How to write a summary?Thank you

summarize 英[u02c8su028cmu0259rau026az] 美[u02c8su028cmu0259u02ccrau026az] vt. 总结，概述; [网络] 总结; 概括,总结; 概述; [例句]To summarize the characteristics of fine needle aspiration cytology ( FNAC) in lymphoglandulae granuloma and reactive hyperplasia lesions.总结淋巴结肉芽肿病变及反应性增生在针吸细胞学中的特点。[其他] 第三人称单数：summarizes 现在分词：summarizing过去式：summarized 过去分词：summarized形近词： summarist summarily summaries

1、概括的英文：summarize; summarization; generalize; epitomize； 2、summarize （=summarise）动词 意思：总结、概述； 3、summary 名词 意思：总结、概要； 4、sum up 动词短语 意思：总结、概要； 5、generalize 动词 意思：概括。

语法标注解释 summary英音：["sʌməri]美音：["sʌmərɪ] 以下结果由译典通提供词典解释形容词 a. 1.概括的,扼要的He gave a summary report of the day"s events. 他对一天的事件作了简要的报告。 2.实时的;草率的;即决的,简易的The government took summary action to aid the earthquake victims. 政府即刻采取行动救济地震灾民。 名词 n. 1.总结,摘要,一览[C][(+of)]He made a summary of the case. 他为这个案件做了一个摘要。 语法标注解释 summarize英音：["sʌməraiz]美音：["sʌmə,raɪz] 以下结果由译典通提供词典解释及物动词 vt. 1.总结,概述,概括She summarized the aims of the new party in a couple of sentences. 她用几句话概括了新党的目标。 不及物动词 vi. 1.作总结,作概括

summarize英 [u02c8su028cmu0259rau026az] 美 [u02c8su028cmu0259u02ccrau026az]vt.总结，概述总结；概括；概述；简述过去式： summarized 过去分词： summarized 现在分词： summarizing 第三人称单数： summarizes派生词：summarization summarizer 双语例句1. I will summarize what I have done. 我将概述我所做的事情。2. Theories in cognitive psychology are attempts to summarize large sets of data. 认知心理学的各种理论都是试图概括大套的资料.3. Let us summarize the governing equations for a fluid, previously deduced. 现在让我们将上面推导出来的流体运动基本方程组归并在一起.4. It will be useful to summarize the relevant Gaussian formulae. 有必要概括地讲一下有关的高斯公式.5. We may summarize the situation then as follows. 于是我们可将上述情况归结如下.

summarize。通常来说在英语语法中，这是一种加后缀改变词性甚至是词义的形式，summarize意思是总结词性变为动词，词根是sum，意思为总量，类似于some，而另一种后缀summary意思是摘要或总结。那么显然，summary加ize的形式就是改变后缀变换词性，由名词转换为动词，值得一提的是，后缀-ize表示 ……化。summarize的意思是摘要，概述，联想记忆：summary（摘要）＋ize（使…化）。读音：英[u02c8su028cmu0259rau026az]，美[u02c8su028cmu0259rau026az]。释义：v. 总结；概述。变形：过去式summarized，过去分词summarized，现在分词summarizing，第三人称单数summarizes。词汇搭配：summarize a story概述故事。summarize completely完全总结。summarize for为…概括。近义词recapitulate读音：英[u02ccriu02d0ku0259u02c8pu026atu0283uleu026at]，美[u02ccriu02d0ku0259u02c8pu026atu0283uleu026at]。释义：v. 概括；重述要点；摘要。例句：It will be helpful to recapitulate them.在这里将其简要重述一下也是有帮助的。变形：过去式recapitulated，过去分词recapitulated，现在分词recapitulating，第三人称单数recapitulates。

总结用英语怎么说 (分析研究经验做出结论) sum up；summarize 总结工作 summarize one"s work (概括出来的结论) summary；summing up作总结 make a summary 对的，光是标题就用summary 在说明文中的“总结”用英语怎么说。 summary名词 summarize动词 总结的英语怎么说总结，就翻译总结 总结 总结 [zǒng jié] 动 summarize; （分析研究经验做出结论） sum up 名 （概括出来的结论） summary; summing up; sum-up; summing-up 他总结了自己的哲学，还提及了加尔文。 He summed up his philosophy, with reference to Calvin. 英语作文中可用于总结的词有哪些？ 1. in a word. 2from now on. 3as the same time, ,,

有几个音节

意思和词性。1、summarize的意思是：n.总结，概括，概要，adj.总结性的，概括的，概要的，而summarizecolummns的意思是v.总结，概括，概述。2、summarize的词性有动词和形容词词性，用于句首或者句末，而summarizecolummns只有动词词性，用来修饰名词的。

sum英[sʌm]美[sʌm]n.金额；总数vt.总结；合计vi.概括例句：Heknockedupagoodsumlastyear.他去年赚得了相当可观的一笔钱。Whenyouaddallthefigurestogether,thesumis125.你把这些数字都加起来，总数就是125。sum：matlab中sum是求数组元素和的函数。在matlab的命令窗口中输入docsum或者helpsum就可以得到该函数的帮助信息summarize英[ˈsʌməraɪz]美[ˈsʌməˌraɪz]vt.总结，概述;[例句]：Table3.1summarizestheinformationgivenabove表格3.1是对以上信息的总结。一般来说，sum用于名词比较多，动词的话没见怎么使用，所以这个区别我也不是特别清楚，那你就记住动词使用时，用summarize准没错。

out concentration and with little appreciation

A "stand-alone" summary is a summary produced to show a teacher that you have read and understood something. It is common in many 100 and 200 level classes to get assignments that ask you to read a certain number of articles and summarize them. This is also a very common type of writing assignment in graduate school.How to produce a summary: 1.Read the article to be summarized and be sure you understand it. 2.Outline the article. Note the major points. 3.Write a first draft of the summary without looking at the article. 4.Always use paraphrase when writing a summary. If you do copy a phrase from the original be sure it is a very important phrase that is necessary and cannot be paraphrased. In this case put "quotation marks" around the phrase. 5.Target your first draft for approximately 1/4 the length of the original.The features of a summary: 1.Start your summary with a clear identification of the type of work, title, author, and main point in the present tense. Example: In the feature article "Four Kinds of Reading," the author, Donald Hall, explains his opinion about different types of reading.2.Check with your outline and your original to make sure you have covered the important points.3.Never put any of your own ideas, opinions, or interpretations into the summary. This means you have to be very careful of your word choice. 4. Write using "summarizing language." Periodically remind your reader that this is a summary by using phrases such as the article claims, the author suggests, etc. 4.Write a complete bibliographic citation at the beginning of your summary. A complete bibliographic citation includes as a minimum, the title of the work, the author, the source. Use APA format.

两者词性不同，summary是名词

summarizesv.总结，概述( summarize的第三人称单数 ); 例句This aptly summarizes the hard stance taken by web development purists. 这恰如其分的总结了“web开发纯化者”们所采取的强硬立场。

retell意为重复述说，复述。summarize意为概括，总结。两者意思相差很明显，不需要专门之别。

都一样

就是把10句话变成一句话。

summarize函数可以进数据框折叠成一行 group_by为分组函数，是如果我们添加了group_by函数后，我们可以理解为电脑自动给我们的数据进行了按照我们指定的列进行了分组整合，该函数通常和summarize函数合在一起使用，也可以和filter，select函数合在一起使用 count函数可以不用先分组，可以直接加上列名字，比如下面二者相同 在计算均值等函数的时候，一最好给结果一个名字，二是所有的函数要写在 summarise（） 里面，否则会报错 count加上sort参数表示从到小排列

“让我们总结一下”在英语中可以表达为“Let"s summarize”、“Let"s sum up”或“Let"s recap”。其中，“summarize”、“sum up”、“recap”均表示“总结”的意思，而“let"s”则表示“让我们”。这个短语可以用于各种场合，例如在会议、演讲、学习、讨论等过程中，对之前的内容进行简要回顾和总结。例句：“Let"s summarize what we have learned today”（让我们总结一下今天学到的内容）、“Let"s recap the main points of the presentation”（让我们回顾一下演示的主要内容）、“Let"s sum up the discussion so far”（让我们总结一下到目前为止的讨论）。

summarize[5sQmEraiz]v.概述, 总结, 摘要而言

陈述性总结，用过去时

只有summarize（及物的）

Summarize

专四作文svmmαrⅰ2e和作文是分开写吗？对他们是分开写是两篇作文。

sum只能输出常用的几个统计指标tabstat可以输出更过的统计指标，比如中位数p50，第一分位数p25，等等其他可以在stata里面help tabstat，可以看得更多的结果

summarize。英语（英语：English）是一种西日耳曼语支，最早被中世纪的英国使用，并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。英国人的祖先盎格鲁部落是后来迁移到大不列颠岛地区的日耳曼部落之一，称为英格兰。这两个名字都来自波罗的海半岛的Anglia。该语言与弗里斯兰语和下撒克森语密切相关，其词汇受到其他日耳曼语系语言的影响，尤其是北欧语（北日耳曼语），并在很大程度上由拉丁文和法文撰写。英语已经发展了1400多年。英语的最早形式是由盎格鲁-撒克逊人移民于5世纪带到英国的一组西日耳曼语支（Ingvaeonic）方言，被统称为古英语。中古英语始于11世纪末，诺曼征服英格兰；1476年，威廉·卡克斯顿将印刷机介绍给英国，并开始在伦敦出版第一本印刷书籍，扩大了英语的影响力。自17世纪以来，现代英语在英国和美国的广泛影响下在世界各地传播。通过各类这些国家的印刷和电子媒体，英语已成为国际主导语言之一，在许多地区和专业的环境下的语言也有主导地位，例如科学、导航和法律。

in short或in a word

sum up[英][su028cm u028cp][美][su028cm u028cp]是…的总和[数]; 合计; 总结，概括; 向陪审团概述案情; 双语例句1This essay analyzed the common troubles in the signal circuit and sum up the accumulated on-spot experience as reference.对断路器信号回路的常见故障进行了分析，对现场经验进行了总结，以供大家参考。2I cannot sum up his opinion in one sentence.我出法用一句话去概括他的没有雅面。3Objective: To sum up the clinical experience in treating large area burn patients with skin regenerative medical technology.目的：总结烧伤皮肤再生技术在治疗大面积烧伤病人中的临床经验。

Power Pivot 通过 DAX 查询可以实现从不同的视角查看数据。但在 Excel 中编写 DAX 查询却不太方便，所以本篇在讲解 DAX 查询用法的时候，以 DAX Studio 作为工具。关于 DAX Studio 请自行在网上搜索，我的上一篇也有介绍。 本篇的示例数据来自 《DAX 圣经》这本书，示例数据我已经上传到 github，文章的末尾有链接，方便大家学习。 DAX 查询一般从 EVALUATE 关键字开始，可以把 DAX 查询语句理解为 EVALUATE 关键字引导的表达式构成的语句。比如我要查询 Sales 表的所有数据，DAX 查询语句为： 相当于 SQL 语句的 SELECT * FROM Sales; 第一行是注释。 DAX 查询的 ORDER BY 关键字引导的表达式对查询结果进行排序。升序为 ASC，降序为DESC 。 DAX 支持按多个字段排序： SQL 语句选择指定字段很直观： SELECT A, B FROM sometable 。DAX 查询选择指定字段用 SUMMARIZE 函数。 SUMMARIZE 函数第一个参数为 table 的名称，后面跟若干个字段，即可以选择指定的列： DAX 查询结果的界面： 数据筛选用 FILTER 函数， FILTER 函数第一个参数为 table 名称，第二个参数为筛选表达式，返回值为 table。比如我们要筛选出 Product 表中所有 Class 为 Economy 的数据： 数据透视表就是分组计算，如果我们要数据透视表的逻辑，但并不需要数据透视表的格式，使用 DAX 查询的分组计算作为输出就非常合适。分组计算用到 SUMMARIZE 函数的标准用法。 SUMMARIZE 函数语法如下： 函数的第一个参数是 table 名称；第二组参数是一系列列名称，根据列名进行分组，比如先按照客户，再按照产品名称等等；第三组参数由 name 和 expression 成对构成，比如 name 为 toal quantity, expression 为 SUM([Quantity]，就根据 Quantity 列来计算合计数。假设我们需要按客户来计算销售的数量： 多字段分组：先按照客户，再按照产品分组计算销售数量的合计： 前面的示例都是基于一个表，接下来讲解多表关联的 DAX 查询。Power Pivot 中表的关系在关系图视图中维护，关系维护好后，在 DAX 查询时， 表的关系都为左连接且不能修改为其它连接方式 。这种机制虽然降低了灵活性，但却让 DAX 基于多表的查询语法变得非常简单。 比如我们要查询基于客户名称和产品名称的销售数量明细。我们刚才讲过，返回指定字段用 SUMMARIZE 函数： 查询结果截图如下： 这个查询涉及到 3 个表的关联，相同功能的 SQL 语句要复杂得多。同理，基于多个表的分组计算，也是只需要选择某个表的字段，而不需要关注表的关系。我们来对基于客户和产品计算销售数量合计的查询进行变更： 查询的截图如下： 嵌套使用 FILTER 和 SUMMARIZE 函数能达到这种效果。先用 SUMMARIZE 函数返回一个包含指定列的表，然后用 FILTER 函数基于这个计算表进行筛选： 添加列在 Power Pivot 中非常容易，但我们也可以在 DAX 查询中使用 ADDCOLUMNS 函数来添加列。 ADDCOLUMNS 函数的语法如下： 根据函数的语法，我们知道，可以一次添加多个列。下面的示例添加了一个计算列：计算出每一行的销售金额（单价 * 数量）： 在 DAX 查询中，可以使用 VAR 定义变量，使用变量能够简化 DAX 查询语句的编写。定义变量需要在 EVALUATE 之前用 DEFINE 关键字引导，用 VAR 定义变量。比如，我们先定义一个按客户的国别和产品品牌分组计算销售数量的表，将这个表保存在变量 groupedSales 中，然后对销售按品牌进行筛选： DAX 查询也可以定义度量值。度量值用 MEASURE 关键字定义，MEASURE 返回一个标量值。比如我们要按照品牌计算出销售额，先定义一个度量值，然后再基于品牌来作为筛选上下文计算。这种方法相对难懂，仅为了介绍定义度量值的方法。注意下面 DAX 查询中度量值的表达方法。 github - sample data

你好！summary指看文章时概括段落大意analysis指理清内容关系打字不易，采纳哦！

问题一：总结用英语怎么说 (分析研究经验做出结论) sum up；summarize 总结工作 summarize one"s work (概括出来的结论) summary；summing up 作总结 make a summary 对的，光是标题就用summary 问题二：“对...进行全面总结和归纳”用英语怎么说？？ prehensively summarized and classified 问题三：“工作总结”用英文怎么说 “工作总结” Job summary “工作总结” Job summary 问题四：一份总结用英语怎么说 a copy of summarization 问题五：总结用英语怎么读 总结英语是： summary读法见音标 summary 英[?s?m?ri] 美[?s?mu0259ri] n. 摘要，概要; 总结，一览; adj. 概括的，总结的; 即刻的，立即的; [例句]What follows is a brief summary of the process 接下来是对此流程的一个简短概括。 请采纳 谢谢 问题六：英语总结 用英语怎么说 English report 问题七：在说明文中的“总结”用英语怎么说。 summary名词 summarize动词 问题八：中期总结用英语怎么说 Interim Report 或 Interim Summary 问题九：总结用英语怎么说 (分析研究经验做出结论) sum up；summarize 总结工作 summarize one"s work (概括出来的结论) summary；summing up 作总结 make a summary 对的，光是标题就用summary 问题十：“对...进行全面总结和归纳”用英语怎么说？？ prehensively summarized and classified

总结用英语怎么说 (分析研究经验做出结论) sum up；summarize 总结工作 summarize one"s work (概括出来的结论) summary；summing up作总结 make a summary 对的，光是标题就用summary “对...进行全面总结和归纳”用英语怎么说？？ prehensively summarized and classified “工作总结”用英文怎么说比较好 job summary 网络 工作摘要; 工作概要; 工作概述; 职位简述; [例句]Job Summary: Designs and assists manufacturing and participates in field support of installed automotive test systems as needed. 工作概要：负责设计、协助制造和在必要是时参与安装汽车测试系统领域的支持。 总结用英语怎么说？ 总结 summarize; （分析研究经验做出结论） sum up 名 （概括出来的结论） summary; summing up; sum-up; summing-up 英语总结 用英语怎么说 English report 总结经验的英文怎么说 总结经验：sum up experience. 例句：We should sum up experience and draw the lesson.我们应该总结经验、吸取教训。 中期总结用英语怎么说 Interim Report 或 Interim Summary 总结的英语怎么说总结，就翻译总结 总结 总结 [zǒng jié] 动 summarize; （分析研究经验做出结论） sum up 名 （概括出来的结论） summary; summing up; sum-up; summing-up 他总结了自己的哲学，还提及了加尔文。 He summed up his philosophy, with reference to Calvin. "工作总结"或者"工作汇报"用英文怎么说? 工作总结 work summary 工作汇报 work report 总结 英文怎么说 5分 总结 (分析研究经验做出结论) sum up；summarize 总结工作 summarize one"s work (概括出来的结论) summary；summing up 作总结 make a summary 对的，光是标题就用summary

sum是一个函数，计算和值。summarize是stata的一个命令，列出数据的基本信息。这就是区别。

sum up是总结，要发表自己的观点；summarize是概括，只需要把之前的关键点重新罗列一下

前-美语后-英

一样的,有些动词z和s可以互换的 还比如：realise和realize

点击 statistics 查看即可;打开auto.dta后，点击 statistics | Summaries,tables,and tests| Frequency tables |one-way table;在分类变量设置窗口选择 foreign和price， 点击 确定分类统计功能也可以通过tabulate命令实现。在命令行中输入 tabulate rep78，按回车，得到如下运行结果。能够看出，修复3次以上的车占比最大，为43.48%. 但我们发现总数为69，与前面的统计数74存在差异。在弹出的设置窗口中设置Row 为rep78， 列变量为foreign,点击submit.

总结一下Sum up 重点词汇释义总结summarize; sum up; summary; summing up; sum-up; summing-up

sum- 总和summary- 概括，总结summarize- 形容，总结（动词）

概括主要意思

写论文的时候内容提要应把论文的主要观点提示出来，便于读者一看就能了解论文内容的要点。论文提要要求写得简明而又全面，不要罗哩罗嗦抓不住要点或者只是干巴巴的几条筋，缺乏说明观点的材料。 内容提要可分为报道性提要和指示性提要。报道性提要，主要介绍研究的主要方法与成果以及成果分析等，对文章内容的提示较全面

其实只要是summary题，都是在考你的summarize能力。首先是summary这个词。中文我们知道叫“摘要”，可是或许英文的解释会更加清楚一些。其次是introductory sentence这个名字。很明显，它指的是三个选项上面的那句黑体字。我们往往在做题时会下意识看它一眼，却不知自己为什么要看。其实一切尽在introductory这个词中。很多人将这个名字简单翻译为“介绍句”—--或许他们自己都不知道什么是“介绍句”。但如果我们从词根词缀方面对“introductory”这个词分析的话，其实intro-表示“inside”，duc-表示“lead”，那么这个名字就可以容易地被翻作“引入句”。如果我们将这道题目当作是真的一篇摘要，那么这个“引入句”便是它的开头，为整篇摘要奠定写作方向。所以“introductory sentence”给我们指明了我们分析的方向，选项中偏离方向的选项不能选!托福阅读理解中summary主旨题破题方法三：再次是正确答案的特征“the most important ideas”和错误答案的一个特征“minor ideas”。它们俩再连同之前提到的summary的定义得知，我们的答案要say “no” to the“minor”。那么“minor”到底代表着什么呢?我们也从英文解释中看个究竟：英文解释为Something that is monor has very little importance, significance, or seriousness, especially in relation to other things of the same sort.说白了也就是与同一背景下的其它事物对比次要的那个。其实在这道题目的范围内，背景当然就是“引入句”中所提到的摘要的方向了。如果在这个背景下某个选项次要，便说明这个选项的内容偏离了方向，与上面提到的第二点相同;此外，作为次要信息却又存在于文章中，则说明它肯定不是主旨信息，一定是说明和支持主旨的细节部分，与上面提到的第一点相同。

现在让我来对会议内容的几个小点，进行下总结。

“综上所述”的英文翻译方法有：To summarize、 In summary、 To sum up、 In conclusion、To conclude等。下面详细介绍：1、To summarize：概括;总结;总而言之;概述;摘要之例句：Objective To summarize the methods, experiences and lessons of emergency testing.目的总结应急检验的方法、经验与教训。

1.sum 可以作名词，（作名词时意思是“合数，总计”），也可以作动词（是不及物动词，常和up 连用）。例如：The sum of 5 and 3 is 8. (名词)They want to sum up their past experience before going on.（动词）2.summary 可以作形容词，（作名词时意思是“摘要，概略”），也可以作名词。例如：He presented a summary account.（形容词） 他概括地说明。Give a summary of this chapter.（名词） 列出这一章的摘要。 【俊狼猎英】团队为您解答。

综上所述用英文有五种说法：In summaryIn conclusionIn a wordto sum upall in all

我帮楼主把这篇文章贴上来。。嘿嘿"Don"t ever mark in a book!" Thousands of teachers, librarians and parents have so advised. But Mortimer Adler disagrees. He thinks so long as you own the book and needn"t preserve its physical appearance, marking it properly will grant you the ownership of the book in the true sense of the word and make it a part of yourself.HOW TO MARK A BOOKMortimer J. Adler You know you have to read "between the lines" to get the most out of anything. I want to persuade you to do something equally important in the course of your reading. I want to persuade you to "write between the lines." Unless you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading. You shouldn"t mark up a book which isn"t yours. Librarians (or your friends) who lend you books expect you to keep them clean, and you should. If you decide that I am right about the usefulness of marking books, you will have to buy them. There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it. An illustration may make the point clear. You buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butcher"s icebox to your own. But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you consume it and get it into your bloodstream. I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed in your bloodstream to do you any good. There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers -- unread, untouched. (This individual owns wood-pulp and ink, not books.) The second has a great many books -- a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. (This person would probably like to make books his own, but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.) The third has a few books or many -- every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and loosened by continual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back. (This man owns books.) Is it false respect, you may ask, to preserve intact a beautifully printed book, an elegantly bound edition? Of course not. I"d no more scribble all over a first edition of "Paradise Lost" than I"d give my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt! I wouldn"t mark up a painting or a statue. Its soul, so to speak, is inseparable from its body. And the beauty of a rare edition or of a richly manufactured volume is like that of painting or a statue. If your respect for magnificent binding or printing gets in the way, buy yourself a cheap edition and pay your respects to the author. Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading? First, it keeps you awake. (And I don"t mean merely conscious; I mean wide awake.) In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed. Let me develop these three points. If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. you can"t let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read. Now an ordinary piece of light fiction, like, say, "Gone with the Wind," doesn"t require the most active kind of reading. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation, and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable. You don"t absorb the ideas of John Dewey the way you absorb the crooning of Mr. Vallee. You have to reach for them. That you cannot do while you"re asleep. If, when you"ve finished reading a book, the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you read actively. The most famous active reader of great books I know is President Hutchins, of the University of Chicago. He also has the hardest schedule of business activities of any man I know. He invariably read with pencil, and sometimes, when he picks up a book and pencil in the evening, he finds himself, instead of making intelligent notes, drawing what he calls " caviar factories" on the margins. When that happens, he puts the book down. He knows he"s too tired to read, and he"s just wasting time. But, you may ask, why is writing necessary? Well, the physical act of writing, with your own hand, brings words and sentences more sharply before your mind and preserves them better in your memory. To set down your reaction to important words and sentences you have read, and the questions they have raised in your mind, is to preserve those reactions and sharpen those questions. You can pick up the book the following week or year, and there are all your points of agreement, disagreement, doubt and inquiry. It"s like resuming an interrupted conversation with the advantage of being able to pick up where you left off. And that is exactly what reading a book should be: a conversation between you and the author. Presumably he knows more about the subject than you do; naturally you"ll have the proper humility as you approach him. But don"t let anybody tell you that a reader is supposed to be solely on the receiving end. Understanding is a two-way operation; learning doesn"t consist in being an empty receptacle. The learner has to question himself and question the teacher. He even has to argue with the teacher, once he understands what the teacher is saying. And marking a book is literally an expression of your differences, or agreements of opinion, with the author. There are all kinds of devices for marking a book intelligently and fruitfully. Here"s the way I do it:1. Underlining: of major points, of important or forceful statements.2. Vertical lines at the margin: to emphasize a statement already underlined.3. Star, asterisk, or other doo-dad at the margin: to be used sparingly, to emphasize the ten or twenty most important statements in the book.4. Numbers in the margin: to indicate the sequence of points the author makes in developing a single argument.5. Number of other pages in the margin: to indicate where else in the book the author made points relevant to the point marked; to tie up the ideas in a book, which, though they may be separated by many pages, belong together.6. Circling of key words or phrases.7. Writing in the margin, or at the top or bottom of the page, for the sake of: recording questions (and perhaps answers) which a passage raise in your mind; reducing a complicated discussion to a simple statement; recording the sequence of major points right through the book. I use the end-papers at the back of the book to make a personal index of the author"s points in the order of their appearance. The front end-papers are, to me, the most important. Some people reserve them for a fancy bookplate, I reserve them for fancy thinking. After I have finished reading the book and making my personal index on the back end-papers, I turn to the front and try to outline the book, not page by page, or point by point (I"ve already done that at the back), but as an integrated structure, with a basic unity and an order of parts. This outline is, to me, the measure of my understanding of the work.

To summarize the shape, main idea, and topic of an article, you can follow these steps:1. Skim the article: Start by reading the title, abstract, and any section headings or subheadings to get a sense of what the article is about.2. Identify the topic: Determine the subject matter of the article. What is the article focusing on? Is it a news article, an opinion piece, or an academic study?3. Determine the main idea: Look for the thesis statement or main argument of the article. This is usually stated in the introduction or conclusion, but it may also be implied throughout the article.4. Identify the shape: Consider the structure of the article. Does it follow a chronological order, a cause-and-effect pattern, or a compare-and-contrast format?5. Summarize: Once you have identified the topic, main idea, and shape, summarize the article in a few sentences or bullet points.Remember that the main idea of an article should be clear and concise, and should be supported by evidence and examples throughout the article. The shape of the article should also be logical and easy to follow, with clear transitions between ideas and sections.

语法标注解释 summary英音：["sʌməri]美音：["sʌmərɪ] 以下结果由译典通提供词典解释形容词 a. 1.概括的,扼要的He gave a summary report of the day"s events. 他对一天的事件作了简要的报告。 2.实时的;草率的;即决的,简易的The government took summary action to aid the earthquake victims. 政府即刻采取行动救济地震灾民。 名词 n. 1.总结,摘要,一览[C][(+of)]He made a summary of the case. 他为这个案件做了一个摘要。 语法标注解释 summarize英音：["sʌməraiz]美音：["sʌmə,raɪz] 以下结果由译典通提供词典解释及物动词 vt. 1.总结,概述,概括She summarized the aims of the new party in a couple of sentences. 她用几句话概括了新党的目标。 不及物动词 vi. 1.作总结,作概括

Please summarize the section by one sentence

1.Benjamin Franklin is a politician as much as a scientist and an inventor.2. Can you summarize the theme of this ancient poetry in concise terms?3. We should adapt our thought to changing conditions.4. The speed should be restricted within 55 km/h.5. What can you infer from the article itself about the author himself?6. Classical music is her preference.