谁那有丝网常用中英文翻译

第一节 一般术语 1. 工程结构 building and civil engineering structures 房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分的总称。 2. 工程结构设计 design of building and civil engineering structures 在工程结构的可靠与经济、适用与美观之间，选择一种的合理的平衡，使所建造的结构能满足各种预定功能要求。 3. 房屋建筑工程 building engineering 一般称建筑工程，为新建、改建或扩建房屋建筑物和附属构筑物所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 4. 土木工程 civil engineering 除房屋建筑外，为新建、改建或扩建各类工程的建筑物、构筑物和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 5. 公路工程 highway engineering 为新建或改建各级公路和相关配套设施等而进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 6. 铁路工程 railway engineering 为新建或改建铁路和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 7. 港口与航道工程 port ( harbour ) and waterway engineering 为新建或改建港口与航道和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 8. 水利工程 hydraulic engineering 为修建治理水患、开发利用水资源的各项建筑物、构筑物和相关配设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 9. 水利发电工程（水电工程） hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering 以利用水能发电为主要任务的水利工程。 10. 建筑物（构筑物） construction works 房屋建筑或土木工程中的单项工程实体。 11. 结构 structure 广义地指房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分的实体，狭义地指各种工程实体的承重骨架。 12. 基础 foundation 将建筑物、构筑物以及各种设施的上部结构所承受的各种作用和自重传递到地基的结构组成部分。 13. 地基 foundation soil; subgrade; subbase; ground 支承由基础传递或直接由上部结构传递的各种作用的土体或岩体。未经加工处理的称为天然地基。 14. 木结构 timber structure 以木材为主制作的结构 15. 砌体结构 masonry structure 以砌体为主制作的结构。它包括砖结构、石结构和其它材料的砌块结构。有无筋砌体结构和配筋砌体结构。 16. 钢结构 steel structure 以钢材为主制作的结构。其中由带钢或钢板经冷加工形成的型材所制作的结构称冷弯薄壁型钢结构。 17. 混凝土（砼）结构 concrete structure 以混凝土为主制作的结构。它包括素混凝土结构、钢筋混凝土结构和预应力混凝土结构等。 18. 特种工程结构 special engineering structure 指具有特种用途的建筑物、构筑物，如高耸结构，包括塔、烟囱、桅、海洋平台、容器、构架等各种结构。 19. 房屋建筑 building 在固定地点，为使用者或占用物提供庇护覆盖进行生活、生产或其它活动家的实体。 20. 工业建筑 industrial building 提供生产用的各种建筑物，如车间、厂前区建筑、生活间、动力站、库房和运输设施等。

土木工程专业的吧，我们同行，这些课程我基本都学过 最后一个是真不会翻译civil engineering construction foundation engineering curriculum design of concrete structure curriculum design of foundation curriculum design of steel structure electrotechnology structural mechanics Course Design of House Architecture construction equipment House Architecture elasticity mechanics soil mechanics building law engineering geology PE college English cognition practice civil engineering material structural mechanics college physics experiment Band B

预应力钢结构（prestressed steel structure）：在结构上施加荷载以前，对钢结构或构件用特定的方法预加初应力，其应力符号与荷载引起的应力符号相反；当施加荷载时，以保证结构的安全和正常使用。结构或构件先抵消初应力，而且还应考虑预应力的作用，然后再按照一般受力情况工作的钢结构称为预应力钢结构。 预应力钢结构的主要特点在于： 　　①充分、反复地利用钢材弹性强度幅值，从而提高结构承载力。 　　非预应力结构承载从零应力开始达到材料设计强度f而终止受力，其承载力为N1；而预应力结构承载始自于效应力f01,其承载为N2及N3，显然N3>N2>N1; 　　②改善结构受力状态，节省钢材。例如受弯构件中的部分弯矩可以施加预应力转换为轴拉力，将弯矩峰值Mmax降低为M"max%26shy;，从而构件截面可以缩小，降低用钢量。 　　③提高结构刚度及稳定性，改善结构的各种属性。 　　预应力结构产生的结构变形常与荷载下的变形反向，因而结构刚度得以提高。由于布索而改变结构边界条件，所以提高结构稳定性。预应力可以调整结构循环应力特征而提高疲劳强度。由于降低结构自重而减小地震荷载，提高其抗震性能等。主要施加预应力的方法有四类： 　　①钢索张拉法 　　在结构体系中布置索系，通过千斤顶张拉索端而在结构中产生卸载应力而受益。这是国内外应用广泛技术成熟的一种工艺。但索端须有锚头固定增大材耗。且需张力设备等加大施工成本。 　　②支座位移法 　　在连续梁和超静定结构中，人为地强迫支座位移（垂直或水平移位），改变支座设计位置可调整内力，降低弯矩峰值，减小结构截面面积。这种方法可节省钢索，锚头等附加材耗及张拉工艺，适用于地基基础较好的工程。 　　③弹性变形法 　　钢材在弹性变形条件下，将组成结构的杆件和板件连成整体。卸除强制外力后，结构内出现恢复力产生的有益预应力。这一方法多用于工厂制造生产过程中，可生产预应力构件产品供应市场。 　　④手工简易法 　　用于中、小跨，施加张力不大情况下，例如藉拧紧螺母张拉拉杆，用正反扣螺栓横向椎拉拉索产生张力等手工操作法，简易可行，便于推广，适用于广大地区。

sports center举例子：某体育中心工程基础采用PHC桩，施工后出现桩基础质量事故，采取施打抗拔锚杆的处理方法，并取得了成功。Engineers adopted PHC piles in construction of the foundation of a sports center project. A pile foundation quality accident happened after construction. Engineers used uplift anchor arms to treat this accident and got success.广东省奥林匹克体育中心射击馆钢结构设计Steel structure design of shooting range of Guangdong Olympic Sports Center

钢材SS330和SS400的材质抗拉强度不同。日本钢材（JIS系列）的牌号中普通结构钢主要由三部分组成：第一部分表示材质，如：S（Steel）表示钢，F（Ferrum）表示铁；第二部分表示不同形状、种类、用途，如P(Plate)表示板，T（Tube）表示管，K(Kogu)表示工具；第三部分表示特征数字，一般为最低抗拉强度。如：SS400——第一个S表示钢(Steel)，第二个S表示“结构”（Structure），400抗拉强度下限为400MPa同理SS330表示抗拉强度为330MPa

Building sleeplessness

简介：江西雄宇（集团）有限公司（JiangxiXiongyuSteelStructureCo.,Ltd）位于江西省进贤县工业开发区，厂区面积110亩，共有员工420余人，有职称的工程技术及经济管理人员120人，其中：高级职称9人，中级职称48人；项目经理37人，其中一级项目经理8人、二级项目经理16人。法定代表人：熊友春成立时间：2000-03-22注册资本：320万人民币工商注册号：360124210001934企业类型：有限责任公司(自然人投资或控股)公司地址：江西省南昌市进贤县工业开发区M1-2区

GB14907-2002《钢结构防火涂料》，CECS24∶90《钢结构防火涂料应用技术规范》。 百度文库可以下载，你自己下载就行了。

SPCC材料性能 普通及机械结构用钢板中常见的日本牌号　　1、日本钢材(JIS系列)的牌号中普通结构钢主要由三部分组成　　第一部分表示材质，如：S（Steel）表示钢，F（Ferrum）表示铁；　　第二部分表示不同的形状、种类、用途，如P(Plate)表示板，T（Tube）表示管，K(Kogu)表示工具，U—特殊用途，W—线材、丝，C—铸件，F—锻件；　　第三部分 采用数字，表示钢类或钢材的序号或强度值下限。有的牌号在数字序号后还附加后缀A、B、C等字母，表示不同的质量等级、种类或厚度。如：SS400——第一个S表示钢(Steel)，第二个S表示“结构”（Structure），400为下限抗拉强度400MPa，整体表示抗拉强度为400 MPa的普通结构钢。　　在牌号主体结构（第一、二、三部分）之后，根据需要，可附加钢材形状、制造方法及热处理的后缀符号。　　2、主要牌号说明： 　　SPHC——首位S为钢Steel的缩写，P为板Plate的缩写，H为热Heat的缩写，C商业Commercial的缩写，整体表示一般用热轧钢板及钢带。　　SPHD——表示冲压用热轧钢板及钢带。 　　SPHE——表示深冲用热轧钢板及钢带。　　SPCC——表示一般用冷轧碳素钢薄板及钢带，相当于中国Q195-215A牌号。其中第三个字母C为冷Cold的缩写。需保证抗拉试验时，在牌号末尾加T为SPCCT。　　SPCD——表示冲压用冷轧碳素钢薄板及钢带，相当于中国08AL（13237）优质碳素结构钢。 　　SPCE——表示深冲用冷轧碳素钢薄板及钢带，相当于中国08AL（5213）深冲钢。需保证非时效性时，在牌号末尾加N为SPCEN。冷轧碳素钢薄板及钢带调质代号：退火状态为A，标准调质为S，1/8硬为8，1/4硬为4，1/2硬为2，硬为1。表面加工代号：无光泽精轧为D，光亮精轧为B。如SPCC-SD表示标准调质、无光泽精轧的一般用冷轧碳素薄板。再如SPCCT-SB表示标准调质、光亮加工，要求保证机械性能的冷轧碳素薄板。 　　3、JIS机械结构用钢牌号表示方法为：S+含碳量+字母代号（C、CK），其中含碳量用中间值×100表示，字母C：表示碳 K：表示渗碳用钢。如碳结卷板S20C其含碳量为0.18-0.23%。　　4、其他有关钢材牌号说明：　　SAPE—汽车结构用热轧钢板及钢带　　SBC—链条用圆钢　　SGD—银亮钢棒用一般钢材　　SB—锅炉及压力容器用碳素钢　　SGV—中、常温压力容器用碳素钢板　　SLA—低温压力容器用碳素钢板　　SPGD—冲压用镀锌薄钢板　　SPGDD—深冲压用镀锌薄钢板　　SY—热轧钢板　　SGP—碳素钢配管　　STM—锅炉热交换器用碳素钢管　　STC—汽缸用碳素钢管　　STKM—机械结构用碳素钢管　　STPC—压力配管用碳素钢管　　STPT—高温配管用碳素钢管　　STPY—配管用电弧焊碳素钢管　　STS—高压配管用碳素钢管　　SW—冷拉高碳钢丝　　SWCH—冷顶锻用碳素钢线材　　SWM—低碳钢钢丝　　SWRCH—冷锻用碳素钢线材　　SWRH—高碳钢盘条　　SWRM—低碳钢盘条 日本的牌号,SPCC是一般用途冷硬卷,SPHC一般用热卷. 同时还有SPCD SPCE SPHD SPHE.

Lesson 4 Tall BuildingAlthough there have been many advancements in building construction technology in general, spectacular achievements have been made in the design and construction of ultrahigh-rise buildings．虽然在建筑施工技术中，总的来说已经有了许多进步，但是在超高层建筑的设计和施工中也取得了惊人的成就。The early development of high-rise buildings began with structural steel framing．高层建筑的早期发展始于结构的钢框架。Reinforced concrete and stressed-skin tube systems have since been economically and competitively used in a number of structures for both residential and commercial purposes．从那以后，钢筋混凝土和薄壳筒体体系就被竞相经济地用在了许多民用和商用结构中。The high-rise buildings ranging from 50 to 110 stories that are being built all over the United States are the result of innovations and development of new structural systems．美国各地正在修建的50～110层的高层建筑是新的结构体系改革和发展的结果。Greater height entails increased column and beam sizes to make buildings more rigid so that under wind load they will not sway beyond an acceptable limit．更大的高度需要增加柱和梁的尺寸来使建筑物的刚性更大，以便于它们在风荷载作用下不会倾斜到允许的范围之外。Excessive lateral sway may cause serious recurring damage to partitions, ceilings, and other architectural details．过分的水平倾斜将导致隔板、天花板和其他建筑物细部的严重的复发性破坏。In addition, excessive sway may cause discomfort to the occupants of the building because of their perception of such motion．此外，过分的倾斜还可能导致建筑物内部居住者的不适，因为他们感觉到了这种运动。Structural systems of reinforced concrete, as well as steel, take full advantage of the inherent potential stiffness of the total building and therefore do not require additional stiffening to limit the sway．钢筋混凝土和钢结构系统充分利用了整个建筑的固有的潜在的刚度，因此不需要额外的加强板来限制倾斜。In a steel structure, for example, the economy can be defined in terms of the total average quantity of steel per square foot of floor area of the building.比如，在钢结构中，可以根据建筑物的每平方英尺楼板面积所需要钢材的总平均数量来限定经济。Curve A in Fig.1 represents the average unit weight of a conventional frame with increasing numbers of stories．图1中的曲线A描绘的是传统框架随着增加的楼层数的平均单位重量。Curve B represents the average steel weight if the frame is protected from all lateral loads．曲线B描绘的是在框架不受任何横向荷载时平均钢材重量。The gap between the upper boundary and the lower boundary represents the premium for height for the traditional column-and-beam frame．上下边界之间的间隙描绘的是传统柱梁框架由高度带来的额外费用。Structural engineers have developed structural systems with a view to eliminating this premium．为了消除这种额外费用，结构工程师们已经发展了一些结构体系。Tall buildings in steel developed as a result of several types of structural innovations.用钢材修建的高层建筑是作为几种类型的结构的创新的结果而发展起来的。The innovations have been applied to the construction of both office and apartment buildings．这种创新已经被用在办公楼和公寓大楼的施工当中。In order to tie the exterior columns of a frame structure to the interior vertical trusses, a system of rigid belt trusses at mid-height and at the top of the building may be used.为了把框架结构的外柱连接到内部垂直桁架上，可以在建筑的中部和顶部设置刚性带状桁架系统。A good example of this system is the First Wisconsin Bank Building (1974) in Milwaukee．这种体系的一个好的例子就是密尔沃基市的威斯康星第一银行大楼。The maximum efficiency of the total structure of a tall building，for both strength and stiffness, to resist wind load can be achieved only if all column elements can be connected to each other in such a way that the entire building acts as a hollow tube or rigid box in projecting out of the ground．只有当所有的柱子以这样一种方式（即整个建筑作为一个中空的筒体或刚性的盒子突出于地面上）互相连接在一起时，才能获得高层建筑的整体结构对于抵抗风荷载的强度和刚度的最大功效。This particular structural system was probably used for the first time in the 43-story reinforced concrete DeWitt Chestnut Apartment Building in Chicago．The most significant use of this system is in the twin structural steel towers of the 1l0-story World Trade Center building in New York．这种特殊的结构体系第一次使用可能是在芝加哥的这幢43层钢筋混凝土公寓大楼中。这种体系的最有意义的使用是在纽约的110层世贸中心大厦的结构钢双塔中。The exterior columns of a building can be spaced reasonably far apart and yet be made to work together as a tube by connecting them with diagonal members intersecting at the center line of the columns and beams．建筑的外柱可相隔适当远的距离，它们还能被作成一个筒体一起起作用，通过把它们和对角的构件在柱和梁的中线上交叉而连接在一起。This simple yet extremely efficient system was used for the first time on the John Hancock Center in Chicago，using as much steel as is normally needed for a traditional 40-story building．这种简单但非常有效的体系第一次使用是在芝加哥的John Hancock中心大楼中，它用了和传统40层楼所正常需要的一样多的钢筋。With the continuing need for larger and taller buildings, the framed tube or the column-diagonal truss tube may be used in a bundled form to create larger tube envelopes while maintaining high efficiency．随着对更大更高的建筑的不断需要，框筒或对顶柱桁架筒体可能被用在捆绑的形式中以形成更大的筒体外壳，同时又保持了高效力。The 110-story Sears Roebuck Headquarters Building in Chicago has nine tubes, bundled at the base of the building in three rows．芝加哥的110层Sears Roebuck Headquarters大楼有9个筒体，在大楼的基础部位被捆成了三排。Some of these individual tubes terminate at different heights of the building，demonstrating the unlimited architectural possibilities of this latest structural concept．这些独立的筒体中的一些在大楼的不同高度处中止，这是最新的结构概念的不受限制的建筑上的可能性的一个例证。The Sears tower，at a height of 1450 ft (442 m) ，is the world"s tallest building．The tube structural system was developed for improving the resistance to lateral forces (wind or earthquake) and the control of drift (1ateral building movement) in high-rise building．筒体结构体系被发展起来是为了提高高层建筑对侧向荷载（风和地震）的抵抗，以及对建筑的侧向位移的控制。The stressed-skin tube takes the tube system a step further．薄壳筒体使筒体体系又向前迈进了一步。The development of the stressed-skin tube utilizes the facade of the building as a structural element which acts with the framed tube, thus providing an efficient way of resisting lateral loads in high-rise buildings，and resulting in cost-effective column-free interior space with a high ratio of net to gross floor area．薄壳筒体的进步是利用建筑的正面（墙或板）作为与框筒共同起作用的结构构件，为高层建筑抵抗侧向荷载提供了一个有效的途径，而且可获得节省成本、不设柱子、使用面积与建筑面积之比很高的室内空间。Because of the contribution of the stressed-skin facade，the framed members of the tube require 1ess mass，and are thus lighter and less expensive．因为薄壳立面的作用，筒体的框架构件需要量就更少，因此就更轻更便宜。All the typical columns and spandrel beams are standard rolled shapes，minimizing the use and cost of special built-up members．所有代表性的柱和窗下墙的墙托梁都是标准的轧制形式，这可以使特殊的组合构件的用量和成本降到最低。The depth requirement for the perimeter spandrel beams is also reduced, and the need for upset beams above floors, which would encroach on valuable space，is minimized．周围窗下墙托梁的厚度要求也就降低了，将侵占有用空间的楼板上的梁的需求也减到了最少。The structural system has been used on the 54-story One Mellon Bank Center in Pittsburgh．While tall buildings constructed of steel had an early start，development of tall buildings of reinforced concrete progressed at a fast enough rate to provide a competitive challenge to structural steel systems for both office and apartment buildings．当早期有了用钢筋修建的高层建筑的时候，钢筋混凝土的高层建筑也在以一个很快的速度发展，从而形成了对钢结构系统的激烈挑战，不论是在办公大楼还是在公寓大楼的使用中。Framed tube 框筒As discussed above，the first framed tube concept for tall buildings was used for the 43-story DeWitt Chestnut Apartment Building．如前所讨论的，框筒的概念第一次被用于高层建筑是在43层的DeWitt Chestnut 公寓大楼中。In this building，exterior columns were spaced at 5.5-ft (1.68-m) centers, and interior columns were used as needed to support the 8-in. -thick (20-cm) flat-plate concrete slabs．在这幢建筑中，外柱中线间隔了1.68m，内柱被用来支撑20cm厚的混凝土平板。Another system in reinforced concrete for office buildings combines the traditional shear wall construction with an exterior framed tube．办公大楼中用钢筋混凝土的另一种系统是把传统的剪力墙结构和一个外部的框筒结合起来。The system consists of an outer framed tube of very closely spaced columns and an interior rigid shear wall tube enclosing the central service area．该体系由间距很小的柱子构成的外框筒和围绕中心设备区的刚性剪力墙内筒组成。The system (Fig.2), known as the tube-in-tube system，made it possible to design the world"s present tallest (714 ft or 218m) lightweight concrete building (the 52-story One Shell Plaza Building in Houston) for the unit price of a traditional shear wall structure of only 35 stories．被称为筒中筒的这种系统，使设计出目前世界上最高的轻质混凝土大楼成为可能，并且这幢大楼的单位价格仅是传统的35层剪力墙结构的单位价格。Systems combining both concrete and steel have also been developed，an example of which is the composite system developed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill in which an exterior closely spaced framed tube in concrete envelops an interior steel framing, thereby combining the advantages of both reinforced concrete and structural steel systems．The 52-story One Shell Square Building in New Orleans is based on this system．混凝土和钢筋组合使用的系统也已经被发展起来，这种系统的一个例子就是由Skidmore，Owings和Merrill共同发展的复合体系，在该体系中，一个间隔很近的混凝土外框筒包裹着一个内钢框架，因此它结合了钢筋混凝土和钢结构系统的优点。52层的新奥尔良广场大楼就是建立在这种系统的基础之上。This text mainly introduced some structural types of high-rise building, such as systems in steel, frames with rigid belt trusses, framed tube, stressed-skin tube system, tube in tube, etc. In addition, it gives us some examples which are representational.这篇文章主要介绍了高层建筑的一些结构类型，比如钢筋体系、刚性带状桁架框架、框筒、薄壳筒体体系、筒中筒等等。此外，文章还给我们举了一些具有代表性的实例。希望帮到你。

你好！纯人工翻译的！1，reinforced concrete can be built into all kinds of shapes such as girders,pillars,boards and arches.2,one of the most important characters of construction materials is rigidity.3,the thickness of walls neededs is very large,so that the structure of the main walls imposes instrictions to the height of buildings.4,the primitive development of high-rise buildings began from steel structure framework.

国家水上运动中心,即是 "水立方",将会是最戏剧性的而且最令人兴奋的举办地点之一在 2008 年为北京奥林匹克以喜好运动的事件为特色。 中心的内部也作强烈的印象在 2003 年七月, Arup 的协会, 建筑学公司 PTW 、 CSCEC(中国州工程和工程公司) 和 CSCEC 深圳设计学会 (CSCEC+设计) 嬴得了国际的设计竞争为国立水生动物中心为这 2008个北京奥林匹克。 竞争,被国际建筑师的嵌板判断了, 设计，而且强势主导的中国学者,以来自十个国际的公会的服从开始以及牵涉了公众的展览和选票。 开始的水立方体形势在 2007 年十月准备好 . 具体物和钢的结构已经被完成，而且原型包复的 500 m 2 在 2006 年四月被安装了。 下状态将安装所有的包复然后跟随在与 de之上-支撑内在的结构而且完成内部。 建筑物的结构设计以肥皂泡沫的天然形成为基础为了要达成建筑物的结构设计,以肥皂泡沫的天然形成为基础提供任意又有机的外表，我们用了进入肥皂如何起泡之内被 Weaire 和 Phelan(物理学的教授) 接手的研究可能在无穷的排列被安排。 为了要带着设计到生活，个别的泡沫被与一个塑料的电影合并而且像一个裁缝式样被缝制。 一个整个的区段被综合然后在结构里面进入地方之内放。 有内部和外部电影, 和电影然后被膨胀一次它是在-situ。 它其后将会不断地被抽。 真实的抽泵是收缩的子, 而且一经安装是完成操作员将会负责正面的操作和维护有十年之久。 这是摘要的一个主要成份和在承包商的选择方面。 计画是一个机会让我们提供足以支撑的服务我们的专长。 建筑物将会使用太阳能加热池和内部的区域、和水将被过滤而且回到游泳池的所有的以橹反推的水。 对于计画的方案和设计在澳洲被发展。 计画现在已经被移交到正在照顾工程的北京的一个队。

GB 7231-2003 工业管道的基本识别色、识别符号和安全标识

What is th boarding time? 何时登机呢？ boarding time登机时间http://www.kfjpw.com/pic/200785192622440.jpg这是图片

Blastfurnace,includingfoundation,steelstructure,lining,coolingequipment,andblastfurnacedesign.Toblastfurnacethesizeoftheeffectivevolumethattheeffectivevolumeofblastfurnaceandblastfurnaceblocksthatworkshopscale,blastfurnaceblastfurnacedesignisthebasisforthedesignofthistitle.Thispaperfirstblastfurnacedesign;hearthhearthsize,includingdiameter,heighthearth;afterthedeathofironlayerthicknessdesign,furnacewaistdiameter,theventralhornfurnace,furnaceabdominalheight,diameterandheightoffurnacepipes,furnacebodyangle,furnaceheight,furnacewaistheight;lastcalibrationfurnacevolume,calculationerrors.Aftertheempiricalformulacomparedwithblastfurnacevolume.SecondBlastFurnacedesign;theoutsetthateachpartofblastfurnaceliningdamagemechanism;re-designeachpartofthefurnacerefractories;finaldesignofthefurnaceliningofmasonrywaysindifferentpartsofeachcharacteristic.Inthedesignofblastfurnacecoolingequipment.First,notetheroleofthecoolingequipmentusedinblastfurnacecoolingmedium;afterthedesignofeverypartofblastfurnacecoolingstructure,andtheirrespectivecharacteristics.Finally,weillustratethebasisofthecontentsoftheblastfurnaceandblastfurnacebasedontherequirementsof

1、 produced a first floor ceiling to install the construction process, site management and technical staff found that many duct close to the ceiling angle, so that the air supply duct of the vibration generated in the process will cause the ceiling shaking, I company managers to staff the report, your company requested our bracket for the ceiling to install anti-huang, my company"s technical staff with experience in the actual circumstances and after their visit to believe that such anti-huang bracket installation solve the shock has no real meaning, please design staff and management to confirm. If you must install the anti-huang bracket, please provide specific installation program of your company. 2 、production of the first floor of the building as part of the region due to placement of equipment and space management and other reasons, have made significant adjustments to my company"s progress and construction programs have had a great impact. Please charge will change on the first floor at this stage is summarized, and the preparation of information and the delivery of our drawings in order to facilitate the latter part of our construction schedule and program adjustments. 3、 production of the first floor of the east of the main entrance of the building, as well as the southwest corner of the door cover problems, while the first floor of the east elevator office is required to produce steel structure, and requested the management of the construction program as soon as possible to pay on our side. 4 、because of design problems (wind pipe 3.6, ceiling 3.4), resulting in insufficient space to install the keel, though by your company coordinate and solve some problems, but the whole duct still a lot of problems in the construction process in our company has repeatedly found that many Regional mechanical and electrical side also unable to adjust. Please your company to address and solve this problem. Thanks

structure 英[u02c8stru028cktu0283u0259(r)] 美[u02c8stru028cktu0283u025a] n. 结构; 构造; 建筑物; 体系; vt. 构成，排列; 安排; [例句]The theatre is a futuristic steel and glass structure.这家剧院是钢筋和玻璃结构的未来派建筑。-------------如有帮助请采纳， 如需帮助可追问，谢谢。

http://expo.shanghaidaily.com/zone.aspshanghai daily上面所有展馆的英文介绍都有 你想要多少篇都无所谓，慢慢挑好了

第一次见到黄河是在大二时，一个国庆节的早晨，天气有点微微凉，不过清新得出奇。 When I first saw the Yellow River in my sophomore year, it was a national day morning. The weather was a little cool, but it was surprisingly fresh. 我们是骑着单车从山东大学(济南市)出发的，大概要三十分钟……听我那位同学说，这时候的黄河是断水期，不过还好，今年竟然到现在还没断过水……想想就要见到我们伟大的母亲河了，心中那份激动是很难形容的……我和我的同学都默不作声骑车前进，但我想我的同学应该也和我一样激动，一样都在心里咆着：长江长城黄山黄河在我心中总前进。 We set out from Shandong University (Jinan City) by bike. It will take about 30 minutes Listen to my clas *** ate, the Yellow River is in water cut-off period at this time, but fortunately, the water has not been cut off so far this year Think about meeting our great mother river. It"s hard to describe the excitement in my heart Both my clas *** ates and I rode in silence, but I think my clas *** ates should be as excited as I am and roar in my heart: the great wall of the Yangtze River, the Huangshan and the Yellow River are always advancing in my heart. 其实我并不是没见过大江大河的，我的家乡有很多河流，如榕江和练江(和韩江是潮汕三大江)。从小就长在江边的啦……长江和钱塘江也都见过了，都是很壮阔但平静的那种。而黄河在我的心目中，应该是波澜壮阔，滔滔不绝，甚至是惊涛拍岸那种气势摄人的，加上从小就有那种母亲河的神圣化，所以非要去看一下不可。 In fact, I haven"t seen many rivers. There are many rivers in my hometown, such as Rongjiang and lianjiang (and Hanjiang are the three major rivers in Chaoshan). I grew up by the river The Yangtze River and Qiantang River have also been seen. They are both magnificent but peaceful. In my mind, the Yellow River should be magnificent, eloquent, and even shocking. In addition, since I was a child, it has the sanctification of mother river, so I have to go and have a look. 好不容易骑到了大桥脚下。上桥是一个很长的坡，我的同学累得面无表情，我因为可能过于兴奋而不觉得很累，一个劲地朝桥顶冲呀冲呀……是看到黄河了，兴奋也跌到了谷底，河面没有想象中那么宽，河水有气无力地向北流(没记错的话)，三分之二的河床露出水面，满是黄黄的细沙，好多小孩子就在沙滩(不要笑，真的是沙滩)上放风筝。还有好多推着三轮车的人在那里烤玉米或鸡翅。。 Finally, I rode to the foot of the bridge. The bridge is a long slope. My clas *** ates are so tired that they have no expression on their faces. I may be too excited to feel very tired. I"m rushing towards the top of the bridge I saw the Yellow River, and I fell to the bottom of the valley. The river is not as wide as I expected. The river flows to the North powerlessly (if I remember correctly). Two thirds of the river bed is above the water, full of yellow sand. Many children fly kites on the beach (don"t laugh, it"s really the beach). There are many people pushing tricycles there baking corn or chicken wings.. 。我在桥头看了一会，觉得很没劲。这时我那同学也气喘喘地骑车上来了。我们就在桥头歇了一会，好多超重型卡车从桥上驶过，那桥一震一震地象地震样，我那同学怕桥塌了就建议到桥底的沙滩上去看看…… 。 I watched it for a while at the bridge and felt very bored. At this time, my clas *** ate came up on his bike. We just stopped at the end of the bridge for a while. A lot of super heavy trucks drove by the bridge. It was like an earthquake. My clas *** ate suggested going to the beach at the bottom of the bridge to have a look if the bridge collapsed 说是桥底，眼前就在脚底下，但骑车要七拐八绕地走了八九分钟，先下了河岸(刚上来又下去了，惨)，穿过一片小树林，越过几道小河干，才到了桥底，一路上好多硕大的枯树半埋在沙堆里，可能好多年了，都朽得并不多了，听他说那是从唐古拉山漂过来的，我也不知是不是，就当他是瞎说吧……我的同学建议去吃个“早餐”再说，所谓早餐也就是烧饼绿豆粥等等，于是我就要了一个烤玉米和一个大番暑，我的同学要了一碗绿豆粥和大饼(稀粥中浮着几个绿豆皮)，我们跑到桥底吃了起来。这是我平生第一次吃这么特别的早餐，不过很好吃。 It"s the bottom of the bridge. It"s under my feet right now, but it takes me eight or nine minutes to walk around. I got off the Bank of the river first (just up and down, miserable). I went through a *** all forest, crossed several rivers, and then I got to the bottom of the bridge. A lot of dead trees were half buried in the sand along the way. Maybe for many years, they didn"t decay much. I heard that they drifted from Tanggula Mountain. So did I I don"t know if it"s true. Let"s take him as a liar My clas *** ate suggested to have a "breakfast". In addition, the so-called breakfast is pancake making mung bean porridge and so on. So I asked for a baked corn and a big summer heat. My clas *** ate asked for a bowl of mung bean porridge and a big cake (there are several mung bean skins floating in the porridge). We ran to the bottom of the bridge to eat. This is the first time in my life that I have such a special breakfast, but it"s delicious. 吃饭中间我抽空看看这大桥，从这个角度看这黄河大桥，很壮观，桥有十几层楼那么高，一千多米长，因为年头比较久，加上是水泥钢铁结构，看起来很破旧，也就是因为有点仓桑感，更觉得这桥的高大。汽车从上面经过，听到隆隆声，还有好多灰尘落下来，在阳光下飞扬…… In the middle of the meal, I took time to look at the bridge. From this point of view, the Yellow River Bridge is very spectacular. The bridge is more than ten stories tall and more than a thousand meters long. Because of its long age and its cement and steel structure, it looks very shabby. That is to say, it feels a little bit like a Cangsang bridge, which makes it even more tall. The car passed by, heard the rumble, and a lot of dust fell down, flying in the sun 两个小姑娘走过来向我们推销纪念品，就是钥匙扣之类的东东，我不感兴趣，我那同学倒是挺感兴趣的，东摸摸西摸摸，问这问那，竟和那两个小姑娘聊得火热，可能山东人就是这么直爽的吧我心想，最后竟和我们合照了一张黄河大合照。我不好意思让她们白费心思就买了一把孔子扇。 Two little girls came to sell souvenirs to us, that is, the key chain and so on. I"m not interested. My clas *** ate was quite interested. He felt the East and the west, asked about this and that, and talked with those o little girls. Maybe Shandong people are so straightforward. I thought, finally I took a picture of the Yellow River with us. I"m sorry that they bought a Confucius fan in vain. 吃过了早餐我们就沿着河床走，在黄河里骑自行车(不要笑)，这时我有机会看清这河水是怎么样子，我以前听说过“黄河的水三分泥”，可能是别的地方，济南的黄河水没那么多泥，黄就是黄了点，但黄得很透，但在感觉上一点都不赃，不比上海黄埔江污污地还漂着油珠，(珠海的也好不了多少，一荡一荡的满是垃圾，这是后话)。 After breakfast, we walked along the river bed and rode bicycles in the Yellow River (don"t laugh). At this time, I had a chance to see what the river looked like. I"ve heard that "the water of the Yellow River is three parts muddy". Maybe it"s from other places. The water of the Yellow River in Jinan is not so muddy. It"s yellow, but it"s very yellow, but it doesn"t feel stolen at all. It"s no better than the polluted land of the Huangpu River in Shanghai With the oil beads, (Zhuhai"s is not much better, a lot of garbage, this is the latter part). 我们就这样悠悠地荡了一天，天色暗了才回济南，在山大门口我买了张地图，看着地图计划明天的行程，突然我发现这黄河画得好象一条蚯蚓。西西(完) We wandered for a long day like this. When it was dark, we went back to Jinan. I bought a map at the gate of the mountain. Looking at the map, I planned the trip for tomorrow. Suddenly, I found that the Yellow River was painted like an earthworm. West (end)

马克思主义基本原理Basic Principle of Marxism毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论An Introduction to Mao Zedong Thought and Theory System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics中国近现代史纲要Outline of Chinese Modern History思想道德修养与法律基础Morals and Ethics &Fundamentals of Law大学英语 College English程序设计语言The Programming Language 体育Physical Education工程基础训练ⅡEngineering Basic Training Ⅱ小计（毕业要求）科技普及与知识拓展类文艺欣赏与人格熏陶类公民教育与身心发展类社会实践与调查研究类学科竞赛与创新创业类职业资格与技能培训类小计（毕业要求）高等数学Ⅰ（一）/（二）Advanced MathⅠ线性代数ⅠLinear Algebra Ⅰ概率论与数理统计ⅠProbability and Mathematical Statistics I数值分析ⅢNumerical Analysis Ⅲ大学物理ⅡCollege Physics Ⅱ物理实验ⅡPhysical Experiment Ⅱ画法几何Descriptive Geometry水利工程制图及CADEngineering Graphics & Auto CAD运筹学Operational Research小计（毕业要求）水利水电工程专业学科概论Introduction to Hydraulic Engineering材料力学IMaterial Mechanics I结构力学IStructural mechanics I工程材料（水利类）Engineering Materials土力学Soil Mechanics水利工程经济Hydraulic Engineering Economics工程水文学Engineering Hydrology 水力学（水利类）Hydraulics水工钢筋混凝土结构Reinforced Concrete Structures工程项目管理Project Management水工建筑物Hydraulic Structures水电站建筑物(含水力机械)Water Power Station structure水利工程施工Construction of Hydraulic Structures小计（毕业要求）认识实习Cognition Practice工程测量Engineering Survey水环境化学Chemistry in Aquatic Environment环境学基础Fundamentals of Environmental Science理论力学ITheoretical Mechanics I工程地质（水利类）Engineering Geology水资源规划与利用Hydropower Planning and management专业英语Technical English测量实习Survey Practice地质实习Engineering Geognosy Practice渡槽设计（水工钢筋混凝土课程设计）Course Design of Armored Concrete Structure水资源规划与利用课程设计Course Design of Flood Accommodation生产实习Specialized Practice坝工课程设计Course Design of Dam Engineering水电站厂房课程设计Course Design of Workshop of Hydraulic Powerhouse水利工程施工课程设计Course Design of Construction of Hydraulic Structures毕业实习Graduation Practice毕业设计Graduation Design水利三维数字化技术3D Digitalization Technology of Hydraulic Projects结构动力学Structural Dynamics 弹性力学Elastic Mechanics岩石力学（水）Rock Mechanics结构可靠度Structure Reliability水工钢结构Steel Structures土木工程概论Introduction to Civil Engineering房屋建筑概论Introduction to Building Architecture道路桥梁工程Road and Bridge Engineering基础工程Foundation Engineering水利工程管理Management of Hydraulic Projects水利法规Water Laws and Regulations工程造价Project Costs招投标与合同管理Bidding and Contract Management灌溉排水工程Irrigation & Drainage Engineering城市水务工程Urban Water Projects江河治理与防洪工程River Governing and Flood Controlling新能源开发与利用Development and Utilization of New Energy移民规划Resettlement Programming生态水利学Eco-hydro Engineering 施工机械与施工机械化Construction Machine & Mechanization坝工技术新进展New Advances of Dam Construction Technique水电站电气设备Electric Equipment of Hydropower Station实践认识部分：军事训练与军事理论Military Theory and Training认识实习Cognition Practice测量实习Survey Practice地质实习Engineering Geognosy Practice水资源规划与利用课程设计Course Design of Flood Accommodation生产实习Specialized Practice渡槽设计（水工钢筋混凝土课程设计）Course Design of Armored Concrete Structure坝工课程设计Course Design of Dam Engineering水电站厂房课程设计Course Design of Workshop of Hydraulic Powerhouse水利工程施工课程设计Course Design of Construction of Hydraulic Structures毕业实习Graduation Practice毕业设计Graduation Design这就是基本所有课程了！详细的话你可以百度三峡大学水利与环境学院，然后进入官网，看一下培养方案！

1，中国石油管道局工程有限公司，廊坊市中国石油管道局工程有限公司，位于廊坊市广阳道，隶属于三桶油之一的中国石油天然气集团公司。是中国油气储运工程建设领域的一家专业化公司，公司创建于1973年，为埃克森美孚、BP、壳牌、沙特阿美、中国海油、中国石化等70余家国内外油气公司提供服务。参与建设了西气东输管道系统、中亚天然气管道系统、中缅油气管道等长输油气管道，总里程超过12万公里。公司经营足迹遍及中国国内，以及中东、非洲、中亚、东南亚、大洋洲、南美洲等6大地区共近50个国家。打开网易新闻 查看精彩图片 2，廊坊中电熊猫晶体科技有限公司廊坊中电熊猫晶体科技有限公司，公司隶属于中国电子科技集团旗下的中电熊猫集团。公司于2003年5月注册成立，是一家高新技术企业。公司主要产品为石英晶体谐振器、高档次石英晶片和晶棒。全新引进日本、美国等国家和地区的先进生产设备、检测设备和生产加工技术，在国内居绝对领先地位。公司产品主要用于无线电通讯领域（手机、汽车通讯、卫星通讯等）、笔记本电脑、彩电、数码录像机、汽车音响等。SMD晶体元器件年产量达5000多万只。

女生不适合。

Jiangsu Huai Steel Group Co., Ltd. is one of the domestic modern iron and steel enterprises, the total assets of 6.406 billion yuan enterprises, with an introduction from Italy in the 1990s with the international advanced level in 70 tons of ultra-high-power electric furnace steel refinery --- --- Casting - with hot / hot delivery process - and rolling short gifted small and medium-sized steel rod production line profiles, and a modernization of domestic steel rolling production line and 80 tons of converter steel production lines, with an annual output of high-quality carbon steel structure, or Structural steel, spring steel, high-strength construction steel, bearing steel, gear steel, free cutting steel, and other distinctions Steel 2 million tons, build 1.45 million tons. Sand the end of 2006 was the acquisition of the assets reorganization. The end of 2008 will build China"s first with independent intellectual property rights of the converter process the production of special steel bar production lines, and establish a bearing steel, gear steel, spring steel, machinery manufacturing industry with structural steel, steel anchor chain, free cutting steel as the main Product structure, to the ultimate realization of Cape gifted, gifted to the special strategic adjustment of product structure. After the completion of the project, Huai Steel Group will form a 3 million metric tons of production, sales income reached 15 billion yuan, 1.5 billion yuan of profits and taxes Chao, became the gifted special steel industry most important production bases, ranks among the world"s top 10 before the special steel enterprises.

tag log是什么意思？标记日志

钢板分很多啊~~~主要区别于内部各种元素的含量比如Q235,Q345这是很常见的~~~~Q235是普通碳素钢Q345是低合金高强度钢比前者机械性能更好~~价格贵一点.主要内部的Mn量较高304是不锈钢~~~Cr Ni含量很高45#是优质碳素结构钢Cr12是工具钢同时也是合金钢W18Cr4V是高速钢1Cr18Ni9Ti是耐热钢ZMn13是高锰钢

SS400是普通结构钢(STRUCTURE STEEL) 对应国内的普通碳素结构钢Q235-A、Q235-B、Q235-C、Q235-D 化学成分:1)Q235-A C0.14-0.22,Mn0.30-0.65,Si≤0.30,S≤0.050,P≤0.045 2)Q235-B C0.12-0.20,Mn0.30-0.70,Si≤0.30,S...

SPHT2是焊管用钢 SPHC是最普通的用钢

基本成分是一样的,只是Q235的成分的精度略低于SS400。

第一个S表示钢(Steel)第二个S表示―结构（Structure）418为下限抗拉强度418MPa，整体表示抗拉强度为418MPa的普通结构钢。-D=表面加工代号：无光泽精轧

艾菲尔铁塔高，多姿多彩的街道，美丽的塞纳河，光荣的宫殿，浪漫的人，旧的历史...巴黎是一个伟大的地方，世界上所有的人。 艾菲尔铁塔旁，是在法国巴黎塞纳河铁塔。艾菲尔铁塔，巴黎的象征是建于1887年纪念法国大革命100周年。这是巴黎最高的建筑和世界上最知名的古迹之一。它得名于它的设计者，Eiffel.The 320米高的塔是一个中空的钢框架结构和竹笋直上云端。它的重量9000吨。 艾菲尔铁塔是相当于约81水平在常规建设。第一级和第二级可以连接楼梯和电梯。在阿南部塔基售票处出售车票使用楼梯而在该位置开始。在第一个平台，楼梯继续从东塔。第三个级别首脑会议是由升降机才能访问。我是在网上找的翻译，绝对可靠

　　摘 要：在介绍钢筋混凝土异形柱框架结构特点和设计计算方法的基础上，结合《混凝土异形柱技术规程》（JGJ149—2006）及《建筑抗震设计规范》（GB 50011—2010），探讨异形柱框架结构设计的特殊规定、要求。 　　关键词：异形柱；框架结构；抗震规范 　　Abstract: On the basis of introducing the steel reinforced concrete special shaped column frame structure characteristics and design calculation method ,combined with “the concrete special-shaped column technical regulations " ( JGJ149 - 2006 ) and " the buildings seismic design code " ( GB 50011 - 2010 ), this paper discusses on the special-shaped column frame structure design special regulations and requirements. 　　Key words: special-shaped column; frame structure; seismic design code 　　 　　中图分类号：TU318文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-2104（2012） 　　 　　1 概 述 　　 近年来，随着人们物质文化生活水平的提高，人们对住宅建筑使用要求也在日益提高。当今人们对住宅建筑，除了满足最基本的功能要求外，对室内的美观及使用的舒适度要求也越来越高。普通的矩形框架柱一般都比填充墙体要厚，凸出的柱角很大一部分露在房间内部，使室内布置和家具摆设受到一定的限制，特别是小面积住宅更显影响。此外，外露的柱角也会影响、减少建筑的有效使用面积。普通剪力墙结构虽然不会出现“柱楞”，但其对建筑空间的严格限定与分隔，使建筑空间不能灵活改变。人们普遍希望住宅既能像剪力墙结构一样房间内部四角平整光滑、整齐美观，又能像框架结构一样，可拆除填充墙体，灵活布置房间内空间，于是异形柱框架结构便应运而生。 　　2异形柱框架结构的特点 　　 2.1异形柱截面形式不同于普通框架柱的方形、矩形、圆形，而通常为“L、T、+”等异形柱截面，其截面各肢的肢高肢厚比不大于4。异形柱各肢肢长可能相等，也可能不相等，但提倡采用等肢异形柱。当不得不采用不等肢异形柱时，柱两肢的肢高比不宜超过1.6。异形柱在满足受力的前提下，肢厚宜与相连填充墙等厚，若比相连填充墙体厚，出现柱楞，则将失去美观、使用方便的基本意义。 　　 2.2 与普通框架相比，异形柱框架结构总体侧向刚度较小，竖向整体显得较柔。异形柱截面有一根对称轴或无对称轴，对荷载方向较敏感，抗扭刚度较差，因此异形柱抗扭能力较普通框架差。异形柱框架中的梁柱截面较薄，施工时不易捣实，再加上梁柱交接处应力集中，削减了节点核心区的体积，使节点抗剪承载力降低。 　　 2.3 异形柱框架结构的平面布置，除应遵守一般框架结构的构造措施、相关规定、设计要求外，还应综合考虑自身的特点，注意以下几方面的问题： 　　 2.3.1 平面布置宜尽量对称，两个主轴方向要协调，使合力中心尽可能和刚度中心重合，减少偏心距，尽量减少因扭转产生的不利影响； 　　 2.3.2 考虑采用双向承重体系，并纵横向相连接； 　　 2.3.3 各柱肢应尽量对齐，使柱肢与梁一起构成较规则、多跨的抗侧力体系， 　　 2.3.4 异形柱应重点布置在房屋中影响使用的墙角部位，其它部位从受力合理和施工方便两个方面考虑宜采用矩形截面柱。这样兼顾了使用和安全两个方面，充分发挥了异形柱使用和受力的特点。 　　3异形柱框架结构设计方法 　　 异形柱框架结构设计已有了一段时间，通过了多年的实践之后，现已经颁布了统一的国家规范。异形柱不宜套用普通柱的配筋公式，也不宜直接用剪力墙的配筋公式，一般来说，异形柱的计算方法遵循以下规则： 　　 3.1 确定结构布置形式 　　 异形柱框架结构一般采用规则的结构方案，这个是为了满足抗震概念的设计要求。规则结构有利于减少偏心，刚度和承载力均匀分布的优点。当根据建筑功能需要设置底部大空间时，可通过框架底部抽柱并设置转换梁，形成底部抽柱转换层的异形柱结构。不落地的框架柱应直接落在转换层主结构上。托柱梁应双向布置，可双向均为框架梁，或一方为框架梁，另一方为托柱次梁。 　　 3.2 确定结构抗震等级 　　 对于有抗震设计要求的异形柱框架结构，应该根据抗震设防烈度和房屋高度确定结构的抗震等级，并据此对其进行相应的结构验算、设置构造措施。 　　 3.3 极限状态设计 　　 对于居住建筑，其异形柱框架结构的安全等级应采用二级，设计使用年限不应少于50年。结构计算应该进行承载能力极限状态和正常使用极限状态计算和验算。应根据结构的地震作用，竖向荷载，风荷载的最不利效应组合对异形柱进行正截面、斜截面、梁柱节点承载力进行验算。 　　 3.4 结构分析模型和计算 　　 利用弹性方法计算异形柱框架结构在竖向荷载、风荷载和多遇地震作用下的内力和位移。框架梁及连梁等构件可考虑在竖向荷载下梁端局部塑性变形引起的内力重分布。异形柱框架结构应采用空间杆系模型或其他组合有限元等分析模型。计算其结构内力及位移时，可假定楼板在其自身平面内为无限刚性，并应在设计中采取措施保证楼板平面内的整体刚度。 　　 3.5 截面计算 　　 异形柱框架结构的异形柱应进行双向偏心受压正截面承载力计算、双向偏心受拉正截面承载力计算、斜截面受剪承载力计算以及梁柱节点核心区受剪承载力计算。当处于抗震地区时，应考虑地震作用组合的影响。 　　4结合《异形柱规程》及《抗震规范》探讨异形柱框架结构设计的特殊规定、要求。 　　 4.1 异形柱框架结构的最大适用高度 　　 由于异形柱框架结构是一种较新型的结构形式，只经过十余年的实践。综合考虑现有的理论研究、实验研究成果及设计施工经验，其房屋适用的最大高度较一般的混凝土框架结构有所降低。现就将《混凝土异形柱技术规程》与《建筑抗震设计规范》对比如下: 　　 　　 4.2异形柱框架结构的抗震等级 　　 由于异形柱框架结构的抗震性能相对于普通混凝土框架结构房屋较弱，异形柱框架结构的抗震等级相对也交严格，相应《混凝土异形柱技术规程》的抗震等级分类也较《建筑抗震设计规范》更为详细，现就将《异形柱规程》与《抗震规范》有关于抗震等级分类的对比如下表2、表3: 　　 　　 　　 当为7度(0．15g)时，建于Ⅲ、Ⅳ类场地的异形柱框架结构，应按提高一个级别采取抗震构造措施，按“表3”中括号内所示的抗震等级形式来具体表达。 　　 4.3 异形柱框架结构的水平位移限值 　　 由于异型柱框架结构的特殊性，《异型柱规程》对异型柱框架结构的弹性层间位移角限值也较《抗震规范》严格，现比较如下： 　　 　　 （表中括号内的数字用于底部抽柱带转换层的结构） 　　5 结束语 　　 异形柱框架结构有着较大的市场需求，广大建筑结构设计人员应积极地去理解及应用《混凝土异形柱技术规程》。只有理解异形柱框架结构的受力破坏机理，选用合理的结构平面布置，正确掌握规范进行计算分析、截面配筋设计和处理好一系列的结构构造，才能保证设计出来的异形柱框架结构安全、可靠。 　　参考文献 　　【1】JGJ149—2006, 《混凝土异形柱技术规程》。 　　【2】GB 50011—2010, 《建筑抗震设计规范》。 　　【3】2007年4月1日, 《混凝土异形柱结构技术规程理解与应用》，严士超。 　　注：文章内所有公式及图表请以PDF形式查看。

May Fourth Square depends on the Qingdao Municipal government office block, south near Fushan bay, total area 10 hectares. May Fourth Square the great May 4th Movement of 1919 blasting fuse acquire fame because of Qingdao for the Chinese modern history in, intend to bring honor to 54 patriotisms to drive the people work hard for the prosperity of the country, to greet the new century the arrival. May Fourth Square minute north and south two parts, distribute in the axle wire the municipal government office block, the implicit eruptive fountain, the lattice eruptive fountain, "May Wind" the sculpture, the marine hundred meters eruptive fountains and so on the rich rhythm unfold gravely, solid, the vigorous upward grand scenery under, serves as contrast in the big area scenic forest is fuller of vitality, fill modern breath. The square main body sculpture "May Wind" the height 30 meters, the diameter 27 meters, use the screw upward steel body structure combination, soars “the wind” take the pure neat modelling element arrangement combination as revolving the modelling, has fully manifested the national strength which the May 4th Movement of 1919 anti-imperialism and antifeudalism patriotism main key and makes widely known soars. May Fourth Square plant disposition take the four seasons Chang Lv cold season lawn as the main tuning, by young Long cypress, gold leaf female loyal, turtle early Chinese ilex, group charts and so on purple Ye Xiaobo, abundant flowered rosa indica, constitution rich modern botanical garden breath big color block colored belt, flowers and trees embellishments and so on among pine and cypress, albizzia julibrissin, Chinese star jasmine, merges into one organic whole organically with the main body sculpture and the sea day natural environment, forms the garden area luxuriantly for the grand scenery. May Fourth Square symbolic sculpture “May wind”, by the screw rise wind modelling and the fiery red color, manifested “the May 4th Movement of 1919” to oppose imperialism fully the national strength which, the antifeudal patriotism main key and made widely known soars.In the opposite sea has may spurt in the height hundred meters water the eruptive fountain, the entire scenic area atmosphere appears tranquilly elegant, comfortable auspicious.Here has become one of new century Qingdao"s symbolic landscapes. 五四广场北依青岛市政府办公大楼，南临浮山湾，总占地面积10公顷。 五四广场因青岛为中国近代史上伟大的五四运动导火索而得名，意在弘扬五四爱国精神激励人们奋发图强，迎接新世纪的到来。 五四广场分南北两部分，分布于中轴线上的市政府办公大楼、隐式喷泉、点阵喷泉、《五月的风》雕塑、海上百米喷泉等富有节奏地展现出庄重、坚实、蓬勃向上的壮丽景色，在大面积风景林的衬托下更加生机勃勃，充满现代气息。 广场主体雕塑《五月的风》高30米，直径27米，采用螺旋向上的钢体结构组合，以单纯洗炼的造型元素排列组合为旋转腾升的“风”之造型，充分体现了五四运动反帝反封建的爱国主义基调和张扬腾升的民族力量。 五四广场植物配置以四季常绿的冷季型草坪为主调，以小龙柏、金叶女贞、龟早冬青、紫叶小檗、丰花月季等组图，构成富有现代园林气息的大色块花带，松柏、合欢、耐冬等花木点缀其中，与主体雕塑和海天自然环境有机地融为一体，形成园区蔚为壮丽的景色。 五四广场标志性雕塑“五月的风”，以螺旋上升的风的造型和火红的色彩，充分体现了“五四运动”反帝、反封建的爱国主义基调和张扬腾升的民族力量。对面海中有可喷高百米的水中喷泉，整个景区的氛围显得宁静典雅、舒适祥和。这里已成为新世纪青岛的标志性景观之一。

　　SPCC原是日本标准（JIS）的“一般用冷轧碳钢薄板及钢带”钢材名称，现在许多国家或企业直接用来表示自己生产的同类钢材（如宝钢Q/BQB402标准就有SPCC）。注意：相近的牌号有SPCD（冲压用冷轧碳钢薄板及带）、SPCE（深冲用冷轧碳钢薄板及带）、SPCCKSPCCCE等（电视机专用钢）、SPCC4DSPCC8D等（硬质钢，用于自行车圈等），分别用于不同场合。 　　日本钢材(JIS系列)的牌号中普通结构钢主要由三部分组成第一部分表示材质，如： S （Steel）表示钢， F（Ferrum）表示铁；第二部分表示不同的形状、种类、用途，如P(Plate) 表示板，T（Tube）表示管,K(Kogu)表示工具；第三部分表示特征数字，一般为最低抗拉强度。 如： SS400——第一个S表示钢(Steel)，第二个S表示“结构”（Structure），400为下限抗拉强度400MPa，整体表示抗拉强度为400MPa的普通结构钢。　　补充：SPCC--表示一般用冷轧碳素钢薄板及钢带，相当于中国Q195-215A牌号。其中第三个字母C为冷Cold的缩写。需保证抗拉试验时，在牌号末尾加T为SPCCT。 　日本钢材（JIS标准系列）的一种钢材牌号，表示冲压用冷轧碳素钢薄板及钢带，相当于中国08AL(13237)优质碳素结构钢。 　　SPCD 命名解释： 　　第一码表示材质，S（Steel）表示钢材。 　　第二码表示形状种类用途，P（Plate）表示板 　　SPCD主要用途： 　　冲压抽制用途，介於SPCC和SPCE之间，不涉及抽制的冲压可以选用SPCC, 深抽的可以用SPCE。 　　介於两者之间的可以用SPCD。

主语是名词性质的，可以是一个词也可以是一个名词性从句。比如I（我），you（你）都是代表人的，就可以做主语；谓语是动词性质的，比如喜欢like;讨厌hate；踢kick等；宾语是名词性质的，比如苹果apple；她she等。还有代词，是代替主语的，比如it 可以代指苹果；名词是不能动弹的物体，或者是可以动弹的动物，反正是物就一般是名词。动词是一个动作，比如抬手，凡是表示一个动态的都是动词。还有形容词，是修饰名词的。副词是修饰动词的。还有不少，你可以看看牛津语法。这个都在语法书上。你有什么句子不会翻译可以跟我说说，我会帮你的。

长期从事土木工程专业的教学和科研工作。为本科生讲授课程：钢筋混凝土基本原理，钢筋混凝土结构设计，砌体结构，工程结构抗震等；为硕士研究生、博士研究生讲授课程：钢筋混凝土理论，钢与混凝土组合结构，地震工程学等。主要从事钢筋混凝土结构、钢与混凝土组合结构(Steel & Concrete Composite Structure)、高层与超高层建筑及复杂工业建筑混合结构体系(Hybrid Structure System)、工程结构抗震、基于性能的抗震分析与设计、抗震结构破坏准则及可靠性分析方法、随机结构的随机地震反应分析、工程灾害诊断与处理等方向的科学研究工作。主持和参与的科研项目“复合箍、螺旋箍、X型钢筋混凝土短柱的抗震设计”、“改善钢筋混凝土短柱抗震性能的配筋方法和抗震设计”、“复合箍钢筋混凝土柱的抗震设计”的研究成果，被国家《混凝土结构设计规范》（GBJ10―89）采用，并纳入《混凝土结构设计手册》（中国建筑工业出版社出版，1995年）一书，被专业设计和施工人员广泛应用。主持和参与的科研项目“大型火力发电厂钢筋混凝土主厂房结构体系研究”、“钢与混凝土组合框架抗震性能”、“火电厂钢筋混凝土结构主厂房框架异型节点抗震性能研究”、“外包钢混凝土节点”、“型钢钢筋混凝土原理与设计”等课题的研究成果，被纳入国家和行业《高层建筑混凝土结构设计规程》（JGJ3―2002）、《型钢混凝土组合结构技术规程》（JGJ138―2001）、《钢骨混凝土结构设计规程》（YB9082―97）。2001-2004年参加国家电力公司重大科技项目（SPKJ003―01） “高参数大容量大电厂设计技术研究―火力发电厂主厂房结构抗震设计技术（T―21/KJ97）”并主持“钢筋混凝土主厂房结构及抗震”大型项目的研究，为解决我国大容量火电厂主厂房的抗震设计、并与国外抗震规范进行国际接轨，进行了大量的试验和研究工作。近几年，主持和参与国家级、省部级、厅局级纵向科研和横向科技服务项目30余项，获省部级科技进步二、三等奖9项，厅局级科技进步奖21项；出版专著、编著和教材7部，发表学术论文70余篇。

铸钢中加入稀土可以提高铸钢的强度、韧性和疲劳强度等性能。本试验通过向30CrMnSi加入稀土Ce，分别运用渗透法，金相观察，电镜扫描和能谱分析研究不同稀土添加量（0.00%，0.03%，0.06%，0.09%，0.12%）对裂纹，金相组织，夹杂物分布和成分的影响。使铸钢轻量化，结构减薄，并达到提高强度，减少铸造过程的缺陷（裂纹，缩孔）等目的。研究表明，稀土添加量为0.06%对铸钢有减少裂纹，细化晶粒，减少并细化夹杂物等作用。In rare earth can improve join cast of cast steel strength, toughness and fatigue strength of performance. This test to 30 CrMnSi joined by rare earth Ce, respectively, using the method of metallographic observation, observed by scanning electron microscope (sem and energy spectrum analysis research different adding amount of rare earth (0.00%, 0.03%, 0.06%, 0.09%, 0.12%) of crack, metallographic organization, inclusion distribution and composition of the influence. Make cast steel lightweight, structure, and to enhance the thinning intensity, reduce casting process of defects (cracks, porosity) and so on purpose. Studies show that adding amount of rare earth 0.06% cast steel is to reduce cracks, refined grain, reduce and refined inclusion role.

Traditional Construction ProceduresAs mentioned before, construction under the traditional construction procedure is performed by contractors. While they would like to satisfy the owner and the building designers, contractors have the main objective of making a profit. Hence, their initial task is to prepare a bid price based on an accurate estimate of construction costs. This requires development of a concept for performance of the work and a construction time schedule. After a contract has been awarded, contractors must furnish and pay for all materials, equipment, power, labor, and supervision required for construction. The owner compensates the contractors for construction costs and services.A general contractor assumes overall responsibility for construction of a building. The contractor engages subcontractors who take responsibility for the work of the various trades required for construction. For example, a plumbing contractor installs the plumbing, an electrical contractor installs the electrical system, and an elevator contractor installs elevators. Their contracts are with the general contractor, and they are paid by the general contractor.Sometimes, in addition to a general contractor, the owner contracts separately with specialty contractors, such as electrical and mechanical contractors, who perform a substantial amount of the work require for a building. Such contractors are called prime contractors. Their work is scheduled and coordinated by the general contractor, but they are paid directly by the owner.Sometimes also, the owner may use the design-build method and award a contract to an organization for both the design and construction of a building. Such organizations are called design-build contractors. One variation of this type of contract is employed by developers of groups of one-family homes or low-rise apartment buildings. The homebuilder designs and constructs the dwellings, but the design is substantially completed before owners purchase the homes.Administration of the construction procedure often is difficult. Consequently, some owners seek assistance from an expert, called a professional construction manager, with extensive construction experience, who receives a fee. The construction manager negotiates with general contractors and helps select one to construct the building. Managers usually also supervise selection of subcontractors. During construction, they help control costs, expedite equipment and material deliveries, and keep the work on schedule. In some cases, instead, the owner may prefer o engage a construction program manager, to assist in administrating both design and construction.Construction contractors employ labor that may or may not be unionized. Unionized craftspeople are members of unions that are organized by construction trades, such as carpenter, plumber, and electrician unions, Union members will perform only the work assigned to their trade.During construction, all work should be inspected. For this purpose, the owner, often through the architect and consultants, engages inspectors. The field inspectors may be placed under the control of an owner"s representative, who may be titled clerk of the works, architect"s superintendent, engineer"s superintendent, or resident engineer. The inspectors have the responsibility of ensuring that construction meets the requirements of the contract documents and is performed under safe conditions. Such inspections may be made at frequent intervals.In addition, inspections also are made by representatives of one or more governmental agencies. They have the responsibility of ensuring that construction meets legal requirements and have little or no concern with detailed conformance with the contract documents. Such legal inspections are made periodically or at the end of certain stages of construction. One agency that will make frequent inspections is the local or state building department, whichever has jurisdiction. The purpose of these inspections is to ensure conformance with the local or state building code.Following is a description of the basic traditional construction procedure for a multistory building.After the award of a construction contract to a general contractor, the owner may ask the contractor to start a portion of the work before signing of the contract by giving the contractor a letter of intent or after signing of the contract by issuing a written notice to proceed. The contractor then obtains construction permits, as required, form governmental agencies, such as the local building, water, sewer, and highway departments.The general contractor plans and schedules construction operations in detail and mobilizes equipment and personnel for the project. Subcontractors are notified of the contract award and issued letters of intent or awarded subcontracts, then are given, at appropriate times, notices to proceed.Before construction starts, the general contractor orders a survey to be made of adjacent structures and terrain, both for the record and to become knowledgeable of local conditions. A survey is then made to lay out construction.Field offices for the contractor are erected on or near the site. If desirable for safety reasons to protect passersby, the required to be removed from the site are demolished and the debris is carted away.Next, the site is prepared to receive the building. This work may involve grading the top surface to bring it to the proper elevations, excavating to required depths for basement and foundations, and shifting of utility piping. For deep excavations, earth sides are braced and the bottom is drained.Major construction starts with the placement of foundations, on which the building rests. This is followed by the erection of load-bearing walls and structural framing. Depending on the height of the building, ladders, stairs, or elevators may be installed to enable construction personnel to travel from floor to floor eventually to the roof. Also, hoists may be installed to lift materials to upper levels. If needed, temporary flooring may be placed for use of personnel.As the building rises, pipes, ducts, and electric conduit and wiring are installed. Then, permanent floors, exterior walls, and windows are constructed. At the appropriate time, permanent elevators are installed. If required, fireproofing is placed for steel framing. Next, fixed partitions are built and the roof and its covering are put is place,Finishing operations follow. There include installation of the following: ceilings; tile; wallboard; wall paneling; plumbing fixtures; heating furnaces; air-conditioning equipment; heating and cooling devices for rooms; escalators; floor coverings; window glass; movable partitions; doors; finishing hardware; electrical equipment and apparatus, including lighting fixtures, switches, transformers, and controls; and other items called for in the drawings and specifications. Field offices, fences, bridges, and other temporary construction must be removed from the site. Utilities, such as gas, electricity, and water, are hooked up to the building. The sit is landscaped and paved. Finally, the building interior is painted and cleaned.The owner"s representatives then give the building a final inspection. If they find that the structure conforms with the contract documents, the owner accepts the project and gives the general contractor final payment on issuance by the building department of a certificate of occupancy, which indicates that the completed building meets building-code requirements.传统的施工程序众所周知，在传统的施工程序中进行施工的承包商。尽管他们想满足业主和建筑设计师的要求，但是最终还是以赚取利润为主要目标的。因此，他们最初的任务是对编写投标价格的建筑成本进行准确的估计。这就需要进行前期调查的工作并且做出施工时间表。等合约批出后，施工方必须提供所有材料并支付其费用，设备，电力，劳动力。业主此时需要进行必要的监督。一个总承包商承担一个建筑整体的责任。从事分包的承建商则需承担建造工程所需的各个工作。例如，管道承包商安装水管，电业承办商安装电气系统，电梯则由电梯承包商安装。他们与总承包商签订合同，费用由总承包商支付。有时候，除了一个总承包商，还有各种专业承包商，如电气和机械承包商，执行工作时需要与业主签订合同。这种承包商被称为间接承包商。他们的工作，由总承包商协调，但它们都是由业主直接联系。还有些时候，业主可以使用设计建造方法同时兼有设计和建筑施工单位的职能。这些单位被称为设计建造承包商。这方面的一个类型的合同聘用的变化是由一户住宅或低层住宅建筑群的开发。在房屋建筑设计和建造的住房，但设计之前需要由购买房屋的业主完成。施工过程管理往往是困难的。因此，一些业主会去寻求专家的协助，这些专家被称为专业施工经理，他们具有丰富的施工经验。施工经理与总承包商进行谈判，并选择其中一个项目。施工经理通常还监督分包商。在施工期间，它们有助于控制成本，加快运送设备和材料，并保持工作的进度。在依法行政，协助设计和建设的情况下，业主可以选择从事建筑项目经理。建筑承包商雇用的劳动力，一般有大工和小工。大工再建筑工程中从事技术活，如木工，管道工，工会成员和电工工会，小工则执行了分配给他们的工作。在施工期间，一切工作都要验收。因此，业主通过建筑师和监理经常进行督查。可能是名为工程员，建筑师或驻地工程师。作为业主的代表实地视察。核查人员必须确保工程符合合同文件的要求，并在安全的条件下进行的责任。这种检查可作出重复。此外，验收还是需要一个或多个政府机构的代表。他们必须确保工程符合法律要求，并负责检查与合同文件是否一致。这种视察一般定期或在某些阶段施工结束以后进行。地方或国家建设部门具有管辖权。这些检查的目的是确保符合当地或国家的建筑规范。以下是传统多层建筑施工的基本程序。建造开始后合同授予开发商，业主可要求开发商开始施工之前签约给或之后签约发出书面通知的同时另一部分工作继续进行。紧接着施工方根据需要获取建筑许可证，例如当地的建设，供水，污水处理，政府机构和公路部门。总承包商的计划和进度详细施工作业以及动员项目设备和人员。分包商得到通知后，做出签订合同的意向或授予分包合同书，然后给出在适当的时候进行通知。在施工前启动，总承包商要进行的一项调查就是邻近结构和地形，这些都要记录在案，并要熟悉当地情况。这项调查结束以后，随即进行布局建设。承建商的现场办事处都建在施工现场或附近。为了安全起见，必须从脚手架上移除的东西，产生的碎片都要运走。下一步，该网架是为建设工程准备的。这项工作为地下室开挖和基础开挖的深度，以及公用事业管道转移找到正确的标高。深挖掘，土方支撑，底部排出。建筑开始于基础上，然后是承重墙和结构框架的施工。梯子，楼梯，或电梯的安装，可让施工人员往返于各个楼层。此外，可安装卷扬机来运送材料。由于建筑高度的上升，管道，电力管道和线路安装以及永久地板，外墙，窗户和构造的影响。在适当的时候，永久的电梯安装。再需要的情况下可以安装防火卷帘。其次，屋顶等地方也需要安装。精加工工序安装有包括以下内容：天花板，瓷砖，墙板，墙壁镶板，水管装置，加热炉，空气调节设备，加热和冷却室装置;自动扶梯;地板，窗户玻璃;活动板，门;电气设备和仪器，包括照明灯具，开关，变压器，控制器，遵照项目的图纸和规格。外地办事处，围栏，桥梁和其他临时建筑，公共设备，如天然气，电力管道，水管，都连接到建筑上。最后，是建筑物内部的打扫和清洗。业主的代表，会给建设工程作最后检查。如果他们满意并认为符合合同文件，那么业主接受该项目，并交给总承包商的一个占用证书，这表明，总承包商已完成建设，建设部门再根据建筑规范的要求发放最后付款。

1. Our teacher John didn"t think he has given example will follow the entrance exam relevant. 2. My mother, the most important thing in my life, have long believed that I will one day will be a success. Structure: a noun + the restrictive attributive clause + reason adverbial clause 1. The gift is a car, I refuse to accept because it is too expensive, and, I didn"t need to drive to the school. 2.2008 the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games is a great success, it makes the world was shocked, because it the ably the history of China and the dreams of the future achievements together shown to the world. Structure: There is no doubt that way at that time + + + attributive clause 1. There is no doubt that I spent in his hometown of childhood, to my bicycle effect is very big, when the time of my hometown is the river in a small city. 2. There is no doubt that this picture painted of tang dynasty, it was invaluable for a famous painting by. Structure: the preposition + whet object clauses +-+ / but... + to this... 1. I to you do today but I used to think was satisfied with you is a lazy boy. 2. I happen to where things are very regret, I used to think that it is not possible. Structure: the attributive clause + passive 1. Only those who are all got good grades talents can be key university. 2. Only those who reach the standard nations can apply for the Olympic Games. Structure: emphasis on words" + together 1. Only the more training you can improve your listening, speaking, reading, and writing ability 2. Only to science and technology development, education and health just may improve. Structure: first... + then... +"s... 1. After graduation, his first do a worker, do then a store manager later made a factory boss. 2. From then on, he first to a depot, and then in a steel factory work in any engineer, when the time is one of the major steel mills, and later to a production computer company President. Structure: as as demand 1. Through the Internet, people can get knowledge and fun. 2. With the rapid economic development, more and more parents can afford training course, to their children can get some skill also can enrich their lives.

酒店面试英语自我介绍（通用8篇） 　　当来到一个新环境中，需要我们进行自我介绍，用自我介绍往往可以向他人介绍自己。写自我介绍可不能随随便便哦，以下是我整理的酒店面试英语自我介绍，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。 　　酒店面试英语自我介绍 篇1 　　Good morningafternoon everyone! it is my honor to be here and i really appreciate you offer me the chance of interview .now i will introduce myself first .my name is……from xiangfan in hubei province. 　　Im an honest, reonsible, and warm-hearted person. i can adapt different environments quickly .second i like this kind of field very much and i take it as my career .till now i have one year experience in this field. 　　As a 2 years man, id like to experience more to enrich myself and then it can help me to laid good foundation for my future career .there is no use doing what we love ,we must love we do just like the field. at the same time, i am really proud of myself applying for this job. 　　I hope you can give me a chance and i will try my best to do it better. finally , i hope your hotel can become the best one among hotel industry. 　　Thanks for your time. 　　酒店面试英语自我介绍 篇2 　　Good morning, ladies and gentlemen! It is really my honor to have this opportunity for an interview. I hope I can make a good performance today. Im confident that I can succeed. Now I will introduce myself briefly. I am 26 years old. I was graduated from Shenyang University, majoring in hotel management. 　　After graduation, I began working in a 3-star hotel as a Room Attendant. After one year"s hard-work, I had the chance to work in Inter Continental Shenyang Hotel as a bellboy. This is a five-star hotel located in the center downtown of Shenyang, with 24 floors and 297 luxury suits, this hotel is highly influential in Shenyang with high occupancy rate. During this 2-year working experience in this hotel, I have gained a lot. But I want to change my working environment, Id like to find a job which is more challenging. So I come here to compete for this position. 　　I think Im a good team player and a person of great honesty to others. Also,I am able to work under great pressure. I am confident that I am qualified for the poition in your company. 　　That"s all. Thank you for giving me the chance 　　酒店面试英语自我介绍 篇3 　　Good morning, ladies and gentlemen! It is really my honor to have this opportunity for an interview. I hope I can make a good performance today. Im confident that I can succeed. Now I will introduce myself briefly. I am 29 years old, born in Hunan province. I graduated from Hunan University. My major is Accounting. And I got my bachelor degree after my graduation in the year of 2002. I spent most of my time on study, and I"ve passed CET-6 during my university. 　　I performed various office and accounting tasks such as payroll, Accounts Payable, and Accounts Receivable. I having achieved many goals in my career of corporate accounting and financial services, I am interested in expanding my professional horizons by seeking new challenges in the area of accounting. I have 4 years of successful financial management experience. I am interested in a positioin with your firm. I am able to work under great pressure. I believe my education and work experiences have given me the opportunity to develop the qualifications you are seeking. 　　Thank you for your time and consideration. 　　酒店面试英语自我介绍 篇4 　　The university four years, I developed various aspects ability, can say, after 4 years of college study, I have already had the ability to adapt to social work. This semester will be ended, graduated is. Looking back, at least you can confidently say "I didn"t waste". It is necessary for these four years do a self assesent. 　　In thinking, I ask the progress, has been to ready to help others, to participate in youth volunteer activities many times. Respect teachers, unite ctes, for their study and life to create a good environment. 　　On study, I worked hard, hard, strive for the good time to learn the university. University for four years, not only I learned many knowledge, also has taught me the way of learning. Use this method, in the world outside of school courses, I also studied the network database, web design, graphic design, such as knowledge, enrich his own life, well and lay a good foundation for their own future. So far, I have mastered the professional knowledge and the basis of basic knowledge about the network. In addition, interest in computer and let me have a certain knowledge of computer, and have certain ability of programming. 　　In life, I live a simple, has a broad interests. More practice constantly enrich and perfect myself. 　　Future work is a test to my knowledge, is also a challenge to my life. I will constantly improve themselves in the work, improve themselves, to adapt to the needs of the work. So I hope to find a job related to their own knowledge structure, such as network publishing, multimedia production, prepress processing, can have more space to prove itself, developing its own! 　　酒店面试英语自我介绍 篇5 　　Hello, teacher! My name is xxx. My English name is Peter. I"m 11 years old now. I"m from Class 1 Grade 5 of Third Avenue Primary Steel. I have many hobbies, such as reading, playing computer games, watching TV, riding bikes doing crafts. And I like English very much. I"m a very naughty boy. As you can see, I"m fat. I"m trying to lose weight. But I think I can"t. My motto is Books are the ladder of human progress. I"m done, thanks everyone. Hello ,teachers ,Nice to see you here .My name is xxx. I am11 years old. I am from xxx Primary School. I am in Class1 ,Grade5.There are 4 people in my family-my father , my mother my sister and I . My father is a teacher and my mother is a housewife. My sister is in a high school. They love me and I love them,too. My favorite colour is blue. My best friend is xxx.He`s not tall but very strong .We`re not in the same class.But we like English very much. My favourite food is eggplant. It`s tasty and yummy. I often do my homework and read books after school. I want to be a teacher in the future. I hope my dream will come true.That"s all. Thank you! 　　酒店面试英语自我介绍 篇6 　　I"m glad to introduce myself to you. My Chinese name is Ma Lin, but you can call me Rock, my English name. I chose Rock to be my English name because I want to be as tough as a rock, hehe. I was born and raised in Guangdong, so I speak both Cantonese and Mandarin. 　　I"ll soon graduate from Zhongshan University, majoring in accounting. I think you may have interviewed quite a lot of students from our school, so you know this major prepares us for CGA and most courses are taught in English. My GPA is 3.6, it ranks number 9 in the 115 students in my grade. And I"ve passed 15 exams in CGA, I anticipate I will get the CGA qualification in 20xx. 　　Besides having good academic performance, I was actively involved in student activities. I was in charge of Student Welfare (生活委员) in my class, and in the Student union of our school. I enjoyed this position because what I did was very important to everybody, although it was mostly all details. 　　I had a three-month internship in Guangdong Zhengzhong Accounting Firm. I did the inventory check and helped the accountants to make the auditing reports. My boss was pleased with my performance and he asked me to recommend my cte to join our team. 　　KPMG is my dream company. What"s more, I have great interest in joining the Tax Department as my long term career goal is to be a tax consultant. I wish my dream could come true today. Thank you! 　　酒店面试英语自我介绍 篇7 　　Good morning , ladies and gentlemen 　　It is my great honor to have this opportunity to introduce myself. and I hope I could make a good performance today, eventually become a member of your school. Now let me introduce myself please. I"m a graduate student from UNIVERSITY . My name is ,years old. , born in . GuangDong province . My major is English, and I will graduate this June. 　　In the past 3 years,I spent most of my time on English studying and practise. I have a good command of both spoken and written English and past CET-4 with a ease. Skilled in use of Office 20xx, excel. My graduate school training combined with my cadet teacher should qualify me for this particular job. 　　Although perhaps I"m not the best among the candidates, but with my strong knowledge background and full enthusia for education, I am sure I will satisfy you well. 　　As a college student, I concentrated on studying modern teaching technology. I have acquired enough essential and fundamental knowledge of English teaching in the past three years. Since September 20xx, with great interest, I have been doing student cadre for almost each semester and formed good team-work spirits. It also kindly provided me crucial guidance to yze interpersonal relationship. My teachers and ctes describe me as a reliable and considerate person. Other than my major study, I have master a great skills in computer operation. 　　酒店面试英语自我介绍 篇8 　　"When I left college, I e front of house skills. 　　Working for a chain of hotels opened up opportunities and I oted to Front of House Manager after another year. I then moved to a more prestigioushotel ers on menu and ers and organising table reservations. 　　After another 2 years I accepted a position as Deputy Manager of a privately oer care and personal service s, 3 self catering cottages, conference and event facilities for up to 85 guests and a Farmhouse Restaurant &Bar for up to 55 guests. 　　I have been fully accountable for the business performance of restaurants er service, in fact I e category of the Welcome to Yorkshire Tourism Awards." ;

伦敦眼是英国的一个标志建筑之一，这个巨型摩天轮架设在伦敦，曾一度成为世界上最大的摩天轮后来被超越了。至于重量。。。真不知道。。。。。ps:有这么问的么？。。游0乐0设0备0事0务0所

SPCC——第一个S表示钢(Steel)，第二个P表示板（Plate），第三个C表示冷（Cold），第四个C表示商业（Commercial），整体表示一般用冷轧碳素钢薄板及钢带，相当于中国Q195-215A牌号。其中需保证抗拉试验时，在牌号末尾加T为SPCCT。SS400——第一个S表示钢(Steel)，第二个S表示结构（Structure），400为下限抗拉强度400MPa，整体表示抗拉强度为400 MPa的普通结构钢。相当于中国的Q235A 日本钢材（JIS系列）的牌号中普通结构钢主要由三部分组成：第一部分（表示材质：S〈Steel〉钢、F〈Ferrum〉铁）+第二部分（表示形状、种类、用途：P〈Plate〉表示板，T〈Tube〉表示管，K〈Kogu〉表示工具、S〈Structure〉表示结构、C 〈casting〉铸造、US表示不生锈）+第三部分（表示特征数字，一般为最低抗拉强度）1）SS400——第一个S表示钢(Steel)，第二个S表示结构（Structure），400为下限抗拉强度400MPa，整体表示抗拉强度为400 MPa的普通结构钢。2）SPHC——第一个S表示钢(Steel)，第二个P表示板（Plate），第三个H表示热（Heat），第四个C表示商业（Commercial），整体表示一般用热轧钢板及钢带。3）SPHD——第一个S表示钢(Steel)，第二个P表示板（Plate），第三个H表示热（Heat），第四个D表示表示冲压（Drawing），整体表示冲压用热轧钢板及钢带。4）SPHE——第一个S表示钢(Steel)，第二个P表示板（Plate），第三个H表示热（Heat），第四个E表示深冲压，整体表示深冲用热轧钢板及钢带。5）SPCC——第一个S表示钢(Steel)，第二个P表示板（Plate），第三个C表示冷（Cold），第四个C表示商业（Commercial），整体表示一般用冷轧碳素钢薄板及钢带，相当于中国Q195-215A牌号。其中需保证抗拉试验时，在牌号末尾加T为SPCCT。6）SPCD——第一个S表示钢(Steel)，第二个P表示板（Plate），第三个C表示冷（Cold），第四个D表示表示冲压（Drawing），整体表示冲压用冷轧碳素钢薄板及钢带，相当于中国08AL（13237）优质碳素结构钢。7）SPCE——第一个S表示钢(Steel)，第二个P表示板（Plate），第三个C表示冷（Cold），第四个E表示深冲压，整体表示深冲用冷轧碳素钢薄板及钢带，相当于中国08AL（5213）深冲钢。需保证非时效性时，在牌号末尾加N为SPCEN。

试样拉伸时，在拉断前所承受的最大负荷除以原横截面积所得的应力，称作抗拉强度，用σb表示。当材料所受的外应力大于其抗拉 强度时，将会发生断裂。因此σb越高，则表示它能承受愈大的外应力而不致于断裂。 SPCC--表示一般用冷轧碳素钢薄板及钢带，相当于中国Q195-215A牌号。国外标准的结构钢常按抗拉强度来分类，如SS400，其中400即表示σb的最小值为400MPa超高强度钢是指σb≥1373 Mpa的钢。

试样拉伸时，在拉断前所承受的最大负荷除以原横截面积所得的应力，称作抗拉强度，用σb表示。当材料所受的外应力大于其抗拉 强度时，将会发生断裂。因此σb越高，则表示它能承受愈大的外应力而不致于断裂。　　国外标准的结构钢常按抗拉强度来分类，如SS400(日本是这样标示的)，其中400即表示σb的最小值为400MPa超高强度钢是指σb≥1373 Mpa的钢。　　SS400基本上等同与我国的Q235(相当于Q235A用).但在具体指标上有所差异,Q235的对C、Si、Mn、S、P等元素的含量均作了要求，但SS400只要求S、P小于0.050。Q235的屈服点大于235 MPa，而SS400屈服点为245MPa。SS400（steel for general structure）的意思就是抗拉强度大于400MPa的一般结构用钢。Q235的意思为屈服点大于235MPa的普通碳素结构钢。SS400的标准号为JIS G3101－1995。Q235的标准号为GB／T700－1988。

60CrMnBA属于国标弹簧钢，执行标准：GB/T 1222-200760CrMnBA弹簧钢较高强度、塑性和韧性，淬透性较好，过热敏感性比锰钢低、比硅锰钢高，脱碳倾向比硅锰钢小，回火脆性大。故应选择合适的回火温度和冷却速度；一般在淬火并中温回火状态下使用60CrMnBA用于车辆、拖拉机工业上制作负荷较重、应力较大的板簧和直径较大的螺旋弹簧。60CRMnBA化学成分如下图：

00

瑞典货sicroman较方便。刮刀规格多样

)CATP4;QD(A01、CA10、2Q、9、Q25-9335BQCQPPQ(E-9、5C--F)DC12B1A5；AAF62S1SS5S5-53

QCM8据我所知是日本山阳的材料，属于耐磨性很好的，应该耐磨性要高于大同的DC53。刚才跟日本客户确认过，SPH40 是日本大同的材料，可以使用NAK55或者NAK80替代。

pl是plate的缩写，也就是钢板的意思。7.5应该是是指厚度7.5毫米。8t一般是指8 ton也就是8吨

简单英语（Basic English），从常规英语单词和语法中选取一个子集，用来教非英语人士学习英语，并简化学习难度。 简单英语是一种受控语言（Controlled language），也叫受控的自然语言（Controlled Nature Language）。受控语言是人造语言，将人类语言进行简化以减少复杂和歧义，简化一般是对语法进行限制、压缩词汇量、减少多义词含义。 简单英语由查尔斯·凯·奥格登（Charles Kay Ogden）创造，大约起源于1930年。在他於1930年所出版的《基本英语--规则和语法的一般约定》一书中有详细的介绍。 简单英语的诞生有着文化传播的因素（教学、学习容易）。类似的，为了方便汉字学习，我们也推行过 汉字简化 方案。 come, get, give, go, keep, let, make, put, seem, take, be, do, have, say, see, send, may, will, about, across, after, against, among, at, before, between, by, down, from, in, off, on, over, through, to, under, up, with, as, for, of, till, than, a , the, all, any, every, little, much, no, other, some, such, that, this, I , he, you, who, and, because, but, or, if, though, while, how, when, where, why, again, ever, far, forward, here, near, now, out, still, then, there, together, well, almost, enough, even, not, only, quite, so, very, tomorrow, yesterday, north, south, east, west, please, yes . account, act, addition, adjustment, advertisement, agreement, air, amount, amusement, animal, answer, apparatus, approval, argument, art, attack, attempt, attention, attraction, authority, back, balance, base, behavior, belief, birth, bit, bite, blood, blow, body, brass, bread, breath, brother, building, burn, burst, business, butter, canvas, care, cause, chalk, chance, change, cloth, coal, color, comfort, committee, company, comparison, competition, condition, connection, control, cook, copper, copy, cork, cotton, cough, country, cover, crack, credit, crime, crush, cry, current, curve, damage, danger, daughter, day, death, debt, decision, degree, design, desire, destruction, detail, development, digestion, direction, discovery, discussion, disease, disgust, distance, distribution, division, doubt, drink, driving, dust, earth, edge, education, effect, end, error, event, example, exchange, existence, expansion, experience, expert, fact, fall, family, father, fear, feeling, fiction, field, fight, fire, flame, flight, flower, fold, food, force, form, friend, front, fruit, glass, gold, government, grain, grass, grip, group, growth, guide, harbor, harmony, hate, hearing, heat, help, history, hole, hope, hour, humor, ice, idea, impulse, increase, industry, ink, insect, instrument, insurance, interest, invention, iron, jelly, join, journey, judge, jump, kick, kiss, knowledge, land, language, laugh, law, lead, learning, leather, letter, level, lift, light, limit, linen, liquid, list, look, loss, love, machine, man, manager, mark, market, mass, meal, measure, meat, meeting, memory, metal, middle, milk, mind, mine, minute, mist, money, month, morning ,mother, motion, mountain, move, music, name, nation, need, news, night, noise, note, number, observation, offer, oil, operation, opinion, order, organization, ornament, owner, page, pain, paint, paper, part, paste, payment, peace, person, place, plant, play, pleasure, point, poison, polish, porter, position, powder, power, price, print, process, produce, profit, property, prose, protest, pull, punishment, purpose, push, quality, question, rain, range, rate, ray, reaction, reading, reason, record, regret, relation, religion, representative, request, respect, rest, reward, rhythm, rice, river, road, roll, room, rub, rule, run, salt, sand, scale, science, sea, seat, secretary, selection, self, sense, servant, sex, shade, shake, shame, shock, side, sign, silk, silver, sister, size, sky, sleep, slip, slope, smash, smell, smile, smoke, sneeze, snow, soap, society, son, song, sort, sound, soup, space, stage, start, statement, steam, steel, step, stitch, stone, stop, story, stretch, structure, substance, sugar, suggestion, summer, support, surprise, swim, system, talk, taste, tax, teaching, tendency, test, theory, thing, thought, thunder, time, tin, top, touch, trade, transport, trick, trouble, turn, twist, unit, use, value, verse, vessel, view, voice, walk, war, wash, waste, water, wave, wax, way, weather, week, weight, wind, wine, winter, woman, wood, wool, word, work, wound, writing , year . angle, ant, apple, arch, arm, army, baby, bag, ball, band, basin, basket, bath, bed, bee, bell, berry, bird, blade, board, boat, bone, book, boot, bottle, box, boy, brain, brake, branch, brick, bridge, brush, bucket, bulb, button, cake, camera, card, cart, carriage, cat, chain, cheese, chest, chin, church, circle, clock, cloud, coat, collar, comb, cord, cow, cup, curtain, cushion, dog, door, drain, drawer, dress, drop, ear, egg, engine, eye, face, farm, feather, finger, fish, flag, floor, fly, foot, fork, fowl, frame, garden, girl, glove, goat, gun, hair, hammer, hand, hat, head, heart, hook, horn, horse, hospital, house, island, jewel, kettle, key, knee, knife, knot, leaf, leg, library, line, lip, lock, map, match, monkey, moon, mouth, muscle, nail, neck, needle, nerve, net, nose, nut, office, orange, oven, parcel, pen, pencil, picture, pig, pin, pipe, plane, plate, plough/plow, pocket, pot, potato, prison, pump, rail, rat, receipt, ring, rod, roof, root, sail, school, scissors, screw, seed, sheep, shelf, ship, shirt, shoe, skin, skirt, snake, sock, spade, sponge, spoon, spring, square, stamp, star, station, stem, stick, stocking, stomach, store, street, sun, table, tail, thread, throat, thumb, ticket, toe, tongue, tooth, town, train, tray, tree, trousers, umbrella, wall, watch, wheel, whip, whistle, window, wing, wire, worm . able, acid, angry, automatic, beautiful, black, boiling, bright, broken, brown, cheap, chemical, chief, clean, clear, common, complex, conscious, cut, deep, dependent, early, elastic, electric, equal, fat, fertile, first, fixed, flat, free, frequent, full, general, good, great, grey/gray, hanging, happy, hard, healthy, high, hollow, important, kind, like, living, long, male, married, material, medical, military, natural, necessary, new, normal, open, parallel, past, physical, political, poor, possible, present, private, probable, quick, quiet, ready, red, regular, responsible, right, round, same, second, separate, serious, sharp, smooth, sticky, stiff, straight, strong, sudden, sweet, tall, thick, tight, tired, true, violent, waiting, warm, wet, wide, wise, yellow, young . awake, bad, bent, bitter, blue, certain, cold, complete, cruel, dark, dead, dear, delicate, different, dirty, dry, false, feeble, female, foolish, future, green, ill, last, late, left, loose, loud, low, mixed, narrow, old, opposite, public, rough, sad, safe, secret, short, shut, simple, slow, small, soft, solid, special, strange, thin, white, wrong .