increasing complexity of是什么意思

一种代码复杂度的衡量标准，中文名称叫做圈复杂度。在软件测试的概念里，圈复杂度“用来衡量一个模块判定结构的复杂程度，数量上表现为独立现行路径条数，即合理的预防错误所需测试的最少路径条数，圈复杂度大说明程序代码可能质量低且难于测试和维护，根据经验，程序的可能错误和高的圈复杂度有着很大关系”。控制流图是McCabe复杂度计算的基础，McCabe度量标准是将软件的流程图转化为有向图，然后以图论的知识和计算方法来衡量软件的质量。McCabe复杂度包括圈复杂度（Cyclomaticcomplexity）、基本复杂度、模块涉及复杂度、设计复杂度和集成复杂度等。控制流程图分析是一个静态的分析过程，它提供静态的度量标准技术，一般主要运用在白盒测试的方法中。控制流图的一个重要性质是它的可规约性（reducibility）。如果程序中不存在从循环外跳到循环内的goto语句，那么这个程序对应的控制流图是可规约的（reducible），反之这个控制流图就是不可规约的（irreducible）。因此，模块符合结构化程序设计的准则是控制流图可规约的基础。程序环路复杂性也即为McCabe复杂性度量，它一般常用圈复杂度来描述，记录为V（G）。它用来衡量一个程序模块所包含的判定结构的复杂程度，数量上表现为独立路径的条数，即合理地预防错误所需测试的最少路径条数，圈复杂度大的程序，说明其代码可能质量低且难于测试和维护。经验表明，程序的可能存在的Bug数和圈复杂度有着很大的相关性圈复杂度的计算方法很简单，计算公式为：V(G)=e-n+2。其中，e表示控制流图中边的数量，n表示控制流图中节点的数量。其实，圈复杂度的计算还有更直观的方法，因为圈复杂度所反映的是“判定条件”的数量，所以圈复杂度实际上就是等于判定节点的数量再加上1，也即控制流图的区域数，对应的计算公式为：V(G)=区域数=判定节点数+1。对于多分支的CASE结构或IF-ELSEIF-ELSE结构，统计判定节点的个数时需要特别注意一点，要求必须统计全部实际的判定节点数，也即每个ELSEIF语句，以及每个CASE语句，都应该算为一个判定节点。判定节点在模块的控制流图中很容易被识别出来，所以，针对程序的控制流图计算圈复杂度V(G)时，最好还是采用第一个公式，也即V(G)=e-n+2；而针对模块的控制流图时，可以直接统计判定节点数，这样更为简单。

目前，关于复杂性的概念尚没有统一的说法。因为复杂性涉及面很宽，在美国国会图书馆1975年至1999年2月15日的入藏书目中，标题里含复杂性(Complexity)一词的就有489种。其中涉及算法复杂性、计算复杂性、生物复杂性、生态复杂性、演化复杂性、发育复杂性、语法复杂性，乃至经济复杂性、社会复杂性，凡此种种，不一而足。需要说明的是：社会科学领域中相当多数量的“复杂性”指的是混乱、杂多、反复等意思，而并非科学研究领域中与混沌、分形和非线性相关联的“复杂性”。由于复杂性概念在不同的学科领域，研究对象和采用的分析方法不同，因而对复杂性概念的定义也不相同，所以，到目前为止，对复杂性还没有一个严格定义。由于关于复杂系统的定义不统一，至少有30多种，其代表性特征如下：（1）复杂系统就是浑沌系统（浑沌学派）。（2）具有自适应能力的演化系统（Santa Fe）。（3）包含多个行为主体（Agent）具有层次结构的系统。（4）包含反馈环的系统（Stacey）。（5）不能用传统理论与方法解释其行为的系统（John Warfield）。（6）动态非线性系统。（7）客观事物某种运动或性态跨越层次后整合的不可还原的新性态和相互关系（本体论的复杂性定义）。本体论复杂性还可以分为：（突变论和混沌的两种）运动复杂性和（分形的和非稳定性的两种）结构复杂性。它们都具有跨越层次的特征。表现为嵌套、相互连结、相互影响和作用等。（8）对客观复杂性的有效理解及其表达（认识论的复杂性定义）。认识论意义的复杂性概念也概括了自然科学和技术科学领域关于用描述长度定义复杂性的各种概念和涵义，特别是关于“有效复杂性”的涵义。 社会和经济管理系统复杂性,具体案例有主要包括：金融系统复杂性；支付宝，12306租阿里查票不堵不瘫。混沌经济学理论与方法；基于复杂性科学的管理理论与方法；经济系统演化复杂性；灾害复杂性的控制与管理方法；文川地震后次生灾害 泥石流、瘟疫、重建基于网络系统的管理复杂性；斯洛登事件复杂社会系统的建模、控制与管理

目前，关于复杂性的概念尚没有统一的说法。因为复杂性涉及面很宽，在美国国会图书馆1975年至1999年2月15日的入藏书目中，标题里含复杂性(Complexity)一词的就有489种。其中涉及算法复杂性、计算复杂性、生物复杂性、生态复杂性、演化复杂性、发育复杂性、语法复杂性，乃至经济复杂性、社会复杂性，凡此种种，不一而足。需要说明的是：社会科学领域中相当多数量的“复杂性”指的是混乱、杂多、反复等意思，而并非科学研究领域中与混沌、分形和非线性相关联的“复杂性”。由于复杂性概念在不同的学科领域，研究对象和采用的分析方法不同，因而对复杂性概念的定义也不相同，所以，到目前为止，对复杂性还没有一个严格定义。由于关于复杂系统的定义不统一，至少有30多种，其代表性特征如下：（1）复杂系统就是浑沌系统（浑沌学派）。（2）具有自适应能力的演化系统（Santa Fe）。（3）包含多个行为主体（Agent）具有层次结构的系统。（4）包含反馈环的系统（Stacey）。（5）不能用传统理论与方法解释其行为的系统（John Warfield）。（6）动态非线性系统。（7）客观事物某种运动或性态跨越层次后整合的不可还原的新性态和相互关系（本体论的复杂性定义）。本体论复杂性还可以分为：（突变论和混沌的两种）运动复杂性和（分形的和非稳定性的两种）结构复杂性。它们都具有跨越层次的特征。表现为嵌套、相互连结、相互影响和作用等。（8）对客观复杂性的有效理解及其表达（认识论的复杂性定义）。认识论意义的复杂性概念也概括了自然科学和技术科学领域关于用描述长度定义复杂性的各种概念和涵义，特别是关于“有效复杂性”的涵义。 社会和经济管理系统复杂性,具体案例有主要包括：金融系统复杂性；支付宝，12306租阿里查票不堵不瘫。混沌经济学理论与方法；基于复杂性科学的管理理论与方法；经济系统演化复杂性；灾害复杂性的控制与管理方法；文川地震后次生灾害 泥石流、瘟疫、重建基于网络系统的管理复杂性；斯洛登事件复杂社会系统的建模、控制与管理

McCabe方法包括若干项度量指标。常用的有如下几项：（1）圈复杂度（Cyclomatic Complexity）圈复杂度是用来衡量一个模块判定结构的复杂程度。在程序控制流程图中，节点是程序中代码的最小单元，边代表节点间的程序流。一个有e条边和n个节点的流程图F，其圈复杂度为VF 　 =e－n+2。圈复杂度越高，程序中的控制路径越复杂。mccabe指出，典型的程序模块的圈复杂度为10。（2）基本复杂度（Essential Complexity）基本复杂度是用来衡量程序结构化程度的。如果流程图G中的结构化子图的数量是m，则其基本复杂度为EVF 　 =V ? F 　 －m当基本复杂度为1，这个模块是充分结构化的；当基本复杂度大于1而小于循环复杂度，这个模块是部分结构化的；当基本复杂度等于循环复杂度时，这个模块是完全非结构化的。（3）模块设计复杂度（Module Design Complexity）模块设计复杂度用来衡量模块判定结构，即衡量模块与模块的调用关系。从模块流程图中移取那些不包含调用子模块的判定和循环结构时求得的循环复杂度就是模块设计复杂度。

In addition to the rapid growth of the embedded computer (that is, those used in mobile phones, plus pumps and retail outlets excellent system computer). Its function and complexity of desktop computers is fast approaching

这不SB问题么 直接 控制管理工具—本地安全策略 里边改咯

The common human speak more short term, British and Spanish researchers recently discovered that this "brief" principle applies to some animals, and observed dolphins on the surface of the act also reflects similar characteristics.The Aberdeen university researchers and Spain counterparts in the Complexity of the new journal reported the findings. They observed the dolphins on the surface, and the various patterns of behavior is decomposed into 1 to 4 ranging from basic elements."This pattern probe reconnaissance, including" head ", "stop" and "in water route" 3. "Jump" side of this pattern contains "jump" and "edge" 2. "Bent down to descend" pattern contains only "back arched" one element.Researchers found that more than 30 kind in patterns of behavior, the dolphins use most was that contains only one element model, and contains four elements with the model.Linguists have discovered the human tendency to use simpler words, and the phenomenon of the first study provides animal behavior have similar characteristics of the evidence. It also shows how human language is based on the universal principle based on natural.

Earth Surface Systems: Complexity，Order，and Scale Jonathan D. Phillips. Blackwell Publishers，Oxford，1999，180 pp. ，43 figures ( combining 12 photos and 31 diagrams) . 4 tables and 63 equations.Earth Surface Systems: Complexity，Order，and Scale，part of the Natural Environment series edited by Andrew Goudie and Heather Viles，was written to promote better understanding of the complexities and interactions of the phenomena that create earth surface systems. Phillips prefers to define whole systems rather than individual components，with emphasis on the way these systems behave and interact with other phenomena through both space and time. In simpler terms， he addresses the fundamental processes that drive earth surface systems and the problems of the simultaneous existence，within a single system，of both order and complexity. Phillips succinctly and clearly defines and explains the complexities of earth surface systems and the interrelations of many varied phenomena. The book is an important contribution to the geomorphic literature and should be a part of the library of any serious earth scientist.The text consists of an introductory chapter followed by eight chapters describing various features and problems of earth surface systems. Numerous photographs and diagrams provide examples of the complexities of the subject. The photos and diagrams are enlarged and extend over the margins，which helps with visualization of the processes discussed. Citations to more detailed accounts of the topic of discussion are liberally inserted throughout the text. An extensive reference list provides ample opportunity for more interested readers to delve deeper into the problems and complexities of earth surface systems and processes.The introductory chapter defines the author"s goals and describes the theoretical background behind his systematic approach to earth processes，rather than a “reductionist”or “nonlinear dynamic systems”approach. However，the author considers these other forms of knowledge to be complimentary to a systems approach rather than competitive，and draws upon reductionist and nonlinear systems dynamics research to support his ideas on many occasions. Phillips claims that reductionist approaches are necessary to fully understand the components of a system，and that nonlinear dynamics research is needed to understand the dynamics of complex systems.The second chapter begins with a qualitative analysis of earth surface systems，but quickly delves into numerical methods for explaining these systems. The chapter is designed for earth scientists who suffer from math anxiety，and is useful for people with limited math experience. Phillips allows students unfamiliar with advanced numerical methods to grasp the basics of systems concepts in relatively simple mathematical terms. This simple approach to numerical modeling， combined with frequent summaries，is a useful learning tool.Chapter Three describes both the order and complexity inherent in landscapes. Phillips provides many examples of the order found in complex systems and，conversely，complexity in orderly systems. The author argues that Earth surface systems are unstable by nature and that they exhibit both complex disorder and stable order at different scales. In simpler terms，complexity and order can exist within the same system at different spatial and temporal scales.The fourth chapter provides brief examples that strengthen the argument that earth surface systems are unstable，often chaotic，and self-organizing. Phillips" assertions are based on a series of case studies and on empirical evidence，the properties of generalized canonical models， deterministic uncertainty，and differation and divergence.Chapter Five specifically discusses the properties of generalized canonical models，including population and hillslope evolution models. This is the most extensive chapter of the text and includes four detailed case studies，each of which represents the complex interactions within a specific system: hydraulic geometry，channel network evolution，topographic relief evolution，and desertification. The spatial and temporal variability，and the disturbances that force a system into chaotic rather than a steady-state mode，are compared for each system. The author states，then elucidates the complexities and interrelations within each system. The case study examples include an excellent range of the earth"s geomorphic systems and focus on the complexities of changing time，scale，and input parameters. This chapter provides valuable insight into fluvial， landscape，and climate variables.The role of pedogenesis，and particularly soils as earth surface systems，is the topic of Chapter Six. Phillips"claim that soils are the classic representation of earth surface systems is well supported with copious examples of the dynamics of soil types and variation within the mechanisms of soil formation. His concept that soils co-evolve with ecosystems，landforms，and other earth surface systems，allows generalizations concerning the behavior of soil systems to be applied to other earth surface systems.In Chapter Seven，Phillips links his field observations with the concept of soils as a canonical example of earth surface systems. This chapter ties together the many and varied concepts that Phillips proposed in previous chapters，and is perhaps the most innovative and comprehensive chapter in the text. His own fieldwork has shown that instability，chaos，and self-organization are common phenomena in the Carolina Coastal Plain and similar results have been shown by investigations in other areas. The phenomena that produce chaotic patterns on the Carolina Coastal Plain are well known. Examples include the preservation of previous perturbations such as tree throw，bioturbation，and root casts. These rather small perturbations tend to persist and grow over time，eventually producing highly variable soil patterns over remarkably short distances. The same processes that control soil development also influence other systems.The question of scale is significant for every geomorphology investigation and the problems related to scale are the focus of Chapter Eight. In this chapter，spatiotemporal scale relationships are linked to the necessity for understanding the rates，duration，and frequencies of the processes that act upon a system. Definition of these processes by any single nonlinear formula or complex systems analysis is not now，and may never be，possible. Phillips states that to fully understand earth surface systems，traveling into the field and measuring the distance，speed，population，and distribution of any such system is imperative.In Chapter Nine，Phillips synthesizes his ideas and concepts by proposing eleven principles of earth surface systems，which clearly summarize the detailed descriptions found in the previous chapters. Reading this chapter before reading the entire text would greatly assist those readers who are not familiar with earth surface systems literature. By reading this chapter first，they would familiarize themselves with the major concepts that the author emphasizes and provide a better overall understanding of the book.Amidst all of the strengths of this book，it is perhaps easier to define the few—but significant—weaknesses. Although the book is written for geographers，geologists，and other earth scientists who have a basic knowledge of physical geography，a more advanced knowledge of earth surface processes is required for complete understanding of the text. The book is more appropriate for advanced undergraduate or graduate students. Most undergraduate earth science majors would find this text overwhelming. The text is obscurely written and jargon-rich，and the absence of a glossary hinders the ease of use. The detail and complexity of the book make it difficult to read; however，it is a significant contribution to advanced earth scientists，and an in-depth examination is rewarding and a true eye-opener for all but the most advanced geomorphologists. Overall，the text is a significant contribution to the understanding of earth systems and is a must for the library of any individual who considers himself an earth scientist or physical geographer.

复杂就会不一样,复杂就会一样。我们知道现代科学一般都习惯于将问题简单或约化了看,比方说吧生物学的问题归纳成化学作用,把化学作用归纳成电磁力或量子作用等等。然而,我们看到当一堆物质在一起时,如果复杂性超过一定的程度,会突现一些不一样的性质,这些性质并不能用那些基本作用来解释。-------所谓复杂就会不一样。然后,我们发现,在不同的学科,如物理、生物、社会学等等多个领域,当对象复杂性达到一定程度时,会呈现出一些共同的规律,满足一些共同的数学模型,突现出一些共同的性质。-------所谓复杂就会一样。所以现在研究复杂性科学地聚集了许多不同学科的学者。这是门年轻的学科,好像不过二十多年,最早研究应该是圣塔菲研究院开始的吧。---------------------------------------个人觉得如果我们的中医能够引入复杂性科学的研究,也许会打开一个新天地。求采纳

ae的Advanced Lightning（高级闪电）滤镜是专门做闪电效果的试试这几步操作：选择菜单Composition→New Composition命令，创建一个新的合成影像，Duration设置为4秒，尺寸为320×240。选择菜单Layer→New→Solid，新建一个黑色固态层。选择菜单Effect→Generate→Advanced Lightning。设置关键帧动画，在第0秒的位置设置Core Opacity为0.0%，Glow Opacity为0.0%，在第1秒的位置设置Core Opacity为64.0%，Glow Opacity为52.0%，Complexity为1，第2秒的位置设置Complexity为7，在第3秒的位置设置Decay为0.3，Complexity为6，在第4秒的位置设置Decay为80

当i < len时, 即 i = 0,1,2,...,n-1的时候，for循环不走，所以这n次的时间复杂度都是O(1); 当i >= len时, 即 i = n的时候，for循环进行数组的copy，所以只有这1次的时间复杂度是O(n); 由此可知: 该算法的最好情况时间复杂度(best case time complexity)为O(1); 最坏情况时间复杂度(worst case time complexity)为O(n); 平均情况时间复杂度(average case time complexity), 第一种计算方式: (1+1+...+1+n)/(n+1) = 2n/(n+1) 【注: 式子中1+1+...+1中有n个1】,所以平均复杂度为O(1); 第二种计算方式(加权平均法，又称期望): 1 (1/n+1)+1 (1/n+1)+...+1 (1/n+1)+n (1/(n+1))=1，所以加权平均时间复杂度为O(1); 第三种计算方式(均摊时间复杂度): 前n个操作复杂度都是O(1)，第n+1次操作的复杂度是O(n)，所以把最后一次的复杂度分摊到前n次上，那么均摊下来每次操作的复杂度为O(1)

也就是说，能够对一定规范的输入，在有限时间内获得所要求的输出。如果一个算法有缺陷，或不适合于某个问题，执行这个算法将不会解决这个问题。不同的算法可能用不同的时间、空间或效率来完成同样的任务。一个算法的优劣可以用空间复杂度与时间复杂度来衡量。 一个算法应该具有以下五个重要的特征： 算法可以使用自然语言、伪代码、流程图等多种不同的方法来描述。1、有穷性（Finiteness） 算法的有穷性是指算法必须能在执行有限个步骤之后终止2、确切性(Difiniteness) 算法的每一步骤必须有确切的定义；3、输入项(Input) 一个算法有0个或多个输入，以刻画运算对象的初始情况，所谓0个输入是指算法本身定出了初始条件；4、输出项(Output) 一个算法有一个或多个输出，以反映对输入数据加工后的结果。没有输出的算法是毫无意义的；5、可行性(Effectiveness) 算法中执行的任何计算步都是可以被分解为基本的可执行的操作步，即每个计算步都可以在有限时间内完成。（也称之为有效性） 计算机科学家尼克劳斯-沃思曾著过一本著名的书《数据结构十算法= 程序》，可见算法在计算机科学界与计算机应用界的地位。编辑本段算法的复杂度 同一问题可用不同算法解决，而一个算法的质量优劣将影响到算法乃至程序的效率。算法分析的目的在于选择合适算法和改进算法。一个算法的评价主要从时间复杂度和空间复杂度来考虑。时间复杂度 算法的时间复杂度是指执行算法所需要的时间。一般来说，计算机算法是问题规模n 的函数f(n)，算法的时间复杂度也因此记做 T(n)=Ο(f(n)) 因此，问题的规模n 越大，算法执行的时间的增长率与f(n) 的增长率正相关，称作渐进时间复杂度（Asymptotic Time Complexity）。空间复杂度 算法的空间复杂度是指算法需要消耗的内存空间。其计算和表示方法与时间复杂度类似，一般都用复杂度的渐近性来表示。同时间复杂度相比，空间复杂度的分析要简单得多。 详见百度百科词条"算法复杂度"编辑本段算法设计与分析的基本方法1.递推法 递推法是利用问题本身所具有的一种递推关系求问题解的一种方法。它把问题分成若干步，找出相邻几步的关系，从而达到目的，此方法称为递推法。2.递归 递归指的是一个过程：函数不断引用自身，直到引用的对象已知3.穷举搜索法 穷举搜索法是对可能是解的众多候选解按某种顺序进行逐一枚举和检验，并从众找出那些符合要求的候选解作为问题的解。4.贪婪法 贪婪法是一种不追求最优解，只希望得到较为满意解的方法。贪婪法一般可以快速得到满意的解，因为它省去了为找最优解要穷尽所有可能而必须耗费的大量时间。贪婪法常以当前情况为基础作最优选择，而不考虑各种可能的整体情况，所以贪婪法不要回溯。5.分治法 分治法是把一个复杂的问题分成两个或更多的相同或相似的子问题，再把子问题分成更小的子问题……直到最后子问题可以简单的直接求解，原问题的解即子问题的解的合并。6.动态规划法 动态规划是一种在数学和计算机科学中使用的，用于求解包含重叠子问题的最优化问题的方法。其基本思想是，将原问题分解为相似的子问题，在求解的过程中通过子问题的解求出原问题的解。动态规划的思想是多种算法的基础，被广泛应用于计算机科学和工程领域。7.迭代法 迭代法是数值分析中通过从一个初始估计出发寻找一系列近似解来解决问题（一般是解方程或者方程组）的过程，为实现这一过程所使用的方法统称为迭代法。编辑本段算法分类 算法可大致分为基本算法、数据结构的算法、数论与代数算法、计算几何的算法、图论的算法、动态规划以及数值分析、加密算法、排序算法、检索算法、随机化算法、并行算法。 算法可以宏泛的分为三类： 有限的，确定性算法 这类算法在有限的一段时间内终止。他们可能要花很长时间来执行指定的任务，但仍将在一定的时间内终止。这类算法得出的结果常取决于输入值。 有限的，非确定算法 这类算法在有限的时间内终止。然而，对于一个（或一些）给定的数值，算法的结果并不是唯一的或确定的。 无限的算法 是那些由于没有定义终止定义条件，或定义的条件无法由输入的数据满足而不终止运行的算法。通常，无限算法的产生是由于未能确定的定义终止条件。编辑本段举例 经典的算法有很多，如："欧几里德算法，割圆术，秦九韶算法"。编辑本段算法经典专著 目前市面上有许多论述算法的书籍，其中最著名的便是《计算机程序设计艺术》（The Art Of Computer Programming) 以及《算法导论》（Introduction To Algorithms）。编辑本段算法的历史 “算法”即演算法的大陆中文名称出自《周髀算经》；而英文名称Algorithm 来自于9世纪波斯数学家al-Khwarizmi，因为al-Khwarizmi在数学上提出了算法这个概念。“算法”原为"algorism"，意思是阿拉伯数字的运算法则，在18世纪演变为"algorithm"。欧几里得算法被人们认为是史上第一个算法。 第一次编写程序是Ada Byron于1842年为巴贝奇分析机编写求解解伯努利方程的程序，因此Ada Byron被大多数人认为是世界上第一位程序员。因为查尔斯·巴贝奇(Charles Babbage)未能完成他的巴贝奇分析机，这个算法未能在巴贝奇分析机上执行。 因为"well-defined procedure"缺少数学上精确的定义，19世纪和20世纪早期的数学家、逻辑学家在定义算法上出现了困难。20世纪的英国数学家图灵提出了著名的图灵论题，并提出一种假想的计算机的抽象模型，这个模型被称为图灵机。图灵机的出现解决了算法定义的难题，图灵的思想对算法的发展起到了重要作用的。 求素数的埃拉托塞尼筛法和求方根的开方的方法公式（算法不等于公式，公式却是提供一种算法）

在你的JDK安装目录下有这样一个文件夹 ｛JDK的安装路径｝/demo/jfc/FileChooserDemo/FileChooserDemo.jar 命令行下执行 java -jar FileChooserDemo.jar 就可以执行该程序 源代码在 ｛JDK的安装路径｝/demo/jfc/FileChooserDemo/src/目录下 !

北京奥林匹克公园的总占地面积是一千一百五十九万平方米。

caring for our earth environment the biggest threat to our environment today is the way we,as human beings, see our environment,how we see our environment shapes our whole world. most of us see everything as independent from one another.But the reality is that everything is part of one interconnected,interrelated whole.For example, a tree may appear isolated,but in fact it affects and is affected by everything in its environment--sunshine,rain,wind,birds,minerals,other plants and trees,you ,me.The tree shapes the wind that blows around it; it is also shaped by that wind. Look at the relationship between the tree and its environment and you will see the future of the tree.The "Matthew effect" denotes the phenomenon that "the rich get richer and the poor get poorer" and can be observed in various different contexts where "rich" and "poor" can take different meanings. The effect takes its name from a line spoken by "the Master" in Jesus" parable of the talents in the biblical Gospel of Matthew: "For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath." (Matthew XXV:29, King James Version.) Sociology of science In sociology of science, "Matthew effect" was a term coined by Robert K. Merton to describe how, among other things, eminent scientists will often get more credit than a comparatively unknown researcher, even if their work is similar; it also means that credit will usually be given to researchers who are already famous: for example, a prize will almost always be awarded to the most senior researcher involved in a project, even if all the work was done by a graduate student. [edit] Examples As credit is valued in science, specific claims of the Matthew effect are contentious. 20th century mathematician John von Neumann is frequently called the "father of game theory" or the "father of the computer," even though his influential publications were sometimes restatements of the ideas of his collaborators (see the First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC). There was a controversy involving George Sudarshan and the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2005. Several physicists wrote a letter to the Swedish Academy, protesting that Sudarshan should have been awarded a share of the Prize for the Sudarshan-Glauber representation (or Sudarshan diagonal representation) in quantum optics, for which Roy J. Glauber won his share of the prize. Because the terms of Alfred Nobel"s will restrict the number of Nobel Prize winners to three in a given year, the Nobel Committee has often been criticized for allegedly ignoring scientists who did seminal work on a topic while awarding a prize to other scientists for the same topic. For the first time, Sudarshan himself has broken his silence over the Nobel controversy. Speaking to HT, he expressed frustration at the way Indians are ignored for top science honours. Speaking to the Indian daily , he said: "The 2005 Nobel prize for Physics was awarded for my work, but I wasn"t the one to get it. Each one of the discoveries that the Nobel was given for were based on my research." In algorithmic information theory, the notion of Kolmogorov complexity (also known as Kolomogorov-Chaitin complexity) is named after the famous Russian mathematician Andrey Kolmogorov. Li and Vitanyi, in "An Introduction to Kolmogorov Complexity and Its Applications" (p.84), write: Ray Solomonoff [...] introduced [what is now known as] "Kolmogorov complexity" in a long journal paper in 1964. [...] This makes Solomonoff the first inventor and raises the question whether we should talk about Solomonoff complexity. [...] (Associating Kolmogorov"s name with the complexity may also be an example of the "Matthew Effect" first noted in the Gospel according to Matthew, 25:29-30, "For to every one who has more will be given, and he will have in abundance; but from him who has not, even what he has will be taken away. And cast the worthless servant into the outer darkness; there men will weep and gnash their teeth.") There are many uncontroversial examples of the Matthew effect in mathematics, where a concept is due to one mathematician (and well-documented as such), but is attributed to a later (possibly much later), more famous mathematician who worked on it. For instance, the Poincaré disk model and Poincaré half-plane model of hyperbolic space are both named for Henri Poincaré, but were introduced by Eugenio Beltrami in 1868 (when Poincaré was 14 and had not as yet contributed to hyperbolic geometry). [edit] Matilda effect The Matilda effect is the corollary to the Matthew effect: the work of women in science is often neglected. The Matilda effect, named after early feminist Matilda Joslyn Gage, was postulated by historian of science Margaret Rossiter in 1993. [edit] Education In education the term Matthew effect has been adopted by Keith Stanovich, a psychologist who has done extensive research on reading and language disabilities. Stanovich used the term to describe a phenomenon that has been observed in research on how new readers acquire the skills to read: early success in acquiring reading skills usually leads to later successes in reading as the learner grows, while failing to learn to read before the third or fourth year of schooling may be indicative of life-long problems in learning new skills. This is because children who fall behind in reading, read less, increasing the gap between them and their peers. Later, when students need to "read to learn" (where before they were learning to read) their reading difficulty creates difficulty in most other subjects. In this way they fall further and further behind in school, dropping out at a much higher rate than their peers. Because of this they are not able to tap into education as a way to improve their lives, essentially becoming poorer while others become richer. In the words of Keith Stanovich: Slow reading acquisition has cognitive, behavioral, and motivational consequences that slow the development of other cognitive skills and inhibit performance on many academic tasks. In short, as reading develops, other cognitive processes linked to it track the level of reading skill. Knowledge bases that are in reciprocal relationships with reading are also inhibited from further development. The longer this developmental sequence is allowed to continue, the more generalized the deficits will become, seeping into more and more areas of cognition and behavior. Or to put it more simply -- and sadly -- in the words of a tearful nine-year-old, already falling frustratingly behind his peers in reading progress, "Reading affects everything you do" (Adams, 1990, pp. 59-60)" [edit] Social policy In social policy the term was introduced by Herman Deleeck. It refers to the phenomenon, widely observed across advanced welfare states, that the middle classes tend to be the main beneficiaries of social benefits and services, even if these are primarily targeted at the poor. The term is also used in a similar way in adult education to describe the distribution of adult learning across populations. In this case it refers to the phenomenon whereby adults who have the highest levels of initial education are most likely to engage in structured continuing learning, while those with the lowest levels of initial education are the least likely to engage in structured learning.

一般指含有一个，两个，或三个碱基的重复序列。比如：AAATAAAAAAAATAAAAAATPPCDPPPPPKDKKKKDDGPP这些序列容易让blast, alignment 结果产生false positive，所以选择filter滤去。

《Think Complexity (2/e)》（Allen B. Downey）电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1fs3XeZY5pZUqWfzb5UJfoA 提取码: jbai书名：《Think Complexity (2/e)》作者：Allen B. Downey出版社：O′Reilly出版年份：2018-7-27页数：230作者简介：Allen B. Downey拥有加州大学伯克利分校的计算机科学博土学位和MIT的硕士与学土学位，现任美国欧林工程学院计算机科学系的教授，曾经在威尔斯利大学、科尔比学院和加州大学伯克利分校教授计算机科学相关的课程。曾经担任 Google的访问科学家，对复杂性科学和Python十分着迷，有较为深入的研究和丰富的实践经验。

《比尔盖茨哈佛演讲稿》《演讲稿》 关于《演讲稿》的文章《比尔盖茨哈佛演讲稿》正文开始>> --All of us here in this yard people, life always has one way or another, have seen human tragedies moments, feel very sad.didn"t care, but because we didn"t know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would have acted.此刻在这个院子里的所有人，生命中总有这样或那样的时刻，目睹人类的悲剧，感到万分伤心。但是我们什么也没做，并非我们无动于衷，而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。如果我们知道如何做是有效的，那么我们就会采取行动。The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity.改变世界的阻碍，并非人类的冷漠，而是世界实在太复杂。To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.为了将关心转变为行动，我们需要找到问题，发现解决办法的方法，评估后果。但是世界的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex enterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, officials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, determine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台，让人们真正发现问题所在，仍然十分困难。当一架飞机坠毁了，官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会，他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来再次发生类似事故。But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent of them were on this plane. We"re determined to do everything possible to solve the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent."但是如果那些官员敢说真话，他们就会说：“在今天这一天，全世界所有可以避免的死亡之中，只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力，调查这个0.5%的死亡原因。”The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable deaths.显然，更重要的问题不是这次空难，而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。We don"t read much about these deaths. The media covers what"s new – and millions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it"s easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it"s difficult to keep our eyes on the problem. It"s hard to look at suffering if the situation is so complex that we don"t know how to help. And so we look away.我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻，几百万人将要死去并非新闻。如果没有人报道，那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面，即使 我们确实目睹了事件本身或者看到了相关报道，我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的，何况问题又如此复杂，我们根本不知道如何去帮助他 人。所以我们会将脸转过去。If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.就算我们真正发现了问题所在，也不过是迈出了第一步，接着还有第二步：那就是从复杂的事件中找到解决办法。Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If we have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "How can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of the caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path of action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to matter.如果我们要让关心落到实处，我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的答案，那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时 候，我们就能采取行动。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是，世界的复杂性使得很难找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法， 因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生实际效果。Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable stages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest application of the technology that you already have — whether it"s something sophisticated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法，可以分为四个步骤：确定目标，找到最高效的方法，发现适用于这个方法的新技术，同时最聪明地利用现有的技术，不管它是复杂的药物，还是最简单的蚊帐。The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology would be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So governments, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is likely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting people to avoid risky behavior.艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标，毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理想的技术是发明一种疫苗，只要注射一次，就可以终生免疫。所以， 政府、制药公司、基金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是，这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此，与此同时，我们必须使用现有的技术，目前最有效的预防方法 就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行为。Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we did with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender to complexity and quit.要实现这个新的目标，又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误，那时我们因为它们太复杂，而放弃了采取行动。The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to measure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that others learn from your efforts.在发现问题和找到解决方法之后，就是最后一步——评估工作结果，将你的成功经验或者失败经验传播出去，这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from business and government.当然，你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道，你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗。你也必须让他人知道，儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的，不仅有利于改善项目效果，也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than numbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel what saving a life means to the families affected.但是，这些还不够，如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目，你就必须拿出更多的统计数字；你必须展示你的项目的人性因素，这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命，对那些处在困境中的家庭到底意味着什么。I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the thrill of saving just one person"s life – then multiply that by millions. … Yet this was the most boring panel I"ve ever been on – ever. So boring even I couldn"t bear it.几年前，我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛，会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万条生命。天哪，是几百万！想一想吧，拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动，现在你要把这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是，不幸的是，这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛，乏味到我无法强迫自己听下去。What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited about software – but why can"t we generate even more excitement for saving lives?那次经历之所以让我难忘，是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本，我们让观众激动得跳了起来，喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动，那么我们为什么不能够让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢？You can"t get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact. And how you do that – is a complex question.除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力，否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一点，并不是一件简单的事。Still, I"m optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new tools we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are new – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that"s why the future can be different from the past.同前面一样，在这个问题上，我依然是乐观的。不错，人类的不平等有史以来一直存在，但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具，却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们，将人类的同情心发挥最大的作用，这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the computer, the Internet – give us a chance we"ve never had before to end extreme poverty and end death from preventable disease.这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术，计算机，互联网——它们给了我们一个从未有过的机会，去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a plan to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty is that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of facts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult for the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance of the situation."六十年前，乔治u2022马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上，宣布了一个计划，帮助那些欧洲国家的战后建设。他说：“我认为，困难的一点是这个问题太复杂， 报纸和电台向公众源源不断地提供各种事实，使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上，经过层层传播，想要真正地把握形势，是根本不可能的。”Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more visible, less distant.马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年，我那一届学生毕业，当然我不在其中。那时，新技术刚刚开始萌芽，它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network that has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.低成本的个人电脑的出现，使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生，它为学习和交流提供了巨大的机会。The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance and makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of brilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that scales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.网络的神奇之处，不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离，使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会，我们可以为了解决同一个问题，一起共同工作。这就大大加快了革新的进程，发展速度简直快得让人震惊。At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technology, five people don"t. That means many creative minds are left out of this discussion --- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience who don"t have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas to the world.与此同时，世界上有条件上网的人，只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着，还有许多具有创造性的人们，没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明人，却没有技术来帮助他们，将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but for universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to address the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago.我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术，因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命，人类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能，不仅是政府，还 包括大学、公司、小机构、甚至个人，能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果，去改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫 穷和绝望。Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collections of intellectual talent in the world.

Pupils did not volunteer ideas （that suggested that）（ they appreciated the complexity of causes of rainforest destruction.)等价于Pupils did not volunteer ideas（+A定语从句）(+B宾语从句)后面的that可以省略，令（ they appreciated the complexity of causes of rainforest destruction.)=B则有Pupils did not volunteer ideas （that suggested B.）这样能看懂了？

现在制作视频，可以使用的软件不再单一。PR、AE、剪映等都是很不错的选择，对此我们上也有对应的课程可以提供学习！而今天，我们要来说的是AE软件的学习！AE可以用来进行图形视频处理！想学AE，还不简单？选择羽兔的AE自学视频课程，4套专业系统课+91套案例课，带你掌握AE软件基础之后逐步上手案例实操~AE波浪动画效果制作图文教程：1、今天要讲的波浪动画效果需要安装Trapcode的Mir3插件。2、安装插件后，就开始新建合成，创建一个纯色层，在效果中找到并添加FractalNoise（分形噪波）效果。3、调整Contrast（对比度）为70，Brightness（亮度）为-25，Scalewidth（宽度）为5000，Scaleheight（高度）为30，Complexity（复杂度）为2，制作出下面的效果。4、因为这个效果比较单调，所以可以添加Curves（曲线）效果，在其中调整颜色。5、选择纯色层，按Ctrl+shift+C预合成，命名为：分形噪波，然后隐藏预合成图层。6、新建纯色层，并命名为：Mir，在效果中搜索Trapcode，并添加Mir3效果到纯色层中。7、在Texture（纹理）-TextureLayer（纹理层）中选择预合成图层。8、在Geometry（几何学）中进行设置，如图：9、按Alt点击RotateX（X轴旋转）的关键帧，添加表达式：time*10，让图像进行旋转。10、点击Fractal（分形）-OffsetX（偏移X），按上面方法添加表达式：time*30。11、在效果中添加WaveWarp（波形变形）效果并调整，让效果不那么生硬。12、在Fractal中设置Amplitude（幅度）为300，Frequency（频率）为520。13、再添加BezierWarp（贝塞尔曲线变形）效果并调整。14、按Ctrl+D复制Mir图层，在复制的图层中添加Curvers效果来调整颜色，混合模式为Screen。15、选择2个Mir图层，按ee键打开表达式，把一个OffsetX表达式改为35。16、最后给图层添加高斯模糊去除杂边，再添加Noise效果增加视频质感。那么，关于“AE怎么制作波浪动画效果？AE波浪动画效果制作图文教程”的内容羽兔就分享这么多，不知道大家根据以上的分享学到了没有？如果你实在觉得图文学习掌握的比较慢的话，那么就可以选择视频课程学习了。视频课程学习，不单止知识点清晰有条理，还通俗易懂，知识点还能够反复重温掌握！还在等什么？点击链接即刻学习体验吧：

Pupils did not volunteer ideas （that suggested that）（ they appreciated the complexity of causes of rainforest destruction.)等价于Pupils did not volunteer ideas（+A定语从句）(+B宾语从句)后面的that可以省略，令（ they appreciated the complexity of causes of rainforest destruction.)=B则有Pupils did not volunteer ideas （that suggested B.）这样能看懂了？

I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is no hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will be with us till the end – because people just … don"t … care." I completely disagree. I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with. All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn"t care, but because we didn"t know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would have acted. The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity. To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps. Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex enterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, officials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, determine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent of them were on this plane. We"re determined to do everything possible to solve the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent." The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable deaths. We don"t read much about these deaths. The media covers what"s new – and millions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it"s easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it"s difficult to keep our eyes on the problem. It"s hard to look at suffering if the situation is so complex that we don"t know how to help. And so we look away. If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution. Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If we have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "How can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of the caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path of action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to matter. Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable stages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest application of the technology that you already have — whether it"s something sophisticated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet. The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology would be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So governments, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is likely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting people to avoid risky behavior. Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we did with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender to complexity and quit. The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to measure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that others learn from your efforts. You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from business and government. But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than numbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel what saving a life means to the families affected. I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the thrill of saving just one person"s life – then multiply that by millions. … Yet this was the most boring panel I"ve ever been on – ever. So boring even I couldn"t bear it. What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited about software – but why can"t we generate even more excitement for saving lives? You can"t get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact. And how you do that – is a complex question. Still, I"m optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new tools we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are new – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that"s why the future can be different from the past. The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the computer, the Internet – give us a chance we"ve never had before to end extreme poverty and end death from preventable disease. Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a plan to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty is that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of facts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult for the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance of the situation." Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more visible, less distant. The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network that has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating. The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance and makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of brilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that scales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree. At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technology, five people don"t. That means many creative minds are left out of this discussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience who don"t have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas to the world. We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but for universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to address the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago. Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collections of intellectual talent in the world. What for? There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benefactors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here and around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name? Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual leaders here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world"s worst inequities? Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevalence of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of school … the children who die from diseases we can cure? Should the world"s most privileged people learn about the lives of the world"s least privileged? These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies. My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stopped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hosted a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she saw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected." When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in talent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world has a right to expect from us. In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates here to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a specialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenomenal. But you don"t have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every week, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them. Don"t let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It will be one of the great experiences of your lives. You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you have technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of global inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also have an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people whose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had; you must start sooner, and carry on longer. Knowing what you know, how could you not?And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yourselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well you have addressed the world"s deepest inequities … on how well you treated people a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity.

ae的Advanced Lightning（高级闪电）滤镜是专门做闪电效果的试试这几步操作：选择菜单Composition→New Composition命令，创建一个新的合成影像，Duration设置为4秒，尺寸为320×240。选择菜单Layer→New→Solid，新建一个黑色固态层。选择菜单Effect→Generate→Advanced Lightning。设置关键帧动画，在第0秒的位置设置Core Opacity为0.0%，Glow Opacity为0.0%，在第1秒的位置设置Core Opacity为64.0%，Glow Opacity为52.0%，Complexity为1，第2秒的位置设置Complexity为7，在第3秒的位置设置Decay为0.3，Complexity为6，在第4秒的位置设置Decay为80

翻译成英文是人与事物的简单性或复杂性无关。下图是翻译截图

draw attention to。。才行啊

数学顶尖杂志前40名的杂志简称全称对照表B AMER MATH SOC BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY J AM MATH SOC JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY COMMUN PUR APPL MATHCOMMUNICATIONS ON PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS FOUND COMPUT MATH FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTATIONAL MATHEMATICS ACTA MATH-DJURSHOLMACTA MATHEMATICA ANN MATH ANNALS OF MATHEMATICS DISCRETE CONT DYN SDISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS INVENT MATH INVENTIONES MATHEMATICAE DUKE MATH J DUKE MATHEMATICAL JOURNAL J MATH PURE APPL JOURNAL DE MATHEMATIQUES PURES ET APPLIQUEES MEM AM MATH SOC MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY J ALGEBRAIC GEOM JOURNAL OF ALGEBRAIC GEOMETRY NUMER LINEAR ALGEBRNUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS COMP GEOM-THEOR APPLCOMPUTATIONAL GEOMETRY-THEORY AND APPLICATIONS CALC VAR PARTIAL DIFCALCULUS OF VARIATIONS AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS J FUNCT ANAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AM J MATH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS MATH ANN MATHEMATISCHE ANNALEN ADV MATH ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICS RANDOM STRUCT ALGORRANDOM STRUCTURES & ALGORITHMS ANN SCI ECOLE NORM SANNALES SCIENTIFIQUES DE L ECOLE NORMALE SUPERIEURE COMPUT COMPLEX COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY GEOM FUNCT ANAL GEOMETRIC AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS COMMUN PART DIFF EQCOMMUNICATIONS IN PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS J DIFFER EQUATIONS JOURNAL OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS INT MATH RES NOTICESINTERNATIONAL MATHEMATICS RESEARCH NOTICES T AM MATH SOC TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY ALGEBR REPRESENT THALGEBRAS AND REPRESENTATION THEORY P LOND MATH SOC PROCEEDINGS OF THE LONDON MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY J REINE ANGEW MATH JOURNAL FUR DIE REINE UND ANGEWANDTE MATHEMATIK RAMANUJAN J RAMANUJAN JOURNAL ASTERISQUE ASTERISQUE DISCRETE COMPUT GEOMDISCRETE & COMPUTATIONAL GEOMETRY MATH RES LETT MATHEMATICAL RESEARCH LETTERS MATH ZMATHEMATISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT COMPOS MATH COMPOSITIO MATHEMATICA ANN ACAD SCI FENN-MANNALES ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARUM FENNICAE-MATHEMATICA MICH MATH J MICHIGAN MATHEMATICAL JOURNAL J DIFFER GEOM JOURNAL OF DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY P ROY SOC EDINB A PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH SECTION A-MATHEMATICS 这个可能就是按排名的吧（个人猜测）不过说实话 既然都是顶尖的国外期刊 就不会差到哪去

AdobeAfterEffects，简称“AE”，是Adobe公司推出的处理图形视频的软件，主要用于视频制作以及后期特效处理！同样是视频剪辑软件，PR相对于AE可能就简单一点！想要掌握好AE软件，其实还是离不开系统的课程学习！这里专门为大家提供到了94套的AE视频课程学习，有基础入门的，也有中级提升的。你可以系统的学习，也可以碎片化的学习，一切都随你心意~AE制作酷炫粒子游离效果教程：1、首先打开AE2、新建一个合成，1280*720px，持续时间10秒，黑色画布3、新建一个纯色图层（快捷键：ctrl+y）在效果栏搜索Particular拖入纯色图层中在Emitter里，将Particles改为60，EmitterType改为Box，Velocity改为150，VelocityRandom改为80，EmitterSizeX改为1280，EmitterSizeY改为720，EmitterSizeZ改为720在Particle里，将Life改为5，Size改为7，OpacityRandom改为100在Physics里，将Air-TurbulenceField-AffectSize改为10，AffectPositio改为100，Complexity改为2在AuxSystem里，将Emit改为Continuously，Particles改为200，Life改为5，Size改为3，Opacity改为10，ColoroverLife改为喜欢颜色4、新建一个空对象和摄像机，点开空对象3D图层，然后将摄像机关联到空对象上点击空对象，按R键打开旋转属性，时间线5秒，在Y轴旋转打上关键帧，时间线移动到10秒，Y轴旋转60度点击摄像机，按P键打开位置属性，时间线5秒，打上关键帧，时间线移动到10秒，拉近距离；然后打开摄像机选项的景深，将焦距改为1500，光圈改为405、在新建一个纯色图层，放到最底层在效果栏搜索梯度渐变，将起始颜色改为深灰色，j结束颜色改为黑色，渐变形状改为径向渐变在新建调整图层，将红色调高暗部降低，绿色调高暗部降低，蓝色降低暗部调高6、这样我们的动画就做好了最后，关于“AE怎么制作酷炫粒子游离效果？AE制作酷炫粒子游离效果教程”的内容羽兔就分享这么多，希望能够帮助到你~如果你觉得学的不够尽兴，还想学习更多关于AE的操作技巧的话，那么就一定不能够错过了，小手动动，点击链接：

1、复杂性 (complexity)正所谓普通的葡萄酒不复杂，上等的葡萄酒不单调。好的葡萄酒，味道一定有两种或以上，第一次动用舌头，你可能感觉到黑加伦子(black currant) 味；第二次则有李子味；第三次甚至可能有近似菠萝的味道!长久以来，葡萄酒专家常苦心思量，寻找其他食物味道去形容一支复杂的葡萄酒。但味道这东西真的可以有100%准确的字眼去形容吗?休·约翰逊(Hugh Johnson)就批评过他的同行们滥用用食物味道词语来描述葡萄酒的不专业态度。2、香气 (smell /aroma)有句广告词，叫做闻香识女人，强！但也许不是所有男人可以做到，但是闻香识好酒，通过努力，我们也许都可以学到。一般人的嗅觉能区别超过100种以上不同的气味，凑近酒杯，深吸一口，好的酒会有其特殊的香气。酒的香气是品酒时非常好的指标，好的红酒有颇为复杂的气味，不会搀杂坏的气味或奇怪的味道。精于此道者甚至能由闻酒的过程中区别出包括橡木桶、黑樱桃、紫罗兰，或其它种种不同的香味。3、回香 / 余韵 (finish / after-taste / lingering / length)顾名思义，余韵指的是吞下葡萄酒后，余留在口腔中的一点点葡萄酒继续对味蕾产生的味道。这个比较难界定，但你只要想想，我们中国人喝完一杯好茶后，会用"唇齿留香"去形容。其实同样道理也适用于葡萄酒。4、深度 (depth)很多中国人喝葡萄酒如啤酒般痛快，简直是暴殄天物。好的葡萄酒，入口后不应立刻吞下，而应该用舌头轻轻撩动，用心感受酒的味道。随着时间增长，依然能保持相似程度的味道，更好的酒甚至味道会逐渐增强；直至某个时间味道开始有减弱的迹象，这时再吞下葡萄酒。

显卡的问题

我也好奇这个 貌似是S —function 的 。

be of +名词结构 意思就是XXX+那个名词的意思 比如说XXX is of vital importance就是某某十分重要vital意思是极其

　　通常情况下，PIN码的最短位数是4位，如果你希望PIN码更加的安全，可以设置一个超长位数的PIN。那么，在Windows10系统下要如何限定PIN的最短位数呢？大家可以根据我的演示来操作。 　　 PIN是什么意思？ 　　PIN即个人识别码（PIN=personal identification number ），用于保护智能卡免受误用的秘密标识代码。PIN 与密码类似，只有卡的所有者才知道该PIN。 　　在Windows10系统中，PIN是一个额外的安全功能，可以保护用户账户以及计算机内的敏感数据，启用后，你将可以使用简短的PIN码登录Windows，或者在应用商店内支付，整个过程无需使用你的.微软账户密码，也无需按回车键。 　　PIN码和微软账户密码的区别在于，微软账户密码可以使用在任何设备上，而PIN码只对你设置了PIN的当前设备有效，你可以理解为，PIN码是个可以在特定的设备上替代你的微软账户密码的本地密码。当你使用微软账户登录计算机时，Windows将把你输入的微软账户密码传输到微软的服务器进行验证，而PIN则不会。 　　需要注意的是，PIN码并不能完全取代微软账户密码，要设置一个PIN，你必须先使用微软账户登录当前的计算机。 　　1、按win+r弹出运行，输入regedit； 　　2、来到以下目录（若无此目录请手动新建）：HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREPoliciesMicrosoftPassportForWorkPINComplexity； 　　3、将鼠标光标放在窗口左侧树状列表的PINComplexity项上，点击右键，选择新建-DWORD（32位）值，并将此值命名为：MinimumPINLength； 　　4、双击我们刚刚新建的名为MinimumPINLength的DWORD（32位）值，将基数设置为10进制，然后再将数值数据改为你期望的PIN码长度的最小值。比如我希望限定PIN码的最短长度是100位，则在此处填入数字100，设置完成后，点击确定按钮； 　　5、我们来退出注册表编辑器，看看效果。依次进入设置-账户-登录选项，在PIN设置段点击添加按钮； 　　6、此时你将看到PIN设置窗口； 　　7、当我们尝试将PIN设置为较短的位数，然后点击确定后，将看到红色字体的提示如下： 　　请提供符合复杂性要求的PIN，PIN必须至少包含100个字符； 　　8、我们可以举一反三，刚刚我们通过名为MinimumPINLength的DWORD（32位）值限定了PIN码的最短长度，同理，我们可以通过名为MaximumPINLength的DWORD（32位）值限定PIN码的最长长度； 　　9、步骤和先前大同小异，即打开注册表编辑器，在左侧树状列表的PINComplexity项上点击鼠标右键，新建名为MaximumPINLength的DWORD（32位）值，双击该值，将基数设置为10进制，将数值数据设置为你期望的PIN码长度的最大值。比如我希望限定PIN码的最长长度是1000位，则在此处填入数字1000，然后点击确定按钮；

我觉得更重要的是味 闻是最有效的处理方法

CSGOblast秋季赛2022将于8月19日至28日进行，今日比赛于北京时间19点开场，共12支队伍参赛，他们将争夺6个晋级秋季总决赛的席位，接下来大家带来blast秋季赛2022赛程预告。 在赛制上，本次秋季赛与上半年的春季赛类似。经过BO1双败淘汰赛的排位后，淘汰赛将在钢拳赛制下展开。每个小组的小组第三、第四将率先进行BO3单淘较量，胜者挑战小组第二，以此类推，最后三个小组榜首都将迎属于他的挑战者，并决出三个BLAST PREMIER秋季决赛名额。 淘汰赛结束后，还有附加赛阶段。淘汰赛第二轮和最后一轮的负者将进行最后的BO3争夺，为另外三个秋决门票而战。 2022blast秋季赛7月6日赛程如下 A组： B组： C组： 参赛队伍： 首轮看点 A组：难分胜负的对决 Vitality vs OG A组中第一场比赛是Vitality对阵OG。对于小蜜蜂来讲，他们已经很久没有品尝过胜利的滋味，此前他们在IEM科隆上不敌Movistar Riders和MOUZ，仅仅获得了9-12名的位置。而今年中最好的成绩当属BLAST春季总决赛时的亚军。在正面火力不足的情况下，小蜜蜂选择换下misutaaa，并迎来了ENCE的以色列枪男Spinx，此番变阵能否给队伍带来不一样的化学反应，让我们在赛场上见真章。 从纸面实力上来看，变阵后的Vitality确实要比OG技高一筹，但OG在休赛期也同样做出了变阵，在BLAST春季总决赛上，degster以1.16的rating帮助队伍晋级4强，“拍拍熊”的实力我们有目共睹，近期他们也是顺利在里约之路欧洲RMR预选赛中晋级，得以将全部精力投入在接下来的BLAST秋季小组赛中，相信他们会有不一样的表现。 Astralis vs NIP 这两个队伍目前的世界排名一个位居第4，一个第5，这场比赛也会是一场不分伯仲的比赛。不过从近期的比赛成绩来看，Astralis在刚刚结束的欧洲区RMR公开预选赛上翻了车，这要为他们的比赛状态打上一个大大的问号。而另一侧的NIP一直以来都被冠以一线守门员的称号，他们在面对上NaVi、FaZe这些顶级强队时总是显得有些束手无策，但从hampus的采访来看，他们在休赛期的集训情况不错，A组众队的实力相对均衡，他们或许有机会杀出重围拿到A组的晋级名额。 B组：s1mple你根本不在哥本哈根!G2能否重新证明自己? NaVi vs Complexity 前日曾有媒体曝出s1mple或将缺席本次赛事，而headtr1ck则会代替他的位置随队参赛。目前NaVi的参赛阵容仍然成谜，NaVi官方还是没有正式回应，看来只能在正式开打前一刻我们才能知晓最终的答案。 而从另一方面来看，没有s1mple的NaVi或许也是一个值得关注的看点，如果headtr1ck上阵，那么就意味着他或将在正式比赛中首次与自己的好基友m0NESY展开交手，B组的对抗有NaVi与G2这两支队伍就已是看点十足。coL这边也得提上一嘴，他们在前段时间将Dignitas的大腿hellzerk招入麾下，对于世界排名第47的他们来说，只能是“已经在谷底了，怎么走都是向上”。 G2 vs Liquid 万众期待的G2终于迎来了自己的比赛，G2在上半年大起大伏的表现让粉丝“直呼过瘾”(bu shi)，此次在休赛期的变阵也是惊呆了粉丝，JACKZ的下放还在情理之中预料之内，但下放Aleksib的操作让所有人都搞不懂G2的操作，HooXi的加入更像是“减弱”了G2的实力，难道G2真的能够通过强大的化学反应来战胜对手吗?让我们拭目以待。 液体这边倒是有稳步上升的趋势，在上半年安特卫普Major 0-3淘汰后，很多粉丝认为液体可能步入了EG的后尘，但近期来看，拉脱维亚狂战士YEKINDAR的加入让队伍脱胎换骨，在IEM科隆上接连赢下了C9及黑豹。而且液体狙击手oSee也发挥的情况下，液体很有一战之力，因此本场比赛我认为应该是较为精彩的一场，G2到底能否再次证明自己?而液体是否还能延续在IEM科隆上的实力?都是本场比赛的看点。 C组：Top 1 vs Top 217 FaZe vs Evil Geniuses 在度过了如梦如幻的上半年后，FaZe渴望在下半年继续巩固自己的地位，他们首场比赛的对手是Evil Geniuses的主队，本场比赛也是整赛赛事中排名差距最悬殊的对阵——Top 1 vs Top 217。EG在休赛期进行了多项变阵，他们太过渴望尝到胜利的果实，但或许只有奇迹出现他们才能与上半年的最佳战队抗衡。 Heroic vs BIG Heroic这边自从jabbi加入后已经在IEM科隆上有过亮相，但他并未给队伍带来过大的变化，这也与Heroic的风格有关，他们更多的是一支体系队伍，需要每个人都在各自的位置上发挥一定的作用，长久以来他们都是各大赛事的淘汰赛晋级常客，但IEM科隆上的早早出局对他们来说绝对是一个坏消息，他们需要有一个机会重新找回排面。 而BIG这边两个从青训队上来的小老弟逐渐成为了队伍中的中流砥柱，均发挥了不小的作用。当队伍势均力敌的时候，便体现出狙击手的重要性，拥有鸟狙王称号的syrsoN狙击能力毋庸置疑，倒是身兼指挥的cadiaN身上增添了不小的压力。双方队伍谁能稳住心态，谁就能拿下第一个BO1的对决。

Determine the average complexity of algorithms.确定算法平均复杂度Understand the meaning of O ( ) complexity.理解算法复杂度的O( )表示法Prove the worst-case complexity of algorithms.证明算法最差复杂度 Pointers 这个是在数据结构里的指针的意思！object-oriented inheritance 面向对象的继承

在win10系统中，许多用户都喜欢给电脑设置PIN码，而一般情况下，pin码的最短位数是4位，如果你喜欢pin码更加安全的话，就可以设置一个超长位数的pin，那么win10系统怎么限定pin的最小位数呢，为此小编给大家介绍一下具体的操作方法吧。PIN是一个额外的安全功能，可以保护用户账户以及计算机内的敏感数据，启用后，你将可以使用简短的PIN码登录Windows，或者在应用商店内支付，整个过程无需使用你的微软账户密码，也无需按回车键。需要注意的是，PIN码并不能完全取代微软账户密码，要设置一个PIN，你必须先使用微软账户登录当前的计算机。操作方法一：使用注册表1、在小娜中搜索并运行regedit；2、来到以下目录(若无此目录请手动新建)：HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREPoliciesMicrosoftPassportForWorkPINComplexity；3、将鼠标光标放在窗口左侧树状列表的PINComplexity项上，点击右键，选择新建-DWORD(32位)值，并将此值命名为：MinimumPINLength;4、双击我们刚刚新建的名为MinimumPINLength的DWORD(32位)值，将基数设置为10进制，然后再将数值数据改为你期望的PIN码长度的最小值。比如小编希望限定PIN码的最短长度是100位，则在此处填入数字100，设置完成后，点击确定按钮;5、我们来退出注册表编辑器，看看效果。依次进入设置-账户-登录选项，在PIN设置段点击添加按钮;6、此时你将看到PIN设置窗口；7、当我们尝试将PIN设置为较短的位数，然后点击确定后，将看到红色字体的提示如下：请提供符合复杂性要求的PIN，PIN必须至少包含100个字符；8、我们可以举一反三，刚刚我们通过名为MinimumPINLength的DWORD(32位)值限定了PIN码的最短长度，同理，我们可以通过名为MaximumPINLength的DWORD(32位)值限定PIN码的最长长度;9、步骤和先前大同小异，即打开注册表编辑器，在左侧树状列表的PINComplexity项上点击鼠标右键，新建名为MaximumPINLength的DWORD(32位)值，双击该值，将基数设置为10进制，将数值数据设置为你期望的PIN码长度的最大值。比如小编希望限定PIN码的最长长度是1000位，则在此处填入数字1000，然后点击确定按钮;操作方法二：使用组策略如果你使用的Windows10是专业版、企业版或者教育版，那么你可以用更简单和直观的方法来设置PIN长度的最小值和最大值，方法如下：1、在微软小娜中搜索并打开gpedit；2、依次展开计算机配置-管理模板-系统-PIN复杂性；3、若想设置最小PIN长度，则点击最小PIN长度项，在接下来弹出的窗口中，选择已启用，然后在下方的选项中，将最小PIN长度设置为你的期望值，最后，点击窗口右下角的确定按钮；4、若想设置最大PIN长度，则点击最大PIN长度项，在接下来弹出的窗口中，选择已启用，然后在下方的选项中，将最大PIN长度设置为你的期望值，最后，点击窗口右下角的确定按钮。除此之外，我们还可以在组策略编辑器中看到很多其他有关pin码复杂程度的设置项，比如要求包含数字、要求包含小写字母、过期时间、历史记录、要求包含特殊字符、要求包含大写字母，这些设置项的设置方式与最小pin长度和最大pin长度的设置方式大同小异。上面给大家的就是关于win10系统怎么限定pin的最小位数，感兴趣的用户们可以采取上面的方法步骤来进行操作，相信可以帮助到大家。

high confidence高的信心双语对照词典结果：网络释义1. 高的置信度例句:1.High money, high complexity, high interest, high confidence 高工资超复杂兴趣高很自信

这些应该还可以 要答案的话再找我 So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible.”Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity: It can be seen and observed.Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest (探索)for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading. 36. The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that _______. A) it is one of the most difficult school courses B) students spend endless hours in reading C) reading tasks are assigned with little guidance D) too much time is spent in teaching about reading 37. The teaching of reading will be successful if _______. A) teachers can improve conditions at school for the students B) teachers can enable students to develop their own way of readingC) teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading D) too much time is spent in teaching activities observable 38. The word “scrutiny” (Line 3, Para. 3) most probably means “ _______ ”.A) inquiry B) observation C) control D) suspicion 39. According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when _______.A) children become highly motivated B) roles of teacher and learner are interchangeable C) teaching helps children in the search for knowledge D) reading enriches children"s experience 40. The main idea of the passage is that _______.A) teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read B) teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible C) reading ability is something acquired rather than taught D) reading is more complicated than generally believed

关于是否用作可数名词和是否用复数形式：(1) 表示抽象意义的“困难”，是不可数名词。如：Bad planning will lead to difficulty later. 计划不周会给以后带来困难。(2) 表示具体意义的“困难”(如难事、难点、难题等)，是可数名词。如：He paused as if he found a difficulty. 他停下来，好像遇到了一个难点。He met with many difficulties when travelling. 他在旅行进遇到过不少伤脑筋的事。(3) 在某些词组中是不可数名词(只用单数)。如：with difficulty 困难地without difficulty 容易地而在某些词组中又是可数名词(且通常要用复数形式)。如：make difficulties 刁难under difficulties 在困难条件下(4) 在某些词组中可用作可数名词或不可数名词，有时意义相同：make no difficulty＝make no difficulties 无异议，不反对有时意义不同：be in difficulty 有困难be in difficulties 手头拮据2. 关于句式have difficulty in doing sth：(1) difficulty 通常是不可数名词；(2) difficulty 前可用some, any, no, great, much, little等修饰; (3) 动词have 可用find, there be 等换之；(4) in doing sth 中的in 可以省略，但不能改为to do sth。There was no [little] difficulty in persuading her. 没费什么劲就说服她。I had [found] great difficulty (in) doing the work. 做这工作我觉得很吃力。若其后接名词或代词，也可用介词with。Do you have any difficulty with [in] English? 你对(学习)英语有困难吗?

In addition, the Chinese and western to after marriage family relationships are also a big difference. Chinese style in the marriage relationship between husband and wife. The traditional Chinese marriage, the husband often in marriage is in the leading position, and his wife is subordinate status. This kind of marriage structure is because the traditional culture by the division, namely "male Lord an indoor life outside of division of culture. The husband is the head of the family, is the mainstay of our family, and responsible for family life the main economic responsibility; And his wife"s mission is to manage a household, serve her marriage, motherhood. Westerners think that marriage should be a kind of men and women and the relations of equality, in their own words: "Husband and wire shouhlbe equal partners." in the west, the wife and Husband all can objest, to take the family economic responsibility. For the complexity of the household chores, a husband and wife to take if to westerners"s home, it"s not hard to find, the man kitchen is often the thing, they trade may be even better than his wife. For child care请采纳。

因为AAC是一个大家族，他们共分为9种规格，以适应不同场合的需要，也正是由于AAC的规格（Profile）繁多，导致普通电脑用户感觉十分困扰：MPEG-2 AAC LC低复杂度规格（Low Complexity）MPEG-2 AAC Main主规格MPEG-2 AAC SSR可变采样率规格（Scaleable Sample Rate）MPEG-4 AAC LC低复杂度规格（Low Complexity），现在的手机比较常见的MP4文件中的音频部份就包括了该规格音频文件MPEG-4 AAC Main主规格MPEG-4 AAC SSR可变采样率规格（Scaleable Sample Rate）MPEG-4 AAC LTP长时期预测规格（Long Term Predicition）MPEG-4 AAC LD低延迟规格（Low Delay）MPEG-4 AAC HE高效率规格（High Efficiency）上述的规格中，主规格（Main）包含了除增益控制之外的全部功能，其音质最好，而低复杂度规格（LC）则是比较简单，没有了增益控制，但提高了编码效率，至“SSR”对“LC”规格大体是相同，但是多了增益的控制功能，另外，MPEG-4 AAC/LTP/LD/HE，都是用在低比特率下编码，特别是“HE”是有Nero AAC编码器支持，是近来常用的一种编码器，不过通常来说，Main规格和LC规格的音质相差不大，因此目前使用最多的AAC规格多数是“LC”规格，因为要考虑手机目前的存储器能力未达合理水平。 MPEG-4 AAC LC（Low Complexity）是最常用的规格，我们叫“低复杂度规格”，我们简称“LC-AAC”，这种规格在中等码率的编码效率以及音质方面，都能找到平衡点。所谓中等码率，就是指：96kbps-192kbps之间的码率。因此，如果要使用LC-AAC规格，请尽可能把码率控制在之前说的那个区间内。在这个区间内，LC-AAC可以完全打败同码率的用LAME最高质量慢速编码模式的MP3。

金波玉液、闻香下马、桂酒椒浆、玉液琼浆、羊羔美酒等。1、 金波玉液【解释】：比喻美酒。【出自】：明·罗贯中《三国演义》第八十八回：“今闻老母被囚，虽金波玉液不能下咽矣。”【译文】：现在听说老母亲被囚禁，虽然金波玉液不能咽下去了。2、闻香下马【拼音】： wén xiāng xià mǎ 【解释】闻到酒的香味，尽管正骑马赶路。3、桂酒椒浆【解释】：泛指美酒。【出自】：《楚辞·九歌·东皇太一》：“蕙肴蒸兮兰藉，奠桂酒兮椒浆。”王逸注：“桂酒，切桂置酒中也；椒浆，以椒置浆中也。言己供待弥敬，乃以惠草蒸肴，芳兰为藉，进桂酒椒浆，以备五味也。”【译文】：蕙草包祭肉兰叶做衬垫，献上桂椒酿制的美酒浆。”王逸注：“桂酒，切挂放在酒中的；椒浆，用花椒放浆中的。说自己供应更加尊敬，就以惠草蒸菜，芳兰为垫，进桂酒椒浆，以备五味。4、玉液琼浆【解释】：琼：美玉。用美玉制成的浆液，古代传说饮了它可以成仙。比喻美酒或甘美的浆汁。【出自】：汉·王逸《九思·疾世》：“吮玉液兮止渴，啮芝华兮疗饥。”【译文】：吮吸玉液以止渴，咬吃芝华来充饥。5、羊羔美酒【解释】：羊羔：酒名，因酿制材料中有羊肉，故名。味儿醇厚的好酒。【出自】：宋·无名氏《湘湖近事》：“陶谷学士，尝买得党太尉家故妓……，妓曰：‘彼粗人也，安有此景，但能销金暖帐下，浅斟低唱，饮羊羔美酒耳。"谷愧其言。”【译文】：陶谷学士，曾经买得党太尉家的老妓女……，妓女说：‘他粗鲁人啊，哪里有这样的景色，只要能销金暖帐下，浅斟低唱，饮羊羔羊美酒而已。"谷他的话感到羞愧。

de_tuscan解压以后至少还有其他的文件，你要把它们放在对应的文件夹里面，F:单机游戏CS1.6cstrikegfxF:单机游戏CS1.6cstrikeoverviewsF:单机游戏CS1.6cstrikemaps然后启动CS1.6进去建立de_tuscan

可以查看这个参数和监控里面都是可以看到的，而且那个成功的次数和命令都不一样

itisdependonyour(stat)ofmindtosolvethisproblem.

　　win10激活后在桌面右下角就不会显示需要激活提示的水印。系统的设置可以使用，可以修改系统主题与壁纸以及锁屏界面设置，电脑会变得更流畅。 　　Windows10是由美国微软公司开发的应用于计算机和平板电脑的操作系统，于2015年7月29日发布正式版。Windows10操作系统在易用性和安全性方面有了极大的提升，除了针对云服务、智能移动设备、自然人机交互等新技术进行融合外，还对固态硬盘、生物识别、高分辨率屏幕等硬件进行了优化完善与支持。 　　截至2020年5月29日，Windows10正式版已更新至十一月更新10.0.19041.264版本，预览版已更新至2020更新10.0.19635.1版本。2014年10月1日，微软在旧金山召开新品发布会，对外展示了新一代Windows操作系统，将它命名为“Windows10”，新系统的名称跳过了这个数字“9”。

wps中合并与拆分单元格，快捷键均为ctrl+m ，如果是想按照一定内容拆分，参考下面图片里面的内容如果您认可我的回答，请点击【采纳回答】及【满意】按钮！若您还有任何问题，请随时追问，一定会竭尽全力协助您！谢谢

首先，我们要讨论的，是多个关于“尺度”的术语。这些术语容易混淆，包括：Business Objectives （商业目的）Goals（目标）Metrics（度量）Key Performance Indicators（关键绩效指标）Targets（指标）Dimensions（维度）Segments（细分）其实，翻译上面的这些说法让我挺郁闷的。Objective、Goal、Target在汉语里面都只有一个翻译——“目标”，顶多可以多说一个“目的”，可是英语里面却是完完全全有差别的意思！这些细微的差别，已经超过了我的汉语的解释能力了，我只能说说我的感觉：Objective是大的目的，是宏观的；Goal是大目的下的小目标；这两个事物都会具体到某些事情上。Target则是另一个维度的衡量，是为每个具体目标设定的可以丈量的值。举个不恰当的例子。男生找老婆，是一个很重大的目的（Objective）。为了找到老婆，决定每星期跟女生看电影、吃饭、逛街……这是具体的目标（Goal）。这个案例下的Target是每星期至少看1场电影，吃3次饭，逛2次街……相信你能理解了。我们看看Avinash是怎么解说的。Business Objectives：商业目的是回答如下问题：“为什么你的网站存在于这个世界上？”或者，是回答：“在生意上，你的网站想要实现些什么？”或者，是回答：“你的网站优先级最为重大的三个事情是什么？”以及其他类似的回答。这些问题如此重要，因为如果你不知道你想到哪儿，那么你就不知道该选什么路！Business Objective需要符合DUMB原则，也就是Doable（可行的）、Understandable（可被你以及其他人达成共识的）、Manageable（可被管理的）、Beneficial（有利可图的）。很多时候，客户手中的数据充裕，但有用的信息的极度匮乏，这根本就是因为商业目的不符合DUMB原则造成的，因而导致了大量的网站分析项目失败。从我（Sidney）自己的理解看，Business Objective在一个时期内，不应该是多元的，而应该是专注的。网站最常见的Business Objective的目标是增加的网站的盈利能力；或者增加网站对受众的影响力（指那些不直接赚钱的网站）；或者更好的服务于受众（例如政府网站）。这些其实都是大目标，是相对抽象的愿望，但是却又是实实在在的网站存在的价值所在。不建议商业目的多元的原因在于，我们不容易把握多个目标之间的关系，容易顾此失彼，结果两头不就。能操作多个商业目的的天才肯定也有，但试错之后才知你我是不是其中一个，有时候代价太大。Goals：Avinash的解释是：采取的某些针对性的策略以撬动商业目的的实现（Goals are specific strategies you‘ll leverage to accomplish your business objectives），这个解释其实还是有些模糊。我觉得，所谓Goal就是为了实现商业目的而需要实现的一些具体的里程碑的事件。在Omniture中，这些事件被称为Success Event。Avinash这里用的撬动（leverage）这个词很好，这些事件也许不是直接的目的所在，但是实现这些事情能够撬动商业目的的实现，是推手，是支点，也是杠杆。Goal可能仍然是比较高屋建瓴的，但是已经比较具体。例如，以增加网站盈利能力的Business Objective而言，Goal可以是增加更多的销售量（Success Event1）+节约营销成本（Success Event2）。这两个Goal同时作用是能够撬动盈利能力的增加的。另一个例子，以更好地服务于受众来看，Goal可以是提升网站访问者使用数字化服务工具的数量（Success Event1）+降低用户的意见或投诉（Success Event2）。同样，这两个Goal是实现优质服务的支点。

除了从事建筑行业的人，一般情况下，我们很少和外墙瓷砖打交道。对于建材一窍不通的我们，在面临装修房子的时候，就很尴尬了。接下来就跟着小编的脚步，一起来看一看目前市面上比较受宠的外墙瓷砖品牌，看看哪些品牌的外墙瓷砖性价比比较高。外墙瓷砖十大品牌有哪些美陶瓷砖的款式新颖、花色丰富、规格齐全，在国内外都受到欢迎，得到了社会各界和广大消费者的认可和支持，先后获得了广东省著名商标、广东省用户满意产品、广东省用户满意企业、AAAA级标准化良好行为证书、全国用户满意产品等众多殊荣。伊派瓷砖/磁砖作为集团公司全新推出的仿古砖品牌，现在上海有各类进口专业生产线四条，设备配套完善，工艺先进，技术力量雄厚，具备强大的研发生产能力。产品以完全欧式风格仿古砖为主，各式花片，腰线一应俱全。伊派瓷砖/磁砖拥有优秀的运营团队，公司的管理团队来自华东地区数家知名企业，深谙市场需求及品质管理之道，多年成功的合作运营经验，在金兴工业集团与TUSCAN公司的鼎力支持下，伊派具备了更加成熟、完善，专业的设计、研发，生产及整体营销力。外墙瓷砖最新报价是多少东鹏彩云飞系列外墙瓷砖MPH82232规格：800*800mm价格：264元/片东鹏彩云飞系列外墙瓷砖MPH82235规格：800*800mm价格：289元/片外墙瓷砖作为门面的标志，选择上就显得尤为重要了。随着时代的进步，外墙瓷砖也进行了一轮又一轮新的变革，因此也涌现了一批又一批新的外墙瓷砖品牌。在这个时候，消费者一定要认准相关品牌，只有选择了比较好的品牌，才不会让自己后悔。