international business

业务性质

思路正确，应对应private

In terms of ownership and control,five kinds of business enterprises are recongnised and legalised by law.-Sole traders(1 person)-Partnerships(2-20 partner）-Close Copration (cc) （1-10 member)-Privat...

是工作经历

nature of business业务性质双语对照词典结果：nature of business[英][u02c8neitu0283u0259 u0254v u02c8biznis][美][u02c8netu0283u025a u028cv u02c8bu026aznu026as]商业性质; 以上结果来自金山词霸例句:1.If the first half of the 20th century was a time of fundamental change in the nature of business organisation, the second half was a time of fundamental change in the nature of business success. 如果说20世纪上半叶是企业组织性质发生根本变化的时期，那么下半叶就是企业成功要素发生根本变化的时期。-----------------------------------如有疑问欢迎追问！满意请点击右上方【选为满意回答】按钮

业务性质

nature of business英 [u02c8neitu0283u0259 u0254v u02c8biznis] 美 [u02c8netu0283u025a u028cv u02c8bu026aznu026as] 商业性质;

Corporate Introduction Corporate Culture Corporate Goodwill Item Synopsis

在nature的官网上有专门订阅的地方的（找到subscribe点进去就好了）。最近我们后台经常有朋友想订购《Science》、《Nature》等杂志，为了满足各位的需求，我们平台推出了《Science》、《Nature》、《TIME》、《Discover》、《BusinessReview》等杂志供各位选购。定价如下：套餐一：单一杂志订购《Science》、《Nature》、《TIME》、《Discover》、《BusinessReview》：选择任意一本杂志2017年订购原价格：119RMB。现圣诞价格：85RMB。送2016、2015全年杂志内容。发货方式：PDF文件发货，购买请留下您的邮箱，邮箱一定要确认无误。套餐二：任意两种杂志订购《Science》、《Nature》、《TIME》、《Discover》。《BusinessReview》：选择任意两本杂志2017年订购价格：169RMB。送2016、2015全年杂志内容（内容可任选两种）。发货方式：PDF文件发货，购买请留言告诉我们您需要的杂志种类，购买请留下您的邮箱，邮箱一定要确认无误。套餐三：全部五种杂志订购《Science》。《Nature》、《TIME》、《Discover》、《BusinessReview》：全部五本杂志2017年订购价格：299RMB。送2016、2015全年杂志内容（内容可任选三种）。发货方式：PDF文件发货，购买请留言告诉我们您需要的杂志种类，购买请留下您的邮箱，邮箱一定要确认无误。套餐四：《2016年度生命科学互联网产业现状与未来发展趋势报告白皮书》+任意本杂志订购套餐原价格1280RMB，圣诞价格860RMB。发货方式：《2016年度生命科学互联网产业现状与未来发展趋势报告白皮书》为纸质杂志，统一顺丰发货，拍下请留地址，其他人一两种杂志发货形式：PDF文件发货。购买请留言告诉我们您需要的杂志种类，购买请留下您的邮箱，邮箱一定要确认无误。

　　 英文 简历 是 留学 生介绍自己,推销自己,最终达到有效沟通的重要手段。那你知道留学生的英文简历该怎么写吗?下面是我为大家带来的留学生英文版简历模板，相信对你会有帮助的。 　　留学生英文版简历模板(一) 　　Personality 　　Name:xuexila 　　Nationality:China (Mainland) 　　Current Place:Guangzhou 　　Height/Weight:156 cm　48 kg 　　Marital Status:Single 　　Age:24 years 　　Career Objective 　　Application type:Jobseeker 　　Preferred job title:Foreign language: foreign trade 、 Sales assistant : 、 Export merchandizer: 　　Working life:3Title:No title 　　Job type:Full timeExpected Start date:In a week 　　Expected salary:￥2,000--￥3,500Preferred working place:Guangzhou 　　Work experience 　　Company"s name:shinning industries ltd,Begin and end date: 2006-09-2009-11 　　Enterprise nature:State-owned enterprisesIndustry: Business service 　　Job Title: sales 　　Job description: Sourcing ,getting quotation from the manufacturer,price negotiation ,quote preparation,order follow up 　　Reasons for leaving: 　　Company"s name:Telire company limitedBegin and end date: 2005-11-2006-08 　　Enterprise nature:State-owned enterprisesIndustry: Business service 　　Job Title: secretary&sales 　　Job description: Sourcing ,getting quotation from the manufacturer,price negotiation ,quote preparation,order follow up,take tha customer to the market place orders 　　Reasons for leaving: 　　Educational Background 　　Name of School:Hubei Industries University(Guangzhou Branch) 　　Highest Degree:AssociateDate of Graduation:2006-07-01 　　Name of Major 1:business englishName of Major 2:computer science 　　Education experience:Start dateEnd dateEducation organizationMajorsCertificateCertificate No 　　2003-092006-07Hubei Industries University(Guangzhou Branch)foreign trade englishGraduate cerification105005200606700808 　　2005-102005-12Hubei Industries University(Guangzhou Branch)foreign trade englishcertificate of secretarial competency in150420051220128 　　Language Ability 　　Foreign Language:EnglishLevel:excellent 　　Chinese level:perfectCantonese Level:perfect 　　Relevant skills and abilities 　　Familiar use outlook ,excel,work,internet,and the export documents such as pakcing list ,invoice,etc. 　　Sourcing ,getting quotation from the manufacturer,price negotiation ,quote preparation,order follow up,good communication skill in English both oral&written,good computer skills in word/excel/outlook/internet,etc.energetic,self-motivated,result-oriented,independent,a problem solver and team player 　　Self-recommendation letter 　　hi,how are you?im yjbys.I really interested in the trade business.and during these 3 years,i have more experience in this field. Familiar use outlook ,excel,work,internet,and the export documents such as pakcing list ,invoice,etc. 　　Sourcing ,getting quotation from the manufacturer,price negotiation ,quote preparation,order follow up,good communication skill in English both oral&written,good computer skills in Word/excel/outlook/internet,etc.im an energetic,self-motivated,result-oriented,independent,a problem solver and team player.thank you for your time.looking forward to hearing from you soon. 　　留学生英文版简历模板(二) 　　Name:xuexila 　　Nationality:China (Mainland) 　　Current Place:GuangzhouHeight/Weight:162 cm　47 kg 　　Marital Status:marriedAge:33 years 　　Career Objective 　　Application type:Jobseeker 　　Preferred job title:Purchasing: Sourcing or purhasing 　　Working life:7Title:No title 　　Job type:Full timeExpected Start date:In a day 　　Expected salary:￥2500～￥3499Preferred working place:Guangzhou Zhongshan Foshan 　　Work experience 　　Company"s name:****CO., Limited Begin and end date: 2012-06-2012-12 　　Enterprise nature:Soly foreign funded enterprisesIndustry: Electronic Technology/Semiconductor/IC 　　Job Title:Sourcing Engineer 　　Job description:To make undertakings in order and save working time(approx. 8%) by using accumulated personal special Microsoft excel & outlook & other computer(e.g. ERP) & working skills, and make good communication & coordination to help the teammates to complete the tasks of early project stage, like the drawing, suppliers, RFQ, sample quantity/quality/ETD follow up etc. Assisted my boss & colleagues to work more easier. 　　To communicate and negotiate with suppliers for price, terms, leadtime, forecast, VMI agreement, even some technical & quality issues, etc., shorten the L/T, saved cost by average 3.2%, reduced the inventory(some have zero stocks), and improved the payment conditions. The order quantity of one series increase about 50% against last year by the together effert of all teammates including PM & Sales & QA & Engineering & Supply Chain buyer. 　　Job range: Commen Mode Chokes/CAN-BUS chokes/EMI beads, cable core/EMC filter/SMD power inductor/OEM subcon/supplier development etc. 　　Reasons for leaving: 　　Company"s name:****CO., Limited Begin and end date: 2007-02-2011-09 　　Enterprise nature:Sino-foreign joint venturesIndustry: Communication/Telecom/Network Equipment 　　Job Title:Central Procurement, Purchasing specialist 　　Job description:Except following up the 3 months purchasing plan and sample shipment for on time delivery, we reduced the material cost(approx. 3%/year), stocks amount(approx. 8%/month) and some logistic spending, so as to obtain a low total strategic procurement cost level in the supply chain. In addition to purchasing, sourcing is a part of my job as well. Have two years Germany & Japan background factory experience and more than two years Central Procurement department working experience in global environment during this employment. 　　Purchasing range: ferrite core, plastic bobbin, enameled copper wire, adhesive, soldering tin, metal parts, packing materials etc. 　　Reasons for leaving: 　　Company"s name:****CO., Limited Begin and end date: 2004-11-2006-11 　　Enterprise nature:Soly foreign funded enterprisesIndustry: Furniture/Home Appliances/Crafts/Toy/Jewelry 　　Job Title:Purchasing staff 　　Job description:Work as a buyer. Purchasing range: timber, MDF, veneer, hardware, glue & adhesive, painting oil, grinding tape, cutting blades, tools, packing, semi parts, etc. 　　Reasons for leaving: 　　Educational Background 　　Name of School:Guangdong University of Business Study 　　Highest Degree:BachelorDate of Graduation:2004-06-01 　　Name of Major 1:MarketingName of Major 2: 　　Education experience:Start dateEnd dateEducation organizationMajorsCertificateCertificate No 　　1999-092004-07Guangdong University of Business StudyMarketingBachelor1059 2120 0405 0027 19 　　Language Ability 　　Foreign Language:EnglishLevel:good 　　Chinese level: Cantonese Level:excellent 　　Relevant skills and abilities 　　-Good problem-solving skills; 　　- Excel lent excel & outlook skills for good muti-tasks management; 　　-Be efficient to support good teamworking performance; 　　-Can save working time and cost for company;

英国公司查询，直接政府网站就可以查到的

**是的**。Spring和Nature是两个不同的出版公司。在2015年，Spring和Nature合并成为了一家公司，名为"Springer Nature"。因此，现在Spring和Nature已经合并，是一家名为"Springer Nature"的出版公司。

what is the nature of your company"s business ?

Electronic Commerce

Beyond Language: Cultural Predispositions in international Business Correspondence Translation covers only part of the problem of working with people of other nations and cultures. Differences in cultural background may affect business correspondence between Americans and others, and International English may be evolving a cultural style of its own. In correspondence, business people from the low-context cultures of Northern Europe and North America sometimes inadvertently offend their counterparts in high-context cultures by assuming that their correspondents share their values. Such correspondence might be more effective if writers used a rhetorical framework to conceptualize in their letters a sense of their addressees" conditions and of their own roles in relation to their addressees. This dimension of relationship may be difficult for people from low-context cultures. However, because of the increasing use of English as a lingua franca of business, correspondence standards may be changing. Using the example of rhetorical patterns in English and Chinese business letters, I suggest a way to use Western rhetorical principles to accommodate other cultural patterns. Business Correspondence includs： Requesting Information How to ask somebody to send you information. Sending Information What to say when you send information. Resume or CV A resume (AmE) or CV (BrE) is usually requested by a prospective employer as a record of your qualifications and professional experience. CV stands for the Latin words "curriculum vitae", meaning "the course of one"s life". Covering Letter for Resume/CV It is usual to send a covering letter (BrE) or cover letter (AmE) with your resume/CV when applying for a job. Letter of Reference Companies and other organizations often ask for a letter of reference. This is a character reference written by someone such as an ex-employer who knows the subject personally. Let"s take the ever-more-common case of the American who wants to strike up business dealings with people of another language and culture. Box 3 reproduces a letter to a delegation of Chinese who had visited the United States. They had expressed some interest in the products of Mr. Jones"s company, so he wrote them a letter, presumably hoping to sell some. However, as Boiarsky (1995) informs us, his letter drew no response. Dear Sir: Your name and address were referred to me by the Illinois Department of Agriculture--Far East Office. They stated that you had expressed an interest in our products and requested further information. I am therefore enclosing a brocuhre which itemizes our products and services. Pleas let me know your exact requirements. I will be happy to provide you with further details. Thank you for your participation at the Illinois Slide and Catalog Show. I look forward to your reply. Sincerely, Peter Jones Director of Sales Agri-Equipment Division

内容摘要：为了帮助考生们更好地复习雅思考试，本文为各位考生整理了雅思口语回答经典示范例子，供考生们参考使用。 　　雅思口语回答经典示范例子，以下是详细内容。 　　第一部分的个人熟悉话题问答题　　当考官问道：“Do you like Music?” 　　考生回答：“观点：yes, I do. 　　理由：Cuz music makes me feel relaxed.　　例子：for example, sweet and light music are the best choice. 　　下面我们来根据口语的四大评分标准来提高我们的答案： 　　Fluency流利，Grammar语法，Vocabulary词汇，pronunciation发音　　观点 (旧)：yes, I do 　　观点(新)：yes, I"m pretty keen on music, I"m just so passionate about it, really a big fan of it. 天堂口语补充：回答要流利，并且态度上要表达出愿意沟通的意愿，还有词汇，和表达上也要有一定的词汇基础。 　　理由(旧)：Cuz music makes me feel relaxed. 　　理由(新)：Cuz music can purify your mind. When listening to the music, all the pressure, panic and anxiety due to the fierce competition of the quick-paced society just disappear.天堂口语解释：回答后需要增加原因，并在原因上面扩展一下细节。也就是原因的理由。　　例子(旧)：for example, sweet and light music are the best choice. 　　例子(新)：especially, for instance, my favorite is some American country music, such as the famous one “ take me home, country roads”, it makes you feel a world where there are nice people, clear streams, fresh air, vast farmland and country roads with daisies and beautiful sunshine. 　　新的答案在语法是7分，词汇也是7分;如果学生在表达的时候能做到完美，即流利获得9分和发音也获得9分，那么，四项平均以后的得分就是8分的口语。在现实的考试当中，如果学生的Fluency 6分，Pronunciation也6分，那得分就是6.5分。 　　这种评分方法将会继续贯穿于口语的第二部分和第三部分，考官会根据考生在三部分的综合表现打出分数，下面让我们来研究一下第二部分：　　第二部分(根据要求)两分钟即兴演讲　　例如：考官要求你描述一个城市，可以写一分钟笔记，要求讲话一到二分钟。　　Describe a city that you like best ① 　　Where it is ② 　　What are the general features ③ 　　What you can do there ④ 　　Explain why it is your favorite city ⑤　　根据雅思口语考试的四大评分标准，我们来设计答案：　　Fluency流利，Grammar语法，Vocabulary词汇，pronunciation发音 　　Describe a city that you like:描述一个你喜欢的城市： 　　观点：杭州是我去过的最印象深刻的城市之一 　　Hangzhou is one of the most impressive cities where I have even been 　　理由：因为我感到印象很深刻对于交通、风景如画的景点，和地方特色美食。 　　because I was deeply impressed by the transport, the picturesque scenery spot, and the food specialty there.　　例子：具体来说，我想谈谈城际特快列车，西湖和东坡肉。天堂口语解释：(细节能够让交谈内容并不空洞，内容会让回答比较个性化，生动且有趣) 　　To be more precise, I"m gonna talk about the intercity express train, the west lake and the soysauced Dongpo Pork.　　② Whre it is, 他在哪里 　　观点：我很喜欢她的地理位置，杭州位于中国的南部，在长江三角洲上。 　　I particularly like its situation. Hangzhou is located on the southern part of china, on the Yangtze river delta. 　　理由：你知道，坐和谐号城际特快列车，从上海去那里很方便。 　　You know, from shanghai to Hangzhou, it is really convenient to go by CRH (china railway highspeed), namely, the inter-city express.　　例子：上周我刚去过杭州，我花了54元，两个小时就到了杭州，而且和谐号是非常舒适和惬意的，平稳的滑行，咆哮行驶在时速198公里/小时,跟英吉利海峡峡面的欧洲之星特快列车是差不多的。 　　Actually, I just went there last week, I paid 54 kaui, it took me 2 hours on the train, by the way, the CRH was really comfy and cozy, smooth and stable, roaring down the rail at 198 kilometers per hour，quite similar to the EuroStar express train under the English Channel.　　③What are the general features 什么是主要的总体特色? 　　观点：是西湖让我如此喜欢杭州 　　it is the west lake that greatly contributes to my fondness for the city. 　　理由：湖滨自然的成为人们休闲散步，同时呼吸新鲜空气的地方 　　The Lakeside naturally serves as a place for people to have a bit of walk，enjoying the fresh air at the same time.　　例子：由于西湖在杭州的市中心，周围有诸多的高楼大厦，所以几乎每一个来杭州的人都会来感受自然和城市和谐结合得这样一个美景。 　　Since the west lake is in the downtown area of Hangzhou, right among the concrete jungle of the city, nearly everyone who visits Hangzhou likes to come and enjoy the harmonious integration between the Nature of the lake and the modernization of buildings nearby.　　④What you can do there 你能在那里做什么? 　　观点：东坡肉是很受欢迎的一种特色菜，即对旅游者来说，也对当地人来说。 　　Soysauced Dongpo Pork is a very popular specialty dish among tourists and locals as well. 　　理由：因为他味道很重很咸，很肥很好吃但不油腻。 　　Because it has strong flavour, very savoury, fatty, yummy but not greasy.　　例子：杭州最正宗的东坡肉在西湖边上的楼外楼餐厅，每天都挤满了人。边享美食边赏湖景。这就是我们所谓的生活啊! 　　The most authentic Dongpo Pork can be served in the restaurant, Building Beyond Building, beside the west lake, it is always packed with customers. They usually chose a window seat to enjoy the delicate cuisine while appreciating the placidness of the lake. That is what we call LIFE!　　⑤Explain why it is your favorite city解释为什么这是你最喜欢的城市 　　观点：这是一次难忘的旅行 　　this trip is the one which I shall never forget. 　　理由：他让我大开眼界。 　　It made my mind open.　　例子：我高度推荐您有空也去看一看 　　I highly recommend you to go and have a look. 　　接下来，让我们继续分析第三部分　　第三部分社会客观分析问答题　　考官问道：what kind of qualities a good leader should have?　　考生回答： 　　观点1：A good leader should be passionate， 　　理由1：Because his passion will help him do well.　　例子1：In business, a passionate boss can do his business better when he likes it. 　　观点2：A good leader also should be like a model. 　　理由2：Because followers will all learn from their leader.　　例子2：In Business, successful leadership is mainly about whether his employees work as hard as their boss does. 　　根据雅思口语考试的四大评分标准，我们来提高答案： 　　Fluency流利，Grammar语法，Vocabulary词汇，pronunciation发音 　　观点1(旧)：A good leader should be passionate. 　　观点1(新)：successful leaders would probably be quite passionate and enthusiastic about what they do. 　　成功的领导人应该很可能是非常激情和热情地对待他们所作的事情。 　　理由1(旧)：Because his passion will help him do well. 　　理由1(新)：Success comes easily when someone is obsessed with his career. He will be more relentless in the pursuit of his goals if he"s keen on his business. He will achieve his peak performance only when he"s doing the thing which interests him or something he cares about. 　　成功来得容易当一个人沉溺于他的职业，他会更加不停歇地追求他的目标如果他很喜欢他的生意，他将会到达顶峰表现只有当他做自己感兴趣的事情和他在意的事情。　　例子1(旧)：In business, a passionate boss can do his business better when he likes it. 　　例子1(新)：Entrepreneurs who succeed do not mind the fact that they are putting in 15 or 18 hours a day to their business because they absolutely love what they do.Success in business is all about patience and hard work, which can only be attained if someone is passionate and crazy with his tasks and activities. So, most of the time, the more passionate a man is, the more successful he can be. 　　成功的企业家不介意一个事实，他们每天工作15到18个小时仅仅因为他们绝对的喜欢他们所做的，只有当你对疯狂的热爱你的任务和活动的时候，你才会耐心和努力工作，这使你商业上成功。所以，大多数情况下，你越是激情，你就会越成功。　　观点2(旧)：A good leader also should be reliable. 　　观点2(新)： True leaders should have trustworthiness built on good relationship with his followers. 　　真正的领导人应该由别人的信任，建立在他很好的人际关系。 　　理由2(旧)：because no one will work for the person who can not be trusted. 　　理由2(新)：the way they deal with people will lay the foundation for the strength of their groups. The stronger the relationship is, the stronger the subordinates" trust and confidence is in their capabilities. 　　他们处理和人们的关系为他们队的优点建立了基础，这种关系越强，他的下属的对他的信任和信心就越加成为他们的综合能力。　　例子2(旧)：In Business, successful leadership is mainly about whether his employees believe in their boss or not. 　　例子2(新)：Studies have shown that one fundamental basis of business leadership is the trust and confidence that employees have on their manager. Only when they have faith in their leader will they go through hell and high water for him and for the organization。 　　研究表明一个商业成功领导的基础是他员工对经理的信任和信心，只有他们信任领导人时，他们才会跋山涉水为组织效力。

　　我们认为看电视的时候，人的大脑基本停止工作，打开电脑的时候，大脑才开始运转。下面是我整理了史蒂夫乔布斯经典名言，希望对大家有所帮助! 　　1、We"re here to put a dent in the universe。Otherwise why else even be here？活着就是为了改变世界，难道还有其他原因吗？ 　　2、I want to put a ding in the universe。我要在宇宙中留下痕迹。 　　3、There"s a phrase in Buddhism，"Beginner"s mind。"It"s wonderful to have a beginner"s mind。佛教中有一句话：初学者的心态；拥有初学者的心态是件了不起的事情。 　　4、If you want to live your life in a creative way，as an artist，you have to not look back too much。You have to be willing to take whatever you"ve done and whoever you were and throw them away。如果你想要以一种创造性的方式来生活，作为一个艺术家，你不能太多地往回看。你必须能够承受你所做的一切，以及你过去是什么样的人，然后把它们统统扔掉。 　　5、Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower。一个领导者和一个跟随者之间的区别就在于创新。 　　6、I would trade all my technology for an afternoon with Socrates。我会用我所有的技术来交换与苏格拉底相处的一个下午。 　　7、If you do something and it turns out pretty good，then you should go do something else wonderful，not dwell on it for too long。Just figure out what"s next。你如果出色地完成了某件事，那你应该再做一些其他的精彩事儿。不要在前一件事上徘徊太久，想想接下来该做什么。 　　8、The only way to do great work is to love what you do。If you haven"t found it yet，keep looking。Don"t settle。成就的唯一途径是热爱自己的事业，如果你还没找到的话，继续寻找，不要屈就。 　　9、There is no shortcut to excellence。You will have to make the commitment to make excellence your priority。Use your talents，abilities，and skills in the best way possible and get ahead of others by giving that little extra。Live by a higher standard and pay attention to the details that really do make the difference。Excellence is not difficult - simply decide right now to give it your best shot - and you will be amazed with what life gives you back。成功没有捷径。你必须把卓越转变成你身上的一个特质。最大限度地发挥你的天赋、才能、技巧，把其他所有人甩在你后面。高标准严格自己，把注意力集中在那些将会改变一切的细节上。变得卓越并不艰难——从现在开始尽自己最大能力去做——你会发现生活将给你惊人的回报。 　　10、We think basically you watch television to turn your brain off，and you work on your computer when you want to turn your brain on。我们认为看电视的时候，人的大脑基本停止工作，打开电脑的时候，大脑才开始运转。 　　11、What a computer is to me is the most remarkable tool that we have ever come up with。It"s the equivalent of a bicycle for our minds。对我而言，电脑是人类想出来的最卓越的工具。它相当于是我们大脑的自行车。 　　12、I"m the only person I know that"s lost a quarter of a billion dollars in one year…It"s very character-building。我是我所知道的唯一一个在一年中失去2。5亿美元的人……这对我的成长很有帮助。 　　13、Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower。领袖和跟风者的区别就在于创新。 　　14、The only way to do great work is to love what you do。If you haven"t found it yet，keep looking。Don"t settle。As with all matters of the heart，you"ll know when you find it。成就一番伟业的唯一途径就是热爱自己的事业。如果你还没能找到让自己热爱的事业，继续寻找，不要放弃。跟随自己的心，总有一天你会找到的。 　　15、Stay hungry，stay foolish。求知若饥，虚心若愚。 　　16、Be a yardstick of quality。Some people aren"t used to an environment where excellence is expected。成为卓越的代名词，很多人并不能适合需要杰出素质的环境。 　　17、Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose。谨记自己总会死去，是让自己避免陷入“人生有所失”思考的最佳方法。 　　18、You can"t just ask customers what they want and then try to give that to them。By the time you get it built，they"ll want something new。你不能只问顾客要什么，然后想法子给他们做什么。等你做出来，他们已经另有新欢了。 　　19、Life is brief，and then you die，you know？人生短暂，过着过着你就没了，明白吗？ 　　20、My job is not to be easy on people。My job is to make them better。我的工作不是对别人好。我的工作是让他们变得更好。 　　21、Do you want to spend the rest of your life selling sugared water or do you want a chance to change the world？你想用卖糖水来度过余生，还是想要一个机会来改变世界？ 　　22、Are you tired of living someone else"s dream？ No doubt，it"s your life and you have every right to spend it in your own individual way without any hurdles or barriers from others。Give yourself a chance to nurture your creative qualities in a fear-free and pressure-free climate。Live a life that YOU choose and be your own boss。你是否已经厌倦了为别人而活？不要犹豫，这是你的生活，你拥有绝对的自主权来决定如何生活，不要被其他人的所作所为所束缚。给自己一个培养自己创造力的机会，不要害怕，不要担心。过自己选择的生活，做自己的老板！ 　　23、Reams of academic studies over the decades have amply confirmed television"s pernicious mental and moral influences。And most TV watchers know that their habit is mind-numbing and wasteful，but still spend most of their time in front of that box。So turn your TV off and save some brain cells。But be cautious，you can turn your brain off by using a computer also。Try and have an intelligent conversation with someone who plays first person shooters for eight hours a day。Or auto race games，or role-playing games。过去十年中，大量的理论研究表明，电视对人的精神和心智是有害的。大多数电视观众都知道这个坏习惯会浪费时间并且使大脑变得迟钝，但是他们还是选择呆在电视机前面。关掉电视吧，给自己省点脑细胞。还有，电脑也会让你的大脑秀逗，不信的话你去跟那些一天花8小时玩第一视角设计游戏、汽车拉力游戏、角色扮演游戏的人聊聊看，你也会得出这个结论的。 　　24、Have the courage to follow your heart and intuition。They somehow already know what you truly want to become。Everything else is secondary。要有勇气追随心声，听从直觉，它们在某种程度上知道你想成为的样子。其他事情都是其次的`。 　　25、My model for business is the Beatles。They were four guys who kept each other"s kind of negative tendencies in check。They balanced each other，and the total was greater than the sum of the parts。That"s how I see business：Great things in business are never done by one person。They"re done by a team of people。我的商业模式是披头士那种模式。这四个家伙互相之间检查是否有消极的趋势。他们能够平衡彼此，让总体大于部分之和。这就是我对经营的看法：伟大的业务绝不会是由某一个人完成的。它们是由一组人来完成。 　　26、Each lesson might be difficult to integrate into your life at first，but if you ease your way into each lesson，one at a time，you"ll notice an immediate improvement in your overall performance。So go ahead，give them a try。以上每句话，刚开始也许很难真正渗透入你的生活，以上每句话，刚开始也许很难真正渗透入你的生活，但是如果你慢慢吸收这些教训，每次领悟一句话，是如果你慢慢吸收这些教训，每次领悟一句话，慢慢的你将会发现一个全新的自我。不要踌躇不前，试试看。你将会发现一个全新的自我。不要踌躇不前，试试看。 　　27、Being the richest man in the cemetery doesn"t matter to me…Going to bed at night saying we"ve done something wonderful…that"s what matters to me。是否能成为墓地里最富有的人，对我而言无足轻重。重要的是，当我晚上睡觉时，我可以说：我们今天完成了一些美妙的事。 　　28、I think death is the most wonderful invention of life。It purges the system of these old models that are obsolete。我认为死亡是生命最美妙的发明，因为它清除了这些老款的已经过时了的系统。 　　29、Innovation has no limits。The only limit is your imagination。It"s time for you to begin thinking out of the box。If you are involved in a growing industry，think of ways to become more efficient；more customer friendly； and easier to do business with。If you are involved in a shrinking industry – get out of it quick and change before you become obsolete； out of work； or out of business。And remember that procrastination is not an option here。Start innovating now！创新无极限！只要敢想，没有什么不可能，立即跳出思维的框框吧。如果你正处于一个上升的朝阳行业，那么尝试去寻找更有效的解决方案：更招消费者喜爱、更简洁的商业模式。如果你处于一个日渐萎缩的行业，那么赶紧在自己变得跟不上时代之前抽身而出，去换个工作或者转换行业。不要拖延，立刻开始创新！ 　　30、Your time is limited，so don"t waste it living someone else"s life。Don"t be trapped by dogma - which is living with the results of other people"s thinking。Don"t let the noise of other"s opinions drown out your own inner voice。And most important，have the courage to follow your heart and intuition。They somehow already know what you truly want to become。Everything else is secondary。你的时间有限，所以不要为别人而活。不要被教条所限，不要活在别人的观念里。不要让别人的意见左右自己内心的声音。最重要的是，勇敢的去追随自己的心灵和直觉，只有自己的心灵和直觉才知道你自己的真实想法，其他一切都是次要。 　　31、Death is very likely the single best invention of Life。It is Life"s change agent。It clears out the old to make way for the new。死亡很可能是唯一的、最好的生命创造。它是生命的促变者。它送走老一代，给新一代开出道路。 　　32、Don"t equate making mistakes with being a mistake。There is no such thing as a successful person who has not failed or made mistakes，there are successful people who made mistakes and changed their lives or performance in response to them，and so got it right the next time。They viewed mistakes as warnings rather than signs of hopeless inadequacy。Never making a mistake means never living life to the full。犯错误不等于错误。从来没有哪个成功的人没有失败过或者犯过错误，相反，成功的人都是犯了错误之后，做出改正，然后下次就不会再错了，他们把错误当成一个警告而不是万劫不复的失败。从不犯错意味着从来没有真正活过。 　　33、Over the last decade，numerous books featuring lessons from historical figures have appeared on the shelves of bookstores around the world。And Socrates stands with Leonardo da Vinci，Nicholas Copernicus，Charles Darwin and Albert Einstein as a beacon of inspiration for independent thinkers。But he came first。Cicero said of Socrates that，"He called philosophy down from the skies and into the lives of men。" So use Socrates"principles in your life，your work，your learning，and your relationships。It"s not about Socrates，it"s really about you，and how you can bring more truth，beauty and goodness into your life everyday。十几年来，世界各地的书店里涌现出海量的关于历史人物的书籍。这些人物包括苏格拉底、达芬奇、哥白尼、达尔文以及爱因斯坦，他们被称为人们灵感的灯塔，而苏格拉底排在第一位。西塞罗评价苏格拉底说：“他把哲学从高高在上的学科变得与人休戚相关。”把苏格拉底的原则运用到你的生活、工作、学习以及人及关系上吧，这不是关于苏格拉底，这是关于你自己，以及关于你如何给你每天的生活带来更多的真善美。 　　34、Did you know that you have big things to accomplish in life？ And did you know that those big things are getting rather dusty while you pour yourself another cup of coffee，and decide to mull things over rather than do them？ We were all born with a gift to give in life，one which informs all of our desires，interests，passions and curiosities。This gift is，in fact，our purpose。And you don"t need permission to decide your own purpose。No boss，teacher，parent，priest or other authority can decide this for you。Just find that unique purpose。你是否知道在你的生命中，有什么使命是一定要达成的？你知不知道在你喝一杯咖啡或者做些无意义事情的时候，这些使命又蒙上了一层灰尘？我们生来就随身带着一件东西，这件东西指示着我们的渴望、兴趣、热情以及好奇心，这就是使命。你不需要任何权威来评断你的使命，没有任何老板、老师、父母、牧师以及任何权威可以帮你来决定。你需要靠你自己来寻找这个独特的使命。 　　35、I end up not buying a lot of things，because I find them ridiculous。我最终并没有买很多东西，因为我觉得它们很可笑。 　　36、It is the kind of mind that can see things as they are，which step by step and in a flash can realize the original nature of everything。Beginner"s mind is Zen practice in action。It is the mind that is innocent of preconceptions and expectations，judgements and prejudices。Think of beginner"s mind as the mind that faces life like a small child，full of curiosity and wonder and amazement。不要迷惑于表象而要洞察事务的本质，初学者的心态是行动派的禅宗。所谓初学者的心态是指，不要无端猜测、不要期望、不要武断也不要偏见。初学者的心态正如一个新生儿面对这个世界一样，永远充满好奇、求知欲、赞叹。 　　37、Design is not just what it looks like and feels like。Design is how it works。设计不只是外表和感觉，设计是产品如何运作。

《暴风雨》经典台词 　　《暴风雨》是莎士比亚的最后一部完整的杰作。剧情大意是：普洛斯彼洛是意大利北部米兰城邦的公爵，他的弟弟安东尼奥野心勃勃，利用那不勒斯国王阿隆佐的帮助，篡夺了公爵的宝座。普洛斯彼洛和他那三岁的小公主历尽艰险漂流到个岛上，他用魔法把岛上的精灵和妖怪治得服服贴贴。几年后，普洛斯彼洛用魔术唤起一阵风暴，使其弟弟和那不勒国王的船碰碎在这个岛的礁石上，船上的人安然无恙，登岸后依然勾心斗角。普洛斯彼洛用魔法降服了他的弟弟和阿隆佐，使他们答应恢复他的爵位。最后大家一起回到意大利。本剧还歌颂了纯真的爱情、友谊和人与人之间的亲善关系。 　　别在树下徘徊，别在雨中沉思，别在黑暗中落泪。向前看，不要回头，只要你勇于面对抬起头来，就会发现，分数的阴霾不过是短暂的雨季。向前看，还有一片明亮的天，不会使人感到彷徨。 　　经典语录 　　——莎士比亚《暴风雨》 　　我是一个傻子，听见了衷心喜欢的话就流起泪来。 　　——莎士比亚《暴风雨》 　　『让我们不要把过去的不幸重压在我们的"记忆上。』 　　(Let us not burden our remembrances with a heaviness that"s gone.) 　　——莎士比亚《暴风雨》 　　啊 暴风雨 　　不可思议 　　把美好的事 　　破坏无疑 　　——莎士比亚《暴风雨》 　　『不久我们有了空暇，我便可以向您解答这种种奇迹，是你理解这一切的发生未尝不是可能的事。现在请高兴起来，把什么事都往好的方面想吧。』 　　(At pick"d leisure, Which shall be shortly, single I"ll resolve you, Which to you shall seem probable, of every These happen"d accidents; till when, be cheerful And think of each thing well.) 　　——莎士比亚《暴风雨》 　　『这真让人像堕入五里雾中一样!这种事情一定有一个超自然的势力在那指挥着。』 　　(This is as strange a maze as e"er men trod; and there is in this business more than nature Was ever conduct of.) 　　——莎士比亚《暴风雨》 　　暴风雨不可理喻 　　——陈奕迅《暴风雨》 　　还以为人生全由人控制 　　一觉醒来才发现一切随阳光消失 　　——陈奕迅《暴风雨》 　　再委屈，不过是一段插曲。 　　——莎士比亚《暴风雨》 　　爱与其他不可能的追求，不必害怕，这岛上众声喧哗。 　　——莎士比亚《暴风雨》 ;

Definitions of marketingMarketing is the management of exchange relationships. This emphasizes the role of marketing in relating to the world outside the organization. All relationships between the organization and the out side world, especially when they relate to customers, need to be managed. The organization will be judged by customers, suppliers, competitors and other according to their personal experience. Marketing is the management process which identifies, anticipates and supplies customer requirement efficiently and profitably. Marketing is concerned with meeting business objectives by providing customer satisfactions. When people buy products or services they do not simply want the products, they also want the benefits from using the products or services. Products and services help to solve a customer"s problem. It is the solution to these problems that customers are buying. Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution or ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organization goals. Marketing is the performance of business activities that direct the flow of goods and services from organizations" to their customers. Marketing is the process of determining customer demand for a product, motivating its sale and distributing it into ultimate consumption at a profit. Marketing is the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements efficiently and profitably. Characteristics of marketing-oriented companyMarket orientation (market-oriented)Refers to the enterprise in accordance with its own power to match the target market and target user groups requested to design, produce, and deliver products and services. Advantages Disadvantages uf06c Product tailored to the needs of the customeruf06c Research and development enables the market-led company to keep ahead of the competitionuf06c Opportunities arise out of a continuous research thrustuf06c Knowing you customer enables you to communicate more efficiently, with cost-effective marketing communicationsuf06c Produce what you can sell rather than sell what you produceuf06c Leads to long-term relationships with high customer satisfaction uf06c Extensive market research needed into customer needs/wantsuf06c Expensive and time consuming – time delay for product to marketuf06c ‘Me-too" products that can undercut because there are no costs of research and developmentuf06c Irrational customer behavior – no amount of research will alter the fickle nature of the average customeruf06c Dynamic nature of market place – today"s products become tomorrow"s throwawaysuf06c Too narrow a focusDue to economic development, people"s incomes increase, accelerating the pace of life, increasing social interaction, has quietly changed the concept of life, the rapid development of tertiary industry, the food service industry has been seen a lot of favorable market opportunities.1. The increased population eating out of China"s population and family structure has undergone great changes with more and more single people. This family structure and lifestyles change may lead to changes in consumer behaviors, more and more people are reluctant to spend too much time on cooking, thus increasing the population eating out.2. The rise a healthy trend of People"s living standards improve the living began to focus on the health effects of diet, emphasizing nutrition and food hygiene, respect for dining. People who pursue their own health to the restaurant industry will be tremendous opportunities for a broad market.3. The development of tourism. At present tourism is one of the fastest-growing sectors in China, rising per capita tourist spending, tourism region expanded. For tourists, the food culture is also one of the attractive elements.Meiwei restaurant should to meet market and consumer changes, provide customers with convenient, healthy Chinese fast food. Elements of marketing conceptThe marketing concept is the attitude that business decisions should be based on what the customer wants. Marketing concept is the enterprise business decision-making, organization and management of marketing activities, the basic guiding ideology that is business philosophy. It is a concept, an attitude, or a corporate way of thinking. Marketing concept is a "consumer demand as the center, market as the starting point" business guideline.Marketing conceptThe key to achieving business goals to determine the correct target market needs, all to the consumer as the center, and than the competition more effective and better transmission of the target market to meet the expectations of things. Consumer research has been called the study of the relationship between the personality of the consumer and the personality of the product. It looks at the consumer"s motives, which may be unconscious but which still affect his or her choice of products. Techniques such as in-depth interviews and word association tests can be used to find out how consumers are really thinking.

Differences in the formulation of appropriate business strategies. Manifested mainly in response to strong branded products weaknesses improvements or new product to squeeze into the market, open up a new situation. These products must be in terms of performance, specifications, structure and other technical indicators with strong brands are significant differences, but also time in marketing, marketing, geography, marketing and other operations on the price difference to start operation. Even in the packaging of such a non-main business segments, but also create a unique differentiation operating effects, such as color, style, use"s prowess, can give a fresh feel.REALFLEET core marketing strategy must proceed from the customer needs to find differences, explore the differences and use the difference for themselves has yet to set foot in the creation of a competitor or do not set foot in the market space, through efforts to become the market leader in the only brand or brands , with the sole or lead their own rapid solid market position, to win the first pot of gold market until becoming the authority to establish a stable of consumer brand loyalty and become cash cows, and ultimately achieve the exclusion of dissidents, the collapse of the opponent"s The purpose of this unique and exclusive in nature and is caused by the difference of the core of enterprise marketing strategy connotation. REALFLEET company marketing mix strategy:1, product Outstanding personalized design customized products to the popular designs, brought to people"s not just a visual appliances fashion company will design the concept of cultural penetration in the life, the design of the extension, the product of human nature give it more functional. 2, price The price difference should not be too high. The price is too high enough to discourage the vast majority of customers, turned to a relatively low-cost products. For Rational customers, the price is not a determining factor in measuring the product, but it is definitely not care. Prices in the customer"s mind, will always be the impact of the purchase of one of the important factors in decision-making, so the price should be differentiated customer expectations in the framework of the ceiling. 3, channels Insist on direct way to increase the number of concept stores, improve the market network 4, the promotion of Adhere to the image of the unique positioning, with the professionalization of the creative and design to create corporate brand, using the image of the strategy for market differentiation.

时代整个儿脱节了；啊，真糟，天生偏要我把它重新整好！These are strange times. But the unhappiest time of all was the day that I was born.——哈姆雷特《哈姆雷特》一幕五场我爱欧菲莉亚，四万个兄弟之爱加起来也不足我所给予她之爱。I loved Ophelia too! Forty thousand brothers could not love her as much as I did!——哈姆雷特《哈姆雷特》五幕一场天地之大，赫瑞修，比你所能梦想到的多出更多。There are more things in heaven and earth than you"ve ever dream of, Horatio.——哈姆雷特《哈姆雷特》一幕五场我不惧毁灭，更不在乎今生或来世；我可任其来之，只要我能彻底的为我父亲复仇！It doesn"t matter what happens to me in this world or the next. But I will have revenge for my father!——雷尔提《哈姆雷特》四幕五场你们这辈愚人！我和我的同伴们都是运命的使者。You fools! I and my fellows are ministers of fate.——爱丽儿《暴风雨》三幕三场这真叫人像堕入五里雾中一样！这种事情一定有一个超自然的势力在那儿指挥着。This is as strange a maze as e"er men trod; And there is in this business more than nature Was ever conduct of.——阿隆佐《暴风雨》五幕一场让我们不要把过去的不幸重压在我们的记忆上。Let us not burden our remembrances with a heaviness that"s gone.——普洛斯彼罗《暴风雨》五幕一场我们都是坏蛋，千万别相信我们。Men lie. Believe none of us.——哈姆雷特《哈姆雷特》三幕一场现在我已把我的魔法尽行抛弃，剩余微弱的力量都属于我自己。Now my charms are all o"erthrown, And what strength I have"s mine own, Which is most faint.——普洛斯彼罗《暴风雨》收场诗至少也要献出一个奇迹来，使它给与您安慰，正像我的公国安慰了我一样。At least bring forth a wonder, to content ye As much as me my dukedom. ——普洛斯彼罗《暴风雨》五幕一场不久我们有了空暇，我便可以简简单单地向您解答这种种奇迹，使您觉得这一切的发生，未尝不是可能的事。现在请高兴起来，把什么事都往好的方面着想吧。At pick"d leisure, Which shall be shortly, single I"ll resolve you, Which to you shall seem probable, of every These happen"d accidents; till when, be cheerful and think of each thing well.——普洛斯彼罗《暴风雨》五幕一场《绝园的暴风雨》改编自日本的城平京负责原作，左有秀担当构成、彩崎廉负责作画的同名漫画。电视动画于2012年10月4日开始播放，全24集。故事开始讲述了某一天，最强的魔法使公主锁部叶风被部下左门暗算，困在了无人荒岛；紧接着爱花被杀害，后面大家得知叶风早已在两年前就已经在荒岛遇难，故事就围绕着复仇与魔法，超越时间与空间战斗讲述了下去。最后结局中吉野最终决定放下爱花及过去的一切，与叶风重新开始新的生活。总的来说，本作的画面和剧情都是不错的，只是有一点不足就是感觉后面的剧情不如前半部分的，节奏有些快，有些突兀。但尽管如此仍旧值得大家观看。

1、当雕刻像开始令人费解时，它就达到了美的程度。 When the carving is hard to understand, it is to the extent that it is beautiful. 2、铭刻在心：每一天都是一年中最好的日子。 Write it on your heart that every day is the best day of the year. 3、生命是如此的短暂，只有抛弃身外的浮华，才能够达到高雅的境界。 Life is so short, only to abandon all vanity, to achieve the lofty realm. 4、婴儿期是永生救世主，为了诱使堕落的人类重返天国，它不断地来到人类的怀抱。 Infancy is the eternal Savior, in order to induce the fall of mankind to return to the kingdom of heaven, it is constantly in the embrace of mankind. 5、美丽的女性实际上是诗人，她能驯服野蛮的同伴在她的周围的人们心里播上温情，希望和雄辩的种子。 The beautiful woman is actually a poet, she can tame the savage companion in the hearts of the people around her in the heart of warmth, hope and eloquence of the seeds. 6、品格是一种内在的力量，它的存在能直接发挥作用，而无需借助任何手段。 Character is a kind of inner strength, its existence can play a direct role, without the aid of any means. 7、不要在意别人的嘲弄，也不要在意会被别人打败。站起来，久经磨练的男子汉！ Don"t care about other people"s ridicule, don"t care about being beaten by others. Stand up, chastened man! 8、友谊如同爱情一样是需要珍惜的。 Friendship is like love, it needs to be cherished. 9、不害怕痛苦的人是坚强的，不害怕。 People who are not afraid of suffering are strong, not afraid. 10、婚姻的爱，使人类延续不绝；朋友的爱，使人类达到更完美的境界；淫邪的爱，则使人类败坏堕落。 Marriage and love, the continuation of human never; the love of friends, to achieve a more perfect human realm; false love, makes the human to corrupt. 11、为门庭增添光彩的是来做客的朋友。 Add luster to the doors is to visit friends. 12、朋友们，凭着意志来行事，只有这样才能够意志坚定，也只有这样你才能够真正地自立于世界。 Friends, with the will to act, only in this way can the strong willed, and only then you can truly independent in the world. 13、在读书这个问题上，服从我们的天性，凭着兴趣去阅读是最佳的态度。 In reading this issue, subject to our nature, with interest to read is the best attitude. 14、保守主义者学不会新东西，也忘不掉旧东西。 Conservatives can"t learn new things and forget about old things. 15、每一滴水都具有水的全部特性，但是决不会有风暴。 Every drop of water has a total characteristic of water, but there is no storm. 16、我们爱力量，但却很少考虑如何去显示它。 We love the power, but we seldom consider how to show it. 17、修养的本质如同人的性格，最终还是归结到道德情操这个问题上。 The essence of self-cultivation, such as the character of people, ultimately comes down to the moral character of the problem. 18、知识是治疗恐惧的药。 Knowledge is the medicine for the treatment of fear. 19、成功的人们告诫还在努力的人们：要坚持自己的风格，永远不要模仿其他人。 Successful people warn people who are still trying hard to stick to their own style, never to imitate others. 20、浅薄的人相信运气或境遇，坚强的人相信起因和结果。 Shallow men believe in luck or fortune, and strong people believe in causes and results. 21、一切都是谜，一个谜的答案是另一个谜。 Everything is a mystery, and the answer to a riddle is another riddle. 22、在薄冰上滑行，速度就是安全。 Slide on the ice, speed is safety. 23、在幻想中生活的人就像醉汉，双手颤抖，软弱无力，无所事事。 Living in a fantasy like drunk, his hands trembling, weak and feeble, doing nothing. 24、当一个人能够直接阅读上帝的时候，那时间太宝贵了，不能够浪费在别人阅读后的抄本上。 When a person is able to directly read God"s time, that time is too Pcious, can not be wasted on other people to read the transcript. 25、熊熊的热忱，凭着切实有用的知识。 Raging enthusiasm, with practical and useful knowledge. 26、爱美之心，人皆有之。 The desire to look attractive is universal. 27、人们只看到他们想看到的东西。 People only see what they want to see. 28、为美而献身，比为面包而活着要幸福得多。 Dedication to the United States, more than to live for bread and happiness. 29、一个人的品格不应由他的特殊行动来衡量，而应由他的日常行为来衡量。 A person"s character should not be measured by his special actions, but by his everyday actions. 30、当我们无无所事事时，却坚信自己正在干着某种事情，这就是烟草使我们产生的第一个幻觉。 When we have nothing to do, we are convinced that we are doing something. This is the first illusion that tobacco has made us. 31、美而缺乏魅力是无饵的鱼钩。 The United States and the lack of charm is no bait hook. 32、一个人完全系于他终日所思。 A person completely tied to him all day long thoughts. 33、凡是有良好教养的人有一禁诫：勿发脾气。 All educated people have a no commandment: do not lose his temper. 34、不满就是缺乏自助，是意志薄弱的表现。 Discontent is the lack of self help, is the weak performance of the will. 35、不花钱是造不成宫殿的。 Not to spend money to build a palace. 36、爱情是美好的，爱情是可以战胜距离的。 Love is beautiful, love can overcome the distance. 37、智力取消了命运，只要能思考，他就是自主的。 Intelligence has canceled the fate, as long as you can think, he is independent. 38、最细的蜡烛可以用它的光芒照彻一英里，而人的触觉可以伸向每一颗星星。 The smallest candle can shine a mile in its light, and the touch of man can reach out to every star. 39、不要在你自身之外寻找你自己。 Don"t look for yourself outside of yourself. 40、机智的主要用处是教我们与没有它的人相处得很好。 The main use of tact is to teach us to get along well with people who don"t have it. 41、每一种好的品质如果不是和其他的东西结合在一起，那么它就是最坏的。它就可能会带来接近毁灭边缘的危险。 Every good quality if it is not combined with other things, then it is the worst. It may bring danger near the edge of destruction. 42、伟人的力量大於物质力量；这精神能战胜物质的思想，可统治世界。 A great man"s power is greater than the physical force; the spirit can overcome the thought of matter, but it is the rule of the world. 43、同一流的人物相处，就会对友谊有更加深刻的理解力。 Get along with the first-class people, will have a more profound understanding of friendship. 44、要想获得成功，应当以恒心为友，以经验为顾问，以耐心为兄弟，以希望为守护者。 If you want to succeed, you should use persistence as your friend, experience as your advisor, patience as your brother and hope as your guardian. 45、真正有资格当富翁的，是那些为更多的人创造就业的机会，为广大的民众开辟道路的经营者们。 Truly qualified to be rich, those who create jobs for more people, to open up the road for the majority of the people of the operators. 46、节俭是你一生中食之不完的美筵。 Thrift is the food of your life in endless beauty feast. 47、一个伟大的灵魂，会强化思想和生命。 A great soul, will strengthen the thought and life. 48、要想得到别人的友谊，自己就得先向别人表示友好。 To get other people"s friendship, you have to be friendly to others. 49、社会并不是公正的，对于我们有恩的是灵魂高尚的，社会是华而不实的，既没有思想也没有目标。它是一片排斥异己的领地，它不讲原则，注重的只是一些琐屑无聊的风雅。 The society is not fair, for we have grace is a noble soul, the society is flashy without substance has no thoughts, no goal. It is a piece of exclusion territory, it does not speak, only pay attention to some trivial boring elegance. 50、人们嘴上挂着的法律，其真实含义是财富。 The law that people put on their mouths, their true meaning is wealth. 51、对于有修养的人来说，财富具有巨大的感化力量，它能够让人变得更加优雅。 For those who have accomplishment, wealth has a great influence, it can make people more elegant. 52、喂，你可曾听说才思也许能在青春年少时获得，智慧也许会在腐朽前成熟？ Hey, have you ever heard a may get in my youth, wisdom may be mature in decay? 53、世上没有一样东西能合所有人的口。 There is nothing in the world that can close the mouths of all. 54、将要直面的，与已成过往的，较之深埋于我们内心的皆为微沫。 Will face, and has become the past, compared to the deep buried in our hearts are micro foam. 55、对真理的最大尊敬就是遵循真理。 The greatest respect for truth is to follow the truth. 56、语言是一座城市，每个人都为这座城市的建设增添了砖瓦。 Language is a city, everyone adds a brick for the construction of the city. 57、是奶油总要浮到面上来。 Cream always comes up to the surface. 58、人们常说，常识是两点之间最短的直线。 It is often said that common sense is the shortest straight line between two points. 59、人是时间的纲领。 Man is the creed of time. 60、文字，应该像蒲公英的根一样实在，不矫饰，不虚伪。 The text should be, like the dandelion root is really like, no Ptense, not hypocritical. 61、选择一条正确的、适合自己的道路，不懈地努力追求，最终会让一个人变得伟大。 Choose a right, suitable for their own road, unremitting efforts to pursue, will eventually make a person become great. 62、我们应该知道，交际是一门艺术，一个人生活在这个世界上，其实每天要做的事情就是交际。 We should know that communication is an art, a person living in the world, in fact, every day to do is communication. 63、文艺的爱好是一种无法毁灭的本能。 The love of literature and art is a kind of instinct which can not be destroyed. 64、人生不过是一瞬间的事，不要在怀疑与恐惧中浪费生命。 Life is but a moment, don"t waste life in doubts and fears. 65、一个明智的人会明白取悦他人的想法是多么愚蠢和邪恶，一个明智的人也不会自我吹嘘或吹捧其他人。 A wise man will understand others thinking how stupid and evil, a wise man will not boast or flatter others. 66、人之所以让别人感到可畏，不是因为功绩，而是因为力量；不是在特定的时间和公共场合里所采取的态度，而是在任何时候都会采取的态度。 The reason why people make people feel terrible, not because of merit, but because of power; not at a specific time and public attitude, but at any time will take the attitude. 67、在一切伟大的诗人身上，都有一种人性的智慧，这种智慧要比他们所运用的任何才能都更为优越。 In all the great poets, there is a kind of wisdom of human nature, which is better than any of them. 68、仅是天才不能成为作家，因为书的背后极需要作家失格。 Is not only a genius as a writer, because the book behind the very need for his disqualification. 69、人但有追求，世界亦会让路。 People but have to pursue, the world will give way. 70、如果你要获得成功，就应当以恒心为良友，以经验为顾问，以小心为兄弟，以希望为守护者。 If you want to succeed, you should use persistence as your good friend, experience as a consultant, to care for the brothers, with hope for the guardian. 71、要知道，当上帝的替身走了的时候，真正的上帝就来了。 You know, the real God is coming when God"s double is gone. 72、学院憎恨天才，正像修道院憎恨圣徒。 The Academy hates genius, just as the monastery hates the saints. 73、一个人的个性和脾气永远都是显而易见的，不管他如何地打扮和伪装。 A person"s personality and temperament will always be obvious, no matter how he dress up and Ptend. 74、日光是首屈一指的画师，在他的色彩浓艳的笔下，再丑陋的东西也会变得媚态百生。 The sun is the leading painter, in his rich color of the pen, then the ugly things will become Tai 100 students. 75、人类一切赚钱的职业与生意中都有罪恶的踪迹。 There are traces of evil in the profession and the business of all mankind. 76、有一点缺陷有一点遗憾的人生，是有味道的人生；有一点怪异有一点风险的命运，是有意思的命运。 There is a little bit of a regret of the life, is a taste of life; a little bit of a little bit of a risk of the fate of the risk is the fate of. 77、伟大的人物都明白，真正的爱是不可能没有回报的，真正的爱永远都是超越了物质以及庸俗的思想的。 Great people know that true love is impossible without a return, the true love is always beyond the material and vulgar ideas. 78、如果天才产生了过分的影响,那么天才本身就足以成为天才的敌人。 If the genius had an excessive effect, then the genius itself would be the enemy of genius. 79、如果你高尚，我会爱你；如果你不是这样，我不愿意献假殷勤去伤害你，也伤害我自己。 If you are noble, I will love you; if you are not, I will not be willing to give you a false offer to hurt you. ;

大哥 我们自己翻译和介绍 美国学校是不承认的吧？ 你得找你母校（中国的学校）开这个课程说明 一般开这些课的院系网站上都有这些课的课程描述 然后打印出来叫教务处的盖章

　　一共两篇 ，希望对楼主有用　　什么是财务风险　　财务风险是企业在财务管理过程中必须面对的一个现实问题，财务风险是客观存在的，企业管理者对财务风险只有采取有效措施来降低风险，而不可能完全消除风险。文章通过对企业财务风险类型分析，从中找出不同财务风险产生的具体原因，并试图探索出解决各类财务风险的有效方法。　　当今世界上因财务风险而倒闭破产的公司，甚至是特大公司也不为少见，如2002年世界500强的安然就是一例。因此，忽视财务风险将给我们带来的后果是严重的。　　财务风险的定义和基本类型　　财务风险是指企业在各项财务活动中由于各种难以预料和无法控制的因素，使企业在一定时期、一定范围内所获取的最终财务成果与预期的经营目标发生偏差，从而形成的使企业蒙受经济损失或更大收益的可能性。企业的财务活动贯穿于生产经营的整个过程中，筹措资金、长短期投资、分配利润等都可能产生风险。　　根据风险的来源可以将财务风险划分为：　　1.筹资风险　　筹资风险指的是由于资金供需市场、宏观经济环境的变化，企业筹集资金给财务成果带来的不确定性。筹资风险主要包括利率风险、再融资风险、财务杠杆效应、汇率风险、购买力风险等。利率风险是指由于金融市场金融资产的波动而导致筹资成本的变动；再融资风险是指由于金融市场上金融工具品种、融资方式的变动，导致企业再次融资产生不确定性，或企业本身筹资结构的不合理导致再融资产生困难；财务杠杆效应是指由于企业使用杠杆融资给利益相关者的利益带来不确定性；汇率风险是指由于汇率变动引起的企业外汇业务成果的不确定性；购买力风险是指由于币值的变动给筹资带来的影响。　　2.投资风险　　投资风险指企业投入一定资金后，因市场需求变化而影响最终收益与预期收益偏离的风险。企业对外投资主要有直接投资和证券投资两种形式。在我国，根据公司法的规定，股东拥有企业股权的25%以上应该视为直接投资。证券投资主要有股票投资和债券投资两种形式。股票投资是风险共担，利益共享的投资形式；债券投资与被投资企业的财务活动没有直接关系，只是定期收取固定的利息，所面临的是被投资者无力偿还债务的风险。投资风险主要包括利率风险、再投资风险、汇率风险、通货膨胀风险、金融衍生工具风险、道德风险、违约风险等。　　3.经营风险　　经营风险又称营业风险，是指在企业的生产经营过程中，供、产、销各个环节不确定性因素的影响所导致企业资金运动的迟滞，产生企业价值的变动。经营风险主要包括采购风险、生产风险、存货变现风险、应收账款变现风险等。采购风险是指由于原材料市场供应商的变动而产生的供应不足的可能，以及由于信用条件与付款方式的变动而导致实际付款期限与平均付款期的偏离；生产风险是指由于信息、能源、技术及人员的变动而导致生产工艺流程的变化，以及由于库存不足所导致的停工待料或销售迟滞的可能；存货变现风险是指由于产品市场变动而导致产品销售受阻的可能；应收账款变现风险是指由于赊销业务过多导致应收账款管理成本增大的可能性，以及由于赊销政策的改变导致实际回收期与预期回收的偏离等。　　4.存货管理风险　　企业保持一定量的存货对于其进行正常生产来说是至关重要的，但如何确定最优库存量是一个比较棘手的问题，存货太多会导致产品积压，占用企业资金，风险较高；存货太少又可能导致原料供应不及时，影响企业的正常生产，严重时可能造成对客户的违约，影响企业的信誉。　　5.流动性风险　　流动性风险是指企业资产不能正常和确定性地转移现金或企业债务和付现责任不能正常履行的可能性。从这个意义上来说，可以把企业的流动性风险从企业的变现力和偿付能力两方面分析与评价。由于企业支付能力和偿债能力发生的问题，称为现金不足及现金不能清偿风险。由于企业资产不能确定性地转移为现金而发生的问题则称为变现力风险。　　企业财务风险的成因　　企业财务风险产生的原因很多，既有企业外部的原因，也有企业自身的原因，而且不同的财务风险形成的具体原因也不尽相同。企业产生财务风险的一般原因有以下几点：　　1.企业财务管理宏观环境的复杂性是企业产生财务风险的外部原因。企业财务管理的宏观环境复杂多变，而企业管理系统不能适应复杂多变的宏观环境。财务管理的宏观环境包括经济环境、法律环境、市场环境、社会文化环境、资源环境等因素，这些因素存在企业之外，但对企业财务管理产生重大的影响。　　2.企业财务管理人员对财务风险的客观性认识不足。财务风险是客观存在的，只要有财务活动，就必然存在着财务风险。然而在现实工作中，许多企业的财务管理人员缺乏风险意识。风险意识的淡薄是财务风险产生的重要原因之一。　　3.财务决策缺乏科学性导致决策失误。财务决策失误是产生财务风险的又一主要原因。避免财务决策失误的前提是财务决策的科学化。　　4.企业内部财务关系不明。这是企业产生财务风险的又一重要原因，企业与内部各部门之间及企业与上级企业之间，在资金管理及使用、利益分配等方面存在权责不明、管理不力的现象，造成资金使用效率低下，资金流失严重，资金的安全性、完整性无法得到保证。这主要存在于一些上市公司的财务关系中，很多集团公司母公司与子公司的财务关系十分混乱，资金使用没有有效的监督与控制。　　化解财务风险的主要措施　　企业财务风险是客观存在的，因此安全消除财务风险是不可能的，也是不现实的。对于企业财务风险，只能采取尽可能的措施，将其影响降低到最低的程度。　　1.化解筹资风险的主要措施：　　当企业的经营业务发生资金不足的困难时，可以采取发行股票、发行债券或银行借款等方式来筹集所需资本。　　2.化解投资风险的主要措施：　　从风险防范的角度来看，投资风险主要应该通过控制投资期限、投资品种来降低。一般来说，投资期越长，风险就大，因此企业应该尽量选择短期投资。而在进行证券投资的时候，应该采取分散投资的策略，选择若干种股票组成投资组合，通过组合中风险的相互抵消来降低风险。在对股票投资进行风险分析中，可以采用β系数的分析方法或资本资产定价模型来确定不同证券组合的风险。β系数小于1，说明它的风险小于整个市场的平均风险，因而是风险较小的投资对象。　　3.化解汇率风险的主要措施：　　（1）选择恰当合同货币。在有关对外贸易和借贷等经济交易中，选择何种货币作为计价货币直接关系到交易主体是否将承担汇率风险。为了避免汇率风险，企业应该争取使用本国货币作为合同货币，在出品、资本输出时使用硬通货，而在进口、资本输入时使用软通货。同时在合同中加列保值条款等措施。　　（2）通过在金融市场进行保值操作。主要方法有现汇交易、期货交易、期汇交易、期权交易、借款与投资、利率—货币互换、外币票据贴现等。　　（3）对于经济主体在资产负债表会计处理过程中产生的折算风险，一般是实行资产负债表保值来化解。这种方法要求在资产负债表上以各种功能货币表示的受险资产与受险负债的数额相等，从而使其折算风险头寸为零，只有这样，汇率变动才不致带来折算上的损失。　　（4）经营多样化。即在国际范围内分散其销售、生产地及原材料来源地，通过国际经营的多样化，当汇率出现变化时，管理部门可以通过比较不同地区生产、销售和成本的变化趋利避害，增加在汇率变化有利的分支机构的生产，而减少汇率变化不利的分支机构的生产。　　（5）财务多样化。即在多个金融市场以多种货币寻求资金的来源和资金去向，实行筹资多样化和投资多样化，这样在有的外币贬值，有的外币升值的情况下，公司就可以使绝大部分的外汇风险相互抵消，从而达到防范风险的目的。　　4.化解流动性风险的主要措施：　　企业的流动性较强的资产主要包括现金、存货、应收账款等项目。防范流动性风险的目的是在保持资产流动性的前提下，实现利益的最大化。因此应该确定最优的现金持有量、最佳的库存量以及加快应收账款的回收等。我们都很清楚持有现金有一个时间成本的问题，手中持有现金过多，显然会由于较高的资金占用而失去其他的获利机会，而持有现金太少，又会面临资金不能满足流动性需要的风险。因此企业应该确定一个最优的现金持有量，从而在防范流动性风险的前提下实现利益的最大化。　　5.化解经营风险的主要措施：　　在其他因素不变的情况下，市场对企业产品的需求越稳定，企业未来的经营收益就越确定，经营风险也就越小。因此企业在确定生产何种产品时，应先对产品市场做好调研，要生产适销对路的产品，销售价格是产品销售收入的决定因素之一，销售价格越稳定，销售收入就越稳定，企业未来的经营收益就越稳定，经营风险也就越小。　　The Infrared Technology as the humanity knew that the nature, the exploration natural one kind of new modern tool, has been applied generally by various countries in the biology, the medicine, the geoscience and so on scientific field as well as the military reconnaissance aspect. But is very complex as a result of the goal infrared radiation, the factor are many, the infrared hot image"s clarity is inferior to the visible image far, but people in use infrared hot chart analysis question time, hoped frequently simultaneously sees the visible light information and the infrared information. As the computer vision domain and an image understanding"s important technology, the image fusion simultaneously observed the infrared hot information and the visible light information for the people have provided an effective method. This article research mainly take the infrared imagery and the visible light image as the information processing goal, through will carry on the contrastive analysis to each image fusion processing method, will summarize an effect good method, will then use with the matlab procedure to realize these methods and to carry on the comparison again to the fusion effect. this article first introduced the image fusion engineering research background and the domestic and foreign research tendency. Then introduced the image fusion"s basic concept, the level, have made the comparison to each level"s fusion. Then introduced the image fusion"s Pyramid algorithm, and has carried on the analysis, the comparison to these algorithms, finally the matlab procedure has realized these methods. as a result of the wavelet transformation in the information analysis and the information processing domain"s good performance, this article used the great length to introduce that the wavelet the knowledge, realized the image fusion with the fusion effect good small wave packet"s method, through used the objective indicator the appraisal to prove based on the small wave packet"s fusion was one very good fusion method. key word: Image fusion, wavelet transformation Pyramid algorithm, multi-resolution analysis, fusion rule, fusion appraisal　　从分析财务风险入手，阐述其含义、特征以及种类等内容；在此基础上对财务风险产生的原因进行深入细致的分析研究，分析总结出财务风险产生的内因和外因诸方面；从而提出树立风险意识，建立有效的风险防范机制；建立和完善财务管理系统，以适应财务管理环境变化；建立财务风险预警机制，加强财务危机管理；提高财务决策的科学化水平，防止因决策失误而产生的财务风险；通过防范内部制度，建立约束机制来控制和防范财务风险五个方面的财务风险防范措施以及自我保险、多元化风险控制、风险转移、风险回避、风险降低五种技术方法。只有控制防范和化解企业财务风险，才能确保企业在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地。　　财务风险的成因　　（一）外部原因　　1、国家政策的变化带来的融资风险。一般而言，由于中小企业生产经营不稳定。一国经济或金融政策的变化，都有可能对中小企业生产经营、市场环境和融资形式产生一定的影响。从2007 年开始，我国加大了对宏观经济的调控力度，央行第四次提高存款准备金率，尤其是实行差额准备金制度使直接面向中小企业服务的中小商业银行信贷收紧，中小企业的资金供给首先受阻，融资风险徒增不少，中小企业也因无法得到急需资金而被迫停产或收缩经营规模。2、银行融资渠道不流畅造成的融资风险。企业资金来源无非是自有资金和对外融资两种方式。在各种融资方式中，银行信贷又是重要的资金来源，但是银行在国家金融政策以及自身体制不健全等情况的影响下，普遍对中小企业贷款积极性不高，使其贷款难度加大，增加了企业的财务风险。　　（二）内部原因1、盲目扩张投资规模。有相当一部分的中小企业在条件不成熟的情况下，仅凭经验判断片面追求公司外延的扩大，忽略了公司内涵和核心竞争力，造成投资时资金的重大浪费。2、投资决策失误。对企业来说，正确的产业选择是生存发展的战略起点。但一些企业在选择产业过程中，往往忽视了“产业选择是一个动态过程”的观念，不能敏锐地把握产业演变的趋势和方向。3、投资合作伙伴选择不当。企业在做出投资决策时，一定要充分考虑合作伙伴的资质、信誉，并应具备承担相应风险能力。4、诚信不足。中小企业信用不足是一个普遍现象。因此，银行要向中小企业提供贷款或投资人要向中小企业进行投资就不得不加大人力资源的投入以提高信息的收集和质量分析。这一方面加大了银行或投资人的贷款和投资成本。另一方面也给中小企业的融资带来困难。能否融通到资金，能融通到多少资金，中小企业的融资存在很大的不确性。　　1 the meaning of financial risk　　Ye at "small and medium-sized financial risk assessment and control of research" that the financial risk is the possibility of corporate insolvency and shareholders, the proceeds of uncertainty, it is difficult because of enterprise funds, to adopt a different mode of financing brought about by risk.　　Starting from the analysis of financial risk on its meaning, characteristics and types of content; at this based on the causes of the financial risk to conduct in-depth analysis and detailed research, analysis concludes that the financial risks arising from internal factors and external aspects; in turn, establish a risk awareness, the establishment of an effective risk prevention mechanism; set up and improve the financial management system to meet the financial management of environmental change; set up the financial risk early warning mechanism, strengthen the financial crisis management; improve the scientific level of financial decision-making to prevent due to poor decisions arising from the financial risk; through internal systems to prevent the establishment of binding mechanisms to control and guard against financial risk in five areas of financial risk prevention measures as well as self-insurance, diversification of risk control, risk transfer, risk averse, risk reducing the five techniques. Only controlled enterprises to guard against and defuse financial risks, in order to ensure that enterprises in the fierce competition in the market in an invincible position.　　The causes of the financial risks　　(A) external causes　　1, the national policy changes brought about by the financing risk. Generally speaking, small and medium-sized production and operation because of instability. A country"s economy or monetary policy changes, there may be small and medium-sized production and management, market conditions and financing forms have a certain impact. Beginning in 2007, our country has increased the intensity of macroeconomic regulation and control, the central bank to raise the fourth time the deposit reserve ratio, in particular, are ready to implement the difference between a direct deposit system to make small and medium-sized service-oriented small and medium-sized commercial banks to tighten credit, SMEs First of all, the capital supply disruption, the risk of inviting a lot of financing, SMEs also in urgent need of funds can not be forced to stop production or the scale of downsizing. 2, bank financing channels for non-financial risks caused by fluid. Corporate sources of funds are nothing more than its own funds and external financing in two ways. In various modes of financing, the bank credit is also an important source of funds, but banks in the country"s financial policies as well as their own sound system is not under the influence of such circumstances, the general enthusiasm for SME lending is not high, their loans more difficult to increase the the enterprise"s financial risk.　　(B) internal factors one, blind expansion of investment scale. There is a considerable number of conditions are not ripe for the SMEs in the circumstances, only the experience of one-sided pursuit of companies to determine the expansion of the extension, ignore the company"s content and core competitiveness, resulting in a major capital investment wasted. 2, the investment decision-making errors. For business, the correct selection of industries are the starting point for the survival and development strategy. However, some industrial enterprises in the selection process, the often overlooked "industry is a dynamic selection process" concept, should not a keen grasp of industry trends and direction of evolution. 3, improper selection of investment partners. Enterprises to make investment decisions, we must give full consideration to qualified partners, reputation, and should have to bear the corresponding risks. 4, less than honest. Lack of SME credit is a common situation. Therefore, small and medium-sized banks to provide loans or investments to small and medium-sized people had to step up investment on human resources in order to improve the quality of information collection and analysis. This respect has increased the investment bank or person lending and investment costs. On the other hand also give small and medium enterprises financing difficult. Ability to finance capital, to finance the number of funds, the financing of SMEs exist great uncertainties.

我们（还）可以做些什么去改进人类和大自然之间的关系？

税制改革的理论与实践 第一节 工商税制改革 The reform in the tax system of industry and commerce 第二节 我国工商税制改革的基本思路和方向 The ideas and directions of tax administration and reform 第三节 农村税制改革 The reform in tax and charges in the country Business School of NENU 第一节 工商税制改革 一、工商税制改革的主要理论 (the leading theory of tax reform of industry and commerce) 二、世界各国税制改革的实践 (practice of tax reform in developed country) 三、我国工商税制的现状和进一步改革的方向 (actuality of the tax system of industry and commerce in China and reform in the future) 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第一节 工商税制改革 一、工商税制改革的主要理论 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU 工商税改 主要理论 公平课税论 (theory of equitable taxation) 最适课税论 (theory of optimal taxation) 财政交换论 (theory of fiscal exchange) Business School of NENU 第一节 工商税制改革 （一）公平课税论 1、代表人物。 亨利·西蒙斯(Simons，1938) 西蒙斯的哲学思想根植于古典自由主义，强调个人自由是基本价值观，然后才是公平。他的经济纲领需要的是使政治干预经济生活最小化的制度和政策，且必须提供的服务是私人部门不能有效提供的服务，并通过再分配产生更大的公平。政府在设计和改革税制时，必须建立这样一种课税方法，这种方法既能按照公平原则筹措资金，又能限制政治程序对市场经济的干预。实现这种双重目标的课税方法，关键在于选择适当的税基。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第一节 工商税制改革 （一）公平课税论 2、基本思想。 1.主要强调横向公平目标，几乎不涉及纵向公平，主张将纵向公平留给政治程序去解决。 2.把税收问题与政府支出政策分开讨论。 3.以税基的综合性和税收待遇的统一性作为指导原则。 4.主张按纳税能力来纳税，但纳税能力的大小不用效用理论来衡量，其衡量方法，即所得（纳税能力）等于适当会计期间消费加上应计净财富的变化，使之直接对应于可计量的现金流量。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第一节 工商税制改革 （一）公平课税论 3、公平课税论的理性税制——根据综合所得，对宽所得税税基课征累进的个人直接税。 其中综合所得（毛所得）包括：工资和薪金、经营所得，资本所得、租金、特许权使用证、附加福利、耐用消费品的估算租金、转让所得、养老金所得以及赠与和遗产所得等。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第一节 工商税制改革 （一）公平课税论 4、使用宽税基的缺陷。 导致税法复杂化，税务成本增加 助长避税和扭曲行为。 5、公平课税论在实践中进一步完善的方向——间接消费税和为社会保障、保健和相关支出融资的工资税或工薪税等税种的合理搭配。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第一节 工商税制改革 （二）最适课税论 1、代表人物。 古典经济学家穆勒“牺牲理论”——他主张按平等牺牲理论求得保税公平与最小牺牲。 庇古“福利经济学”——他断言高收入者的货币边际效用小于低收入者的货币边际效用。国家通过累进所得税政策把向富人征得的税款用来举办社会福利设施，让低收入者享用，通过这一途径实现“把富人的一部分钱转移给穷人”的“收入均等化”，就可以使社会经济福利极大化。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第一节 工商税制改革 （二）最适课税论 1、代表人物。 詹姆斯·米尔利斯+威廉·维克里（1996年的诺比尔经济学奖）“最适课税论”——该理论研究如何以最经济合理的方法征集某些大宗税款的理论，以资源配置的效率性和收入分配的公平性为准则，对构建经济合理的税制结构进行分析，即以怎样的方式、方法对应税行为和结果进行合理的征税。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第一节 工商税制改革 （二）最适课税论 2、主要内容。 ⑴ 直接税与间接税搭配理论 直接税与间接税各有优点，应当是相互补充，而非相互替代。 税制模式的选择取决于政府的政策目标在公平和效率之间的权衡。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第一节 工商税制改革 （二）最适课税论 2、主要内容。 ⑵ 最适商品课税理论 逆弹性命题——在最适课税体系中，当各个商品的需求相互独立时，对各种商品适用的税率必须与该商品自身的价格弹性成反比例。 优点：可使税收超额负担最小化。 缺点：使贫困者的税收负担大于富裕者。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第一节 工商税制改革 （二）最适课税论 2、主要内容。 ⑵ 最适商品课税理论 最适商品课税要求开征扭曲性税收——需要制定一套差别税率，使税收具有再分配功能。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第一节 工商税制改革 ⑶ 最适所得课税理论 所得税的边际税率不能过高。 ——边际税率越高，替代效应越大，高收入有可能放弃工作，导致政府的税收收入反而低于低税率下的税收收入，导致经济效率损失。 ——边际效率过高无益于公平分配目标的实现。因其只限制了收入者的收入，无助于享受固定免税额和补助额的低收入者。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第一节 工商税制改革 ⑶ 最适所得课税理论 最适所得税率应当呈“倒U型” ——中等收入者的边际税率可以适当高些。 ——低收入者和高收入者的边际税率应使用相对较低的税率。 ——拥有最高所得的个人适用的边际税率甚至可以为零。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第一节 工商税制改革 ⑶ 最适所得课税理论 最适所得课税理论的贡献： ——信心不对称的存在，导致政府运用“扭曲型”税收工具在所难免。 ——提出了税制经济效率的衡量标准，并讨论论了如何据此对经济行为主体提供刺激信号。 ——公平与效率两个原则统一起来的可能性。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第一节 工商税制改革 （三）财政交换论 1、代表人物。 魏克赛尔(Wicksell,1896) 自愿交换理论——税收通过政治程序对个人或利益集团进行分配，应当求得国家付给个人的边际效用等于个人因纳税而损失的财富的边际效用。换一个角度来说，纳税人根据自己对共用品数量的效用判断和承担相应的税收份额的意愿，在交换中选择最佳的共用品数量和税收份额匹配，达成一种每个参与者都能接受的协议。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第一节 工商税制改革 （三）财政交换论 2、主要观点。 ⑴ 对政府征税的能力必须从宪法上予以限制 ⑵ 财政交换论研究的重点是选择税基和税率结构，将政府的总税收收入限制在理想的水平范围内 ⑶ 宪法对政府可利用的税基性质进行限制，有助于确保政府所提供的公共物品的水平和类型符合公民的意愿 ⑷ 要从宪法上制约政府制定税收差别待遇 ⑸ 政府应该取消对资本的课税 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第一节 工商税制改革 二、世界各国税制改革的实践和趋势 （一）所得税：降低税率、拓宽税基、减少税率档次 1、个人所得税。 ⑴ 个人所得税税率降低表现在最高边际效率的降低。 ⑵ 个人所得税基的拓宽：外延拓宽——扩大征税范围；内涵拓宽——减少税收优惠。 ⑶ 减少个人所得税税率的档次。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第一节 工商税制改革 二、世界各国税制改革的实践和趋势 （一）所得税：降低税率、拓宽税基、减少税率档次 2、公司所得税。 ⑴ 税率普遍有所降低。 ⑵ 公司所得税基的拓宽主要靠内涵拓宽——限制或取消了特定的刺激计划、投资抵免、财产相关税收庇护等。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第一节 工商税制改革 2、公司所得税和个人所得税一体化。 ⑴ 公司层面上 股息扣除法——允许公司从应税所得中扣除全部或部分已支付的股息。 分税率制——对作为股息分配的利润按低税率课征，而对保留收益或为分配利润课以高税率 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第一节 工商税制改革 ⑵ 个人（股东）层面上 归属法——个人（股东）可以从其股息所得（还原成纳税前的毛所得）缴纳的个人所得税款中扣除公司对该股息已缴纳的全部或部分税款。 股息免税法——在分配之前，公司来源按公司税率征税；分配时的股息全部或部分课征或全部（部分）免征个人所得税。 税收抵免制——允许从合乎奖励规定的支出中，以一定比例从其应纳税额中扣除。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第一节 工商税制改革 二、世界各国税制改革的实践和趋势 （二）一般消费税：普遍开征增值税、提高标准税率、制定标准化的增值税 1、从选择性征收向普遍性征收转变。 2、采用合适的税率——理想“消费型，目的地征税，扣税法，三档税率”。 3、实行增值税的协调统一。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第一节 工商税制改革 二、世界各国税制改革的实践和趋势 （三）开征“绿色税收”，重视税收对生态环境保护的作用 1、“绿色税收”即环境税收，是指对破坏环境和污染环境的行为征税。如：水污染税，二氧化硫税，二氧化碳税，噪音税等。 2、绿色税收是世界各国税制改革的重点。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第二节 我国工商税制改革的基本思路和方向 一、税收管理的概念 (concept of tax administration) 二、税收管理理论 (the theories of tax administration from different angles) 三、我国工商税制改革的思路和方向 (the ideas and directions of tax administration and reform in China) 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第二节 我国工商税制改革的基本思路和方向 一、税收管理的概念 税收管理是指主管税收工作的职能部门，代表国家对税收分配的全过程所进行的计划、组织、协调和监督工作，旨在保证财政收入及时足额入库，充分发挥税收对经济的调节作用。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第二节 我国工商税制改革的基本思路和方向 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU 税收征收管理 狭义的税收管理 广义的税收管理 税收法制管理、 税收计划管理 税务行政管理 Business School of NENU 第二节 我国工商税制改革的基本思路和方向 二、税收管理理论 税收管理与管理学——帕累托“二八定律”管理思维的运用 帕累托二八定律即80/20法则，是经济学的一个原理，它体现的是效率的概念——抓好20％的工作就可以赢得80％的业绩，由此达到事半功倍的效果。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 二八定律 1897年，意大利经济学家帕累托（1848-1923）偶然注意到英国人的财富和收益模式，于是潜心研究这一模式，帕累托研究发现，社会上的大部分财富被少数人占有了，而且这一部分人口占总人口的比例，与这些人所拥有的财富数量，具有极不平衡的关系。同时，这种不平衡的模式会重复出现，而且也是可以提前预测的。 于是，帕累托从大量具体的事实中归纳出一个简单而让人不可思议的结论：“社会上20％的人占有社会80％的财富” 。 二八定律揭示了这样一个真理，即投入与产出、努力与收获、原因和结果之间，普遍存在着不平衡关系。小部分的努力，可以获得大的收获；起关键作用的小部分，通常就能主宰整个组织的产出、盈亏和成败。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第二节 我国工商税制改革的基本思路和方向 三、我国税收制度改革的思路 “简税制、宽税基、低税率、严征管” ——统一税法，公平税负，规范政府分配方式，提高税收征管效率。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第二节 我国工商税制改革的基本思路和方向 三、我国税收制度改革的思路 （一）商品税和所得税改革 1、商品税改革 生产型增值税向消费型增值税转变（2009年1月1日）； 在实践中让增值税兼具征收范围广和税率统一的特点（横向包括农林牧业，采矿业，制造业，建筑业，能源交通业，商业等行业；纵向涵盖原材料、加工、批发、零售等所有环节）。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第二节 我国工商税制改革的基本思路和方向 2、所得税改革 现行：分项征收，分类计税，累进税率只适用部分项目。 理想模式：综合课征制。 现实选择：综合和分类相结合的课征模式（对一部分有连续性或经常性的收入项目实行综合征收，累进税率，如：工资薪金，承包承租经营所得，劳务报酬所得，财产租赁所得；对包括财产转让所得、特许权使用费所得、稿酬所得、股息、红利以及偶然所得等，按比例税率分项课征。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第二节 我国工商税制改革的基本思路和方向 三、我国税收制度改革的思路 （二）资源税和财产税改革 1、资源税改革 提高税率：真实反映级差地租，利于资源的节约和合理开发） 改革计征方式： 目前：从量计征（吨或立方米） 未来：从价计征（税收与资源的市场价格直接挂钩） 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第二节 我国工商税制改革的基本思路和方向 三、我国税收制度改革的思路 （二）资源税和财产税改革 2、财产税改革 统一名称“财产税”，整合税种：如：整合现行的房产税、城市房地产税、城镇土地使用税和耕地占用税，设置“房地产”税目。 拓宽税基：如从不动产扩大到兼顾固定资产以及具有财产价值的权利等。 适度分权。 提高财产税比重。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第二节 我国工商税制改革的基本思路和方向 三、我国税收制度改革的思路 （三）尽快建立绿色税收体系——环境税 1、环境税 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU 广义的环境税 污染排放税、自然资源税等以及实现特定环境目的而筹集资金的税种，以及政府影响与环境相关的经济活动的税收手段。 狭义的环境税 同污染控制相关的税收和税收手段，如排污税和针对原材料、中间产品等征收的消费税 Business School of NENU 第二节 我国工商税制改革的基本思路和方向 三、我国税收制度改革的思路 （三）尽快建立绿色税收体系——环境税 2、环境税改革的可行途径： 梳理、整合并进一步完善现行的有关环境保护税税种和环保措施； 增设必要的新税种(如排污税)； 保留必要的生态环境补偿收费。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第三节 农村税费改革 一、农村税费改革的方针和内容 (the nature of reform in tax and charges in the country) 二、全面范围取消农业税 (cancel the agricultural tax in the range of the whole country) 三、推进农村综合改革，维护农村税费改革的成果 (propel the comprehensive reform in country, protect the achievement for countryside taxes reform) 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第三节 农村税费改革 一、农村税费改革的方针和内容 （一）农村税费改革的由来 1、农民收入增长缓慢（最根本、最突出） 解决之道：加快非农业化和城镇化进程，减少农村人口，提高农村的科技含量，调整农业产业结构等。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第三节 农村税费改革 一、农村税费改革的方针和内容 （一）农村税费改革的由来 2、农民负担过重。 成因：一是行政机构冗余，支出庞大；二是现存税制导致的税负不公；三是乱收费、乱集资、乱摊派情况；四是公共设施和义务教育供给缺乏。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第三节 农村税费改革 一、农村税费改革的方针和内容 （二）农村税费改革的方针、内容和效果 1、农村税费改革的方针 （1）原则：“减轻、规范、稳定”——切实减轻农民负担，从制度上规范国家、集体和农民之间的分配关系及分配方式，在此基础上，使农民的税负水平在一个较长的时期内保持稳定。 （2）目标：“三个确保”——确保农民负担得到明显减轻而不反弹，确保乡镇机构和村级组织正常运作，确保农村义务教育经费不受影响。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第三节 农村税费改革 一、农村税费改革的方针和内容 （二）农村税费改革的方针、内容和效果 2、农村税费改革的主要内容 三个取消——取消乡统筹费、农村教育集资等专门向农民征收的行政事业性收费，政府性基金和集资； 两个调整——调整农（牧）业税和农业特产税 一项改革——改革村提留征收使用办法。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第三节 农村税费改革 一、农村税费改革的方针和内容 （二）农村税费改革的方针、内容和效果 3、农村税费改革已经取得明显效果 农民税负大幅减轻； 促进了农民收入的增长； 改进了干群关系，有利于农村稳定； 推动了农村基层民主制度建设进程。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第三节 农村税费改革 二、全国范围内取消农业税 （一）农业税推出历史舞台 我国原来的农（牧）业税收制度。 1、农业税——对一切从事农业生产、有农业收益的单位和个人征收的一种税。 2、牧业税——对牧区、半牧区从事畜牧业生产的单位和个人征收的一种税。 3、农业特产税——对农业特产收入征收的税。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第三节 农村税费改革 二、全国范围内取消农业税 （二）取消农业税的重大历史意义 1、取消农业税是我国税收制度改革中的一个标志性事件。 2、体现城乡居民公平负担、统一纳税原则。 3、工业反哺农业，促进农业发展，增加农民收入，加快新农村建设，消除城乡差别。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第三节 农村税费改革 三、推进农村综合改革，维护农村税费改革的成果 （一）以“黄宗羲定律”为戒，防止反弹 明末清初的思想家黄宗羲在研究历代赋税制度更迭演变的基础上发现：每次农村税费改革，农民负担在下降一段时间后，由于种种原因，反而会涨到一个比改革前更高的水平，走向了原先改革目的的反面。该种现象被称为“黄宗羲定律”。 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 第三节 农村税费改革 三、推进农村综合改革，维护农村税费改革的成果 （二）积极推进农村综合改革 1．进一步落实乡镇机构的“精兵简政” 2．改革农村义务教育的保障体制 3．调整和改革现行财政体制 4．逐步化解农村隐性债务 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 本章小结 【关键词】 税收管理 农村税费改革 黄宗熙定律 【复习与思考】 1、简述公平课税论、税收最适论和财政交换论 2、简述开征绿色税收的社会经济意义 3、简述我国工商税制改革的方向和内容 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU Business School of NENU 东北师范大学商学院 Business School of NENU 　 自尊不是轻人，自信不是自满，独立不是孤立。

没分啊？得加分啊

大前天，我爸爸出差 ，我哭着依依不舍地和爸爸告别。爸爸说没事儿，后天我就回来了。那天因为爸爸出差这件事，我好伤心啊。中午的时候，妈妈说：“儿子，你应该习惯爸爸的出差，因为分别是人之常情。” 妈妈同时又说：“也正是因为你和爸爸感情好，所以才对爸爸的.出差而恋恋不舍。”妈妈说得太对了，因为要是我和爸爸不好的话，爸爸走就走了，我就不会伤心了。 The day before yesterday, my father was on a business trip. I cried and said goodbye to my father. Dad said it"s OK. I"ll be back the day after tomorrow. I was so sad that my father was on a business trip that day. At noon, mom said, "son, you should get used to Dad"s business trip, because it"s human nature to be different." At the same time, the mother said, "it"s because of your good relationship with Dad that you are reluctant to part with dad"s business trip." Mom is right, because if Dad and I are not good, dad will leave, and I will not be sad. 前天，我已经把这个事渐渐地淡忘了。所以我昨天不太伤心。 The day before yesterday, I had forgotten it gradually. So I was not very sad yesterday. 昨天下午，爸爸回来了，我才想起爸爸出差这回事儿。我赶紧和爸爸拥抱了一下。 Yesterday afternoon, Dad came back, I just think of dad"s business trip. I gave Dad a hug. 爸爸回来了，真是一个美好的日子呀！ It"s a wonderful day for Dad to come back!

时代整个儿脱节了；啊，真糟，天生偏要我把它重新整好！These are strange times. But the unhappiest time of all was the day that I was born.——哈姆雷特《哈姆雷特》一幕五场我爱欧菲莉亚，四万个兄弟之爱加起来也不足我所给予她之爱。I loved Ophelia too! Forty thousand brothers could not love her as much as I did!——哈姆雷特《哈姆雷特》五幕一场天地之大，赫瑞修，比你所能梦想到的多出更多。There are more things in heaven and earth than you"ve ever dream of, Horatio.——哈姆雷特《哈姆雷特》一幕五场我不惧毁灭，更不在乎今生或来世；我可任其来之，只要我能彻底的为我父亲复仇！It doesn"t matter what happens to me in this world or the next. But I will have revenge for my father!——雷尔提《哈姆雷特》四幕五场你们这辈愚人！我和我的同伴们都是运命的使者。You fools! I and my fellows are ministers of fate.——爱丽儿《暴风雨》三幕三场这真叫人像堕入五里雾中一样！这种事情一定有一个超自然的势力在那儿指挥着。This is as strange a maze as e"er men trod; And there is in this business more than nature Was ever conduct of.——阿隆佐《暴风雨》五幕一场让我们不要把过去的不幸重压在我们的记忆上。Let us not burden our remembrances with a heaviness that"s gone.——普洛斯彼罗《暴风雨》五幕一场我们都是坏蛋，千万别相信我们。Men lie. Believe none of us.——哈姆雷特《哈姆雷特》三幕一场现在我已把我的魔法尽行抛弃，剩余微弱的力量都属于我自己。Now my charms are all o"erthrown, And what strength I have"s mine own, Which is most faint.——普洛斯彼罗《暴风雨》收场诗至少也要献出一个奇迹来，使它给与您安慰，正像我的公国安慰了我一样。At least bring forth a wonder, to content ye As much as me my dukedom. ——普洛斯彼罗《暴风雨》五幕一场不久我们有了空暇，我便可以简简单单地向您解答这种种奇迹，使您觉得这一切的发生，未尝不是可能的事。现在请高兴起来，把什么事都往好的方面着想吧。At pick"d leisure, Which shall be shortly, single I"ll resolve you, Which to you shall seem probable, of every These happen"d accidents; till when, be cheerful and think of each thing well.——普洛斯彼罗《暴风雨》五幕一场【世界脱节了，这是怎样一个被诅咒的因果啊，竟是因为纠正它而生！（The time is out of joint; O cursed spite, that ever I was born toset it right!）】——《哈姆雷特（第一幕第五场）》

　　《教父》英文剧情介绍：　　The story begins as "Don" Vito Corleone, the head of a New York Mafia "family", oversees his daughter"s wedding. His beloved son Michael has just come home from the war, but does not intend to become part of his father"s business. Through Michael"s life the nature of the family business becomes clear. The business of the family is just like the head of the family, kind and benevolent to those who give respect, but given to ruthless violence whenever anything stands against the good of the family. Don Vito lives his life in the way of the old country, but times are changing and some don"t want to follow the old ways and look out for community and "family". An up and coming rival of the Corleone family wants to start selling drugs in New York, and needs the Don"s influence to further his plan. The clash of the Don"s fading old world values and the new ways will demand a terrible price, especially from Michael, all for the sake of the family.　　Vito Corleone is the aging don (head) of the Corleone Mafia Family. His youngest son Michael has returned from WWII just in time to see the wedding of Connie Corleone (Michael"s sister) to Carlo Rizzi. All of Michael"s family is involved with the Mafia, but Michael just wants to live a normal life. Drug dealer Virgil Sollozzo is looking for Mafia Families to offer him protection in exchange for a profit of the drug money. He approaches Don Corleone about it, but, much against the advice of the Don"s lawyer Tom Hagen, the Don is morally against the use of drugs, and turns down the offer. This does not please Sollozzo, who has the Don shot down by some of his hit men. The Don barely survives, which leads his son Michael to begin a violent mob war against Sollozzo and tears the Corleone family apart.　　《肖申克的救赎》英文剧情介绍：　　Andy Dufresne is a young and successful banker whose life changes drastically when he is convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of his wife and her lover. Set in the 1940"s, the film shows how Andy, with the help of his friend Red, the prison entrepreneur, turns out to be a most unconventional prisoner. Written by Martin Lewison　　After the murder of his wife, hotshot banker Andrew Dufresne is sent to Shawshank Prison, where the usual unpleasantness occurs. Over the years, he retains hope and eventually gains the respect of his fellow inmates, especially longtime convict "Red" Redding, a black marketeer, and becomes influential within the prison. Eventually, Andrew achieves his ends on his own terms.　　Andy Dufresne, is sent to Shawshank Prison for the murder of his wife and secret lover. He is very isolated and lonely at first, but realises there is something deep inside your body, that people can"t touch and get to...."HOPE". Andy becomes friends with prison "fixer" Red (Morgan Freeman), and Andy epitomises why it is crucial to have dreams. His spirit and determination, leads us into a world full of imagination, filled with courage and desire. Will Andy ever realise his dreams...?　　《辛德勒的名单》英文剧情介绍：　　Oskar Schindler is a vain, glorious and greedy German businessman who becomes unlikely humanitarian amid the barbaric Nazi reign when he feels compelled to turn his factory into a refuge for Jews. Based on the true story of Oskar Schindler who managed to save about 1100 Jews from being gassed at the Auschwitz concentration camp. A testament for the good in all of us.　　The true story of Czech born Oskar Schindler, a businessman who tried to make his fortune during the Second World War by exploiting cheap Jewish labour, but ended up penniless having saved over 1000 Polish Jews from almost certain death during the holocaust.　　The true story of Oscar Schindler, a German businessman who owns a factory. He witnesses the horrifying visions of the Holocaust and the toll it takes on the Jewish people. Eventually, he creates a list of over 1100 Jews whom he saves from death.　　"Schindler"s List" is the based-on-truth story of Nazi Czech business man Oskar Schindler, who uses Jewish labor to start a factory in occupied Poland. As World War II progresses, and the fate of the Jews becomes more and more clear, Schindler"s motivations switch from profit to human sympathy and he is able to save over 1100 Jews from death in the gas chambers.

呵呵 全英文的 要全看懂起码要一个星期！！

施普林格·自然是一家致力于为全球科研界提供最佳服务的出版机构。2015年5月6日，欧盟和美国司法部等商业竞争监管机构已批准施普林格科学与商业媒体（SpringerScience+BusinessMedia）和与麦克米伦科学与教育（MacmillanScienceandEducation）多数业务的合并。合并后的新公司将被命名为“施普林格?自然”（SpringerNature）。因此SpringerNature电子期刊包括了原Springer电子期刊和原Palgrave电子期刊。SpringerNature旗下有2190多种高品质期刊，是优秀的高影响力的自然科学研究论文。

在长江的入海口上海，这里有全中国最大的重工业区，同时，它的水资源也污染的也最为严重。 现在，这条大坝将会使更大的船只沿江从下游向上游的航行更为快捷，同时也更便于下游同上游开展业务往来。 中国已经采取了一些措施来限制人们将污染物向长江的岸边或者是水中倾倒，世界银行已经制订了一项长江水净化方案，中国政府也已经在长江主要的支流——外河的“优先净化领域”协议中签了字。中国也已经关闭了一些长江沿岸污染最为严重的工厂——他们生产的纸和果肉等加工产品大多不合格。 这些政府的努力面临重重困难，其中一个主要的问题就是由于地方经费的挪用和浪费，这使得中央拨发的资金往往不能够做到专款专用——而这个问题，大概只有当中国彻底解决了贫困问题、国家公务员素质的提高问题以及公务员薪金过低的问题之后，才能消失。 在一个于短时间内迅速繁荣起来的国家里，许多真正能够解决问题的方法往往都需要长期的、不断的补充和更新，同时，它也必然会面临很多棘手的问题。比如说，它提供的就业机会必须在木材业和污染严重的工业之间两者择一，或者是它必须用净化技术来代替旧的工厂，同时还必须增加水治理计划。 至少，这是向人口素质教育的一次挑战。当游客们乘坐着游轮泛渚江上，为眼前这美丽的景色而赞叹不已的时候，许多愉快的人们却将手中的香烟头 、塑料快餐盒、矿泉水瓶子和其他一些包装盒随手扔进了将水中。而游船在将他们船上的旅客送到武汉之前，则将三天之内船上所有旅客生活产生的污水统统排放到了长江里。 the mouth of the Yangtze River in Shanghai, there are all of China"s largest heavy industrial area, at the same time, it is also the pollution of water resources is also the most serious. Now, this dam will make a bigger boats along the river upstream from the downstream navigation is more efficient, but also easier to carry out upstream and downstream with the upstream business. China has taken some measures to restrict the pollutants from the Yangtze River on the shore or in the water dumping, the World Bank has developed a water purification program of the Yangtze River, the Chinese government has also been a major tributary of the Yangtze River - the river outside the "priority Purification field "agreement signed. China has also closed a number of the most serious along the Yangtze River pollution plant - they produce processed products such as paper and pulp are mostly unqualified. Government"s efforts to face these difficulties, one of the main problems is due to diversion and waste of local funds, which makes the central allocated funds often can not be used for other purposes - and this problem, probably only when China completely solved the problem of poverty , improving the quality of the national civil service issues and the problem of excessively low salaries of civil servants before they could disappear. In a short time flourished in the country, many of the real solution to the problem can often require long-term, continuous additions and updates at the same time, it is bound to face many difficult issues. For example, it provides employment opportunities to be in the timber industry and the polluting industries choose one between the two, or it must use clean technologies to replace the old plant, but also need to increase the water treatment plan. At least, this is a quality education to the population challenge. When the tourists take a cruise on the river pan-Nagisa for the front of the beautiful scenery and amazed at the time, and many happy people puts in the hands of cigarette butts, plastic fast-food containers, mineral water bottles and other readily thrown in the box will be in the water. The cruise ship passengers in their until sent to Wuhan, it will, within three days, the lives of all passengers on board were all discharged sewage into the Yangtze River.

你说的对，这三个词中的ed都发 [ id ]，是不符合发音规则。但是要知道，不符合发音规则的词比比皆是，这就要靠自己去记。

是的，ou发w，音标是这样的：[swu025b]

strawberry的复数：strawberries。strawberry是可数名词，单数变复数遵循以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的可数名词，变y为i再加es。例如：dictionary－dictionaries（词典），family－families（家）。释义：n． 草莓（strawberry的复数）；（粤）士多啤梨strawberry的复数形式例句：1、He has a strawberry．改为复数句：He have some strawberries．2、This is a red strawberry．改成复数：these are red strawberries．扩展资料：可数名词复数变化规则如下：1、直接在名词词尾加s，如：car-cars；2、以s，x，ch，sh 结尾的可数名词，在词尾加es。如：bus-buses；3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的可数名词，变y为i再加es。如：dictionary-dictionaries；4、以f或fe结尾的可数名词，变f或fe为v，再加es。例如：knife-knives；5、以o结尾的可数名词，词意是无生命的名词加s，有生命的名词加es。例如：photo-photos和hero-heroes。

英国人生性保守，相当尊重传统，因而保留著相当多的古迹、传统文物与各式各样的博物馆，其中不免有传统的包袱，譬如现仍存在的皇室与贵族，以及无法翻新改建、维修却昂贵的传统建筑。与同为英语系的国家相比，英国的社会和民族性与美国便有极大的差异，以一般生活水准而言，其现代化与舒适化的程度赶不上美国；在一般日常办事的效率上亦难与美国相比。一般英国人不若美国人那般开朗率直，不会主动与陌生人搭讪，出发点则是著重不探人隐私。英国人若是与陌生人攀谈，也会相当保留，而且话题常围绕在天气打转，因为这是最不会触及个人隐私的题材。一般而言，英国人不若美国人那麼容易交上朋友，但一旦交上了一位英国朋友，可能就是一辈子的朋友。英国人一般颇以自己的传统文化为荣，重视具有艺术与文化内涵的休闲生活。英国人一点都不自大。英国人只是比较尊重个人生活与思想空间，所以感觉起来好像比较冷漠而已。而且英国的种族岐视问题比美国少太多了。英国人早就知道自己已不是这世界的老大，但美国人现在是以自己为老大自尊。撇开英美两国政府的态度姑且不谈，只以人民的态度而言，英国人（英格兰人／威尔斯人）是很有礼貌且谦卑严谨的民族，其实跟中国古代文人社会或儒家思想很像。蘇格兰人则性情比较刚烈一点，一般北方民族大都如此。英国人崇尚“绅士风度”和“淑女风范”，讲究“女士优先”。在日常生活中，英国人注意仪表，讲究穿著，男士每天都要刮脸，凡外出进行社交活动，都要穿深色的西服，但忌戴条纹的领带；女士则应著西式套裙或连衣裙。英国人的见面礼是握手礼，戴著帽子的男士在与英国人握手时，最好先摘下帽子再向对方示敬。但切勿与英国人交叉握手，因为那样会构成晦气的十字形，也要避免交叉乾杯。与英国人交谈时，应注视著对方的头部，并不时与之交换眼神。与人交往时，注重用敬语“请”、“谢谢”“对不起”等。奉行“不问他人是非”的信条，也不愿接纳别人进入自己的私人生活领域，把家当成“私人城堡”，不经邀请谁也不能进入，甚至邻里之间也绝少往来。非工作时间即为“私人时间”，一般不进行公事活动，若在就餐时谈及公事更是犯大忌而使人生厌。日常生活绝对按事先安排的日程进行，时间观念极强。在公关谈判中，英国人说话、办事，都喜欢讲传统、重程式，对於谈判对手的身份、风度和修养，他们看得很重。通常英国客商不太重视谈判的准备工作，但他们能随机应变，能攻善守英国人交际活动，对以下特殊礼俗和禁忌应加以注意：①不要随便闯入别人的家。但若受到对方的邀请，则应欣然而往。这无疑可理解为对方在发出商务合作可能顺利实现的信号。但在访问时，最好不要涉及商务，不要忘记给女士带上一束鲜花或巧克力。②给英国女士送鲜花时，宜送单数，不要送双数和13枝 不要送英国人认为象徵死亡的菊花和百合花。③不要以英国皇室的隐私作为谈资。英女王被视为其国家的象徵。④忌用人像作为商品的装潢。喜欢蔷蔽花，忌白象、猫头鹰、孔雀商标图案。⑤忌随便将任何英国人都称英国人，一般将英人称“不列颠人”或具体称为“英格兰人”、“ 格兰人”等。⑥英国人最忌讳打喷嚏，他们一向将流感视为一种大病。英国式传统早餐(通常在B&B中就可以享用得到)和下午茶了。英国式早餐包括了熏肉、香肠、荷包蛋、蕃茄、果酱土司、各式玉米片(Cornflakes)和牛奶调成的可口麦片粥。至於英国四面环海，并以畜养业为主，因此海鲜与烧烤也有一定的水准。生蠔与熏鲑鱼、烧烤牛肉、羊肉料理都相当地具有英国特色。至於在各地都可以吃到的炸鱼薯条(Fish & Chips)，可说是英国食物的道地代表作。 下午茶则为严肃的英国人生活增添些许浪漫色彩。通常一到下午三点到四点之间，可以看到英国人陆续放下手边的工作，喝杯咖啡或道地英国奶茶，顺便藉此联络同事间的感情，当然更是谈八卦的好时机。至於正统的英式下午茶，除了有讲究的茶具、茶叶外，精致的糕点更是不可或缺。在阴凉舒适的美景外，来份优闲的下午茶，正是人生一大乐趣也!英 国 人 的 饮 食 习 惯 早餐　　传统的英式早餐有煎培根、香肠和煎土司。这叫做「煎食」。但现在多数人都很忙，没办法每天都吃这种丰盛的早餐，所以现在最流行的早餐种类有：﹒一碗玉米片加牛奶﹔﹒一些优格加新鲜水果﹔﹒土司涂果酱，通常在早餐时喝茶、咖啡、或果汁。英国人仍在周未享用传统的英式早餐。各个旅馆或饭店，尤其是大家所熟知的家庭式旅馆(B&B"s)皆有供应传统的英式早餐。午餐　　英国人的中餐很快就解决，不像义大利人。通常午餐只需三十到四十分钟，许多英国人吃三明治，或许是因为三明治是英国发明的。通常人们早上在家做好三明治，然後在午餐时间食用，三明治是英国人的便当。同样受欢迎的午餐为烤马铃薯。点心在英国相当普遍，特别是巧克力，且特别在早上约十一点和下午三点。英国儿童是世界上吃甜食最甚者，这使得英国牙医非常忙碌。晚餐　　晚餐是一天中的主餐，且通常有两道菜－肉或鱼加蔬菜，之候有甜点（也就是布丁）。英国小孩都知道在吃布丁前要把肉和蔬菜吃光光。冷冻熟食在英国相当普遍，几乎每个家庭都有微波炉，且通常英国人（尤其是学生会买一份冷冻熟食，放进微波炉，边看电视边吃－这叫做吃「电视晚餐」。）外国食物也相当受英国欢迎。超市里摆满了琳琅满目的印式、中式、意式、希腊式和日式食物－事实上是来自世界各地的食品。晚餐後通常要来上一杯茶（当然要加牛奶！）▲英国的进餐习俗可以归纳为「早餐吃饱，午餐潦草，晚餐吃好。」其重大宴请均在夜间举行。除了一日三餐外，还有一次「下午茶」，通常是下午三到四点的时候，喝杯咖啡或道地英国奶茶，也顺便藉此连络彼此的感情。▲英国的海鲜与烧烤如：生蠔与熏鲑鱼、烧烤牛肉、羊肉料理都相当具有其特色。而正统家乡菜，从冷盤的「松软洋芋沙拉」、「豆蔻奶油腌鲜鲑」，及家常菜「英式肉肠卷」、和英国小吃「炸鲜鱼与薯条」，一直到熟食「羊肉薯泥雪柏派」、「碳烤明虾佐香蒜」等，都是英国饮食文化的传统烹调及料理。最具代表性的如：烧烤、炖、煮、清、浓汤、素菜面包、饼乾及各式蛋糕、派类，典型的「牧羊人派」、「烤牛肉」、「樱桃璀芙」及「巧克力海绵布丁」，还有像是英式烤饼、三明治、温冷点心、奶油?果酱跟不可或缺的红茶。▲酒馆文化是英国风情之一，在pubs里最重要的饮料当然是啤酒（beers）。众多的酒精饮料中，beer的主要几个大类依其苦味不同而分为：淡啤酒（lager），苦啤酒（bitter），黑啤酒（stout），及英国啤酒（ale）。另一种则是由苹果所酿造的苹果酒（cider） 。英国是个历史悠久的国家,英国很讲究绅士风度，这一点在吃英国菜时也能体会到。有个说法，是说人生不得意事常八九，其一就是吃英国菜。英国的农业不发达，粮食每年都要进口，也不像法国人那样崇高美食，因此英国菜相对来说比较简单，英国人也常自嘲自己不擅烹调。 英式菜选料的局限性比较大，英国虽是岛国，但渔场不太好，所以英国人不讲究吃海鲜，反倒比较偏爱牛肉、羊肉、禽类、蔬菜等。英式菜的制作大都比较简单，肉类、禽类等大都整只或大块烹制。另外，调味也较简单，口味清淡，油少不腻，但餐桌上的调味品种类却很多，由客人根据自己的爱好调味。 英式菜的早餐却很丰盛，一般有各种蛋品、麦片粥、咸肉、火腿、香肠、黄油、果酱、面包、牛奶、果汁、咖啡等，受到西方各国普遍的欢迎。 另外，英国人喜欢喝茶，有在下午3点左右吃茶点的习惯，一般是一杯红茶或咖啡再加一份点心。英国人把喝茶当作一种享受，也当作一种社交。 英式菜的代表菜肴有土豆烩羊肉、烤鹅填栗子馅、牛尾浓汤等。 英国的“烤牛肉加约克郡布丁”被称为是国菜。这是用牛腰部位的肉，再把鸡蛋加牛奶和面，与牛肉、土豆一起在烤箱中烤制的菜肴。上桌时，还要另配些单煮的青菜，即为“烤牛肉加约克郡布丁”。普通家庭一日三餐（即早餐、午餐、晚餐）。他们是以午餐为正餐。阔绰人家则一日四餐（即：早餐、午餐、茶点和晚餐）。 不愿意吃带粘汁的菜肴；忌用味精调味；也不吃狗肉。口味不喜欢太咸，爱甜、酸、微辣味，对烧、煮、蒸、烙、焗和烘烤等烹调方法制作的菜肴偏爱。喜欢中国的京菜、川菜、粤菜。 他们普遍喜爱喝茶，尤为妇女嗜茶成癖。“下午茶”几乎成为英国人的一种必不可少的生活习惯，即使遇上开会，有的也要暂时休会而饮“下午茶”。不喝清茶，要在杯里倒上冷牛奶或鲜柠檬，加点糖、再倒茶制成奶茶或柠檬茶。如果先倒茶后倒牛奶会被认为缺乏教养。他们还喜欢喝威士忌、苏打水，喝葡萄酒和香槟酒，有时还喝啤酒和烈性酒，彼此间不劝酒。

分类: 教育/科学 >> 学习帮助 解析: MV : 全名 music video 音乐录影带 Mtv : 全名 music television 美国一家专事播放可视歌曲的电视频道的名字，成立于1981年8月1日，其资金来自于华纳音乐集团（WarnerCommunications）和美国运通公司（American Express）。它之后由Via公司买下，成为一个完全为其拥有的子公司。MTV及其旗下的VH1电视台是一个专门播放音乐录像带，尤其是摇滚乐的有线电视网。MTV后来也播放观众对象锁定在青少年和青年上的许多不同型态的节目。在MTV中可以看到音乐录像带、年轻VJ、玩世不恭的台词、对特殊摇滚演唱会的推广、有关乐团的新闻与纪录片，这些都让MTV受到年轻观众的欢迎，并且成为推广新型摇滚乐以及摇滚乐手的领导者。 ktv :全名 karaok television 上个世纪1971年 一个叫井上大辅的鼓手录制了一盒伴奏音乐带，发明了卡拉OK伴唱机的意念，在日语里，Kara解作空，oke是乐队的缩写语，合起来即“无人伴奏的乐队”。卡拉OK传到台湾后,台湾商人将原有的包厢式小视听中心与卡拉OK结合起来，经改良后，出现了以包厢为主的卡拉OK，即现在很流行的KTV包厢

Intelligent vehicle is a collection of environmental perception, planning and decision-making, much as the function for auxiliary driving level the comprehensive system, it focuses on using a computer, modern sensing, information fusion, communication, artificial intelligence and automatic control technology, such as is typical of high-tech complexes. Because of this kind of car is equivalent to the "eyes with car", "brain" and "feet" television cameras, electronic computers and automatic controlling systems, equipment, and can automatically start, accelerate, stop, can automatically bypass ground obstacles. In a complicated cases, it"s "brain" can be changed randomly, automatic selection of the best solution, command car normal and smooth running. Smart cars "eyes" is the car with right, up to 50 centimeters apart in two TV cameras, video cameras has a luminous device, can also issued a beam, join in a certain distance, the object image only at this distance can be intake and overlap. "Eyes" can identify front 5 ~ 20 meters platform between fractal plane, the height is 10 centimeters of above of obstacles.. Smart cars "foot" is the control of the car brake, steering gear.

发现，潜伏，跟踪，围堵，捕获，猎杀，信圣盾（Sierra，Hotel，India，Echo，Lima，Delta，Shield）。注意事项：不是英语，是北约音标字母，是暗语。wwe卫盾出场音乐是《Special Op (The Shield)》，“Sierra，Hotel，India，Echo，Lima，Delta，Shield”是音乐中的口头念白，不是歌词。《Special Op (The Shield)》是一首由Jim Johnston谱曲，Jim Johnston编曲，Jim Johnston演奏的纯音乐歌曲。该歌曲收录在专辑《WWE：WrestleMania-The Music 2013》中，由WWE，Inc.公司发行于2013-04-02。该张专辑包含了23首歌曲。扩展资料歌曲《Special Op》各种版本1、Silver Screen演奏的《Special Ops》，该歌曲收录在专辑《Silver Screen》中，由Silver Screen公司发行于2016-05-26，该张专辑包含了15首歌曲。2、The Chemical Brothers演奏的《Special Ops》，该歌曲收录在专辑《Hanna (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)》中，由Back Lot Music公司发行于2011-03-15，该张专辑包含了20首歌曲。3、Dragon Hoang演奏的《Special Ops》，该歌曲收录在专辑《Special Ops》中，由Rattle Records公司发行于2017-02-06，该张专辑包含了2首歌曲。

urban decay naked 全部释义和例句>>城市衰败naked 英[u02c8neu026aku026ad] 美[u02c8neku026ad] adj. 裸体的，裸露的; 率直的，赤裸裸的; 缺乏保护; 不加掩饰的; [例句]Because in my nightmares, i"m usually naked.因为在我的噩梦里，我都是裸体的！

抖音来客客服电话24小时人工服务热线95152。有些用户在使用抖音的时候遇到了一些问题，需要咨询人工客服可以拨打95152。客服的上班是有时间的，客服的时间通常是周一到周日，早上九点到晚上的19点，如果有问题，最好在这个时间段找抖音客服解决，这样也能提升问题解决的效率。如果商家不想通过抖音商店客户服务电话24小时手动服务热线解决问题，可以打开抖音，在个人信息页面右上角，点击三点图标，找到抖音手动客户服务，直接点击设置，在抖音设置界面中，选择抖音，点击下面的非法和不良信息报告电话，系统将自动拨打抖音手动客户服务电话。抖音来客的优势：抖音来客受到了商家及外界的持续关注。它是面向生活服务商家的经营平台，商家可以在这里发布门店认领、团购商品上架管理、营销推广、核销提现、经营数据分析等操作，实现线上线下交易链路打通。增加了子账号能力，实现多角色经营，提升经营效率，目前仅能通过电脑版操作。还增加了支持分门店独立收款和开票新增评价管理功能。

MTV的解释就是 Music TV，可直译为音乐电视。上个世界80年代初，美国有线电视网开办了一个新栏目MTV，内容都是通俗歌曲，由于节目制作精巧，歌曲都是经过精选的优秀歌曲，因此观众人数直线上升，很快就达到数千万。之后，英、法、日、澳大利亚等国家的电视台也相继开始制作播放类似节目，并为MTV的制作定型，即用最好的歌曲配以最精美的画面，使原本只是听觉艺术的歌曲，变为视觉和听觉结合的一种崭新的艺术样式。 MV的提法是近几年开始的，大家感觉“MTV”范畴有些狭窄，因为“音乐视频”并非只是局限在电视上，还可以单独发行影碟、或者通过手机、网络的方式发布，所以，就采用MV来表示了，MV的意思是 “Music Video”。 在整个80年代，人们为出现可视歌曲欣喜若狂，录像制作师们绞尽脑汁，利用各种拍摄手段、剪辑方法和特技来使片子和音乐达到奇异的结合。广播音乐节目主持人(D.J.)的概念延伸到电视音乐节目主持人(V.J.)。从流行文化角度观察可视歌曲，会发现它完全是一个混合体包括了娱乐片的一切要素，但在瞬间的处理上可视歌曲高于其他艺术，充分发挥想象，提供即时的满足感。可视歌曲置身于传播媒介娱乐圈，从流行时尚中汲取养料，像一面镜子透露流行趋势。 可视歌曲的历史大概可与电影史相联系。第一部有声电视《爵士歌手》(1927)开音乐与影像结合之先河，迪斯尼的动画片很早就发现可视素材和音乐节奏配合默契会带给人们巨大的欢悦，一些早期电影实验者曾将古典音乐制成可视音乐。40、50年代电视业兴起，10年中在电视黄金时间里播出了许多著名的流行歌曲栏目，早期的流行歌曲排行榜就是从这些节目中诞生的，最初这些节目只播出一些音乐会实况，渐渐加入了可视素材，充分抓住了流行因素。1956年，摇滚乐歌星埃尔维斯·普莱斯利获得美国青少年的一致拥戴，《伤心旅馆》、《真诚的爱》等歌曲风靡一时。同时，可视歌曲真正走进电视歌曲节目，普莱斯利为始作俑者。 1981年8月，一家专事播放可视歌曲的电视网——音乐电视网(MTV)应运而生，这家商业电视网成为历史上最热门的有线电视台。 “可视歌曲”正确英文翻译应该是MUSIC VEDIO（MV），过去许多媒体所说的MTV只是一家专门播放MUSIC VEDIO的电视网。由于先入为主的观念，许多人对这一直有个小误会。那么从今天起解决这个误会，来欣赏最COOL最IN的MUSIC VEDIO吧。

　　这个是英文的，下面有中文　　TWEEDLE-DUM AND TWEEDLE-DEE　　Tweedle-dum and Tweedle-dee　　Resolved to have a battle,　　For Tweedle-dum said Tweedle-dee　　Had spoiled his nice new rattle.　　Just then flew by a monstrous crow,　　As big as a tar barrel,　　Which frightened both the heroes so,　　They quite forgot their quarrel.　　THREE BLIND MICE　　Three blind mice! See how they run!　　They all ran after the farmer"s wife,　　Who cut off their tails with a carving knife.　　Did you ever see such a thing in your life　　As three blind mice?　　HUMPTY DUMPTY　　Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall,　　Humpty Dumpty had a great fall;　　All the King"s horses, and all the King"s men　　Cannot put Humpty Dumpty in his place again.　　THE LION AND THE UNICORN　　The Lion and the Unicorn were fighting for the crown,　　The Lion beat the Unicorn all around the town.　　Some gave them white bread, and some gave them brown,　　Some gave them plum-cake, and sent them out of town.　　SING A SONG OF SIXPENCE　　Sing a song of sixpence,　　A pocket full of rye;　　Four-and-twenty blackbirds　　Baked in a pie!　　When the pie was opened　　The birds began to sing;　　Was not that a dainty dish　　To set before the king?　　The king was in his counting-house,　　Counting out his money;　　The queen was in the parlor,　　Eating bread and honey.　　The maid was in the garden,　　Hanging out the clothes;　　When down came a blackbird　　And snapped off her nose.　　THE DEATH AND BURIAL OF POOR COCK ROBIN　　Who killed Cock Robin?　　"I," said the sparrow,　　"With my little bow and arrow,　　I killed Cock Robin,"　　Who saw him die?　　"I," said the fly,　　"With my little eye,　　I saw him die."　　Who caught his blood?　　"I," said the fish,　　"With my little dish,　　I caught his blood."　　Who"ll make his shroud?　　"I," said the beetle,　　"With my thread and needle.　　I"ll make his shroud."　　Who"ll carry the torch?　　"I," said the linnet,　　"I"ll come in a minute,　　I"ll carry the torch."　　Who"ll be the clerk?　　"I," said the lark,　　"If it"s not in the dark,　　I"ll be the clerk."　　Who"ll dig his grave?　　"I," said the owl,　　"With my spade and trowel　　I"ll dig his grave."　　Who"ll be the parson?　　"I," said the rook,　　"With my little book,　　I"ll be the parson."　　Who"ll be chief mourner?　　"I," said the dove,　　"I mourn for my love,　　I"ll be chief mourner."　　Who"ll sing a psalm?　　"I," said the thrush,　　"As I sit in a bush.　　I"ll sing a psalm."　　Who"ll carry the coffin?　　"I," said the kite,　　"If it"s not in the night,　　I"ll carry the coffin."　　Who"ll toll the bell?　　"I," said the bull,　　"Because I can pull,　　I"ll toll the bell."　　All the birds of the air　　Fell sighing and sobbing,　　When they heard the bell toll　　For poor Cock Robin.　　Humpty Dumpty　　蛋在悬崖上孵着　　孵着孵着，掉了下来　　就算聚集了国王所有的马　　就算聚集了国王所有的臣子　　蛋也不能再恢复原来的样子　　Who killed Cock Robin　　谁杀了知更鸟？　　是我，麻雀说，　　用我的弓和箭，　　我杀了知更鸟。　　谁看见他死去？　　是我，苍蝇说，　　用我的小眼睛，　　我看见他死去。　　谁取走他的血？　　是我，鱼说，　　用我的小碟子，　　我取走他的血。　　谁为他做寿衣？　　是我，甲虫说，　　用我的针和线，　　我会来做寿衣。　　谁来挖坟墓？　　是我，猫头鹰说，　　用我的凿子铲子，　　我会来挖坟墓。　　谁来当牧师？　　乌鸦说，是我，　　用我的小本子，　　我会来做牧师。　　谁来当执事？　　是我，云雀说，　　只要不在夜晚，　　我就会当执事。　　谁来拿火炬？　　红雀说，是我，　　我立刻把它拿来。　　我将会拿火炬。　　谁来当主祭？　　是我，鸽子说，　　我要哀悼挚爱，　　我将会当主祭。　　谁来抬棺？　　是我，鸢说，　　如果不走夜路，　　我就会来抬棺。　　谁来扶棺？　　是我们，鹪鹩说，　　还有公鸡和母鸡，　　我们会来扶棺。　　谁来唱赞美诗？　　画眉说，是我，　　她站在灌木丛上，　　我将唱赞美诗。　　谁来敲丧钟？　　是我，牛说，　　因为我能拉牦。　　所以，再会了，知更鸟。　　空中所有的鸟，　　全都叹息哭泣，　　当他们听见丧钟，　　为可怜的知更鸟响起。　　启事　　通告所有关系人，　　这则启事通知，　　下回鸟儿法庭，　　将要审判麻雀。　　When a good King Arthur rule this land　　当亚瑟王治理这片土地的时候　　他是一位伟大的王　　他偷了三袋麦片　　为了做一个大布丁　　这个王做的布丁　　放进许多葡萄干　　还放进了一块大奶油　　就像我的两个拇指那么大　　国王和皇后吃了布丁　　身边的贵族们也吃了　　那天晚上他们什么也没吃　　第二天早上皇后被油煎了　　Sing a song of six pences　　唱一首六便士的歌　　黑麦装满一袋　　24只黑鸫　　在烤好的派中　　当派打开的时候　　鸟儿们开始唱歌　　这是多么棒的　　为国王所做的料理　　国王待在他的金库里　　数着他的财富　　皇后在大厅里　　吃着面包和蜂蜜　　女仆在花园里　　晾着刚洗的衣服　　来了只小黑鸫　　突然啄了下她的鼻子　　Crooked man　　有个性格扭曲的男人　　走在一条长一里的扭曲的路上　　手里那着扭曲的六便士　　踏在扭曲的台阶上　　他买了一只扭曲的猫　　猫捉了一只扭曲的老鼠　　他们一起住在扭曲的小房子里　　Little Miss Muffet　　小玛菲特小姐　　坐在垫子上　　吃着乳酪　　然后来了一只蜘蛛　　坐在她旁边　　吓跑了玛菲特小姐　　Georgie Porgie　　治•珀治　　布丁和派　　亲吻女孩惹她们哭　　男孩们来了　　乔治•珀治就跑了　　Baa, Baa, Black sheep　　咩，咩，黑羊啊　　你有羊毛吗？　　是的，先生。是的，先生　　三袋满满的　　一袋给男主人　　一袋给女主人　　还有一袋给那个　　住在街尾的小男孩　　What are little boys made of ?　　小男孩是由什么做的？　　青蛙和蜗牛　　还有小狗的尾巴　　小女孩是由什么做的？　　糖和香料　　都是那么的美好呀　　Lizzie Borden　　里兹•波顿拿着斧头　　砍了爸爸四十下　　当她见了自己所做的　　接着砍了妈妈四十一下　　There was a man, a very untidy man　　从前有个男子　　一个非常肮脏的男子　　找不到他的手指　　要放近墓里的手指　　头滚落在床下　　四肢散落在房间里　　2 回复：鹅妈妈的童谣　　Solomon Grundy　　所罗门•格兰德　　在星期一出生　　在星期二受洗　　在星期三结婚　　在星期四生病　　在星期五病危　　在星期六死亡　　在星期天焚尸　　这就是　　所罗门•格兰德的最后　　Ten little nigger boys went out to dine　　十个小黑人出外用膳；　　一个噎死，还剩九个。　　九个小黑人熬夜到很晚；　　一个睡过头，还剩八个。　　八个小黑人在丹文游玩；　　一个说要留在那儿，还剩七个。　　七个小黑人在砍柴；　　一个把自己砍成两半，还剩六个。　　六个小黑人玩蜂窝；　　一只黄蜂叮住一个，还剩五个。　　五个小黑人进入法院；　　一个被留下，还剩四个。　　四个小黑人到海边去；　　一条红鲱鱼吞下一个，还剩三个。　　三个小黑人走进动物园里；　　一只大熊抓走一个，还剩两个。　　两个小黑人坐在太阳下；　　一个热死，只剩一个。　　一个小黑人终于活了下来；　　最后结了婚，一个也没有了。　　My mother has killed me　　我的妈妈杀了我，　　我的爸爸在吃我，　　我的兄弟和姊妹坐在餐桌底，　　捡起我的骨头，　　埋了它们，　　埋到冰冷的石碑下。　　Three blind mice　　三只瞎眼的老鼠！看它们跑的方式！　　它们追着农夫的老婆，　　她用餐刀切了它们的尾巴。　　你这辈子见过像这样的东西吗？　　三只瞎眼的老鼠。　　Twelve mouths　　一月雪　　二月冰　　三月风　　四月雨　　五月花蕾　　六月玫瑰　　七月游乐　　八月温暖　　九月开学　　十月苹果　　十一冷天　　十二月圣诞节　　Simple Simon　　无知的西蒙遇见一个卖派的商人　　正要赶往集市　　无知的西蒙对卖派的商人说：　　“让我尝尝你的派吧 ”　　商人对无知的西蒙说：　　“先让我看看你的便士吧”　　无知的西蒙对商人说：　　“其实我一分也没有”　　他去抓小鸟　　认为自己不会失败　　因为他有一把盐　　撒在它的尾巴上　　他去取小鸟的窝　　那个筑在一根大树枝上的鸟窝　　树枝断了，无知的西蒙掉下来　　落在脏脏的泥沼里　　他去打野鸭　　但是野鸭飞走了　　西蒙说，我打不中它　　因为他不呆在那里　　无知的西蒙去钓鱼　　想要钓一条鲸鱼　　然而他所有的水　　都在妈妈的水桶里　　无知的西蒙去打猎　　想要打中一只野兔　　他骑着驴穿过街道　　那里找不到一只野兔　　他去吃蜂蜜　　从一只餐桌上的芥末罐子　　他咬着自己的舌头直到哭出来　　这就是他吃到的全部　　他去骑头花斑牛　　可母牛还有头小牛　　母牛甩他在地上　　惹的人们笑哈哈　　一次西蒙做了个大雪球　　把它带回来烤一烤　　把它放在火前面　　雪球一会儿不见了　　他到冰上去滑冰　　在冰还能支撑前　　然后他把膝盖插到冰里面　　可怜的西蒙睁大了眼　　他用黑色的鞋油来洗澡　　因为他没有肥皂　　然后他对妈妈说：　　“我想现在自己很漂亮吧”　　无知的西蒙去赏花　　李子长在蓟上　　手被刺伤了好几次　　可怜的西蒙大叫着　　他坐在笼子里到了水里　　但是很快就沉了下去　　可怜而又无知的西蒙啊　　永远地再见了　　There was an old man　　从前有个老人　　他养了一头小牛　　现在说到一半　　老人把小牛带出牛舍　　再把它系在墙上　　这就是全部　　There was a lady all skin and bone　　从前有个皮包骨头的女人，　　当然你从没听说过这样的女人：　　一切发生在某一天，　　这位女士去教堂作祷告。　　当她来到教堂阶梯，　　她停下来作了个小小的休息；　　当她来到教堂墓园，　　她听见地狱的呻吟声是如此响亮。　　当她来到教堂的门口，　　她停下来又作了个小小的休息；　　当她进入教堂，　　牧师正抗拒着虚荣与罪恶作着祷告。　　上看，下看，　　她看见地上躺着一个死人；　　从他的鼻子到下巴，　　蛆们爬出，　　蛆们蠕进。　　然后她对牧师说，　　我死后会变成这样吗？　　噢，是的！　　噢，是的，牧师说道，　　你死后就会变成这样。　　Oranges & Lemons　　欢乐地摇下又摇上，伦敦的钟儿响当当。　　提到枪靶和靶心，就数大钟圣马格丽特。　　提到瓦片和砖头，就数大钟圣吉尔斯。　　提到橘子和柠檬，就数大钟圣克雷门。　　提到糕饼和馅饼，就数大钟圣彼德。　　两根木棒一颗苹果，那就是大钟白教堂。　　提到光头老神父，就想到大钟阿得盖特。　　提到穿白围裙的女士们，就数大钟圣凯萨林。　　说到火叉和火钳，就数大钟圣约翰。　　说起茶壶和煎锅，就想到大钟圣安娜。　　提到五毛钱和两分半，就数大钟圣马汀。　　提到你欠我十先令，就想到大钟圣海伦。　　要问你什麼时候还钱，就让我想到大钟老贝礼。　　还钱？得等我有钱，就想到大钟休尔狄区。　　等你有钱？那是什麼时候？就想到大钟史特普尼。　　我也不太清楚，似是大钟包伍的回应。　　应该是我老的时候吧，说话的像是大钟圣保罗。　　蜡烛点燃时你该上床睡觉去，当心刀斧要你的命。

水孩儿好。1、水孩儿SOUHAIT“水孩儿”童装品牌1995年诞生，主要服务于2-12周岁少年儿童，开发以中式为特色，结合休闲、运动风格的各种系列服装产品。太平鸟童装的覆盖率没有水孩儿高，但是质量也是不相上下的。2、水孩儿是中高端档次的一个品牌，当初从北京百盛到燕莎起步，发展到如今已经有数百个店面，自从创立20多年以来已经赢得了广泛的市场口碑。太平鸟主打中产阶级和白领消费群体，童装较差。

玉米的结构是：玉(独体结构)米(独体结构)。 玉米的结构是：玉(独体结构)米(独体结构)。 拼音是：yù mǐ。 词性是：名词。 注音是：ㄩ_ㄇ一ˇ。玉米的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、词语解释【点此查看计划详细内容】玉米yùmǐ。(1)玉蜀黍的俗名。二、引证解释⒈玉蜀黍的俗名。引孙锦标《通俗常言疏证·植物》：“《海门物志》米之有甲者，一名蜀黍。蜀粟音近，《本草》谓之玉蜀黍，今俗称玉米。”郭沫若《洪波曲》第十章五：“午后政工大队送来煮玉米，大喜过望，分享之。”三、国语词典玉蜀黍的别名。参见「玉蜀黍」条。词语翻译英语corn,maize,CL:德语Mais(S)_法语ma_s四、网络解释玉米（禾本科玉米属植物）玉米（拉丁学名：ZeamaysL.）是禾本科玉蜀黍属一年生草本植物。别名：玉蜀黍、棒子、包谷、包米、包粟、玉茭、苞米、珍珠米、苞芦、大芦粟，东北辽宁话称珍珠粒，潮州话称薏米仁，粤语称为粟米，闽南语称作番麦。玉米是一年生雌雄同株异花授粉植物，植株高大，茎强壮，是重要的粮食作物和饲料作物，也是全世界总产量最高的农作物，其种植面积和总产量仅次于水稻和小麦。玉米一直都被誉为长寿食品，含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、维生素、微量元素、纤维素等，具有开发高营养、高生物学功能食品的巨大潜力。但由于其遗传性较为复杂，变异种类丰富，在常规的育种过程中存在着周期过长、变异系数过大、影响子代生长发育的缺点，而现代生物育种技术不但克服了上述缺点和不足，同时也提高了育种速度和质量。玉米味道香甜，可做各式菜肴，如玉米烙、玉米汁等，它也是工业酒精和烧酒的主要原料。2018年8月，财政部、农业农村部、银保监会印发通知，将玉米作物制种纳入中央财政农业保险保险费补贴目录。关于玉米的近义词苞米关于玉米的诗词《红玉米》《感怀·桂薪玉米转煎熬》《玉米》关于玉米的诗句可爱的侧面像玉米和群星的珠串不在闪耀有些人疲倦了长与乔松燕玉米面房桂薪玉米转煎熬关于玉米的单词mayscornChinese cornsilkmealiemaizecorn oilcornflakes关于玉米的成语米盐博辩十米九糠水米无交斗米尺布八米卢郎凌杂米盐数米量柴吹糠见米粒米狼戾等米下锅关于玉米的词语灌米汤米盐博辩等米下锅十米九糠鱼米乡简丝数米凌杂米盐水米无交八米卢郎山川米聚关于玉米的造句1、面包牛奶包围下的我，仍然钟情妈妈熬的玉米粥。2、随着噼啪的爆裂声，金黄色的玉米粒变成了雪白的米花。3、由于施用了肥田粉，玉米产量大幅度提高。4、今年玉米的长势很好，风调雨顺的。5、这儿的玉米常年亩产千斤，遇到丰年还要增产。点此查看更多关于玉米的详细信息

好，我这就帮你开发

裸照Photograph(或 picture)of a nude;nude photo(或 picture)

选A能和meilleurs搭配的在这里只有voeux!

这里又从1900年开始到1999年 整个20世纪的全部重大发明 自己去看一下吧～ Twentieth Century Inventions 1900 - 1925 I900 The zeppelin invented by Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin. Charles Seeberger redesigned Jesse Reno"s escalator and invented the modern escalator. 1901 King Camp Gillette invents the double-edged safety razor. The first radio receiver,successfully received a radio tran *** ission. Hubert Booth invents a pact and modern vacuum cleaner. 1902 Willis Carrier invents the air conditioner. French physicist George Claude invents neon light. The lie detector or polygraph machine is invented by James Mackenzie. The birth of the Teddy Bear. George Claude invented neon light. 1903 Edward Binney and Harold Smith co-invent crayons. Bottle-making machinery invented by Michael J.Owens. The Wright brothers invent the first gas motored and manned airplane. Mary Anderson invents windshield wipers. William Coolidge invents ductile tungsten used in lightbulbs. 1904 Teabags invented by Thomas Suillivan. Benjamin Holt invents a tractor. John A Fleming invents a vacuum diode or Fleming valve. 1905 Albert Einstein published the Theory of Relativity and made famous the equation,E = mc2. Mary Anderson receives a patent for windshield wipers. 1906 William Kellogg invents Cornflakes. Lewis Nixon invents the first sonar like device. Lee Deforest invents electronic amplifying tube (triode). 1907 Leo Baekeland invents the first synthetic plastic called Bakelite. Color photography invented by Auguste and Louis Lumiere. The very first piloted helicopter was invented by Paul Cornu. 1908 The gyropass invented by Elmer A.Sperry. Cellophane invented by Jacques E.Brandenberger. Model T first sold. J W Geiger and W Müller invent the geiger counter. Fritz Haber invents the Haber Process for making artificial nitrates. 1909 Instant coffee invented by G.Washington. 1910 Thomas Edison demonstrated the first talking motion picture. Georges Claude displayed the first neon lamp to the public on December 11,1910,in Paris. 1911 Charles Franklin Kettering invents the first automobile electrical ignition system. 1912 Motorized movie cameras invented,replaced hand-cranked cameras. The first tank patented by Australian inventor De La Mole. Clarence Crane created Life Savers candy in 1912. 1913 The crossword puzzle invented by Arthur Wynne. The Merck Chemical Company patented,what is now know as,ecstasy. Mary Phelps Jacob invents the bra. Gideon Sundback invented the modern zipper. 1914 Garrett A.Morgan invents the Morgan gas mask. 1915 Eugene Sullivan and William Taylor co-invented Pyrex in New York City. 1916 Radios tuners invented,that received different stations. Stainless steel invented by Henry Brearly. 1917 Gideon Sundback patented the modern zipper (not the first zipper). 1918 The superheterodyne radio circuit invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong.Today,every radio or television set uses this invention. Charles Jung invented fortune cookies. 1919 The pop-up toaster invented by Charles Strite. Short-wave radio invented. The flip-flop circuit invented. The arc welder invented. 1920 The tommy gun patented by John T Thompson. The Band-Aid (pronounced "ban-"dade) invented by Earle Dickson. 1921 Artificial life begins -- the first robot built. John Larson invented the lie detector. 1922 Insulin invented by Sir Frederick Grant Banting. The first 3-D movie (spectacles with one red and one green lens) is released. 1923 Garrett A.Morgan invents a traffic signal. The television or iconoscope (cathode-ray tube) invented by Vladimir Ko *** a Zworykin. John Harwood invented the self-windingwatch in 1923. Clarence Birdseye invents frozen food. 1924 The dynamic loudspeaker invented by Rice and Kellogg. Notebooks with spiral bindings invented. 1925 The mechanical television a precursor to the modern television,invented by John Logie Baird.