Electric Light Orchestra的《Confusion》 歌词

结论

可数

　　conclusion表示结论; 结局; 断定的意思，那么你知道conclusion的短语有哪些吗?接下来我为大家整理了conclusion的短语搭配，希望对你有帮助哦! 　　conclusion的短语： 　　in conclusion 　　1. 最后;总之，总而言之;综上所述 　　总之，市场正日趋成熟这一点十分清楚。 　　in conclusion, it is clear that the market is maturing. 　　jump (或 leap) to conclusions 　　1. 遽下结论，贸然断言 　　try conclusions with 　　1. (正式)与u2026一比高低;与u2026一决胜负 　　例句： 　　1. It"s almost a foregone conclusion that you"ll get what you want. 　　你将得到你想要的，这几乎是确定无疑的。 　　2. They are hopeful of bringing the siege to a peaceful conclusion. 　　他们希望能和平结束这次围困。 　　3. Most voters believe the result is a foregone conclusion. 　　多数投票者认为这个结果是意料之中的。 　　4. The judge"s conclusion was plainly wrong. 　　法官的结论明摆着是错的。 　　5. My reflections brought forth no conclusion. 　　我的思考没有得出结论。 　　6. The championship result was almost a foregone conclusion. 　　锦标赛的结果差不多在意料之中。 　　7. I"ve come to the conclusion that he"s not the right person for the job. 　　我断定他不适合做这项工作。 　　8. This leads to the inescapable conclusion that the two things are connected. 　　这就必然得出一个结论：这两件事互有关联。 　　9. a soundly based conclusion 　　有充分依据的结论 　　10. I found the conclusion of his book very interesting. 　　我觉得他这本书的结尾很有趣. 　　11. He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation. 　　他根据自己的调查研究作出结论. 　　12. In conclusion she wished her comrades every success in their work. 　　最后她祝同志们工作顺利. 　　13. After much discussion we came at a conclusion satisfactory to all. 　　经过充分讨论,我们得出了大家都很满意的结论. 　　14. Some people jumped rashly to the conclusion that something must be wrong. 　　有些人轻率地得出结论说一定是出了什么问题. 　　15. No conclusion should be drawn before all the facts are buttoned down. 　　所有事实弄清以前,不应该下任何结论.

resultn.结果; （尤指足球比赛的）胜利; [体]比分; 成功实现的事vi.发生，产生; 归结为，导致; 后果，终结; 由…而造成[产生]conclusionn.结论; 结局; 断定，决定; 推论result：侧重因某种原因所产生的最终结果，而不是眼前的结果。conclusion：强调仔细思考做出的推论或结论，或者某事的结局。

conclusion

1、conclusion英[ku0259nu02c8kluu02d0u0292n]美[ku0259nu02c8kluu02d0u0292n]，n.结论; 推论; 结束; 结果; 结尾; 结局; 签订; 达成; 缔结。 2、[例句]These conclusions cannot be generalized to the whole country.这些结论不可能推及全国。

你好!own conclusions自己的结论

results是结果、成绩discussion 是讨论conclusions是结论，总结

　　李阳的疯狂英语众所周知，现在英语越来越重要。国家也在英语方面进行了不少改革，我在这里预祝大家能摆脱哑巴英语，开口就能流利地说出一口流利的英语。下面就由我为大家带来英语短语集锦，大家生活中可以多用几遍，练一练语感。 　　关于结论的相关短语 　　研究结论 research results 　　作结论 draw a conclusion 　　检验结论Testing conclusions 　　逻辑结论 logical consequence 　　作出结论 come to a conclusion 　　诉讼结论 closing argument 　　考核结论 Examination Conclusion 　　评定结论 assessment conclusion 　　关于结论的相关例句 　　1. He based his conclusions on the evidence given by the captured prisoners. 　　他根据被俘囚犯提供的证据得出了这个结论。 　　2. The scientists involved put different weight on the conclusions of different models. 　　相关科学家对不同模型的结论给予不同的权重。 　　3. Several conclusions could be drawn from the results described above. 　　从上文描述的结果中可以得出几个结论。 　　4. The inquest will bring in a verdict of suicide. 　　这次审讯将得出自杀的结论。 　　5. The doctor"s verdict was that he was entirely healthy. 　　医生的结论是他完全健康。 　　6. Brecht"s verdict was that his screenplay had been mutilated. 　　布雷赫特的结论是他的电影剧本已被窜改。 　　7. The commission"s conclusions sweep away a decade of denials and cover-ups. 　　委员会的结论将十年来的否认和掩饰无情地揭开。 　　8. The judge"s conclusion was plainly wrong. 　　法官的结论明摆着是错的。 　　9. They came to conclusions diametrically opposed to ours. 　　他们得出了与我们完全相反的结论。 　　10. My reflections brought forth no conclusion. 　　我的思考没有得出结论。 　　11. So what can we conclude from this debate? 　　那么从这场辩论中我们能得出什么结论? 　　12. Forgive me. I shouldn"t be jumping to conclusions. 　　原谅我，我不该草率地下结论。 　　13. The city, he concluded, had overdosed on design. 　　他的结论是这座城市过分重视规划设计了。 　　14. "But it"ll not happen," she concluded pessimistically. 　　“但那是不会发生的。”她悲观地下了结论。 　　15. The coroner recorded a verdict of acci-dental death. 　　验尸官作出了意外死亡的结论。 　　关于结论的双语例句 　　他未做认真的调查就仓促做出了结论。 　　He jumped to a conclusion without careful investigation. 　　但愿他会有一结论。 　　I wish he would arrive at some conclusion. 　　你得出了什么结论? 　　What conclusion did you come to? 　　你的报告结果是错误的结论。 　　The result of your report is an erroneous conclusion. 　　你的信息不准确，所以你的结论是错误的。 　　Your information is inaccurate and your conclusion is therefore wrong. 　　结论由此类分析获取的结论 　　The conclusion reached by such analysis. 　　我们得出结论，她讲的是真话。 我们得出结论，她讲的是真话。 　　We came to the conclusion that she was telling the truth. 　　这些结论推广了近期文献的相关结论。 　　Our results generalize the corresponding results in recent literature. 　　该结论与常规吸入法所得结论一致。 　　The result is very closely to that by the normal imbibition method.

过早下结论；匆匆地作出结论

1.preface 2. background 3.th situation on the current study and development 4. the methods of study 5. conclusion 6.reference 7.express one"s thanks to 8.catalogue

你好!得出如下结论The following conclusions are drawn

作者：Jeremy Harmer 简介： An introduction to the practice of English language teaching How to Teach English is for teachers at an early stage in their careers and for teachers preparing for examinations such as The Certificate in English Language Teaching to Adults or The Certificate in TESOL. This book gives clear examples and explanations of current teaching practice which teachers can put into immediate use. How to Teach English offers: ideas on what makes a good teacher and what makes a good learner descriptions and examples of language teaching methods. and a new model of good leaching practice-the "ESA"model an essential introduction to grammar teaching sequences for grammar, vocabulary, and the individual language skills ideas on the exploitation of textbooks and the planning of lessons a "What if?" review of common problems in the classroom a Task File of photocopiable training tasks appendices on equipment, further reading and phonetic symbols Jeremy Harmer is the author of the highly acclaimed and ever popular The Practice of English Language Teaching. 目录： Preface by Halliday Acknowledgements Introdction 1 How to be a good teacher What makes a good teacher? How should teachers talk to stueents? How should teachers give instructions Who should talk in class? What are the best kinds of lesson? How important is it to follow a pre-arranged plan? Conclusions Looking ahead 2 How to be a good learner Why is it difficult to describe a good learner? How imprrtant is the students"motivation? Who is responsible for learning? What is reponsible for learning? What"s special about teaching adults? How shoule we teach the sifferent levels? Conclusions Looking ahead 3 How to manage teaching and learnign How should teachers use their physical presence in class? How Should teachers use their voices in class? How SHould teachers mark the stages of a lesson? What different student groupings can teachers use? How can teachers evaluate the success or failure of their Lessons? Conclusions Looking ahead 4 How to descridb learnign and teaching 5 How to describe language 6 How to teach laguage 7 How to teach teading 8 How to teach writing 9 How to teach speaking 10 How to teach listening Conclusions Looking ahead 共济考研网考试用书

例6 　　One of the most important weapons used during the Second World War was not a weapon used against people, but rather a drug used against disease. The wartime use of penicillin（青霉素）saved thousands of lives. In the First World War, for example, pneumonia （肺炎）was responsible for 18% of all the deaths in the United States army. In the Second World War, the rate went down to less than 1%. In addition, penicillin was helpful in keeping wounds from getting infected and in helping to speed the healing process of those wounds that did become infected. 　　Q: What was the pneumonia death rate of all the deaths in the United States army during the Second World War? 　　A) About 18%. 　　B) No more than 1%. 　　C) 1%. 　　D) About 17%. 　　该段短文中句子的逻辑功能可划分如下：第一句为主题引介句。第二句“在战时使用青霉素挽救了几千条人命”，应为主题句。余下三句为支撑主题的陈述细节的句子： 　　承接语for example提示，第三句为例解性的细节；第四句具有与之对比的含义，可视为同一细节；in addition是增补性的承接语，提示第五句为另一个细节。 　　显然，答案为B），二战其间美军中死于肺炎的人“不到百分之一”，选项用了”no more than ”，等同于原文的“less than”。 　　3.1.3 区分事实和看法(Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions) 　　事实是直接陈述的客观事实，而看法则分为作者明说的看法或暗指的意思两种。 　　例 7 　　I remember thinking there was something absurdly melodramatic about screaming “Help, help!” at eight on a Tuesday evening in December and changing my plea to the more specific “Help, let me in, please let me in!” But the houses were cold, closed, unfriendly, and I ran on until I heard Jeremy"s screams behind me announcing that our attackers had fled. 　　The neighbors who had not opened their doors to us came out with baseball bats and helped Jeremy find his glasses and keys. In a group they were very brave. We waited for the cops to come until someone said to someone else that the noodles were getting cold, and I said politely, “Please go and eat. We"re O.K.” 　　I was happy to see them go. ------- 　　这两段短文选自上外教出版社出版的《大学英语精读》第二册第七课《全靠运气》。 　　文中讲到作者某夜在住所附近遇到持枪歹徒，大声呼救，而邻居们却装聋作哑。待作者侥幸逃脱，歹徒亦逃去无踪后，邻居们才装模作样出来“帮忙”。 　　第一段中的“The houses were --- closed,” 是事实，而“The houses were cold, --- unfriendly,” 是作者的观点。第二段的第一句“The neighbors who had not opened their doors to us came out with baseball bats---”是事实，而“In a group they were very brave.”是作者的观点。还有，第二段的“--- someone said to someone else that the noodles were getting cold,” 也是事实，而第三段的“I was happy to see them go.”是作者的观点。当然，这里指出的都是作者直白的观点，而作者隐含的观点是：邻居们既懦弱、自私、和冷漠，又十分虚伪。 　　3.1.4 进行推论(Making Inferences) 　　在理解阅读材料的主旨大意及抓住其重要细节时，还需具备获得文章或句子所表达的隐含信息的能力，对所读内容进行一定的引申和推理。往往可以从作者带有感情色彩的语气、措辞等文体特征推断出作者的观点、态度、写作目的、文章风格和基调。 　　例8 　　Worldwide fame burst upon Albert Einstein on November 7, 1919, when British astronomers announced they found the first confirmation of Einstein"s general relativity theory. Einstein had already become known in scientific circles because of his two astonishing theories: the special theory of relativity, published in 1905 when he was only 26 and a minor clerk in the Swiss patent（专利）office, and the general theory of relativity, advanced between 1913 and 1915. He was considered so brilliant by other scientists that in 1914 he was invited to join the famous Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences and to become head of the research branch at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute. He accepted the offer and moved to Berlin. 　　Q: It can be inferred from the passage that the author ________. 　　A) is critical about Einstein 　　B) is indifferent to Einstein"s achievement 　　C) doesn"t think highly of Einstein 　　D) praises Einstein highly 　　本文简略地记叙了爱因斯坦获得学术成就和声望的经历。尽管短文没有直接陈述作者对爱因斯坦的评论，但从某些记叙的措辞中仍可窥见作者对爱因斯坦的称颂，如Worldwide fame burst upon---（---声震全球），--- so brilliant--- that---（---才华横溢---以致）等。由此可知，答案应为D），作者“高度评价爱因斯坦”。其余三项均不合作者的态度。 　　3.1.5 作结论(Drawing Conclusions) 　　要根据上下文的逻辑关系，有理有据地推断结论。结论应基于文章中的事实和证据， 　　而不是基于读者自己的观点和喜好。

all in all, in conclusion,

"Never jump to conclusions"是指不要轻易地从表面现象或部分信息就下定论，而是要多方面考虑和获取信息，避免出现错误的决策和评价。对于我们的学习生活来说，这个准则也非常重要。在学习过程中，不要快速得出结论，而是应该从多个方面了解所学内容，设立疑问和探究答案，不断加强自己的学术素养和创造性思维能力。这样才能更加全面、深入地理解所学内容，并将其应用于实践中，取得更高的成就和更好的未来。

come to theconclusion来表示。但要表达出太快得出结论、并且这个结论不是太正确，也就是“武断”，也会用到conclusion这个词，我们用jumpto conclusions 来形容。其实只要想想“一脚跳到结论里”这个字面意思，是不是也有“武断”这种感觉呢!下面我们来练习一下用法吧："I accidentally blamed my mom for breaking my phone. I shouldn"thave jumped to conclusions, because my dad just told me he brokeit."(我不小心怪到我妈头上，说她弄坏了我手机。真不该这么早下结论的, 因为我爸刚告诉我是他弄坏的。)"I thought you took my book but i found it in my bag. I shouldn"thave accused you. I jumped to conclusions."(我以为你拿了我的书，但我又在自己包包里找到了。我不该这么怪你的，太武断了)下面照例来个小对话吧：Steve: "I"m so mad at my cousin. I think he told my girlfriend that I was on a date with another girl the other day."

概述常用的文体有描述类与信息类两种。描述类概括论文的信息，包括目地、方式及报告、文章等所涉及范围，通常不提及结果、结论或建议，篇幅也常比信息类短，一般在百字以下；其目的在於向读者介绍文章主题，至於目的、方式目地、方式及报告、文章等所涉及范围，自会在正文中讲到；信息类概述多包括文章信息点，包括目地、方式及报告、文章等所涉及范围，字数同样较少，但不会短於描述类，依所概括文章篇幅不同，短可至一段，长则至一两页，但绝不会长於原文的一成，其目的在於供读者决定是否阅读全文章。

conclusions[英][ku0259nk"lu:u0292nz][美][ku0259nk"lu:u0292nz]n.结束( conclusion的名词复数 ); 结论; 推论; 签订; 例句:1.Five broad conclusions can be drawn. 由此可以概括出五个结论。2.Notes the response and attempts to draw conclusions. 然后记录他们的回答，并试图从中得出推论

问题一：结论用英语怎么说？ conclusion结论、 问题二：得出结论用英语怎么说 不确定就换个。e to a conclusion`` make a result`` draw a conclusion ``reach a decision 。那个是不行的 问题三："得出结论"用英语怎么说 [得出结论] 释义:[法] arrival at a conclusion； e to a dicision ； 双语例句 1. My reflections brought forth no conclusion. 我的思考没有得出结论。 2. Some people jumped rashly to the conclusion that something must be wrong. 有些人轻率地得出结论说一定是出了什么问题. 3. He came to the conclusion at one jump. 他一下子就得出结论. 问题四：论文中的结论用词"综合上述"用英语该怎么讲 您好 有多种表达形式 比如 above all in conclusion等 问题五：通过以上三段的分析得出了什么结论用英语怎么说 What conclusions are drawn from the *** ysis of the above three sections 通过以上三段的分析得出了什么结论 问题六：总结用英语怎么说 (分析研究经验做出结论) sum up；summarize 总结工作 summarize one"s work (概括出来的结论) summary；summing up 作总结 make a summary 对的，光是标题就用summary 问题七：“得出结论”用英语怎么说 draw a conclusion that:得出结论 on the conclusion that:结论是 e to a conclusion that:达成一致 问题八：“本论”用英文怎么说？ 10分 答案： 绪论: Preface或Introduction 本论：Principal Argument 结论：Conclusion 问题九：结论用英语怎么说？ conclusion结论、 问题十："得出结论"用英语怎么说 [得出结论] 释义:[法] arrival at a conclusion； e to a dicision ； 双语例句 1. My reflections brought forth no conclusion. 我的思考没有得出结论。 2. Some people jumped rashly to the conclusion that something must be wrong. 有些人轻率地得出结论说一定是出了什么问题. 3. He came to the conclusion at one jump. 他一下子就得出结论.

现在还找不到，国外的音乐网站也不得行，在等等吧

conclusion是可数的,如果是任务型阅读得到多个结论的,可以用conclusions.

没看到加s的

conclusionresultyielddecisionverdictjudgementfinding

endingKK: []DJ: []n.[C]1. (故事等的)结局,结尾;终结The story has a surprise ending.这个故事的结尾出人意料。2. 【语】字尾conclusionKK: []DJ: []n.1. 结论;推论;决定[C][+that]They drew different conclusions from the facts.他们从这些事实中引出了不同的结论。2. 结尾,结局[C]3. 终结,结束[U][S]The debate did not come to a conclusion until midnight.辩论直到午夜才结束。4. (条约等的)缔结;(买卖等的)议定[U][(+of)]The conclusion of this agreement is in the interests of both sides.签订这份合同对双方都有好处。

是不一定用复数

, 15. GET A SECOND WIND ,Have a sudden burst of energy after being tired.,疲劳过后，恢复能量。,I was exhausted after the 10th mile of running, but I got a second wind after I saw the sign for the final lap., , 16. GIVE (SOMETHING) ONE"S BEST SHOT ,To try your absolute hardest to succeed.,尽最大努力获得成功。,Don"t think about whether you will win or lose, just give it your best shot ., , N SAILING ,A straightforward or simple task that has no problems, and is very easy to plete.,毫无难度的任务，容易完成的任务。,I don"t ever want to change my job. It"s just plain sailing and I get paid a lot for it！, , 18. IN A LEAGUE OF ONE"S OWN ,Someone who is much better than the rest.,某人优于他人。,Most of the applicants were quite strong; they all seemed to have some good qualities, but Charlie Brown was in a league of his own ., , 19. JUMP OFF THE DEEP END ,To take immediate and drastic action.,采取果断行动。,I"ve decided to jump off the deep end and quit my job. I want to pletely change my life and travel the world., , 20. JUMP THROUGH HOOPS ,To go to extreme lengths to get something done, or to please someone.,不惜采取极端行动完成某事或取悦某人。,Hazel jumped through hoops for her ex-boyfriend, but he didn"t appreciate her efforts enough., , 21. TO JUMP OUT OF ONE"S SKIN ,To be badly frightened.,吓坏了。,I nearly jumped out of my skin when I saw a man standing by the window!, , AT SOMETHING (A CHANCE OR OPPORTUNITY) ,To seize the opportunity to do something.,抓住时机做某事。,I jumped at the chance to do an internship placement with Google., , 23. JUMP TO CONCLUSIONS ,To make an assumption without considering all the facts.,未全面考虑做出假设。,No, that"s not the reason why I was there. You"re just jumping to conclusions because you saw me with Helen!, , 24. HIT IT OUT OF THE PARK ,To have enormous success.,取得辉煌成绩。,Rob has really hit it out of the park with his new entrepreneurial idea!, , 25. STAY AHEAD OF THE GAME ,To be leaders in a particular field/business environment.,在特定领域/商圈摇摇领先。,You have to stay ahead of the game if you want to be successful in the media business., , 26. A TWO HORSE RACE / NECK AND NECK ,A close contest beeen o groups/panies.,两组/两家公司竞争激烈，不分上下。,It was a o horse race /neck and neck beeen the o enterprises for quite some time., , 27. APPROACHING THE FINISH LINE / THE HOME STRETCH ,Getting quite close to the end.,即将结束。,We"ve almost done it, we"re approaching the finish line now. You can"t give up at this stage!, , 28. JUMP OFF THE SHELVES ,To sell really well, a popular product.,销路好，受欢迎的产品。,Those homemade pies are jumping off the shelves ; we"ll have to make some more!,声明：本双语文章的中文翻译系原创内容，转载请注明出处。中文翻译仅代表译者个人观点，仅供参考。如有不妥之处，欢迎指正。

Begin the conclusion with a topic sentence that summarizes your paper.The topic sentence should be catchy and brief but should also relate to the reader what the essay has been about.The point of the conclusion is to remind the reader of your topic,and the topic sentence will frame this paragraph.

美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文(含毕业论文)等。研究生presentation 及 seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。 美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。 通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成;而这三大部分各自内容如下： (一) 篇首： 封面(Title) 序言(Preface) 谢词(Acknowledge) 提要(Summary) 目录(Tables and Appendixes) (二) 本文： 引言(Introduction) 主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section) 、以及注释 (Footnotes) (三)参考资料： 参考书目(References or Bibliography) 附录资料(Appendix) 进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。题目可以提供研究者： 一.研究的方向 二.研究的范围 三.资料搜集的范围 四.预期研究成果 通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。构思为确定写作大纲或 Proposal 的先前步骤， 大纲是论文、报告的骨干， Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。如何构思大纲或Proposal为论文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。好的论文或研究报告，要基于在完整、详实的资料上，而参考资料除了和教授商借之外，最主要的来源就是图书馆了，一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志，及会议性质的资料。此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料，在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。当一切准备就绪，即可开始着手写报告，一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告，及小报告如 Seminar 式的报告。 就算是小报告，也至少应含 (一)TITLE PAGES ：包含主题名称、作者、日期 (二)Summary： 即主要的结论 (三)Introduction：包括理论背景及内容 (四)Technical Sections：是论文的主体，为最重要的部份应再细分为 几个片断。 (五)Conclusions：即扼要的结论 (六)Appendixes：复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在此项 美式报告的撰写通常要打字，两行式，行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。写报告通常需要用到电脑，如有计算数字统计图表的需求，也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS，统计分析软体如SAS，也是不可或缺的，电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具，文书处理更是最基本的要求，因此Word for Window、Powerpoint、Excel便成了颇受欢迎的工具。此外在英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改，如能请老美帮忙会比较好。 论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说(Presentation)，用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战，通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟，若是论文囗试则至少一小时。投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助，正式讲演前多预习几次，时间宜控制适中，上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念，需留意听众的反应，切中主题，避免太多数字的导引。

一、Report　Introduction怎么写Report　Introduction部分，主要是简要介绍一下Report的background和main　section。这些Introduction主要包括以下几个方面的内容：1.Report的purpose和background；2.Report涉及到的scopemethodsissues等；3. Report的limitations和definitions。Report写作过程中需要考虑的问题：1.调查这个问题有必要吗？什么情况促使我们研究这样的问题？2. Research如何进行？3. Aims和Objectives是什么？我们准备做什么？(这些Objectives将为整个Report提供研究framework)Scope（范围）：通常，一个问题涉及的方面是非常广泛的，我们需要缩小到一个范围内进行调查研究。Report研究的范围会有相关的限制因素，如time、budget、geographical　location、client　availability、particular　company…Terminology（术语）：Report中可能会经常出现一些words和terms，这些都是critical，但是，对于很多读者而言是unfamiliar的，因此就需要在Report中对它们进行简单的介绍和定义。二、Report的Executive Summary怎么写对于任何公司和任何组织来说，Exceutive　Summary都是极为重要的，managers一般都会通过这种方式对整个Report进行大概的了解。Exceutive　Summary：1.为整个Report提供一个简短且具备综合性的summary；2.为整个Report提供一些findings和conclusions；3.为读者提供尽可能多的细节内容，使读者能够对main　facts和critical　findings有一个清楚的理解和认识；4.Exceutive　Summay一般都很短；5.一般是用Past　tense写，因为Past　tense表示已发生的事情。尽管Exceutive　Summay出现在Report的开头，但是这部分最好能够在整个Report完成后再写，这样我们才会有时间对整篇Report进行反思。三、Report的Recommendations怎么写Recommendations是基于conclusions并提供possible　solutions的，它能以最快的速度解决Report中出现的问题。什么时候应该采取什么样的行动，这些都是我们在写作时需要注意的。在完成Report的过程中，recommendations应该包括以下几个方面：1.应采取什么actions，谁应该参与实施；2.可以做些什么来实现更好的/更全面的结果；3.在实施recommendations的时候，可能遇到什么样的costs和risks；4.怎么做才能成为best　solution；5.为了获得continuous　improvement，我们需要做哪些further　research。四、Report的body部分怎么写Report Body部分并没有特定的公式，我们需要做的就是彻底调查、研究和分析当前形势因素的影响：1.Report中，经常会有一个组成部分：Literature Review；2.在Report研究中，我们需要解释research methodology和reasons；3.一些methods的使用很大程度上取决于需要investigate的问题；4.Research的results和findings需要documented和analysed；5.我们的Research需要以logical sequence的方式展现出来，这样可以清楚地展现出每段中提供的information。PS：所有的Report写作都需要参考course guide，这样才能够保证我们的Report符合assessment criteria。

你好，sat语法涉及到哪些？语法知识体系建立。在备考SAT的初期，必须系统的掌握语法知识，对语法点进行查漏补缺，如果刚开始语法分数很低，那通过系统的学习语法知识点后，做题的正确率是可以得到显著提升的。提升阅读能力和逻辑思维能力。新SAT语法在文章中考查，因此能读懂是第一步，尤其在语法这块，需要我们对文章的组织架构有识别的能力。我们可以通过进行一些精读、泛读训练，达到可以熟练判断文章各层逻辑和构架的能力，这可能是在备考中期，帮助我们突破瓶颈的方法。掌握考试技巧。在有了完备的语法知识体系，并且我们的阅读、逻辑思维能力都得到提升之后，应对一项考试，必备的考试技巧也是可以帮助我们快速提分的。这些技巧可以通过上培训班、做题自己总结，或者学习大神经验都可以。经过这个阶段，冲刺语法高分，甚至满分都是可能的。希望能帮到同学~

目前多数情况下，学位论文或主要学术期刊的论文都要求提供论文提要（abstract），一般放在论文的标题和正文之间。有的要求用汉语，但多数要求用英文撰写论文提要。那么怎样撰写论文提要呢？现将有关知识简介如下： 　　1．论文提要的特点。论文提要是阐述该论文主要观点、论证脉络和结论的一个简短语段。它具有如下特点： 　　1）展示论文的主要内容。论文提要的写作，要反映论文的主要研究成果和基本学术观点，言简意赅，内容精练、充实。它预先为读者展示论文的主要内容，看了提要后就能知道论文的要旨，然后决定是否应该读完全文。 　　2）能单独使用。一篇好的论文提要，要求简短扼要，不仅能吸引读者，让读者不能不读全文，而且能单独使用，使那些对所论问题有所了解的读者，即使得不到全文也能一目了然，得出明确的概念。要求论文提要能单独使用是为了便于转载，根据论文的学术价值，有时可转载论文题目、论文提要或全文转载。 　　3）要语言精当。提要必须简约，文意清晰，突出主要观点。提要一般只有一段，字数约250为宜。一篇英文提要可以只有一个句子，也可以是几个句子，关键是要写得简短扼要，字斟句酌，决不可有任何废话。 　　2．写作注意事项。论文英语提要的写作虽不强求千篇一律，但常有许多相同之处，一般都要遵守一些约定俗成的写作规律。 　　1）文体：应采用学术性正式文体。其特点是普遍地运用专门术语，倾向于完整而严谨的句法，并常常使用各种修饰语、附加成分、长的复合句等。 　　2）词汇：正式词汇和专业词汇用得多。提要中所使用的词汇应词义精确、单一，不带有感情色彩，一般不需借助上下文来理解。 　　3）时态：可采用不同的时态。如果提要很短，只有一个句子，只用一种时态是可以的；若内容较多时则可采用不同时态。但在提要中使用较多的是现在时或过去时。 　　4）语态：被动语态用得相当多。在提要中可以使用主动语态，但被动语态使用得相当多，这是因为被动语态常用来描述事理的客观性，能避免强加于人的感觉。 　　5）句式：句子必须完整。简单句、并列句和复合句等各种句式都可以使用，但复合句使用相当多。不管使用哪种句式，句子结构必须完整，不宜使用残缺句（sentence fragment）。提要的句式与广告不同，广告可使用残缺句，但提要的句式必须完整。 　　3．提要的内容。提要内容的写作有两种模式，第一种模式写得相对完整、全面，主要包括： 　　A．背景介绍 　　B．研究的过程、目的和范围 　　C．研究中采用的方法 　　D．最主要的研究成果 　　E．结论或建议 　　第二种模式写得相对简约，可以只包括下面三项内容： 　　A．目的+方法（p＋m）＝purpose＋method 　　B．结果（r）=results 　　C．结论或建议（c／s）=conclusions or suggestions 　　根据论文的实际，可只写结论，不写建议；也可只写建议，不写结论；或两者同时都写。 　　请看下面汉语提要的实例： 　　（A）本文旨在解释母语在第二语言学习者目的语输出过程中对学习者认知处理的影响。本研究的理论框架基于对12名不同英语（第二语言）水平的学生用“有声思维”法看图作文的结果所作的分析，通过对测试结果进行定性分析，建立了两个思维流程图式模型。（B）笔者讨论了母语在第二语言输出过程中对各思维流程的影响作用，指出母语对第二语言输出的影响在于它对学习者认知处理的三大作用：理解中介、检索中介和形式判断、分析中介。（C）笔者认为这三大功能用现在的迁移理论都不能得到满意的解释，因此建议用母语参与一词代替语言迁移。（见《现代外语》1997年第4期） 　　该论文的标题是“外语写作中母语影响的动态研究”，提要共234个字，按第二模式（简约式）撰写（A、B、C为笔者所加），其中（A）说明研究的目的和方法；（B）是研究的结果；（C）是结论和建议。 　　请看下面英文提要的实例： 　　（A） Use of imagery is essential to literature and its purpose is to present the abstract by the concrete．Imagery has special significance in different cultural traditions and literary con－text and therefore，in translation it may be translatable，partially translatable or untranslatable．（B）To deal with this situation，the paper proposes three ways of treatment： direct translation，substitution and explanation－description．（C）Whatever the treatment，the translation of literary imagery should produce the same or nearly the same effect as the original imagery does with the native readers．（见《外国语》1996年第 3期） 　　该论文的标题是“文学形象的民族性及其翻译”，提要中的 　　（A）是研究的目的和方法；（B）是研究的结果；（C）是结论和建议。

　 　2015年10月31日雅思阅读回忆(网友版) 　 　阅读 　　 两新一旧 　　passage1是讲脸盲症，针对一种人容易对别人的面庞无意识的解释。说怎样研究他们忘性大，还说了先天和后天的两种可能性 　　passage2 讲新西兰海水养殖。有标题题和配对题，文章说新西兰的方法能创造收益还能维持海洋生态，还讨论这个模式遇到的问题 　　passage3 讲一个人的书，貌似在批评说那个书的缺点集中在哪些方面。 　　 延伸阅读：雅思阅读评分标准 　　 (一)介绍类学术说明文的结构 　　要判断文章类别，一般看标题就可以了。介绍类文章是对某事物或现象进行描述或介绍，所以标题一般为名词短语或者以How开头的疑问句。具体结构如下： 　　Introduce a phenomenon or a fact. 　　Detailed Description: 　　Timeline/Different Aspects/Logic Development 　　Look into the future/Summary 　　无论什么文章，起始段总是引出主题，所以多用叙述描写性语言，或介绍现象，或陈述事实，或交代问题。 　　在介绍类说明文中，中间断落是对事物细节的展开描述，各种话题可以通过三种不同方式展开。第一类时间顺序，通常用于陈述一个历史事件，例如剑五中的“Johnsonu2019s Dictionary”就是这一类。第二类并列或递进，从各个侧面来介绍，例如剑四中的“What Do Whales feel?”，一看标题就知道是介绍鲸鱼各个感官的，属于并列结构。第三类是逻辑顺序，据笔者统计，环境自然类文章多依照这种顺序，下文对此会作详细评述，这里不再赘言。 　 　(二)论证类文章的结构 　　 (1)实验类文章 　　Introduce Experiment 　　Preexperiment (Subjects, Tools, Methods) 　　Experiment Process 　　Result (Collecting Data) 　　Analyses and Syntheses 　　在雅思阅读中，实验类文章结构最为固定。笔者分析了“剑四”和“剑五”中所有实验类文章，发现其结构无一不遵循以上套路，这是因为实验报告的形式本来就单调。首段总是说明实验的缘起以及实验没目的，然后介绍实验前的准备工作包括器具，实验主体等，接着进入实验进程的描述，而后公布实验结果，最后综合数据得出结论。无论实验做什么，这个基本顺序是不会改变的。 　 　(2)逻辑论证类结构 　　Introduce the topic/problem 　　Literature Review (Optional) 　　Present Causes/Reasons (optional) 　　Writeru2019s Approach 　　Supporting Evidences 　　Conclusions 　　这类文章从结构上讲更接近于论文。起始段导出议题，第二部分对议题进行文献综述，介绍已有的观点或探讨引发问题的原因，第三部分引入作者的判断以及相关分论点或论据，最后是结论。在雅思考试是中这类文章通常是比较难的。 　　 (三) . 实战中的运用 　　下面结合题目具体说明结构阅读法的运用。 　　 例一(“剑五”P16，Johnsonu2019s Dictionary) 　　一看标题就知道是说明文，主题是介绍约翰逊博士的词典。然后阅读具体断落来套结构，注意一般只要看首尾句就可以了。第一段第一句”There had been concerns about the state of the English language.”交代背景，说明英语语言的问题，引出编词典的主题。第二段首句“there had, of course, been dictionaries in the past”介绍过去的字典，可知这篇文章的结构是按照时间顺序进行的。抓住这点，余下几段就容易分析了。依次往后，分别讲了编词典的必要性、编词典前的准备、编词典中的艰难、介绍工作成果、出版后的好评，约翰逊的感慨以及最后功成名就。抓住这个顺序，即使后面的T/F/NG题次序打乱，每道题也依然能够准确快速地定位了。限于篇幅，此处稍举几例。第9题“Johnson has become more well known since his death.”这句和身后事有关，按照时间顺序肯定在最后一段找了。第10题“Johnson had been planning to writer a dictionary for several years”，按照时间顺序，这句应该去第四段找，因为那段讲的是编词典的准备阶段。 　 　例二(“剑五”P20，Nature or Nurture) 　　首先通过首句可以判断是实验类文章。阅读各段首句，梳理结构：A段引出实验，说明实验目的。B段介绍实验前的准备工作。C段实验过程。D、E两段实验结果，F、G、H三段实验分析。最后一段综合，得出结论。看后面的段落细节配对题。14题从生物学角度分析实验结果，在F、G、H段内找。从首句可判断F段讲动物攻击性，G段讲社会性，H段讲人性和道德，动物攻击性最接近生物学，所以选F段。15题讲实验目的，所以选A段。16题讲实验主体，所以B段。剩余各题都可如法炮制，这里不再赘述。 　 　环境自然现象类文章结构 　　Introduce phenomenon 　　Causes 　　Impacts or effects brought by it 　　Solutions/Look into the future 　　文章的主题通常是某种现象如地震，火山等，起始段介绍现象及其产生的原因，下面各段讲造成的后果，介绍人类如何应对，最后展望未来。例如，“剑五”P86，“The Impact of Wilderness Tourism”探讨野外旅游, 主题属于环境类。按照这个结构即使不看文章，我们也应该可以判断Section A选的是iii这个标题(Fragile regions and the reasons for the expansion of tourism there)，依次类推Section B论述后果，那么应该选V因为里面有“disruptive effects”，而Section C论述应对措施所以选ii。 　　总之，在做题前分析文章结构，了解每段的构成和主题是很有必要的。这既是一种有效应试的策略，更是学术文章的良好阅读方法。这只是笔者教授雅思以来关于阅读技巧方面的一些心得体会，希望能够抛砖引玉，与大家一起探讨雅思阅读技巧和策略。 　 　(一)自然与科技 　　1.澳洲皮肤癌研究 skin cancer research in Australia 　　2.澳洲医疗与中医 Australian medical care and traditional Chinese medicine 　　3.保护欧洲森林preservation of European forest 　　4.地震earthquake 　　5.电信技术发展development of telecommunications 　　6.厄尔尼诺现象 El Nino 　　7.海底热资源 the ocean heat resource 　　8.海底探测船flip ship 　　9.海沙流失 disappearance of sea sand 　　10.火山爆发 volcanic eruption 　　11.计算机化交通系统computerized transportation 　　12.减少闪电危害 how to reduce the harm of lightning 　　13.摩斯密码Morse code 　　14.南非黄金开采 gold mining in South Africa 　　15.桥梁检测与修复detection and repair of bridges 　　16.全球气候暖化 global warming 　　17.染料与颜料dye and pigment 　　18.热带雨林 tropical rainforest 　　19.人造丝制造 the production of rayon 　　20.探索太空生物 life in the outer space 　　21.信息技术与运输IT and transportation 　　22.英国绿色农业 green farming/agriculture in Britain 　　23.自然周期与生物 natural cycle and creatures 　 　(二)历 史 　　1.城市交通工具发展史 history of urban transportation development 　　2.地图发展史 history of cartography 　　3.电影发展史 history of filmmaking 　　4.俄罗斯考古 Russian archaeology 　　5.记时器发展史 history of timepieces 　　6.钱币发展史history of money 　　7.数字发展史 history of numbers 　　8.移民史history of immigration 　 　(三)动 物 　　1.澳洲考拉Australian koala 　　2.病虫害防治 pest prevention and cure 　　3.动物行为animal behavior 　　4.动物学习语言 language acquisition of animals 　　5.鲑鱼保护 preservation of salmons 　　6.海豚与鲸鱼 dolphins and whales 　　7.蝴蝶养殖 butterfly farming 　　8.昆虫翅膀演化 evolution of insect wings 　　9.鸟类成长 birds 　　10.热带雨林蝴蝶 butterflies in the rain forest 　　11.眼镜蛇毒液cobra venom 　　 (四)教 育 　　1.语言变迁原因 language transformation 　　2.小孩与成人语言能 　　较 comparison of the linguistic ability of adults and children 　　3.语言学研究 linguistic research 　　4.大学教学改革 reform of college curriculum 　　5.记忆与语言学习 memory and language study 　　6.语言改革 language reform 　　7.双语教育 bilingualism 　　8.阅读速度 reading speed 　　9.儿童智力研究childrenu2019s intelligence 　　10..家庭与青少年性格 family and the personality of teenagers 　　 (五)社会百态 　　力的比 　　1.电压对人类心理 voltage and human psychology 2.工作场所吸烟 smoking in workplace 3.工作与家庭冲突work and life balance 4.公司管理corporate management 5.冒险心理研究 research of psychology of adventure 6.面试之技巧interview skills 7.人类体能极限研究 human physical extremes 8.市场行销变迁 development of marketing 9.室内空气综合症sick building syndrome 10.提高运动员成绩 how to improve athletic performance 11.体育运动athletic activity 12.天才 genius 13.医生与药品推销doctors and drug promotion 14.运动与青少年健康 sports and juvenile health

Beginning 1. In this paper, we focus on the need for 2. This paper proceeds as follow. 3. The structure of the paper is asfollows. 4. In this paper, we shall first brieflyintroduce fuzzy sets and related concepts5. To begin with we will provide abrief background on theSummary 1. This paper concludes with a discussionof future research consideration in section 5.2. Section 5 summarizesthe results of this investigation. 3. Section 5 gives the conclusions andfuture directions of research. 4. Section 7 provides a summary and adiscussion of some extensions of the paper. 5. Finally, conclusions and future work aresummarized 6. The basic questions posed above are thendiscussed and conclusions are drawn.7. Section 7 is the conclusion ofthe paper.

问题一：调查结果的英文怎么说 Survey results 词典释义 [法]finding 数据来源：金山词霸 例句 全部finding 问题二：调查结果。用英文怎么翻译 Survey result 问题三：调查结果英语怎么写 survey result 就行了不用向上面那位一样太麻烦，越多越会错。 问题四：“调查报告”用英语怎么说？ 7点的英语 问题五：调查结果可信吗，这句话的英文怎么说？ 调查结果可信吗 Can I trust the investigation oute? 问题六：调查报告用英语怎么说 the frist one: case *** ysisthe second one:census report investigation report report of survey survey papers the third one: academic dissertation 问题七：调查用英语怎么说 1.to investigate; to examine; to inquire into sth 问题八：关于这个件事,我们调查结果如下 用英语怎么说 The solution of our investigation into this case is...

Beginning 1. In this paper, we focus on the need for 2. This paper proceeds as follow. 3. The structure of the paper is asfollows. 4. In this paper, we shall first brieflyintroduce fuzzy sets and related concepts5. To begin with we will provide abrief background on theSummary 1. This paper concludes with a discussionof future research consideration in section 5.2. Section 5 summarizesthe results of this investigation. 3. Section 5 gives the conclusions andfuture directions of research. 4. Section 7 provides a summary and adiscussion of some extensions of the paper. 5. Finally, conclusions and future work aresummarized 6. The basic questions posed above are thendiscussed and conclusions are drawn.7. Section 7 is the conclusion ofthe paper.

就是要你写创新点。一般一篇论文有2-3个创新点就行了。其写法是：本文提出了（propose）什么什么，构建了（construct）什么什么，修正了（modify）什么什么。

每天看高水平期刊的英文文献就行。其实读还是次要和初步的，主要还是多写。多摘录文献中的句子和写作格式。不论题材：笔记、论著、想法、ppt等等，每天都要写一点。发文章前找公司改，改好后根据修改版学习。发表几篇文章后就有感觉了。

　　Discussion，也是essay写作中最头大的一部分。很多留学生都写不好discussion，那么应该怎么解决这个问题呢？下面就跟小编一起来看看吧！　　（1）首先回应前言最后一句话，也是就是本研究要解决什么问题，讨论第一句首先说有没有解决这个问题。一般情况当然是解决了，没解决就不这么写了。　　（2）接下来分段讨论，如何解决的，从不同角度分析。根据研究设计来。　　（3）然后与前人研究比较本文有何异同。这里可与前言呼应，前言大概提了有哪些论文发表，得出什么样的结论，讨论中就可展开，具体比较研究方法，研究对象等有哪些异同，我们这么做得出这样的结果有什么意义等等。　　（4）最后是结论，本文通过一个怎样的研究得到了什么结论。这里的原则是别人不看全文，直接拉到最后一句能够知道梗概，能够直接拿去引用，可以想想自己要是引用本文会怎么说。　　举例：　　(1)Main message,which answers the question posed in the introduction section and includes the main supporting evidence.回答你在引言中提出的问题，并给出证据。　　Our data support the hypothesis that taking aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs protects against the development of colorectal cancer and suggest that it does so by reducing the prevalence of colorectal adenomas.　　看到这里，读者会想知道你是如何论证的，这时候你正好可以把你的研究的有点和不足列出。　　(2)Critical assessment,that is,opinions on any shortcomings in study design,limitations in methods,flaws in analysis,or validity of assumptions.研究设计中的不足，方法的缺陷，分析的错误，假设的有效性等等。Logan et al.列出一个小标题bias and confounding.　　(3)Comparison with other studies,where inconsistencies are discussed.比较与其他研究的异同。　　从最重要的发现开始讨论，接下来次重要的，以此类推。　　从你最重要发现开始讨论，先说与你研究最接近的，然后是不太一致的，最后是相冲突的。　　始终讨论相同与不同，如果无法解释冲突的结论，可以建议通过设计新的研究来解决这个问题。　　(4)Conclusions,that is,comments on possible biological or clinical implications and suggestions for further research.说明可能的生物学或者临床学意义，指明下一步研究方向。　　几个注意事项：　　1.不要评价结果，只需客观展示即可。　　2.避免声明优先性。首次，第一次，首个等等，这样的话尽量避免。　　3.参考文献不要耍花招。回答来源于HotEssay，原文链接

我自己时常和别人用英语聊天或者打电话，以下是我的一些总结。最开始，认识新朋友，我一般都是主动出击。How do you do?你好(用于初次见面)Nice to meet you.(初次见面)Glad to see you here.Do you know the reason why i wanna chat with you?Where you from originally?I was wondering could you tell me what"s your name/major/work?I was wondering if you mind telling me what do you like?What did/do you think of it?You know what i mean?I"m very delighted to chat with you.See you later./see ya (see you)/Good night(or G9)/Sweet dream/Have a good day然后是我在别人说话或者问我问题的时候的回答回答yeah(经常用)go ahead (表示鼓励别人继续说)Never mind.(意思是没关系，我不介意)Sorry, i can"t understand./Pardon/Sorry,could you please speak slowly?/Again?It doesn"t matter.Take easy.Don"t worry about it.You know what?……(表示自己要开始说一下东西了:你知道吗？)You know……(表示自己要开始发表观点了)it might be a good ideaGreat! cool！sounds interestingthat is so cool然后就是约别人聊天Good morning, good afternoon, good evening.Are you available?/Do you have free time?/Are you spare？别人没空，我会说:It doesn"t matter have a good day.Maybe you can cheat next time.然后其他的，就要根据每个人不同的爱好或者说话题来决定了。口语并没有那么多规则，就是让别人听懂就可以了。最重要的是要敢于开口和别人说英语。其他的I was wondering could you give me a favor? ……(寻求帮助)

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A few months ago, chatting with my friend, she mentioned that her company was already using robots working in Finance Share Center. The robots can work 7x24 hours per week, no complains, no overtime pays. It saved around 20 headcounts. Yes, we are living in the Big Data era. More and more people believe that Big Data will change our lives and works thoroughly within the next three years. Big Data delivers the potential to find value no one knew before, whether you are trying to maximize production, cut costs or boost efficiency. Data can be turned into dollars. Internet of Things (IoT) is the basis of Big Data. It refers to network of physical devices, vehicles, buildings and other items which are embedded with electronics, software sensors, actuators & network connectivity that enable these objects to collect & exchange data. Anything that can be connected, will be connected. The internet is leveling the playing field. IoT is a game change technology. To be competitive in the future, companies will need to take action now. u2022 Real time operating data – Information for agile decision-making to improve the bottom line u2022 Advanced solutions – Cloud – enabled software that achieves greater connectivity, unifies systems, processes more data and finds more ways to use data to run a smarter operation. u2022 Reduced unplanned downtime - Data analytics identify patterns that reliably predict future events, giving companies the tools to detect and prevent abnormal situations. Under the environment of Big Data explosion and rapid growth of IoT, customers expect companies to provide faster, agile & flexible analytics and solutions. In order to better serve customers, not only high-tech companies, but also a lot of traditional companies are enhancing their strategy to grow software and data analytics capabilities. Along with business transformation, finance also need to deploy transformation. Comparing to traditional finance structure, the major changes of future state came from: u2022 Commercial finance would be the primary partners of business. It would be embedded into the business as one core part of management theme to deliver P&L results, involve planning & forecasting, making investment decisions and cost management. u2022 In the meanwhile, finance operations would be centralized in corporate level to provide consistent high-value finance services to all businesses, such as management reporting & analysis, closing and booking reconciliation, collections & payments management, travel & expense management. The changes of finance operating model would help commercial finance to split from routine daily finance transactions so as to concentrate on driving business profitable growth. All business performance will be finally reflected by finance reports. Stakeholders would like commercial finance team to improve on below 3 aspects: u2022 Helping business to achieve growth target. u2022 Anticipating needs and requirements proactively u2022 Providing user friendly finance tools and reports. To achieve the target from report-driven to analysis-driven and improve satisfaction of stakeholders, finance need to deploy a series of activities on business analytics transformation. Common Process / System Multi-national companies normally organize several of Business Groups. Each business group has several of business units and each business units has several of line of business. Some legal entities are shared by several of business units. Some legal entities are standalone for exact business unit. In addition to the complex legal entity structure, multi-national companies have the complicated business models as well, not only including comprehensive product basis business in different kinds of industries, but also long term project basis business which combined products, engineering delivery, service, software etc. to provide total solutions to customers. Furthermore, besides organic growth, multi-national companies always seek growth opportunities from merger and acquisitions. All these factors put together have increased the complexity on finance management dramatically. Under this circumstance, Common Process / System is needed to cultivate one company culture. The vision is to deliver common best practice business processes with enabling systems and technologies to drive profitable growth and business transformation across corporation. The program is using global design model to connect commercial and Integrated Supply Chain (ISC) initiatives, deliver measurable business value, and best in class business processes. Common process system not only provides more security and uniform environment, but also supplies better integration interfaces for merger & acquisitions. Multi-national companies will take benefits through common process system deployment. u2022 Consistent approach into defining and agreeing the business scope. u2022 Early engagement of senior business leadership. The project management tools such as Business Readiness Scorecard and project plan provide better visibility on the progress of the project and business readiness. u2022 Focus on Business Engagement drives commitments and ownership into the business. Clarity of business readiness to implement the change. u2022 The structure, methods and phases gate outcomes drive the quality and consistency in the projects approach and outcomes. Business team prepared for successful operation from day one. u2022 A consistent focus on the measurement of Business Readiness ensures superior outcomes during project and post go live. Standardization Deployment Although standardization deployment was an operational excellence initiative which initially designed to improve the capabilities of manufacturing sites, it has proven successful in functional areas as well. Processes optimization is fostering speed and entrepreneurialism among our global business enterprises while allowing us to leverage the scale and process strength of a large company. Taking standardization deployment from plant to back office is one of development strategy for many famous companies. Standardization deployment will position finance organization for growth and improve business partnership through better process streamline across different business groups to increase efficiency and improve accuracy. Finance standardization has not only the benefit to decrease the number of touch points so as to achieve fewer mistakes and quicker turnaround time, but also has the benefit to utilize existing personnel in higher impact activities, such as analytical tasks and greater professional growth. Finance transition will occur in the following aspects u2022 Implementation of leadership standard work: Listing activities of daily / weekly / quarterly / annually for each finance roles such as finance analyst, finance manager, finance director, controllership etc. Ensuring people focus on the right thing consistently. u2022 Documentation of top three Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for each finance function: Reducing variability in process and approaches. It also help finance operation team to maintain high job quality even if challenged by high turnover rate. u2022 Implementation of tiered accountability: Engaging all in identifying, developing and implementing improvements for the business. Harnessing the many and not just relying on the few. u2022 Visual management: Putting important documents in share folder and giving access to all team members. Making things simple, easy to understand and providing effective communication. u2022 Rapid problem solving and value stream mapping: Involving functional experts on process design and streamline. Fixing issues quickly and finally, rather than letting them re-occur. Global Data Warehouse (GDW) Initiative Through common process system and standardization implementation, it provides a good basis for GDW initiative. With ERP, for example Oracle, SAP, Hyperion etc. and business intelligence technology, such as Tableau, Brio, Global Data Warehouse (GDW) tool provides platform for optimal business intelligence solutions. Before GDW implementation, since most analysis and reporting are done offline using Excel, it directly leads to finance team spending most of their time on report maintenance rather than value-added activities for business. Furthermore, the manual reports have the following gaps: u2022 Insufficient analytical capability (end-to-end, drilling, cross-functional analysis) u2022 Inadequate visualization tools u2022 No mechanism for rapid integration of acquisition financial data u2022 Lack of consolidated reporting across business unit u2022 Human mistakes After GDW implementation, it helps company to gain below benefits: u2022 The tool is intuitive and easy to use. It provides real-time, actionable information, enabling faster, better decision making. u2022 Enable self-service reporting and analysis. It will involve business team to participate in dashboard design, facilitate the perception of elevated service while doing it yourself. u2022 Enable advanced analytics capabilities by data drilldown and visualization. u2022 Simplify and streamline development of dashboards, reports, and analytics. It provides forward-looking, predictive insights. u2022 Enable rapid integration of acquisition data u2022 Enable business unit integration data into business segment consolidated reporting. u2022 Enable commercial finance and operation finance employees to focus on analysis and business partnering activities Refer to below chart for the Changes from Global Data Warehouse Initiative. Once Global Data Warehouse project 100% implementation, finance will change from current state to focus on “what happened” and “why” to future state to focus on “what will happen” and “what should we do”. That is great changes on business analytics transformation. Conclusions It may spend millions of dollars and it may suffer a lot of pain points during the transformation. But from the long run, it is worthy of it. Analytics is changing the way we do business. In the Big Data Era, in order to survive and achieve sustainable growth, the company needs to keep evolving to become even more global, more of a software company, and more nimble in a new era. In the meanwhile, as commercial finance, embracing analytics culture, we need to recognize data as an asset, link analysis to value and link analysis to action. We need to think about analytics all the time to ensure we are on the right track and taking the right approach on: u2022 Improving revenue growth, margin expansion, and free cash flow efficiency. u2022 Improving pricing decision u2022 Improving integrated supply chain productivity Last but not least, I like the word “Data is the new oil and analytics are the new refinery”. It was quoted by many people recently although I don"t know where is the original. As long as you are a finance leader with wisdom, I trust big data era bring you more opportunities rather than challenges. Robots do the simple work and release us to do high value-added jobs. Endnote: "Internet of Things Global Standards Initiative". ITU. Retrieved 26 June 2015. Note: Original. Welcome to repost but please give sources if citing another article or passage.

一般向SCI投稿论文时都会写一份Cover letter，即投稿信。它是为了帮助 编辑 快速了解文章内容和找到合适的审稿人，一篇内容恰当的cover letter会给你的工作锦上添花，掷出投稿第一块敲门砖。 但 Cell Press 的editor觉得不少人都不知道为什么要写Cover letter，错误地在这部分重复摘要中的内容，这无疑是极大的浪费。因此就有了下面的指导，跟着 Cell 学，离投 Cell 就不远了。 我稍微整理了一下格式，并将重点加以标记。后面提供了三份 模板 ，有一份有详细的注释。 Cover letters are provided for editors only , which means that, unlike the title and abstract that will be visible to, let"s hope, billions of people once the paper is published, the cover letter is going to be seen and read by a very tiny group of people. Nevertheless, these are the people who have the responsibility to decide whether a manuscript is suitable for consideration in the journal it was submitted to . So, convincing the editors that your paper makes a valuable contribution to the knowledge in the field is important, and that"s why you need to put your cover letter to work. The cover letter is your first “formal” interaction with a journal, and it embodies a request, so to speak, to consider your article for publication. But it also provides you with an excellent opportunity to present the significance of your scientific contribution. Some Tips from Catarina, the Editor of Trends in Molecular Medicine. Two aspects you need to understand clearly. 1). Let"s start with content. You should succinctly explain what was previously known and then state your motivation for wishing to publish. Such as: 2). Get to the point . Succinctly explain the topic of discussion , and quickly convey the key conclusions . Generally, one page suffices and is preferred. 3). Do not rehash the abstract of the paper . Copying and pasting the abstract into your cover letter verbatim is a big no-no . Instead, you need to venture beyond the summary: write a sentence that takes you further than the obvious conclusions . Such as: 4). Get excited ! Your excitement about the scientific contributions can undoubtedly inspire the editor who"s reading the cover letter. Overall, the sentiment of “ you"re gonna love reading this paper! “ should seep through—make that happen! 5). Including a wish list of reviewers . Relevant information on potential reviewers (including their field of expertise) can be included and is definitely a plus , as it can be quite helpful to the editor . Don"t provide a long list of excluded reviewers (three maximum), and most certainly do not suggest excluding authors from entire continents on the map! Also, save the editor some time by specifying which author should be the lead contact , and indicate their affiliation. 当然这一部分有的会直接在投稿系统中填写，就不需要占用Cover letter的空间了。 6). Keep it simple and humble . In terms of style, consider sincerity and simplicity . Statements indicating that the article or related findings have been presented at X number of conferences and are “tremendously” well received by the scientific community—or otherwise— do not add much to the cover letter. They might instead suggest right off the bat that a lot of cooing and convincing of the journal editor will be required. So let the “science” speak for itself . Also, a statement declaring that the article is original and isn"t being considered elsewhere can only add to your cause! 7). Proofread your letter by checking the spelling, grammar, and syntax . 8). Check every detail . Avoid mistakes such as directing the cover letter to the editor(s) of a different journal, or to a different journal altogether . A poor example: <pre style="overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; margin: 0em 1em; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: Arial, PingFangSC-Light; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">Dear Editor-in-Chief, I am sending you our manuscript entitled “Large Scale Analysis of Cell Cycle Regulators in bladder cancer” by Researcher et al. We would like to have the manuscript considered for publication in Pathobiology. Please let me know of your decision at your earliest convenience. With my best regards, Sincerely yours, A Researcher, PhD</pre> <pre style="overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; margin: 0em 1em; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: Arial, PingFangSC-Light; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">[Replace bracketed text with your own information and writing. Best of luck! Email us at AskAnExpert@aje.com with any questions!] [My Name University of Research 804 Research Drive Los Angeles, CA, USA 90210 310-555-1234 m.name@researchu.edu ] [Dr. John Editorian Editor-in-Chief Journal of Science] Dear [Dr. Editorian]: I am pleased to submit an original research article entitled [ “Neofunctionalization of polymerase rho in Ustilago maydis” by Albert Postdoc and My Name] for consideration for publication in [the Journal of Science]. We previously uncovered a role for [polymerase rho in DNA repair in U. maydis (citation)], and this manuscript builds on our prior study to determine the evolution of this unique enzyme. In this manuscript, we show that [polymerase rho… (list a few important results)]. We believe that this manuscript is appropriate for publication by [the Journal of Science] because it… [specific link to the journal"s aims & scope]. [Our manuscript creates a paradigm for future studies of the evolution of essential enzymes in yeast.] This manuscript has not been published and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. We have no conflicts of interest to disclose, but we do respectfully request that [Dr. Glen Meanie] not review our manuscript. If you feel that the manuscript is appropriate for your journal, we suggest the following reviewers: [list reviewers and contact info, if requested by the journal] Thank you for your consideration! Sincerely, [My Name, PhD Professor, Department of Evolutionary Mycology University of Research]</pre> <pre style="overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; margin: 0em 1em; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: Arial, PingFangSC-Light; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">Sample cover letter [Your Name] [Your Affiliation] [Your Address] [Date] Dear [Editor name], I/We wish to submit an original research article entitled “[title of article]” for consideration by [journal name]. I/We confirm that this work is original and has not been published elsewhere, nor is it currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. In this paper, I/we report on / show that _______. This is significant because __________. We believe that this manuscript is appropriate for publication by [journal name] because it… [specific reference to the journal"s Aims & Scope]. __________. [Please explain in your own words the significance and novelty of the work, the problem that is being addressed, and why the manuscript belongs in this journal. Do not simply insert your abstract into your cover letter! Briefly describe the research you are reporting in your paper, why it is important, and why you think the readership of the journal would be interested in it.] We have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Please address all correspondence concerning this manuscript to me at [email address]. Thank you for your consideration of this manuscript. Sincerely, [Your name]</pre> 后台回复 cover letter 或点击获取三份模板的word版。 原文链接：

　Living in an age when the adolescents are lack of the necessary guidance and supervision, we can never fail to figure out the fact that teenagers are become especially self-conscious. Under this circumstance, the youngsters are more likely to believe in what they have listened or seen instead of thinking twice before drawing their conclusions, which is pathetically and undoubtedly considered controversial or even unreasonable.　　The reasons why I insist on the viewpoint that we should never directly and irresponsibly come to conclusions only by listening or seeing mainly lie in the following two aspects. To begin with, it is a invariable law to every existence in the world that nothing will stay still even for just one second.So are the things happening around us. What we see or listen may be just some particular period of the development of things, which proves unstable and changeable. In addition, the perspectives we conclude just through seeing or listening are usually one-sided. Drawing conclusions rashly is not objective enough to make our statements persuasive.　　To sum up, it is unwise for us to define any thing as what we assume or imagine at first sight. Only by our serious thinking and accurate analyzing can we come up with more rational and reasonable conclusions.

form：形式，形状；形态，外形；方式；表格 构成，组成；排列，组织；产生，塑造，形成，构成；排列等多种意思 。而from是介词。句中form表示行成xx

需要翻译什么话呢？

[A] abstract = 摘要(学术界/论文用)定义:1.a condensed version of a piece of writing,speech,etc.; summary;synopsis2.a brief statement that presents the main points in a concise form; summary;synopsis3.a sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory; outline; precis;例句:(a) If you want to submit a paper,you must supply an abstract.(b) Abstracts of scietific/medical/technical reports...[B] summary = 摘要/概要/总结;(大众 general public 普通用)定义:1.A presentation of the substance of a body of material in a condensed form or by reducing it to its main points; 例句:(a) he gave a summary of the conclusions(b) a summary of a book; economic report etc.(c) Here"s a summary of the day"s news.(d) A summary of his speech was printed in the newspaper.

1. You should put your conclusions based on the fact that on the basis of 2. John has admitted breaking the window 3. Teachers require students to write an essay of 500 words 4. It is believed that people"s life will be longer and longer 5. TV on the sofa from 5 meters distance

写论文重在有论据、论证

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