Scientists find that______one’s eyeballs move more quickly although their eyelids are closeD.

scientist ["saiu0259ntist] n. 科学家

您好，这里scientists指的是一个群体，所以用复数。

【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】D【小题3】B【小题4】D【小题5】A【答案解析】试题分析：本文讲述了科学家们在试图把沙漠变回农田，他们想把水引到沙漠，人们就可以在那里生存种植作物了，但沙漠一直在增多。植被可以防风固沙，留住雨水。【小题1】推理判断题。Scientiststhinkthatpeoplemakedeserts.Peoplearedoingbadthingstotheearth.此句可以看出是人类制造了沙漠，并且其它几项与文意不符，故选C。【小题2】推理判断题。Theyarelearningalotaboutthedeserts.他们在研究很多关于沙漠的事情，可以推断出答案为D。【小题3】推理判断题。moreandmoreoftheearthisbecomingdesertsallthetime.Scientistsmaynotbeabletochangethedeserts.Scientiststhinkthatpeoplemakedeserts.Peoplearedoingbadthingstotheearth.从文中这些句子可以推断出A、C、D都是正确的，故选B。【小题4】推理判断题。Plantsdon"tletthehotsunmaketheearthevendrier.Plantsdon"tletthewindblowtheearthaway.Whenalittlebitofrainfalls,theplantsholdthewater.这些句子表明答案为D，上三项全包括。【小题5】标题归纳题。综合全文内容，这篇文章谈论的是沙漠问题，故选A，其它几项是片面的。考点：科普环保类阅读。

Scientists主语jumped to谓语， 动词the rescue宾语

scientists的中文翻译就是科学家，这是一个英文单词

主语：scienctists谓语：should be kept in formed ofthe latest developments是of的宾语

1.A解析:题干:按照科学家的说法，作为午饭下列那组食物最健康?通过看选项得知，只有A项所列食物分别属于不同的种类。2.D根据原文.Insomeplacespeopleeatonceortwiceaday;inothercountriespeopleeatthreeorfourtimesaday.Scientistssaythatnoneofthedifferenceisreallyimportant。Itdoesn"tmatterwhetherfoodsareeatenraworcooked,cannedorfrozen.itdoesn"tmatterifapersoneatsdinnerat4o"clockintheafternoonorateleveno"clockatnight。得知，ABC三项均是错误的。3.D根据原文Peopleindifferentcountriesandareaseatdifferentkindsofthings.Foodarecookedandeateninmanydifferentkindsofways.Peopleindifferentcountrieseatatdifferenttimesoftheday得知D项正确。4.C根据原文Nowadaystherearetwoproblemsinfeedingthelargenumberofpeopleintheearth.Thefirstistofindsomewaytofeedtheworld"spopulationsothatnooneishungry.Thesecondistomakesurethatpeopleeverywherehavetherightkindsoffoodtomakethemgrowtobestrongandhealthy得知ABD三项是正确的。5.B题干:整篇文章作者接下来会谈及什么问题?根据最后一段Nowadaystherearetwoproblemsinfeedingthelargenumberofpeopleintheearth.Thefirstistofindsomewaytofeedtheworld"spopulationsothatnooneishungry.Thesecondistomakesurethatpeopleeverywherehavetherightkindsoffoodtomakethemgrowtobestrongandhealthy的内容可以推测出，作者将谈论解决这两个问题的方法。

Scientists have known for decades that having measles (麻疹）suppresses kid"s immune systems for several weeks or months, leaving them ill-equipped to fight off pneumonia, bronchitis and other infections.Now a team of researchers has suggested that the measles vims may also leave a longer-lasting sort of “immune-amnesia” that makes it harder for people to stave off other illnesses for two years or more.That re-emphasizes the importance of vaccination (疫苗)，said biologist Michael Mina, lead author of a paper that was published in the journal Science.“There may be a long-lasting impact that you can"t undo if your child gets measles,M he said. “I hope this stu% can impress upon people the danger measles poses.”The rearchers used what Mina called “an unconventional approach" to search for the long-lasting immune system effects. Previous work in monkeys suggested that monkeys with the disease lost white blood cells their bodies had trained to fight off other illnes^s, leaving them more likely to be infected.To test if a similar thing may occur in humans, the group mined historical data to find out the relationship between measles incidence (发病率)and deaths from other infectious diseases.and deaths from infectious disease both before and after the introduction of the measles vaccine in the U.K. in the 1960s，Mina and the team saw a sort of shadow effect, where deaths from a variety of non-measles infectious diseases closely tracked measles incidence. The more measles in a population, the more deaths from other illnesses in the 28-month period that followed.“Really it didn"t matter what age gj*oup, what decade or what country, said Mina. “They all showed consistent results ... what we"re suggesting happens over the long term is that your immune system works fine，but it has forgotten what it previously learned.”Some researchers who were not involved in the work questioned whether the reductions in deaths as measles cases declined may have had more to do with improving nutrition and smaller family size than with prolonged immune suppression.Others thought the paper"s opinion of years-long suppression was seemingly reasonable but said they could not comment on the mathematical models the group used.To know for certain what was behind the effect the group saw, Mina agreed, scientists would need to look at immune cells and observe their behavior. He said he would like to push the work in a more traditional direction: back into the laboratory.

小题1:B小题2:A小题3:C小题4:C试题分析：本文叙述了科学家的一种想象，在地球的上方放一面60英里宽的镜子，它可以用来为城市延长照明的时间，它的能量可以融化霜冻，以防霜冻冻坏庄稼。还可以融化冰山，能够改变云的运动以便在需要雨的地方降雨。小题1:细节理解题。根据Itmightbesixtymileswide.故选B。小题2:细节理解题。根据Itwouldbeusedtocatchtherays(光线)ofthesun.Itwoulddirectthesun"sraysupontheearthasachildmightdotomakesunlightdanceonthewallwithahandmirror.镜子能反射阳光，故选A。小题3:细节理解题。根据Theycouldlightupcitiesbynight.故选C。小题4:细节理解题。根据Scientistswouldliketoplaceahugemirrorinspaceabovetheearth.Itmightbesixtymileswide.这是科学家的想象出来的，故选C。点评：细节题为阅读考题的重头戏，所占比例高达80%，相对而言较简单，因为这类题虽然要求理解准确，但基本上限于字面意义的理解，范围也限于局部，因此是我们可望得高分的部分。细节题绝大部分体现“中心思想是解”这一原理。本文都是细节理解题，在文中比较容易找到答案。

小题1:C小题2:B小题3:C小题4:A 试题分析：文章是一篇说明文，说明全世界不同地区的人，有不同的饮食习惯，不论怎样，最重要存在两大问题，一是消除饥饿，二是吃出健康。小题1:推理判断题。由文章第一段科学家列出的每天应吃的食物种类，包括蔬菜、水果、谷物，鱼肉蛋、奶、坚果，要均衡饮食，可推断出C答案中包含的种类多，所以选C。小题2:细节理解题。由此句It doesn"t matter whether food is eaten raw or cooked,“食物是生吃还是熟吃都没关系。”可知raw和cooked应该是对应词，cooked在此的意思是，做熟了的，所以raw是“生的”。故选B。小题3:细节理解题。由第二段最后一句话The important thing is what you eat every day.“最重要的事情是你每天吃什么。” 可知选C。小题4:主旨大意题。由第二段第四行It doesn"t matter whether food is eaten raw or cooked, cool or hot.，推出B不正确；由最后一段第二句话The first is to find some ways to feed the world"s population so that no one in hungry.可知C不对，再根据全文的中心意思，故选A。

For years scientists have been worried about the effects of air pollution on the earth"s natural conditions. Some believe the air inside many houses may be more dangerous than the air outside. It may be one hundred times worse.Indoor air pollution can cause a person to feel tired, to suffer eye pain, headache and other problems. Some pollutants（污染物）can cause breathing disorders, diseases of blood and even cancer. Most scientists agree that every modern house has some kind of indoor pollution.People have paid more attention to the problem now. It is true that when builders began making houses and offices they did not waste energy. To do this they build buildings that limited the flow of air between inside and outside. They also began using man-made building materials. These materials are now known to let out harmful gases.As the problem became more serious, scientists began searching for a way to deal with it. They discovered a natural pollution control system for building—green plants. Scientists do not really know how plants control air pollution. They believe that a plant"s leaves absorb or take in the pollutants. In exchange the plant lets out oxygen through its leaves and tiny organizations on its roots. Scientists suggest that all buildings should have one large plant or several small plants inside for every nine square meters of space. Studies of different plants show that each absorbs different chemicals. So the most effective way to clean the air is to use different kinds of plants. Having green plants inside your house can make it a prettier and more healthy place.多年来科学家们一直担心的影响,空气污染对地球的自然条件。一些人认为许多房屋内空气比外面的空气可能更危险。这可能更糟一百倍。室内空气污染会使人感到疲劳,出现眼痛、头痛和其他问题。一些污染物(污染物)可导致呼吸疾病、血液疾病,甚至癌症。大多数科学家一致认为每个现代的房子都有某种形式的室内污染。现在人们更加关注的问题。的确,当建筑工人开始房屋和办公室他们不浪费能源。为此他们建造建筑物,有限的内部和外部之间的空气流动。他们也开始使用的人造建筑材料。这些材料目前已知放出有害气体。问题变得更加严重,科学家们开始寻找一种方式来解决它。他们发现了一个天然绿色建筑工厂的污染控制系统。科学家不知道植物如何控制空气污染。他们认为,植物的叶子吸收或污染物。在交换植物让氧气通过它的叶子和小组织在其根源。科学家建议,所有的建筑都应该有一个大的植物或一些小植物内每9平方米的空间。不同的植物的研究显示,每吸收不同的化学物质。所以清洁空气的最有效的方法是使用不同类型的植物。有绿色植物在你的房子可以使它成为一个更漂亮,更健康的地方。

自己写的一篇，并且用了一些资料。My Favorite Scentists我最喜欢的科学家My favorite scentists are Edison and Albert Einstein .Edison is a great scientist,He was born in 1847.He is a world-famous scientist and inventor power of the United States, as the "King of the invention of the world." 我最喜欢的科学家是爱迪生和爱因斯坦。爱迪生是一个伟大的科学家，他出生于1847年。他是世界著名的科学家和发明家，是美国发明界的中坚力量，被誉为世界发明“大王”。Albert Einstein was considered the greatest scientist of the 20th century and one of the greatest of all time. His discoveries and theories have greatly influenced science in many fields.艾伯特爱因斯坦被视为 20 世纪和最好的之一最伟大科学家整时间。 他的发现和理论在许多领域中已经非常影响科学。 They taught me to be hardworking and made me interested in science.他们使我努力学习，并且对科学产生了兴趣。

Scientists recently discovered that pictures on cave walls at Creswell Crags are the oldest known in Great Britain. But they didn"t find out in the usual way.Archaeologists often date cave art with a process called radiocarbon dating. The technique can measure the age of carbon found in charcoal（木炭）drawings or painted pictures. Carbon is an element found in many things, including charcoal and even people. But in this case, there was no paint or charcoal to test. People carved the pictures of animals and figures into the rock using stone tools. The scientists had an “aha!” moment when they noticed small rocks stuck to the top of the drawings. The small rocks must have formed after the drawings were made.“It is rare to be able to scientifically date rock art,” said Alistair Pike, an archaeological scientist at Britain"s University of Bristol. “We were very fortunate that some of the engravings were covered by stalagmites（石笋）.When a test proved that the stalagmites formed 12,800 years ago, the scientists knew the art underneath them had to be at least that old. And some of the animals shown, like the European bison, are now extinct--another tip-off that the art is quite old.The artists came to Creswell Crags, This place is one of the farthest points north reached by our ancient ancestors during the Ice Age. At that time, much of the North Sea was dry, so people could move about more easily.Some tools and bones found there are 13,000 to 15,000 years old. They show that the travelers hunted horses, reindeer, and arctic hare. Their artwork is similar to art in France and Germany. It tells scientists that the Creswell Crags artists must have had a close connection to peoples several thousand kilometers away－another important clue to understanding how humans spread out across the world.62. Which of the following can be used as the best title of the passage?A. Cave Art About Animals Is Most BeautifulB. Cave Art Found in an Unusual WayC. Cave Art Turns Out to Be Britain"s OldestD. Cave Art in Britain63. The underlined word “archaeologists” in this passage probably means people ________.A. who study things left behind by people in the pastB. who have rich experience in paintingC. who are interested in wild animalsD. who are good at using stone tools64. Why do scientists say the art is quite old?A. The art was carved into stone with stone tools.B. The animals carved in the stone are beautiful.C. The cave is one of the farthest point in the world.D. Some pictures were covered by stalagmites more than 10,000 years old.65. By studying the cave art, scientists know something about _________.A. how ancient people crossed the North SeaB. why some of the animals have died outC. how humans spread out across the worldD. what kind of animals people hunt at that time答案 CAD

分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件，方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句；表示方式或伴随状况时可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。 当状语的动词和主句的主语是主动关系时，用现在分词；是被动关系时，用过去分词。而不定式作状语，常表示目的。例如：Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network (=Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network), Alice was in low spirits. (2006福建) 分词短语作原因状语Given time (=If he is given time), he"ll make a fist-class tennis player. （03北京）分词短语作条件状语

citizen scientists公民科学家；全民科学家；平民科学家例句1.Citizen scientists are setting up their own gene laboratories in the hope of inventing new and useful organisms.现在许多平民科学家建立自己的基因实验室以期创造新的有用的微生物。2.We can make one firm forecast that"s important for all "citizen scientists" .我们能够确切地做出一个对所有“科学家公民”而言很重要的预言。3.Citizen scientists have spotted two blips in the data that are almost certainly planets.公民科学家已经在万千数据中找到了两个可能性较高的行星。4.A mobile phone application will help professional and citizen scientists collect and analyse data from in the field, anywhere in the world.一个手机程序将会帮助世界上任何地方的专业或市民科学家收集、分析专业领域的数据。5.The effort is paying off. Citizen scientists have spotted two blips in the data that are almost certainly planets.公民科学探索者盯住了信息中的两个光点，几乎可以肯定那就是两颗行星。

whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.许多科学家认为，水的持续存在使得地球能将有害气体和酸溶解在海洋和海洋中。

1、scientist，读音：英[?sa??nt?st]美[?sa??nt?st]，科学家。2、Scientistsarestillalongwayofffindingacure.科学家要找到一个治疗方法，还远着呢。3、Thescientistsaretakingwatersamplesfromtheriver.科学家正从河中采水样。4、Scientistscontinuetopushbacktheboundariesofhumanknowledge.科学家不断扩大人类知识的范围。

1、scientist，读音：英[?sa??nt?st]美[?sa??nt?st]，科学家。2、Scientistsarestillalongwayofffindingacure.科学家要找到一个治疗方法，还远着呢。3、Thescientistsaretakingwatersamplesfromtheriver.科学家正从河中采水样。4、Scientistscontinuetopushbacktheboundariesofhumanknowledge.科学家不断扩大人类知识的范围。

　　你知道吗?一起来学习一下吧! 　　 科学家的英文： scientist 　　科学家的英文例句： 　　1. A new generation of scientists became fascinated by dinosaurs. 　　新一代科学家对恐龙研究著了迷。 　　2. The scientists conducted two aerial surveys followed by two ground surveys. 　　科学家们在两次地面勘测后又进行了两次空中勘测。 　　3. The scientists have already experimented at each other"s test sites. 　　科学家已经在彼此的实验场所进行了实验。 　　4. Scientists know that cancer may not show up for many years. 　　科学家们知道癌症可能会潜伏多年。 　　5. Half of PML"s scientists have first degrees, the other half have PhDs. 　　普利茅斯海洋研究所的科学家一半有学士学位，另一半则有博士学位。 　　6. Social scientists have grown extremely unwilling to make value judgments about cultures. 　　社会科学家们已经变得十分不愿意对文化作出价值判断。 　　7. The scientists involved put different weight on the conclusions of different models. 　　相关科学家对不同模型的结论给予不同的权重。 　　8. Industry leaders want scientists to engage in fundamental research, not applied research. 　　行业领袖希望科学家从事基础性研究，而非应用性研究。 　　9. The latest techniques in oceanography are now available to many more scientists. 　　更多的科学家现在能够接触到海洋学的最新技术。 　　10. Scientists are putting a good face on the troubles. 　　科学家们对这些困难似乎不以为意。 　　11. For many years sundials have cast their spell over scientists and mathematicians. 　　多年来，日晷一直吸引著科学家和数学家们。 　　12. Scientists are being increasingly unsure of the validity of this technique. 　　科学家们越来越拿不准这一技术是否正当合法。 　　13. Scientists claim to have identified natural substances with cancer-bating properties. 　　科学家们声称已经发现自然界的某些物质具有抗癌特性。 　　14. We need helpers of all types, engineers, scientists e.g. geologists and teachers. 　　我们需要各方面的帮手：工程师、科学家例如地质学家和教师。 　　15. Scientists call this the "it won"t affect me" syndrome. 　　科学家把这种现象称为“我无所谓”的典型表现。

　　相信很多人小时候的梦想就是要当科学家，那么你知道科学家的英语怎么读吗?下面我为大家带来科学家的英语读法，欢迎大家学习。 　　科学家的英语读法： 　　scientist 　　英 [u02c8saiu0259ntist] 美 [u02c8sau026au0259ntu026ast] 　　科学家相关英语表达： 　　林木科学家 Forest Scientist 　　疯狂的科学家 The Mad Scientist 　　科学家列表 lists of scientists 　　计算机科学家 computer scientist 　　科学家的 故事 Stories About Scientists 　　生命科学家 Life Scientist 　　科学家的英语读法例句： 　　1. A new generation of scientists became fascinated by dinosaurs. 　　新一代科学家对恐龙研究着了迷。 　　2. The scientists conducted two aerial surveys followed by two ground surveys. 　　科学家们在两次地面勘测后又进行了两次空中勘测。 　　3. The scientists have already experimented at each other"s test sites. 　　科学家已经在彼此的实验场所进行了实验。 　　4. Scientists know that cancer may not show up for many years. 　　科学家们知道癌症可能会潜伏多年。 　　5. Half of PML"s scientists have first degrees, the other half have PhDs. 　　普利茅斯海洋研究所的科学家一半有学士学位，另一半则有博士学位。 　　6. Social scientists have grown extremely unwilling to make value judgments about cultures. 　　社会科学家们已经变得十分不愿意对 文化 作出价值判断。 　　7. The scientists involved put different weight on the conclusions of different models. 　　相关科学家对不同模型的结论给予不同的权重。 　　8. Industry leaders want scientists to engage in fundamental research, not applied research. 　　行业领袖希望科学家从事基础性研究，而非应用性研究。 　　9. The latest techniques in oceanography are now available to many more scientists. 　　更多的科学家现在能够接触到海洋学的最新技术。 　　10. Scientists are putting a good face on the troubles. 　　科学家们对这些困难似乎不以为意。 　　11. For many years sundials have cast their spell over scientists and mathematicians. 　　多年来，日晷一直吸引着科学家和数学家们。 　　12. Scientists are becoming increasingly unsure of the validity of this technique. 　　科学家们越来越拿不准这一技术是否正当合法。 　　13. Scientists claim to have identified natural substances with cancer-combating properties. 　　科学家们声称已经发现自然界的某些物质具有抗癌特性。 　　14. We need helpers of all types, engineers, scientists (e.g. geologists) and teachers. 　　我们需要各方面的帮手：工程师、科学家(例如地质学家)和教师。 　　15. Scientists call this the "it won"t affect me" syndrome. 　　科学家把这种现象称为“我无所谓”的典型表现。

歌曲名:The Scientists歌手:Hum专辑:Downward Is HeavenwardThe Scientist - 杨乃文Come up to meet you tell you im sorryYou dont know how lovely you areI had to find you tell you i need youTell you i set you apartTell me your secretsAnd ask me your questionsOh lets go back to the startRunning in circles coming in tailsHeads are a science apartNobody said it was easyIts such a shame for us to partNobody said it was easyNo one ever said it would be this hardOh take me back to the startThe Scientist - 杨乃文I was just guessingAt numbers and figuresPulling the puzzles apartQuestions of scienceScience and progressCould not speak as loud as my heartTell me you love meCome back and haunt meOh when i rush to the startRunning in circles to see the tailsComing back as we areNobody said it was easyIts such a shame for us to partNobody said it was easyNo one ever said it would be this hardI am going back to the starthttp://music.baidu.com/song/8828794

著名的科学家（们）

第一个回答,若是asispredictedbyscientists 放入尾句, 例如:Thevolcanoeruptedasitispredictedbyscientists, 这就是状语从句。但要 +it, 因你打漏。第二个回答,若把它放在首句: Asitispredictedbyscientistssoyoumustlivewithit. 状语从句AdverbClauseofComparisonofManner。

　　题目找不到，但是找到原文。　　Scientists hope that if we can discover how the brain works, the better use wewill be able to put it to. For example, how do we learn language? Man differs most from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use language but we still do not know exactly how this is dine. Some children learn to speak and read and write when they are very young compared to average children. But scientists are not sure why this happens. They are trying to find out whether there is something about the way we teach language to children which in fact prevents children from learning sooner. Earlier scientists thought that during a man"s lifetime the power of his brain decreased. But it is now thought thatthis is not so. As long as the brain is given plenty of exercise it keeps its power. It has been found that an old person who has always been mentally active has a quicker mind than a young person who has done only physical work.

　　若是遇到的英语作文，它的主题是对于科学家的描述，你会写谁？下面是我给大家带来科学家英语写作范文，供大家参阅! 　　科学家英语作文篇1 　　On 15th August, 2014, the ceremony of special training camp for the future scientist was holding in Beijing Astronomical Observatory. It is reported that the activity will last a week. The purpose of this activity is mainly through the expert panel and a series of experience activities to let the youth feel the charming of science. In the spot, the scientists share the knowledge of astronomy in an easy way and the youth asking questions actively. After the activity, the youth said that this activity is very meaningful and widen their vision. The activity also inspire them to study harder in order to bee a scientist in the future. Besides, they said that the informative activity also support them a meaningful holiday. 　　科学家英语作文篇2 　　There is a scale in the picture with some nature factors on it"s left tray and some nurture factors on it"s right tray. And in the top of the picture, “The making of a successful scientist—nature or nurture?” reads 　　We can infer from that what counts more to make a successful scientist is nature but not nurture. 　　As we all know, interest leads to success. So, I think if a scientist is successful in one field, he or she must be much more interested in the field than others. Let"s take Einstein for example, if he were not so interested in physics, he would not have been so successful in its field. Thus, we can say the making of a successful scientist is nature. 　　However, the only nature is not enough, the nurture is also absolutely necessary. First, you must be in favor of the field, next, you must learn the knowledge connected with it, only in this way can you keep in up with the scientists who are researching in it and transcend them. During the course, you must learn from others, and so on. Finally you are likely to be a scientist. Imagine it, someone is very very interested in math, but he even doesn"t know what we can get if we add 1 to 1. Do you really think he can be a scientist, a successful scientist? 　　In a word, to make a successful scientist, nature and nurture are both important. 　　科学家英语作文篇3 　　It is generally agreed that society benefits from the work of its members. pare the contributions of artists to society with the 　　contributions of scientists to society. Which type of contribution do you think is valued more by your society? Give specific reasons to support your answer. 　　Artists and scientists both make valuable contributions to our society. It may seem sometimes that artists are more valued. That"s because those artists who are famous make a lot of money. However, they are relatively few. The fact is that scientists are more valued. They get more respect from society for the work they do. 　　Artists reflect their times and their culture. A painter or a writer shows us in pictures and words what we"re like as a people. They record our culture for future generations. Actors and other performers, like singers and dancers, entertain us. They take our minds off our troubles, and 　　remind us how beautiful and exciting our imaginations can be. Artists also help keep their societies mentally and emotionally healthy. For example, children that participate in the arts, such as painting or music, in school do 　　better in their other studies. Art of all types is necessary to the human spirit. 　　The contributions scientists make to society are more obvious. They include the cars we drive, the puters we use at home and at work, and the appliances that help us cook our meals and clean our houses. All of these e from the ideas and hard work of scientists. Because of scientific discoveries, we"re living longer and more healthful lives. 　　Scientists also contribute to the arts. Movies are the result of science. So are television, radio, and the recording of music on CDs. 　　Generally, scientists don"t make as much money as famous artists like film stars, opera singers or successful painters. However, our society gives them more respect, and they generally make a good living. 　　Scientists are considered to be serious professionals, while artists are sometimes viewed as flaky, irresponsible people. So overall, I"d have to conclude that we value scientists more. 》》》》下一页更多精彩“科学家英语写作范文”

小题1:D小题1:D小题1:A小题1:C小题1:C 小题1:细节题：从第一段的句子：They knew how big it is and how far away it is from the earth.可知科学家知道月亮离地球多远和多大。答案是D小题1:细节题：从第一段的句子：The moon is about 384,000 kilometers away from the earth.可知答案是D小题1:细节题：从第一段的句子：A plane cannot fly to the moon because the air reaches only 240 kilometers away from the earth.可知答案是A小题1:细节题：从第二段的句子：so it can make the rocket fly up into the sky.可知火箭的热气是为了让火箭升空，答案是C小题1:细节题：从第二段的句子：One day, rockets may be able to go to any place in space.可知作者对太空科学的未来是有信心的，答案是C

It is said that now fewer than 2000 pandas are living in remain.此句用了 it is said that +从句的结构。

你好, 这不是一个完整的句子, 应该是一个句子里的一部分, 需要有上下文更好判断, 这里scientist用了复数, 说明不止一位科学家, 这个表达的意思是学问最精深的科学家, 或者翻译成最有学者风度的科学家, 请采纳！scholarly由scholar而来

科学家认为在几百万年前地球上就已经有生物存在了

asnormalpeople是主语补足语，即主动语态中的宾语补足语。因为该短语是补充说明scientists而不是动词的承受者，所以是补足语不是宾语。

Scientists 主语say 谓语there are ...句末 宾语从句

科学家的英文读音为：英[u02c8sau026au0259ntu026ast]、美[u02c8sau026au0259ntu026ast]。知识扩展：scientist造句1、He dreams of becoming a scientist.他向往成为一名科学家.2、Many boys dream of becoming pilots.许多男孩梦想成为飞行员.3、He armed himself with a gun.他随身带着枪.4、I"m only armed with knowledge.我只有知识可以依赖.5、The scientist abandoned his research for lack of funds.那位科学家由于缺少经费而放弃了他的研究.6、The scientists expect to find a chemical cure for lung cancer within five years.科学家们预期在5年以内找到一种治疗肺癌的化学药物.7、The scientist could not calculate when the spaceship would reach the Jupiter.那位科学家没有算出那艘宇宙飞船什么时候会到达木星.8、The scientist was faced with many unknown factors.那个科学家面临许多未知数.9、In the middle of his tests,the scientist burst on the truth.在实验过程中,那个科学家突然发现了真知.10、The two scientists stopped working together because their theories did not conform.这两位科学家理论不一致,因此停止了合作.11、European scientists,engineers and technicians are flowing into the United States.欧洲的科学家、工程师以及技术人员正在流入美国.12、More scientists are being employed in studies to develop new medicines.更多的科学家正在从事开发新药的研究.13、Now scientists can forecast the weather accurately.现在科学家们能准确地预报天气.

C.A意为不尊敬的,B为随便的,C为有效的,D为准时的.句义是科学家们正在寻找更有效的办法来充分利用太阳能.,6,C efficient 有效的,2,英 语 题 Scientists are trying to find more ______ ways to make full use of solar energy 选项: a、disrespectful b、 casual c、 efficient d、 punctual

科学家们正在将自己极限的研究,寻找治疗艾滋病。

也是无语了 既然要完型填空，竟然连题目都没有 怎么填? 下面我找到资料不晓得是不是。你看看吧。Scientists have discovered that ___41___(stay) in the cold could help us lose weight. Researchers at the University of California found that exposure to the cold increases levels of a protein that helps form brown fat—the type of fat that produces heat and keeps us warm. Brown fat burns energy, ___42____helps us lose weight. White fat stores extra energy, which results___43___weight gain. The researchers said that because air conditioning and heating give us constant,___44_____(comfort) temperatures, our body"s need for brown fat has decreased. They found that: "Outdoor workers in northern Finland who ___45____(expose) to cold temperature have ____46___ significant amount of brown fat when ___47___(compare) to same-aged indoor workers."The research was conducted on two different control groups of mice. ____48_____ group was injected with the protein that helps create brown fat. This group later gained 30% less weight after both groups were fed high-fat diets. The researchers say this could be good news in the fight against obesity（肥胖症）. People who are obese have ＿49＿＿(low) levels of brown fat than thinner people. Head researcher Hei Sook Sul said: "This protein could become an important target for research into the treatment and prevention of obesity and obesity-related diseases." She added: "If you can somehow increase levels of this protein, you could ___50____(possible) lose more weight even if eating the same amount of food."答案解析41.staying 考查非谓语动词。从结构可知此处是非谓语作主语，用动名词形式，填staying。42.which 考查关系代词。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，用关系代词which指代前句话内容。43.in 考查介词。result in 导致，造成。故填in。44.comfortable 考查形容词。此处是和constant并列作temperatures的定语，故用形容词形式。45.are exposed 考查谓语动词。expose是及物动词，句中没有宾语，判断用被动形式。be exposed to “暴露在……之下”，根据主谓一致原则，填are exposed。46.a 考查冠词。a significant amount of“大量的”。故填a。47.compared 考查非谓语动词。此处是“连词+分词”结构，compare和句子主语outdoor workers之间是被动关系，用过去分词，填compared。48.One 考查数词。从上文内容可知此处指两组中的一组，因位于句首，故填One。49.lower 考查比较级。根据句中than可知此处用比较级，修饰名词levels，用形容词，故填lower。50.possibly 考查副词。修饰动词lose用副词形式，故填possibly。

Scientistsqualitytobecome an outstandingscientisthas quality,must first beto be curious,for the naturalcuriosity,curiosityfor thegeneral.According to thescientistsIknow,theyare very curiousforeverything.Theywant to know aboutthe law of things,they haveto see thingsis the most essentialone"s ability.As scientists,they canput thingsintothe most basicsimple but very importantrule,and through thesebasicrules toknow manyother things.They understandthingsis not just alist,orto the individualcognition,but theunderstanding oftheirinductionhas become a commonunderstanding.Theseare qualities thatshould have.In addition,the outstandingscientistsmusthave perseverance.Their effortsin the studyprocess,work hard,keep on carving.In addition,the outstandingscientistsgenerally havea strong self-confidence,believe that their own judgments.Self confidence is a kind ofvery important qualities.高二英语水平：What is the most important quality scientists? Some people immediately think of intelligence, IQ, to a class of things, because to reveal the mysteries of nature, to capture the fortress of science, near the sea to catch turtle, shoot for the moon...... Must, have great magic power, prowess, if there is no clever mind, not keen powers of observation, a quality of the imagination, butdon"t forget the memory, and no outstanding imagination and rigorous reasoning ability, is absolutely out of the question. To be aware of, this point of view, this argumentalthough mainly from non scientific workers, but in societyhas a great market. So, what actually is? Let us listen toscientists their sound.The Belgian cell biologists, biochemists Dedive (C.deDuve) said: "usually the scientists described asknowledgeable people, this idea is a grain of truth. In order to do scientific research, at least you have to accept a science training...... We need to learn moreknowledge, accept more exercise....... But, "know everything" is not sufficient to be considered as artcollectors conditions -- scientists is not necessarily artist.The true measure of scientists, is to see whether it cangenerate new knowledge, or more precisely, to see whether it has engaged in scientific needsunderstanding." Please note: this "will", "whether" is crucial, because then he also said: "most of us lack ofinsight into the mysteries of the universe"s extraordinarytalent, but just do not only do what little one can to helpscience building work...... In this case, a person is engaged in science or a scientist is mainly driven by curiosity. When you face the fact, the phenomenon ofstrange, always be overcome by one"s feelings to explor it." Actually, Dedive hinted that everyone, curiosity uorperhaps solve "will", "whether" key, because there is noscientific curiosity, the extraordinary wisdom and understanding may be lost.Bardeen is a famous physicist two times won the Nobel Prize, people called him a remarkable talent of many ages. He gave the impression that the people around,have a curiosity about the physics problems as childrenthings of interest, it is the curiosity that he is full of passion. Bardeen likes physics and math very much, andsoon learn to focus on the problem, and hard work are often brought him great spiritual return. So, curiositybrings passion was the cause of his miracles. In view of this, Gopnik (Alison Gopnik), the scientists compared to the growing of children, Gardiner (Howard Gardner) thenecessary for creative work attachment with the childcuriosity about the outside world around together.Moreover, such a point of view we Einstein in the autobiography also can see.Admittedly, intelligent, IQ intelligence factor plays an important role in scientific research. However, if the stressover the head, as if also does not accord with the facts,because many famous scientists in the history, not onlywhen reading performance is not outstanding, but at the time of the scientific research consciousness to some oftheir own lack of. In "Memoirs of Darwin" one book, weread as follows: "memories of him in a clear and conciseexpression of their ideas, I still as usual, very difficult; thedifficult to me a lot of time consumption; but in this regard will have a compensation benefits, it is: I have to thinklong and intently to every sentence, so I can be ininference, as well as in their own and other people"sobservations, and find out the mistakes and oversights.""I have no understanding of extremely sharp, not very witty: a few intelligent people, such as Huxley, has thegood quality. Therefore, I am just a clumsy critic: I firstread an article or a book, usually to praise...... I follow alengthy abstract thinking route -- this ability, there is a limit to me; therefore, I am in metaphysics and mathematics did not get any achievement. My memory,extensive range, but vague...... My memory is in some ways a poor: any date, or a sentence, in a few days, will be forgotten by me."So, what is the most important qualities of scientists? To sum up, shall not IQ, EQ, is unlikely to be theperseverance, courage, the pursuit of a kind of quality.The only way out, is also looking for. In the variousqualities of human one one excluded, in recent years is quite considerable in scientists interviewed two words in the report: "curiosity" and "interest" has attracted myattention. The butcher looked for his knife and it was in his mouth. Mr. Bian Yulin in a popular science article in paragraph confirmed and strengthened the author:Gamow, science is the source of human pursuit fornature and own understanding. Scientists the most important quality is the most common curiosity. Gamow wrote: "some people say: "curiosity can kill a cat", but I say: "curiosity creates a scientist.""These words have two non identical not. The first relates to what is curiosity; second points that curiosity very ordinary, but it can make a scientist. To get to the bottom of this two points and reach a consensus, not only toanswer "what is the most important quality?" Problems,but also of great significance. What is the curiosity? Whyare scientists the most important quality? Length of be confined to, the following simple reasoning to prove this assertion: embarked on the road of scientific researchpeople, curiosity will interest; interest will be good thinking; good thinking will be found, that can create theinvention. The interlocking logic chain is a true portrayal of scientific research activities, but in the field of scientific research, and its source -- scientists curious, as the most important quality is tenable. It not only for the numerousscientific facts have proved repeatedly, but did produce agreat scientist.

《TheImportanceofSelf-confidence》。Inconclusion,self-confidencewillenableustoperseverewhenwearesufferingsetbacks,whilelackofconfidencewilldefinitelyhavenegativeeffectsonoursocialrelationships,careerprospects,andmoods。

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明天，埃琳娜庆祝她的第十七个生日。她是有明亮的未来的一个少年。她与一个愉快，健康家庭居住在欧洲城市的一个宜人的郊区。她父母确信，她得到好饮食和医疗保健，并且她是良好教育的。明年，她去大学。因此，有些科学家预言埃琳娜的估计寿命是87。 But其他科学家不同意。他们预言埃琳娜将居住直到年3256! 多么这可能吗? 想象它是2024年和埃琳娜现在是一位成功的律师。一个早晨，她读在报纸的一篇文章关于一个难以相信的新的实验。科学家设法修改老鼠的脱氧核糖核酸防止它老化。到这十年末，这新闻变换了社会。人们意识到科学可能使任何东西成为可能。 Eventually，科学家将学会如何停止变老的人。在2041年，富裕的埃琳娜将是买新的防皱治疗的第一个人。在几天，她将是再看和感觉30岁，并且她将停留那个方式在医疗帮助下。 Scientists计算人们居住平均1200年。然而不幸地，事故将发生。在3256，年轻的埃琳娜在车祸将哀伤地死。但是至少她非常，非常长期将有的enjoye和愉快的生活。 根据许多科学家的，这个故事不是科幻，而是“科学事实”。如果科学继续迅速地开发，所有此将是可能的。但是一件好事是否是？您喜欢永远居住的Whould ？

The Scientists第一节 Secure U-Bahn Station首先任务开始时在一个二楼上，直接解决河对面敌人，同时小心楼下有一个敌人，差不多的时候把他也解决掉。然后起身拿身后墙角的补给，下楼，靠左侧桥通过，下桥后按绿箭头指示完成支线任务，得到补给。上来时小心有一小波敌人，解决掉。按红箭头指示方向前进，小心身后房上的狙击手，来到地图指定地点，发现是死路，从旁边房间门进入地下仓库，小心有很多敌人，枪上满子弹，解决掉敌人，任务提示完成，寻找补给，找地敌人通讯装置，同时得到作战计划，CG动画结束会有几波敌人从另一个入口进来，慢慢解决掉他们，然后从他们进来的方向出去(对面楼上的狙击手，我是这时候才发现的，考虑子弹重量，远距离解决掉他)慢慢上来，在桥的方向远处楼上有两个敌人，用狙击枪解决他们吧。然后通过，按地图标示前进，会发现有辆敌人的卡车刚刚到，快速清光所有敌人，提示任务完成，按地图标示继续前进，任务OVER。第二节 Prevent Reinforcement雨天，任务开始时狙击几个坦克周围的敌人，大概6，7个吧，会有其他敌人从别的地方赶来，消灭掉后，快速靠近一辆破旧的小汽车，这时敌人的坦克应该会发现你，并向你射击，快速来到转角胡同，在正对面二楼玻璃窗内有个狙击手，消灭他，之后按绿色箭头，支线任务方向一直走，在路的尽头处，德国人和俄国人在打仗，都解决掉，大概4，5个人，然后继续按绿色箭头方向前进，会在路上发现一辆坦克，不要理他，在它旁边有个补给点，补给装备，同时小心远处的坦克，他会向你开火，尽量快速通过，不要理他，补给后继续按照绿色箭头方向前进，会在一条正对路边房间的后方发现门，进入上楼，从墙角洞内钻过去，会发现一个尸体，长按G搜索，从尸体上找到医疗补给药盒2个，之后再从另一个墙洞内钻过去，在路的方向可以狙击远处空地的两个敌人，注意不要被敌人的卡车发现，否则任务失败。卡车停下后，从远处会有敌人的军官赶过来，在他向回走要毁坏重要文件前，用狙击枪解决他，同时慢慢解决车上的敌人，确定敌人都被消灭后下楼。向军官出来的方向破屋内前进，得到大量武器弹药补给，出来后在3辆卡车周围分别安放TNT炸药，炸毁敌人卡车，接着就是原路返回起始地点，在刚刚坦克处会有敌人埋伏，同时可能身后还有两个敌人，解决他们后按原路返回，不要理向你开火的坦克。本节任务OVER。第三节 Anhalter Station任务开始在一个火车站对面，在原地不要动，解决远处月亮门内一个巡逻的敌人，之后再杀死门口的巡逻敌人。起身从楼侧月亮门进入，绕到火车站后方，在火车两侧有敌人，很容易解决掉。 然后在火车头附近安放TNT炸药，引爆，炸毁火车，从火车站正门出来，会在树下发现科学家，把他们弄到土山下面，解决掉几个杀出来的敌人。本节任务OVER。

A 试题分析：考查时态。宇宙的形成是过去发生的事情，故使用一般过去时。句意：科学家们有很多关于宇宙是如何形成的理论。根据句意说明A正确。点评：对于时态的考查要放个在具体的语境中，不能孤立，。

高中英语阅读理解及答案 　　英语阅读理解是高中英语考试中的常见题型，也是易错题，为了帮助大家提高英语阅读理解能力，我分享了一些高中英语阅读理解题，希望能对大家有所帮助! 　　Moderation 　　One should be moderate(适度) in all things. Moderation is always the safest way to do things and a virtue(品质)we should have. Let"s take the student life for example. There are some students who study too hard and play too little, while there are others who play too much and study too little. On one hand, it is harmful to his health if he has too few exercises, and on the other hand, it is harmful to his mind if he plays too much. 　　In the matter of eating, one also should be moderate. Do not eat too much or too little. Too much eating will make you sick, while too little eating will make you weak. 　　The man of progress is he who neither has too high an opinion of himself nor thinks too poorly of himself. If a man thinks too highly of himself, he is sure to become very proud, but if he has too poor an opinion of himself, he will have no courage to make an advance. Both the conditions above will make you lose your advancing aim. A broadminded man is he who always moves within the orbit (轨道)of reasonableness. Whether in any activities in life, moderation is one of the best ways to enjoy real happiness. 　　1.―Someone is moderate‖ means ______ . 　　A.he walks neither too fast nor too slowly 　　B.he has good characters and good ways to do things 　　C.he is not only safe but also successful 　　D.he is either tall or short 　　2.The writer suggests that a student should ______ . 　　A.have much more time to study than to play 　　B.spend most of the time playing different games 　　C.only study hard without any time to play 　　D.correctly arrange (安排)his time for study and play 　　3. Moderate eating means ______ . 　　A.eating as much food as one can if the food is tasty B.eating food rich of fat 　　C.eating a proper amount of food D.eating either too much or too little 　　4.If one wants to be broad-minded, he must ______ . 　　A.believe in himself B.be full of courage 　　C.enjoy real happiness 　　D.do everything that is reasonable 　　答案：B D C D 　　long journey 　　Daniel Boone was born in the United States in 1734. He didn"t go to school and couldn"t read, although he learned all about the forests, streams and hunting. He could move silently like an Indian leaving no marks. He loved to live alone in the woods where nothing frightened him. 　　When he grew up, he married and tried to settle down on a farm. A year later, however, he wasn"t satisfied and decided to go into the unknown western lands, crossing the Appalachian Mountains. When he returned after two years, he became famous for his long journey. He brought valuable animal skins and told stories about the Indians. 　　After this, he chose to keep travelling to unknown places. Once he lost to the Indians in　battle and was taken away. The Indians liked him and became his friends. 　　Daniel Boone died at the age of 86 . He is remembered as an explorer(探险者)and a pioneer who lived an exciting life in the early years of American nation. 　　1.Daniel Boone"s early life was mainly spent in ______ . 　　A.learning about nature B.hunting with his friends 　　C.learning useful skills from the Indians 　　D.studying at home because he couldn"t go to school 　　2.When he got married, Daniel Boone first planned to ______. 　　A. set up a large farm B.go on a journey with his wife 　　C. find food, new land for his farm D.live a peaceful life with his family 　　3.Daniel Boone became famous because ______ . 　　A.he travelled a lot in the western lands 　　B.he was very good at telling stories 　　C.he found better animal skins than others 　　D.he was the first to climb the Appalachian Mountains 　　4.Why did the Indians want to make friends with him? 　　A.Because they wanted to learn from him. 　　B.Because he wanted to make peace with them. 　　C.Because they wanted to make friends with white people. D.No reason is told in this article. 　　5.In this article, Daniel Boone is best described as ______ . 　　A.warm-hearted B.strong C.careful D.brave 　　答案：ADADD 　　future 　　Scientists around the world have been studying the warming of waters in the Pacific Ocean known as El Nino. The appearance of El Nino is known to affect the weather around the world. Scientists still do not completely understand it. Yet they now find they can use it to tell about the future in different areas of the world. 　　One example is the work of two scientists at Columbia University in New York, Mark Cane and Gordon Eshel. A scientist of Zimbabwe, Roger Buckland worked with them. They have found that when El Nino appears, Zimbabwe has little or no rain. This means corn crops in Zimbabwe are poor. The last El Nino was in 1991 to 1993.That was when southeastern Africa suffered a serious lack of rain. 　　The scientists wrote about their recent work in the publication Nature. Their computer program can tell when an El Nino will develop up to a year before it does. They suggest that this could provide an effective early warning system for southern Africa, and could prevent many people from starving. 　　1.El Nino is known as ______ . 　　A.the changing of the weather in southern Africa 　　B.the warming of waters in the Pacific Ocean 　　C.the weather which brings drought(旱灾)to Africa 　　D.the weather phenomenon(现象)that brings heavy rains to Africa 2.Scientists study El Nino in order that ______ . 　　A.they can provide a kind of early warning to the place that will suffer from drought B.they can tell why Zimbabwe has little or no rain C.they can do some research work in this field. 　　D.they can put all this information into their computers. 3.Which of the following is true according to the article? A.Scientists come to understand how El Nino appears. B.Three scientists from the U.S.A. work on this subject. 　　C.Southern Africa suffered a serious drought and many people died from hunger. D.El Nino has something to do with Zimbabwe"s crops. 　　4.Which of the following is not true according to the article? A.The computer is used in this research work. 　　B.Scientists know when an El Nino appears by means of computer program. C.The scientists published their results of the research work. 　　D.Nature is the name of the article written recently by the scientists. 5.Choose the best title for this article. 　　A.Appearance of El Nino Predictable(可预报的) B.Drought in Zimbabwe C.Early warning system D.Weather in Africa 　　答案：BADDA ;

accab

nihao2006007 - 这小子也在词霸上找的你有答案我就不说了

虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在"Itisimportant(strange，natural，necessary)that…"这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should十动词原形”结构，表示某事是"重要"、"奇怪"、"自然"、"必要"等意义，should可以省略。

睡觉是你

C.A意为不尊敬的,B为随便的,C为有效的,D为准时的.句义是科学家们正在寻找更有效的办法来充分利用太阳能.

1.A 如何变化 2.c.重要 (天气在人们的日常生活中扮演重要角色） your brush teeth I go out to buy vegetables,and drop the trash by the way. at the earlist morning praise,1,1. how 2. important 天气对人们的生活来说是非常重要的。 photo of you, 如果 photo 在后面，就是 your , your photo brush one"s teeth I threw the rubbish by the time i went out and buy vegetable. early in the morning praise,2,在人们的日常生活中，天气扮演了一个很重要的角色。 weather palys a important part in people"s everyday life. 刷牙 brush one"s teeth 我出去买菜，顺便倒垃圾。 I will buy some food outside, and throw garbage by the way. 一大早 early morning 夸奖 admire,2,Scientists can know [how]the weather will change by studying satellites,and tell people in time . Weather plays a(n)[important] part in people"s everyday life. 科学家通过人造卫星了解气象如何改变。气象在人们的日常生活中很重要。,0,初二英语、. 选择. Scientists can know [1,]the weather will change by studying satellites,and tell people in time .Wwather plays a(n)[2..] part in people"s everyday life. 1.A.how B.which C.what d.that 2.A.easy B.usual C.important D. *** all[第二句话怎么翻译?] Photos of [](you/your) 汉译英. 刷牙（） 我出去买菜,顺便倒垃圾（） 一大早（） 夸奖（）

怎样运用案例分析法进行培训

鱼纲，海龙目，海马属动物的总称，属于硬骨鱼。海马因其头部酷似马头而得名，但有趣的是它却是一种奇特而珍贵的近陆浅海小型鱼类，隶属海龙目海龙科海马属头侧扁，头每侧有2个鼻孔，头与躯干成直角形，胸腹部凸出，由10～12个骨头环组成，一般体长10cm左右，尾部细长，具四棱，常呈卷曲状，全身完全由膜骨片包裹，有一无刺的背鳍，无腹鳍和尾鳍。雄性海马腹面有一个育儿囊，卵产于其内进行孵化，一年可繁殖2—3代。 目前人工养殖海马已获得成功。 海马是一种经济价值较高的名贵中药，具有强身健体、补肾壮阳、舒筋活络、消炎止痛、镇静安神、止咳平喘等药用功能，特别是对于治疗神经系统的疾病更为有效。海马除了主要用于制造各种合成药品外，还可以直接服用健体治病。 刺鱼目(Gasterosteiformes)海龙科(Syngnathidae)暖海生数种小型鱼类的统称。体包於骨环所形成的甲胄中，尾向前弯且能缠卷，头呈马头状而与身体形成一个角，吻呈长管状，口小。背鳍一个，均为鳍条组成。眼可以各自独立活动。体型各异，长约4～30公分(1.5～12吋)。游泳力差，一般生活於沿岸带，在海藻或其他水生植物间，以尾部攀缠其上。游泳时保持直立状态，靠各鳍推进和改变鳔中的含气量而上升或下沉。以口快速吸入小生物为食。雄鱼携带受精卵，雌鱼将卵产于雄鱼尾部的育儿囊中，直到孵化。幼鱼孵出时，雄鱼扭曲身体，将仔鱼从育儿囊的唯一开口放出。海马是稀奇的水族箱观赏动物。其种类有产於大西洋的小海马(Hippocampus zosterae)，比别的种体小；欧洲的褐海马(H. ramulosus或H. guttulatus)；太平洋产的大海马(H. kuda)；澳大利亚的中型怀特海马(H. whitei)。[编辑本段]【形状】 海马的形状非常有趣，虽然身长只有四至三十公分，它的头部弯曲与体近直角，鱼体粗侧扁，完全包于骨环中;躯干部由10-12节骨环组成;尾部细长呈四棱形，尾端细尖，能卷曲握；头部弯曲，与躯干部成一大钝角或直角，顶部具突出冠，冠端具小棘;吻呈管状;口小，端位;鳃Hippocampus erectus,海马的一种。孔小;背鳍位于躯干及尾部之间;臀鳍短小;胸鳍发达;无尾鳍;雄鱼尾部腹侧具育儿囊。 它的嘴是尖尖的管形，口不能张合，因此只能吸食水中的小动物为食物。它的一双眼睛，也是特别之处 ; 可以分别地各自向上下、左右或前后转动。然而，它本身的身体却不用转动，即可用伶俐的眼睛向各方观看。有时候，一只眼向前看，另一只眼向后看，除了蜻蜒和变色龙之外，这是其它动物所不能做到的。海马是最不像鱼的鱼类，集合了马、虾、象三种动物的特征于一身。它有马形的头，蜻蜒的眼睛，跟虾一样的身子，还有一个像象鼻一般的尾巴，皇冠式的角棱，头与身体成直角的弯度，以及被甲胄的身体，还有垂直游泳的方式，和世界上惟一雄性产子的案例。 它的鳍用肉眼是不太容易看出来的。但用高速摄影，注意观察，可看到一根根活动的棘条。这些棘条能在一秒钟内，来回活动七十次的速度。依据从背鳍端传到另一端的波浪，海马能乘着此进行波，自由自在地作前后或上下的移动。 海马尾部的构造和功能与其他鱼类迥异。栖止时的海马，利用尾部具有卷曲的能力，使尾端得以缠附在海藻的茎枝上。故海马多栖息在深海藻类繁茂之外。游泳的姿态也很特别，头部向上，体稍斜直立于水中，完全依靠背鳍和胸鳍来进行运动，扇形的背鳍起着波动推进的作用。[编辑本段]【生活环境】 海马和海龙同属海龙科（Syngnathidae）鱼类，对饲养生存的水质要求并不苛刻。在国内水族市场比较多见的是黑海马（Hippocampus Histrix）、灰海马（Hippocampus Erectus）和斑节海马（Dunkerocampus Dactyliophorus），比较名贵的红海马（Hippocampus Coronatus）、黄金海马（Hippocampus Kuda）和产于澳洲的桨鳍龙王（Pyhllopteryx Taeniolatus）并不多见。 在自然海域中，海马通常喜欢生活在珊瑚礁的缓流中，因为它们不善于游水，故而经常用它那适宜抓握的尾部紧紧勾勒住珊瑚的枝节、海藻的叶片上，将身体固定，以使不被激流冲走。而大多数种类的海龙生长在河口与海的交界处，因而，它们能适应不同浓度的海水区域，甚至在淡水中也能存活。 海马和海龙的嘴很小，并且只宜觅食活饵，而不善于游水的它们又不能迅捷地捕食。尽管它们深受海水水族爱好者的宠爱，但是，这种独特的习性，使得它们在水族箱里的饲养存活颇具难度。虽然，丰年虾、轮虫、仔鱼苗，都是适合它们的饵料，但是如何才能使它们能够充分的觅食，这一点是海马和海龙饲养存活的关键所在，喂食过程中需要关闭过滤系统造就一个平静的无流环境，以便它们能够慢丝条理的觅食，还有一点就是它们的生活伙伴--如果，将海马、海龙和较为活泼的鱼类饲养在一起，那么在喂食过程中，绝大多数的活饵将是被那些鱼类所抢先吞噬……因此，要成功地饲养海马和海龙，根据我的经验，最好还是将它们单独饲养在水流平缓、环境安静的海藻造景缸中，同时，选择虾鱼科（Centriscidae）的刀片鱼（Aeoliscus Strigatus）、松球鱼科（Monocentridae）的凤梨鱼（Monocentris Japonica）等等这些生活习性差不多的小巧鱼类共同饲养，它们将是海马和海龙良好的生活伙伴。[编辑本段]【生育】 海马和海龙的雌雄鉴别很简单，就是雄鱼有腹囊（俗称：育儿袋），而雌鱼没有腹囊。 海马并不是雌雄同体,海马只是雄性孵化。 每年的5月—8月是海马的繁殖期，这期间海马妈妈把卵产在海马爸爸腹部的育儿袋中，卵经过50—60天，幼鱼就会从海马爸爸的育儿袋中生出，所以说是海马爸爸负责育儿，而不是真的由爸爸生小孩，爸爸的育儿袋只是起到了孵化器的作用，卵还是来源于妈妈。 8～9月为盛产期，渔民常于此时用张网捕捉。[编辑本段]【种类】 ▲1.克氏海马Hippocampus kelloggi Jordan & Snyder--脊椎动物门Vertebrata，鱼纲Pisces，幅鳍亚纲Actinopterygii，海龙目Syngnathiformes，海龙科Syngnathidae 海栖鱼类。海马中以此种体形最大，体长30～33厘米。侧扁，腹部颇凸出。背鳍18～19；臀鳍4；胸鳍18。体环11+39～40。躯干部骨环呈七棱形，尾部骨环呈四棱形，尾端卷曲。除头部及腹侧棱棘较发达外，体上各棱棘均短钝，呈瘤状。头冠低小，尖端具5个短小棘，略向后方弯曲。吻细长，呈管状；吻长稍大于眶后头部长度，约等于眼后缘颈背第一棘长。眼较大，侧上位。眼间隔小于眼径，微隆起。鼻孔很小，每侧两个，相距甚近，位于眼前方。口小，位于吻端；张开时，略呈半圆形。无牙。鳃盖凸出，无放射状嵴纹。鳃孔小，位于头侧之背后方。紧靠于颈部背方第一棘基底。颈部背方中央嵴纹较锐，具2突起状棘；具颊下棘；胸鳍基部下前方，亦有短钝粗强的棘。肛门位于躯干第十一骨环的腹侧下方。体无鳞，完全为骨质环所包。体上各环棱棘均不发达，呈短钝瘤状；唯腹侧棱棘突出，腹下嵴不甚突出。背鳍长，较发达，有18～19鳍条，位于躯干最后2骨环及尾部最前2骨环背方。臀鳍短小，位于肛门后方。胸鳍短宽，略呈扇形，侧位。无腹鳍及尾鳍。各鳍无棘，鳍条不分枝。体淡黄褐色，体侧具不甚规则或呈囊纹状的白色斑点及线纹。 ▲2.刺海马Hippocampus histrix Kaup--海龙科Syngnathidae 体形较大，体长20～24厘米。背鳍18；臀鳍4；胸鳍18。体环11+35～36。头冠不高，尖端具4～5细而尖锐的小棘。吻细长，呈管状；吻长大于或等于眶后之头长。体上各骨环接结处及头部的小棘特别发达，仅后部尾环的小棘不甚明显。这是刺海马有别于其他种类的特征。体为淡黄褐色，背鳍近尖端具一纵列斑点，臀、胸鳍淡色，体上小棘尖端呈黑色。 分布于我国广东沿海及福建；日本、朝鲜[/url]、印度、新加坡、印度尼西亚、东非和红海。 ▲3.大海马 Hippocampus kuda Bleeker--海龙科Syngnathidae 体形亦较大，体长20～24厘米。背鳍17；臀鳍4；胸鳍16。体环11+35～36。头冠较低，顶端具5个短钝粗棘。吻呈管状，吻长恰等于眶后头长。头部及体环与尾环上的小棘均不甚明显。体呈黑褐色，头部及体侧有细小暗黑色斑点且猕散有细小的银白色斑点，背鳍有黑色纵列斑纹，臀、胸鳍淡色。 ▲4.三斑海马Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach--海龙科Syngnathidae 体形较大，体长10～18厘米；背鲁鳍20～21；臀鳍4；胸鳍17～18。体环11+40～41。头冠短小，顶端具5个短小突棘。吻管较短，不及头长的1/2。体节1、4、7、11骨环，尾节1、5、9、13、17骨环，背方接结呈隆起状嵴，背侧方棘亦较其他种类为大。体黄褐色乃至黑褐色，眼上具放射状褐色斑纹，体侧背方第1、4、7节小棘基部各具一大黑斑，是三斑海马与其他种类的明显特征。 分布于我S肽虾！⒏＝ㄓ牍愣睾?包括海南岛)均有出产；此外还分布于东非、新加坡及东印度群岛的沿海。 ▲5.小海马 Hippocampus japonicum Kaup. 体形很小,略侧扁。头部小刺及体环上棱棘发达。体冠较小,有不突出的钝棘。吻短口小。鳃盖突出而光滑,鳃孔小,位于鳃盖后方。体暗褐色,有时可随环境而变化。[编辑本段]【采制、产地、养殖】 ▲采制 全年皆产，通常以8～9月产量最大。渔民捕鱼时和鱼一同捕上，将内脏除去，晒干，或除去外部黑灰色皮膜，除去内脏，将尾盘卷，晒干，选择大小相似者用红线扎成对。捕捞海马多用刺网、围网或拖网，加工方法很简单，洗净晒干就可。小形甲壳动物是海马的饵料。 ▲产地 1. 海马：主产于广东阳江、雷东、海康、惠阳、宝安、湛江、海丰，福建平潭、漳浦、莆田、东山、晋江、南安、福清，海南岛海口，台湾，澎湖群岛等沿海一带，以广东产量最大，销全国各地；此外日本、马来亚、东印度、夏威夷等沿海一带也有产，从前有部分进口，现在已停止。 2. 刺海马：主产于福建莆田、同安、诏安，广东沿海及海南岛，山东日照、胶南、青岛、烟台，辽宁旅大、压河、安东，河北乐亭、黄骅、唐山、秦皇岛等沿海一带，销全国各地。 3. 海蛆：与海马同 海马全世界都有分布，但以热带种类数量较多。海马通常生活在沿海海藻丛生或岸礁多的海区，或附着于漂浮物上随波逐流，可用背鳍摆动直立游泳，以小型甲壳类为食。海南岛四周沿海和西南沙群岛近海都十分适宜海马的繁衍生长共有十余个品种，但药用价值较高的为斑海马、刺海马、日本海马、大海马等品种。目前人工养殖海马已获得成功，海南可因地制宜发展这一名特优品种养殖。 ▲价值，销售、鉴别 海马是一种经济价值较高的名贵中药，具有强身健体、补肾壮阳、舒筋活络、消炎止痛、镇静安神、止咳平喘等药用功能，特别是对于治疗神经系统的疾病更为有效，自古以来备受人们的青睐，男士们更是情有独钟。因此海马国内外市场需求量很大，据介绍，仅中国内地、香港和台湾地区以及新加坡每年销售的海马就达1600万能只左右。因此，在海南购买质优价廉的海马已成为许多中外游客来琼的一项购物活动内容。[编辑本段]【中药价值】 △[化学成份] 含氨基酸及蛋白质、脂肪酸、甾体和无机元素。三斑海马含硬脂酸、胆固醇、胆固二醇等;线纹海马和刺海马尚含乙酰胆碱脂酶、胆碱脂酶、蛋白酶。 △[药材鉴别] 1. 海马：体呈长形，略弯曲或卷曲，长8～23厘米，上部粗而扁方，直径约2.3厘米，下部细而方，直径约1厘米，尾端略尖而弯曲。头似马头，具管状的长嘴，有2只深陷的眼睛。表面黄白色或灰棕色，略有光泽，上部具6棱，下部有4棱，密生突起的横纹，边缘有齿，背部有鳍。骨质坚硬，难折断。气微腥，味微咸。 2. 刺海马：形状与海马相似，但较小，长约15厘米，通体具硬刺，刺长2～4毫米。其余同上种。 以上两种均以个大、色白、体全、头尾无碎者为佳。 3.海蛆 即小海马。将幼小的海马晒干，商品上称为海蛆。形状与海马相似，但体形较小。(照片右下) 以上三种药材的检索表： 1. 体长7厘米以上..2.体无硬而长的刺………………………………海马 2.体具硬而长的刺…………………………………………刺海马 1. 体长7厘米以下 不具硬而长的刺…………………………海蛆 △效用： [性味] 甘温。 [功用] 补肾壮阳，消症瘕。 [主治] 肾虚阳痿、难产、症瘕、疔疮肿毒等症。 [用量] 3.5g～10g。 [禁忌] 阴虚有热者不宜。 属鱼纲，海龙科。又名龙落子，是珍贵药材，有健身、催产、消痛、强心、散结、消肿、舒筋活络、止咳平喘的功效。有"北方人参，南方海马"之说。海马除了主要用于制造各种合成药品外，还可以直接服用健体治病。服用方法主要有如下几种：1.将海马烘干研成粉末，用纯正的米酒浸泡一个月，每晚临睡前饮一小杯；2.配以当归、北芪、党参、淮山、红枣、杞子等中药和鸡肉炖汤，当作家常滋补品食用；3.每次用一个猪肾，从中间将其剖开，夹住1-2只海马,盛在一个瓷盅中隔水清炖，晚上临睡前食用。[编辑本段]海马现代药理作用 l、性激素样作用：海马的乙醇提取物(即“海马酒”)既能诱发和延长雌性小鼠的动情期，使子宫和卵巢的重量增加，又能使雄鼠前列腺、精囊、提肛肌的重量明显增加，表现为雄激素样作用。 2、抗衰老：海马能增强小鼠耐缺氧性，减少单胺氧化酶的活性，降低过氧化脂体在体内的含量。此外，各种海马提取物均有钙通道阻断剂的作用。通过阻断钙内流，达到保护神经元的功效。 3、具有抗癌活性：[编辑本段]海马食疗 木香汤 原料：雌雄海马各1只，木香30g，炒大黄、炒白牵牛子各60g，巴豆49粒，青皮60g。 制法：用童尿浸软木香、大黄、白牵牛，用之包裹巴豆，再放入童尿内浸泡7日，取出用麸炒黄色，去巴豆不用，取青皮共研成粉， (海马亦捣粉)。每日水煎服1次，每次6g，睡前温服。主治多年虚实积聚症块。 海马酒 原料：海马50g，白酒500ml。 制法：将海马研碎浸泡于酒中，历10日后饮用。每日2次，每次lOml。 功效：温肾壮阳，活血散寒。适用于肾阳虚亏所致的畏寒腰酸，神疲乏力，阳痿早泄，男子不育，尿急尿频及跌打损伤等。 备注：海马酒，性味甘，温，功能温肾壮阳，调气活血，临床上常用于肾阳虚亏所致的阳痿早泄，腰酸不育及跌打损伤等症，具有良好的补益强壮的功效。 海马童子鸡 原料：童子鸡1只，海马lOg，虾仁lOOg，料酒、盐、味精、葱、姜等各适量。 制法：童子鸡去毛及内脏，将鸡放入蒸钵内，虾仁放在鸡周围，加葱姜，料酒，盐，味精等，上笼蒸熟，吃鸡肉，虾仁，饮汤。 功效：补精益气，温中壮阳。适用于气虚，阳虚，体质虚弱，乏力怕冷，早泄等。 备注：海马性味甘，温，有补肾壮阳，调气活血之功，虾肉补肾壮阳，童子鸡益气补精。三味配伍，不仅肉质细嫩而鲜美，气味芳香，营养丰富，而且有较好的温肾壮阳补虚的功效，是肾阳虚，阳痿，早泄，体质虚弱者调补佳品。 海马童子鸡盖交饭 原料：童子鸡250g，海马3g，虾仁50g，葱、姜、料酒、盐、味精各适量，粳米饭250g。 制法：鸡肉洗净，切小块，放入炖盅内；海马，虾仁用温水浸泡10分钟，放于鸡肉上。再放葱、姜、料酒和少量水，上笼蒸熟，取出。去葱、姜，加盐和味精，并用湿淀粉勾芡，然后“盖”在热粳米饭上。 功效：补肾壮阳，调气活血。适用于肾阳虚，阳痿，遗尿，虚喘等。 备注：海马与虾仁配伍，能增强海马的补肾壮阳之功。童子鸡有温中，益气，补虚的作用，配以粳米更可健脾益气，脾胃同补，能治肾阳虚所致的阳痿等症。但阴虚火旺者忌食。 海马散 原料：海马l对(雌雄各1只)。 制法：将海马炙焦，研末，每日睡前服1．5g。主治阳痿，虚烦不眠，神经衰弱等。 海马平喘散 原料：海马5g，当归10g。 制法：先将海马捣碎，加当归和水，共煎2次。每日分2次服。主治肾虚哮喘。 还童丹 原料：海马l对，沉香、白茯苓、木通、熟地、晚蚕蛾、桑螵蛸、巴戟、安息香、益智仁、牛膝、葫芦巴各37g，木香55g，红花，没药，莲子芯，净莲肉，细墨，龙骨，朱砂各18g，菟丝子 26g，苁蓉39g，破故纸，青盐各llg，麝香3g，母丁香26g。 制法：海马微炙炒；巴戟酒浸去心，牛膝，胡芦巴，菟丝子，苁蓉，破故纸分别酒浸；没药研末；龙骨煅灰；安息香研细。 以上各品共捣为粉，酒糊为丸，如梧桐子大。每日服1次，每次30丸，渐加至50丸，空腹用温酒或温开水送服，夏季可用清茶送服更佳。主治阳痿，早泄，肾阳不固，气血不足，筋骨不壮，食少，早衰等症。 立嗣丹 原料：海马1对，石燕9g，阳起石9g，全蝎1只，蛤蚧9g，鹿茸9g，大麻子9g，肉苁蓉9g，龙脑香0．3g，麝香0．3g。 制法：石燕炒7次，全蝎炒熟，蛤蚧用酒炙至黄色，大麻子去油，肉苁蓉用酒浸一夜，焙干。以上各品共研细末和匀，再用甘草熬膏制成丸，如梧桐子大，每日1次，每次9丸，用盐酒送服，睡前服。主治阳痿 海马追风膏 原料：制乳香、制没药各130g，海马、豹骨、当归、紫荆皮，透骨草，牛膝、白附子各 120g，赤芍，骨碎补、穿山甲、桂枝、制川乌各 60g，红花、追地风、千年健、血竭各30g。 制法：先将乳香，没药，海马，血竭等分别捣碎研末，和匀，其它各品入油(麻油)锅炸焦，去渣，加适量广丹熬至滴水成珠状，再加入已研碎之品，边熬边和匀，趁热排在红棉布上。每张膏45-60g，使用时先温热，使膏药变软，贴穴位患处，每周换药1次。主治风寒湿痹，肩背疼痛，腿疼腿软，筋骨疼痛等，但孕妇忌贴肚腹。 三鞭酒 原料：鹿鞭、海狗鞭、狗鞭，蛤蚧，海马，鹿茸，人参，青桂花，沉香，龙骨，阳起石，覆盆子，桑螵蛸。 制法：共切碎浸入酒中，10日后饮酒。每日2次，每次50ml，早晚服。主治肾虚遗精，阳痿，神经衰弱，腰背酸痛，贫血头晕，惊悸健忘，自汗盗汗等。 龟龄集酒(又名“老君益寿散”、“鹤龄丹”) 原料：鹿茸100g，人参100g，熟地30g，山甲40g，肉苁蓉40g，杜仲20g，枸杞子20g，海马 50g，蚕蛾10g，锁阳20g，急性子20g，黑附子100g，生地40g，麻雀脑20g，甘草10g，川牛膝 20g，青盐40g，补骨脂20g．硫磺2g，细辛10g，石燕50g，地骨皮20g，天门冬20g，大蜻蜓20g，淫羊藿20g，砂仁20g，菟丝子30g，公丁香15g，白酒10000ml。 制法：上述各品切成碎片，一起放入酒中密封浸泡15日后饮用，每日2次，每次10-20ml。 功效：大补元阳，益肾固本。适用于肾阳虚亏，命门之火不足所致的神疲乏力，头晕耳鸣，畏寒肢冷，腰膝酸软，筋骨酸痛，阳痿早泄，男子不育，女子不孕等。[编辑本段]【大脑海马】 上个世纪50年代，科学家发现大脑中的“海马区”在存储信息的过程中扮演着至关重要的角色——如果切除掉海马区，但以前的记忆不会一同消失。海马区的神经细胞如何把信息固定下来？科学家发现一些分子参与到了记忆的形成。此外，神经细胞突触地形成也与记忆相关联。但是，科学家目前对于记忆的运作机制的了解还不够——而这一机制对于理解我们自身是非常重要的。 海马体主要负责学习和记忆（负责记忆的形成），日常生活中的短期记忆都储存在海马体中，如果一个记忆片段，比如一个电话号码或者一个人在短时间内被重复提及的话海马体就会将其转存入大脑皮层，成为永久记忆。所以海马体比较发达的人，记忆力相对会比较强一些。存入海马体的信息如果一段时间没有被使用的话，就会自行被“删除”，也就是被忘掉了。而存入大脑皮层的信也息并不就是永久不会给忘掉了，当你长时间不使用该信息的话大脑皮层也许就会把这个信息给“删除”掉了。有些人的海马体受伤后就会出现失去部分或全部记忆的状况。这全取决于伤害的严重性，也就是海马体是部分失去作用还是彻底失去作用了。 阿尔兹海默病 俗称 老年痴呆 就是由于大脑的海马区发生病变引起的记忆形成性障碍。因此许多患有阿尔兹海默病 的人对患病前的记忆仍有清晰的印象。