子疯了，奥菲莉亚遭情人失踪及丧父子之痛投河自杀，引起雷奥提斯心头之恨，与克劳迪王共谋比剑时涂剧毒于剑锋，酒内下毒，加害王子，不料被葛楚皇后误饮，雷奥提斯自己亦为毒剑所伤，临死告知王子真相，王子报了父仇，自己亦壮烈牺牲。

Horatio"s steadfastness and loyalty contrasts with Hamlet"s variability and excitability, though both share a love of learning, reason, and thought。 Claudius"s willingness to disregard all moral law and act decisively to fulfill his appetites and lust for power contrasts powerfully with Hamlet"s concern for morality and indecisive inability to act。 Fortinbras"s willingness to go to great lengths to avenge his father"s death, even to the point of waging war, contrasts sharply with Hamlet"s inactivity, even though both of them are concerned with avenging their fathers。 Laertes" single-minded, furious desire to avenge Polonius stands in stark opposition to Hamlet"s inactivity with regard to his own father"s death。 Finally, Hamlet, Laertes, and Fortinbras are all in a position to seek revenge for the murders of their fathers, and their situations are deeply intertwined。 Hamlet"s father killed Fortinbras"s father, and Hamlet killed Laertes" father, meaning that Hamlet occupies the same role for Laertes as Claudius does for Hamlet。 霍雷肖的坚定和忠诚的对比4，与z哈姆雷特的变异性和兴奋性，但两者都有一u个n学习h，理性的爱，和思想。克劳迪亚斯愿意不r顾一b切6法律和道德采取果断行动，实现他的欲望和权力c欲与k对比4有力e哈姆雷特对道德和优柔寡断无m法采取行动的关注。 Fortinbras愿意去竭尽全力x，以6报复他的父8亲去世，甚至发动战争的地步，对比5与z哈姆雷特的闲置急剧，尽管两人f都与n他们的父5亲复仇3有关。拉埃特斯"专m一y，愤怒的复仇8欲望波隆尼尔就站在自己l的父2亲去世形成了d鲜明的反8对哈姆雷特的无m所作为2。最后，哈姆雷特，勒替斯和Fortinbras也o有积极寻求他们的父6亲被谋杀进行复仇2，他们的情况是密切4相关的。哈姆雷特的父4亲杀死Fortinbras的父2亲，哈姆雷特杀死拉埃特斯的父3亲，这意味着哈姆雷特占用相同的拉埃特斯克劳迪亚斯的作用哈姆雷特一a样 英文1答案视乎更好 我使用翻译软件翻译的这段话 你仔细看下q英文6的原版 会更好些 这段主要是从8人y物性格上r的区k别来说明三y个u人a的复仇8区j别 y姚∧phもiЕ颉og洹n

Horatio"s steadfastness and loyalty contrasts with Hamlet"s variability and excitability, though both share a love of learning, reason, and thought. Claudius"s willingness to disregard all moral law and act decisively to fulfill his appetites and lust for power contrasts powerfully with Hamlet"s concern for morality and indecisive inability to act. Fortinbras"s willingness to go to great lengths to avenge his father"s death, even to the point of waging war, contrasts sharply with Hamlet"s inactivity, even though both of them are concerned with avenging their fathers. Laertes" single-minded, furious desire to avenge Polonius stands in stark opposition to Hamlet"s inactivity with regard to his own father"s death. Finally, Hamlet, Laertes, and Fortinbras are all in a position to seek revenge for the murders of their fathers, and their situations are deeply intertwined. Hamlet"s father killed Fortinbras"s father, and Hamlet killed Laertes" father, meaning that Hamlet occupies the same role for Laertes as Claudius does for Hamlet.霍雷肖的坚定和忠诚的对比，与哈姆雷特的变异性和兴奋性，但两者都有一个学习，理性的爱，和思想。克劳迪亚斯愿意不顾一切法律和道德采取果断行动，实现他的欲望和权力欲与对比有力哈姆雷特对道德和优柔寡断无法采取行动的关注。 Fortinbras愿意去竭尽全力，以报复他的父亲去世，甚至发动战争的地步，对比与哈姆雷特的闲置急剧，尽管两人都与他们的父亲复仇有关。拉埃特斯"专一，愤怒的复仇欲望波隆尼尔就站在自己的父亲去世形成了鲜明的反对哈姆雷特的无所作为。最后，哈姆雷特，勒替斯和Fortinbras也有积极寻求他们的父亲被谋杀进行复仇，他们的情况是密切相关的。哈姆雷特的父亲杀死Fortinbras的父亲，哈姆雷特杀死拉埃特斯的父亲，这意味着哈姆雷特占用相同的拉埃特斯克劳迪亚斯的作用哈姆雷特一样英文答案视乎更好 我使用翻译软件翻译的这段话 你仔细看下英文的原版 会更好些 这段主要是从人物性格上的区别来说明三个人的复仇区别

哈姆雷特 - 2000年麦克·阿尔默瑞德导演电影 演员表角色 演员 备注Hamlet 伊桑·霍克 ----Claudius 凯尔·麦克拉克伦 ----Polonius 比尔·默瑞 ----Laertes 列维·施瑞博尔 ----Ghost 山姆·夏普德 ----Gertrude Diane Venora ----Ophelia 朱丽娅·斯蒂尔斯 ----Horatio 卡尔·盖瑞 ----

英国剧作家威廉·莎士比亚哈姆雷特 Hamlet丹麦王子，丹麦前任国王之子，现任国王的侄子克劳狄斯 Claudius 丹麦国王，哈姆雷特的叔叔乔特鲁德 Gertrude 丹麦王后，哈姆雷特的母亲波洛涅斯 Polonius 御前大臣奥菲利娅 Ophelia 波洛涅斯的女儿雷欧提斯 Laertes 波洛涅斯的儿子

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格伦·卡特格伦·卡特，著名英国舞台剧演员、歌唱家、作曲家，作为伦敦西区剧院（London"sWestEndTheater)的常驻明星演员活跃于剧院各大精品音乐剧中。因在伦敦西区剧院、纽约百老汇(BroadwayinNewYork)及福特中心(FordCenter)主演了安德鲁·劳埃德·韦伯（AndrewLloydWebber）与蒂姆·莱斯（TimRice）共同创作的摇滚音乐剧《耶稣基督万世巨星》（JesusChristSuperstar）中的耶稣而享誉国际。他参加过25场安德鲁·劳埃德·韦伯专场音乐会，6届英国皇家文艺汇演（RoyalVarietyPerformances）。中文名：格伦·卡特外文名：GlennCarter国籍：英国星座：白羊座出生地：英国斯塔福德郡出生日期：1964年3月27日职业：演员、音乐家（演唱、作曲）毕业院校：伦敦艺术教育学院经纪公司：CreativeArtistsManagement代表作品：《耶稣基督万世巨星》主要成就：戏剧联盟奖DramaLeagueAward发色：金色眼睛颜色：宝石蓝最喜欢的运动：足球最喜爱的甜品：巧克力，棉花糖，冰淇淋宠物：两只猫：Bella和Jerry早年经历格伦·卡特出生于英国斯塔福德郡，在利物浦长大。他在伦敦艺术教育学院（ArtsEducationalSchool）受过专业训练。演艺经历伦敦西区剧院作品格伦·卡特在伦敦西区剧院主演过多部音乐剧，如《耶稣基督万世巨星》（JesusChristSuperstar）、《油脂》（Grease）、《约瑟夫和他的神奇彩衣》（JosephandtheAmazingTechnicolorDreamcoat）、《棋王》（Chess）、《风中哨音》（WhistleDowntheWind）、《悲惨世界》（LesMisérables）。2008年，格伦·卡特在伦敦音乐剧《泽西男孩》（JerseyBoys）公演时担纲演绎“托米·德维托”这一角色，一直演至2010年三月。接着又作为米尔顿·莫里西公司（MiltonMorrisseyProductions）所制作出品的音乐剧《西区男星》（TheWestEndMen）中的领衔艺人活跃于2012/13年度。格伦·卡特在多个版本的《耶稣基督万世巨星》中扮演了耶稣。1996年，在原版的《耶稣基督万世巨星》谢幕23周年后，好实用剧院公司（ReallyUsefulTheatreCompany）在伦敦西区重新打造了这个作品，其中格伦·卡特取代了斯蒂夫·巴尔萨摩，出演了耶稣的角色。1998年，好实用公司在全英国进行了该剧的巡回演出，不过格伦·卡特不参与该段巡演。1999年，好实用又发起了该剧的北美巡演并在百老汇做谢幕演出，在此期间，格伦·卡特再次扮演耶稣。2004/2005年间，他在新版《耶稣基督万世巨星》再次扮演了耶稣并在英国巡演了六个月。在百老汇最后一天演完《耶稣基督万世巨星》之后，格伦·卡特表示：“戏剧的强大感染力在于它是有生命的没有任何两次演出是一样的，而那些仿佛有魔力一般的瞬间又是几乎无法再现的，也无法固定下来。这些瞬间只存在于那些目睹过、经历过的人们的记忆里。“我希望能够活在这样的回忆中，但即使不能，这些迷人的故事和情节还在，而它们会被后来的人用全新的视角和方式来演绎。我更希望他们有足够的智慧和理解力，超越前人的剧本，创造出他们自己的、独特的体验和演绎，创造出他们的时代”其它格伦·卡特还在拥有大量常备剧目的戏院“德比戏院”（DerbyPlayhouse）工作过，他曾在音乐剧《登月》（MoonLanding）中的扮演巴兹·奥尔德林（BuzzAldrin）。此外，他还出演了电视连续剧比尔和医生们（TheBillandDoctors）。在英国音乐节目《ChaseandStatus》的视频出演了一个堕落伪善虚伪的谈话秀主持人帕特里克·切斯（PatrickChase），并发布2010年单曲《让你走》（"LetYouGo"）。在2000年公映的电影改编版《耶稣基督万世巨星》，格伦·卡特主演耶稣，吉若姆·普拉登（Jér_mePradon）饰演犹大（Judas），蕾内·卡索(ReneeCastle)饰演玛丽·玛格达丽娜(MaryMagdalene)，里克·梅耀(RikMayall)饰演希律王(Herod)。电影导演为盖尔·爱德华兹（GaleEdwards）和尼克·莫利丝（NickMorris）。参演电影BernadettePetersinConcert/1998参演音乐剧《人人都知我的名》(EverybodyKnowsMyName)/2011《两天，九命》TwoDays,NineLives/2001，饰：Jesus《耶稣基督万世巨星》（JesusChristSuperstar）/2000，饰：JesusChrist《风中哨音》/1999饰：TheMan《哈姆雷特》/1998饰：Laertes《油脂》/1993饰：JohnnyCasino《悲惨世界》饰：Marius参演电视剧《疯城记》Psychoville/2009《开膛手杰克》JackTheRipper/2009《医生》Doctors/2006，饰：DavidLawson《帐单》TheBill/2003，饰：ScottLewis其它活动2000年参加第54届年度托尼奖评选（The54thAnnualTonyAwards）表演曲目：《耶稣基督万世巨星》中的"Gethsmane音乐作品2wiceAroundtheSun3MilesHigh荣誉因在《耶稣基督万世巨星》主演耶稣而获戏剧联盟奖（DramaLeagueAward），该奖项为音乐剧业界顶尖荣誉。

《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚的悲剧代表作，在创作特点上具有现实主义和浪漫主义两重性。《哈姆雷特》取材于丹麦历史，勾勒出一幅矛盾重重，内外交困的国家现实，通过历史场景与人物的描绘，显示出当时的英国社会现实。作者在运用现实主义手法的同时，也融汇进了浪漫主义因素，使作品的内容和形式更为和谐。作者的笔触，深入到人物灵魂的底部，通过巧妙的对白，透视出人物复杂深邃的感情世界。另外，通过想象构成的一幕幕奇特怪异的场景，如半夜城楼鬼魂的显现，""戏中戏"的巧置机关，荒芜墓地中的戏谑与格斗等等，更是引人注目，动人心弦，充满浪漫诡异的色调。莎士比亚悲剧之所以具有巨大而迷人的魅力，其根源就在这里。 《哈姆雷特》在人物塑造上通过内心矛盾冲突的描写来揭示人物开拓的深度，构成内与外双重矛盾冲突；巧妙的运用内心独白这一艺术手段，把隐藏在人物内心的思想、情感和欲望等多层次的展现出来，既刻画 了人物性格，又推动了剧情的发展；在情节结构上表现出生动性与丰富性的特点。情节一般都是多层次多线索的，两条或两条以上的情节线索，或平行发展或交错推广，产生了强烈的戏剧效果。

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主旨 ：对于颠倒混乱的社会现实表现出深深的忧虑，呼唤理性、秩序和新的道德理想、社会理想。对于美好人性的追求向往、对于现实中被欲望和罪恶玷污的人性的深刻批判。 哈姆莱特是丹麦古代的王子。莎士比亚故意以超越时代的误差将哈姆莱特搬到伊丽莎白统治未年的英国现实中来。此时的英国，社会矛盾激化，宫廷生活挥霍浪费，社会动乱不堪，王室与资产阶级的矛盾越来越尖锐。莎士比亚借哈姆莱特之口，无情地揭露了当时社会的黑暗与不平，充分表现了他的人文主义思想。

红楼 清 曹雪芹西游 明 吴承恩水浒 元末明初 罗贯中三国 元末明初 施耐庵

海伦的美貌冠绝希腊，连阿提卡半岛（Attica）的英雄忒修斯（Theseus）也曾尝试去劫走她。求婚者接踵而来以致内讧争斗，令廷达柔斯不知所措，最后机智的求婚者奥德修斯向廷达柔斯进言：“让海伦自己决定，并让所有求婚者起誓，他们对海伦的丈夫永不拿起武器攻击他，并且需要求援时全力帮助他。”所有求婚者应允后，海伦就挑选了阿特柔斯（Atreus）的英俊儿子墨涅拉奥斯（Menelaus）。 廷达柔斯死后，墨涅拉奥斯就成了斯巴达国王。（二）婚宴上的金苹果 宙斯和河神阿索波斯（Asopus）的女儿埃吉娜（Aegina）生了儿子埃阿科斯（Aeacus），埃阿科斯又生了著名的英雄佩琉斯（Peleus），英雄忒拉蒙（Telamon）是佩琉斯的兄弟，也是赫拉克勒斯的好友。佩琉斯及忒拉蒙因妒杀死异母兄弟福科斯（Phocus）而逃亡，佩琉斯躲到弗提亚（Phthia），英雄欧律提翁（Eurytion）收留了他并把三分一国土给了他，又把女儿安提戈涅（Antigone）给他作妻。然而他在卡吕冬（Calydon）的狩猎中，意外杀死了欧律提翁。他再次来到伊奥尔科斯（Iolcus），那里的国王的阿卡斯托斯(Acastus)的妻子爱上了他，国王妻子求爱不成而诬陷佩琉斯。阿卡斯托斯趁佩琉斯在佩利翁山（Pelion）上睡着时收起他的宝剑，让他被半人马杀死。不过得到了半人马喀戎（Chiron）的帮助，他找回剑并击退其他野蛮的半人马。佩琉斯为报复，在狄奥斯库罗伊（Dioscuri），卡斯托尔及波吕杜克斯的帮助下占领了伊奥尔科斯，并杀死了阿卡斯托斯及其妻子。 此时，泰坦神普罗米修斯（Prometheus）告诉宙斯如和忒提斯（Tethys/Thetis）结婚将诞下一个推翻宙斯的人，因此他劝宙斯将忒提斯嫁给佩琉斯为妻，而他们的孩子将是一个伟大的英雄，不过条件是要佩琉斯先战胜忒提斯。佩琉斯知悉后躲在那个忒提斯常休息的山洞趁她不觉时捉住她，忒提斯无论变成母狮、水蛇及海水，佩琉斯都没放手，就这样佩琉斯就胜利了。 众神都在半人马喀戎的山洞庆祝两人的婚礼，只有不和女神埃里斯（Eris）没被邀请参加，埃里斯不愤想出诡计，从赫斯佩里得斯果园(Hesperides)采了一只金苹果，并写上“给最美丽的女神”并扔在宴会上，赫拉（Hera）、雅典娜(Athena)及阿芙罗狄忒(Aphrodite)三个女神各认为自己是理所当然认得的，宙斯拒绝作裁判，于是三人带着苹果到伊达山（Ida）上，找特洛伊（Troy）国王普里阿摩斯的英俊儿子帕里斯（Paris）作裁决。（三）帕里斯的裁决 帕里斯是普里阿摩斯及赫库芭（Hecuba）的儿子。其母生他前作了一个噩梦，梦到特洛伊地受大火洗礼，预言家告诉赫库芭这个儿子将毁了特洛伊，因此普里阿摩斯就名仆人阿戈拉奥斯(Aglaos)把孩子带到伊达山抛弃，阿戈拉奥斯养大了他，他力大出众，保护蓄群及朋友，因此别人叫他阿勒克珊德洛斯（Alexander），意即惊人的男子汉。 此时三个女神来到帕里斯的面前要他作裁决，三个女神都以奖品诱惑她，赫拉答应给他至高无上的权力，雅典娜给他最聪明的头脑，而阿芙罗狄忒则给他世上最漂亮的女子海伦作妻，帕里斯把金苹果交了给阿芙罗狄忒，他成了阿芙罗狄忒的宠儿，而赫拉及雅典娜决心毁灭特洛伊人。 之后，帕里斯回到了特洛伊参加了英雄们的竞技，连赫克托尔也败给他，普里阿摩斯的儿子瞧不起帕里斯，当中得伊福玻斯(Deiphobus)更拔剑欲杀死他，帕里斯走到宙斯的祭坛参求庇护，祭坛中普里阿摩斯的女儿、预言家卡桑德拉(Cassandra)认出了他，她立刻认出了帕里斯。普里阿摩斯非常开心，尽管卡桑德拉警告他帕里斯是个祸根，普里阿摩斯却听不进耳。 成为王子后，帕里斯受到阿芙罗狄忒的唆使，乘船到斯巴达找海伦，普里阿摩斯另一位儿子、预言家赫勒诺斯(Helenus)警告帕里斯，他却置若罔闻。他来到拉科尼亚(Laconia)的海岸，和他的朋友埃涅阿斯(Aeneas)上了岸，作为客人探访斯巴达国王墨涅拉奥斯（Menelaus），宴上帕里斯及海伦已互生情愫。过了几天，墨涅拉奥斯说要到克里特岛(Crete)，临行前嘱咐海伦好好招呼客人。墨涅拉奥斯一走，帕里斯就唆使海伦离开丈夫，跟他同赴特洛伊，海伦为了爱情抛弃了一切，包括她的女儿赫尔弥奥涅。回程途中，海神涅柔神(Nereus)突然将船停住，告诉他们要付出代价，然而阿芙罗狄忒安慰他们，三天后他们就回到了特洛伊。（四）召集英雄 当帕里斯一登船，众神就派使者伊里斯（Iris）到克里特岛找墨涅拉奥斯，墨涅拉奥斯回到斯巴达后，见到财宝被劫走，海伦又离他而去后，他怒火万丈，并找他的哥哥阿伽门侬，阿伽门侬建议召集当年起誓的英雄一起进攻特洛伊，墨涅拉奥斯接受劝告，先到皮洛斯（Pylus）找年长的国王涅斯托尔（Nestor），涅斯托尔非常生气决定亲自出征，并且带上自己两个儿子特拉叙墨得斯（Thrasymedes）及安提洛科斯(Antilochus)。其他征讨的还包括阿尔戈斯（Argos）国王、提丢斯（Tydeus）的儿子狄奥墨得斯（Diomedes），欧博亚（Euboea）国王儿子帕拉墨得斯（Paramedes），克里特岛国王、弥洛斯（Minus）的孙子伊多墨纽斯（Idomeneus），赫拉克勒斯好友菲洛克忒忒斯(Philoctetes)，他拥有赫拉克勒斯的弓箭，预言者预言没有这些箭，特洛伊是攻不破的。另外还有萨拉弥斯(Salamis)国王、忒拉蒙(Telamon)的儿子大埃阿斯（Ajax）及罗克里斯（Locris）来的英雄奥伊琉斯（Oileus）的儿子小埃阿斯（Ajax），不过尚欠两个人未到。 伊塔卡（Ithaca）国王拉厄尔忒斯（Laertes）的儿子奥德修斯（Odysseus）以机智闻名，他刚与妻子佩湿洛佩（Penelope）结婚不久，诞下儿子忒勒玛科斯(Telemachus)，因此不愿同行，当奥德修斯得知墨涅拉奥斯、阿伽门侬、涅斯托尔及帕拉墨得斯来到伊塔卡时，他就装疯把牛套套在犁上耕田，又把盐撒到田里，帕拉墨得斯看出他的假扮，就把他的儿子放在田上，果然奥德修斯就在孩子前停了下来，奥德修斯不得不承认自己是假扮，只得履行当年的承诺，从这时起奥德修斯便恨帕拉墨得斯，并决心要报复。 另一位未到的是阿喀琉斯，他就是佩琉斯与忒提斯的儿子，注定是要做伟大英雄的悲剧人物。女神忒提斯知道阿喀琉斯会死于特洛伊，当阿喀琉斯还是婴儿时，他母亲就提着他的脚后跟将他浸于冥河斯提克斯（the River Styx），令他刀枪不入，佩琉斯又将他交给马人基戎教导，致使他能用各种兵器，当墨涅拉奥斯要出征的消息传到忒提斯耳中时，她便把阿喀琉斯藏在斯库罗斯岛（Scyros）的吕科墨得斯(Lycomedes)的宫殿中，但是预言家卡尔卡斯泄露了他的行踪，并告知他们阿喀琉斯身穿女服，不易辨认，奥德修斯和狄奥墨得斯就假扮商人来到宫殿，把货物放在殿前，公主们都爱看珠宝首饰，只有阿喀琉斯在看武器，此时传来剑击声，其实这是狄奥墨得斯在殿外发出的，阿喀琉斯以为有敌人立时拿武器杀敌，就这样他就被认了出来，阿喀琉斯高兴能参与战事，他还把两个朋友智者福尼克斯（Phoenix）及帕特罗克洛斯（Patroclus）带去战场。佩琉斯知命运如此，就把结婚时众神送的铠甲、海神波塞冬（Poseidon）送的马及基戎的长矛都给阿喀琉斯。（五）往特洛伊,英雄们聚集在奥利斯港湾(Aulis)，军队人数有十万人，船数一千一百八十六。出发前大家都在岸边祭坛作献祭，忽然间祭坛下面爬出了一条血红的怪蛇，它弯曲成环状爬上了树，爬到树最高处的一个鸟巢，吃了一只雌乌和八只雏鸟，然后变成一块石头。众人大惑，预言家卡尔卡斯给他们揭示了意思，他说英雄们要围城九年，只有在第十年才能攻下特洛伊，众人大喜出发向著亚细亚(Asia)出发。 开航不久，希腊人在米西亚(Mysia)靠岸，这里由赫拉克勒斯儿子忒勒福斯(Telaphus)统治，希腊人以为这里就是特洛伊就开始攻城，阿喀琉斯令忒勒福斯逃回城中，清晨时希腊人在收拾尸体时才知他们打的是同盟者而非特洛伊人，希腊人与忒勒福斯签订和约，由于忒勒福斯是普里阿摩斯的女婿，他不愿出征打自己的岳父，却承诺会帮助希腊人。 离开米西亚海岸后，英雄们遇到可怕的风暴，他们迷失了方向，最后又回到出发港奥利斯，第一次行动失败，他们将自己的船都拖上岸，在岸上组成一个很大的军营，许多英雄都回家去，连统帅阿伽门侬也离开奥利斯，他们无法得知去特洛伊的路，只有忒勒福斯才知道，可是不久前希腊人才刚与他战斗，在战斗中，阿喀琉斯伤了他的大腿，伤口痛到了无法忍受的地步，忒勒福斯去德尔菲问阿波罗如何可治好创伤，女祭司皮提亚(Pythia)说只有阿喀琉斯才可治好他，他就打扮成乞丐去见阿伽门侬，他见到阿伽门侬的妻子克吕滕涅斯特拉，克吕滕涅斯特拉向忒勒福斯建议，当阿伽门侬进来时，可以从摇篮抱起阿伽门侬的儿子奥瑞斯忒斯(Orestes)，威胁他如果不治好其伤就把把小孩撞得粉碎，果然这令阿伽门侬非常害怕并同意治好他，因为他也知道只有忒勒福斯可以指出去特洛伊的路，阿伽门侬派人找阿喀琉斯，阿喀琉斯却不知如何治好忒勒福斯的伤，奥德修斯告诉阿喀琉斯解药就是矛尖上的铁锈，撒在忒勒福斯的伤口上果然快速愈合，于是忒勒福斯就答应带领众人往特洛伊。 可是海面上仍一直刮著逆风，原来是女神阿尔忒弥斯(Artemis)派来的，因为阿伽门侬曾杀死女神的神鹿令女神非常生气。英雄们只得呆等风停，预言家卡尔卡斯告诉大家只有把阿伽门侬的女儿伊菲格涅娅(Iphigenia)作祭品献给女神才会饶恕希腊人，阿伽门侬得知后宁愿放弃出征，墨涅拉奥斯再三请求，阿伽门侬终让步，并派使者急步前往迈锡尼(Mycenae)，隐瞒妻子说女儿要与阿喀琉斯订婚而要带女儿来军营，当第一个使者离开军营后，阿伽门侬又后悔派第二个使者告诉其妻真相，然而第二个使者被墨涅拉奥斯截住了，并谴责阿伽门侬的背叛，两人争吵间克吕滕涅斯特拉及伊菲格涅娅已到。 阿伽门侬悲恸不已，却装得平静地去看妻女，伊菲格涅娅看出父亲有难言之隐，阿伽门侬出去想找卡尔卡斯有没有其他的方法，阿伽门侬一出去，阿喀琉斯就进来要求出发或者放他们回家，克吕滕涅斯特拉祝贺这位女儿的未婚夫，阿喀琉斯不明所以，此时第二个送信的使者向她和盘托出真相，克吕滕涅斯特拉大哭要求阿喀琉斯保护她的女儿，阿喀琉斯答允。军营士兵知道后开始骚动，阿伽门侬无奈，奥德修斯率领士兵们直扑阿伽门侬的帐篷，而阿喀琉斯决定誓死保护伊菲格涅娅。 剑拔弩张之际，伊菲格涅娅站出来请求自我献祭并说服阿喀琉斯不要保护她，阿喀琉斯还是服从了她的意志，伊菲格涅娅走到祭坛前，传令官塔尔提比奥斯(Talthybios)命所有人保持沉默，卡尔卡斯拿出献祭用的宝刀，高喊阿尔忒弥斯女神的名字，祈求一路顺风，当刀触及少女之焰，天上出现奇迹，阿尔忒弥斯把伊菲格涅娅摄走，刀所触及的只是一只赤牝鹿，大家都欣喜女神的慈悲，因为女神把伊菲格涅娅带到陶里斯(Tauris)的欧克辛斯蓬托斯(Euxine Pontus)的海岸边的女神庙作祭召，就在此时海上已刮起顺风，全体士兵整装待发.（六）围城前九年 希腊人再次出发，沿途风平浪静，预言家告诉他们必须在莱姆诺斯岛(Lemnos)旁的克律塞岛(Chryse)上对女神克律塞斯(Chryses)作献祭才能攻城顺利，菲洛克忒忒斯知道这个祭坛的位置，领袖们在岛上跟著菲洛克忒忒斯来到祭坛，此时一条大蛇窜出并咬了菲洛克忒忒斯的脚，蛇毒令菲洛克忒忒斯脚痛得很厉害，臭味四溢，他早晚呻吟令大家都埋怨起来，最后奥德修斯建议把他抛弃到莱姆洛斯岛的海岸上，就当菲洛克忒忒斯在船上熟睡之际，领袖们把他放在岛上两个岩石之间，给他留下了弓箭衣服食物，菲洛克忒忒斯就这样被遗下了，但因为没有他是攻不下特洛伊地的，希腊人在围城第十年不得不再请他回来。 希腊人终于来到了特洛伊地的海岸，预言家警告谁第一个踏足海岸的就会先死，奥德修斯为了吸引将士上岸，自己把盾牌扔到岸上，灵活地跳上盾牌，英雄普罗忒西拉奥斯(Protesilaus)渴望建立军功，没留意到奥德修斯的诡计，就立即跳上岸杀敌，特洛伊的英雄赫克托尔以长矛一飞，他就结束了性命，大家万众一心杀敌，特洛伊人抵挡不住退回城里。第二天双方停火收拾尸体和埋葬战士，之后希腊人把船拖上岸并修筑防御工事，阿喀琉斯及大埃阿斯的帐篷设在工事的两端，以便防御偷袭．阿伽门侬及奥德修斯的帐篷则在中央，以便统率全军，修好后就派墨涅拉奥斯及奥德修斯与特洛伊人谈判，他们要求归还财宝及海伦，本来特洛伊人自知理亏已准备接受一切要求，但是帕里斯第一个不从，部份兄弟而支持他，被收买的安提玛科斯(Antimachus)甚至要求逮捕墨涅拉奥斯并处死他。当中特洛伊预言家赫勒诺斯(Helenus)更鼓舞地道神会让特洛伊胜利，最后特洛伊人拒绝和谈，战争正式开始。 希腊人开始围城，攻了三次都无功而还，特洛伊人也不敢贸然出城进攻，希腊人只得侵占附近的城邦，这包括忒涅多斯岛(Tenedos)、莱斯博斯岛(Lesbos)、佩达斯城(Pedas)、吕尔奈斯城(Lyrniseus)等。当中彼奥提亚的忒拜也被占领，此城是赫克托尔妻子安德罗马克(Andromache)之父埃提翁(Eatcon)所治理，阿喀琉斯一天所杀了安德罗马克七个弟兄，并俘虏了阿波罗祭师克律塞斯的女儿克律塞伊斯(Chryseis)及布里塞斯(Briseis)，希腊人把克律塞伊斯送给了阿伽门侬。 这九年间，希腊很多英雄都战死了，包括英雄帕拉墨得斯，他对希腊人作出了无数的贡献，可是奥德修斯出于嫉妒之心，加上当时帕拉墨得斯揭穿了奥德修斯装疯的诡计，奥德修斯就趁帕拉墨得斯想议和时诬陷他，奥德修斯把黄金藏在他的帐篷，并流传他被普里阿摩斯收买了，很多人开始相信，另奥德修斯又伪造文书，阿伽门侬得到文书后，召集所有领袖到帐篷，这包括帕拉墨得斯，帕拉墨得斯百辞莫辩，被判钉上锁链被人用石头砸死，帕拉墨得斯求饶不果后就在海边被处死了，这导致后来他的父亲欧博亚国王瑙普利奥斯(Nauplius)的报复，起初阿伽门侬甚至不允许埋葬帕拉墨得斯的尸体，然而大埃阿斯不相信帕拉墨得斯背叛而安葬了他。（七）阿喀琉斯和阿伽门侬的争执 终于到了围城的第十年，阿波罗的祭司克律塞斯来到希腊军中恳求阿伽门侬释放其女克律塞伊斯，并愿意拿出大量的赎金，当中只有阿伽门侬不许，并骂走了克律塞斯，克律塞斯向阿波罗控诉，于是阿波罗令希腊军患上瘟疫，在第十天，在军中的大会中，阿喀琉斯要求卡尔卡斯揭示神为什么发怒，卡尔卡斯得到阿喀琉斯的保护下和盘托出，并要求阿伽门侬归还克律塞伊斯，阿伽门侬大怒，但在众目睽睽之下只得遵从，然而他却要求得到更多的奖金及军功，要把阿喀琉斯、奥德修斯及大埃阿斯的那份让出来，阿喀琉斯威胁回家去，而阿伽门侬却更说要将阿喀琉斯的女奴布里塞斯拿来，阿喀琉斯被激起欲举剑杀阿伽门侬，此时雅典娜止住了他，因为两个英雄对赫拉来说都是重要的，雅典娜又告诉阿喀琉斯阿伽门侬不久就要会为自己的狂言付出代价，于是阿喀琉斯就怒气冲冲地和朋友帕特罗克洛斯回帐篷去。而奥德修斯则将克律塞伊斯带往埃提翁城归还克律塞斯。 当奥德修斯离开之时，阿伽门侬真的派传令官塔尔提比奥斯及欧律巴忒斯(Eurybates)去拿阿喀琉斯的女奴布里塞斯，阿喀琉斯知道一切都只是阿伽门侬的主意，于是让他们带走心爱的布里塞斯，阿喀琉斯伤心欲绝，向住在大海的母亲忒提斯哭诉，忒提斯答应向宙斯投诉阿伽门侬的无礼而降罪于他，不过由于宙斯去了埃塞俄比亚人(Ethiopian)那里赴宴，因此要十二天后才回来，从这天起，阿喀琉斯就一直留在帐篷不参与任何战事。 在第十二天，宙斯回到奥林巴斯山(Mt. Olympus)，忒提斯乞求宙斯在阿伽门侬未向阿喀琉斯道歉前，先让特洛伊人胜利，尽管宙斯知道这会惹赫拉生气，但念在忒提斯在从前众神欲推翻宙斯之时，忒提斯曾叫百手巨人布里阿瑞奥斯(Briareus)帮过他，于是宙斯就如她所愿。他派睡神许普诺斯给阿伽门侬假的梦，让他以为神预兆他破城在即。阿伽门侬梦醒后立即召集所有的将士英雄，他在广场上试探大家的意欲，向大家宣布回家去，大家都欣喜若狂把船推到海边，赫拉担心阿伽门侬弄假成真，就派雅典娜严正地告诉奥德修斯阻止众人，奥德修斯立时取了阿伽门侬那象征最高权力的权杖命令众人回到广场，最后大家都鱼贯回到广场，喧闹又回复到平静，只有忒尔西忒斯(Thersites)一人继续在叫嚣，他勇敢地站出来反对国王，他尤其反对阿伽门侬及阿喀琉斯，在广场上他辱骂阿伽门侬自私没胆。奥德修斯走到他的面前警告他住口，并用权杖打了忒尔西忒斯。奥德修斯重新鼓舞希腊人，军队在向宙斯献祭后向特洛伊城进攻，然而他们却不知道宙斯拒绝了他们的献祭。（八）墨涅拉奥斯和帕里斯的决斗 众神的使者伊里斯变成普里阿摩斯儿子波吕忒斯（Polites）的样子向特洛伊人通报希腊军的迫近，特洛伊军列队走出了城，两军对峙时帕里斯从特洛伊军走出来，示意各墨涅拉奥斯单挑，墨涅拉奥斯亢奋起来，他终于可以亲手报仇了。帕里斯看到墨涅拉奥斯亢奋的样子，怕得缩在朋友的旁边，赫克托尔就责骂他是个胆小鬼，并指责他是战争的罪魁祸首，帕里斯硬著头皮迎战，于是两军都停息静气，此时墨涅拉奥斯要求普里阿摩斯见证这场决斗，同时伊里斯女神化作普里阿摩斯女儿拉奥狄克（Laodice）的样子，叫海伦登上斯开亚门（Secia）的塔楼观战，普里阿摩斯与阿伽门侬、奥德修斯等向众神作了献祭，立誓遵守条约后就回到塔楼上，他不忍近距离看到任一方的死亡。 决斗开始时由帕里斯先向墨涅拉奥斯掷矛，他的长矛中了墨涅拉奥斯的盾牌却没有穿过它，当墨涅拉奥斯掷矛时，矛穿过了帕里斯的盾牌及铠甲，帕里斯反应快才跳到一边才得救了。墨涅拉奥斯以剑作攻击，但由于用力太猛剑断为四节，墨涅拉奥斯便徒手抓著帕里斯，把帕里斯拖往希腊军中，帕里斯透不过气来，此时阿芙罗狄忒女神割断了帕里斯的头盔带令墨涅拉奥斯手中只剩下一个头盔，并用浓雾遮住墨涅拉奥斯，伺机将帕里斯摄回城中。墨涅拉奥斯大怒，阿伽门侬宣布墨涅拉奥斯的胜利，要求特洛伊军交纳贡赋，却得不到回应。 这时，赫拉要求宙斯派雅典娜去挑动特洛伊人毁约，宙斯不愿地顺从，雅典娜化身为安忒诺尔（Antenor）的儿子拉奥多科斯（Laodocus）走到潘达罗斯（Pandarus）面前，说服他用箭射死墨涅拉奥斯，潘得罗斯发箭，雅典娜却刻意让箭只射进墨涅拉奥斯的肌肤，并无大碍，希腊军的医生玛卡翁（Machaon）在伤口上撒了药粉，而特洛伊军而大举趁机进攻，指挥希腊军的是雅典娜，而指挥特洛伊军的却是战神阿瑞斯(Ares)，希腊人势如破竹，阿波罗告诉特洛伊人阿基琉斯并不在希腊军中，而雅典娜则特别加助狄奥墨得斯力量，潘达罗斯见状向狄奥墨得斯发箭，箭虽中却没伤了狄奥墨得斯性命，潘达罗斯以为狄奥墨得斯，却不料狄奥墨得斯已叫另一英雄斯忒涅洛斯（Sthenleus）叫到跟前拔箭，并求雅典娜替他报仇。雅典娜赋予他力气，让他在军中杀伤阿芙罗狄忒女神。特洛伊的英雄、阿芙罗狄忒之子埃涅阿斯(Aeneas)叫狄奥墨得斯一同击退狄奥墨得斯。狄奥墨得斯掷矛刺死潘达罗斯，埃涅阿斯保护潘达罗斯尸首，狄奥墨得斯向埃阿涅斯掷大石，幸得阿芙罗狄忒保护了他。狄奥墨得斯追上了女神并刺伤了她，阿芙罗狄忒退走遗下埃阿涅斯，狄奥墨得斯再向埃阿涅斯，三次都被阿波罗挡回，第四次进攻时被阿波罗喝退。 阿波罗把埃阿涅斯带到他在特洛伊的神庙里，而造了一个假替身放在战场上，阿波罗叫战神阿瑞斯制服狄奥墨得斯，于是阿瑞斯变鮙色雷斯（Thracia）英雄阿卡玛斯（Acamas）跑去鼓舞特洛伊人，而埃阿斯兄弟、奥德修斯及狄奥墨得斯则在指挥希腊人，然而希腊军却被杀得连连后退，战斗中，希腊军的特勒波勒摩斯（Tlepolemus）被宙斯儿子萨尔佩冬用长矛刺死，萨尔佩冬也因腰伤而被拖走了。赫拉和雅典娜见大事不妙，雅典娜便变身为英雄斯滕托尔（Stentor）鼓舞希腊人，又对狄奥墨得斯说不用怕对神作出攻击，并劝他攻击阿瑞斯。雅典娜趁阿瑞斯杀死英雄佩里法斯（Peliphas）之时，令阿瑞斯看不到她而和狄奥墨得斯两人走到他附近，对阿瑞斯作出了攻击，阿瑞斯受伤后走回宙斯处，宙斯派神医派翁（Paeon）治好了阿瑞斯，并制服了阿瑞斯重回战场。（九）赫克托尔决战大埃阿斯 赫克托尔回到城中，匆忙走向皇宫，在宫中，他碰到自己的母亲赫库芭，他叫母亲快去召集特洛伊的妇女们向雅典娜作献祭以制止发了狂的狄奥墨得斯，得到赫库芭答应后，他又去找帕里斯，他见帕里斯只在检查自己的武器时就谴责他一点也不紧张，美丽的海伦也同样在谴责他，帕里斯说自己正准备战斗，赫克托尔没多留片刻，就去找妻子安得罗玛克，在城门上他找到了妻子及儿子阿斯提阿那克斯(Astyanax)．安得罗玛克知道自己的丈夫将命丧战场，劝赫克托尔别上战场，赫克托尔不许又从斯开亚门(Sceia)那里出去赴战，赶上了刚上战场的帕里斯，他们的出现令特洛伊人士气大振，他们联同格劳科斯(G;aucus)杀死了希腊的许多英雄，雅典娜欲帮助希腊人，刚撞上帮助特洛伊人的太阳神阿波罗，阿波罗只答应休战，两位神决定为了止战，必须怂恿赫克托尔向希腊最著名的英雄单挑，赫克托尔的兄弟赫勒诺斯感应到神的意思，就叫赫克托尔如此地做，战场上两军都暂且停战，只有赫克托尔叫阵，希腊军无人敢应战，墨涅拉奥斯非常愤怒，宁愿自己作战，阿伽门侬止住了他，因为单挑赫克托尔是连阿基琉斯也没必胜信心的事，长者涅斯托尔教训希腊的英雄，这时，有九个人愿意作单挑，分别是阿伽门侬、狄奥墨得斯、大埃阿斯、小埃阿斯、伊多墨纽斯(Idomeneus)、墨里奥涅斯(Meriones)、欧律皮洛斯(Eurypylus)、托阿斯(Thoas)及奥德修斯、大埃阿斯被抽中出战，他非常高兴走了出来，此时赫克托尔也有点胆怯。 战斗开始时．赫克托尔先投枪，被大埃阿斯的盾牌挡住了，大埃阿斯投枪穿过了赫克托尔的盾牌及护甲，可是矛尖却偏了一边才救了赫克托尔一命，两位英雄拾枪再战，大埃阿斯又一次刺穿了赫克托尔的盾牌，并刺伤了他的脖子，之后大埃阿斯拾起大石投向赫克托尔，这次伤了赫克托尔的脚，阿波罗迅速将他抬起他，这时两位英雄就要进行埋身战了，然而千钧一发间，传令官来到制止了战事，以避免两败俱伤，两人识英雄重英雄，互相交换了腰带以作纪念，特洛伊人为赫克托尔未受大碍而高兴，而希腊军也看到大埃阿斯的强大而鼓舞，双方同意休战，入夜后双方进行了各自的会议，尽管特洛伊军向希腊军提出交还财宝及额外的珠宝，但希腊军却因帕里斯不肯交还海伦而拒绝停火。（十）特洛伊人的胜利 翌晨，宙斯召集众神警告他们今天不可帮任何一面，他乘著马车来到伊达山的山顶观战，战争一直持续到中午，此时宙斯拿出天秤，特洛伊人的一边高举，而希腊军一面则倾到地面，宙斯令雷声作响，希腊军全体撤退，只有涅斯托尔一人留在战场，此时帕里斯射伤了他的马的眼睛，马立即变得不受控制，赫克托尔赶到举剑要杀涅斯托尔，刚好狄奥墨得斯赶到把涅斯托尔拉上自己的战车，便去迎战赫克托尔，他刺中了赫克托尔的驭者，马车不受控制，英雄阿尔克普托勒摩斯(Arheptolem)登上了战车代替驭者，宙斯以闪电投向马前，马吓得乱窜，涅斯托尔劝狄奥墨得斯离开战场，因为宙斯不想见到他的胜利，狄奥墨得斯听从，特洛伊军乘胜追击，赫克托尔对狄奥墨得斯拼命嘲笑，狄奥墨得斯三次想回到战场却都被雷电止住，涅斯托尔明白今天胜利将归特洛伊人，而赫拉请求波塞冬援助希腊军，波塞冬拒绝了她。 战斗直逼至希腊军的围墙边，阿伽门侬请求宙斯帮助，此时宙斯起了怜悯之心，带来了吉兆，一只巨鹰将一只鹿攫起并投在宙斯的神坛上面，希腊人士气大增，当中以狄奥墨得斯最为兴奋杀敌，另外，透克罗斯(Teucer)也杀死了普里阿摩斯的儿子戈尔古提翁(Gorguthion)及阿尔克普托勒摩斯，赫克托尔大怒用巨石打伤了他的肩，幸好大埃阿斯来到掩护他才幸免于难。特洛伊人由围墙攻至希腊军的船边，尽管女神们想帮助希腊军，但宙斯却派使者伊里斯阻止她们并威胁要动怒，女神们都止住了，宙斯对赫拉说在阿伽门侬主动向阿喀琉斯修好前，特洛伊人还要得胜。入夜后，赫克托尔率军在城外扎营，务求明天一举击退希腊军。第二天的早晨非常奇怪。希腊联军的战舰突然扬帆离开了。平时喧闹的战场变得寂静无声。特洛伊人以为希腊人撤军回国了，他们跑到城外，却发现海滩上留下一只巨大的木马。 特洛伊人惊讶地围住木马，他们不知道这木马是干什么用的。有人要把它拉进城里，有人建议把它烧掉或推到海里。正在这时，有几个牧人捉住了一个希腊人，他被绑着去见特洛伊国王。这个希腊人告诉国王，这个木马是希腊人用来祭祀雅典娜女神的。希腊人估计特洛伊人会毁掉它，这样就会引起天神的愤怒。但如果特洛伊人把木马拉进城里，就会给特洛伊人带来神的赐福，所以希腊人把木马造得这样巨大，使特洛伊人无法拉进城去。特洛伊国王相信了这话，正准备把木马拉进城时，特洛伊的祭司拉奥孔跑来制止，他要求把木马烧掉，并拿长矛刺向木马。木马发出了可怕的响声，这时从海里窜出两条可怕的蛇，扑向拉奥孔和他的两个儿子。拉奥孔和他的儿子拚命和巨蛇搏斗，但很快被蛇缠死了。两条巨蛇从容地钻到雅典娜女神的雕像下，不见了。

如果你重视友情的话就别要了，反正也不是很多钱。

没有 ,SOORY

希望对你有帮助特洛伊（Troy）战争的起因据说是这样的： 希腊英雄佩利尤斯（Peleus）为迎娶海之女神茜蒂斯（Thetis）大排延宴。奥林匹亚圣山上的众神们全都作为女方亲友的出席。主管争执的女神埃里斯（Eris）发现自己是唯一没有收到正式请柬，就巴巴地赶来的，觉得很丢脸。于是弄出个刻着“给最美丽的”字样的金苹果来报复。当场就有三位女神出来宣称自己才是最美丽的。第一位是主神宙斯（Zeus）的妹妹兼太太，天后赫拉（Hera）；第二位是宙斯的女儿、富于智慧与技巧的女战神雅典娜（Athena）；第三位也是宙斯的女儿、主管性爱的阿芙洛迪特（Aphrodite）。 三名决赛选手居然全都来自第一家庭，可见天界也是个官大一级压死神的地方。而赫拉阿姨老当益壮，连哥哥都敢嫁，跟女儿们比美自然不在话下。老奸巨滑的宙斯被夹在中间，其余的男神们更是禁若寒蝉，只好出损招说只有跟各方都没关系的人才是最公正的评判。这个烫手的山宇最终扔给了正在伊达山（Mount Ida）里放羊的特洛伊王子帕里斯（Paris）。 帕里斯从小就是个倒霉蛋，虽然贵为王子，长得齿白唇红、一表人才，却因为被人预言将会导致特洛灭亡而被父兄们赶到山上放羊。帕里斯一没权二没钱，只好娶了森林里的精灵谢娜芮（CEnone）为妻，小两口无拘无束倒也过得逍遥快活。 三大美女可谓各擅胜场：天后赫拉端庄秀丽，浑身洋溢着古典美；女战神雅典娜丰胸细腰，结实的长腿与健康的肤色极具动感与爆发力；爱神阿芙洛迪特则是烟视媚行，比花花公子的插页女郎更加惹火。假如帕里斯活在现代，当然知道应该先来晚礼服与泳装预赛，再问些“假如你当选宇宙第一美女，你会为人类做些什么”之类的无聊问题，最后宣布三人并列冠军。至不济，也要搞几个什么“最上镜小姐”、“最健美小姐”之类的小奖项，再拉些减肥霜、香水的广告，签他百八十部片约，保证让三位女士都笑逐颜开，达到所谓“三赢”的境界。可惜几千年前的放羊娃帕里斯是个土包子，这位众神推荐的“公正裁判”立刻以权谋私，搞起腐败索脍来。 赫拉许诺给他权力与财富，让他成为整个欧亚大陆的主宰；雅典娜的开价是无上荣耀与战无不胜的军事才能；阿芙洛迪特则直接了当――人间的第一美女。跟任何正常的男人或者色狼一样，帕里斯毫不犹豫地决定用金苹果换美女。 根据传说，阿芙洛迪特接下来就带着帕里斯乘船去了斯巴达（Sparta）摇身一变成了国王门内劳斯（Menelaus）与王后海伦（Helen）的座上客。海伦就是阿芙洛迪特所说的第一美女。她的美貌是如此的出众，几乎所有年轻一辈的希腊英雄都拜倒在她的石榴裙下，甚至她结婚时大家还一起发誓随时为她而战。这其中就包括佩利尤斯的儿子阿基里斯（Archilles）。这里有个时间上的漏洞――佩利尤斯与茜蒂斯刚完结婚，他们的儿子就已经可以泡妞了？另外海伦凭什么号称是人间第一美女呢？难道阿芙洛迪特还要把所有的人类美女筛选一遍？ 最合理的解释，就是以阿芙洛迪特自己为原本克隆出一个美女胚胎，天上第一美女的克隆当然也就是人间第一美女。帕里斯现货变成期货，不得不多等十几年让海伦长大。被神涮了一道，他也从此变得阴险狡猾起来。 帕里斯最终在阿芙洛迪特的帮助下把海伦拐回了特洛伊。希腊人为了捍卫自己的尊严与誓言不得不跨海远征。

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odyssey英语的可以吗？这是最后的故事大纲Meanwhile, Telemachus sails home from Sparta, evading an ambush set by the suitors. He disembarks on the coast of Ithaca and makes for Eumaeus"s hut. Father and son meet; Odysseus identifies himself to Telemachus (but still not to Eumaeus) and they determine that the suitors must be killed. Telemachus gets home first. Accompanied by Eumaeus, Odysseus now returns to his own house, still pretending to be a beggar. He experiences the suitors" rowdy behavior and plans their death. He meets Penelope and tests her intentions with an invented story of his birth in Crete, where, he says, he once met Odysseus. Closely questioned, he adds that he had recently been in Thesprotia and had learned something there of Odysseus"s recent wanderings.Odysseus"s identity is discovered by the housekeeper, Eurycleia, as she is washing his feet and discovers an old scar Odysseus received during a boar hunt; he swears her to secrecy. The next day, at Athena"s prompting, Penelope maneuvers the suitors into competing for her hand with an archery competition using Odysseus" bow. The man who can string the bow and shoot it through a dozen axe heads would win. Odysseus takes part in the competition himself; he alone is strong enough to string the bow and shoot it through the dozen axe heads, making him the winner. He turns his arrows on the suitors and with the help of Athena, Telemachus, Eumaeus and Philoteus the cowherd, all the suitors are killed. Odysseus and Telemachus hang twelve of their household maids, who betrayed Penelope and/or had sex with the suitors; they mutilate and kill the goatherd Melanthius, who had mocked and abused Odysseus. Now at last, Odysseus identifies himself to Penelope. She is hesitant, but accepts him when he mentions that their bed was made from an olive tree still rooted to the ground. Many modern and ancient scholars take this to be the original ending of the Odyssey, and the rest is an interpolation.The next day he and Telemachus visit the country farm of his old father Laertes, who likewise accepts his identity only when Odysseus correctly describes the orchard that Laertes once gave him.The citizens of Ithaca have followed Odysseus on the road, planning to avenge the killing of the Suitors, their sons. Their leader points out that Odysseus has now caused the deaths of two generations of the men of Ithaca—his sailors, not one of whom survived, and the suitors, whom he has now executed. The goddess Athena intervenes and persuades both sides to give up the vendetta. After this, Ithaca is at peace once more, concluding the Odyssey. Yet Odysseus" journey is not complete, as he is still fated to wander. The gods have decreed that Odysseus cannot rest until he wanders so far inland that he meets a people who have never heard of an oar or of the sea. He then must build a shrine and sacrifice before he can return home for good. [7]

Morphidae（本科1属，83种） Morpho(暂加入83种，分录中文命名引用中国周氏分类，参考文献《世界蝴蝶分录名录》。主要分布在南美洲，少数向北分布到墨西哥和美国南部) Iphixibia （1种）美神闪蝶 Morpho anaxibia Cytheritis （16种）夜光闪蝶 Morpho sulkowskyi水闪蝶 Morpho lympharis花纹闪蝶 Morpho ockendeni丛林闪蝶 Morpho stoffeli爱侣闪蝶 Morpho eros淑女闪蝶 Morpho nymphalis红翅闪蝶 Morpho rhodopteron苏耳兹闪蝶 Morpho schultzei门亮闪蝶 Morpho portis歌神闪蝶 Morpho thamyris西风闪蝶 Morpho zephyritis小蓝闪蝶 Morpho aega安东尼斯闪蝶Morpho adonis优哉闪蝶 Morpho eugenia天蓝闪蝶 Morpho uraneis枯闪蝶 Morpho marcus 亚属Balachowskyna （3种）黎明闪蝶 Morpho aurora（以下两种为国外文献中补充）极光闪蝶 Morpho aureola秘鲁绿闪蝶Morpho(Grasseia)absoloni 亚属 Cypritis （6种）塞浦路斯闪蝶Morpho cypris爱神闪蝶 Morpho aphrodite尖翅蓝闪蝶 Morpho rhetenor戴娜闪蝶 Morpho diana海伦娜闪蝶 Morpho Helena （光明女神闪蝶）卡西美闪蝶 Morpho cacica 亚属 Pessonia （5种）多音白闪蝶 Morpho polyphemus大白闪蝶 Morpho luna （卢娜闪蝶）白闪蝶 Morpho catenaria （肯特闪蝶）银白闪蝶 Morpho laertes提白闪蝶 Morpho titei 亚属 Grasseia（9种）三眼砂闪蝶 Morpho amathonte新特闪蝶 Morpho centralis大蓝闪蝶 Morpho menelaus西方蓝闪蝶 Morpho occidentalis美图闪蝶 Morpho mattogrossensis国王闪蝶 Morpho nestira黑边闪蝶 Morpho melacheilus欢乐女神闪蝶Morpho didius晶闪蝶 Morpho godarti Morpho （33种）梦幻闪蝶 Morpho deidamia双列闪蝶 Morpho achilles兴族闪蝶 Morpho patroclus阿奇闪蝶 Morpho achilleana新族闪蝶 Morpho neoptolemus海伦闪蝶 Morpho helenor黑框蓝闪蝶 Morpho peleides （蓓蕾闪蝶）琥珀闪蝶 Morpho electra风神闪蝶 Morpho hermione波丽闪蝶 Morpho briseis格拉纳达闪蝶Morpho granadensis狼闪蝶 Morpho lycanor皱纹闪蝶 Morpho rugitaeniata媚眼闪蝶 Morpho micropthalmus瀑布闪蝶 Morpho taboga山闪蝶 Morpho montezuma花仙闪蝶 Morpho hyacinthus八目闪蝶 Morpho octavia海云闪蝶 Morpho marinita克里顿闪蝶 Morpho corydon孔雀闪蝶 Morpho confusa泥闪蝶 Morpho peleus托贝闪蝶 Morpho tobagoensis平行闪蝶 Morpho parallela坡地闪蝶 Morpho papirius天青闪蝶 Morpho coelestis特洛伊闪蝶 Morpho trojana狮闪蝶 Morpho leontius鸟形闪蝶 Morpho pseudagamedes瓜萎闪蝶 Morpho guaraunos纽带闪蝶 Morpho telemou玻璃闪蝶 Morpho vitrea大陆闪蝶 Morpho terrestiraIphimedeia (10种)海阔闪蝶 Morpho hercules星褐闪蝶 Morpho amphitrion瑞彻闪蝶 Morpho richardus太阳闪蝶 Morpho hecuba大太阳闪蝶 Morpho phanodemus月神闪蝶 Morpho cisseis维尼闪蝶 Morpho Werneri黑太阳闪蝶 Morpho telemachus花冠闪蝶 Morpho theseus正义闪蝶 Morpho justitiae

哈姆雷特（Hamlet）——丹麦王子，丹麦前任国王之子，现任国王的侄子克劳狄斯（Claudius）——丹麦国王，哈姆雷特的叔叔乔特鲁德（Gertrude）——丹麦王后，哈姆雷特的母亲波洛涅斯（Polonius）——御前大臣奥菲利亚（Ophelia）——波洛涅斯的女儿雷欧提斯（Laertes）——波洛涅斯的儿子霍雷肖（Horatio）——哈姆雷特的朋友马塞勒斯（Marcellus）——军官伯纳多（Bernardo）——军官弗朗西斯科（Francisco）——士兵雷纳尔多（Reynaldo）——波洛涅斯的仆人哈姆雷特父王的灵魂（Ghost of Hamlet"s Father）福丁布拉斯（Fortinbras）——挪威王子

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哈姆雷特 Prince Hamlet —— 丹麦王子。为父王的鬼魂所困扰，要对杀父凶手复仇。经历了痛苦的挣扎之后他达成了目的，整个王宫也陷入了死亡的恐怖之中。他最后也中了致命的毒剑死去。 克劳地 Claudius —— 丹麦现任国王。他是哈姆雷特的叔父，在哥哥死后继任了王位。老王的鬼魂告诉哈姆雷特，他正是谋杀自己的凶手。他罪有应得，最后死在侄子复仇的毒剑下。 鬼魂 King Hamlet (Ghost) —— 哈姆雷特的父亲死后化成的鬼魂。他被弟弟毒死时，哈姆雷特正在国外。 葛簇特 Gertrude—— 丹麦王后，王子的亲生母亲。老王死后她改嫁克劳地，在莎士比亚的时代这种关系被视为乱伦，所以引起了哈姆雷特的仇恨。她替哈姆雷特误喝下了克劳地预设的毒酒，当场身亡。 波隆尼尔 Polonius—— 克劳地的御前大臣。他是个出了名的老顽固，阻挠哈姆雷特与欧菲莉亚之间的爱情。哈姆雷特总是假装呆头呆脑来戏弄他。他躲在一块挂毯后，偷听哈姆雷特与王后的谈话时，被王子一剑刺死。 雷欧提 Laertes—— 波隆尼尔的儿子。为了父亲和妹妹的死用剑杀死了哈姆雷特。他也死在哈姆雷特的毒剑下，尽管当时哈姆雷特没有意识到剑是带毒的。 奥菲莉娅 Ophelia—— 波隆尼尔的女儿。她与哈姆雷特双双陷入爱河，但种种阻力警告王子，政治地位使他们无望结合。作为哈姆雷特疯狂复仇计划的一部分，她被他无情抛弃，加上父亲的死让她陷入精神错乱，最终失足落水溺毙。 赫瑞修 Horatio—— 哈姆雷特大学里的密友。他没有直接卷入王室之间的阴谋，所以他成了哈姆雷特的传声筒，莎翁用他来烘托剧情。他也是唯一一个活到全剧结束的主要角色。虽然他曾扬言要自杀。 罗生克兰和盖登思邓 Rosencrantz & Guildernstern—— 都是哈姆雷特大学中的老同学。他们被克劳地招来照看哈姆雷特。虽然两人在剧中的作用不大，但王子很快就猜疑两人是间谍。当国王下密令要处死远在英国的哈姆雷特时，他把名字偷换了。于是两人在幕后莫名其妙地死去。 福丁布拉 Fortinbras—— 挪威王子。在剧中只有短短的过场戏。但他的重要性在于，全剧的最后台词由他说出，似乎象征着一个更为光明的未来，阐述了剧作主题。

This is a story about young Prince Hamlet who bears the same name as his father, the King of Denmark, who has recently and unexpectedly died. Hamlet"s uncle, Claudius, has inherited the throne and taken the former king"s wife (Prince Hamlet"s mother), Gertrude, as his own. Prince Hamlet is greatly grieved by the surrogation of Claudius to the throne and Gertrude"s hasty remarriage to her departed husband"s brother, whom Prince Hamlet considers hardly worthy of comparison to his father. On a dark winter night, a ghost resembling the deceased King Hamlet appears to Bernardo, Marcellus,watchmen of Elsinore Castle in Denmark, and Horatio, a scholar of Wittenbourg. The ghost seemingly has an important message to deliver. However, the ghost vanishes before his message can be told. The sentries notify the prince, prompting his investigation into the matter. The apparition appears once again and speaks to Hamlet, revealing to him that his father was murdered by Claudius. After commanding Hamlet to avenge his father"s death, the ghost disappears. Hamlet plots to confirm Claudius"s guilt by feigning madness. Hamlet and Ophelia by Dante Gabriel RossettiUpon notice of Claudius and Gertrude, a pair of Hamlet"s schoolfriends named Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are appointed to monitor him and discover the cause of his apparent insanity. Polonius, the councellor to the king, suspects that the origin of Hamlet"s madness lies with his love for Polonius" daughter, Ophelia. However, in a secretly overseen meeting between the two suspected lovers, there is no evidence that Hamlet loves Ophelia; to the contrary, he orders her away to a nunnery. Hamlet contrives a plan to uncover Claudius"s guilt by staging a play reenacting the murder. Claudius interrupts the play midway through and leaves the room. Horatio confirms the king"s reaction and Hamlet goes to avenge his father. He is poised to kill when he finds Claudius in prayer but concludes that killing him now would result in his soul"s passage to heaven – an inappropriate fate for one so evil. However, when he leaves, Claudius reveals that he had not been praying in a very pious manner. Hamlet goes to confront and reprimand his mother. He hears a noise behind the curtain and believes it is Claudius, eavesdropping. He blindly stabs the body behind the curtain, not realizing it is in fact Polonius. Hamlet then runs around the castle, away from the guards and poor Ophelia. Fearing for his own safety, Claudius deports Hamlet to England along with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, who, unbeknownst to Hamlet, carry a request for the arrangement of his death. Ophelia, afflicted by grief, goes mad and drowns in a river (perhaps by her own doing). Laertes, her brother and Polonius"s son, returns from his visit to France enraged. Claudius convinces Laertes that Hamlet is to blame for the death of Polonius. Hamlet sends word that he has returned to Denmark after his ship was attacked by pirates on the way to England. Claudius, realizing in Laertes an opportunity to get rid of Hamlet, wagers that Hamlet can best Laertes in a fencing match. The fight is a setup; Laertes" blade is poisoned, as is the wine in a goblet from which Hamlet is to drink. During the bout, Gertrude drinks from the poisoned goblet and dies. Laertes succeeds in cutting Hamlet, then is cut by his own blade. With his dying breath, he reveals the king"s plot to kill Hamlet. Hamlet manages to kill Claudius before he too succumbs to the fatal poison. Fortinbras, a Norwegian prince with ambitions of conquest, leads his army to Denmark and comes upon the scene. Horatio recounts the tale and Fortinbras orders Hamlet"s body to be carried away honorably. 这是故事的介绍. William Shakespeare (baptised April 26, 1564 – died April 23, 1616) was an English poet and playwright widely regarded as the greatest writer of the English language, and the world"s preeminent dramatist. He wrote approximately 38 plays and 154 sonnets, as well as a variety of other poems. Already a popular writer in his own lifetime, Shakespeare became increasingly celebrated after his death and his work adulated by numerous prominent cultural figures through the centuries.He is often considered to be England"s national poet and is sometimes referred to as the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "The Bard")or the "Swan of Avon". Orthodox scholars believe Shakespeare produced most of his work between 1586 and 1612, although the exact dates and chronology of the plays attributed to him are under considerable debate, as is the authorship of the works attributed to him. He is counted among the very few playwrights who have excelled in both tragedy and comedy, and his plays combine popular appeal with complex characterisation, poetic grandeur and philosophical depth. Shakespeare"s works have been translated into every major living language, and his plays are continually performed all around the world. In addition, Shakespeare is the most quoted writer in the literature and history of the English-speaking world, and many of his quotations and neologisms have passed into everyday usage in English and other languages. Over the years, many people have speculated about Shakespeare"s life, raising questions about his sexuality and religious affiliation. 这是作者(WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE莎士比亚)的介绍.

Hamlet - 因为他的叔叔谋害了他的父亲，还和他母亲乱伦。Laertes - 因为Hamlet 杀了他的父亲PoloniusFortinbras: 因为Hamlet的父亲将Fortinbras Sr.杀了，还侵占了他的国土。

　　1，哈姆雷特性格分析　　对哈姆雷特来说，爱情是那么微不足道的一部分，以至于有人怀疑他对奥菲利亚的爱，这对他显然有失公允。我们不认为在莎士比亚的创作动机中哈姆雷特是一个具有延宕性格的人。他从不延宕（杀波尔纽斯，杀两个朋友，在奥菲利亚的葬礼上一跃而出）。我认为也许把造成这一结果归为两点恐怕更合情理。　　一，对母亲的爱。所以说，弗洛伊德的解释是有其价值所在的。剧中哈姆雷特往往将奥和葛并举，可以看出母亲失贞一事给他的心理造成多么巨大的阴影。这倒并不是说他的叔父做了他潜意识渴求的事，以至于心慈手软，被自己唬住，而在于母亲改嫁这件事令他无法再相信女人。这种透彻的了悟又是和爱女人的欲望纠缠在一起，以致痛苦万分，手足无措。　　二，正如有的沙评家称哈姆雷特性格的形成一大部分原因在于莎士比亚无法对如此巨大的题材加以把握。这里有几条证据，如哈姆雷特的对于演戏的大段评说，诸多地方是为了表现剧作者的聪明才智和对社会的褒贬（这在古典主义作家那里是无法想象的），再如，同时要表现母子关系，爱情关系，又要表现复仇，势必拖延了后者。再回到开头的判断，我们看哈姆雷特死前的场景，他说的是有关丹麦继承权的问题。设想一下，如果整出戏发生在罗密欧身上，那么他临死时，不是抱着母亲就是呼唤着奥菲利亚的名字。所以说，把这部戏理解成社会批判据也是情有可原的，因为毕竟，也许我们忽略了这一点，哈姆雷特的身份是王子，而非公子，而王子是将继承王位的。　　2，克劳迪斯 Claudius —— 丹麦现任国王。他是哈姆雷特的叔父，在哥哥死后继任了王位。老国王的鬼魂告诉哈姆雷特，他正是谋杀自己的凶手。他罪有应得，最后死在侄子复仇的毒剑下。　　鬼魂 King Hamlet (Ghost) —— 哈姆雷特的父亲死后化成的鬼魂。他被弟弟毒死时，哈姆雷特正在国外。　　乔特鲁德 Gertrude—— 丹麦王后，王子的亲生母亲。老王死后她改嫁克劳迪斯，在莎士比亚的时代这种关系被视为乱伦，所以引起了哈姆雷特的仇恨。她替哈姆雷特误喝下了克劳迪斯预设的毒酒，当场身亡。　　波洛涅斯 Polonius—— 克劳迪斯的御前大臣。他是个出了名的老顽固，阻挠哈姆雷特与欧菲莉亚之间的爱情。哈姆雷特总是假装呆头呆脑来戏弄他。他躲在一块挂毯后，偷听哈姆雷特与王后的谈话时，被王子一剑刺死。　　雷欧提斯 Laertes—— 波洛涅斯的儿子。为了父亲和妹妹的死用剑杀死了哈姆雷特。他也死在哈姆雷特的毒剑下，尽管当时哈姆雷特没有意识到剑是带毒的。　　奥菲莉娅（欧菲莉亚）Ophelia—— 波洛涅斯的女儿。她与哈姆雷特双双陷入爱河，但种种阻力警告王子，政治地位使他们无望结合。作为哈姆雷特疯狂复仇计划的一部分，她被他无情抛弃，加上父亲的死让她陷入精神错乱，最终失足落水溺毙。　　霍拉旭 Horatio—— 哈姆雷特大学里的密友。他没有直接卷入王室之间的阴谋，所以他成了哈姆雷特的传声筒，莎翁用他来烘托剧情。他也是唯一一个活到全剧结束的主要角色。虽然他曾扬言要自杀。　　罗生克兰和盖登思邓 Rosencrantz & Guildernstern—— 都是哈姆雷特大学中的老同学。他们被克劳地招来照看哈姆雷特。虽然两人在剧中的作用不大，但王子很快就猜疑两人是间谍。当国王下密令要处死远在英国的哈姆雷特时，他把名字偷换了。于是两人在幕后莫名其妙地死去。　　福丁布拉斯 Fortinbras—— 挪威王子。在剧中只有短短的过场戏。但他的重要性在于，全剧的最后台词由他说出，似乎象征着一个更为光明的未来，阐述了剧作主题。

Although most know the basic story of Hamlet, I thought you might find it helpful to have a plot summary broken down by scenes. HAMLET, PRINCE OF DENMARKSCENE: Elsinore, Denmark ACT I Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, is advised by the sentinels of the royal castle of Kronborg, at Elsinore, that an apparition strongly resembling his dead father had appeared on the battlements. Hamlet therefore resolves to encounter the spirit and learn from it, if possible, the true cause of his father"s taking-off, about which the Prince has had many suspicions. He meets the Ghostat its next nightly visitation, and in an interview with it his worst fears are confirmed. The late King"s brother Claudius, who has ascended the throne and wedded the widowed Queen, had poisoned the King while he slept. Hamlet is enjoined to secrecy and revenge, and the Ghost vanishes. Hamlet"s followers are sworn to say nothing of the occurrence. ACT II Because of the news and of the dread task to which he is commissioned, Hamlet is seized with a species of madness, perhaps largely feigned, whereby he may cloak his designs. He writes incoherent and passionate letters to his lady-love, Ophelia, daughter of Polonius, a court dignitary. At this juncture a company of strolling players arrives at the castle and at Hamlet"s suggestion a certain play is given before the King and Queen and members of the court. ACT IIIThe play deals with the murder of a Venetian duke, whose wife afterwards weds the murderer. The story closely resembles the circumstances of the King of Denmark"s demise. During the play Hamlet is intent not upon the players but upon the countenance and actions of his uncle. The latter, as if struck with a realising sense of his own crime, as Hamlet suspected, hurriedly leaves. Hamlet no longer doubts the truth of the Ghost"s communications, and turns with energy to seek the vengeance which he has sworn to execute. The queen mother is also much disturbed by the purport of the play, and sends for Hamlet in order to upbraid him. Hamlet answers reproach with reproach, and leaves his mother overwhelmed with shame and self-convicted. But for the opportune arrival of the dead King"s spirit, Hamlet might have adopted even more violent measures. Ophelia"s father, Polonius, who is spying upon this interview, is slain by Hamlet, who mistakes him for the King. ACT IV Hamlet"s banishment is decided upon. Two former school comrades of his are entrusted with a commission to leave him in England, where sealed orders are to bring about the Prince"s death. But by a combination of plot and accident the execution is visited instead upon the heads of the two accomplices. Hamlet returns to Denmark. There he is greeted by a strange spectacle—the funeral of a young girl, honored by the presence of the King, Queen, and persons of the court. Hamlet has in fact arrived home just at the time of Ophelia"s interment. That unfortunate maiden, through incessant brooding over the madness of her lover, the untimely end of her father, and the continued absence of her brother, Laertes, had become insane. For some days she had wandered about the court singing and strewing flowers, then had strayed to the banks of a stream and been drowned. ACT VWhen Hamlet discovers that it is Ophelia"s funeral, he is beside himself with grief. He leaps into the grave and angrily contests with Laertes, who also has just returned, the place of chief mourner. Laertes in turn desires to kill Hamlet, for he regards the Prince as the cause of all the woes that have fallen upon his house. Seeing the animosity of Laertes, King Claudius thinks he may make use of it to work Hamlet"s undoing. He secretly advises Laertes to engage Hamlet in a fencing-match—supposedly friendly. Laertes" foil, however, is to be naked and envenomed. Hamlet, unsuspecting, consents to a trial of skill before the court. The King prepares a poisoned drink for Hamlet, if perchance he shall escape the tipped foil. Laertes and Hamlet fence. After a touch or two for Hamlet, the Queen, to do him honour, toasts him, unwittingly, with the poisoned cup. Laertes wounds Hamlet. In the scuffle they change rapiers, and Hamlet in turn wounds Laertes with the latter"s treacherous blade. The Queen dies from the drug while Laertes falls, but before he dies he confesses his guilty design and craves pardon of the Prince. Hamlet turns upon the King with his own dying strength and stabs the usurping monarch to the heart. NOTESHamlet was probably written between the years 1598 and 1602. It is not mentioned by Meres in his "Palladis Tamia" of the earlier year; and in the latter year it was entered in the "Stationers" Register." Internal evidence places it about the year 1600. FIRST EDITIONS. In 1603 an imperfect text of Hamlet, evidently a pirated version, was published. The next year a clearer, and doubtless official, text was printed, now called the Second Quarto. Both had Shakespeare"s name on the title page. The Third Quarto appeared in 1605, and the Fourth in 1611. The First Folio, of 1623, supplies some additional readings not found in any Quarto. SOURCES. In the twelfth century, the "Historia Danica" by Saxo Grammaticus, a Danish writer of importance, contained the story of Hamlet. The story went the rounds of the minstrels and storytellers, and was first printed in 1514. Belleforest translated it into French in his "Histoires Tragiques," of 1571. Shakespeare may have been familiar with the story aside from either printed form. An earlier play of "Hamlet," now lost, was known to his company of players, about 1590. ACTION. The historical period is indeterminate, but dates back to the eighth or tenth century. The time depicted on the stage is seven days, with intervals considerably lengthening this time. SELECTED CRITICISM. "Hamlet is a name; his speeches and sayings but the idle coinage of the poet"s brain. What then, are they not real? They are as real as our own thoughts. Their reality is in the reader"s mind. It is we who are Hamlet. This play has a prophetic truth, which is above that of history. Whoever has become thoughtful and melancholy through his own mishaps or those of others; whoever has borne about with him the clouded brow of reflection and thought himself `too much i" th" sun" . . . this is the true Hamlet." From J. Walker McSpadden, Shakespearean Synopses (New York: Crowell, 1959). 参考网址里面有正版的

奥菲利娅的人物分析 奥菲利娅的善良、美丽，她的内心世界是纯洁的，但是她深处闺阁，又在庸俗的封建朝廷包围之中，自身又脆弱、被动，无力反抗世俗，被父兄利用为报复的工具，最后悲惨死去。奥菲利娅是御前大臣波洛涅斯的女儿，哈姆莱特的情人，一个天真的窈窕淑女。她美丽、善良、温柔，她是每个人心中的女神，是纯洁与善良的化身，是柔情似水的情人。她认识到哈姆莱特的才学出众，说他是时流的镜，举世瞩目的中心，虽然情人眼中出偏见，但是大体上还是能够认识到当时人文主义者的作用的。可惜她深处闺阁，又在庸俗的封建朝廷的包围之中，她不够坚强，她太单纯了。她深爱哈姆莱特，可是她不了解社会问题的复杂。她胆小，没有主张。面对爱情不敢追求，不敢爱，不敢恨，她是封建礼教统治底下“三从”的典型代表：在家从父、出嫁从夫、夫死从子。正是她的性格铸造了她的悲惨结局。她听从父亲，长兄的叮嘱。父亲是庸俗好事，喋喋多言，投机巧取的御用文人，哥哥是游手好闲，贪慕虚荣的花花公子。父兄都劝她不要爱上哈姆莱特，因为他们以己度人，认为地位高了，爱情就靠不住，只是逢场作戏。从家庭方面讲，她是一个孝顺的女儿，她听从父亲的安排，她的生活，她的思想完全掌控在父兄的手上。她是笼中的小鸟，没有主张，没有判断是非的能力和权利。她听哥哥的话，不能爱上哈姆莱特，劝她守身如玉的教训，就说："可是，我的好哥哥,你千万不要像有些坏牧师一样,给我指点上天去的险峻的荆棘之路,自己却在花街柳巷留恋往返,忘了自己的箴言." 女神面对长兄的劝阻，她愿意让长兄的长锁封住自己的记忆，拒绝欲望。在她的思想里，封建保守思想是根深蒂固的，把女人的贞洁视为生命，认为女人主动追求爱情是可耻的，是一种背叛，死守着一片自认为洁净的土地。她不敢追求爱情，在父亲的面前却赤裸裸地袒露哈姆莱特对自己的表白，孰不知却被父亲里利用，成了战场上的牺牲品。她没有判断是非的能力，不了解社会现实，在爱与不爱之间徘徊。奥菲利娅与哈姆莱特正好相反，一个不坚强反抗，发疯，自杀；一个装疯，虽然想到过自杀，但是坚强反抗，打击了罪恶社会。她听从父亲的话：“当心你给我捧出个小傻瓜。”就生气回答说哈姆莱特对她的态度十足是光明正大。可是她资质太弱，反抗不了。等到灾祸接二连三地来了，复杂深广的社会也使她朦胧地认识到了，她就受不了了，丧失了理性，虽然她发疯，正如来阿替斯所说：忧思、苦恼、愤恨、甚至于地狱，她都会点化成温柔，点化成爱娇。 奥菲利娅面对父亲对自己心爱的人杀死，心中充满愤恨、怨怒，变得疯疯癫癫，她无力反抗这残酷的现实，只得向王后、哥哥倾诉。从她的哀伤的语句中，表现了她对哈姆莱特的恨，她并不了解现实，只是凭借自己内心的感受和亲眼所见。她歌唱哀伤的歌曲，而此时此刻也只能用歌曲来寄托内心的痛苦。。她还借用了鲜花来抒情：这是你给的茴香和漏斗花；这是给您的芸香；这儿还留着一些给我们自己；遇到礼拜天，我们不妨叫它慈悲草。啊！您可以把您的芸香插戴得别致一点。者儿是一枝雏菊；我想要给你几朵紫罗兰，可是我父亲一死，它们全部谢了。 在这残酷的现实面前，她只有把希望寄托于上帝，“求上帝饶恕一切基督徒的灵魂！”她的疯也是对现实的反抗，对现实社会的不满。她无法逃避社会的黑暗和封建礼教的束缚，唯有这样才是最好的释放。残酷的封建统治把善良的人逼疯，让罪恶之人得到惩罚的同时也付出了善良的代价。 奥菲利娅的死亡是美丽的，平静的。作者把他的死写成似乎是意外，其实是奥菲利娅最美的选择，也是唯一的选择。她的周围铺满了鲜花，落水的瞬间衣服四散展开，使她暂时像人鱼一样漂浮在水上；她嘴里还断断续续唱着古老的歌曲。作者借鲜花，歌谣把奥菲利娅的死写得那样平静，那样的理所当然。作者给奥菲利娅创设了一个美丽的环境，让读者在瞬间记忆了这美的象征。面对女神的死亡却不感觉哀伤，因为她的死是美丽的、安详的，是女神对现实社会的一种解脱，是思想的解放与回归。作者把死亡与自然紧紧结合在一起，创造了一个和谐的气氛。 奥菲利娅的死是对封建统治最无情的批判，在这个人吃人的社会里，善良的人们无法逃脱黑暗的魔掌，精神的枷锁紧紧得套在人们的思想之中，没有主张，没有反抗的力量和勇气，唯一的解脱就是死亡。 奥菲利娅的善良、纯洁与时代并不相符，没有自由，没有爱情的幸福。在人们心中她是可怜的人儿，是妇女中最伤心悲惨的女子。

Hamlet begins with the news King Hamlet of Denmark has recently died. King Claudius, who now rules Denmark, has married Queen Gertrude, the late King"s wife. Hamlet, the late King"s son, does not trust the new King.Hamlet meets the Ghost of his father, who reveals he was poisoned by King Claudius and who tells him to avenge his death but not to punish Queen Gertrude for remarrying since it is not his place.Queen Gertrude lies for her son, saying that he is mad. King Claudius, now scared, decides to have Hamlet sent away to England immediately, King Claudius revealing his plan to have him killed there.. King Claudius meets Laertes, telling him that Hamlet killed his father, the two then plotting to kill him at a fencing match. At Ophelia"s burial, Hamlet fights Laertes over Ophelia"s grave, each believing they loved her more. Hamlet explains to his only trusted friend Horatio how he avoided the death planned for him in England and had Rosencrantz and Guildenstern killed instead, revealing his desire to kill King Claudius. Queen Gertrude drinks a poisoned cup meant for her son, dying but not before revealing she was poisoned. Hamlet fences against Laertes but is cut by Laertes sword. The two switch swords and Laertes is cut by his own sword, Laertes explaining that his sword was poison tipped. Now dying, Hamlet stabs King Claudius with this same sword, killing him and telling Horatio to tell his story and not to commit suicide, recommending Young Fortinbras as the next King of Denmark. Young Fortinbras arrives, Horatio promising to tell his friend"s story.

很详尽

导演 Director：Bill Colleran约翰·吉尔古德 John Gielgud演员 Actor：理查德·伯顿 Richard Burton ....Hamlet休姆·克罗宁 Hume Cronyn ....PoloniusAlfred Drake ....ClaudiusEileen Herlie ....GertrudeWilliam Redfield ....GuildensternGeorge Rose ....First GravediggerGeorge Voskovec ....Player KingHugh Alexander ....Cornelius / Second Gravedigger / English AmbassadorPhilip Coolidge ....VoltimandChristopher Culkin ....Player QueenJohn Cullum ....LaertesMichael Ebert ....Francisco / FortinbrasDillon Evans ....Reynaldo / Osric / Fortinbras"s CaptainClement Fowler ....RosencrantzGeoff Garland ....Lucianus约翰·吉尔古德 John Gielgud ....Ghost (voice)John Hetherington ....Player Prologue巴纳德·休斯 Barnard Hughes ....Marcellus / PriestLinda Marsh ....OpheliaRobert Milli ....HoratioFrederick Young ....BernardoKate Beswick ....Lady (uncredited)Alex Giannini ....Messenger (uncredited)Claude Harz ....Lord (uncredited)Gerome Ragni ....Attendant (uncredited)Richard Sterne ....Gentleman (uncredited)Carol Teitel ....Lady (uncredited)制作人 Produced by：Alexander H. Cohen ....producer: stage productionAlfred W. Crown ....producerJohn Heyman ....producerWilliam Sargent Jr. ....executive producer (as Bill Sargent)/producer (as Bill Sargent)服装设计 Costume Design by：Jane Greenwood

Part 2: The Briar Patch When Brer Fox saw Brer Rabbit covered with tar, he laughed and laughed. He walked down the road and said, "This is a good lesson for you, Brer Rabbit. You always tricked everyone on the old plantation. This time I tricked YOU! This is the end of Brer Rabbit!" Brer Fox looked at Brer Rabbit and laughed again. Brer Rabbit didn"t say one word. He was frightened. He didn"t move. Brer Fox looked at his watch and said, "It"s dinner time and I"m very hungry. I want rabbit barbecue for dinner. Rabbit barbecue is delicious. I must find some wood to make a fire." Brer Fox Went to look for some wood. Brer Rabbit started to think. He was a very intelligent rabbit! His eyes moved from left to right. He looked everywhere. Then he saw a briar patch. "The briar patch can take off the tar. But I can"t move. I"m stuck. I must go to the briar patch. What can I do?" thought Brer Rabbit. Brer Fox returned and said, "I didn"t find any wood to make a fire. I can"t have rabbit barbecue for dinner, but I can hang you!" "Oh, Brer Fox, you can hang me, but please don"t throw me in the briar patch!" said Brer Rabbit. Brer Fox looked for a rope. "There"s no rope. I can"t hang you. How can I kill you?" asked Brer Fox. He thought for a moment and said, "I can throw you in a river or a lake.” "Oh, Brer Fox, throw me in a river or a lake, but please don"t throw me in the terrible briar patch. PLEASE!" Brer Fox went to look for a river or a lake. He looked everywhere but he didn"t find a river or a lake. He was angry. He wanted to kill Brer Rabbit, but how? "Have you got a heart, Brer Fox? Please don"t throw me into the briar patch," said Brer Rabbit. "Oh, please!" "Well," said Brer Fox smiling, "you don"t want to go into the briar patch. That"s exactly where I will throw you. Into the briar patch!" Brer Fox threw Brer Rabbit into the briar patch! This was exactly what Brer Rabbit wanted. The Tar Baby stuck to the briar patch and Brer Rabbit was free! When Brer Fox saw the Tar Baby in the briar patch he asked "What"s happening? Where is that cunning rabbit? Why is the Tar Baby here?" Brer Rabbit ran up the road and then stopped. He looked at Brer Fox and said, "You didn"t listen to me. I said, "Please don"t throw me into the briar patch." Next time you"ll listen to me!" Brer Rabbit laughed and ran home to have a bath. "You horrible cunning rabbit. You tricked me again!" shouted Brer Fox. He was purple with anger. He looked at the briar patch and he looked at the Tar Baby. Then he walked home slowly, He was very sad and angry. Brer Rabbit tricked him again. Why was Brer Rabbit so intelligent? When Brer Fox went into his garden he sat down under the magnolia tree. He was tired. He looked at the evening sky .He saw the stars and the moon and fell asleep.Part Six: The Rest is Silence While he is standing in the graveyard, Hamlet sees a procession approaching. It is Ophelia"s funeral. The Queen throws flowers into the grave and says, "Sweets to the sweet." Hamlet did not know that Ophelia was dead. He is shocked. He jumps into the grave and fights with Laertes. "You killed my father and my sister!" "I loved Ophelia more than forty thousand brothers!" Laertes wants his revenge. He and Claudius decide how to kill Hamlet. "You must challenge Hamlet to a fencing match. He loves this sport. He will certainly agree." "Yes, and I shall put poison on the tip of my sword. If I cut him, he will die." "And if this plan fails, I shall give Hamlet a poisoned drink." Hamlet accepts the challenge. He does not know about the poisoned sword. To him, the fight is just sport—something he enjoys! "I am sorry for your father"s death, Laertes." "I accept your apology, Hamlet. Now, let"s begin the fight." "Here is a drink for you, Hamlet, if you are thirsty. Good luck to you! I have bet six horses that you will win." Hamlet fights well and scores the first points. The Queen is very happy. she picks up the cup of poison .Claudius tries to stop her drinking — but it is too late! "No, Gertrude, do not drink!" "I drink to Hamlet!" Laertes wounds Hamlet with the poisoned sword. Later, in the confusion, they exchange swords and Hamlet wounds Laertes. The poison enters their blood. Suddenly, the Queen screams in pain, Laertes falls to the ground and Hamlet begins to feel weak. The poison is working. "Help me, I am dying!" "We are all going to die. The sword and the drink were poisoned. The King is to blame." "Then before I die, I shall have my revenge. This for my father"s murder!" "Treason! Treason!" Hamlet is dying. Polonius, Ophelia, Laertes, Gertrude and Claudius are all dead. It is time for a new beginning in Denmark. "I shall kill myself, too." "No, Horatio. You must live. Tell the truth to the world after I am dead. Tell my story." Goodnight, sweet Prince. And flights of angels sing thee to thy rest.

特洛伊木马战争？

大多数的都到了中东地区了

是一个古城的名字吗/?

CONTENTS IntroductionbyG.S.Kirk Acknowledgements THEODYSSEY 1Godsincouncil-TelemachusandAthene 2Telemachusdefiesthesuitors 3Telemachus,Athene,Nestor 4Telemachus,Menelaus,Helen 5HermesandCalypso-Odysseusreleasedandwrecked 6Nausicaa 7OdysseusasguestofAlcinous 8Phaeaciangames,dancing,poems 9Odysseusbeginshistale-TheCyclops 10Circe 11Odysseusamonqtheghosts 12ScyllaandCharybdis-Thecattleofthesun 13OdysseusreturnstoIthaca 14Odysseuswiththeswineherd 15TelemachusreturnstoIthaca 16OdysseusrevealshimselftoTelemachus 17Thekingasbeggar 18Thebeggarpraisedandmocked 19TheQueemandthebeggar-Thenurseknowshermaster 20Odysseusinsultedandprotected 21Thecontestofthebow 22Vengeanceonthesuitors 23Penelopedoubtsandbelieves 24Thesuitorsjointheghosts-Odysseusand Laertes-Thebattlerenewedandended Epilogueontranslation Glossaryandindexofnames Mapsofrealplaces

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odyssey英语的可以吗？这是最后的故事大纲Meanwhile, Telemachus sails home from Sparta, evading an ambush set by the suitors. He disembarks on the coast of Ithaca and makes for Eumaeus"s hut. Father and son meet; Odysseus identifies himself to Telemachus (but still not to Eumaeus) and they determine that the suitors must be killed. Telemachus gets home first. Accompanied by Eumaeus, Odysseus now returns to his own house, still pretending to be a beggar. He experiences the suitors" rowdy behavior and plans their death. He meets Penelope and tests her intentions with an invented story of his birth in Crete, where, he says, he once met Odysseus. Closely questioned, he adds that he had recently been in Thesprotia and had learned something there of Odysseus"s recent wanderings.Odysseus"s identity is discovered by the housekeeper, Eurycleia, as she is washing his feet and discovers an old scar Odysseus received during a boar hunt; he swears her to secrecy. The next day, at Athena"s prompting, Penelope maneuvers the suitors into competing for her hand with an archery competition using Odysseus" bow. The man who can string the bow and shoot it through a dozen axe heads would win. Odysseus takes part in the competition himself; he alone is strong enough to string the bow and shoot it through the dozen axe heads, making him the winner. He turns his arrows on the suitors and with the help of Athena, Telemachus, Eumaeus and Philoteus the cowherd, all the suitors are killed. Odysseus and Telemachus hang twelve of their household maids, who betrayed Penelope and/or had sex with the suitors; they mutilate and kill the goatherd Melanthius, who had mocked and abused Odysseus. Now at last, Odysseus identifies himself to Penelope. She is hesitant, but accepts him when he mentions that their bed was made from an olive tree still rooted to the ground. Many modern and ancient scholars take this to be the original ending of the Odyssey, and the rest is an interpolation.The next day he and Telemachus visit the country farm of his old father Laertes, who likewise accepts his identity only when Odysseus correctly describes the orchard that Laertes once gave him.The citizens of Ithaca have followed Odysseus on the road, planning to avenge the killing of the Suitors, their sons. Their leader points out that Odysseus has now caused the deaths of two generations of the men of Ithaca—his sailors, not one of whom survived, and the suitors, whom he has now executed. The goddess Athena intervenes and persuades both sides to give up the vendetta. After this, Ithaca is at peace once more, concluding the Odyssey. Yet Odysseus" journey is not complete, as he is still fated to wander. The gods have decreed that Odysseus cannot rest until he wanders so far inland that he meets a people who have never heard of an oar or of the sea. He then must build a shrine and sacrifice before he can return home for good. [7]

哈姆雷特 Prince Hamlet —— 丹麦王子。为父王的鬼魂所困扰，要对杀父凶手复仇。经历了痛苦的挣扎之后他达成了目的，整个王宫也陷入了死亡的恐怖之中。他最后也中了致命的毒剑死去。 克劳迪斯 Claudius —— 丹麦现任国王。他是哈姆雷特的叔父，在哥哥死后继任了王位。老国王的鬼魂告诉哈姆雷特，他正是谋杀自己的凶手。他罪有应得，最后死在侄子复仇的毒剑下。 鬼魂 King Hamlet (Ghost) —— 哈姆雷特的父亲死后化成的鬼魂。他被弟弟毒死时，哈姆雷特正在国外。 乔特鲁德 Gertrude—— 丹麦王后，王子的亲生母亲。老王死后她改嫁克劳迪斯，在莎士比亚的时代这种关系被视为乱伦，所以引起了哈姆雷特的仇恨。她替哈姆雷特误喝下了克劳迪斯预设的毒酒，当场身亡。 波洛涅斯 Polonius—— 克劳迪斯的御前大臣。他是个出了名的老顽固，阻挠哈姆雷特与欧菲莉亚之间的爱情。哈姆雷特总是假装呆头呆脑来戏弄他。他躲在一块挂毯后，偷听哈姆雷特与王后的谈话时，被王子一剑刺死。 雷欧提斯 Laertes—— 波洛涅斯的儿子。为了父亲和妹妹的死用剑杀死了哈姆雷特。他也死在哈姆雷特的毒剑下，尽管当时哈姆雷特没有意识到剑是带毒的。 奥菲莉娅（欧菲莉亚）Ophelia—— 波洛涅斯的女儿。她与哈姆雷特双双陷入爱河，但种种阻力警告王子，政治地位使他们无望结合。作为哈姆雷特疯狂复仇计划的一部分，她被他无情抛弃，加上父亲的死让她陷入精神错乱，最终失足落水溺毙。 霍拉旭 Horatio—— 哈姆雷特大学里的密友。他没有直接卷入王室之间的阴谋，所以他成了哈姆雷特的传声筒，莎翁用他来烘托剧情。他也是唯一一个活到全剧结束的主要角色。虽然他曾扬言要自杀。 罗生克兰和盖登思邓 Rosencrantz & Guildernstern—— 都是哈姆雷特大学中的老同学。他们被克劳地招来照看哈姆雷特。虽然两人在剧中的作用不大，但王子很快就猜疑两人是间谍。当国王下密令要处死远在英国的哈姆雷特时，他把名字偷换了。于是两人在幕后莫名其妙地死去。 福丁布拉斯 Fortinbras—— 挪威王子。在剧中只有短短的过场戏。但他的重要性在于，全剧的最后台词由他说出，似乎象征着一个更为光明的未来，阐述了剧作主题。

奥德赛（The Odyssey Homer)(英文本） 内容提要：CONTENTS IntroductionbyG.S.Kirk Acknowledgements THEODYSSEY 1Godsincouncil-TelemachusandAthene 2Telemachusdefiesthesuitors 3Telemachus,Athene,Nestor 4Telemachus,Menelaus,Helen 5HermesandCalypso-Odysseusreleasedandwrecked 6Nausicaa 7OdysseusasguestofAlcinous 8Phaeaciangames,dancing,poems 9Odysseusbeginshistale-TheCyclops 10Circe 11Odysseusamonqtheghosts 12ScyllaandCharybdis-Thecattleofthesun 13OdysseusreturnstoIthaca 14Odysseuswiththeswineherd 15TelemachusreturnstoIthaca 16OdysseusrevealshimselftoTelemachus 17Thekingasbeggar 18Thebeggarpraisedandmocked 19TheQueemandthebeggar-Thenurseknowshermaster 20Odysseusinsultedandprotected 21Thecontestofthebow 22Vengeanceonthesuitors 23Penelopedoubtsandbelieves 24Thesuitorsjointheghosts-Odysseusand Laertes-Thebattlerenewedandended Epilogueontranslation Glossaryandindexofnames Mapsofrealplaces 奥德赛（The Odyssey Homer)(英文本） 作者简介：荷马（约前9——前8世纪），古希腊诗人，专事行吟的盲歌手。生于小亚细亚。但是，关于荷马的身世和生平，曾经有过种种神话般的传说。按古希腊历史学家希罗多德的说法，荷马约生于公元前850年左右。正是希腊氏族社会解体、奴隶制开始形成的时代，即所谓的“英雄时代”。诗人的出生地不可考，后来希腊的七个大城市都曾经自认为是荷马的家乡。荷马日常挟七弦琴流浪于热闹的市镇，以歌吟维持生计。相传他把发生在大约公元前20世纪时的特洛伊战争的传说，初步编定、成型，就是著名的史诗《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》。这两部史诗被誉为“希腊人由野蛮时代进入文明时代的主要遗产”。苏格拉底、亚里斯多德、柏拉图都认为荷马确有其人。18世纪末时，德国学者魏尔夫对荷马是否确有其人提出了疑问。由此可见，关于荷马是否确有其人，他的生存年代、出生地点以及两部史诗的形成，争论甚多，这便是欧洲文学史上的所谓“荷马问题”。

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