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物业管理 (Property Management) 和设施管理 (Facilities Management) 的分别

2023-07-18 06:00:59
共1条回复
okok云

Both FM and PM concern the as-is status of all fixed assets, but FM does not limit to it, FM concerns the life cycle of all fixed assets but PM only concentrates on the management of the pleted buildings. FM aims to ensure all assets in good condition during its life cycle cost. Meanwhile, the initial cost, operation, maintenance and disposal cost are also issues that Facilities Manager shall notice. Since the perspective is so different beeen FM and PM, the actual building performance of property under Property Management and Facilities Management is largely different.

In Management Content, PM ensures the facilities in good condition by utilize minimum cost. And Facility Management maximize the efficiency while minimizing the cost by energy saving, environmental protection and facilities flexibility.

Although FM approach enpasses more functions than the PM approach and across a longer time span of the life of buildings, it is hard to implement FM approach if the properties are too *** all and not wholly owned corporate real estate. It is because the main theories of FM, such as strategic facilities management and space planning etc, cannot be implemented in these buildings.

In Hong Kong, PM approach has been practiced for a long time in managing both multi-owned properties and wholly owned properties. In theory, FM approach has many other functions that can benefit property owners especially for the corporate real estate owners. Does FM approach really more suitable than PM approach for corporate property owners in managing their properties? The following table summarized the perspectives beeen the PM approach and FM approach in managing built facilities.

Comparison beeen PM and FM in managing built facilities

Items

Property Management

Facilities Management

Management

Objective

Upkeep the value of assets

Raise the value of assets by effective utilization of assets

Characteristic

Management of on-site issues

Strategic planning

(i.e. Facilities Strategic Planning)

Main Aim

Maintenance & repair issues

Raise the productivity & customer satisfaction by best use of facilities

Focus

Defective & problematic facilities

All fixed assets

Management Style

Static (Good condition is the target)

Dynamic (frequency of use)

Time

Maintain facilities in as-is status

Maintain facilities as expected life cycle

Management Content

Ensure the facilities in good condition by utilize minimum cost

Maximize the efficiency while minimizing the cost by energy saving, environmental protection, and facilities flexibility.

Responsive Unit

Various departments with different functions

Multi-disciplinary facilities manager

Role of Manager

Housekeeper

Decision-maker

,参考: My career knowledge,Facilities Management = Property Management + Building Services Management (ie. those engineering technical stuff)

So Facilities Management has a bigger job scope, which me more troubles for the staff, but higher overall efficiency from management point of view.,

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2023-07-18 04:06:571

恋爱的英语名言

1、和你在一起的每一秒都是快乐的,即便伤心也是心甘情愿的。 Every second with you is happy, even sad is willing. 2、错过的就是错过了,珍惜已经无法挽回什么了。 What we miss is what we miss. Treasure is irreparable. 3、倒计时的那几天,是我与你在一起最后的日子。 The countdown days are my last days with you. 4、我用多少时光,换来了与你的擦肩而过。 How much time I spent, in exchange for passing you by. 5、就这样安静的生活着,就算再艰难都请不要忘记曾经。 So quiet life, even if it is difficult, please do not fet the past. 6、不奢求你能留下来陪我,只希望你不要轻易把我忘记。 I don"t expect you to stay with me, just hope you don"t fet me easily. 7、毕竟你是我爱过的人,我又怎么忍心辜负你的离开呢? After all, you are the one I loved. How can I bear to let you go? 8、因为有你在,最黑暗那一刻还是会有缝隙投进微弱的光。 Because you are there, there will still be gaps in the darkest moment to throw a weak light. 9、人在困难的时候只有自己能够救自己,关键在于你有多坚强。 When people are in trouble, only they can save themselves. The key is how strong you are. 10、之所以会念念不忘,是因为自知此生再也拥有不到了。 The reason why I can"t fet it is because I know I can"t have it anymore in my life. 11、若我拿出我所有的无畏,带你走你是否愿意。 If I take out all my fearlessness, will you take you away? 12、心情再怎么糟糕,只要有你陪我,我也会变得很开心。 How bad the mood is, as long as you acpany me, I will bee very happy. 13、十指紧紧的相扣,也总有一天会分开。 Ten fingers are tightly connected, and one day they will be separated. 14、想念着从前,怀念着那一段在一起的时光。 I miss the past and the time I spent together. 15、我给不了你多少温暖,但有个词叫尽我能。 I can"t give you much warmth, but there"s a word I can say. 16、我的青春被我的无所谓伤害,从此一去不复返。 My youth has been harmed by my indifference, and will never return. 17、当我怀念着和你在一起的时光,心却是那般的痛。 When I miss the time with you, my heart is so painful. 18、你的生活从此会更加美好,我却一直躲在孤单中。 Your life will be better from now on, but I have been hiding in loneliness. 19、生活有时候就是一潭死水, *** 就是你手中的石子。 Sometimes life is a pool of stagnant water, passion is the stone in your hand. 20、在我的心中只有你一个人,无论你信还是不信。 You are the only one in my heart, whether you believe it or not. 21、脸上的笑容,总是隐藏着心里的痛。 The *** ile on the face always hides the pain in the heart. 22、有一种默契就叫做我不联系你,你也不联系我。 There is a tacit understanding that I do not contact you, you do not contact me. 23、生活其实就是一场戏,我们就该演绎好自己的角色。 Life is actually a play, so we should play our role well. 24、就像是我们之间隔着沧海桑田一样,我永远也跨不过去。 Like the vicissitudes of life beeen us, I can never cross it. 25、多年以后,从此我们后会无期。 Years from now on, we will have no future. 26、我透过时间看透了所有,你终究不属于我。 I see everything through time. You don"t belong to me after all. 27、说什么都没有意义了,因为你已经不再属于我了。 It doesn"t make sense to say anything because you no longer belong to me. 28、时间在不停的流逝,我却始终停留在原地。 Time goes on and on, but I always stay where I am. 29、定了的事情,就不会轻易的去改变。 Set things, will not easily change. 30、放弃了所有,我相信时间可以证明我是对的。 Give up everything, I believe time can prove that I am right. 31、还有谁期待着未来,那不曾出现过的光芒。 Who else is looking forward to the future, the light that never appeared. 32、即使只是你最随便的问候,都会让我觉得你太暖心。 Even your most casual greetings will make me feel that you are too warm. 33、因为有你陪,再孤单的绝望里还是会藏着柳暗花明的盼望。 Because of your pany, the lonely despair will still hide the hope of the willow. 34、我不会去后悔什么,因为你是我的选择。 I will not regret anything, because you are my choice. 35、曾经幸福的爱情,始终经不起彼此的伤害和背叛。 Once happy love, always can not stand each other"s injury and betrayal. 36、思念着受伤的伤口,我轻轻一碰它就会痛。 I miss the wound, it hurts when I touch it lightly. 37、无非就是把自己的心封锁起来,从此不让它跳动。 It"s all about blocking your heart and never letting it beat. 38、我用真心换你心,你却始终不明白我对你的付出。 I change your heart with my heart, but you still don"t understand what I"ve done to you. 39、我们都很擅长口是心非,又都很希望对方能有所察觉。 We are all good at talking and thinking, and we all hope that the other party will be aware of it. 40、我路过你身边的时候,你却一直留在我心里。 When I pass by you, you stay in my heart. 41、即使艰苦,也只有靠自己,也只有靠自己拼搏才能成功。 Even if it is hard, it can only be achieved by self-reliance and self-struggle. 42、怪我没有能力把你留在身边,就这样看着你远去。 Blame me me for my inability to keep you by my side and watch you go away. 43、只要有你在的地方,我都喜欢非常喜欢。 Wherever you are, I like it very much. 44、总有那么一个人,是你的念想,是你的温暖,是你的太阳。 There will always be one person, your thoughts, your warmth, your sun. 45、我只是不想要你不幸福,所以能不能选择和我在一起。 I just don"t want you to be unhappy, so can I choose to be with you? 46、请不要再说你有多爱我,时间告诉我你已经背叛我了。 Please don"t say how much you love me. Time tells me you have betrayed me. 47、开始很美,过程很累,结局很悲,清醒很难。 The beginning is beautiful, the process is tired, the end is sad, it is difficult to wake up. 48、记忆里留下的空白,让我们用一生去遗憾。 Memory left blank, let us use our life to regret. 49、即便你走到天涯海角,但你却永远走不出我的内心。 Even if you go to the ends of the earth, you will never get out of my heart. 50、看着你的幸福,我是该咒怨,还是该祝福。 Looking at your happiness, should I curse or bless you? 51、藏在心中的那道伤疤,永远也愈合不聊了。 The scar hidden in my heart will never heal. 52、微笑着掩饰着伤口,心却依然还是那么的痛。 Smile to hide the wound, but the heart is still so painful. 53、会不会有一天,你忽然出现在我身后,蒙住我眼说我回来了。 Will one day you suddenly appear behind me and blindfold me and say I"m back? 54、失落的感觉是那样的强烈,最后的最后我已一无所有。 The feeling of loss is so strong that in the end I have nothing. 55、你明白我的感受吗?我的心像玻璃一样透明,可你还不懂。 Do you understand how I feel? My heart is as transparent as glass, but you don"t understand. 56、所有的一切都是会被时间治愈好的,就像我们的爱情。 Everything will be cured by time, just like our love. 57、爱上了一个错过的人,今生就无缘再相爱。 If you fall in love with someone you miss, you will never fall in love again in your life. 58、简单的我想和你在一起,困难的我们已经错过今生。 Simple I want to be with you, difficult we have missed this life. 59、在这苍老的年华里,我们的爱情渐渐化为了泡沫。 In this old age, our love gradually bees foam. 60、无论她有多大错,她开始哭的一刹那就是我错了。 No matter how wrong she was, the moment she started crying was when I was wrong. 61、我想要说我爱你,最后却只剩下我自己。 I want to say I love you, but in the end I"m the only one left. 62、我笑着解开回忆的毒,笑的眼睛已模糊。 I laugh to unlock the poison of memories, laughing eyes have blurred.
2023-07-18 04:06:581

labview有没有gamma函数

没有。在labview中,没有直接提供gamma函数的内置函数,但可以使用labview的数学库中的gamma函数来实现。gamma函数是一种数学函数,通常用符号Γ表示。
2023-07-18 04:06:581

简介Gamma矫正,背景+原理

背景 : 在显像设备中,显像管中的电子束及图像亮度(因变量)与输入电压(自变量)并不是呈线性关系,而是呈指数关系,且指数大于1。这就导致,亮区的信息比预想的更亮,暗区的信息比预想的更暗。因此,我们对输入电压进行伽马矫正,经过一个新的指数函数,以 设备伽马系数的倒数 为指数。这样,最终呈现在图像上的亮度就是我们预想的值了。 原理 : 电视系统的gamma值为2.2,校正系数则未1/2.2≈0.45。 gamma矫正分为归一化-矫正-反归一化三步: 优化 : 既然每个输入的像素值都在0~255区间内,那可以预先计算每个值gamma矫正的结果,建立一个dict。对图像进行gamma矫正时,只需通过查表,得到输出值,避免重复计算。 参考链接 : https://blog.csdn.net/wukery/article/details/77567933
2023-07-18 04:07:051

win10黑屏无反应

方法一:1、按下Ctrl+Alt+Delete键,选择任务管理器,找到并选择Windows资源管理器,然后点击右下角的结束任务2、接着就要新建explorer.exe进程(Windows资源管理器)点击左上角的运行新任务3、打开窗口中输入explorer.exe,点击确定,黑屏问题解决方法二:1、按下开机键,出现win10徽标界面时长按电源键关机,重复三次2、等待系统修复系统后进入高级启动选项,选择疑难解答3、这时候我们看到这一界面有两种功能,重置此电脑相当于恢复出厂设置,修复不了问题时再使用,我们点击高级选项4、选择启动设置5、重启电脑6、按下F4进入安全模式7、进入安全模式查杀病毒,查看系统盘有没有剩余空间,删除不需要的文件,这种情况也会造成开机黑屏没显示,鼠标能动的现象8、然后卸载最近安装的软件,驱动,排查软件冲突问题。这些操作之后重启电脑就可以进入win10系统了方法三:如果不确定之前装过什么的话,那就进行干净启动,在进行以下操作步骤:1、 按“Win+R”打开“运行”窗口, 输入msconfig命令后按回车,弹出系统配置对话框。2、切换到“常规”标签页,单击“有选择的启动”,然后单击清除“加载启动项”上面的勾。3、切换到“服务”标签页,单击“隐藏所有Microsoft”服务,然后单击全部禁用。4、切换到“启动”标签页,点击“打开任务管理器”,点击启动项,然后单击禁用。5、单击确定保存后,重新启动系统。
2023-07-18 04:06:553

现在完成时的被动语态与英语怎么说

现在完成时的被动语态与The passive voice and the现在完成时的被动语态与The passive voice and the
2023-07-18 04:06:531

阿兹夫定片是什么药?

阿兹夫定片被国家有关部门纳入新冠诊疗方案,此次阿兹夫定片投入生产涉及多家上市公司共同参与。阿兹夫定片在治疗普通新冠病毒肺炎感染者上是很有效果,而且在临床试验中,这款药片的安全性和耐受性都非常好,也大大缩小了患者治疗时间。阿兹夫定片是由我国自主研发的新冠病毒肺炎治疗药物,其是一种口服小分子药物,主要成分是核苷类似物。值得注意的是阿兹夫定片的适用人群是成年新冠病毒肺炎患者,未成年人尚不可以使用。患者需要在空腹情况下吞服,每日一次一次5毫克,在14天内会有效缓解症状。阿兹夫定片的药理主要作用于新冠病毒进行RNA复制时,其可以从中掺入有效阻碍病毒的RNA合成,从而制止新冠病毒在患者体内蔓延。随着阿兹夫定片纳入新冠治疗方案,据相关信息透露,8月2日阿兹夫定片已经进入生产阶段,阿兹夫定片生产由河南真实生物科技有限公司负责。此次阿兹夫定片大量投入生产对国内制药行业来说是一个机遇,随着新冠疫情持续多年,各种抗击新冠疫情的药物在市面上层出不穷,其市场规模越来越大。阿兹夫定片的售价并不高,对新冠病毒肺炎感染者可以起到有效治疗,临床效果显著,而且能大大缩短治愈时间。虽然这款药品在性能和价格上都很优越,但是也不能盲目使用,应严格按照医师指导进行用药。值得注意的是,未成年人、妊娠期或者哺乳期妇女以及肾功能和肝功能有问题的患者不可以使用这类药片。许多新冠疫情制约者都会留下或轻或重的后遗症,新冠病毒对人类的影响越来越持续,能够制得有效的药片至关重要
2023-07-18 04:06:511

苹果显示器的gamma值是多少

1.8。苹果手机质量很好,有了一个免费的“输出匹配管理”,苹果显示器的gamma值是1.8。这个打印机也是,这对于出版来说极其重要。
2023-07-18 04:06:511