康康map-
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Unit 1
无名英雄：职业父亲意味着什么？
在我们的孪生女儿出生后的第一次“约会”时，我和丈夫一起去看了一部名为《玩具故事》的电影。我们很喜欢这部片子，但随后我丈夫问道：“父亲在哪儿呢？”起初我还认为因为一个小小的失误而批评一部很吸引人的家庭影片似乎是太偏狭了。可后来越想越觉得这一疏忽太严重了。父亲不仅没有出现，他甚至没有被提到—— 尽管家中有婴儿，说明他不可能离开太长时间。影片给人的感觉是，父亲出现与否似乎是个极次要的细节，甚至不需要做任何解释。
新闻媒体倾向于把父亲的边缘化，这只是一个例子，它反映了在美国发生的巨大的社会变化。大卫?布兰肯霍恩在《无父之国》一书中将这种倾向称之为“无需父亲”观念。 职业母亲（我想这应是与无职业母亲相对而言的）奋斗的故事从媒体上无尽无休地轰击着我们。与此同时，媒体上绝大多数有关父亲的故事又集中表现暴力的丈夫或没出息的父亲。看起来似乎父亲惟一值得人们提及的时候是因为他们做家务太少而受到指责的时候（我怀疑这一说法的可靠性，因为“家务”的定义中很少包括打扫屋顶的雨水沟、给汽车换机油或其它一些典型地由男人们做的事），或者是在他们去世的时候。当布兰肯霍恩先生就“顾家的好男人”一词的词义对父亲们进行调查时，许多父亲都回答这一词语只有在葬礼上听到。
这种“无需父亲”综合症的一个例外是家庭全职父亲所受到的媒体的赞扬。我并非暗指这些家庭全职父亲作出的承诺不值得人们的支持，我只是想指出在实际生效的双重标准：家庭全职父亲受到人们的赞扬，而家庭全职母亲和养家活口的父亲，所得到文化上的认同却很少，甚至完全得不到。
我们用来讨论父亲角色（即没出息的父亲）的话语本身就显示出人们对大多数男人默默无闻而自豪地履行对家庭承担的责任缺乏赏识。我们几乎从来没听到“职业父亲”这一说法，在人们呼吁应该考虑给予工作者在工作地点上更大的灵活性时，很少有人认为这种呼吁不但适用于女子，同样也适应于男子。我们这个社会表现出似乎家庭职责对父亲来说并不象对母亲那么重要 —— 似乎事业上的满足就是男人生活的全部。
更让人感到侮辱的是最近媒体的这种倾向，即把家庭主妇看成是一种“地位的象征” —— 就像一辆名贵的汽车，只有据说少数男人才享受得起这种奢侈与豪华。这暗示家里有家庭主妇的男人比那些妻子在外工作的男人日子过得更舒适，因为他们拥有全职管家这种“奢侈品”。然而，实际上作为家庭惟一挣钱者的男人要承受很多压力。当他们的那份工作是家庭收入的惟一来源的时候，失业，或者甚至只不过是受到失业的威胁，对他们来说显然构成更大的困难。同样，家庭惟一的工资收入者在想辞去不太满意的工作时，其灵活程度也要小一些，因为这种工作变换会使他们失去收入。此外，为了给家庭挣更多的钱，许多丈夫超时工作或兼做第二职业。对于这些男人来说，正是这份工作所支撑的家庭，使得他们值得付出努力。很多男人相信母亲呆在家里对小孩十分重要，这种信念使得他们乐意地担起家里惟一挣钱人的担子。
目前，研究者们普遍认为家庭中没有父亲会对小孩 —— 因此对整个社会 —— 带来严重的问题。然而，我们这个社会并没有把“普通”父亲作为正面角色为未来的父亲树立榜样，相反地，却常常持放弃态度，认为传统的父道从最好的方面说是已经过时，从最坏的方面讲就是危险的反动。这使得许多男人对他们作为父亲的角色的价值提出疑问。 作为一个社会，我们需要认识到对于孩子来说，父亲是与母亲同等重要的，不仅仅在经济支持上，而且在感情依靠、教育和纪律训导方面都是如此。我们仅仅意识到没有父亲是一个问题是不够的，也不能只是站在坟墓旁边哀悼“顾家好男人”的去世，随后又找一个人来替代他（请问一问已失去父亲的人，这是否可能）。我们必须承认我们是如何贬低了父道的价值，我们必须努力向男人们显示，他们在孩子们的生活中是多么不可缺少，多么重要。 那些每天都在努力去爱和支撑他们的家庭，力求做一个顾家好男人的父亲，那些无名英雄，需要我们的承认，他们所付出的一切需要我们的感谢，因为他们值得我们的认同和感激
Passage A
Ex.5 1. obligation 2. applauded 3. fulfilled 4. mirror 5. flexibility
6. devalue 7. striving 8. entailed 9. supposedly 10. Consequently
Ex6. 1. refer to as 2. at best 3. by the same token 4. at large 5. help up …as
Ex.8 Translate the following sentences into English.
1. With his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities.
2. He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.
3. Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading.
4. At best he"s ambitious, at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications.
5. We have striven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway.
马老四-
Ex.5 1. obligation 2. applauded 3. fulfilled 4. mirror 5. flexibility
6. devalue 7. striving 8. entailed 9. supposedly 10. Consequently
Ex6. 1. refer to as 2. at best 3. by the same token 4. at large 5. hold up u2026as
Ex.8 Translate the following sentences into English.
1. With his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities.
2. He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.
3. Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading.
4. At best heu2019s ambitious, at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications.
5. We have striven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway.
Ex14. 1. equality 2. sustained 3. clue 4. expansiveness 5. was sacked
6. defined 7. sphere 8. sour 9. depressing 10. division
Ex15. 1. in the way 2. falling apart 3. have ruled out 4. at this rate 5. took up
Passage B Ex. 17 Translate the following sentences into English.
1. The popularity of Internet provides people with quick and convenient access to information.
2. Since he doesnu2019t agree to this plan, there is not much point in thinking about it any more.
3. I haven"t seen it myself, but it is supposed to be a very good film.
4. If you don"t work hard, you"ll end up nowhere.
5. It"s up to the United States to take the initiative in banning nuclear weapons.
Ex14. 1.embarrassed, 2.tutor, 3.potential, 4.hence, 5.yield,
6.affection, 7.appropriate, 8.presentation, 9.romantic, 10.recommendation
Ex15. 1.in terms of, 2.participating in, 3.get down to, 4.base...on, 5.acts on
Ex17. 1. Excessive exercises does more harm than good to oneu2019s health. Therefore we must control the amount of exercise we do.
2. He made a few attempts to join in their conversation, but he gave up out of timidness.
3. Trains cannot compete with planes in terms of convenience and speed.
4. Making a comparison between Chinese and American cultures will help you to better understand and adapt to your study environment in the USA.
5. It is a traditional Chinese virtue for the young on buses to yield their seats to the old, the weak, the sick and the disabled.
Key to Exercises
5. 1. violated 2. derive 3. blocked 4. default 5. rationalized
6. quoted 7. exclusive 8. contacted 9. anonymous 10. charge
6 1. is up to 2.resulted in 3.was charged with 4.was unlikely 5. handing out
8. 1. It is simply unbelievable for him to change 500 dollars for a haircut.
2. People grant you the privilege, so you should serve the people wholeheartedly.
3. The weather forecast is very important so that we can decide when to go to sea.
4. The sound of guns violated the usual calmness of Sunday morning, and people had a strong feeling that the war was coming.
5. Even though you read three pages per minute, you will by no means finish the book by the end of this weekend.
Key to Exercises
14. 1.have witnessed 2. trample 3. abusing 4.manual 5. duplicated
6. knowingly 7. tactic 8. patrolling 9. budget 10. enforce
15. 1. end up 2. give...short shrift 3. step up ...to 4. infringed on
5. doesnu2019t fit into
16. 1 a fine 2. rights/law 3. to violate law/rights 4. money 5.deadlines
6.a presentation 7. rehearsals 8. a copy/money 9. permission 10.an interview
17. 1. He can beat his opponent easily without giving a second thought.
2. With little or no knowledge of driving, he drove the car onto the road.
3. It is illegal to make an unauthorized change in the construction of the bridge.
4. I could accept this fact calmly because I knew if I were not able to finish the mission, chances were that the team would be defeated.
5. Children in remote mountain areas are lacking in scientific and cultural knowledge.
Key to Exercises
14. 1. compelled 2. compassion 3. disclosure 4. exploring
5. malnourished 6. plaguing 7. pledge 8. breach 9. span
10. transaction
15. 1. sitting idle 2. broke down 3. in all respects
4. gaveu2026 credit 5. by the conduct of
17. 1. Wonu2019t it be better if we take measures to change the present situation?
2. I didnu2019t give him credit for such a skill. (I didnu2019t give credit to him for such a skill.)
3. They have been learning English up to now, though in their advanced age.
4. He has not been to school for seven days because of illness.
5. The children ran out of the classroom, jumping and singing.
Key to Exercises
14. 1. certify 2. consulted 3. monthly 4. maintained 5. benefits
6. survey 7. restless 8. aggressive 9. evaporated 10. maximum
15. 1. scrape together 2. sunk in 3. count on 4. account for 5. laid off
17. 1. Generally speaking he is quite learned, especially in the field of mathematics. However, when it comes to politics, he knows nothing.
2. According to the survey they made of the 1000 workers who missed out on the chance to go to university, their failure in the college entrance examinations had a profound effect on their later life.
3. Owing to cost rise, employers refuse to pay the retirement pension for their employees. On the flip side, employees are unwilling to stay in the same company for their whole lives.
4. Since youu2019ve told me who should take responsibility for the matter, I will not pursue it any further.
5. I will try to set aside half an hour each day to do some exercise even in the busiest season