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What are the contents of the Magna Carta?

2023-07-12 11:52:45
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Magna Carta, also called Magna Carta Libertatum (the Great Charter of Freedoms), is an English legal charter, originally issued in the year 1215. It was written in Latin; its name is usually translated into English as Great Charter.

Magna Carta required King John of England to proclaim certain rights (pertaining to nobles and barons), respect certain legal procedures, and accept that his will could be bound by the law. It explicitly protected certain rights of the King"s subjects, whether free or fettered — and implicitly supported what became the writ of habeas corpus, allowing appeal against unlawful imprisonment.

Magna Carta was arguably the most significant early influence on the extensive historical process that led to the rule of constitutional law today in the English speaking world. Magna Carta influenced the development of the common law and many constitutional documents, including the United States Constitution.[1] Many clauses were renewed throughout the Middle Ages, and continued to be renewed as late as the 18th century. By the second half of the 19th century, however, most clauses in their original form had been repealed from English law.

Magna Carta was the first document forced onto an English King by a group of his subjects (the barons) in an attempt to limit his powers by law and protect their privileges. It was preceded by the 1100 Charter of Liberties in which King Henry I voluntarily stated what his own powers were under the law.

In practice, Magna Carta in the medieval period mostly did not limit the power of Kings; but by the time of the English Civil War it had become an important symbol for those who wished to show that the King was bound by the law.

Magna Carta is normally understood to refer to a single document, that of 1215. Various amended versions of Magna Carta appeared in subsequent years however, and it is the 1297 version which remains on the statute books of England and Wales.

Content

Magna Carta was originally written in Latin. A large part of Magna Carta was copied, nearly word for word, from the Charter of Liberties of Henry I, issued when Henry I ascended to the throne in 1100, which bound the king to certain laws regarding the treatment of church officials and nobles, effectively granting certain civil liberties to the church and the English nobility.

The document commonly known as Magna Carta today is not the 1215 charter but a later charter of 1225, and is usually shown in the form of The Charter of 1297 when it was confirmed by Edward I. At the time of the 1215 charter, many of the provisions were not meant to make long term changes but simply to right the immediate wrongs, and therefore The Charter was reissued three times in the reign of Henry III (1216, 1217 and 1225) in order to provide for an updated version. After this, each individual king for the next two hundred years (until Henry V in 1416) personally confirmed the 1225 charter in his own charter.

[edit] Rights still in force today

For modern times, the most enduring legacy of Magna Carta is considered the right of habeas corpus. This right arises from what are now known as clauses 36, 38, 39, and 40 of the 1215 Magna Carta.

As the most recent version, it is the 1297 Charter which remains in legal force in England and Wales. Using the clauses in the 1297 charter (the content and numbering are somewhat different from the 1215 Charter): Clause 1 guarantees the freedom of the English Church. Although this originally meant freedom from the King, later in history it was used for different purposes (see below). Clause 9 guarantees the “ancient liberties” of the City of London. Clause 29 guarantees a right to due process.

I. FIRST, We have granted to God, and by this our present Charter have confirmed, for Us and our Heirs for ever, that the Church of England shall be free, and shall have all her whole Rights and Liberties inviolable. We have granted also, and given to all the Freemen of our Realm, for Us and our Heirs for ever, these Liberties under-written, to have and to hold to them and their Heirs, of Us and our Heirs for ever.

IX. THE City of London shall have all the old Liberties and Customs which it hath been used to have. Moreover We will and grant, that all other Cities, Boroughs, Towns, and the Barons of the Five Ports, and all other Ports, shall have all their Liberties and free Customs.

XXIX. NO Freeman shall be taken or imprisoned, or be disseised of his Freehold, or Liberties, or free Customs, or be outlawed, or exiled, or any other wise destroyed; nor will We not pass upon him, nor condemn him, but by lawful judgment of his Peers, or by the Law of the Land. We will sell to no man, we will not deny or defer to any man either Justice or Right.[4]

The repeal of clause 26 in 1829 [5] was the first time a clause of Magna Carta was repealed. With the document"s perceived protected status broken, in 150 years nearly the whole charter was repealed, leaving just Clauses 1, 9, and 29 still in force after 1969. Most of it was repealed in England and Wales by the Statute Law Revision Act 1863, and in Ireland by the Statute Law (Ireland) Revision Act 1872.

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2023-07-11 21:37:521

英国1215年《自由大宪章》magna carta的具体内容谁能提供?谢谢!

:《自由大宪章》全文 受命于天的英格兰国王兼领爱尔兰宗主,诺曼底与阿奎丹公爵、安茹伯爵约翰,谨向大主教,主教,住持,伯爵,男爵,法官,森林官,执行吏,典狱官,差人,及其管家吏与忠顺的人民致候。 由于可敬的神父们,坎特伯里大主教,英格兰大教长兼圣罗马教会红衣主教斯提芬;杜伯林大主教亨利……暨培姆布卢克大司仪伯爵威廉;索斯伯利伯爵威廉……等贵族,及其他忠顺臣民谏议,使余等知道,为了余等自身以及余等之先人与后代灵魂的安全,同时也为了圣教会的昌盛和王国的兴隆,上帝的意旨使余等承认下列诸端,并昭告全国: (1)首先,余燃坝嗟戎笏眉峋鲇π砩系郏荼鞠苷拢⒐袒岬毕碛凶杂桑淙ɡ皇芨扇牛渥杂山皇芮址浮9赜谟⒏窭冀袒崴游钪匾胱畋匦柚杂裳【伲谟嗟扔胫钅芯舴⑸荒乐霸远鼗虬凑占阂庥锰匦碜此浯驼撸本嗟惹氲媒掏跤⑴瞪浪庹摺嗟燃坝嗟戎来铀锏庇酪陨埔庾袷亍4送猓嗟燃坝嗟戎铀锖蟠币嘁韵旅娓搅兄飨钭杂筛栌嗟韧豕谝磺凶杂扇嗣瘢⒃市硌闲凶袷兀朗肝鹩濉?(2)任何伯爵或男爵,或因军役而自余等直接领有采地之人身故时,如有已达成年之继承者,于按照旧时数额缴纳承继税后,即可享有其遗产。计伯爵继承人于缴纳一百镑后,即可享受伯爵全部遗产;男爵继承人于缴纳一百镑后,即可享受男爵全部遗产;武士继承人于最多缴纳一百先令后,即可享受全部武士封地。其他均应按照采地旧有习惯,应少交者须少交。 (3)上述诸人之继承人如未达成年,须受监护者,应于成年后以其遗产交付之,不得收取任何继承税或产业转移税。 (4)凡经管前款所述未达成年之继承人之土地者,除自该项土地上收取适当数量之产品,及按照习惯应行征取之赋税与力役外,不得多有需索以免耗费人力与物力。如余等以该项土地之监护权委托执行吏或其他人等,俾对其收益向余等负责,而其人使所保管之财产遭受浪费与损毁时,余等将处此人以罚金,并将该项土地转交该采地中合法与端正之人士二人,俾对该项收益能向余等或余等所指定之人负责。如余等将该项土地之监护权赐予或售予任何人,而其人使土地遭受浪费与损毁时,即须丧失监护权,并将此项土地交由该采地中之合法与端正人士二人,按照前述条件向余等负责。 (5)此外,监护人在经管土地期间,应自该项土地之收益中拨出专款为房屋、园地、鱼塘、池沼、磨坊及其他附属物修缮费用,俾能井井有条。继承人达成年时,即应按照耕耘时之需要,就该项土地收益所许可之范围内置备犁、锄、与其他农具,附于其全部土地内归还之。 (6)继承人得在不贬抑其身分之条件下结婚,但在订婚前应向其宅人之卑属亲族通告。 (7)寡妇于其夫身故后,应不受任何留难而立即获得其嫁资与遗产。寡妇之嫁奁,嫁资,及其应得之遗产与其夫逝世前为二人共同保有之物品,俱不付任何代价。[自愿改醮]之寡妇得于其夫身故后,居留夫宅四十日,在此期间其嫁奁应交还之。 (8)寡妇之自愿孀居者,不得强迫其改醮,但寡妇本人,如执有余等之土地时,应提供保证,未得余等同意前不改醮。执有其他领主之土地者,亦应获得其他领主同意。 (9)凡债务人之动产足以抵偿其债务时,无论余等或余等之执行吏,均不得强取收入以抵偿债务。如负债人之财产足以抵偿其债务,即不得使该项债务之担保人受扣押动产之处分。但如债务人不能偿还债务,或无力偿还债务时,担保人应即负责清偿。担保人如愿意时,可扣押债务人之土地与收入,甚至后者偿还其前所代偿之债务时为止。惟该债务人能证明其所清偿已超过保人担保之额著,不在此限。 (10)任何向犹太人借债者,不论其数额多少,如在未清偿前身故,此项债款在负责清偿之继承人未达成年之前不得负有利息,如此项债务落入余等之手,则余等除契据上载明之动产以外,不得收取任何其他物品。 (11)欠付犹太人债务者亡故时,其妻仍应获得其嫁资,不负偿债之责。亡故者如有未成年之子女时,应按亡者遗产之性质,留备彼等之教养费,剩余数额,除扣还领主应得之报效外,始可作为清偿债务之用。关于犹太人以外之债务,同样依此规定处理。 (12)除下列三项税金外,设无全国公意许可,将不征收任何免役税与贡金。即(一)赎回余等身体时之赎金[指被俘时]。(二)策封余等之长子为武士时之费用。(三)余等之长女出嫁时之费用——但以一次为限。且为此三项目的征收之贡金亦务求适当。关于伦敦城之贡金,按同样规定办理。 (13)伦敦城,无论水上或陆上,俱应享有其旧有之自由与自由习惯。其他城市、州、市镇,港口,余等亦承认或赐予彼等以保有自由与自由习惯之权。 (14)凡在上述征收范围之外,余等如欲征收贡金与免役税,应用加盖印信之诏书致送各大主教,主教,住持,伯爵与男爵指明时间与地点召集会议,以期获得全国公意。此项诏书之送达,至少应在开会以前四十日,此外,余等仍应通过执行吏与管家吏普遍召集凡直接领有余等之土地者。召集之缘由应于诏书内载明。召集之后,前项事件应在指定日期依出席者之公意进行,不以缺席人数阻延之。 (15)自此以往,除为赎还其本人之身体,策封其长子为武士,与一度出嫁其长女以外。余等不得准许任何人向其自由人征取贡金。而为上述目的所征收之贡金数额亦务求合乎情理。 (16)不得强迫执有武士采地,或其他自由保有地之人,服额外之役。 (17)一般诉讼应在一定地方审问,无需追随国王法庭请求处理。 (18)凡关于强占土地,收回遗产及最后控诉等案件,应不在该案件所发生之州以外地区审理。其方法如下:由余等自己,或余等不在国内时,由余等之爱猫扑.爱生活官二人,每年四次分赴各州郡,会同该州郡所推选之武士四人,在指定之日期,于该州郡法庭所在地审理之。 (19)州郡法庭开庭之日,如上述案件未能审理,则应就当日出庭之武士与自由佃农中酌留适当人数,俾能按照事件性质之轻重作出合宜裁决。 (20)自由人犯轻罪者,应按犯罪之程度科以罚金;犯重罪者应按其犯罪之大小没收其土地,与居室以外之财产;对于商人适用同样规定,但不得没收其货物。凡余等所辖之农奴犯罪时,亦应同样科以罚金,但不得没收其农具。上述罚金,须凭邻居正直之人宣誓证明,始得科罚。 (21)伯爵与男爵,非经其同级贵族陪审,并按照罪行程度外不得科以罚金。 (22)教士犯罪时,仅能按照处罚上述诸人之方法,就其在俗之财产科以罚金;不得按照其教士采地之收益为标准科处罚金。 (23)不得强迫任何市镇与个人修造渡河桥梁,惟向未负有修桥之责者不在此限。 (24)余等之执行吏,巡察吏,检验吏与管家等,均不得受理向余等提出之诉讼。 (25)一切州郡,百人村,小镇市,小区——余等自己之汤沐邑在外——均应按照旧章征收赋税,不得有任何增加。 (26)凡领受余等之采地者亡故时,执有余等向该亡故者索欠之特许证状之执行吏或管家应即依公正人士数人之意见,按照债务数额,将该亡故者之动产加以登记与扣押,使在偿清余等债务之前不得移动。偿清后之剩余,应即交由死者之遗嘱执行人处理。如死者不欠余等之债,则除为其妻子酌留相当部分外,其余一切动产概依亡者所指定之用途处理。 (27)任何未立遗嘱之自由人亡故时,其所遗动产应依教会之意见,经由其戚友之手分配之,但偿还死者债务之部分应予留出。 (28)余等之巡察吏或管家吏,除立即支付价款外,不得自任何人之处擅取谷物或其他动产,但依出售者之意志允予延期付款者不在此限。 (29)武士如愿亲自执行守卫勤务,或因正当理由不能亲自执行,而委托合适之人代为执 行时,巡察吏即不得向之强索财物。武士被率领或被派遣出征时,应在军役期内免除其守卫勤务。 (30)任何执行吏或管家吏,不得擅取自由人之车与马作为运输之用,但依照该自由人之意志为之者,不在此限。 (31)无论余等或余等之管家吏俱不得强取他人木材,以供建筑城堡或其他私用,但依木材所所有人之意志为之者不在此限。 (32)余等留用重罪既决犯之土地不得超过一年零一日,逾期后即应交还该项土地之原 主。 (33)自此以后,除海岸线以外,其他在泰晤斯河,美得威河及全英格兰各地一切河流上之堰坝与鱼梁概须拆除。 (34)自此以后,不得再行颁布强制转移土地争执案件至国王法庭审讯之敕令,以免自由人丧失其司法权。 (35)全国应有统一之度量衡。酒类、烈性麦酒与谷物之量器,以伦敦夸尔为标准;染色布、土布,锁子甲布之宽度应以织边下之两码为标准;其他衡器亦如量器之规定。 (36)自此以后发给检验状(验尸或验伤)时不得索取或给予任何陋规,请求发给时,亦不得拒绝。 (37)任何人以货币租地法,劳役租地法,或特许享有法保有余等之土地,但同时亦保有其他领主之兵役采地者,余等即不得借口上述诸关系强迫取得其继承人(未成年人)及其所保有他人土地之监护权。除该项货币租地,劳役租地与特许享有租地负有军役义务外,余等皆不得主张其监护权。任何人以献纳刀、剑、弓、箭等而得为余等之小军曹者,余等亦不得对其继承人及其所保有之他人土地主张监护权。 (38)自此以后,凡不能提供忠实可靠之证人与证物时,管家吏不得单凭己意使任何人经受神判法(水火法)。 (39)任何自由人,如未经其同级贵族之依法裁判,或经国法判决,皆不得被逮捕,监禁,没收财产,剥夺法律保护权,流放,或加以任何其他损害。 (40)余等不得向任何人出售,拒绝,或延搁其应享之权利与公正裁判。 (41)除战时与余等敌对之国家之人民外,一切商人,倘能遵照旧时之公正习惯,皆可免除苛捐杂税,安全经由水道与旱道,出入英格兰,或在英格兰全境逗留或耽搁以经营商业。战时,敌国商人在我国者,在余等或余等之爱猫扑.爱生活官获知我国商人在敌国所受之待遇前,应先行扣留,但不得损害彼等之身体与货物。如我国商人之在敌国者安全无恙,敌国商人在我国者亦将安全无恙。 (42)自此以后,任何对余等效忠之人民,除在战时为国家与公共幸福得暂加限制外,皆可由水道或旱道安全出国或入国。但监犯与被褫夺法律保护权之人为例外,关于敌国人民与商人,依前述方法处理。 (43)领有归属土地——诸如自窝林福德,诺定昂,波罗因,兰开斯忒诸勋爵领有者,或其他归属于余等之男爵领地——之附庸亡故时,其继承人不另缴承继税。余等亦不得令其提供较男爵生前更多之役务,一切应依该采地在男爵手中时为标准。 (44)自此以后,不得以普通传票召唤森林区以外之居民赴森林区法庭审讯。但为森林区案件之被告人,或为森林区案件被告之保人者,不在此限。 (45)除熟习本国法律而又志愿遵守者外,余等将不任命任何人为法官,巡察吏,执行吏或管家吏。 (46)一切自英国历朝国王获得特许状创立寺院或握有寺产保管权之男爵(贵族),应悉仍旧例,在该项寺院无人主持时,负保管之责。 (47)凡在余等即位后所划出之森林区,及建为防御工事之河岸,皆应立即撤除。 (48)有关每一州郡之森林,园圃,森林官,园圃守护人,管家吏及其仆役,河岸及其守护人等之一切陋规恶习,应由各该州郡推选武士十二人,于宣誓后立即驰赴各地详加调查,并于调查后四十日内予以全部彻底革除,务使永不再起。调查情形应先奏知余等,若余等不在国内时则先禀知爱猫扑.爱生活官。 (49)凡英国臣民为表示和好和忠忱所交予余等之人质或其他担保品,概须立即退还。 (50)余等应解除热拉尔之戚及下列诸人(名略)及随从彼等来英任执行吏者之职务,并使彼等自此以后,不再在英国担任此项职务。 (51)君臣复归于好后,余等应将携带马匹与武器来英格兰并危害英国之外国士兵,弩手,仆役及佣兵等立即遣送出境。 (52)任何人凡未经其同级贵族之合法裁决而被余等夺去其土地,城堡,自由或合法权利者,余等应立即归还之。倘有关于此项事件之任何争执发生,应依后列负责保障和平之男爵二十五人之意见裁决之。其有在余等之父亨利王或余等之兄理查王时代,未经其同级贵族之合法判决而被夺去之上述各项,现为余等所有,或为他人所有而应由余等负责者,当较照参加十字军者获得展缓债务权利之一般规定办理。但当余等参谒圣地归来后,或因故中止余等之东征时,余等应即公平处理之。惟在余等誓师东征前正在进行诉讼,或由余等之敕令正在审理中者,不在此限。 (53)关于下列事件亦应依照前条规定处理或展缓处理之; (甲)余等之父亨利王,兄理查王时代所划出之森林,何者应撤除,何者应保留。 (乙)余等在他人采地中之监护权(此项监护权系因某人曾自余等领受军役采地,因而使余等享有者)。 (丙)余等在他人采地中所建立之寺院(该采地之领主声称有管辖权者)。 当余等参谒圣地归来后,或因故中止余等之东征时,余等应立即对上述诸项予以公正处理。 (54)凡妇女指控之杀人案件,如死者并非其夫,即不得逮捕或监禁任何人。 (55)凡余等所科之一切不正当与不合法之罚金与处罚,须一概免除或纠正之,或依照后列保障和平之男爵二十五人之意见,或大多数男爵连同前述之坎特伯里大主教斯提芬,及其所愿与共同商讨此事件者之意见处理之。遇大教主不能出席时,事件应照常进行。但如上述二十五男爵中有一人或数人与同一事件有关(“大宪章重订译本”作“为同一事件之原告”),则应于处理此一事件时回避,而代之以其余男爵中所遴选之人。 (56)如余等曾在英格兰或威尔斯,未依其同级贵族之合法裁判,而夺去任何威尔斯贵族之土地,自由或其他物品,应立即归还之。遇有关于此类事件之争执发生时,应交由“边区”贵族处理,凡属英格兰人之产业,按照英格兰法律办理,威尔斯人产业,按照威尔斯法律办理,边区产业则依边区法律办理。威尔斯人对余等及余等之人民应同样行之。 (57)至关于威尔斯人在余等之父亨利,或余等之兄理查时代未经其同级贵族之合法判 决而被夺去之物,现在余等手中,或虽不在余等手中而应由余等负责者,余等将按照参加十字军者可展缓债务之一般规定处理。但当余等参谒圣地归来后,或因故中止余等之东征时,余等应即予以公平处理。惟在余等誓师东征前正在进行诉讼,或由余等之敕令正在审理中者,不在此限。 (58)余等应立即归还刘埃霖之子及威尔斯人一切人质以及作为和平担保之一切信物与 契据。 (59)关于苏格兰王亚历山大,余等将归还其姊妹,质物,自由与合法权利,一如余等对英格兰诸男爵之所为,但属于其父威廉王敕令中所载,而为余等所保有者,不在此限。此一切当依照在英国宫廷中之苏格兰贵族之意见处理。 (60)余等在上述敕令中所公布之一切习惯与自由,就属于余等之范围而言,应为全国臣民,无论僧俗,一律遵守,就属于诸男爵(一切贵族)之范围而言,应为彼等之附庸共同遵守。 (61)余等之所以作前述诸让步,在欲归荣于上帝,致国家于富强,但尤在泯除余等与诸男爵间之意见,使彼等永享太平之福,因此,余等愿再以下列保证赐予之。 诸男爵得任意从国中推选男爵二十五人,此二十五人应尽力遵守,维护,同时亦使其余人等共同遵守余等所颁赐彼等,并以本宪章所赐予之和平与特权。其方法如下:如余等或余等之法官,管家吏或任何其他臣仆,在任何方面干犯任何人之权利,或破坏任何和平条款而为上述二十五男爵中之四人发觉时,此四人可即至余等之前——如余等不在国内时,则至余等之三官前,——指出余等之错误,要求余等立即设法改正。自错误指出之四十日内,如余等,或余等不在国内时,余等之法官不顾改正此项错误,则该四人应将此事取决于其余男爵,而此二十三男爵即可联合全国人民,共同使用其权力,以一切方法向余等施以抑制与压力,诸如夺取余等之城堡、土地与财产等等,务使此项错误终能依照彼等之意见改正而后已。但对余等及余等二王后与子女之人身不得加以侵犯。错误一经改正,彼等即应与余等复为君臣如初。国内任何人如欲按上述方法实行,应宣誓服从前述男爵二十五人之命令,并尽其全力与彼等共同向余等施以压力。余等兹特公开允许任何人皆可作上述宣誓,并允许永不阻止任何人宣誓。国内所有人民,纵其依自己之意志,不愿对该二十五男爵宣誓以共同向余等施用压力者,余等亦应以命令令之宣誓。如上述二十五男爵中有任何人死亡,离国或因故不能执行上述职务时,其余男爵应依己意自其他男爵中推选另外之人代之,其宣誓方法与上述诸人同。此外,上述二十五男爵于受托执行任务时,倘在出席讨论中关于某些事件发生争端,或有某些男爵被召请后,不愿或不能出席时,则出席男爵过半数之决定,或宣布之方案,应被视为合法且具有约束力,一如二十五人全体出席所议决者同。上述二十五男爵应宣誓对前列各项竭诚遵守,并尽力使其余人遵守之,而余等亦不得由自己或通过他人自任何人取得任何物品致使上列诸权利与自由废止或削减。如有此项取得之物,应视同无效与非法,余等自己不得加以利用,亦不得通过别人加以利用。 (62)自斗争开始以来,余等之僧俗臣民与余等之间所发生之一切敌意,愤怒与仇恨,余等已予宽恕并赦宥之,此外,自本朝第十六年复活节起,至和平重建之日止,一切僧俗人民所犯之一切罪过,余等亦已加以宽恕并赦宥之。关于上述各项让步与诺言,余等兹任命坎特伯里大主教斯提芬勋爵,杜伯林大主教亨利勋爵及前述诸主教与班达尔夫君共同草拟敕令以昭信守。 (63)余等即以此敕令欣然而坚决昭告全国:英国教会应享自由,英国臣民及其子孙后代,将如前述,自余等及余等之后嗣在任何事件与任何时期中,永远适当而和平,自由而安静,充分而全然享受上述各项自由,权剂与让与,余等与诺男爵惧已宣誓,将以忠信与善意遵守上述各条款。上列诸人及其他多人当可为证。
2023-07-11 21:38:001

求---真名法典:真红的圣痕(Magna Carta: Tears of Blood)---的详细资料

本游戏由《西风狂诗曲》制作公司韩国Softmax所开发,由BANPRESTO重制发行,是2001 年12月所发行的PC RPG《真名法典 冰之魅影》的续篇作品。本次发行的PS2版除了承袭原作颇受好评的美术设定与游戏系统之外,并配合PS2的操作以及更强大的3D图形处理效能加以改良,亦加入了许多精美的3D CG动画影片。游戏的世界以“卦”为一切自然力量的泉源,共分为天、 泽 、火、 雷、 风、 水 、山、 地这八个属性(与中国的八卦相同),依照“真名(Carta)”的准则运行,而传说中存在有所谓的“Magna Carta”,只要达到“Magna Carta”的境界,就能掌控“卦”的运行准则,重新构筑一个新的世界,是足以扭转一整个种族兴衰存亡、至高无上的力量,是许多人毕生追求的目标,但至今尚无人能达到这个境界。游戏叙述长久以来苦于莫名的石化病与战争的人类,为了追求另一片新天地,于是航向未知的海外,投入前途未卜的大航行,在历经了饥饿、疾病与海难之后,终于发现了新大陆,人类的“新世纪”于是由此展开。而在人类移民到这块名为“伊菲利亚”的新大陆之前,该大陆就有名为“亚颂”的原住民种族在此生活,初期人类与亚颂尚能和平相处,但在人类的人口与居住地大幅扩张之下,开始与亚颂发生一连串的摩擦与冲突,而在这些冲突长年的累积之下,使得两个种族迈向了全面战争的状态。人类与亚颂的战争,最后由人类的“八英雄”将亚颂所崇拜的光之树封印而告终,在失去了光之树所供应的“卦”之后,亚颂饱受木化病所苦,有部分亚颂发生了突变,得到了新的强大力量,这使得人类与亚颂对抗的战争局势又有了新的变化。游戏的男主角卡林兹,幼时故乡遭受亚颂袭击而灭亡,自此与亚颂有着不共戴天之仇,后来加入了由许多与亚颂有深仇大恨的人所组成的佣兵团“红色旋风”,担任队长的职务,故事叙述红色旋风与人类联合军投入大反击作战,但受到亚颂女王亚密拉的妨碍而失败,在撤退的混乱局面中,遇到了丧失记忆的女主角莉丝,自此卷入足以扭转人类与亚颂两种族兴衰存亡的关键事件中。
2023-07-11 21:38:081

This year, Magna Carta is eight hundred years old求翻译

今年,Magna Carta 八百岁了,而King John 在七百九十九岁死了
2023-07-11 21:38:172

视觉系MIKU是什么团队里的

アンティック-珈琲店的主音
2023-07-11 21:38:383

英文介绍英国君主立宪制怎么的建立

The British monarchyThe monarchy of the United Kingdom (commonly referred to as the British monarchy) is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories. The British monarchy traces its origins from the Kings of the Angles and the early Scottish Kings. By the year 1000, the kingdoms of England and Scotland had developed from the petty kingdoms of early medieval Britain. The last Anglo-Saxon monarch (Harold II) was defeated and killed in the Norman invasion of 1066 and the English monarchy passed to the Norman conquerors. In the thirteenth century, the principality of Wales was absorbed by England, and Magna Carta began the process of reducing the political powers of the monarch.From 1603, when the Scottish King James VI inherited the English throne as James I, both kingdoms were ruled by a single monarch. From 1649 to 1660 the tradition of monarchy was broken by the republican Commonwealth of England that followed the War of the Three Kingdoms. The Act of Settlement 1701, which is still in force, excluded Roman Catholics, or those married to Catholics, from succession to the English throne. In 1707 the kingdoms of England and Scotland were merged to create the Kingdom of Great Britain and in 1801 the Kingdom of Ireland joined to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The British monarch became nominal head of the vast British Empire, which covered a quarter of the world"s surface at its greatest extent in 1921.In the 1920s, five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the Union as the Irish Free State, and the Balfour Declaration recognised the evolution of the dominions of the empire into separate, self-governing countries within a Commonwealth of Nations. After the Second World War, the vast majority of British colonies and territories became independent, effectively bringing the empire to an end. George VI and his successor, Elizabeth II, adopted the title Head of the Commonwealth as a symbol of the free association of its independent member states.The Commonwealth includes both republics and monarchies. At present fifteen other Commonwealth countries share with the United Kingdom the same person as their monarch. The terms British monarchy and British monarch are frequently still employed in reference to the person and institution shared amongst all sixteen of the Commonwealth realms,[ and to the distinct monarchies within each of these independent countries, often at variance with the different, specific, and official national titles and styles for each jurisdiction.
2023-07-11 21:39:202

有谁可以给我一篇关于英国君主立宪制的文章?要英文版的!

The British monarchyThe monarchy of theUnited Kingdom(commonly referred to as the British monarchy) is the constitutional monarchyof theUnited Kingdomand its overseas territories. The British monarchy traces its origins from theKings of the Angles and the early Scottish Kings. By the year 1000, the kingdoms ofEnglandandScotlandhad developed from the petty kingdoms of early medievalBritain. Thelast Anglo-Saxon monarch (Harold II) was defeated and killed in the Normaninvasion of 1066 and the English monarchy passed to the Norman conquerors. Inthe thirteenth century, the principality ofWaleswas absorbed byEngland,and Magna Carta began the process of reducing the political powers of themonarch.From 1603, when the Scottish King James VI inherited the English throne asJames I, both kingdoms were ruled by a single monarch. From 1649 to 1660 thetradition of monarchy was broken by the republicanCommonwealthofEnglandthat followed the War of the Three Kingdoms. The Act of Settlement 1701, whichis still in force, excluded Roman Catholics, or those married to Catholics,from succession to the English throne. In 1707 the kingdoms of England andScotland were merged to create the Kingdom of Great Britain and in 1801 theKingdom of Ireland joined to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain andIreland. The British monarch became nominal head of the vastBritish Empire, which covered a quarter of the world"s surface at itsgreatest extent in 1921.In the 1920s,five-sixths ofIrelandseceded from the Union as the Irish Free State, and the Balfour Declarationrecognised the evolution of the dominions of the empire into separate,self-governing countries within aCommonwealth of Nations.After the Second World War, the vast majority of British colonies andterritories became independent, effectively bringing the empire to an end.George VI and his successor, Elizabeth II, adopted the title Head of theCommonwealth as a symbol of the free association of its independent memberstates.The Commonwealthincludes both republics and monarchies. At present fifteen other Commonwealthcountries share with theUnited Kingdomthe same person as their monarch.The terms British monarchy and British monarch are frequently still employed inreference to the person and institution shared amongst all sixteen of theCommonwealth realms,[ and to the distinct monarchies within each of theseindependent countries, often at variance with the different, specific, andofficial national titles and styles for each jurisdiction.
2023-07-11 21:39:282

屹立千年而不倒,英国王室是凭借着什么?

西方王室包括英国王室都是男女都有继承权的;而且西方世界的王室之间都有亲戚关系。很多时候王室没有直系继承人了都是从国外王室找一个有血缘关系的王室成员来继承王位!英国历史上有一个国王是德国人,刚继承王位的时候连英语都不会说!所以按中国的习惯这种王朝已经更换了好几茬了!不是王室延续千年,而是这顶王冠延续千年都有人来带!
2023-07-11 21:39:3610

哪些事件导致了英国国王权利的变化

《大宪章》(拉丁文Magna Carta, 英文Great Charter),1215年6月15日(一说1213)英王约翰被迫签署的宪法性的文件。其宗旨为保障封建贵族的政治独立与经济权益。又称《自由大宪章》或《1215大宪章》。这张书写在羊皮纸卷上的文件在历史上第一次限制了封建君主的权力,日后成为了英国君主立宪制的法律基石。英国资产阶级革命是从1640年查理一世召开新议会的事件开始到1688年资产阶级和新贵族发动宫廷政变结束,以新贵族阶级为代表推翻封建统治建立起英国资本主义制度的社会革命。[
2023-07-11 21:40:353

英国《大宪章》的签署本质上反应了哪两个阶级的斗争

1215年,在大主教兰顿和舆论的支持下,贵族以武力迫使约翰在拉尼米德接受保障贵族及骑士,以及保护公民与自由民利益的自由的“大宪章”。大宪章最主要的条款有:第14章:召集大会议的定则及其权力,大会议召集令对大贵族个别传送,对小贵族(骑士)由郡长官集体宣布;第39章:“非按同等级者的合法裁判和国王法律,对任何自由人不得逮捕、监禁、没收财产、剥夺受法律保护之权、放逐,后加以任何损害;国王亦不得对之侵犯和逼迫。”此外,贵族们设立了由24位(一说25位)大贵族组成的常设委员会,来监督约翰是否遵守诺言。如果国王违反大宪章,贵族有武装反抗的权利。大宪章仍是封建性的,目的是确认各等级的权利不得侵犯;其重要意义在于确认法律高于国王。英格兰金雀花王室与贵族的斗争。
2023-07-11 21:40:431

历史回顾的英文

一、回顾过去展望未来的英语作文 回首过去,我们思绪纷飞,感慨万千;立足今日,我们胸有成竹,信心百倍;展望未来,我们引吭高歌,一路欢笑。 Looking back on the past, our thoughts fly, be filled with a thousand regrets; based on today, we have a well-thought-out plan, with confidence; looking to the future, we roar out a song, laughing all the way. 昨天,永远属于过去,过去不管成功或失败,永远属于死神;昨天,如一颗陨落的流星划过天际,来不及招呼;昨天,如一朵朵漫天飞舞的的蒲公英,尽显其招摇之态。 Yesterday, will always belong to the past, the past no matter success or failure, will always belong to death; yesterday, such as a fall of a meteor across the sky, no time to say hello; yesterday, like a blossoming of dandelion flying all over the sky, the state had shown its swagger. 回首昨天,我们问心无愧,尽管太多的苦涩融进了昨日的犁铧,尽管太多的忧伤充斥着我们的心灵,尽管太多的无奈写在我们的脸上,尽管太多的精力挥洒在昨日的流程上。 Looking back on yesterday, we examine oneself, feeling no shame, even though much of the bitterness into yesterday"s share, although too much sadness fills our hearts, even though much of our helplessness in the face, although too much sway in yesterday"s process. 有失败也会有成功,有咸淡的泪水当然也少不了甜美的微笑,有失落才构成昨日缠绵的歌,有忧伤才会有昨日焕发的浪漫色彩。 There will be success and failures, there are fresh tears of course sweet *** ile, it will constitute a loss of love songs yesterday, there are sad yesterday will have a romantic glow. 回首过去,我们心怀坦荡,回首过去,我们沉沦于昨日成功时鲜花与掌声的簇拥之中;回首过去,我们没有驻足在昨日构建的美丽梦想中;回首过去,我们没有黯然伤神,沉沦于昨日的得与失,是与非中;回首过去,了解最真实的自我,看清今后的方向,选好航程,为一个崭新的日子苦心打造。 Looking back on the past, we magnanimous mind, looking back on the past, we sink in the flowers and applause yesterday when surrounded by; in the past, we did not stop at yesterday to build beautiful dreams; looking back on the past, we did not feel dejected unwittingly, sink in yesterday"s gain and loss, with non; looking back on the past, know the truth self, to see the future direction, select the range, as a brand-new day painstakingly building. 立足今日,我们擦亮眼睛,走过昨日逝去的岁月,点燃新的希望,放飞新的梦想,在日子的隧道中穿梭。今天,又一个起点,又一轮朝阳,请打开你的心灵之窗,拥抱阳光!拥抱今天吧! Based on today, our eyes, gone through the years to e yesterday, ignited new hope, new dreams of flying, the shuttle in the days of the tunnel. Today, another starting point, another round of Chaoyang, please open the window of your heart, embrace the sun! Embrace today! 辞旧迎新,时光永不停歇的前行,人们在无法抗拒中长大成熟又老去,这就是人生;过去的,你无法轻易的忘怀,向往中的美好明天,你会继续憧憬,这就是人性。 Old year, before time non-stop, people in the irresistible grow old to go, this is life; the past, you can"t easily fet, for a better tomorrow, will you continue to look forward to, this is human nature. 13,最后一页即将被翻去,回顾时发现有太多的酸甜苦辣:你爱过.恨过,你拥有.失去过,你欢笑.流泪过,你成功,失败过。.缕一下清一清,有多少美好可回味,有多少记忆值得保存,有多少挫折烦恼必须放下;一步一个脚印,不必对你做过的事懊恼,起码你收获了经验,也不要对一点成就欣喜若狂,因你将面临新的一年新的挑战,过去只能代表你已经走过去的路。 13, the last page is about to be over, review found that too much sour, sweet, bitter, hot: you love. Hate, you have lost, you laugh. Tears, you succeed, fail 。. ray of a clear, how much good can aftertaste, how much memory is worth preserving, how many frustration worry must lay down; work steadily, not on the things you have done annoyed, at least you gained experience, but also not to tread a little achievement, because you will face the new year new challenges, the past can only represent you"ve walked past the road. 14,每个人都将谱写一曲新的篇章,新年不会计较你的过去,新年会象人世迎接初生婴儿般欢迎你!这一刻开始,给自己定一个目标,为自己刻画一幅蓝图,希望点什么,改掉些若干。 .静一静想一想,把过去抛到脑后,展望你崭新的一年,无论理想实现的艰难,至少你想去努力;结果并不重要,重要在享受过程,把理想与奋斗相结合,相信自己:我一定可以!我一定行 14, everyone will pose a new chapter, the new year will not care about your past, new year will wele you as the world meet the newborn baby! This moment, set a goal for himself, depicts a blueprint for themselves, want something, to get rid of some 。 二、历史 英文 回顾19世纪历史学作为一门学科建立初始,就曾经出现对该学科定位上的论争。 一方主张仿照自然科学的范式来构建历史学,他们宣称:“历史学,一门不折不扣的科学”;而另一方则主张按文学艺术等人文学科的范式来构建历史学,他们声称:“克莱奥,一位缪斯”,意指历史之神是艺术之神,同科学无缘。此后,就历史学能否作为科学加以建构这个根本性问题,就一直萦绕在历史学研究者的心中,不管是否明确地表达,每个历史研究者都有对历史学定位的认识,并按照这种认识来进行具体的历史研究。 历史哲学研究者还专门就历史学的科学性问题展开讨论。最初的历史哲学集中于对历史发展过程本身、亦即历史本体进行思考,力求揭示历史的发展规律。 这一派历史哲学研究后来被称为思辩的历史哲学,黑格尔、施本格勒、汤因比等是其代表。但他们所说的历史发展规律,不外乎归因于上帝或绝对精神之类的超验意志,或者类比生物或人体的生长、成熟、死亡的必然性,这种宿命式的规律观,自然缺少可信性。 于是历史哲学研究转向了历史认识是如何可能的认识论问题上,即通过考察历史研究者是如何研究历史、历史知识又是如何形成的来确定历史学的性质,给历史学以定位。这一派历史哲学被称为分析或批判的历史哲学,克罗齐、柯林武德等是其代表。 他们认为,历史研究充满了研究者的主体性干预,从课题的选择到研究资料的取舍、再到历史叙事的编排、历史解释的构建、直到历史现象的价值评判,都脱离不开历史研究者的主体性干预。在他们的认识里,研究者主体保持价值中立是不可能做到的。 因此,历史学的科学性受到更进一步的质疑。但是,一些致力于维护历史学科学地位的学者也在做着不懈的努力。 像二战后以法国年鉴学派和美国新经济史学派为代表的新史学就是在努力将历史学作为科学来加以建构的。前者尝试通过整合各门社会科学研究方法来建构“总体史”,以求揭示长时段的深层历史结构,并依此而赋予历史学的科学地位以合法性;后者则尝试吸纳经济学的计量方法研究历史上的一些可计量现象,并依据向社会科学中最具科学外观的学科的看齐来赋予历史学的科学地位以合法性。 但由于年鉴学派在整合跨学科方法上的失败而重新走向各学科方法的分立的“碎化”和新经济史学派滥用数学计量工具,最终未能取得令人满意的进展。这些在历史学科学性问题上的反复争论,反映出历史学不同于其他社会科学的特殊性,其根本性的症结就在于历史学研究对象的特殊性,它研究的是往昔旧事,既不能重现、又无法贴近观察,更无法反复实验与检验。 这种研究对象的特殊性,显然无法沿用自然科学流行的实证主义的评价标准来确认它的科学性。实证主义的科学评价标准就是通过反复证实来确认研究发现和解释的科学真理性,在这一点上,以现实为研究对象的经济学和社会学都相比历史学有一定的优势,它们也被称为社会科学中最“硬”的、也就是最类似于自然科学的学科。 Recalling the 19th-century history as a discipline to establish the initial on the location of the discipline have appeared on the controversy. One party is modeled on the paradigm of natural sciences to build a history, they declared: "History, an out-of science"; while the other is expounded by the literature and the humanities and arts paradigm to build a history, they claim: "Clio, a Muse," meaning of history that God is the god of the arts, with science and missed. Since then, the history of science to be able to build this as a fundamental issue has been lingering in the minds of researchers of history, whether or not clearly expressed,Every historical researcher has a right understanding of historical location and in accordance with this understanding to carry out a specific historical research. Philosophy of history researchers also specifically on the history of science issues to discuss. The initial philosophy of history concentrated on the historical development process itself, which is to reflect on the history ontology, and strive to reveal the laws of historical development. This school of historical studies in philosophy came to be known as the speculative philosophy of history, Hegel, Spengler, Toynbee and others are their representatives. But they say the laws of historical development, nothing more than due to the spirit of God, or the like is absolutely transcendent will, or the *** ogy of biological or human growth, into aCooked, the inevitability of death, this type of fatalistic view of the law, natural lack of credibility. Historical studies in philosophy then turned to the historical understanding of how the possible epistemological issue, that is by looking at historical researcher is how to study history, historical knowledge is formed to determine how the nature of history, giving history to locate. This school of philosophy of history is known as *** ysis or critici *** of the history of philosophy, Croce, Collingwood and others are their 。 三、有关英国历史的英文介绍 BC in the Mediterranean Iberian people, BAK people, Celtic, has e to Britain. 1-5 century, south-east England, the Roman Empire. , After the withdrawal of the Romans, the Anglo people in northern Europe, Saxons, Jutes invaded and settled in succession. The 7th century the feudal system began to take shape, many *** all countries, and into seven kingdoms strive for hegemony over 200 years, called "Anglo - Saxon era." 829 King of Wessex love Gebert unified England. 8 end of the century the Danes were struck from 1016 to 1042 as part of the Danish Viking empire. King was later short-term rule, in 1066, Duke of Normandy crossed the sea to conquer England. In 1215 King John was forced to sign Magna Carta, kingship was inhibited. From 1338 to 1453 English law, "the Hundred Years War," the British after the defeat and win a victory. In 1588, defeated the Spanish "Armada", to establish maritime supremacy. Bourgeois revolution broke out in 1640. May 19, 1649 declared a republic. 1660 Dynasty restoration took place in 1668 "Glorious Revolution" established a constitutional monarchy. 1707 England and Scotland merged in 1801 they merged with the Irish. The latter half of the 18th century to the first half of the 19th century, being the world"s first industrial revolution, a plete country. 19th century was the heyday of the British Empire in 1914 the colonial possession of 111 times more than the local big was the first colonial power, claiming to be "follow the sun empire." After World War I began to decay. British in Northern Ireland was established in 1920, the county, and in 1921 to 1922 in southern Ireland, from its rule to allow the establishment of an independent country. Westminster Act, enacted in 1931, was forced to recognize its dominion in the internal affairs and foreign policy of independence, the British Empire, shaken from the colonial system. World War II, greatly weakened the economic strength and political status declined. With the 1947 India and Pakistan have independence, to 60 years, the British Empire, the collapse of the colonial system. In January 1973 to join the EC.。
2023-07-11 21:40:501

历史问题,帮忙解答一下,O(∩_∩)O谢谢!

贵族与平民矛盾激化产生共和,不断斗争才有结果
2023-07-11 21:40:584

政治现代化的评价标准

政治现代化评价标准具体分为以下六个方面。 政治制度是国家政权的基本组织形式及其相关制度,它规定一国的根本制度,支配国家的整个政治生活,是政治文明的核心。衡量一个国家政治现代化程度高低的主要标志就是看该国是否建立了一个科学合理、行之有效的民主政治制度。尽管自人类步入阶级社会以来,就在长期的政治活动中逐渐积累起了政治制度,但在农业社会中,政治主要还是少数人的专利,虽然也形成了一定的政治制度,但在实践中,人的因素要远远高于制度的作用,“口含天宪”、“金口玉言”就是这种政治的突出特点。所以,作为政治现代化的首要内容,就是将政治活动的程序和规则以制度的形式确定下来,使政治活动摆脱随意性和过多的个人影响,不因领导人的改变而改变,不因领导人看法和注意力的改变而改变,只有这样才能保证我们国家的长治久安。所以我们将政治制度化列为政治现代化的首要目标。新中国建立以来,我们党领导全国人民从本国的实际出发,经过长期的摸索,逐渐建立起一套具有中国特色的社会主义政治制度,包括人民民主专政的国体、人民代表大会制度的政体、共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度以及民族区域自治制度等。经过长期实践的检验,这些制度符合历史发展的根本潮流,受到人民群众的衷心拥护,显示出了强大的生命力。但由于受传统封建社会的思想影响比较深,以及我们自己在社会主义实践中的失误,至今为止,我们的政治制度建设仍然有很多不尽如人意之处。如权力过分集中、家长制、终身制、官僚主义、特权、个人崇拜、重人治、轻法治等等。这些问题尽管来源复杂,但归根结底,都和我们长期忽视政治制度建设有一定的关系。所以小平同志在总结我们党的历史经验和教训时曾精辟地指出:“我们过去所发生的各种错误,固然与某些领导人的思想、作风有关,但是组织制度、工作制度方面的问题更重要。这些方面的制度好可以使坏人无法任意横行,制度不好可以使好人无法充分做好事,甚至走向反面……”。[1] “肃清封建主义残余的影响,重点是切实改革并完善党和国家的制度,从制度上保证党和国家政治生活的民主化、经济管理的民主化、整个社会生活的民主化,促进现代化各项事业的顺利发展。”[2]政治制度化的具体衡量标准有:政治机构的功能结构划分是否合理。传统社会的政治分化程度较低,同一政府功能往往由若干性质不同的机构承担,或者一个机构同时承担若干不同的功能。随着社会由农业社会步入工业社会,社会分层越来越细,社会事务越来越庞杂,要求作为国家管理机构的政治机构分工合理、权责明确。政治机构的运行是否透明有序。现代行政和历史上的行政的一个重要的区别是民主性、透明性显著加强,这就要求对于行政机关的行政方式和行政程序都有一定的规定,并且能够透明到普通的群众都能理解和运用。这样可以增加行政行为的合理性和可预期性。行政人员的选用是否有章可循。也就是说政治机构中的公务员和工作人员的录用、提升和罢免,应标准明确、程序固定、过程透明。吏治腐败是最大的腐败,也是封建的人身依附关系在现代政治中的残余。再好的政策和制度,都要靠人去执行,所以建立优秀人才可以自由竞争、脱颖而出的机制是最重要的。任何现代化的政治体系,都要通过科学合理的公职人员录用、升迁、淘汰制度来保证决策的科学化。政治体制的创新是否与时俱进。根据历史唯物主义经济基础决定上层建筑的基本原理,现代社会的生产力水平越高,社会分层就越复杂,相应地对政治决策和执行的要求也就越来越高。所以就要求我们要真正本着“求真务实”的态度,不断推进政治体制的创新。但是这种创新只是社会主义制度自身的一种自我完善,决不是另起炉灶,接受其他的政治制度。我们政治体制创新的重点应该是通过制度设计和制度创新来保证人民充分行使民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督的权利,特别要落实人民群众对干部选拔任用的知情权、参与权、选举权和监督权,并通过加强党内监督、法律监督和群众监督,建立健全依法行使权利的制约机制和监督机制。这种民主制度的建设与完善,正是社会主义政治文明的基本内容和必然要求。总的来说,政治现代化的关键在于制度建设、制度设计和制度安排。因为与领导人的个人能力和决心相比,制度更具有根本性、全局性、稳定性和长期性。 传统中国和现代中国在行政上的最大区别就是“依法治国”和“以人治国”。所谓“依法治国”,就是指广大人民群众在党的领导下,依照宪法和法律规定,通过各种途径和形式,管理国家事务,管理经济和文化事业,管理社会事务,保证国家各项工作都依法进行。而“以人治国”则是将政治的合理性都寄托在各级官员身上,后者又主要寄希望于他们的个人道德修养。政治法治化的衡量标准大体由三部分组成:宪政意识的确立、行政立法的制度化和依法行政的规范化。政治法治化的核心就是要牢固树立并强化宪政意识,其核心就是确立宪法和法律的绝对权威,建立法理型的政治结构,以此来实现政治领袖有规则的更迭,实行政治运行的规则化。宪政在人类历史上有两大贡献:一是实现了政治斗争的和平化,结束了霍布斯所称的政治上的“自然状态”,使政治斗争由对抗走向对话,由分歧走向共识,由无序走向有序。共识、理解、妥协、协商成为解决争端的主要形式。二是给国家权力划定了一个界限,实现了主权的相对化。宪政就是“限政”,在至高无上的代表人民公意的宪法和法律面前,任何主权和英雄的神话都不复存在。大众选择代替了精英智慧,政治的发展从此摆脱了“人治”的窠臼。因为宪法意识本身很难衡量,所以在实践中,我们可以通过违宪审查制度是否建立、可否提起宪法诉讼、各级政府如何处理和宪法相冲突的部门或地方的法律法规等方面来衡量。宪政意识在行政领域的具体体现就是行政立法。它的内涵十分丰富:大到国家的各种社会政治制度、公民的基本权利和义务、国家行政管理活动、国民经济的管理和宏观调控,小到民事和商事活动、劳动关系和社会保障、社会福利的调整、违法犯罪的处罚等等,都应该由只有由人民行使国家权力的机关在宪法和法律上作出规定。不能根据各级官员的主观判断,也不能诉诸传统的良心和公理,任何行政行为必须有法律上的依据,程序正义在这里一定意义上超过了实体正义。实践中,我们可以从年度行政立法的数量和质量进行评价,对于后一个因素,我们可以从群众的反映以及与国外先进立法的比较中看出。立法再完善,关键还是看执行。依法行政的原则说到底,就是要坚持法律面前人人平等。任何团体和个人都必须在宪法和法律的规范内活动,执政党和政府更应该成为表率。必须坚持有法可依、有法必依、执法必严、违法必究的方针,严格依法办事。具体的衡量标准是每年的行政诉讼的数量以及群众的满意度。这三个指标实际上是密切相关的。宪政意识是政治法治化的最高衡量标准,我们过去仅仅将它理解成有没有一部完备的宪法,这是不全面的。无宪法自然无宪政,但有宪法也未必就一定有宪政。宪法只是一张记载了人民权利的纸,要想将这些“纸面上的权利”落到现实中,必须要依靠严格的、甚至是烦琐的立法和执法过程,真正使宪法和法律成为人民意志的集中体现和高度升华。尽管这并不意味着法院审理每一个具体案件都要适用宪法,也不意味着政府的每一个行政行为都要引用具体宪法条文。但是,必须保障宪法规定的国家权力分工与监督制约机制真正有效运作,必须保障宪法对其它法律、制度、规章的绝对权威性,必须保障群众有能力运用宪法这一神圣的武器来保障自身的合法权利不受侵害,这不仅需要政治制度和法律诉讼制度上的安排,也需要经济和司法救济制度的帮助。法治社会是一个可以预期的社会,是一个有着稳定秩序的社会。一个政府能够引导社会树立宪法意识,带头维护宪法的尊严和威信,依法治国,就很容易培养社会大众对政府的认同度和忠诚度,政府的合法性就大为增强,就可以应付各种危机的挑战,政府行政管理水平也会有很大的提高。 政治稳定化是政治现代化的一个重要标准和标志。对于像中国这样的发展中国家来说,在现代化进程中一个很严重的威胁是激烈的政治现代化变革引发的社会动荡。所以,稳定是中国当前最大的政治。中国,乃至东亚地区的大多数威权政府实行的都是一党优势制的政治体制,这样的执政党长期执掌政权,有利于保持社会的稳定、政府的威望和各项政治经济政策制定和实施的连续性。但要想顺应时代发展的潮流,保持长治久安,就必须以改革的精神加强党的建设,增强党的阶级基础,扩大党的群众基础,加强和友党的交流与合作,推崇“求真务实”的工作作风,追求全面均衡协调发展的工作思路。政治稳定有四项重要指标:一是群体性事件的发生频度和激烈程度;二是社会结构的变迁结果;三是政权交替时的平稳程度;四是权力监督机制的健全程度。群体性事件是指群众自发地采取游行示威、上访、静坐等方式在公共场合集中表现自己意见的一种方式。从消极意义上说,群体性事件给一些别有用心的人以制造社会骚乱的机会,对社会秩序会有一定的破坏;但从积极意义上看,群体性事件也是社会舆情的一个“风向标”,社会矛盾的一个“减压阀”,可以使政府了解群众最关心、意见最大的问题,及时采取有效对策,避免更大范围的危机。所以从群体性事件发生的频度和激烈程度,就可以判断出一段时期以来社会稳定的基本形势。社会结构同样是社会学家非常看重的政治现代化指标。根据社会学家的观点,两头小中间大的橄榄型等级结构是最稳定的,因为中等收入阶层一般比较拥护现有的政策,是各种激烈变革的天敌。凡是这种社会,社会资源的配置一般都比较合理,分配差距比较小,社会各阶层之间的利益矛盾和冲突一般都不会很大,可以实现稳定的可持续发展。目前,我国的社会结构还只是一个"洋葱头型",并没有形成成熟的"橄榄型"。目前我国中等收入阶层在总人口中的比例大约是18%左右,离西方国家的40%还有不小的距离。如果中等收入阶层以每年1%的增长速度,到2020年,我国也可以达到35%左右的比例。这将有利于形成稳定的社会结构。政治稳定化的另一项指标是一个国家能否实现政权交替时的平稳过渡。传统社会由于是人治的社会,所以政权的新旧更迭不是缺乏合法性,就是缺乏制度化。而政治现代化的一个基本特征,是可以通过一定的既定制度,以和平过渡的方式完成政权的交接。这样,既可以保证可以选择到尽可能合格或者优秀的治国人才,同时也减少了人为的动荡。权力监督机制是政治稳定化的又一个重要标准。这一机制既包括横向的权力实体之间的制约,也包括纵向的权力实体之间的监督,最重要的是社会权利对各种国家权力的监督关系。健全的权力监督机制,可以增加执政的透明度,制约政治腐败和权力腐败,保障政治秩序的顺利运行。发展中国家的发展实践告诉我们,“清明”“高效”和“腐败”“无能”这两对词语往往是有固定的搭配。总之,政治稳定化是政治现代化实现的前提条件和追求的远大目标之一。 当经济全球化的浪潮席卷而来之际,任何国家的发展都已更加紧密地和整个世界息息相关,那种闭关锁国、超然世外、独善其身的时代是一去不复返了。这一时代发展的潮流在政治上的影响就是传统的国家政治正向着多元政治、国际政治的方向迈进,国家间的政治行为方式正在发生重大的变化。一个突出的特点就是对于彼此之间的争端越来越少地运用武力的方式解决,因为彼此之间的商贸联系已经十分密切,战争对双方的利益都有严重的损害,而且国际上其他的力量也不愿意看到这样的局面。另外,全球化时代的信息、物资和人员的国际流动性也大为加强,对于许多突发事件和诸如流行病预防、打击吸毒走私等国际性犯罪行为也越来越需要国家间的合作。所以采用和平外交政策,建立良好的国际环境也是政治现代化的一个重要指标。政治和平化首先要求稳定周边局势,建立睦邻友好的伙伴关系。历史上,大多数相邻的国家之间都爆发过各种各样的冲突,现实中也存在着各种实际利益的争夺。以往的战争模式、殖民地模式都是以一方击败或奴役另一方来解决争端,而现代化的政治要求各个国家之间能够本着互相体谅的精神来和平谈判,最终的目标是实现双嬴或多嬴的局面。政治和平化还要求在解决国际争端上,尽量采取和平协商的方式。这不仅要求国家无论强弱,不追求以武力来解决冲突。而且要求要加强与国际社会和世界各国的紧密合作和联系,努力融入国际社会的大家庭,参与缔结各种国际公约,学会利用国际组织的利益争端解决机制和舞台来解决彼此之间的争端。最后,政治和平化要求政府在处理国内各种事务时,也能尽量避免采取过激手段,以协商调解等柔性手段化解危机。这一方面是因为大多数危机都是非对抗性矛盾,二是因为在全球化进程日益加速的今天,国际事件和国内事件之间的差异日益淡薄,采用过激手段处理国内事务,不仅容易失去民心,而且还有可能引起国际社会的广泛关注和干预,损害政府的国家形象。中华民族是一个爱好和平的民族,我们即使在历史上比较强大的时期,也不以强凌弱,而多是以和平的方式解决同外国的纠纷。在综合国力不断增强的今天,党中央又旗帜鲜明地提出了“和平崛起”的战略构想,向全世界表明了中国人民爱好和平,永不称霸的决心。我们提出并实施了“一国两制”政策,来处理香港、澳门、台湾问题,事实证明,保障了香港、澳门的长期稳定和繁荣,为世人解决类似的遗留问题提供了成功的范例。同时,我们加强睦邻友好,坚持“与邻为善、以邻为伴”的既定方针,加强区域合作,把同周边国家的交流和合作不断推向新水平。对于各种国际争端本着互谅互让的精神进行谈判和协商,我国政府在处理与东南亚国家在南海地区的争端上所采取的“搁置主权、共同开发”的政策就是很好的例子。在国际舞台上,我们也一直是是维护世界和平和地区稳定的坚定力量。我们首倡的“和平共处五项原则”成为解决国际冲突的公认准则,得到国际社会的广泛赞誉。我们还先后举办了“博鳌亚洲论坛”、亚欧外长会议、“上海五国”元首会晤、APEC上海峰会、朝鲜问题六方论坛等国际论坛,为维护地区稳定,和平解决争端提供了良好的对话平台。所有这些都向世人表明了中国政府维护世界和平的坚定决心。 美国学者亨廷顿在他的著作《第三波一20世纪晚期的民主化》中,详细描述了20世纪70年代以来,以南欧的西班牙、葡萄牙和希腊等国家的民主化为开端,一个全球范围的民主化浪潮正在兴起。当然,在亨廷顿这里的“民主”实际上只有一种前途,就是以代议制民主和多党制为典型特征的西方式民主。尽管他的这种西方中心主义的立场并不足取,但是不可否认的是,随着经济全球化的进一步深入,在政治活动和社会生活领域的民主因素都在不断催生,民主的思想和理念在全球日益深入人心。和以往不同的是,今天的民主不仅具有理想上的号召力,还能为经济发展创造和提供更加宽松合理的生长环境,为政治一体化、结构分化、功能专门化提供更多的保障,所以也是评价政治现代化的一个重要标准。政治民主化主要可以从以下几个方面来衡量:首先是民众政治参与的广度和深度。一部政治发展史就是民众参与程度不断提高的历史。最早雅典时期,参与政治是贵族的特权,梭伦改革废除债务奴役制,使整个社会上的公民集体从此形成,这也奠定了古代民主政治的基础。但是这种民主对于外国人和广大的奴隶来说是无福消受的。到了13世纪,英国约翰国王签署了著名的《自由大 》(Magna Carta),逐步开始保障社会各个等级都享有一定的民主权利,贵族、教士和市民都能享受到一定的民主权利。第一次世界大战以后,欧美各国才普遍取消了居住限制,废除了教育资格和财产资格的附加条件,使普选权真正落实。所以,西方学者将全民参与民主选举作为衡量政治民主化程度的一条重要指标。亨廷顿就说过:评判一个20世纪的政治体制是否民主所依据的标准,是看其中最有影响力的集体决策者是否通过公平、诚实和定期的选举产生,在这种选举中候选人可以自由地竞争选票,而且基本上所有的成年人都可以参加选举。但今天我们观察一个国家的民主化程度,就不能仅仅从是否全民参与上来衡量,而要从民众的参与对于公共行政的实际影响力来比较。西方主要国家的参选人数不断下降就说明了选民对于政治制度的失望,这是传统民主竞选制度的局限。所以,今天我们一个国家公民的参政议政水平,具体可以分析以下四个方面:参与人数、参与渠道、参与层次和参与强度。人数和渠道越多,层次越高,强度越大,相对的民主化程度也越高。其次是政府行政方式的变革程度。政治民主化要求政府的行政方式实现由“命令型”向“指导型”的转变。传统社会中的政治模式是高度集权的官僚政治,官员高高在上,以行政命令的方式层层发号施令。而现代的行政理念认为政府的权力来自公民的授权,所以公民不仅是管理对象,更是政府的合作伙伴。所以要求在行政管理中要淡化权力色彩,改变传统公共行政中单一的“命令——服从”模式,广泛采用非强制性方式。使公共行政变微观管理为宏观管理,变直接管理为间接管理,变过程管理为目标管理。非强制性的行政方式主要包括行政合同与行政指导。随着社会“自我管理、自我服务、自我教育”能力的不断提高,政府把本来由自己履行的职能和职权转移给社会,政府越来越多地采取行政授权的方式将行政管理的权力下放,给社会组织、企业界、下级政府以更大的权力。这样可以充分调动基层的积极性,推动政府自身的改革,提高工作效率。再次是实行政务公开的程度。列宁说:没有公开性而谈民主制是很可笑的。政务公开是行政主体主动将有关行政信息通过合法的途径告之行政对象,使之能通过对政府公布的信息的主动选择,积极有效地参与行政活动,维护自身利益,并监督行政权力的运行和评价行政效果的过程。政务公开既是行政民主的内在要求,也是廉政建设的前提。因为政治民主化不仅是给公民以参政的权利,而是要使公民真正能够履行自己的职责,这就要求公民必须了解政府的有关信息,否则就谈不上什么监督。在实践中,可以通过建立政府门户网站、开通热线电话、定期在传媒上公布政府有关信息、重大行政决策事先公示、召开社会听政会等方式实行。我们以往总是将民主和资本主义制度联系起来,其实这是一种误解。“没有民主就没有社会主义,就没有社会主义的现代化。”[3]社会主义不仅讲民主,而且讲的是最真实、最广泛的民主。我们的人民民主的政治文明,不仅是人类政治文明史上的飞跃,更是社会主义的本质特征和优越性的集中体现。改革开放以来,我们在行政民主化方面做出了大量的努力:我们坚持和完善人民代表大会制度、共产党领导的多党合作、政治协商制度、民族区域自治制度这些基本的政治制度,团结全国各族人民共同奋斗。我们废除了领导职务终身制,进行了党政机构改革,实行了县、乡两级人民代表的直接选举,积极扩大城乡基层直接民主,推进村民自治,发展社区民主,完善以职工代表大会为基本形式的企事业单位民主管理制度。充分保障了全国人民依法享有的民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督的广泛权利。中国政府在民主化建设方面的进步世界有目共睹,美国学者鲍大可就指出,扩大政治参与通道是中国领导人为克服“文革”带来的深远的社会危机的一个努力,其中最引人注目的就是基层的选举和国家决策中的协商机制。前者是在基层选举中用直接选举代替了间接选举,而且差额选举也越来越多。后者则是指人大的作用得到很大加强,国家领导人也比较注意听取科学家、知识分子和各民主党派人士的意见。[4]但由于长期遗留的封建君主思想、计划经济形成的高度集中领导体制的影响,使得我们的行政民主化水平离政治现代化的要求相比,还有相当的距离。共产主义社会就是人自由全面发展的社会,今后我们要象重视经济建设一样重视民主建设,我们的社会就一定可以发展得更协调、更均衡。 从工业社会到信息社会,经济的发展,社会分化加速,都对政府的管理能力提出了新的要求。行政高效化也就成为政治现代化的当然标准和标志。行政高效化就是要求政府在行政过程中要有成本概念和效益意识,强化行政技能,提高行政效率,用最少的钱、最短的时间办最多最好的事。行政高效化的具体衡量可以有以下几个标准:公务员制度是否健全。在封建社会和资本主义社会早期,官僚机构中实行的是“分赃制”,根据亲属、地域、政党、派别等各种标准将公职私相授予。这样不仅破坏了政治的权威性和合法性,还严重影响行政效率,人为制造了摩擦和矛盾。政治现代化要求建立科学完善的文官制度,也就是我们所说的公务员制度。它的主要特点是:公开考试,择优录用;严格考核,按工作实绩决定升迁;定期或不定期的培训,不断提高官员的素质;由统一的人事管理机构进行管理,公务员的升迁撤免和政党及领导人的变化无关等等。行政结构是否合理。根据组织管理学的基本原理,机构的组织设计对于机构的功能绩效影响巨大。合理的行政机关组织结构,有利于科学决策以及决策的及时执行。具体涉及行政区划的大小和层级,行政单位的数目和结构等等。例如根据这一基本原理,一个国家的内阁部委应该控制在20个以下,西方发达国家一般只有15个中央机关,否则就要再增设一级专门的内部协调机构,而各部部长就无法进入决策核心,这对于提高效率是极为不利的。西方为了解决这个问题,一是设立一定的独立执行机构或执行局,二是开放一定的公共事务管理组织,让非政府的民间组织来承担一定的公共服务。这样可以在集权管理的大框架内增加一些灵活性的因素,实现“精简、高效、协调”的行政管理目标。我国的行政结构经过多次调整,和以往相比已有很大的进步。但离理想目标还有一定的距离。例如根据2003年的国务院机构改革方案,国务院组成部门除办公厅外,还有28个。行政体制是否通畅。对于提高政府效能来说,机构上的改革还只是起步,更重要的基础性工作就是具体公共事务领域的改革。如投融资体制的变革、粮食体制的变革、社会保障体制的变革、财政金融体制的变革、外贸体制的变革等。只有这些具体的行政管理领域都能做到理顺体制,做到流程科学、政令通畅、反馈及时、行动迅速,政府的管理绩效就会大大提高。行政手段是否科学。传统的行政手段是以纸质或音频媒介,采用公文、讲话、批示等方式办理,这在社会变革速度比较缓慢,信息传递并不迅速的传统社会尚能应付。但在经济全球化的今天,社会发展日新月异,国家之间联系日益紧密,必须大量采用先进的科学技术来提高我们的行政管理水平。从上世纪末开始,全球政府管理领域就掀起了利用信息技术,打造“电子政府”的热潮。利用先进的信息技术可以极大地提高信息传播的速度,减少中间层次,减少信息传播过程的变形和失真,增加决策时间,提高决策的科学性和预见性。同时,信息技术还为越来越多的公民和政府进行直接交流和及时反馈提供了可能。在政府各个部门之间、政府公共部门与社会公众之间建立起了高效的信息收集、传递与反馈的机制。
2023-07-11 21:41:051

PSP上还有什么些游戏啊?

战场女武神~就算要我努力工作~都还不错哟
2023-07-11 21:41:2210

大宪章体现了什么政治理念

英国大宪章体现了限制王权的政治理念。
2023-07-11 21:42:064

有哪些好玩的PSP上的赛车游戏?

街头赛车的经典无疑是T2的午夜海湾俱乐部.玩过那个才能知道什么叫真的街头赛车和漂移
2023-07-11 21:42:245

急求篇关于法国大革命的英文essay

THE BILL OF RIGHTS March 4, 1789 Amendment I Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a re dress of grievances. Amendment II A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. Amendment III No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. Amendment IV The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particula rly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. Amendment V No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of l aw; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. Amendment VI In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. Amendment VII In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. Amendment VIII Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Amendment IX The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. Amendment X The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.
2023-07-11 21:42:412

为什么那个时代人们不把大宪章当回事

宪章 (文件) 编辑《大宪章》(拉丁文Magna Carta, 英文Great Charter),1215年6月15日(一说1213)英王约翰被迫签署的宪法性的文件。其宗旨为保障封建贵族的政治独立与经济权益。又称《自由大宪章》或《1215大宪章》。这张书写在羊皮纸卷上的文件在历史上第一次限制了封建君主的权力,日后成为了英国君主立宪制的法律基石。《大宪章》是英国宪法的基础,创造了“法治”这一理念。时至今日,《大宪章》中的3个条款目前仍然有效,包括保证英国教会的自由,确认伦敦金融城及其他城镇的特权,以及所有人都必须有合法的审判才能被监禁。
2023-07-11 21:42:481

Please explain “Magna Carta” in English.

Great Charter,大宪章。
2023-07-11 21:43:283

《Magna Carta》txt下载在线阅读全文,求百度网盘云资源

《Magna Carta》(Prof David Carpenter)电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读资源链接:书名:《Magna Carta》作者:Prof David Carpenter译者:David Carpenter豆瓣评分:出版社:Penguin Classics出版年份:2015-1-28页数:592
2023-07-11 21:43:351

这是哪一支视觉系摇滚乐队?

AN CAFE啊……小坊TT-TT
2023-07-11 21:43:495

Beach Is Better 歌词

歌曲名:Beach Is Better歌手:Jay-Z专辑:Magna Carta Holy GrailBeach Is BetterJay-ZGet ya ass on the cellyCause I ain"t got timeTo be arguing with your assIf you ain"t really readyGirl why you never readyFor as long as you tookYou better look like Halle BerryOr Beyoncè. Shit then we getting marriedI brought sand to the beachCause my beach is betterYou can keep ya beachCause that beach whateverStarted out at The DarbyEnded up at 1 OakLeft the house with 100 grandEnded up near brokeDon"t get mad at meI"m buying bucket after bucketWhen it"s gone I"m like fuck itI replace it with another oneCan"t take this money with youBurn this shit up like I"m richerNigga"s askingIf the oven"s onhttp://music.baidu.com/song/64361879
2023-07-11 21:44:021

有关英国历史的英文介绍

BC in the Mediterranean Iberian people, BAK people, Celtic, has come to Britain. 1-5 century, south-east England, the Roman Empire. , After the withdrawal of the Romans, the Anglo people in northern Europe, Saxons, Jutes invaded and settled in succession. The 7th century the feudal system began to take shape, many small countries, and into seven kingdoms strive for hegemony over 200 years, called "Anglo - Saxon era." 829 King of Wessex love Gebert unified England. 8 end of the century the Danes were struck from 1016 to 1042 as part of the Danish Viking empire. King was later short-term rule, in 1066, Duke of Normandy crossed the sea to conquer England. In 1215 King John was forced to sign Magna Carta, kingship was inhibited. From 1338 to 1453 English law, "the Hundred Years War," the British after the defeat and win a victory. In 1588, defeated the Spanish "Armada", to establish maritime supremacy. Bourgeois revolution broke out in 1640. May 19, 1649 declared a republic. 1660 Dynasty restoration took place in 1668 "Glorious Revolution" established a constitutional monarchy. 1707 England and Scotland merged in 1801 they merged with the Irish. The latter half of the 18th century to the first half of the 19th century, becoming the world"s first industrial revolution, a complete country. 19th century was the heyday of the British Empire in 1914 the colonial possession of 111 times more than the local big was the first colonial power, claiming to be "follow the sun empire." After World War I began to decay. British in Northern Ireland was established in 1920, the county, and in 1921 to 1922 in southern Ireland, from its rule to allow the establishment of an independent country. Westminster Act, enacted in 1931, was forced to recognize its dominion in the internal affairs and foreign policy of independence, the British Empire, shaken from the colonial system. World War II, greatly weakened the economic strength and political status declined. With the 1947 India and Pakistan have independence, to 60 years, the British Empire, the collapse of the colonial system. In January 1973 to join the EC.
2023-07-11 21:44:121

《The Right Sideof History》txt下载在线阅读全文,求百度网盘云资源

《The Right Side of History》(Ben Shapiro)电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Z6SLQ7FQoy899Ymc8gAmAg 提取码: 7jvz书名:The Right Side of History作者:Ben Shapiro豆瓣评分:7.7出版社:Broadside Books出版年份:2019-3-19页数:288内容简介:America has a God-shaped hole in its heart, argues New York Times bestselling author Ben Shapiro, and we shouldn"t fill it with politics and hate.In 2016, Ben Shapiro spoke at UC Berkeley. Hundreds of police officers were required from 10 UC campuses across the state to protect his speech, which was -- ironically -- about the necessity for free speech and rational debate.He came to argue that Western Civilization is in the midst of a crisis of purpose and ideas. Our freedoms are built upon the twin notions that every human being is made in God"s image and that human beings were created with reason capable of exploring God"s world.We can thank these values for the birth of science, the dream of progress, human rights, prosperity, peace, and artistic beauty. Jerusalem and Athens built America, ended slavery, defeated the Nazis and the Communists, lifted billions from poverty and gave billions spiritual purpose. Jerusalem and Athens were the foundations of the Magna Carta and the Treaty of Westphalia; they were the foundations of Declaration of Independence, Abraham Lincoln"s Emancipation Proclamation, and Martin Luther King Jr."s Letter from Birmingham Jail.Civilizations that rejected Jerusalem and Athens have collapsed into dust. The USSR rejected Judeo-Christian values and Greek natural law, substituting a new utopian vision of “social justice” – and they starved and slaughtered tens of millions of human beings. The Nazis rejected Judeo-Christian values and Greek natural law, and they shoved children into gas chambers. Venezuela rejects Judeo-Christian values and Greek natural law, and citizens of their oil-rich nation have been reduced to eating dogs.We are in the process of abandoning Judeo-Christian values and Greek natural law, favoring instead moral subjectivism and the rule of passion. And we are watching our civilization collapse into age-old tribalism, individualistic hedonism, and moral subjectivism. We believe we can reject Judeo-Christian values and Greek natural law and satisfy ourselves with intersectionality, or scientific materialism, or progressive politics, or authoritarian governance, or nationalistic solidarity.We can"t.The West is special, and in The Right Side of History, Ben Shapiro bravely explains that it"s because too many of us have lost sight of the moral purpose that drives us each to be better, or the sacred duty to work together for the greater good, or both. A stark warning, and a call to spiritual arms, this book may be the first step in getting our civilization back on track.
2023-07-11 21:44:181

【割礼】的意思是什么?【割礼】是什么意思?

【割礼】的意思是什么?【割礼】是什么意思? 【割礼】的意思是:割礼gē lǐ犹太教对男孩施行的一种仪礼。用石刀割损 *** 包皮,以为神和人缔约的象征。 *** 教等亦行此礼。★「割礼」在《汉语大词典》第2479页 第2卷 735★「割礼」在《现代汉语词典》第437页★「割礼」在《汉语辞海》的解释参见:割礼 割礼的拼音gē lǐ 割礼是什么意思 割礼 gē lǐ犹太教对男孩施行的一种仪礼。用石刀割损 *** 包皮,以为神和人缔约的象征。 *** 教等亦行此礼。 ★「割礼」在《汉语大词典》第2479页 第2卷 735 ★「割礼」在《现代汉语词典》第437页 ★「割礼」在《汉语辞海》的解释 参见:割礼 割礼的英语单词1.female circumcision2.circumcision 用割礼造句 1.不要在迦特报告。不要在亚实基伦街上传扬。免得非利士的女子欢乐。免得未受割礼之人的女子矜夸。2.此外,禁止饮酒、赌博、吃猪肉; 男性 *** 行割礼;3.到了第八天,为婴儿举行割礼时,他们想给这孩子取名匝加利亚,与他父亲同名。4.割礼节纪念耶稣受割礼的基督教节日。与the连用5.割礼日1月1日,庆祝割礼节的日期。与the连用6.加五11至于我,弟兄们,如果我仍旧传割礼,为什么还受逼迫?若是这样,十字架这绊脚石就废去了。7.加五6因为在基督耶稣里,受割礼不受割礼,全无效力;唯独藉著爱运行的信,才有效力。8.罗2:27而且那本来未受割礼的、若能全守律法、岂不是要审判你这有仪文和割礼竟犯律法的人么。9.那时,耶和华吩咐约书亚说,你制造火石刀,第二次给以色列人行割礼。10.你们这硬著颈项,心与耳未受割礼的人,常时抗拒圣灵。你们的祖宗怎样,你们也怎样。11.你仆人曾打死狮子和熊,这未受割礼的非利士人向永生神的军队骂阵,也必像狮子和熊一般。12.然而那本来未受割礼的,若能全守律法,岂不是要审判你这有仪文和割礼竟犯律法的人吗。13.撒下1:20不要在迦特报告、要在亚实基伦街上传扬、得非利士的女子欢乐、得未受割礼之人的女子矜夸。14.受割礼算不得什么,不受割礼也算不得什么。只要守神的诫命就是了。15.书5:3约书亚就制造了火石刀、除皮山那里给以色列人行割礼。16.他儿子以实玛利受割礼的时候,年十三岁。17.他们纹身,行割礼;18.徒7:8神又赐他割礼的约.是亚伯拉罕生了以撒、八日姶他行了割礼.撒生雅各、各生十二位先祖。19.我所以行事与他们反对,把他们带到仇敌之地。那时,他们未受割礼的心若谦卑了,他们也服了罪孽的刑罚,20.这样,耶和华才放了他。西坡拉说,你因割礼就是血郎了。>
2023-07-11 21:43:091

黄晓明多少岁啊

  黄晓明今年(2017年)40岁。  黄晓明:1977年11月13日生于山东省青岛市市南区,中国内地男演员、歌手。毕业于北京电影学院表演系。1998年主演个人首部电视剧《爱情不是游戏》,开始进入演艺圈。2001年凭借古装剧《大汉天子》饰演刘彻一角而获得关注。2006年主演武侠剧《神雕侠侣》。2010年凭借《风声》获得第17届北京大学生电影节最受欢迎男演员奖。2011年凭借古装片《赵氏孤儿》获得第11届华语电影传媒大奖观众票选最受瞩目男演员奖。2016年凭借史诗片《大唐玄奘》获得第1届意大利中国电影节最佳男主角奖和第13届中国长春电影节最佳男主角奖。
2023-07-11 21:43:152

Honica是个什么样的节日?

It is actually spelled Hanukkah and it is a Jewish Holiday.Around 200 BC Jews lived as an autonomous people in the Land of Israel, also referred to as Judea, which at that time was controlled by the Seleucid king of Syria. The Jewish people paid taxes to Syria and accepted its legal authority, and they were free to follow their own faith, maintain their own jobs, and engage in trade.By 175 BC Antiochus IV Epiphanes ascended to the Seleucid throne. At first little changed, but under his reign, the Temple in Jerusalem was looted, Jews were massacred, and Judaism was effectively outlawed. In 167 BCE Antiochus ordered an altar to Zeus erected in the Temple.Many modern scholars argue that the king may have been intervening in an internal civil war between the traditionalist Jews in the country and the Hellenized elite Jews in Jerusalem. These competed violently over who would be the High Priest, with traditionalists with Hebrew/Aramaic names like Onias overthrown by Hellenizers with Greek names like Jason and Menelaus. As the conflict escalated, Antiochus took the side of the Hellenizers by prohibiting the religious practices the traditionalists had rallied around. This may explain why the king, in a total departure from Seleucid practice in all other places and times, banned the traditional religion of a whole people.[8]Antiochus" actions proved to be a major miscalculation as they provoked a large-scale revolt. Mattathias, a Jewish priest, and his five sons Jochanan, Simeon, Eleazar, Jonathan, and Judah led a rebellion against Antiochus. Judah became known as Yehuda HaMakabi ("Judah the Hammer"). By 166 BCE Mattathias had died, and Judah took his place as leader. By 165 BCE the Jewish revolt against the Seleucid monarchy was successful. The Temple was liberated and rededicated. The festival of Hanukkah was instituted by Judah Maccabee and his brothers to celebrate this event.[9] After recovering Jerusalem and the Temple, Judah ordered the Temple to be cleansed, a new altar to be built in place of the polluted one and new holy vessels to be made. According to the Talmud, olive oil was needed for the menorah in the Temple, which was required to burn throughout the night every night. But there was only enough oil to burn for one day, yet miraculously, it burned for eight days, the time needed to prepare a fresh supply of oil for the menorah. An eight day festival was declared by the Jewish sages to commemorate this miracle.Hanukkah lamp unearthed near Jerusalem, c. 1900.The version of the story in 1 Maccabees, on the other hand, states that an eight day celebration of songs and sacrifices was proclaimed upon rededication of the altar, and makes no mention of the miracle of the oil.[10] A number of historians believe that the reason for the eight day celebration was that the first Hanukkah was in effect a belated celebration of the festivals of Sukkot and Shemini Atzeret.[11] During the war the Jews were not able to celebrate Sukkot/Shemini Atzeret properly; the combined festivals also last eight days, and the Sukkot festivities featured the lighting of lamps in the Temple (Suk.v. 2-4). The historian Josephus[12] mentions the eight-day festival and its customs, but does not tell us the origin of the eight day lighting custom. Given that his audience was Hellenized Romans, perhaps his silence on the origin of the eight-day custom is due to its miraculous nature. In any event, he does report that lights were kindled in the household and the popular name of the festival was, therefore the "Festival of Lights" ("And from that time to this we celebrate this festival, and call it Lights").It has also been noted that the number eight has special significance in Jewish theology, as representing transcendence and the Jewish People"s special role in human history. Seven is the number of days of creation, that is, of completion of the material cosmos, and also of the classical planets. Eight, being one step beyond seven, represents the Infinite. Hence, the Eighth Day of the Assembly festival, mentioned above, is according to Jewish Law a festival for Jews only (unlike Sukkot, when all peoples were welcome in Jerusalem). Similarly, the rite of brit milah (circumcision), which brings a Jewish male into God"s Covenant, is performed on the eighth day. Hence, Hanukkah"s eight days (in celebration of monotheistic morality"s victory over Hellenistic humanism) have great symbolic importance for practicing Jews.累死我了~~~
2023-07-11 21:43:162

打开网站出现这样提示:service unavailable是什么原因呀?

服务器应用程序池死了,需要网站所在服务器方处理,不是你本地问题
2023-07-11 21:43:184

什么是割礼啊

你自己去亲身体会下就知道了,呵呵.世界上你去非洲,大家都可以帮你圆梦.
2023-07-11 21:43:257

Password中文是什么意思

“Password”中文是“密码”的意思。1、password音标:["pɑ:swə:d]。PASS:经过,关口,通行证的意思。WORD:字,词,消息,命令的意思。合起来PASSWORD就是通过的命令或通过的消息,标准翻译就是密码、口令的意思。2、词组:(1)accesspassword 访问口令。(2)adminpassword 管理密码。(3)choosepassword 登陆密码。(4)enterpassword 输入密码。3、例句:(1)Getsorsetstheurlofthe password recoverypage获取或设置密码恢复页的url。(2)Bazhiislikeaseriesof password八字如一组密码,每个人都有自己的一组号码。(3)whenprompted,enteranappropriate password出现提示后输入正确的密码。
2023-07-11 21:43:301

谁能帮我把下面一段话翻译成英文??

it"s a new term,im not satisfied with my result in last,i"ll try my best to make a great efforts to study in the vacation. As for love , i"ll handle appropriately.Hope:roll up and your wish come ture.
2023-07-11 21:43:303

什么是暗恋啊?

暗恋啊。。。新华词典解释:暗中爱恋(多指男女之间)= =就是没和喜欢的人明说,而又喜欢他的意思把。。。
2023-07-11 21:43:332

社保平台service unavailable什么意思

service unavailable服务不可用双语对照词典结果:service unavailable[英][u02c8su025cu02d0vu026as u02c8u028cnu0259u02c8veilu0259bl][美]["su025dvu026as u02ccu028cnu0259u02c8velu0259bu0259l]服务不可用; 以上结果来自金山词霸例句:1."Service unavailable" the website said on at least one page.-----------------------------------如有疑问欢迎追问!满意请点击右上方【选为满意回答】按钮
2023-07-11 21:43:365

古力盖 用英语怎么拼写? 知道的告诉下 谢谢

GuLiGai
2023-07-11 21:43:363

歌词 你却不理是什么歌

曲名:什么都可以《什么都可以》是由姜帆作词作曲,黄晓明演唱的一首歌曲,收录于黄晓明2007年12月10日发行的音乐专辑《It"sMing》中.歌词:雨还是下不停打醒了你的决定说要放弃放弃这段感情注定我们就在此分离你转过身离去留下我没有回应我想追去可泪模糊眼睛再给一点点勇气让我的眼泪流下去我看着自己站在茫茫人海里是在淋雨还是逃避我试着让自己放弃oh~多么熟悉我不小心遇见你回到过去我牵着你的手oh~什么都可以我愿意为你守护到天明让每个角落都有我的心这就是我想坚强的意义有那么多的生命和爱情在我的世界我只拥有你我只想给你独特的惊喜你却不理你转过身离去留下我没有回应我想追去可泪模糊眼睛再给一点点勇气让我的眼泪流下去我看着自己站在茫茫人海里是在淋雨还是逃避我试着让自己放弃oh~多么熟悉我不小心遇见你回到过去我牵着你的手oh什么都可以我愿意为你守护到天明让每个角落都有我的心这就是我想坚强的意义有那么多的生命和爱情在我的世界我只拥有你我只想给你独特的惊喜你却不理什么都可以我愿意为你守护到天明让每个角落都有我的心这就是我想坚强的意义有那么多的生命和爱情在我的世界我只拥有你我只想给你独特的惊喜你却不理我只想给你独特的惊喜你却不理
2023-07-11 21:43:402

井盖的英文怎么说?

SewerCover是下水道井盖的意思WellCover是水井的盖子,
2023-07-11 21:43:068

build.prop这个是什么?干嘛的

安卓就像是操作系统,刷机什么的就像是为手机重装个系统,相信当年大家都还记得,如果一个人会为电脑重装系统那么他肯定就是一个高手,这个定义曾经深入人心。现在安卓也出现了这样的情况,如果一个人会刷机那么他手机一定玩得很好。其实就像电脑拥有通过修改系统文件来带来特殊效果的技巧,安卓其实也有,今天小编就来为大家介绍一下,安卓进阶篇systemuild.prop可以做到什么。    通过修改systemuild.prop这个文件,可以做很多事,下面是对照解释,希望可以为大家了解安卓系统提供更多的帮助。    #beginbuildproperties(开始设置系统性能)  #autogeneratedbybuildinfo.sh(通过设置形成系统信息)  ro.build.id=GRI40(版本ID)  ro.build.display.id=GRJ22(版本号)  ro.build.version.incremental=eng.buildbot.20110619.060228(版本增量)  ro.build.version.sdk=10(sdk版本)  ro.build.version.codename=REL(版本代号)  ro.build.version.release=2.3.4(Android2.3.4系统无需修改,也可改为3.0装装B)  ro.build.date=SunJun1906:02:58UTC2011(制作者制作的时间,可修改2011年X月X日某某某制作)  ro.build.date.utc=0  ro.build.type=user  ro.build.user=buildbot  ro.build.host=bb1  ro.build.tags=test-keys  ro.product.model=HTCWildfire(HTC内部手机代号也就是手机名,改为大鸡巴)  ro.product.brand=htc_wwe(手机品牌,改为中国山寨机)  ro.product.name=htc_buzz(手机正式名称,改为小鸡巴)  ro.product.device=buzz(采用的设备,改为ChinaG8)  ro.product.board=buzz(采用的处理器,改为China800.8Ghz)  ro.product.cpu.abi=armeabi-v6j(cpu的版本)  ro.product.cpu.abi2=armeabi(cpu的品牌)  ro.product.manufacturer=HTC(手机制造商,改为中国智造)  ##############上面是扯蛋的,别乱改##############  ro.product.locale.language=en(手机默认语言,把en改为zh)  ro.product.locale.region=US(地区语言,美国毛多呀美国,干掉US改为CN)  ro.wifi.channels=(WIFI连接的渠道)  ro.board.platform=msm7k(主板平台)  #ro.build.productisobsolete;usero.product.device(旧代码ro.build.product,使用代码ro.product.device)  ro.build.product=buzz(建立产品)  #Donottrytoparsero.build.descriptionor.fingerprint(不要试图修改description和fingerprint)  ro.build.description=passion-user2.3.3GRI40102588release-keys(用户的KEY)  ro.build.fingerprint=google/passion/passion:2.3.3/GRI40/102588:user/release-keys(机身码的啥玩意)  #endbuildproperties(性能代码完毕)  #  #system.propforbuzz(系统技术支持由BUZZ提供)  #  #DensityinDPIoftheLCDofthisboard.ThisisusedtoscaletheUI(高密度的液晶的DPI板。这是用来大规模UI的)  #appropriately.Ifthispropertyisnotdefined,thedefaultvalueis160dpi.(appropriately.如果这个属性没有定义,缺省值是160dpi的分辨率)    ro.sf.lcd_density=240(显示屏分辨率,数值越大分辨率越底,240就是800*480的)    #ViewconfigurationforQVGA.(屏幕的设置)  view.fading_edge_length=8  view.touch_slop=15(触摸屏灵敏度,数值越大越灵敏)  view.minimum_fling_velocity=25(滑动速度)  view.scroll_friction=0.008(滑动误差)  #RILspecificconfiguration.(特定设置)  rild.libpath=/system/lib/libhtc_ril.so  ro.ril.ecc.HTC-WWE=999  ro.ril.ecc.HTC-ELL=92,93,94  ro.ril.enable.a52.HTC-ITA=1  ro.ril.enable.a53.HTC-ITA=1  ro.ril.enable.a52=0  ro.ril.enable.a53=1  ro.ril.vmail.23415=1571,BT  ro.ril.hsdpa.category=8(hsdpa全称HighSpeedDownlinkPacketAccess中文意思:高速下行分组接入,设置的数越大传输越快)  ro.ril.htcmaskw1.bitmask=4294967295  ro.ril.htcmaskw1=14449  ro.ril.def.agps.mode=2(打开AGPS服务支持,可改为ro.ril.def.agps.mode=0改后能省电但GPS定位速度会变慢)  ro.ril.gprsclass=12(GPRS设置)  #ForHSDPAlowthroughput(HSDPA低输量)  ro.ril.disable.power.collapse=1(关闭电源)  #ModifyMMSAPNretrytimerfrom5sto2s.(修改短信的APN设置5秒为2秒)  ro.gsm.2nd_data_retry_config=max_retries=3,2000,2000,2000  #Timebetweenscansinseconds.Keepithightominimizebatterydrain.(扫描在几秒之内,可降低用电量)  #Thisonlyaffectsthecaseinwhichtherearerememberedaccesspoints,(这个修改仅能影响此文件)  #butnoneareinrange.(但是没有一项是在范围内的)  wifi.interface=eth0(WIFI界面)  wifi.supplicant_scan_interval=45(WIFI扫描间隔时间,这里设置是45秒。把这个时间设置长点能省电)  #Mobiledatainterfaces(移动数据的接口)  mobiledata.interfaces=rmnet0,rmnet1,rmnet2  #Allowordenytethering.(允许和拒绝绑定)  ro.tether.denied=false  #Defaultnetworktype.(默认的网络类型)  #0=>WCDMAPreferred.(0=WCDMA优先)  ro.telephony.default_network=0  #EnableGoogle-specificlocationfeatures,(谷歌特定地点的设置)  #likeNetworkLocationProviderandLocationCollector.(如网络服务器提供商和服务器位置)  ro.com.google.locationfeatures=1  #TheOpenGLESAPIlevelthatisnativelysupportedbythisdevice.(开放式绘图介面)  #Thisisa16.16fixedpointnumber.(界面有16个点,16个不动点数量)  ro.opengles.version=65536(开放式绘图介面参数)  #Disablefscheckonbootbydefault.(开机时默认禁用FS检查)  sys.checkfs.fat=false  #Performancesettings.(性能设置)  dalvik.vm.execution-mode=int:jit  dalvik.vm.heapsize=24m(虚拟内存大小,可设置为16m或24m或32m或48m)  persist.sys.use_dithering=1  persist.sys.purgeable_assets=1  #IncreaseSKIAdecodememorycapabilityforprogressivejpgfile.  ro.media.dec.jpeg.memcap=20000000  #  #ADDITIONAL_BUILD_PROPERTIES(其他性能设置)  #  keyguard.no_require_sim=true(手机卡保护设置)  ro.rommanager.developerid=cyanogenmodnightly(固件管理器开发者是CM大神)  ro.url.legal=http://www.google.com/intl/%s/mobile/android/basic/phone-legal.html  ro.url.legal.android_privacy=http://www.google.com/intl/%s/mobile/android/basic/privacy.html  ro.com.google.clientidbase=android-google(谷歌客户身份)  ro.com.android.wifi-watchlist=GoogleGuest(WIFI用户名单)  ro.setupwizard.enterprise_mode=1(默认情景模式)  ro.com.android.dateformat=MM-dd-yyyy(默认时间格式,改为yyyy-MM-dd,显示效果就是XXXX年XX月XX日)  ro.com.android.dataroaming=false(漫游设置)  ro.config.ringtone=Playa.ogg(默认铃声设置,文件在/system/media/audio/ringtones把喜欢的铃声放这里,比如123.MP3放入ringtones文件夹中,这里代码改为ro.config.ringtone=123.mp3)  ro.config.notification_sound=regulus.ogg(默认提示音,文件在/system/media/audio/notifications修改方法同上)  ro.config.alarm_alert=Alarm_Beep_03.ogg(默认闹铃,文件在/system/media/audio/alarms修改方法同上)  ro.modversion=CyanogenMod-7-06192011-NIGHTLY-buzz(版本信息,改这个能让你大名出现系统关于中,改为ro.modversion=小鸡巴大神-G8版)  ro.setupwizard.mode=OPTIONAL(安装向导模式)  net.bt.name=Android(系统名称)  dalvik.vm.stack-trace-file=/data/anr/traces.txt    就像当初安卓PC系统的技巧已经普及了,现在安卓的刷机也在普及中,那么自诩为高手的你怎么能甘愿与和曾经什么都不懂的小白持有同样的技巧?高他们一筹才是高手应有的素质,那么就来深入了解一下被大家刷了又刷的安卓system吧!
2023-07-11 21:43:001

iis 本地调试 出现Service Unavailable

百度上的方法很多,你都试过了吗?下面的操作希望对你有帮助!MicrosoftInternet信息服务(IIS)6.0中没有正确地配置用于虚拟服务器的应用程序池,就可能会发生此问题。要解决此问题,按照下列步骤操作:1、验证是否已为虚拟服务器配置了应用程序池。默认的应用程序池是MSSharePointPortalAppPool。请按照下列步骤来确定虚拟服务器正在使用的应用程序池。a.单击“开始”,指向“管理工具”,然后单击“Internet信息服务(IIS)管理器”。b.展开“ServerName”,展开“Web站点”,右键单击虚拟服务器,然后单击“属性”。c.单击“主目录”选项卡。为虚拟服务器配置的应用程序池列在“应用程序池”框中。d.单击“确定”。2、验证应用程序池帐户使用的密码是否正确。IIS不会自动轮询ActiveDirectory目录服务中的密码更改。如果应用程序池帐户是一个域帐户,其密码已过期,则在为此帐户重新指定一个新密码后,您可能会收到本文“症状”部分所描述的错误信息。3、验证应用程序池帐户是服务器上的IIS_WPG组和STS_WPG组的成员。4、重新启动IIS以回收应用程序池注:如果仍然不行,很可能是你的操作系统或IIS程序有问题,建议你不用GHOST安装,直接用2003原安装盘安装系统和IIS6.0
2023-07-11 21:42:582

Password是什么意思??

password是口令,不是密码(Code)。 很多人认为口令即是密码是不对的,口令是你知道而别人不知道的,但并没有加密。例如你的银行卡的口令设置为123456,这只是你知道但别人不知道而已,密码则不同,如果你的卡永远只是你自己用,那么口令就足够了,但是如果你想用网上银行,那么银行就必须对你的口令进行加密。 例如一:如果初始的口令时123456,在交通银行的网银主页输入验证提交时,从你的计算机到银行的服务器的过程如果不加密,那么我截取之后就知道了你的口令是123456,太不安全了。 二:银行设计了一套加密规则,将每一位数字加一,则原始口令是123456,但是加密后变成了234567,如果此时我截取了,我会认为口令是234567,而不是123456(除非我知道银行是怎么加密的),银行收到了234567后,根据它自己设计的加密方式来解密,每位数字减一,则得到了原始口令123456.这个过程就是加密的。 可见如果是信息非传输性质的情况下,口令就足够了,但是如果信息必须大面积的传输共享使用,且需要有保密性,则必须加密了,比如军事电报。
2023-07-11 21:42:5510

割礼,介绍一下,详细一点,谢谢啊?

割礼circumcision指男性割包皮,女性割阴蒂或小阴唇的仪式。入社礼内容之一。割礼之俗最早起源于迦勒底人。古埃及已存在。割礼之俗分布很广。行割礼的时间依文化而异,一般在成年前或出生后几日至结婚前,由专人负责举行。其意义众说纷纭:或为牺牲,或为痛楚考验,或为结婚准备,或为净化生殖器,或为象征性生活危险,或为卫生措施,或为象征性阉割。亦有认为是表明生殖器神圣,警告不得滥交等等。黑非洲盛行女性割礼,有些人类学家认为此举在于剥夺妇女的性享受 ,使其保持永久的贞节。
2023-07-11 21:42:545

AI写作神器网站没有早点发现

AI写作神器网站没有早点发现AI帮你写文案8个写文案必备的网站ChatGPT:地表最强Al聊天机器人,它能够通过学习和理解人类的语言来进行对话,还能根据聊天的上下文进行互动,真正像人类一样来聊天交流,甚至能完成撰写邮件、视频脚本、文案、翻译、代码等任务。Notion Al:AI写作神器,比你想的更快,写的更多。提供了包括头脑风暴、博客、社交媒体、论文等十余种文字类型的写作模式。给到关键词或话题,并选择想要的写作模式,它就能生成出一篇完整的文稿。字语智能:原get智能写作。网站用Al加速写作,提供精准文章素材、10w+文章模板、智能取标题、一键智能优化等功能。好的是它的热点写作功能,直接输入热点话题,就能Al生成热点内容。秘塔写作猫:国内很热门的AI写作网站。是新一代交互式中英文写作辅助平台,帮你推敲用语、斟酌文法、改写文风,还能实时同步翻译。集智能文本纠错、改写润色、自动续写、智能配图为一体的Ai智能写作工具。句子控:句子控是一个随身摘抄本。在这里您可以随时发布、收藏和找到您喜欢的句子,句子控汇集众多名人名言、经典名句、电影台词和歌词。文案狗:只要你给出一个关键字,它就能生成很多带有这个字的谐音文字,像成语类,诗词类、俗语类文案等。玩文案“谐音梗”的话,用这个就对了。反向词典:AI智能同义词搜索工具,根据输入的词语或者自己想表达的意思,找到相近合适的词语,解决你词穷语言能力贫乏的问题。据意查句:网站可以根据你所描述的句子找到对应的金句名言、古诗歇后语,个人最喜欢的是综艺这个小类,收录综艺节目说出的热门语录,更平易近人。
2023-07-11 21:42:521

翻译两段文字为英文

The problem of domestic violence in the event takes place every day every day going over the newspapers always will see the different forms of domestic violence reported. Acts of violence may take the form of human harm including physical abuse sexual violence psychological abuse and so on. In fact in addition to the physical and psychological harm on the far-reaching implications. Therefore spouse abuse child abuse and elder abuse issues such as domestic violence we really can not be ignored. Regardless of any person violations of the use of violence to others are wrong both these acts affect the munity's health but also social and economic pay a heavy price. I mean not only a healthy life and there is no physical pain in fact spiritual and social ects of health are equally important. Battering as an example to children abused children will often fight insomnia nigares low self-image self-esteem is damaged often isolate themselves and even to resist contact with *** s. When they grow up there will be a tendency to abuse others. This growth of children with very far-reaching consequences. In fact children may not be able to grow up normally into society. Agreed with "byc8111". Seems all of the above trlation are not well enough. Seemed proper word of 家庭暴力问题 should be: Family abusing problems...... Problems of Domestic Violence happens everyday. When you read the newspaper you will read the various forms of domestic violence reports. Violent acts can harm the person in many different ways including physical sexual mental torture e Furthermore it has remote damages to one"s mindset. Therefore we cannot neglect those cases of torturing spouse children and the eldery. Usage of violence to attack the others is wrongful which will affect the image of the entire society and it will pay a hefty price on the economy and the society. A healthy life is not only one doesn"t have any physical illness actually the mentality and socializing are equally important. Take torturing children as an example the tortured child will suffer from insomnia nigares lack of self-esteem and damage of self-dignity. Because of these sufferings they will isolate themselves and keep away from other *** s. And they will have a tendency to torture the others when they grow up. This will have significant effects on the growth of the children. Actually they cannot be assimilated into the society appropriately when they grow up. The problem of domestic violence in the event takes place every day every day going over the newspapers always will see the different forms of domestic violence reported. Acts of violence may take the form of human harm including physical abuse sexual violence psychological abuse and so on. In fact in addition to the physical and psychological harm on the far-reaching implications. Therefore spouse abuse child abuse and elder abuse issues such as domestic violence we really can not be ignored. Regardless of any person violations of the use of violence to others are wrong both these acts affect the munity"s health but also social and economic pay a heavy price. I mean not only a healthy life and there is no physical pain in fact spiritual and social ects of health are equally important. Battering as an example to children abused children will often fight insomnia nigares low self-image self-esteem is damaged often isolate themselves and even to resist contact with *** s. When they grow up there will be a tendency to abuse others. This growth of children with very far-reaching consequences. In fact children may not be able to grow up normally into society. 希望帮到你!!!!!!!!!!! 参考: name.longwin/trlate
2023-07-11 21:42:511

getahighfever用中文翻译

发高烧
2023-07-11 21:42:511

HTTP Error 503. The service is unavailable,如何解决?

HTTP Error 503. The service is unavailable这是站点放置的服务器有问题。网站在打开的时候,出现“Service Unavailable”的提示,由于使用的服务器的系统是Windows 2003,此系统在系统资源不足的时候,并不会像Windows 2000系统那样,提示“同时在线人数过多,而是提示“Service Unavailable”。 出现“Service Unavailable”的提示,一般,系统会在30秒内重启IIS,释放进程,一般,在60秒内能够恢复正常。大家遇到“Service Unavailable”的提示后,一般刷新2~3次就可以正常访问。如果你可以自己控制服务器,你可以重启IIS,不行的话把IIS重装下应该就可以了的。
2023-07-11 21:42:501

哪位帮我翻译一下三个科室牌的名字?

strong-electric weak-electriccheck and repair
2023-07-11 21:42:465