孔子会英语吗，英语是怎么来的

Confucius专业英语名词。

1、知之者，不如好之者，好之者，不如乐之者。 He who knows is not as good as he who knows, nor as happy as he who knows. 2、性相近也，习相远也。 Sex is similar, habits are far. 3、人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？ Is it not a gentleman who does not know and is stunned? 4、君子以文会友，以友辅仁。 Gentlemen make friends by means of literature and help others by means of friends. 5、逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜。 Dead people like this, day and night. 6、关睢乐而不淫，哀而不伤。 Guan Sui is happy but not lustful, sad but not sad. 7、三军可夺师也，匹夫不可夺志也。 The three armies can seize divisions, but no man can seize aspirations. 8、三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。 Among any three people walking, I will find something to learn for sure. Choose the good and follow it, and change the bad. 9、温故而知新，可以为师矣。 He who by reviewing the old can gain knowledge of the new and is fit to be a teacher. 10、敏而好学，不耻下问。 Be sensitive and eager to learn, and not ashamed to ask. 11、过而不改，是谓过矣。 It"s too late to change. 12、学而时习之，不亦说乎？ Is it true to learn from time to time? 13、默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉。 What is it for me to know, to learn and not to tire of teaching tirelessly? 14、不患人之不己知，患不知人也。 No one knows, no one knows. 15、父在，观其志。父没，观其行。三年无改于父之道，可谓孝矣。 The father is there, watching his ambition. Father did not, watch his deeds. It can be said that filial piety has not changed from father"s way in three years. 16、学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is perilous. 17、我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。 I am not born to know. I am old and eager for it. 18、唯女子与小人，为难养也。近之则不孙，远之则怨。 Only women and villains are difficult to support. Near is Sun, far is resentment. 19、己所不欲，勿施于人。 Do what you don"t want to do to others.

孔子的名言 英语 　　学而时习之，不亦说乎? 　　Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseveranceand application? 　　温故而知新，可以为师矣。 　　If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others. 　　学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 　　Learning without thought is labourlost; thought without learning is perilous. 　　敏而好学，不耻下问。 　　He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning, and he was not ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors. 　　十室之邑，必有忠信，如丘者焉，不如丘之好学也。 　　In a hamlet of ten families, there may be found one honourable and sincere as I am, but not so fond of learning. 　　知之者，不如好之者，好之者，不如乐之者。 　　They who know the truth are not equal to those who love it, and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in it. 　　默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉。 　　The silent treasuring up of knowledge; learning without satiety; and instructing others without being wearied -- which one of these things belongs to me? 　　有教无类。 　　In teaching there should be no distinction of classes. 　　当仁，不让于师。 　　When it comes to benevolence, one need not give precedence even to his teacher. 　　我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。 　　I am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge; I am one who is fond of antiquity, and earnest in seeking it there. 　　三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。 　　When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them. 　　学如不及，犹恐失之。 　　Learn as if you could not reach your object, and were always fearing also lest you should lose it.

有教无类。In teaching there should be no distinction of classes.当仁，不让于师。When it comes to benevolence, one need not give precedence even to his teacher.学而时习之，不亦说乎？Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseveranceand application?温故而知新，可以为师矣。If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。Learning without thought is labourlost; thought without learning is perilous.敏而好学，不耻下问。He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning, and he was not ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors.十室之邑，必有忠信，如丘者焉，不如丘之好学也。In a hamlet of ten families, there may be found one honourable and sincere as I am, but not so fond of learning.知之者，不如好之者，好之者，不如乐之者。They who know the truth are not equal to those who love it, and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in it.默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉。The silent treasuring up of knowledge; learning without satiety; and instructing others without being wearied -- which one of these things belongs to me?我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。I am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge; I am one who is fond of antiquity, and earnest in seeking it there.三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.学如不及，犹恐失之。Learn as if you could not reach your object, and were always fearing also lest you should lose it.

网上有现成的, 请参考.When Socrates Meets Confucius　　　As is known to all, there were two sages around the same time who were comparable to each other. One was Confucius, in China, and the other was the ancient Greek thinker, Socrates, whom, up to now, are still praised by the whole world. They both had philosophies that stood out among human beings and both had great influence on us and continue to have that influence. They are not only great philosophers, but also maestros in many fields, especially the area of education.　　　Though they lived in almost the same time, they were from two completely separate parts of the world. But still, as the saying goes, great minds think alike. These two maestros had a lot in common when it comes to education. Does it ever occur to you what kind of sparks would have been created if they had met each other? 　　　In the respect of teaching subjects, they were both well aware that there was no such thing as a distinction between classes or races of people, which made civilization and education universal to a great extent. I dare say they would have fully supported each other in this point of view. 　　　And they would be of one mind when it comes to the function of education. Both of them attach great importance to acquired education and consider the purpose of education to be a form of nurture for people to gain political integrity and professional competence.　　　In regards to their teaching methods, these two mentors both paid attention to developing the students" thinking ability through inspirational teaching ways, called heuristic teaching, or elicitation method. They saw eye to eye in this viewpoint, a viewpoint that has an enormous impact on modern education. 　　　Because of the differences between their two political systems and social environments, they also disagreed with each other on many perspectives, but, regardless, I think these two maestros would work it out. 　　　Thank you for taking your time.

一般认为古英语出现在公元450年左右，而孔子出生在公元前551年，当时还没有英语，所以孔子肯定是不会英语的。

Y吧的筒子们 帮忙！

One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human"s behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government. In other words, it"s about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K"ung Ch"iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district.

　　学而时习之，不亦说乎? 　　Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseveranceand application? 　　温故而知新，可以为师矣。 　　If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others. 　　学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 　　Learning without thought is labourlost; thought without learning is perilous. 　　敏而好学，不耻下问。 　　He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning, and he was not ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors. 　　十室之邑，必有忠信，如丘者焉，不如丘之好学也。 　　In a hamlet of ten families, there may be found one honourable and sincere as I am, but not so fond of learning. 　　知之者，不如好之者，好之者，不如乐之者。 　　They who know the truth are not equal to those who love it, and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in it. 　　默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉。 　　The silent treasuring up of knowledge; learning without satiety; and instructing others without being wearied -- which one of these things belongs to me? 　　有教无类。 　　In teaching there should be no distinction of classes. 　　当仁，不让于师。 　　When it comes to benevolence, one need not give Pcedence even to his teacher. 　　我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。 　　I am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge; I am one who is fond of antiquity, and earnest in seeking it there. 　　三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。 　　When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them. 　　学如不及，犹恐失之。 　　Learn as if you could not reach your object, and were always fearing also lest you should lose it.

1、士志于道，而耻恶衣恶食者，未足与议也。 Scholars aspire to Tao, but those who disgrace evil clothes and food are not enough to discuss. 2、见善无不及，见不善如探汤。 Seeing good is better than seeing bad. 3、君子如欲化民成俗，其必由学乎！ If a gentleman wants to turn folklore into a custom, he must learn from it! 4、岁寒，然后知松柏之后凋也。 Only in cold winter does one know that the pine and the cypress are the last to shed their leaves. 5、其身正，不令而行；其身不正，虽令不从。 If he is in a right position, he will not act accordingly; if he is in a wrong position, he will not obey. 6、君子尊贤而容众，嘉善而矜不能。 A gentleman is respectful and tolerant, but kind and reserved. 7、夫达也者，质直而好义。察言而观色，虑以下人。 Fudaye, straight and righteous. Look at what you say and look at what you see. Consider the following people. 8、轻千乘之国，而重一言之信。 A thousand times lighter than a thousand, but one word more. 9、有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？见利思义，见危授命。 It is such a delight to have friends ing from afar? See profit, see danger and give orders. 10、君子耻其言而过其行。 A gentleman is ashamed of his words and deeds. 11、学而不厌，诲人不倦。 Never be contented with your study; never be impatient with your teaching. 12、士而怀居，不足为士矣！ It is not enough for a scholar to live in his home. 13、饭疏食、饮水，曲肱而枕之，乐亦在其中矣。 Eating sparsely, drinking water, bending the brachium and pillow, music is also in it. 14、君子矜而不争，群而不党。 A gentleman is reserved but not contentious, but a group is not a party. 15、不义而富且贵，于我如浮云。 Unrighteousness, wealth and wealth are like clouds to me. 16、敏而好学，不耻下问。 Be sensitive and eager to learn, and not ashamed to ask. 17、志士仁人，无求生以害仁，有杀身以成仁。 People with lofty ideals are benevolent. They do not seek survival to harm benevolence. They kill themselves to bee benevolent. 18、君子周而不比，小人比而不周。 A gentleman is more than a gentleman, but a villain is less than a gentleman. 19、可以托六尺之孤，可以寄百里之命，临大节而不可夺也。 You can support a six-foot solitary, you can send a hundred-mile order, facing the big festival and can not be seized. 20、三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也。 The three armies can seize manders, but no man can seize aspirations. 21、君子和而不同，小人同而不和。 Gentlemen differ from each other, and villains differ from each other. 22、不患人之不己知，患不知人也。 No one knows, no one knows. 23、学如不及，犹恐失之。 If you fail to learn, you are afraid of losing it. 24、学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is perilous. 25、君于疾没世而名不称焉。 You are not famous for your death. 26、性相近也，习相远也。 Sex is similar, habits are far. 27、有君子之道四焉：其行己也恭，其事上也敬，其养民也惠，其使民也义。 There are four ways for a gentleman: he is respectful in his actions, respectful in his deeds, benefiting his people, and righteous in his actions. 28、质胜文则野，文胜质则史。文质彬彬，然后君子。 Quality is better than literature, but history is better than literature. Gentleman, then gentleman. 29、始吾于人也，听其言而信其行。今吾于人也，听其言而观其行。 I start with people, listen to what they say and believe in what they do. Today, I am also in the person, listen to his words and watch his actions.

这个是我在网上找到得，希望对你有帮助。Confucius(Chinese:孔夫子;pinyin:KǒngFūzǐ;Wade-Giles:K"ung-fu-tzu),lit."MasterKong,"[1](September28,551BC–479BC)wasaChinesethinkerandsocialphilosopher,whoseteachingsandphilosophyhavedeeplyinfluencedChinese,Korean,Japanese,TaiwaneseandVietnamesethoughtandlife.Hisphilosophyemphasizedpersonalandgovernmentalmorality,correctnessofsocialrelationships,justiceandsincerity.ThesevaluesgainedprominenceinChinaoverotherdoctrines,suchasLegalism(法家)orTaoism(道家)duringtheHanDynasty[2][3][4](206BC–220AD).Confucius"thoughtshavebeendevelopedintoasystemofphilosophyknownasConfucianism(儒家).ItwasintroducedtoEuropebytheJesuitMatteoRicci,whowasthefirsttoLatinisethenameas"Confucius."HisteachingsmaybefoundintheAnalectsofConfucius(论语),acollectionof"briefaphoristicfragments",whichwascompiledmanyyearsafterhisdeath.ModernhistoriansdonotbelievethatanyspecificdocumentscanbesaidtohavebeenwrittenbyConfucius,[5][6]butfornearly2,000yearshewasthoughttobetheeditororauthorofalltheFiveClassics[7][8]suchastheClassicofRites(editor),andtheSpringandAutumnAnnals(春秋)(author).

孔子名言英语翻译如下：1、性相近也，习相远也。By nature， men are nearly alike； by practice， they get to be wide apar.2、过而不改，是谓过矣。Not to mend the fault one has made is to err indeed.3、己所不欲，勿施于人。What you do not want done to yourself， do not do to others.

孔子东游，见两小儿辩斗，问其故。一儿曰：“我以日始出时去人近，而日中时远也。”一儿以日初出远，而日中时近也。一儿曰：“日初出大如车盖，及日中则如盘盂，此不为远者小而近者大乎？”一儿曰：“日初出沧沧凉凉，及其日中如探汤，此不为近者热而远者凉乎？”孔子不能决也。两小儿笑曰：“孰为汝多知乎？”KongziDongYu,seethetwochildrenfightingdebate,askedwhy.Onechildsaid:"WhenIgotoonedaybeforetheclose,whileJapanisalsothetimeaway."Achildtothebeginningofadayaway,whileJapan,withtheapproachalso.Onechildsaid:"thebeginningofthedayasbigascarcovers,andJapanislikeplatespoons,thisisnotnearlyasmuchbythosesmallandlargealmost?"Onechildsaid:"thebeginningoftheCangCangcoolday,andJapan,suchasExplorationofsoup,thisisnotnearlyfararethosehotandcoldDown?"Confuciuscannotmusthave.Twochildrenlaughedandsaid:"AseveryoneknowsalmostasmuchRu?"

您好：One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human"s behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government. In other words, it"s about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K"ung Ch"iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district.希望对您的学习有帮助【满意请采纳】O(∩_∩)O谢谢欢迎追问O(∩_∩)O~祝学习进步~

Confuius"s given name is Qiu, also styled Zhongni. He was born in QuFu, China, 551 B.C., and died in 479 B.C.. Confucius founded confuciansism--the famous philosophical school in the history of China. The kernel of his thought is Ren(benevolence), its form of expression is Li(the Rites). Confucius travlled from one state to another preaching his doctrines until he was old. He spent his last years in compiling and editing. His works include Book of Spring and Autumn, Book of Odes, Book of History, Book of Rites, Book of Music and Book of change. These six books regarded as the classical works of Confucianism have been handed down to the present time. He founded the first private school in Chinese history. He was the teacher of 3,000 disciples among whom 72 were Sages. His major sayings were written down in Lun Yu (The Analects), one of the Four Books. Confucius lived in the late Spring and Autumn period(770-476 B.C). In his last years he lived in relative poverty and no longer enjoyed great fame. But after his death, his thought continued to influence the Chinese people for over 2,500 years. His doctrine on morality and ethics has had a great effect on their ideology, strenthening the unity of the nation and making it known to the world for its courteous dealing and solemn rites. Confucius said, "Let there be three men walking together: from the nmuber I should be sure to find my instructor." "To make accomplishment you must help others to be accomplished too." "Never be satiated with you knowledge and never be tired of teaching."... Today, these philosophical sayings are still shining brilliantly. In the long span of the Chinese history, the descendants of the Yellow Emperor have been righteously proud of the existence of the outstanding Confucius.

您好：One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human"s behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government. In other words, it"s about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K"ung Ch"iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district.希望对您的学习有帮助【满意请采纳】O(∩_∩)O谢谢欢迎追问O(∩_∩)O~祝学习进步~

According to tradition, Confucius was born in 551 BC, in the Spring and Autumn Period, at the beginning of the Hundred Schools of Thought philosophical movement. Confucius was born in or near the city of Qufu, in the Chinese State of Lu (now part of Shandong Province).He was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese thought and life.His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius" thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius."His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius,[5][6] but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics[7][8] such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).

1 very broad prospects of development2.孔子（前551-前479）是春秋时期鲁国人,名丘,字仲尼2 Confucius (551- 479 BC) is the spring and Autumn period luguoren,mounds,styled Zhong Ni

这个是我在网上找到得，希望对你有帮助。Confucius (Chinese: 孔夫子; pinyin: Kǒng Fūzǐ; Wade-Giles: K"ung-fu-tzu), lit. "Master Kong,"[1] (September 28, 551 BC – 479 BC) was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese thought and life. His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty[2][3][4] (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius" thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius." His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius,[5][6] but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics[7][8] such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).

【原文】　　子曰：“不愤不咎，不悱不发。举一隅不以三隅反，则不复也。”　　【译文】　　孔子说：“不到他努力想弄明白而不得的程度不要去开导他；不到他心里明白却不能完善表达出来的程度不要去启发他。如果他不能举一反三，就不要再反复地给他举例了。”　　翻译：　　KongZisaidthat,"Diligentlydoesnotwanttoravelbutdoesnothavethedegreetohimnottohavetoenlightenhim;Tohisheartindidnotunderstandactuallycannotconsummatethedegreewhichexpressesnottohavetoinspirehim.Ifhecannotextrapolate,didnotmustagainrepeatedlygiveanexampletohim."

孔子的生平 One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human"s behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government. In other words, it"s about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K"ung Ch"iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district.

这个是我在网上找到得，希望对你有帮助。Confucius (Chinese: 孔夫子; pinyin: Kǒng Fūzǐ; Wade-Giles: K"ung-fu-tzu), lit. "Master Kong,"[1] (September 28, 551 BC – 479 BC) was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese thought and life. His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty[2][3][4] (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius" thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius." His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius,[5][6] but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics[7][8] such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).

热心网友 最快回答According to tradition, Confucius was born in 551 BC, in the Spring and Autumn Period, at the beginning of the Hundred Schools of Thought philosophical movement. Confucius was born in or near the city of Qufu, in the Chinese State of Lu (now part of Shandong Province).He was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese thought and life.His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty[2][3][4] (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius" thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius."His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius,[5][6] but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics[7][8] such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).

2018下半年英语四级考试翻译试题：孔子(1) 　　孔子(Confucius)是我国古代著名的思想家、教育家，儒家学派(Confucian School)的创始人。相传孔子有弟子三千，贤弟子72人，孔子曾带领部分弟子周游列国14年。在中国五千年的历史上，对华夏民族的性格、气质 (temperament)产生最大影响的人就算是孔子了。他正直、乐观向上、积极进取。他一生都在追求真、善、美，一生都在追求理想的社会。他品格中的优点，几千年来影响着中国人，特别是影响着中国的知识分子。 　　 参考译文 　　Confucius is a famous ideologist, educator, and thefounder of Confucian School in ancient China. It"ssaid he has 3,000 disciples, 72 out of whom areexcellent ones, and he has led some disciples to visitvarious states for 14 years. During 5,000 years" history of China, it"s Confucius who has exertedthe greatest impact on Chinese nation"s characteristic and temperament. He is upright,optimistic, active and enterprising, striving for truthfulness, kindness and beauty, andseeking for an ideal society all his life. The shining points in his characteristics have beeninfluencing the Chinese people, especially the Chinese intellectuals for thousands of years. 2018下半年英语四级考试翻译试题：孔子(2) 　　孔子是春秋时期鲁国伟大的思想家和教育家，是儒家学派的创始人，被尊称为古代的“圣人”。根据其学说发展起来的儒家思想是中国历史上影响最大的思想流派，被汉代及以后的历代封建统治者所推崇利用，成为影响整个封建社会的意识形态。孔子的言论和生平活动被其弟子收录在《论语》中。在21世纪，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。 　　 参考译文 　　Confucius was a great thinker and educator of the State of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was a founde of Confucianism and respectfully referred to as an ancient Sage. Confucianism, developed from the teachings of Confucius, is the most influencial school of thought in Chinese history. It was held in high esteem and used by the feudal rulers since the Han Dynasty, becoming the ideology influencing the whole feudal sociey. The words and life story of Confucius were recorded by his disciples in The Analects of Confucius. In the 21st century, Confucius" doctrine not only receives attention of the Chinese, but also increasingly gains ground in the international community. 2018下半年英语四级考试翻译试题：孔子(3) 　　孔子(Confucius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中国儒学(the Ru School)思想的创始人。儒学(Confucianism)，这个道德和宗教哲学的大系统建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教学上。冯友兰，中国思想史上20世纪伟大的的权威之一，把孔子在中国历史上的影响比作西方的苏格拉底。 　　 参考译文 　　Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung. Fung You lan, one of the great 20th century authorities in the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.

Confucius was a great thinker and educator of ancient China, founder of Confucian school, one of the world"s most famous cultural celebrities孔子是我国古代伟大的思想家和教育家，儒家学派创始人，世界最著名的文化名人之一Shakespeare is very good, until now we still liked his work莎士比亚的作品很好,直到现在我们还喜欢他的作品Mark Twain was an American writer, his novel is very good-looking马克吐温是一位美国作家,他的小说很好看

译文：孔子说：我死之后，子夏会比以前更有进步，而子贡会比以前有所退步“曾子问：为什么呢？”孔子说：子夏喜爱同比自已贤明的人在一起，（所以他的道德修养将日有提高）；子贡喜欢同才质比不上自已的人相处，（因此他的道德修养将日见丧失）。不了解孩子如何，看看孩子的父亲就知道（孩子将来的情况）了，不了解本人，看他周围的朋友就可以了，不了解主子，看他派遣的使者就可以了，不了解本地的情况看本地的草木 就可以了。所以常和品行高尚的人在一起，就像沐浴在种植芝兰散满香气的屋子里一样，时间长了便闻不到香味，但本身已经充满香气了；和品行低劣的人在一起，就像到了卖鲍鱼的地方，时间长了也闻不到臭了，也是融入到环境里了；藏丹的地方时间长了回变红，藏漆的地方时间长了回变黑，也是环境影响使然啊！所以说真正的君子必须谨慎的选择自己处身的环境。原文：孔子曰：“吾死之后，则商也日益，赐也日损。”曾子曰：“何谓也？”子曰：“商好与贤己者处，赐好说不若己者。不知其子，视其父；不知其人，视其友。不知其君，视其所使；不识其地，视其草木。故曰：“与善人居，如入芝兰之室，久而不闻其香，即与之化矣。与不善人居，如入鲍鱼之肆，久而不闻其臭，亦与之化矣。丹之所藏者赤，漆之所藏者黑，是以君子必慎其所与处者焉。”扩展资料《孔子家语》又名《孔氏家语》，或简称《家语》，是一部记录孔子及孔门弟子思想言行的著作。今传本《孔子家语》共十卷四十四篇，魏王肃注，书后附有王肃序和《后序》。《后序》实际上分为两部分，前半部分内容以孔安国语气所写，一般称之为《孔安国序》，后半部分内容为安国以后人所写，故称之为《后孔安国序》，其中收有孔安国的孙子孔衍关于《家语》的《奏言》。孔子（ 英语：Confucius , 公元前 551年 --- 公元前 479年 ），名：丘，字：仲尼，中国春秋末期鲁国陬邑（今中国山东曲阜市东南）人。中国春秋末期著名的思想家、教育家、哲学家，儒家学派创始人。孔子是中国文化中的核心学说儒家的首代宗师，集华夏上古文化之大成，删定《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《乐》、《易》、《春秋》，在世时已被誉为“天纵之圣”、“天之木铎”。

Confusius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C. He is a man who had many wise ideas and thoughts about nature,the world and human behavior. He is a great teacher whose wise sayings have influenced many people in derrerent countries. For example,one of his famous sayings,Learn the new while reviewing the old,tell us the importance of reviewing what we have learned.公元前551，孔子出生在一个贫穷的家庭。他是一个对自然，世界和人类言行有着伟大思想的人。他是一个伟大的先师，他的言论对来自不同国家的人都产生了影响。例如，他有一句名言，“温故而知新”，告诉我们复习我们所学过的东西的重要性。

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孔子是不会英语的，所以没有英语老师。孔子(公元前551年9月28日―公元前479年4月11日)。孔子生活在距今约2500年前。而英格兰（英语区域）的概念最早在距今约1500年前才出现。就是说在孔子生活的年代后约1000年才有英语的概念，孔子不会穿越，让孔子讲英语，真是强人所难。

分类: 教育/科学 >> 外语学习 问题描述: 下载地址和全文，节选都可 解析: lsfyw/Article/Class89/Class97/200509/4035 上面网站不错，比较多 phorum.nst.pku.edu/showthread.php?threadid=662 这个也可以去看看下面的是一些摘录，来自网上资源 一）子曰：”学而时习之，不亦悦乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？” The Master said,To learn and at due times to repeat what one has learnt, is that not after all a pleasure? That friends should e to one from afar, is this not after all delightful?To remain unsoured even though one"s merits are unrecognized by other, is that not after all what is expected of a gentleman? （二）子曰：”吾十有五而志乎学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十耳顺，七十而从心所欲不逾矩．” The master ssaid, At fifteen I set my heart upon learning. At thirty, I planted my feet firm upon the ground. At forty, I no longer suffered fromperplexities. At fifty, I knew what were the biddings of heaven. At sixty, I heard them with docile ear. At seventy, I could follow the dictates of my own heart; for what I destred no longer overstepped the boundaries of right. （三）子曰：”贤哉回也！一箪食，一瓢饮，在了；陋巷，人不堪其忧，回也不改其乐．贤哉回也！” The master said,Inparable indeed was hui!A hardful of rice to eat,a gourdful of water to drink,living in a mean steer-others would have found it unendurably depressing.but to Hui"s cheerfulness it made no difference at all. Inparable indeed was Hui! 论语英文版CONFUCIAN ANALECTS <P>1 The Master "Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application? "Is it not delightful to have friends ing from distant quarters? "Is he not a man of plete virtue, who feels no disposure though men may take no note of him?" The philosopher Yu said, "They are few who, being filial and fraternal, are fond of offending against their superiors. There have been none, who, not liking to offend against their superiors, have been fond of stirring up confusion. "The superior man bends his attention to what is radical. That being established, all practical courses naturally grow up. Filial piety and fraternal submission,-are they not the root of all benevolent actions?" The Master said, "Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom associated with true virtue." The philosopher Tsang said, "I daily examine myself on three points:-whether, in transacting business for others, I may have been not faithful;-whether, in intercourse with friends, I may have been not sincere;-whether I may have not mastered and practiced the instructions of my teacher." The Master said, "To rule a country of a thousand chariots, there must be reverent attention to business, and sincerity; economy in expenditure, and love for men; and the employment of the people at the proper seasons." The Master said, "A youth, when at home, should be filial, and, abroad, respectful to his elders. He should be earnest and truthful. He should overflow in love to all, and cultivate the friendship of the good. When he has time and opportunity, after the performance of these things, he should employ them in polite studies." Tsze-hsia said, "If a man withdraws his mind from the love of beauty, and applies it as sincerely to the love of the virtuous; if, in serving his parents, he can exert his utmost strength; if, in serving his prince, he can devote his life; if, in his intercourse with his friends, his words are sincere:-although men say that he has not learned, I will certainly say that he has. The Master said, "If the scholar be not grave, he will not call forth any veneration, and his learning will not be solid. "Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles. "Have no friends not equal to yourself. "When you have faults, do not fear to abandon them." The philosopher Tsang said, "Let there be a careful attention to perform the funeral rites to parents, and let them be followed when long gone with the ceremonies of sacrifice;-then the virtue of the people will resume its proper excellence." Tsze-ch"in asked Tsze-kung saying, "When our master es to any country, he does not fail to learn all about its government. Does he ask his information? or is it given to him?" Tsze-kung said, "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and plaisant and thus he gets his information. The master"s mode of asking information,-is it not different from that of other men?" The Master said, "While a man"s father is alive, look at the bent of his will; when his father is dead, look at his conduct. If for three years he does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called filial." The philosopher Yu said, "In practicing the rules of propriety, a natural ease is to be prized. In the ways prescribed by the ancient kings, this is the excellent quality, and in things *** all and great we follow them. "Yet it is not to be observed in all cases. If one, knowing how such ease should be prized, manifests it, without regulating it by the rules of propriety, this likewise is not to be done." The philosopher Yu said, "When agreements are made according to what is right, what is spoken can be made good. When respect is shown according to what is proper, one keeps far from shame and disgrace. When the parties upon whom a man leans are proper persons to be intimate with, he can make them his guides and masters." The Master said, "He who aims to be a man of plete virtue in his food does not seek to gratify his appetite, nor in his dwelling place does he seek the appliances of ease; he is earnest in what he is doing, and careful in his speech; he frequents the pany of men of principle that he may be rectified:- such a person may be said indeed to love to learn." Tsze-kung said, "What do you pronounce concerning the poor man who yet does not flatter, and the rich man who is not proud?" The Master replied, "They will do; but they are not equal to him, who, though poor, is yet cheerful, and to him, who, though rich, loves the rules of propriety." Tsze-kung replied, "It is said in the Book of Poetry, "As you cut and then file, as you carve and then polish."-The meaning is the same, I apprehend, as that which you have just expressed." The Master said, "With one like Ts"ze, I can begin to talk about the odes. I told him one point, and he knew its proper sequence." The Master said, "I will not be afflicted at men"s not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men."</P> 『⒈1』子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不</P> 愠，不亦君子乎？”</P> 『⒈2』有子曰：“其为人也孝弟，而好犯上者，鲜矣；不好犯上，而好作乱者，</P> 未之有也。君子务本，本立而道生。孝弟也者，其为仁之本与！”</P> 『⒈3』子曰：“巧言令色，鲜矣仁！”</P> 『⒈4』曾子曰：“吾日三省吾身——为人谋而不忠乎？于朋友交而不信乎？传不</P> 习乎？”</P> 『⒈5』子曰：“道千乘之国，敬事而信，节用而爱人，使民以时。”</P> 『⒈6』子曰：“弟子，入则孝，出则弟，谨而信，凡爱众，而亲仁。行有余力，</P> 则以学文。”</P> 『⒈7』子夏曰：“贤贤易色；事父母，能竭其力；事君，能致其身；于朋友交，</P> 言而有信。虽曰未学，吾必谓之学矣。”</P> 『⒈8』子曰：“君子不重，则不威；学则不固。主忠信。无友不如己者。过，则</P> 勿惮改。”</P> 『⒈9』曾子曰：“慎终，追远，民德归厚矣。”</P> 『⒈10』子禽问于子贡曰：“夫子至于是邦也，必闻其政，求之与？抑与之与？</P> 子贡曰：“夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。夫子之求之也，其诸异乎人之求之与</P> ？”</P> 『⒈11』子曰：“父在，观其志；父没，观其行；三年无改于父之道，可谓孝矣</P> 。”</P> 『⒈12』有子曰：“礼之用，和为贵。先王之道，斯为美；小大由之。有所不行</P> ，知和而和，不以礼节之，亦不可行也。”</P> 『⒈13』有子曰：“信近于义，言可复也。恭近于礼，远耻辱也。因不失其亲，</P> 亦可宗也。”</P> 『⒈14』子曰：“君子食无求饱，居无求安，敏于事而慎于言，就有道而正焉，</P> 可谓好学也已。”</P> 『⒈15』子贡曰：“贫而无谄，富而无骄，何如？”子曰：“可也；未若贫而乐</P> ，富而好礼者也。”</P> 子贡曰：“诗云：‘如切如磋，如琢如磨"，其斯之谓与？”子曰：“赐也，</P> 始可与言诗已矣，告诸往而知来者。”</P> 『⒈16』子曰：“不患人之不己之，患不知人也。”</P> 其实网上关于这方面还是挺多的，这也只是一部分，如不能满足，可继续搜索 或者买一本外研社出版的论语英文版，也不贵，好像才10左右 good luck

形容孔子美好品质的英语词汇1.intelligent [u026an"telu026adu0292(u0259)nt] adj. 智能的；聪明的2.humality 仁义3.studious ["stjuu02d0du026au0259s] adj. 用功的

译文：孔子是中国古代伟大的思想家、政治家、教育家，儒家学派创始人，其学说不仅影响了中国几千年的发展进程，还深刻地影响著每一个中国人的思想和行为模式，成为东方人品格和心理的理论基础，以孔子为代表创立的儒家文化博大精深，构成了中华民族传统文化的主流和基础，时至今日仍在社会生活中发挥着巨大的积极作用，他倡导仁爱，强调以礼乐制度支持的人际和谐,以和为贵，这也是现代社会构建和谐社会的思想。Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient "sage". His words and life story were recorded in The Analects. An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years" traditional Chinese culture. Much of Confucius" thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society. In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community.

【1】不患人之不己知，患不知人也。I will not be afflicted at men"s not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men.【2】工欲善其事，必先利其器。A craftsman who wishes to do his work well must first sharpen his tools.【3】君子欲讷于言，而敏于行。The superior man wishes to be slow in his speech and earnest in his conduct.【4】君子成人之美，不成人之恶，小人反是。The superior man seeks to perfect the admirable qualities of men, and does not seek to perfect their bad qualities. The mean man does the opposite of this.【5】道不同，不相为谋。Those whose courses are different cannot lay plans for one another.【6】性相近也，习相远也。By nature, men are nearly alike; by practice, they get to be wide apart.【7】过而不改，是谓过矣。Not to mend the fault one has made is to err indeed.【8】己所不欲，勿施于人。What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.【9】言必信，行必果。Keep what you say and carry out what you do.【10】有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?【11】人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him?【12】逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜。It passes on just like this, not ceasing day or night!【13】人无远虑，必有近忧。If a man takes no thought about what is distant, he will find sorrow near at hand.

confucius Confuius"s given name is Qiu also styled Zhongni. He was born in QuFu China 551 B.C. and died in 479 B.C..Confucius founded confuciansism--the famous philosophical school in the history of China. The kernel of his thought is Ren(benevolence) its form of expression is Li(the Rites).Confucius travlled from one state to another preaching his doctrines until he was old. He spent his last years in compiling and editing. His works include Book of Spring and Autumn Book of Odes Book of History Book of Rites Book of Music and Book of change. These six books regarded as the classical works of Confucianism have been handed down to the present time. He founded the first private school in Chinese history. He was the teacher of 3000 disciples among whom 72 were Sages. His major sayings were written down in Lun Yu (The Analects) one of the Four Books.Confucius lived in the late Spring and Autumn period(770-476 B.C). In his last years he lived in relative poverty and no longer enjoyed great fame. But after his death his thought continued to influence the Chinese people for over 2500 years. His doctrine on morality and ethics has had a great effect on their ideology strenthening the unity of the nation and making it known to the world for its courteous dealing and solemn rites.

In the 24th year of Duke Xiang of lu (549 BC), when Confucius was three years old, his uncle Liang died.（鲁襄公二十四年（公元前549年），孔子3岁时，叔梁纥病逝。）In the eleventh year of the reign of Duke Zhao of Lu (531 BC), Confucius took charge of animal husbandry.（鲁昭公十一年（公元前531年），孔子改作乘田，管理畜牧。）Because of the hard life when hewas young, I could do some simple work.（因小时候生活艰难，所以会干一些粗活。）In the 27th year of duke zhao of lu (515 BC), a doctor of the state of qi wanted to harm Confucius.（鲁昭公二十七年（公元前515年），齐国的大夫想加害孔子，孔子听说后向齐景公求救。）Duke Jinng of Qi said he was too old to use it.（齐景公说自己老了，不能用了。）Confucius had to flee to the state of Lu.（孔子只好仓皇逃回鲁国。）In the third year of Ai gong of Lu (492 BC), Confucius was 60 years old.（鲁哀公三年（公元前492年），孔子60岁，称自己这时候，能正确对待各种言论，不觉得不顺。）On February 11 (April 11, 479 BC), Confucius fell ill and died at the age of 73.（鲁哀公十六年二月十一日（公元前479年4月11日），孔子患病不愈而卒，终年73岁。）孔子思想：An important proposition of Confucius" thought of governing history is "straightness".（孔子治史思想的一个重要主张就是“直”。）That is to study history to seek truth from facts, not only to pay attention to the basis, but also to "knowing for knowing.（即研究历史要实事求是，不但要重视根据，而且要“知之为知之，不知为不知”（《为政》）。）谢谢！希望能帮助您!

中国古代的哲学家（思想家）

the Analects of Confuciusanalects n.选集; 语录Confucius 【源自[孔夫子]的拉丁文名】 <<名词>>孔子

“孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家”翻译成英文意思是：confuciusisafamousthinkerandeducatorinthehistoryofchina"

英语介绍孔子时一般现在时态

孔夫子本人没有著作。《论语》是他弟子记录他的言行的，英语是theAnalects还有应该是Confucius"sworks~

1君子如欲化民成俗，其必由学乎！agentlemanifyouwouldliketochangeinfluencethepeopleandformmoralcustoms,thewilltolearnfrom!2学而不厌，诲人不倦。beinsatiableinlearningandtirelessinteaching.3工欲善其事,必先利其器。worktodohisworkwell,mustfirstsharpenhisdevice.

入团誓词的活动，同学们提高了对于团员的责任感和使命感，增强了团员意识，对新时期团员先进性标准有了新的认识。 　　【入团誓词】 我志愿加入中国共产主义青年团 坚决拥护中国共产党的领导 遵守团的章程，执行团的决议 履行团员义务，严守团的纪律 勤奋学习，积极工作，吃苦在前,享受在后 为共产主义事业而奋斗! 入团誓词，是指入团申请人在被批准加入共产主义青年团时，面向共产主义青年团团旗立正右手握拳上举进行入团宣誓时适用的言辞和誓言，是对自己肩负的神圣职责和光荣使命做出坚决履行的郑重承诺和保证。誓词的内容充分表现了对共产主义青年团团员的最基本的要求，充分体现了共产主义青年团团员所特有的政治立场、时代特征、工作作风、生活作风、奋斗目标和先人后己的革命利他精神。 共产主义青年团简称共青团，是共产党(劳动党、工人党、人民革命党等)领导的先进青年的群众组织，是广大青年在实践中学习共产主义的学校，是共产党(劳动党、工人党、人民革命党等)的得力助手和后备军，以实现共产主义为最终目的和目标。在苏联是指苏联列宁共产主义青年团，苏联解体以后，在俄罗斯是指俄罗斯共产主义青年联盟，在美国是指美国共产主义青年团，在朝鲜是指朝鲜劳动青年同盟，在越南是指越南胡志明共产主义青年团，在古巴是指古巴共产主义青年联盟，在老挝是指老挝人民革命青年团，在日本是指日本青年联盟，如此等等。在中国，则指中国共产主义青年团，简称中国共青团。中国共产主义青年团第十五次全国代表大会以来通过的《中国共产主义青年团章程》对团的性质做了如是规定：中国共产主义青年团是中国共产党领导的先进青年的群众组织，是广大青年在实践中学习和共产主义的学校，是中国共产党的助手和后备军。 一九二〇年八月，在共产国际的帮助下，上海首先建立了中国共产党的早期党组织--共产主义小组。上海共产主义小组一成立，陈独秀便指派俞秀松组建青年团，8月22日，上海青年团由俞秀松、施存统等8人正式发起建立，俞秀松担任了中国个地方青年团组织的书记并担任中国青年团次全国代表大会召开前的临时中央局书记。1922年5月5日，中国青年团次全国代表大会在广州市东园隆重开幕，标志着中国青年团正式成立，方国昌(施存统)被推选为中国青年团中央执行委员会书记。中国青年团于1925年1月26日至30日在上海召开第三次全国代表大会，决议青年团正式更名为“中国共产主义青年团”。根据世界反法西斯斗争的要求，共产国际于1935年7月，向全世界共产主义运动提出建立世界反法西斯统一战线的任务，青年共产国际遵照这一精神立即作出改造各国共青团组织的决定，******在1935年12月17日至25日于陕北瓦窑堡召开的政治局扩大会议上，明确把建立抗日民族统一战线作为党的基本策略任务，为了促使共青团更加适应这一新形势的发展要求，在1936年11月1日******发出《关于青年工作的决定》，要求共青团对自身组织实行根本性的改造，把共青团由无产阶级先进青年组织改造成为抗日青年的群众组织。共青团立即按照这个《决定》的要求，首先在西北根据地开展自下而上建立青年救国会工作，1937年4月12日至17日西北青年次救国代表大会在延安举行，正式成立了西北青年救国联合会。在全面抗战开始后，共产党领导下的各个抗日根据地都普遍建立了青年救国会组织。在国民党统治区和沦陷区，共青团改造工作是到全面抗战爆发后才最后完成的，这些地区的共青团组织逐步被一些青年抗日先锋队、青年读书会、抗日青年队、青年游击小组等形式和名称多样的青年救国组织所取代，并承担起带领这些地区青年开展抗日工作的任务。从1946年6月下旬开始以国民党军队向共产党领导的解放区大举进攻为标志，开始了决定中华民族命运的大决战，新的历史使命再一次向中国青年发出了召唤。1946年8月26日和9月13日******书记处两次召开工作会议专门讨论关于建立青年团的问题，会后，拟定了《******关于建立民主青年团的提议》，开始在各解放区重建青年团，1946年10月以后在延安地区最先重建了一批团支部，1949年元旦，******正式发出《中国共产党中央委员会关于建立中国新民主主义青年团的决议》，同时还公布了《中国新民主主义青年团团章(草案)》。1949年4月11日至18日中国新民主主义青年团次全国代表大会在北平(后来的北京)隆重举行，标志这中国新民主主义青年团正式成立。1957年5月5日至25日在北京召开了中国新民主主义青年团第三次全国代表大会，大会决议将中国新民主主义青年团改名为中国共产主义青年团，将改名以后团的全国代表大会和过去的中国青年团、中国共产主义青年团以及中国新民主主义青年团历次代表大会相衔接，依照次序加以排列，把下一次团的代表大会定名为中国共产主义青年团第九次全国代表大会。 时至今日即二〇一三年八月中国共青团已经走过了九十一年的历史。这九十一年的历史长河中，入团誓词从无到有，内容随着任务和形式的发展也不断变化，有时刊印在入团志愿书的封面，有时刊印在入团志愿书中的页，有时刊印在入团志愿书的背面，有时则不在入团志愿书中刊印。 目前所知道的最早的入团誓词是1947年山东解放区印制的入团志愿书封面刊印的入团誓词，不过，此时各地正在重建青年团阶段，这是重建青年团阶段的地方团组织颁布的入团誓词。 目前所能知道的最早的全国性的入团誓词是1949年7月25日中国新民主主义青年团中央委员会颁发的《中国新民主主义青年团入团誓词》，誓词内容为：“我志愿加入中国新民主主义青年团，坚决拥护中国共产党的主张，努力学习马克思列宁主义--毛泽东思想，遵守团的纪律，执行团的决议，全心全意为人民服务，在各种革命工作中起模范作用。团结广大青年群众，为新民主主义中国的建设，全人类的彻底解放，奋斗到底。谨此宣誓。宣誓人XXX，监誓人xxx”。 在团中央颁发入团誓词不久，中国人民解放军总政治部颁发了具有军队特色适用于军人的中国新民主主义青年团入团誓词，誓词内容是：“我志愿加入中国新民主主义青年团，坚决拥护中国共产党的主张，努力学习马克思列宁主义--毛泽东思想，积极提高文化，学习现代军事科学，遵守团的纪律，执行团的决议，在斗争、生产、整训、练兵各种工作任务中起到模范作用，团结广大青年群众，为肃清残匪保护人民祖国，为全人类的彻底解放奋斗到底!谨此宣誓。宣誓人XXX监誓人XXX”。 1953年12月24日，中国新民主主义青年团中央委员会颁布了新的《中国新民主主义青年团入团誓词》，内容是：“我志愿加入中国新民主主义青年团。我坚决拥护中国共产党的主张。我一定要努力学习，积极工作，锻炼身体，遵守团的纪律，执行团的决议，密切联系群众，为保卫祖国和实现社会而奋斗。” 在团中央颁布新的入团誓词不久，中国人民解放军总政治部颁布了具有军队特色适用于军人的《中国新民主主义青年团入团誓词》，内容是：“我志愿加入中国新民主主义青年团，坚决拥护中国共产党的主张，遵循我们伟大毛主席指引的方向，努力学习马克思列宁主义，积极提高政治文化水平，学习现代军事科学与技能，遵守团的纪律，执行团的决议，全心全意为人民服务。在战斗，训练，练兵和各种工作任务中起模范作用，团结广大青年群众，做一个现代化国防军的优秀军人，为保卫祖国，保卫东方与世界和平，为祖国逐步实现国家工业化和逐步过渡到社会而奋斗!谨此宣誓。宣誓人xxx监誓人xxx”。 1957年7月27日中国共产主义青年团中央委员会颁布了新的《中国共产主义青年团入团誓词》，内容是：“我志愿加入中国共产主义青年团，坚决拥护中国共产党的主张，忠实执行团的决议，严格遵守团的纪律。我一定要努力学习马克思列宁主义，积极劳动，密切联系群众，吃苦在前，得利在后，为保卫祖国，为在我国建成和将来实现共产主义而奋斗。” 1964年中国共产主义青年团第九次全国代表大会以后，中国共产主义青年团中央委员会颁布了新的《中国共产主义青年团入团誓词》，内容是：“我志愿加入中国共产主义青年团，坚决拥护中国共产党的领导，努力学习马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想，严格遵守团的章程，全心全意为人民服务，积极参加阶级斗争、生产斗争和科学实验三大革命运动，艰苦奋斗，不怕牺牲，为保卫祖国为支援各国人民的革命斗争，为将来实现共产主义而奋斗到底。” 1978年中国共产主义青年团第十次全国代表大会以后，中国共产主义青年团中央委员会颁布了新的《中国共产主义青年团入团誓词》，内容是：“我志愿加入中国共产主义青年团，坚决拥护中国共产党的领导，严格遵守团的章程。我一定要努力学习马克思主义、列宁主义、毛泽东思想，学习现代科学文化知识，全心全意为人民服务，为保卫祖国，为尽快把我国建设成强国，为将来实现共产主义而奋斗。” 1982年中国共产主义青年团第十一次全国代表大会召开，通过了《中国共产主义青年团章程》，把新修订的中国共产主义青年团入团誓词正式列入《中国共产主义青年团章程》，并把入团宣誓作为入团程序中的一道必经程序。这部誓词一直沿用至今。这部新修订的入团誓词内容是：“我志愿加入中国共产主义青年团，坚决拥护中国共产党的领导，遵守团的章程，执行团的决议，履行团员义务，严守团的纪律，勤奋学习，积极工作，吃苦在前，享受在后，为共产主义事业而奋斗!” ;

张善为的《真夏的樱花》 笑一个吧亲爱的朋友啊 把悲伤留在昨天锁上 还记得那些我们说过的梦想 你的笑脸灿烂如花 总有一天你我会再见面啊 虽然要向着樱花各奔天涯 岁月或许会改变你我的模样 我的思念永不放假 明天的世界等待我们拥抱它 在我心中装着你祝福的话 sakula sakula 洒满青春的魔法 擦干眼泪说声再会都是成长的代价 sakula sakula 昂首风雨中有爱我最大 期待他日花开的季节里回家 期待他日花开的季节里

　　小学语文教学中的经典教育探讨是我校研究立项课题之一。下面是我为大家整理的关于小学语文教学方面的论文，供大家参考。 　　关于小学语文教学方面的论文范文一：儿童文学在小学语文教学中的运用 　　摘要：当前小学语文教育普遍存在教师无法把握儿童文学的文学及美学特征、儿童文学素养不高的问题。新教学目标和教材，对小学语文教师提出了更高的要求，必须把握儿童文学课文的文体特点及美学特质，不断完善自身的儿童文学素养。本文基于我国小学语文儿童文学教学现状，分析其中存在的问题并提出应对措施，以期提高小学语文教学效率。 　　关键词：儿童文学;小学语文教学;现状;对策 　　自推行《语文课程标准》后，小学语文教学和儿童文学这两个话题就引起了社会的广泛关注，新课程改革在长期的推广过程中也取得了满意的成效[1]。但就我国当前小学语文教学状况来看，仍存在很大的不足，小学语文教学中儿童文学还有很大的不足。本研究从儿童文学在语文课堂教学、小学教师教学现状两个方面进行探究，总结解决问题的具体措施，从而更好地指导实践教学，为相关研究提供参考意见。 　　1儿童文学在小学语文教学中的现状 　　1.1小学语文课堂教学没有把握儿童文学的基本特点 　　1.1.1没有把握儿童文学的文体特点 　　儿童文学作品包括多种不同的题材，而小学语文教师对儿童文体基础知识的了解度不够，经常出现应用固定教学模式对不同题材的文章进行讲解的问题。例如：对童话体裁的课文进行讲解时，只认识到虚构、夸张及叙事等文体特点，但缺乏对文体知识内涵的分析;在童话题材文章中应用的修辞方式只是做了简单的阐述，学生不能从其中认识到夸张、幻想手法都是写作表现方式，彼此相互映衬才能凸显童话题材课文的涵义[2]。教师不能站在整体角度进行全局性分析，就会影响童话体裁文章的虚幻色彩，使之更加真实化，对学生思维的发散和想象力的培养有极大的阻碍。 　　1.1.2没有把握儿童文学的美学特质 　　同其他文学作品存在很大的差异，儿童文学作品具有其独特的美学品格，如果教师儿童文学素养不高，就无法感受儿童文学作品的艺术个性，从而在课堂教学过程中忽视儿童文学课文的美学特质。具体体现为：(1)使儿童文学课文教学过分成人化。教师以成人的角度看待儿童文学课文，通过成人的思考方式、心理理解课文的主旨，必然会搀杂着一些利益、世俗的思想，过分成人化会丧失儿童文学作品本身的价值;(2)儿童文学作品教学只重视工具性。小学语文教师在讲解儿童文学作品时，没有将其看待成儿童文学课文，应用传统的教学手段，硬性要求学生理解文章中字、句、段的含义，机械式总结文章主旨和线索，单方面重视工具性，这不仅会影响学生学习语文的兴趣，失去了儿童文学应有的美学特质，导致教学过程枯燥乏味。 　　1.2小学语文教师儿童文学素养不高 　　小学语文课是一门基础课程，对学生的成长和发展具有非常重要的意义，而作为小学语文教师，更承担着艰巨的任务，小学语文教师必须要拥有较高的儿童文学素养。然而我国小学语文教师儿童文学素养的缺失问题在新教材的实施后日益严重，提高教师的儿童文学素养成为当前亟待解决的一项工作[3]。由于大多数教师在上岗前并没有对儿童文学进行学习，加上工作后也并未意识到儿童文学对自身教育发展的重要性，自主学习性不强，且缺乏专业、系统的儿童文学培训，导致小学语文教师儿童文学素养普遍不高。小学语文教师儿童文学素养的缺失体现为：(1)对儿童文学基础理论、知识不够了解。教师没有掌握儿童文学基本知识中的美学特质、文体特点、功能价值和体裁等基础知识;(2)尚未形成现代化的儿童文学观及儿童文学理念。一些教师对儿童文学内涵存在错误的理解，教师的儿童文学观相当落后;(3)儿童文学作品的阅读量少，知识面较窄。教师没有对儿童文学作品进行深入的研究，很少阅读相关作品，从而导致教师的审美想象能力、理解能力和感受能力较差。 　　2儿童文学在小学语文教学中的对策 　　2.1教学过程中要把握儿童文学的美学特质和文体特点 　　2.1.1把握儿童文学的文体特点 　　小学语文教师在课堂中要把握儿童文学的文体特点，需要做到以下几点： 　　(1)正确地了解儿童文学文体分类及构成要素，因为面对的是儿童群体，其文体形式同其他文学形式存在明显的不同，包括多种不同的体裁形式，例如：散文、故事、童话、儿歌等，语文教师应了解文章的文体形式分类、因素和特征; 　　(2)在实际教学过程中应以儿童文学的特点为依据，合理的采用教学手段，结合不同体裁的文章制定针对性的教学方案，确定教学的重点和难点，灵活的运用教学方法，提高教学质量。在对儿诗、儿歌等具有押韵特征的韵文体进行讲解时，应严格把握该类文章的特点，通过诵读法的教学途径帮助学生深入的体会文章所蕴含的音乐美[4]。但是这两种形式的儿童文学又存在一定的差别，还需要加以区别，合理的应用播放音乐、游戏和颂唱相结合等多种方式来加深学生的印象，提高学生学习的积极性和想象力; 　　(3)将成人文学同儿童文学区别开来，准确的抓住不同文体间的差别和特征，儿童文学具有其特殊的语言和风格，同成人文体存在显著的差异，风格特异，即使在同种文体形势下，儿童文学及成人文学也各不相同。此外，儿童歌曲、诗歌等文体在语言运用风格及写作目的方面的侧重点也不同，发挥着不同的教育作用，只有做到以上几点，才能更好地利用儿童文学在小学语文教学中的功能。 　　2.1.2把握儿童文学的美学特质 　　儿童文学艺术品性、审美特点即儿童文学的美学特质，主要表现为儿童情趣，因为儿童时期的思想极为单纯，具有丰富的想象力，思考问题的方式比较独特，而儿童文学所蕴含的儿童情趣能够对儿童产生积极的影响，帮助儿童形成良好的审美和感受能力，提高儿童自主学习的积极性，保证儿童的身心健康。这就要求小学语文教师应具备专业的教学能力，可以主动对儿童问题作品中的儿童情趣进行发现和探索，并将这种思想贯穿于整个教学活动中[5]。教师可以从儿童生活、儿童行为动作、抒发儿童纯真情感或儿童心理等角度进行研究，把其中的儿童情绪放大，跟儿童站在同一个层面上思考问题，感受儿童内心的想法。但这个过程并不是一蹴而成的，需要教师不断锻炼，在教学实践中积累经验，培养睿智的眼光。儿童文学中的儿童情趣都渗透在作品中，在对这些作品进行讲解的过程中，教师一定要深入的进行分析，从而抓住儿童文学的美学特质。教师在把握儿童美学特质的基础上还要善于利用，从儿童情绪入手，根据作品中的儿童情绪的表达方式制定教学计划，让儿童深刻的感受儿童文学的美学特质，通过灵活多样的方式激发学生的童心童趣，巧用童心，让学生感受学习的乐趣，提高学习的兴趣。 　　2.2有效提高小学语文教师的儿童文学素养 　　2.2.1扩大儿童文学作品的阅读量，提升教师的审美想象力和感受力 　　儿童文学经过多年的发展，已经积累了大量的优秀儿童文学作品，教师应加大儿童文学作品的阅读量，经常翻阅中外优秀文章，尝试理解不同作者对儿童文学的观点和看法，了解儿童的内心的特点，拓宽自己的视野，站在全新的角度看待儿童文学文章，从理性认识上升为感性认识，从而提高审美想象能力[6]。 　　2.2.2培养现代儿童文学观和正确的儿童文学理念 　　提高小学语文教师的儿童文学素养的关键就要从根本上转变思想观念，使教师能够自主意识到儿童文学作品对儿童成长的重要作用，深刻理解儿童文学作品的精神，培养新型的儿童观及现代幼儿教育观、发展观，树立正确的儿童文学理念。教师必须要明确以下概念： 　　(1)儿童是儿童文学作品主要面对的对象，儿童处于特殊的年龄阶段，能够作为单独的精神个体来看待，儿童文学作品正是面向未成年儿童而形成的，满足了儿童阶段的审美和精神需要，集教育、认知和审美等功能于一体[7]; 　　(2)文学系统涵盖了大量的文学作品，儿童文学只是其中之一，其符合基本文学形式，是作者为了抒发人生感悟及思想感情的语言艺术; 　　(3)同其他文学作品不同，儿童心理活动是创作儿童文学的基础，作品能充分的迎合儿童的各方面需要，受广大儿童的青睐。提高小学语文教师的儿童文学素养是发挥儿童文学在语文教育中教育作用的基础，只有积累了大量的阅读经验，形成形象思维，了解儿童文学基础理论和知识，形成现代儿童文学观、儿童文学理念，才能提高小学语文教材中的儿童文学文章的教学质量。 　　3结语 　　综上所述，儿童文学作品在小学语文教材中占有极大的比重，拥有良好的儿童文学素养的教师能够有效提升小学语文教学的质量。针对我国当前儿童文学在小学语文教学现状中存在的，没有抓住儿童文学的基本特点和教师儿童文学素质的缺失问题，教师应提高对自身儿童文学素养的培养，从根本上把握儿童文学课文的文体特点及美学特质，培养现代儿童文学观和正确的儿童文学理念，拓宽儿童文学作品的阅读范围，扩展视野，提升教师的感受力、审美想象力，深入的理解不同题材的儿童文学作品的内涵及所表达的精神，并以此为切入点进行课堂教学，逐步提升学生的审美感受能力，发挥儿童文学作品的审美教育功能。 　　参考文献： 　　[1]朱立芳.儿童文学资源在小学语文教学中的有效利用[J].教学与管理，2006(33) 　　[2]王泉根.新世纪中国儿童文学学科建设面临的机遇与挑战[J].昆明师范高等专科学校学报，2004(02) 　　[3]孙建国.儿童文学视野下小学语文中的儿童哲学教育[J].教育导刊，2011(03) 　　[4]朱自强.高等师范院校加强儿童文学建设的重要性和紧迫性[J].娄底师专学报，2003(01) 　　[5]赵静.儿童文学与小学语文教育—20世纪初期的历史透视[J].教育科学，2003(02) 　　[6]李惠芳.实现儿童文学的小学语文教育价值实践研究[D].福建师范大学，2013. 　　[7]侯慧庆.儿童文学研究成果在我国小学语文教材编写中的运用[J].文学教育(上)，2011(10). 　　关于小学语文教学方面的论文范文二：翻转课堂在小学语文教学中的优点分析 　　摘要： 　　翻转课堂教学模式极大的提高了教学质量，而且能够有效的推进教学改革，并且有助于优化教学质量，学生的主体地位在翻转课堂中渐渐的凸显出来，本文就其优点谈了自己的看法。 　　关键词：翻转课堂;小学语文;优点 　　1转变了传统的教学观念，增进师生之间的交流 　　学生理解知识的能力与学生自身的特征以及生活中的实际情况有着直接的关系，与教学内容有着直接的联系。通过相关的调查问卷，我们能够清楚的发现学生对于翻转课堂教学模式十分的喜爱，而且接受这种教学模式的速度十分快，这种教学模式有助于学生在学习语文知识的时候能够对知识进行系统化分类，而且他们通过课前的视频教学模式能够对语文教学内容有一个更新的认识。而且重点是他们能够将教学内容与自己的学习习惯相互联系，通过整理教学素材，观看教学视频，提出自己的质疑，然后在语文教学开展的课堂中与他人进行沟通和讨论，这种教学模式真正的将学生的地位与老师的地位放在了同一个高度，老师不单单是知识的传播者，也是问题的探讨者，学生们在这种语文教学环境下得到了自我的生活和认识到了自身的发展方向。学生对于完成老师布置得语文教学任务也不在是应付差事，他们更愿意主动地去完成功课，或者是更愿意与同学分享自己的想法。语文老师能够借助网络教学平台展开自己与学生之间的沟通，通过多种聊天软件。例如QQ、微信、微博、论坛等与学生交流意见。了解学生的内在想法。帮助他们解决学习中遇到的难题。从学生自身遇到的实际问题出发开展课堂讲演活动，并且结合集中讲授、个别辅导方式帮助学生解决问题。 　　2增加学生的知识量，提高他们的审美能力 　　在小学语文教学中开展课堂教学模式，其中一个最为重要的环节就是学生在课堂上讨论问题的环节。开展翻转课堂教学模式，通常情况下都是采用课前学习，课上组织学生结成小组，进行问题讨论，从而得出结论。而要想使得课上学生讨论呈现出精彩的环节，使得学生的视野得到深入的开阔，就需要老师在讲课之间给学生们提供较多，具有针对性的、十分有意义的学习资料作为辅助。通过增加学生的知识量，提高学生对于事物的认识，丰富他们的观点和意识，在普通的语文教学课堂中，小学语文老师也是在利用各种方法增加学生的阅读量以及知识储备，可是课堂上的时间毕竟有限，开展起来十分的困难，然而如果让学生完全凭借自己的自觉里去进行知识的阅读那么很难取得好的效果。我们都知道“翻转课堂”的教学模式是让学生先进行课前自主学习，然后在课上进行知识的教授。这样一来课堂上很多时间都节省了出来，这个时候，老师可以用来丰富学生的知识含量，安排一些具有代表性的，能够开阔学生认知能力的知识。帮助学生进行语文能力的培养和提高。语文的学习是一个不断积累的过程，任何人具有较高的语文能力并不是一时之间形成的而是一个循序渐进的过程。知识含量增加了，学生的视野自然就开阔了，对文章的理解也会逐渐上升到一个新的高度。在讲解《少年闰土》的时候，为了让学生更加的了解鲁迅，我向学生介绍了他的又一部小说作品《故乡》在对《少年闰土》讲解的同时，分析作者的思想情感，讲述了少年闰土与我发生的一些事情。在结合《故乡》分析了鲁迅创作的特点，坚强学生对鲁迅的认识，了解鲁迅作品的特点提高学生的阅读能力。通过这样的联合讲解，很容易提高学生对知识认识的水平。当前所使用的小学语文教材课本里面，所有的内容都是经过教材编写部门进行层层筛选之后留下来的精华内容，有一些文章是由我国著名作家所写，有一些内容对学生思维的开阔有着重要的意义。教材中的内容大部分是内容精彩、字词句优美、为了使得文章更加富有内涵，更好的表达作者的内心情感通常情况下会使用有没得语句进行渲染，营造出一种有没得环境。在这个时候，如果只是老师在台上进行片面的讲解，很难让学生领会到其中的美感和特征。这个时候使用翻转课堂教学模式，通过精心的构思，将教学内容通过视频的方式呈现在学生的眼前，将文字、图片、视频相结合，能够帮助学生理解文章的真实意境和情感。教学视频能够通过视觉、听觉刺激学生的感觉神经，从而让学生对这种形式产生兴趣，从而热爱学习。这种方法使得教学内容变得更加的丰富和形象，具有很强的美感和艺术性。文学作品具有很强的艺术性，蕴含着各种美。“翻转课堂”里，教师不再是枯燥地灌输阅读鉴赏时要用到的术语，而是适当借助现代技术手段，帮助学生获得更丰富的审美体验。 　　3增加了语文课堂师生互动 　　学生在进行语文知识学习的时候，遇到很多问题，就会采取多种多样的方法，进行解决，在翻转课堂的教学模式背景下，学生能够通过多种多样的方法解决学习中遇到的问题，而且不用害怕得到不指导，使自己的学习陷入困境。当基础知识方面的学习遇到问题的时候，学生能够从教学视频以及教材课本中还有相关的学习资料中去找寻答案，作为小学语文教师，老师更多的是帮助学生解决一些基础知识内容之外的问题。只有这样老师的真正意义才得以彰显出来，帮助更多的学生掌握知识，学会做人，是老师教书育人的重要作用。对于一些语文水平较高的学生，在老师的精心指导之下，就能够开阔自己的思维，进行创新，更好的掌握语文知识。而对于那些语文学习能力较差的同学，在教学视频、老师以及学生的共同帮助下，能够更好的掌握语文知识，及时的进行基础知识的建构，帮助他们养成良好的语文学习习惯，能够充分与语文老师交流，解决学习中遇到的困难。通过多向旳教育传播从而提高教师的教学效率和学生的学习效率。 　　参考文献 　　1、小学语文古诗词教学现存问题及策略研究——以B小学为例方洁扬州大学2014-05-01

是 福特 旗下一款车的名字。福特F系列， F-150 系列。在墨西哥， 福特F-150 （ 查成交价 | 车型详解 ）的加长版被称作 Ford Lobo。也就是说只有墨西哥才叫LOBO的。福特F150一直是福特旗下的经典皮卡，是F-Seri es 系列中，销量最高的车型，并高踞美国的十大畅销车榜首，连续多年获得美国最佳汽车称号，它的销量超过了其它任何一种大型卡车品牌。 福特F150皮卡SVT的开发运用了福特赛车部门SVT大量的先进技术，甚至采用了部分 福克斯 拉力赛车的赛车技术，而性能如此卓越的一款皮卡，欠的只是符合这类汽车的一个凶猛的名字，此时，这项目的总工程师Jamal Hameedi提出了他在规划阶段就已想好的猛禽绰号先作为临时的名称，直到以后想到更好的名称为止。 后来随着该车的开发进一步完成，此时之前行到的其它名字大家都已经不记得看了。而终结者（该车最初的名字）以及Condor都被认真考虑过，但似乎仍然没有猛禽这个名字更能表现出该车的最原始本性。因此，猛禽的名字就被最终确定了下来。但是有一个棘手的问题出现了，专门生产精品跑车的Mos le r汽车公司拥有使用该名字的专有权，最终福特和SVT也不知通过了什么秘密方法得到了Mosler公司的许可。 （图/文/摄： 雷鹏） @2019

知网和万方收录的论文的区别如下：一、创立时间不同1、知网是由清华大学、清华同方发起，始建于1999年6月。2、万方数据库《中国企业、公司及产品数据库》始建于1988年。二、定位不同1、知网是以实现全社会知识资源传播共享与增值利用为目标的信息化建设项目，采用自主开发并具有国际领先水平的数字图书馆技术，并正式启动建设《中国知识资源总库》及CNKI网格资源共享平台。2、万方数据库是由万方数据公司开发的，涵盖期刊、会议纪要、论文、学术成果、学术会议论文的大型网络数据库。三、内容资源不同1、中国知网服务内容包括：（1）中国知识资源总库：提供CNKI源数据库、外文类、工业类、农业类、医药卫生类、经济类和教育类多种数据库。（2）数字出版平台：提供学科专业数字图书馆和行业图书馆。个性化服务平台由个人数字图书馆、机构数字图书馆、数字化学习平台等。（3）文献数据评价：主要统计内容包括；A、中国正式出版的7000多种自然科学、社会科学学术期刊发表的文献量及其分类统计表；B、各期刊论文的引文量、引文链接量及其分类统计表：C、期刊论文作者发文量、被引量及其机构统计表；D、CNKI中心网站访问量及分IP地址统计表。（4）知识检索：文献搜索、数字搜索、翻译助手、图形搜索、专业主题、学术资源、学术统计分析。3、万方数据库服务内容包括：（1）成果专利：国内的科技成果、专利技术以及国家级科技计划项目。（2）中外标准：国家技术监督局、建设部情报所提供的中国国家标准、建设标准、建材标准、行业标准、国际标准、国际电工标准、欧洲标准以及美、英、德、法国国家标准和日本工业标准等。（3）科技文献：包括会议文献、专业文献、综合文献和英文文献，涵盖面广，具有较高的权威性。（4）机构：包括我国著名科研机构、高等院校、信息机构的信息。（5）台湾系列：内容为台湾地区的科技、经济、法规等相关信息。（6）万方学位论文：数据库收录我国各学科领域的学位论文。知网工程的具体目标：1、大规模集成整合知识信息资源，整体提高资源的综合和增值利用价值；2、建设知识资源互联网传播扩散与增值服务平台，为全社会提供资源共享、数字化学习、知识创新信息化条件。3、建设知识资源的深度开发利用平台，为社会各方面提供知识管理与知识服务的信息化手段。4、为知识资源生产出版部门创造互联网出版发行的市场环境与商业机制，大力促进文化出版事业、产业的现代化建设与跨越式发展。

利用pn结的单向导电性。。。二极管的类型 　　二极管种类有很多，按照所用的半导体材料，可分为锗二极管（Ge管）和硅二极管（Si管）。根据其不同用途，可分为检波二极管、整流二极管、稳压二极管、开关二极管等。按照管芯结构，又可分为点接触型二极管、面接触型二极管及平面型二极管。点接触型二极管是用一根很细的金属丝压在光洁的半导体晶片表面，通以脉冲电流，使触丝一端与晶片牢固地烧结在一起，形成一个“PN结”。由于是点接触，只允许通过较小的电流（不超过几十毫安），适用于高频小电流电路，如收音机的检波等。　　面接触型二极管的“PN结”面积较大，允许通过较大的电流（几安到几十安），主要用于把交流电变换成直流电的“整流”电路中。　　平面型二极管是一种特制的硅二极管，它不仅能通过较大的电流，而且性能稳定可靠，多用于开关、脉冲及高频电路中。二极管的工作原理 　　晶体二极管为一个由p型半导体和n型半导体形成的p-n结，在其界面处两侧形成空间电荷层，并建有自建电场。当不存在外加电压时，由于p-n　结两边载流子浓度差引起的扩散电流和自建电场引起的漂移电流相等而处于电平衡状态。　　当外界有正向电压偏置时，外界电场和自建电场的互相抑消作用使载流子的扩散电流增加引起了正向电流。　　当外界有反向电压偏置时，外界电场和自建电场进一步加强，形成在一定反向电压范围内与反向偏置电压值无关的反向饱和电流I0。　　当外加的反向电压高到一定程度时，p-n结空间电荷层中的电场强度达到临界值产生载流子的倍增过程，产生大量电子空穴对，产生了数值很大的反向击穿电流，称为二极管的击穿现象。　　二极管的导电特性　　二极管最重要的特性就是单方向导电性。在电路中，电流只能从二极管的正极流入，负极流出。下面通过简单的实验说明二极管的正向特性和反向特性。　　1、正向特性　　　　　在电子电路中，将二极管的正极接在高电位端，负极接在低电位端，二极管就会导通，这种连接方式，称为正向偏置。必须说明，当加在二极管两端的正向电压很小时，二极管仍然不能导通，流过二极管的正向电流十分微弱。只有当正向电压达到某一数值（这一数值称为“门槛电压”，锗管约为0.2V，硅管约为0.6V）以后，二极管才能直正导通。导通后二极管两端的电压基本上保持不变（锗管约为0.3V，硅管约为0.7V），称为二极管的“正向压降”。　　2、反向特性　　在电子电路中，二极管的正极接在低电位端，负极接在高电位端，此时二极管中几乎没有电流流过，此时二极管处于截止状态，这种连接方式，称为反向偏置。二极管处于反向偏置时，仍然会有微弱的反向电流流过二极管，称为漏电流。当二极管两端的反向电压增大到某一数值，反向电流会急剧增大，二极管将失去单方向导电特性，这种状态称为二极管的击穿。整流二极管　　利用二极管单向导电性，可以把方向交替变化的交流电变换成单一方向的脉动直流电

So next, my partner will show you more details about this film. show在演讲口语中也是可以的,表示展示,也可以说introduce or give一类的

我只知道 浪漫樱花里有这么个词

我志愿加入中国共产主义青年团，坚决拥护中国共产党的领导，遵守团的章程，执行团的决议，履行团员义务，严守团的纪律，勤奋学习，积极工作，吃苦在前，享受在后，为共产主义事业而奋斗。