南yi-
Two life-saving medicines
This
article
will
focus
on
two
medicines
that
have
changed
people
"
s
lives.
If
you
open
up
any
medicine cupboard in the world, there is a high probability that you will find aspirin and penicillin.
Both of these medicines have saved millions of people
"
s lives since they were invented.
ASPIRIN
The date that aspirin was invented is given by medical historians as 1897, but in fact, 3,500 years
ago, some recipes recommended drinking a tea made from the dried leaves of a particular plant
to
reduce
body
pains.
About
2,500
years
ago,
the
Greek
physician
Hippocrates,
father
of
all
doctors,
made
a
juice
from
the
bark
of
a
kind
of
tree
to
reduce
fever
and
pain.
The
active
chemical in this juice (salicylic acid) helped stop the pain. It was in 1897 that a European chemist
called
Dr
Felix
Hoffmann
produced
a
acetylsalicylic
acid
(ASA)
from
some
other
chemicals
to
make
a
medicine
for
his
father.
The
first
trials
of
this
medicine
took
place
in
1899
when
the
company Hoffmann worked for began giving the medicine in powder form to physicians to use
with patients. A year of ASA. This is one of the first medicines in the world ever to be sold as a
standardized tablet. In 1950, aspirin appeared in the Guinness Book of Records as the best-selling
painkiller.
Not only has aspirin saved many people
"
s lives by reducing fever and helping stop pain, but there
are also other things that aspirin can help with. Lawrence Craven, a doctor from the USA, is the
author of several published reports, one of which introduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin could
reduce
the
risk of heart attacks by thinning blood, The
report
was ignored. However, in 1971, Smith and Willis from the UK proved that aspirin was a blood-thinning medicine, and in 1977 ,a
study carried out in the USA showed that the
chemical ASA in aspirin could prevent a stroke,
which is a type of serious illness when bold vessels in the brain burst suddenly or are blocked.
Elven years later, Dr Thun from the USA showed that ASa could reduce the risk of colon cancer by
40 per cent. In 1999, aspirin was 100 ears old and yet there have been more discoveries on how
it can help increase the length of people
"
s lives. in 2003, a Chinese doctor, Dr Yuan Minsheng,
found that ASA could reduce blood sugar levels and , therefore, help people with diabetes.
PENICILLIN Another drug that has helped increase the standard of peoples health is penicillin. This bacteriakilling medicine is considered by many to be one of the most important medicines in contemporary society. It was discovered by a Scottish scientist named Alexander Fleming in 1928.
He noted that mould had grown on a special transparent jelly that had bacteria on it. He saw that
the cells of the bacteria were clear, which meant that they were dead and that the mould had
killed them. Fleming tried this mould out on another bacterium and found that I t killed thebacterium too. He immediately thought that this application might help in treating wounds and illnesses caused by bacteria. He named the chemical found in the mould penicilllin and tried to make it pure to be a medician, but was unable to do that. Fleming did not give up. However, it
was not until World WarⅡthat two other scientist, Howard
个救命的药物
This
这
article
第
will
将
focus
集中注意力
on
在
two
两
medicines
药物
that
那
have
有
changed
改变
people
的人
"
"
s
S
lives.
的生活。
If
如果
you
你
open
正常开放
up
起来
any
任何
medicine cupboard in the world, there is a high probability that you will find aspirin and penicillin.
在世界药品柜，你很有可能会发现阿司匹林和青霉素。
Both of these medicines have saved millions of people
这两种药物挽救了数百万计的人
"
"
s lives since they were invented.
因为他们发明的生活。
ASPIRIN
阿司匹林
The date that aspirin was invented is given by medical historians as 1897, but in fact, 3,500 years
阿司匹林的发明日期是由医学历史学家为1897，但事实上，3500年
ago, some recipes recommended drinking a tea made from the dried leaves of a particular plant
以前，有些食谱推荐饮用茶由特殊植物的干叶
to
对
reduce
减少
body
体
pains.
的痛苦。
About
关于
2,500
2500
years
年
ago,
以前。
the
的
Greek
希腊
physician
医生
Hippocrates,
希波克拉底，
father
父亲
of
的
all
所有的
doctors,
医生。
made
使
a
一个
juice
果汁
from
从
the
的
bark
树皮
of
的
a
一个
kind
种
of
的
tree
树
to
对
reduce
减少
fever
发烧
and
和
pain.
疼痛。
The
的
active
活跃的
chemical in this juice (salicylic acid) helped stop the pain. It was in 1897 that a European chemist
在这汁化学（水杨酸）能止痛。这是1897个欧洲化学家
called
被称为
Dr
博士
Felix
费利克斯
Hoffmann
霍夫曼
produced
生产的
a
一个
acetylsalicylic
乙酰水杨酸
acid
酸
(ASA)
（ASA）
from
从
some
一些
other
其他的
chemicals
化学品
to
对
make
使
a
一个
medicine
医学
for
为
his
他的
father.
父亲。
The
的
first
首先
trials
试验
of
的
this
这
medicine
医学
took
带
place
的地方
in
在
1899
1899
when
什么时候
the
的
company Hoffmann worked for began giving the medicine in powder form to physicians to use
霍夫曼所在的公司开始给药以粉末形式的医生使用
with patients. A year of ASA. This is one of the first medicines in the world ever to be sold as a
患者。一年的ASA。这是曾经被卖掉作为世界第一的药品之一
standardized tablet. In 1950, aspirin appeared in the Guinness Book of Records as the best-selling
标准片。1950，阿司匹林出现在爱尔兰啤酒纪录的最畅销的
painkiller.
止痛药。
Not only has aspirin saved many people
阿司匹林不仅拯救了许多人
"
"
s lives by reducing fever and helping stop pain, but there
生命因退烧止痛，但
are also other things that aspirin can help with. Lawrence Craven, a doctor from the USA, is the
还有其他的东西，阿司匹林可以帮助。劳伦斯卡文，来自美国的医生，是的
author of several published reports, one of which introduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin could
好几篇报告的作者，其中介绍了1953，阿司匹林
reduce
减少
the
的
risk
风险
of
的
heart
心
attacks
攻击
by
通过
thinning
稀疏的
blood,
血，
The
的
report
报告
was
是
ignored.
忽视的。
However,
不过，
in
在
1971,
1971。
Smith and Willis from the UK proved that aspirin was a blood-thinning medicine, and in 1977 ,a
史密斯和来自英国的威利斯证明了阿司匹林是一种血液稀释药物，并在1977，一个
study
书房
carried
携带
out
出
in
在
the
的
USA
美国
showed
显示
that
那
the
的
chemical
化工
ASA
ASA
in
在
aspirin
阿司匹林
could
可能
prevent
防止
a
一个
stroke,
中风，
which is a type of serious illness when bold vessels in the brain burst suddenly or are blocked.
这是一种严重的疾病的时候，大胆的在大脑中的血管突然破裂或阻塞。
Elven years later, Dr Thun from the USA showed that ASa could reduce the risk of colon cancer by
十一年后，图恩博士从美国表明阿司匹林可以降低结肠癌的风险
40 per cent. In 1999, aspirin was 100 ears old and yet there have been more discoveries on how
40每一分。1999，阿司匹林100耳，老，但已经有多少更多的发现
it can help increase the length of people
它可以帮助提高人们的长度
"
"
s lives. in 2003, a Chinese doctor, Dr Yuan Minsheng,
的生活。2003，一个中国医生，袁博士民生，
found that ASA could reduce blood sugar levels and , therefore, help people with diabetes.
发现阿司匹林能降低血糖水平，因此，帮助糖尿病患者。
PENICILLIN
青霉素
Another
另一个
drug
药物
that
那
has
有
helped
救命啊
increase
增加
the
的
standard
标准
of
的
people
的人
"
"
s
S
health
健康
is
是
penicillin.
青霉素。
This
这
bacteria-killing
杀死细菌
medicine
医学
is considered by
被认为是
many
许多
to
对
be one
是一个
of
的
the
的
most
大多数
important medicines
重要的药物
in
在
contemporary society. It was discovered by a Scottish scientist named Alexander Fleming in 1928.
当代社会。它是由苏格兰科学家在1928名为亚力山大弗莱明发现。
He noted that mould had grown on a special transparent jelly that had bacteria on it. He saw that
他指出，模具在一个特殊的透明果冻，细菌生长。他看见
the cells of the bacteria were clear, which meant that they were dead and that the mould had
细菌的细胞清除，这意味着他们死去，模具
killed
杀了
them.
他们。
Fleming
弗莱明
tried
尝试
this
这
mould
模具
out
出
on
在
another
另一个
bacterium
细菌
and
和
found
发现
that
那
I
我
t
T
killed
杀了
the
的
bacterium too. He immediately thought that this application might help in treating wounds and
细菌太。他立刻想到，这可能有助于治疗伤口和应用
illnesses caused by bacteria. He named the chemical found in the mould
由细菌引起的疾病。他叫化学在模具中发现
‘
"
penicilllin
青霉素
"
"
and tried to
试图
make it pure to be a medician, but was unable to do that. Fleming did not give up. However, it
让它纯粹是一个药物，但未能如愿。弗莱明没有放弃。然而，它
was not until World War
直到世界大战
Ⅱ
Ⅱ
that two other scientist, Howard
另外两位科学家，霍华德
马老四-
Two life-saving medicine
两救命药