辅音字母怎么读？

辅音字母包括y在内共有21个，它们是b、c、d、g、h、j、k、l、m、n、p、q、r、s、t、v、w、y、z。他们中的多数读与其对应的同形的音标的读音。如：b读/b/，d读/d/，f读/f/，g(在词首时)读/g/(美式)//，h读/h/，k读/k/，l读/l/，m读/m/，n读/n/，p读/p/，r读/r/，s读/s/或/z/，t读/z/，v读/v/，w读/w/，z读/z/。

在此个别音标不能显示：

英语发音规则

一,元音字母在重读音节中的读音

元音字母

读 音

例 词

a

在开音节中

[ei]

name plane Jane baby cake

在闭音节中

[ ]

bag dad hat map black back

e

在开音节中

[i:]

he these me Chinese

在闭音节中

[e]

bed let pen desk yes egg

i

在开音节中

[ai]

bike fly drive time nice kite

在闭音节中

[i]

fish big drink sit milk swim

o

在开音节中

[Eu]

those close go hoe home no

在闭音节中

[C]

clock not box shop sock

u

在开音节中

[ju:]

student excuse duty Tuesday

在闭音节中

[Q]

bus cup jump much lunch

在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super

二,元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

元音字母

读 音

例 词

a

[E]

China another woman breakfast

[i]

orange comrade village cabbage

e

[E]

hundred student open weekend

[i]

chicken pocket begin children

i

[E]/[i]

holiday beautiful family animal

[ai]

exercise satellite

o

[E]

second tonight somebody welcome

[Eu]

also zero photo

u

[E]

autumn diffcult

[ju:]

popular congratulation January

动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate

u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue

三,元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

元音字母

读 音

例 词

a在[w]音后面

[C]

want what watch wash quality

a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前

[a:]

after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father

i在-nd -ld和gh前

[ai]

find child light high

o在-st -ld前

[Eu]

most postcard old cold

o在m n v th前

[Q]

come monkey love mother

四,-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

读 音

例 词

ar

ar在[w]音后面

[a:]

car farm dark sharpener

[C:]

warm quarter towards

or

or在[w]音后面

[C:]

forty morning short

[E:]

word worker worse

er ir ur

[E:]

certainly bird Thursday

辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音.例如: carry sorry hurry

-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday

五,-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

读 音

例 词

are

[a:E]

care dare hare

ere

[iE]

here mere

ire

[aiE]

fire hire wire

ore

[C:]

more score before

ure

[ju:E]

pure cure

are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[E]音,例如:picture pleasure

重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音.

例如:parent zero story during inspiring

某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象.

例如:orange very American paragraph

六,元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

读 音

例 词

ai/ay

[ei]

afraid rain wait day play

air

[aiE]

air hair chair pair repair

al在f m前

[C]

small ball talk wall all

[C:l]

always also salt almost bald

[a:]

half calm

au/aw

[C:]

autumn daughter draw

ea

[i:]

teach easy cheap please

[e]

heavy bread sweater weather

[ei]

break great

ear

[iE]

hear dear near clear year

[εE]

bear pear wear

[E:]

earth learn early

ee

[i:]

jeep week green three

eer

[iE]

pioneer deer beer

ei/ey

[ei]

eight neighbour they

[i:]

either key

eu/ew在

j l r s后

[ju:]

new few newspaper

[u:]

flew brew

ie/ei[s]音之后

[i:]

piece field receive

oa

[Eu]

coat Joan boat goal

oar/oor

[C:]

roar board door floor

oi/oy

[Ci]

noise point boy toilet

oo

[u:]

broom food tooth school

[u]

book look cook foot good

ou/ow

[au]

flower house count down

[Eu]

know row throw though

[Q]

young country enough

[u:]

group you soup

our

[C:]

course your four

[auE]

our hour ours

[C:]

journey

ui

在j l r s后

[ju:i]

fluid suicide tuition

[u:]

juice fruit suit

七,非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

元音字组或字群

读 音

例 词

ai/ay ei/ey

[i]

Sunday foreign monkey

ow

[Eu]

yellow sparrow tomorrow

元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或[i].

例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee

-sion -tion

[Fn]

impression nation

-sion在元音字母后

[Vn]

vision decision occasion

-tion在s后

[tFE n]

question suggestion

-sten

[sn]

listen

-stle

[sl]

whistle

-sure

[VE]

pleasure measure

-ture

[tFE]

picture culture

八,元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音

复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读.

例如:

everyday[ei]

handbag[ ]

blackboard[C:]

有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词.其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音.

例如:

sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天

holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日

break中断 + fast[a:]斋戒 > breakfast[E] 早餐

cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] > cupboard[E] 碗柜

九,辅字组的读音

辅字组

读 音

例 词

b

[b]

bike bus bag

[/]

bomb tomb

c

c在e前或在i/y前

[k]

cake picture coat music

[s]

face decide cinema

ch

[tF]

much chick rich teacher

[k]

school headache chemistry

[F]

machine

-ck

[k]

cock pocket black knock

d

[d]

doctor bread hand day

-dge

[dV]

bridge fridge

dr-

[dr]

children driver drink

f

[f]

five four breakfast

g

g在e i/y前

[^]

bag gardon go

[dV]

orange large German

gh

[f]

cough enough

[/]

light daughter high

gu- -gue

gu在非重读音节中

[^]

guess league dialogue

[^w]

language anguish

h

[h]

hot head house hand

[/]

hour honest

j

[dV]

jeep jar joke join July

k

[k]

kind bike skate make week

kn-

[n]

knife know knock

l

[l]

life milk school tall

m

[m]

monkey come autumn

-mn

[m]

autumn column

n

n在[k] [g]音前

[n]

not shine ten note

[N]

uncle thank hungry

-ng

[N]

morning young wrong

p

[p]

paper plane pig ship pen

ph

[f]

elephant photo telephone

q

[k]

Iraq

qu-

[kw]

quality quite

r

[r]

red rubber ruler

s在词首或清辅音前

元音字母间或浊辅音前

[s]

sit sleep desk

[z]

music husband

sc-

[sk]

scarlet

[s]

muscle science

sh

[F]

she fish shirt wash

t在通常情况下

在弱读字母ia ie io前

[t]

ten letter meet

[F]

patient nation

tch

[tF]

watch

th在通常情况下

在冠词 代词 介词 连词中

在词尾-the -ther中

[θ]

thin thirty method

[T]

the these with than

[T]

clothe father weather

tr-

[tr]

tree train country truck

v

[v]

very voice love leave

w

[w]

week win wake sweet wait

[/]

answer two

wh-

wh-在字母o前

[w]

what when white why

[h]

who whose whole

x

在重读元音前

[ks]

box text exercise

[gz]

examle exist exact

wr-

[r]

write

y-

[j]

yes yard yellow young

z

[z]

puzzle zero zoo

重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节.用音标标记双音节,多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号.单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号.

开音节 ①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节.例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.

②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节.例如:name these bike home ex-cuse.

闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节.例如:bag egg fish not cup

多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读.

例如: el-e-phant con-grat-u- la-tion

词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读.例如:scien tific im pression nation