关于孔子的英语演讲稿

Confucius专业英语名词。

1、知之者，不如好之者，好之者，不如乐之者。 He who knows is not as good as he who knows, nor as happy as he who knows. 2、性相近也，习相远也。 Sex is similar, habits are far. 3、人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？ Is it not a gentleman who does not know and is stunned? 4、君子以文会友，以友辅仁。 Gentlemen make friends by means of literature and help others by means of friends. 5、逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜。 Dead people like this, day and night. 6、关睢乐而不淫，哀而不伤。 Guan Sui is happy but not lustful, sad but not sad. 7、三军可夺师也，匹夫不可夺志也。 The three armies can seize divisions, but no man can seize aspirations. 8、三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。 Among any three people walking, I will find something to learn for sure. Choose the good and follow it, and change the bad. 9、温故而知新，可以为师矣。 He who by reviewing the old can gain knowledge of the new and is fit to be a teacher. 10、敏而好学，不耻下问。 Be sensitive and eager to learn, and not ashamed to ask. 11、过而不改，是谓过矣。 It"s too late to change. 12、学而时习之，不亦说乎？ Is it true to learn from time to time? 13、默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉。 What is it for me to know, to learn and not to tire of teaching tirelessly? 14、不患人之不己知，患不知人也。 No one knows, no one knows. 15、父在，观其志。父没，观其行。三年无改于父之道，可谓孝矣。 The father is there, watching his ambition. Father did not, watch his deeds. It can be said that filial piety has not changed from father"s way in three years. 16、学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is perilous. 17、我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。 I am not born to know. I am old and eager for it. 18、唯女子与小人，为难养也。近之则不孙，远之则怨。 Only women and villains are difficult to support. Near is Sun, far is resentment. 19、己所不欲，勿施于人。 Do what you don"t want to do to others.

孔子的名言 英语 　　学而时习之，不亦说乎? 　　Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseveranceand application? 　　温故而知新，可以为师矣。 　　If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others. 　　学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 　　Learning without thought is labourlost; thought without learning is perilous. 　　敏而好学，不耻下问。 　　He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning, and he was not ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors. 　　十室之邑，必有忠信，如丘者焉，不如丘之好学也。 　　In a hamlet of ten families, there may be found one honourable and sincere as I am, but not so fond of learning. 　　知之者，不如好之者，好之者，不如乐之者。 　　They who know the truth are not equal to those who love it, and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in it. 　　默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉。 　　The silent treasuring up of knowledge; learning without satiety; and instructing others without being wearied -- which one of these things belongs to me? 　　有教无类。 　　In teaching there should be no distinction of classes. 　　当仁，不让于师。 　　When it comes to benevolence, one need not give precedence even to his teacher. 　　我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。 　　I am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge; I am one who is fond of antiquity, and earnest in seeking it there. 　　三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。 　　When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them. 　　学如不及，犹恐失之。 　　Learn as if you could not reach your object, and were always fearing also lest you should lose it.

有教无类。In teaching there should be no distinction of classes.当仁，不让于师。When it comes to benevolence, one need not give precedence even to his teacher.学而时习之，不亦说乎？Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseveranceand application?温故而知新，可以为师矣。If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。Learning without thought is labourlost; thought without learning is perilous.敏而好学，不耻下问。He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning, and he was not ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors.十室之邑，必有忠信，如丘者焉，不如丘之好学也。In a hamlet of ten families, there may be found one honourable and sincere as I am, but not so fond of learning.知之者，不如好之者，好之者，不如乐之者。They who know the truth are not equal to those who love it, and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in it.默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉。The silent treasuring up of knowledge; learning without satiety; and instructing others without being wearied -- which one of these things belongs to me?我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。I am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge; I am one who is fond of antiquity, and earnest in seeking it there.三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.学如不及，犹恐失之。Learn as if you could not reach your object, and were always fearing also lest you should lose it.

网上有现成的, 请参考.When Socrates Meets Confucius　　　As is known to all, there were two sages around the same time who were comparable to each other. One was Confucius, in China, and the other was the ancient Greek thinker, Socrates, whom, up to now, are still praised by the whole world. They both had philosophies that stood out among human beings and both had great influence on us and continue to have that influence. They are not only great philosophers, but also maestros in many fields, especially the area of education.　　　Though they lived in almost the same time, they were from two completely separate parts of the world. But still, as the saying goes, great minds think alike. These two maestros had a lot in common when it comes to education. Does it ever occur to you what kind of sparks would have been created if they had met each other? 　　　In the respect of teaching subjects, they were both well aware that there was no such thing as a distinction between classes or races of people, which made civilization and education universal to a great extent. I dare say they would have fully supported each other in this point of view. 　　　And they would be of one mind when it comes to the function of education. Both of them attach great importance to acquired education and consider the purpose of education to be a form of nurture for people to gain political integrity and professional competence.　　　In regards to their teaching methods, these two mentors both paid attention to developing the students" thinking ability through inspirational teaching ways, called heuristic teaching, or elicitation method. They saw eye to eye in this viewpoint, a viewpoint that has an enormous impact on modern education. 　　　Because of the differences between their two political systems and social environments, they also disagreed with each other on many perspectives, but, regardless, I think these two maestros would work it out. 　　　Thank you for taking your time.

一般认为古英语出现在公元450年左右，而孔子出生在公元前551年，当时还没有英语，所以孔子肯定是不会英语的。

Y吧的筒子们 帮忙！

One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human"s behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government. In other words, it"s about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K"ung Ch"iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district.

　　学而时习之，不亦说乎? 　　Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseveranceand application? 　　温故而知新，可以为师矣。 　　If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others. 　　学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 　　Learning without thought is labourlost; thought without learning is perilous. 　　敏而好学，不耻下问。 　　He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning, and he was not ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors. 　　十室之邑，必有忠信，如丘者焉，不如丘之好学也。 　　In a hamlet of ten families, there may be found one honourable and sincere as I am, but not so fond of learning. 　　知之者，不如好之者，好之者，不如乐之者。 　　They who know the truth are not equal to those who love it, and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in it. 　　默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉。 　　The silent treasuring up of knowledge; learning without satiety; and instructing others without being wearied -- which one of these things belongs to me? 　　有教无类。 　　In teaching there should be no distinction of classes. 　　当仁，不让于师。 　　When it comes to benevolence, one need not give Pcedence even to his teacher. 　　我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。 　　I am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge; I am one who is fond of antiquity, and earnest in seeking it there. 　　三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。 　　When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them. 　　学如不及，犹恐失之。 　　Learn as if you could not reach your object, and were always fearing also lest you should lose it.

1、士志于道，而耻恶衣恶食者，未足与议也。 Scholars aspire to Tao, but those who disgrace evil clothes and food are not enough to discuss. 2、见善无不及，见不善如探汤。 Seeing good is better than seeing bad. 3、君子如欲化民成俗，其必由学乎！ If a gentleman wants to turn folklore into a custom, he must learn from it! 4、岁寒，然后知松柏之后凋也。 Only in cold winter does one know that the pine and the cypress are the last to shed their leaves. 5、其身正，不令而行；其身不正，虽令不从。 If he is in a right position, he will not act accordingly; if he is in a wrong position, he will not obey. 6、君子尊贤而容众，嘉善而矜不能。 A gentleman is respectful and tolerant, but kind and reserved. 7、夫达也者，质直而好义。察言而观色，虑以下人。 Fudaye, straight and righteous. Look at what you say and look at what you see. Consider the following people. 8、轻千乘之国，而重一言之信。 A thousand times lighter than a thousand, but one word more. 9、有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？见利思义，见危授命。 It is such a delight to have friends ing from afar? See profit, see danger and give orders. 10、君子耻其言而过其行。 A gentleman is ashamed of his words and deeds. 11、学而不厌，诲人不倦。 Never be contented with your study; never be impatient with your teaching. 12、士而怀居，不足为士矣！ It is not enough for a scholar to live in his home. 13、饭疏食、饮水，曲肱而枕之，乐亦在其中矣。 Eating sparsely, drinking water, bending the brachium and pillow, music is also in it. 14、君子矜而不争，群而不党。 A gentleman is reserved but not contentious, but a group is not a party. 15、不义而富且贵，于我如浮云。 Unrighteousness, wealth and wealth are like clouds to me. 16、敏而好学，不耻下问。 Be sensitive and eager to learn, and not ashamed to ask. 17、志士仁人，无求生以害仁，有杀身以成仁。 People with lofty ideals are benevolent. They do not seek survival to harm benevolence. They kill themselves to bee benevolent. 18、君子周而不比，小人比而不周。 A gentleman is more than a gentleman, but a villain is less than a gentleman. 19、可以托六尺之孤，可以寄百里之命，临大节而不可夺也。 You can support a six-foot solitary, you can send a hundred-mile order, facing the big festival and can not be seized. 20、三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也。 The three armies can seize manders, but no man can seize aspirations. 21、君子和而不同，小人同而不和。 Gentlemen differ from each other, and villains differ from each other. 22、不患人之不己知，患不知人也。 No one knows, no one knows. 23、学如不及，犹恐失之。 If you fail to learn, you are afraid of losing it. 24、学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is perilous. 25、君于疾没世而名不称焉。 You are not famous for your death. 26、性相近也，习相远也。 Sex is similar, habits are far. 27、有君子之道四焉：其行己也恭，其事上也敬，其养民也惠，其使民也义。 There are four ways for a gentleman: he is respectful in his actions, respectful in his deeds, benefiting his people, and righteous in his actions. 28、质胜文则野，文胜质则史。文质彬彬，然后君子。 Quality is better than literature, but history is better than literature. Gentleman, then gentleman. 29、始吾于人也，听其言而信其行。今吾于人也，听其言而观其行。 I start with people, listen to what they say and believe in what they do. Today, I am also in the person, listen to his words and watch his actions.

孔子名言英语翻译如下：1、性相近也，习相远也。By nature， men are nearly alike； by practice， they get to be wide apar.2、过而不改，是谓过矣。Not to mend the fault one has made is to err indeed.3、己所不欲，勿施于人。What you do not want done to yourself， do not do to others.

孔子东游，见两小儿辩斗，问其故。一儿曰：“我以日始出时去人近，而日中时远也。”一儿以日初出远，而日中时近也。一儿曰：“日初出大如车盖，及日中则如盘盂，此不为远者小而近者大乎？”一儿曰：“日初出沧沧凉凉，及其日中如探汤，此不为近者热而远者凉乎？”孔子不能决也。两小儿笑曰：“孰为汝多知乎？”KongziDongYu,seethetwochildrenfightingdebate,askedwhy.Onechildsaid:"WhenIgotoonedaybeforetheclose,whileJapanisalsothetimeaway."Achildtothebeginningofadayaway,whileJapan,withtheapproachalso.Onechildsaid:"thebeginningofthedayasbigascarcovers,andJapanislikeplatespoons,thisisnotnearlyasmuchbythosesmallandlargealmost?"Onechildsaid:"thebeginningoftheCangCangcoolday,andJapan,suchasExplorationofsoup,thisisnotnearlyfararethosehotandcoldDown?"Confuciuscannotmusthave.Twochildrenlaughedandsaid:"AseveryoneknowsalmostasmuchRu?"

您好：One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human"s behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government. In other words, it"s about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K"ung Ch"iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district.希望对您的学习有帮助【满意请采纳】O(∩_∩)O谢谢欢迎追问O(∩_∩)O~祝学习进步~

Confuius"s given name is Qiu, also styled Zhongni. He was born in QuFu, China, 551 B.C., and died in 479 B.C.. Confucius founded confuciansism--the famous philosophical school in the history of China. The kernel of his thought is Ren(benevolence), its form of expression is Li(the Rites). Confucius travlled from one state to another preaching his doctrines until he was old. He spent his last years in compiling and editing. His works include Book of Spring and Autumn, Book of Odes, Book of History, Book of Rites, Book of Music and Book of change. These six books regarded as the classical works of Confucianism have been handed down to the present time. He founded the first private school in Chinese history. He was the teacher of 3,000 disciples among whom 72 were Sages. His major sayings were written down in Lun Yu (The Analects), one of the Four Books. Confucius lived in the late Spring and Autumn period(770-476 B.C). In his last years he lived in relative poverty and no longer enjoyed great fame. But after his death, his thought continued to influence the Chinese people for over 2,500 years. His doctrine on morality and ethics has had a great effect on their ideology, strenthening the unity of the nation and making it known to the world for its courteous dealing and solemn rites. Confucius said, "Let there be three men walking together: from the nmuber I should be sure to find my instructor." "To make accomplishment you must help others to be accomplished too." "Never be satiated with you knowledge and never be tired of teaching."... Today, these philosophical sayings are still shining brilliantly. In the long span of the Chinese history, the descendants of the Yellow Emperor have been righteously proud of the existence of the outstanding Confucius.

您好：One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human"s behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government. In other words, it"s about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K"ung Ch"iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district.希望对您的学习有帮助【满意请采纳】O(∩_∩)O谢谢欢迎追问O(∩_∩)O~祝学习进步~

According to tradition, Confucius was born in 551 BC, in the Spring and Autumn Period, at the beginning of the Hundred Schools of Thought philosophical movement. Confucius was born in or near the city of Qufu, in the Chinese State of Lu (now part of Shandong Province).He was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese thought and life.His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius" thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius."His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius,[5][6] but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics[7][8] such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).

1 very broad prospects of development2.孔子（前551-前479）是春秋时期鲁国人,名丘,字仲尼2 Confucius (551- 479 BC) is the spring and Autumn period luguoren,mounds,styled Zhong Ni

这个是我在网上找到得，希望对你有帮助。Confucius (Chinese: 孔夫子; pinyin: Kǒng Fūzǐ; Wade-Giles: K"ung-fu-tzu), lit. "Master Kong,"[1] (September 28, 551 BC – 479 BC) was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese thought and life. His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty[2][3][4] (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius" thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius." His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius,[5][6] but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics[7][8] such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).

【原文】　　子曰：“不愤不咎，不悱不发。举一隅不以三隅反，则不复也。”　　【译文】　　孔子说：“不到他努力想弄明白而不得的程度不要去开导他；不到他心里明白却不能完善表达出来的程度不要去启发他。如果他不能举一反三，就不要再反复地给他举例了。”　　翻译：　　KongZisaidthat,"Diligentlydoesnotwanttoravelbutdoesnothavethedegreetohimnottohavetoenlightenhim;Tohisheartindidnotunderstandactuallycannotconsummatethedegreewhichexpressesnottohavetoinspirehim.Ifhecannotextrapolate,didnotmustagainrepeatedlygiveanexampletohim."

孔子的生平 One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human"s behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government. In other words, it"s about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K"ung Ch"iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district.

这个是我在网上找到得，希望对你有帮助。Confucius (Chinese: 孔夫子; pinyin: Kǒng Fūzǐ; Wade-Giles: K"ung-fu-tzu), lit. "Master Kong,"[1] (September 28, 551 BC – 479 BC) was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese thought and life. His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty[2][3][4] (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius" thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius." His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius,[5][6] but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics[7][8] such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).

热心网友 最快回答According to tradition, Confucius was born in 551 BC, in the Spring and Autumn Period, at the beginning of the Hundred Schools of Thought philosophical movement. Confucius was born in or near the city of Qufu, in the Chinese State of Lu (now part of Shandong Province).He was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese thought and life.His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty[2][3][4] (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius" thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius."His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius,[5][6] but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics[7][8] such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).

2018下半年英语四级考试翻译试题：孔子(1) 　　孔子(Confucius)是我国古代著名的思想家、教育家，儒家学派(Confucian School)的创始人。相传孔子有弟子三千，贤弟子72人，孔子曾带领部分弟子周游列国14年。在中国五千年的历史上，对华夏民族的性格、气质 (temperament)产生最大影响的人就算是孔子了。他正直、乐观向上、积极进取。他一生都在追求真、善、美，一生都在追求理想的社会。他品格中的优点，几千年来影响着中国人，特别是影响着中国的知识分子。 　　 参考译文 　　Confucius is a famous ideologist, educator, and thefounder of Confucian School in ancient China. It"ssaid he has 3,000 disciples, 72 out of whom areexcellent ones, and he has led some disciples to visitvarious states for 14 years. During 5,000 years" history of China, it"s Confucius who has exertedthe greatest impact on Chinese nation"s characteristic and temperament. He is upright,optimistic, active and enterprising, striving for truthfulness, kindness and beauty, andseeking for an ideal society all his life. The shining points in his characteristics have beeninfluencing the Chinese people, especially the Chinese intellectuals for thousands of years. 2018下半年英语四级考试翻译试题：孔子(2) 　　孔子是春秋时期鲁国伟大的思想家和教育家，是儒家学派的创始人，被尊称为古代的“圣人”。根据其学说发展起来的儒家思想是中国历史上影响最大的思想流派，被汉代及以后的历代封建统治者所推崇利用，成为影响整个封建社会的意识形态。孔子的言论和生平活动被其弟子收录在《论语》中。在21世纪，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。 　　 参考译文 　　Confucius was a great thinker and educator of the State of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was a founde of Confucianism and respectfully referred to as an ancient Sage. Confucianism, developed from the teachings of Confucius, is the most influencial school of thought in Chinese history. It was held in high esteem and used by the feudal rulers since the Han Dynasty, becoming the ideology influencing the whole feudal sociey. The words and life story of Confucius were recorded by his disciples in The Analects of Confucius. In the 21st century, Confucius" doctrine not only receives attention of the Chinese, but also increasingly gains ground in the international community. 2018下半年英语四级考试翻译试题：孔子(3) 　　孔子(Confucius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中国儒学(the Ru School)思想的创始人。儒学(Confucianism)，这个道德和宗教哲学的大系统建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教学上。冯友兰，中国思想史上20世纪伟大的的权威之一，把孔子在中国历史上的影响比作西方的苏格拉底。 　　 参考译文 　　Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung. Fung You lan, one of the great 20th century authorities in the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.

Confucius was a great thinker and educator of ancient China, founder of Confucian school, one of the world"s most famous cultural celebrities孔子是我国古代伟大的思想家和教育家，儒家学派创始人，世界最著名的文化名人之一Shakespeare is very good, until now we still liked his work莎士比亚的作品很好,直到现在我们还喜欢他的作品Mark Twain was an American writer, his novel is very good-looking马克吐温是一位美国作家,他的小说很好看

译文：孔子说：我死之后，子夏会比以前更有进步，而子贡会比以前有所退步“曾子问：为什么呢？”孔子说：子夏喜爱同比自已贤明的人在一起，（所以他的道德修养将日有提高）；子贡喜欢同才质比不上自已的人相处，（因此他的道德修养将日见丧失）。不了解孩子如何，看看孩子的父亲就知道（孩子将来的情况）了，不了解本人，看他周围的朋友就可以了，不了解主子，看他派遣的使者就可以了，不了解本地的情况看本地的草木 就可以了。所以常和品行高尚的人在一起，就像沐浴在种植芝兰散满香气的屋子里一样，时间长了便闻不到香味，但本身已经充满香气了；和品行低劣的人在一起，就像到了卖鲍鱼的地方，时间长了也闻不到臭了，也是融入到环境里了；藏丹的地方时间长了回变红，藏漆的地方时间长了回变黑，也是环境影响使然啊！所以说真正的君子必须谨慎的选择自己处身的环境。原文：孔子曰：“吾死之后，则商也日益，赐也日损。”曾子曰：“何谓也？”子曰：“商好与贤己者处，赐好说不若己者。不知其子，视其父；不知其人，视其友。不知其君，视其所使；不识其地，视其草木。故曰：“与善人居，如入芝兰之室，久而不闻其香，即与之化矣。与不善人居，如入鲍鱼之肆，久而不闻其臭，亦与之化矣。丹之所藏者赤，漆之所藏者黑，是以君子必慎其所与处者焉。”扩展资料《孔子家语》又名《孔氏家语》，或简称《家语》，是一部记录孔子及孔门弟子思想言行的著作。今传本《孔子家语》共十卷四十四篇，魏王肃注，书后附有王肃序和《后序》。《后序》实际上分为两部分，前半部分内容以孔安国语气所写，一般称之为《孔安国序》，后半部分内容为安国以后人所写，故称之为《后孔安国序》，其中收有孔安国的孙子孔衍关于《家语》的《奏言》。孔子（ 英语：Confucius , 公元前 551年 --- 公元前 479年 ），名：丘，字：仲尼，中国春秋末期鲁国陬邑（今中国山东曲阜市东南）人。中国春秋末期著名的思想家、教育家、哲学家，儒家学派创始人。孔子是中国文化中的核心学说儒家的首代宗师，集华夏上古文化之大成，删定《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《乐》、《易》、《春秋》，在世时已被誉为“天纵之圣”、“天之木铎”。

Confusius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C. He is a man who had many wise ideas and thoughts about nature,the world and human behavior. He is a great teacher whose wise sayings have influenced many people in derrerent countries. For example,one of his famous sayings,Learn the new while reviewing the old,tell us the importance of reviewing what we have learned.公元前551，孔子出生在一个贫穷的家庭。他是一个对自然，世界和人类言行有着伟大思想的人。他是一个伟大的先师，他的言论对来自不同国家的人都产生了影响。例如，他有一句名言，“温故而知新”，告诉我们复习我们所学过的东西的重要性。

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孔子是不会英语的，所以没有英语老师。孔子(公元前551年9月28日―公元前479年4月11日)。孔子生活在距今约2500年前。而英格兰（英语区域）的概念最早在距今约1500年前才出现。就是说在孔子生活的年代后约1000年才有英语的概念，孔子不会穿越，让孔子讲英语，真是强人所难。

分类: 教育/科学 >> 外语学习 问题描述: 下载地址和全文，节选都可 解析: lsfyw/Article/Class89/Class97/200509/4035 上面网站不错，比较多 phorum.nst.pku.edu/showthread.php?threadid=662 这个也可以去看看下面的是一些摘录，来自网上资源 一）子曰：”学而时习之，不亦悦乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？” The Master said,To learn and at due times to repeat what one has learnt, is that not after all a pleasure? That friends should e to one from afar, is this not after all delightful?To remain unsoured even though one"s merits are unrecognized by other, is that not after all what is expected of a gentleman? （二）子曰：”吾十有五而志乎学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十耳顺，七十而从心所欲不逾矩．” The master ssaid, At fifteen I set my heart upon learning. At thirty, I planted my feet firm upon the ground. At forty, I no longer suffered fromperplexities. At fifty, I knew what were the biddings of heaven. At sixty, I heard them with docile ear. At seventy, I could follow the dictates of my own heart; for what I destred no longer overstepped the boundaries of right. （三）子曰：”贤哉回也！一箪食，一瓢饮，在了；陋巷，人不堪其忧，回也不改其乐．贤哉回也！” The master said,Inparable indeed was hui!A hardful of rice to eat,a gourdful of water to drink,living in a mean steer-others would have found it unendurably depressing.but to Hui"s cheerfulness it made no difference at all. Inparable indeed was Hui! 论语英文版CONFUCIAN ANALECTS <P>1 The Master "Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application? "Is it not delightful to have friends ing from distant quarters? "Is he not a man of plete virtue, who feels no disposure though men may take no note of him?" The philosopher Yu said, "They are few who, being filial and fraternal, are fond of offending against their superiors. There have been none, who, not liking to offend against their superiors, have been fond of stirring up confusion. "The superior man bends his attention to what is radical. That being established, all practical courses naturally grow up. Filial piety and fraternal submission,-are they not the root of all benevolent actions?" The Master said, "Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom associated with true virtue." The philosopher Tsang said, "I daily examine myself on three points:-whether, in transacting business for others, I may have been not faithful;-whether, in intercourse with friends, I may have been not sincere;-whether I may have not mastered and practiced the instructions of my teacher." The Master said, "To rule a country of a thousand chariots, there must be reverent attention to business, and sincerity; economy in expenditure, and love for men; and the employment of the people at the proper seasons." The Master said, "A youth, when at home, should be filial, and, abroad, respectful to his elders. He should be earnest and truthful. He should overflow in love to all, and cultivate the friendship of the good. When he has time and opportunity, after the performance of these things, he should employ them in polite studies." Tsze-hsia said, "If a man withdraws his mind from the love of beauty, and applies it as sincerely to the love of the virtuous; if, in serving his parents, he can exert his utmost strength; if, in serving his prince, he can devote his life; if, in his intercourse with his friends, his words are sincere:-although men say that he has not learned, I will certainly say that he has. The Master said, "If the scholar be not grave, he will not call forth any veneration, and his learning will not be solid. "Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles. "Have no friends not equal to yourself. "When you have faults, do not fear to abandon them." The philosopher Tsang said, "Let there be a careful attention to perform the funeral rites to parents, and let them be followed when long gone with the ceremonies of sacrifice;-then the virtue of the people will resume its proper excellence." Tsze-ch"in asked Tsze-kung saying, "When our master es to any country, he does not fail to learn all about its government. Does he ask his information? or is it given to him?" Tsze-kung said, "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and plaisant and thus he gets his information. The master"s mode of asking information,-is it not different from that of other men?" The Master said, "While a man"s father is alive, look at the bent of his will; when his father is dead, look at his conduct. If for three years he does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called filial." The philosopher Yu said, "In practicing the rules of propriety, a natural ease is to be prized. In the ways prescribed by the ancient kings, this is the excellent quality, and in things *** all and great we follow them. "Yet it is not to be observed in all cases. If one, knowing how such ease should be prized, manifests it, without regulating it by the rules of propriety, this likewise is not to be done." The philosopher Yu said, "When agreements are made according to what is right, what is spoken can be made good. When respect is shown according to what is proper, one keeps far from shame and disgrace. When the parties upon whom a man leans are proper persons to be intimate with, he can make them his guides and masters." The Master said, "He who aims to be a man of plete virtue in his food does not seek to gratify his appetite, nor in his dwelling place does he seek the appliances of ease; he is earnest in what he is doing, and careful in his speech; he frequents the pany of men of principle that he may be rectified:- such a person may be said indeed to love to learn." Tsze-kung said, "What do you pronounce concerning the poor man who yet does not flatter, and the rich man who is not proud?" The Master replied, "They will do; but they are not equal to him, who, though poor, is yet cheerful, and to him, who, though rich, loves the rules of propriety." Tsze-kung replied, "It is said in the Book of Poetry, "As you cut and then file, as you carve and then polish."-The meaning is the same, I apprehend, as that which you have just expressed." The Master said, "With one like Ts"ze, I can begin to talk about the odes. I told him one point, and he knew its proper sequence." The Master said, "I will not be afflicted at men"s not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men."</P> 『⒈1』子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不</P> 愠，不亦君子乎？”</P> 『⒈2』有子曰：“其为人也孝弟，而好犯上者，鲜矣；不好犯上，而好作乱者，</P> 未之有也。君子务本，本立而道生。孝弟也者，其为仁之本与！”</P> 『⒈3』子曰：“巧言令色，鲜矣仁！”</P> 『⒈4』曾子曰：“吾日三省吾身——为人谋而不忠乎？于朋友交而不信乎？传不</P> 习乎？”</P> 『⒈5』子曰：“道千乘之国，敬事而信，节用而爱人，使民以时。”</P> 『⒈6』子曰：“弟子，入则孝，出则弟，谨而信，凡爱众，而亲仁。行有余力，</P> 则以学文。”</P> 『⒈7』子夏曰：“贤贤易色；事父母，能竭其力；事君，能致其身；于朋友交，</P> 言而有信。虽曰未学，吾必谓之学矣。”</P> 『⒈8』子曰：“君子不重，则不威；学则不固。主忠信。无友不如己者。过，则</P> 勿惮改。”</P> 『⒈9』曾子曰：“慎终，追远，民德归厚矣。”</P> 『⒈10』子禽问于子贡曰：“夫子至于是邦也，必闻其政，求之与？抑与之与？</P> 子贡曰：“夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。夫子之求之也，其诸异乎人之求之与</P> ？”</P> 『⒈11』子曰：“父在，观其志；父没，观其行；三年无改于父之道，可谓孝矣</P> 。”</P> 『⒈12』有子曰：“礼之用，和为贵。先王之道，斯为美；小大由之。有所不行</P> ，知和而和，不以礼节之，亦不可行也。”</P> 『⒈13』有子曰：“信近于义，言可复也。恭近于礼，远耻辱也。因不失其亲，</P> 亦可宗也。”</P> 『⒈14』子曰：“君子食无求饱，居无求安，敏于事而慎于言，就有道而正焉，</P> 可谓好学也已。”</P> 『⒈15』子贡曰：“贫而无谄，富而无骄，何如？”子曰：“可也；未若贫而乐</P> ，富而好礼者也。”</P> 子贡曰：“诗云：‘如切如磋，如琢如磨"，其斯之谓与？”子曰：“赐也，</P> 始可与言诗已矣，告诸往而知来者。”</P> 『⒈16』子曰：“不患人之不己之，患不知人也。”</P> 其实网上关于这方面还是挺多的，这也只是一部分，如不能满足，可继续搜索 或者买一本外研社出版的论语英文版，也不贵，好像才10左右 good luck

形容孔子美好品质的英语词汇1.intelligent [u026an"telu026adu0292(u0259)nt] adj. 智能的；聪明的2.humality 仁义3.studious ["stjuu02d0du026au0259s] adj. 用功的

译文：孔子是中国古代伟大的思想家、政治家、教育家，儒家学派创始人，其学说不仅影响了中国几千年的发展进程，还深刻地影响著每一个中国人的思想和行为模式，成为东方人品格和心理的理论基础，以孔子为代表创立的儒家文化博大精深，构成了中华民族传统文化的主流和基础，时至今日仍在社会生活中发挥着巨大的积极作用，他倡导仁爱，强调以礼乐制度支持的人际和谐,以和为贵，这也是现代社会构建和谐社会的思想。Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient "sage". His words and life story were recorded in The Analects. An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years" traditional Chinese culture. Much of Confucius" thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society. In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community.

【1】不患人之不己知，患不知人也。I will not be afflicted at men"s not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men.【2】工欲善其事，必先利其器。A craftsman who wishes to do his work well must first sharpen his tools.【3】君子欲讷于言，而敏于行。The superior man wishes to be slow in his speech and earnest in his conduct.【4】君子成人之美，不成人之恶，小人反是。The superior man seeks to perfect the admirable qualities of men, and does not seek to perfect their bad qualities. The mean man does the opposite of this.【5】道不同，不相为谋。Those whose courses are different cannot lay plans for one another.【6】性相近也，习相远也。By nature, men are nearly alike; by practice, they get to be wide apart.【7】过而不改，是谓过矣。Not to mend the fault one has made is to err indeed.【8】己所不欲，勿施于人。What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.【9】言必信，行必果。Keep what you say and carry out what you do.【10】有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?【11】人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him?【12】逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜。It passes on just like this, not ceasing day or night!【13】人无远虑，必有近忧。If a man takes no thought about what is distant, he will find sorrow near at hand.

confucius Confuius"s given name is Qiu also styled Zhongni. He was born in QuFu China 551 B.C. and died in 479 B.C..Confucius founded confuciansism--the famous philosophical school in the history of China. The kernel of his thought is Ren(benevolence) its form of expression is Li(the Rites).Confucius travlled from one state to another preaching his doctrines until he was old. He spent his last years in compiling and editing. His works include Book of Spring and Autumn Book of Odes Book of History Book of Rites Book of Music and Book of change. These six books regarded as the classical works of Confucianism have been handed down to the present time. He founded the first private school in Chinese history. He was the teacher of 3000 disciples among whom 72 were Sages. His major sayings were written down in Lun Yu (The Analects) one of the Four Books.Confucius lived in the late Spring and Autumn period(770-476 B.C). In his last years he lived in relative poverty and no longer enjoyed great fame. But after his death his thought continued to influence the Chinese people for over 2500 years. His doctrine on morality and ethics has had a great effect on their ideology strenthening the unity of the nation and making it known to the world for its courteous dealing and solemn rites.

In the 24th year of Duke Xiang of lu (549 BC), when Confucius was three years old, his uncle Liang died.（鲁襄公二十四年（公元前549年），孔子3岁时，叔梁纥病逝。）In the eleventh year of the reign of Duke Zhao of Lu (531 BC), Confucius took charge of animal husbandry.（鲁昭公十一年（公元前531年），孔子改作乘田，管理畜牧。）Because of the hard life when hewas young, I could do some simple work.（因小时候生活艰难，所以会干一些粗活。）In the 27th year of duke zhao of lu (515 BC), a doctor of the state of qi wanted to harm Confucius.（鲁昭公二十七年（公元前515年），齐国的大夫想加害孔子，孔子听说后向齐景公求救。）Duke Jinng of Qi said he was too old to use it.（齐景公说自己老了，不能用了。）Confucius had to flee to the state of Lu.（孔子只好仓皇逃回鲁国。）In the third year of Ai gong of Lu (492 BC), Confucius was 60 years old.（鲁哀公三年（公元前492年），孔子60岁，称自己这时候，能正确对待各种言论，不觉得不顺。）On February 11 (April 11, 479 BC), Confucius fell ill and died at the age of 73.（鲁哀公十六年二月十一日（公元前479年4月11日），孔子患病不愈而卒，终年73岁。）孔子思想：An important proposition of Confucius" thought of governing history is "straightness".（孔子治史思想的一个重要主张就是“直”。）That is to study history to seek truth from facts, not only to pay attention to the basis, but also to "knowing for knowing.（即研究历史要实事求是，不但要重视根据，而且要“知之为知之，不知为不知”（《为政》）。）谢谢！希望能帮助您!

中国古代的哲学家（思想家）

孔子老人家不会英语，也没有听说过英语，英语由古代从丹麦等斯堪的纳维亚半岛以及德国、荷兰及周边移民至不列颠群岛的盎格鲁、撒克逊和朱特部落的白人所说的语言演变而来，并通过英国的殖民活动传播到了世界各地。由于在历史上曾和多种民族语言接触，它的词汇从一元变为多元，语法从“多屈折”变为“少屈折”，语音也发生了规律性的变化。

the Analects of Confuciusanalects n.选集; 语录Confucius 【源自[孔夫子]的拉丁文名】 <<名词>>孔子

“孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家”翻译成英文意思是：confuciusisafamousthinkerandeducatorinthehistoryofchina"

英语介绍孔子时一般现在时态

孔夫子本人没有著作。《论语》是他弟子记录他的言行的，英语是theAnalects还有应该是Confucius"sworks~

1君子如欲化民成俗，其必由学乎！agentlemanifyouwouldliketochangeinfluencethepeopleandformmoralcustoms,thewilltolearnfrom!2学而不厌，诲人不倦。beinsatiableinlearningandtirelessinteaching.3工欲善其事,必先利其器。worktodohisworkwell,mustfirstsharpenhisdevice.

知网 是什么意思 知网(英文名称为HowNet)是一个以汉语和英语的词语所代表的概念为描述对象，以揭示概念与概念之间以及概念所具有的属性之间的关系为基本内容的常识知识库。 早检测是有知网VIP以及知网PMLC，或许可以看看。 中国知网的CNKI是什么意思? CNKI 即是中国知识基础设施工程（China National Knowledge Infrastructure）。CNKI工程是定实现全社会知识资源传播共享与增值利用为目标的信息化建 设项目，由清华大学、清华同方发起，始建于1999年6月。 国家知识基础设施（National Knowledge Infrastructure）的概念，由世界银行提出于1998年。在党和国家领导以及教育部、中宣部、科技部、新闻出版总署、国家版权局、国家计委的大力支持下，在全国学术界、教育界、出版界、图书情报界等社会各界的密切配合和清华大学的直接领导下，CNKI工程集团经过多年努力，采用自主开发并具有国际领先水平的数字图书馆技术，建成了世界上全文信息量规模最大的"CNKI数字图书馆"，并正式启动建设《中国知识资源总库》及CNKI网格资源共享平台，通过产业化运作，为全社会知识资源高效共享提供最丰富的知识信息资源和最有效的知识传播与数字化学习平台。CNKI 由中国学术期刊（光盘版）电子杂志社、清华同方知网（北京）技术有限公司主办，是基于《中国知识资源总库》的全球最大的中文知识门户网站，具有知识的整合、集散、出版和传播功能。CNKI 亦可解读为“中国知网”（China National Knowledge Internet ）的英文简称。《中国知识资源总库》（简称《总库》）是中国知网的核心资源，是由杨振宁 先生担任顾问委员会名誉主任，众多院士、科学家、专家学者参与策划、编纂的我国知识信息资源的大规模集成体。其目标是：在三年内将我国80% 的知识信息资源数字化并通过互联网传播；通过知识元的提取，实现对各类知识资源的跨库、跨平台、跨地域检索和链接。目前，中国知网已实现了国内25% 的知识资源的数字化和网络化共享。如果说，历史上《永乐大典》和《四库全书》对中华文化的保存和传承做出了历史性贡献的话，那么，《总库》的建设对传播中华文化、加速知识共享、促进全民素质和创新能力的提高，更具有不朽的贡献。特别是在中文资源如此匮乏的互联网上，《总库》建设对扩大中华文化影响、对中国人在互联网时代的话语权，具有重要意义。所以说，基于《总库》丰富资源的中国知网，不是一般的新闻网站或综合信息网站，而是信息量远远大于现有互联网信息资源的，真正能够满足人们知识需求的知识门户网站。 ————————引自百度百科，详情请移步百度百科“CNKI”，网址如下： 参考资料：baike.baidu/view/15874 知网中的J代表什么 你好，你所问的抚文献中不同类型的代表字母， 参考文献（即引文出处）的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下： M——专著 C——论文集 N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——报告 对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。 不知是否看明白了。 CNKI的知网节是什么意思 词频：指检索词在相应检索项中出现的频次。词频为空，表示至少出现1次，如果为数字，例如3，则表示至少出现3次，以此类推。比如输入“信息检索”选择全文途径，词频选择9，则表示“信息检索”在文章中必须至少出现9次。 最近词：检索系统记录了你最近输入过10个检索词。 扩展：就是指与你输入的检索词相关的词汇。 知网节：就是知识网络节点的简称。在检索结果页面上点击每一文献题名，即进入该篇文献的知网节。知网节上的内容包括：文献题录、文摘、参考文献、相似文献、相关研究机构、相关期刊等等， 知网收录是什么意思 知网也就是中国期刊网，是比较要权威性的一个学术论文网站。正规期刊都是可以查到的。发表的话主要是看你对期刊的要求，比如等级，类型啊什么的。发稿的话，你可以去欣启论文问问。 上知网什么意思 你是找资料吧？ 那知网应该是中国知网，上知网查资料，然后下载…… 下载要收费的，但是我可以免费下载的，想下载什么资料，就发消息给我吧。 网站地址在参考资料中……

I have many hobbies.我有许多爱好I like to do many things.我喜欢做很多事情Let me share a few. 让我来和大家分享一些I like video games.我喜欢玩电子游戏Computer games are cool,too.电脑游戏也很酷I could play them all day. 我可以玩它们玩一整天I like collecting cards.我喜欢收集卡片I play games with them.我用它们做游戏I trade them with my friends.我和朋友们一起玩Also,I like sports.我也喜欢运动I like being outdoors.我喜欢在课外活动中玩I love fresh air and sunshine. 我喜欢新鲜的空气和阳光Bike riding is fun.骑自行车很有趣Rollerblading is neat.放牛也很有趣Swimming is my favorite. 我最喜欢游泳In addition,I like to draw pictures.我喜欢画画I like to read comics.我喜欢读书But please don"t tell my parents.但是请不要告诉我的父母Furthermore, I like music.我也喜欢音乐I like to sing songs.我喜欢唱歌I"m learning to play an instrument.我在学习演奏一件乐器Of course, I enjoy learning English.当然，我喜欢学英语I like speaking with foreigners.我喜欢和搭档说英语I love watching Disney cartoons. 我喜欢看卡通片There is more I like to do.这里还有好多我喜欢做的事There is more I can say.这里有许多我会说I"ll save it for another day.我将要做其他的一整天

一、教学论文的撰写 教学论文是对教学领域中的问题进行探讨，研究和描述教学研究成果的文章。也就是说，教学论文既是教育工作者探讨问题，进行教学研究的一种手段，又是描述教学研究成果，进行学术交流的一种工具。撰写教学论文不仅有助于先进的教学思想的传播，新的教学方法的推广，推动教学质量的提高，而且也有助于教师自身的教育理论水平和业务能力的提高。 一论文写作中的常见问题 1．题目不够合适。表现为：题目过大，表述不明确或不清楚缺乏新意等。 2．观点不够明确。表现为：观点不鲜明，观点表述不清楚，没有自己的观点等。 3．论证不够充分。表现为：论据不明确，论据不足，论据与论点不符、论证不符合逻辑。 4．思路不够清晰。表现为：重点不突出，思路混乱，思路不符合逻辑等。 产生问题的原因： 1．赶时髦 这是从选题上说的，选题确实是非常重要的，这不只是对教学论文的写作而言，对其他文章来说，也是一样的。新颖独特的选题，往往是成功的一半，这话是有道理的。也许正因为如此，教学论文写作中选题一窝蜂的现象相当突出。前一阶段流行创新教育，许多老师写的都是“教师角色转变与学生学习方式转变”。目前又开始对“教学的有效性”、“预设与生成” 等方面进行研究。我们教师所写教学论文能走在教科研的前沿当然是好事。但是，对于处在教学第一线的教师来说，不要往这方面去挤，重要的是自己的实践，要根据自己对教育教学中存在的问题的认识和进行改革的亲身实践，总结出有个性的经验，设计有特点的教学方案。我们可选择一个符合自己特长的题目，切口要尽量小一点，对它作些深入的系统的研究，才有可能写出有一定价值的论文。朱永新教授认为：“中小学教育科研应该从记录教育现象、记录自己的思路开始，把这一串串的‘珍珠"用教育理论串起来，那就是一条非常美丽的项链”。 2．无新意 一篇文章有没有价值，全在一个“新”字，教学论文也是如此。一篇教育教学论文，如果没有新意，即使观点非常正确，材料绝对真实，语句相当流畅，也不算是一篇优秀论文。新意主要包括这样四点： 一是观点新，是不是提出了一个与众不同的深刻的，有现实性的观点。 二是方法新，是不是介绍了一种新颖独特的，操作性强的，并让人借鉴的教学方法。 三是材料新，是不是从你自己的实践中选取了真实而典型的材料来验证某一种新观点或新方法。 四是角度新，是不是从一个独特的视角来论述问题。 一篇教学论文不可能在以上四个方面都是新的，但至少要有一、二点是新的，如果一点新的地方也没有，那绝对不是一篇有价值的教学论文。为此我们写文章时，首先要扪心自问：我的论文哪一点是有新意的，如果自己也觉得没有新的地方，那还不如趁早放弃。 要想写出有新意的教学论文，首先要了解自己所研究的那个领域，看看人家对此已经有了什么研究，研究到了什么程度，而从来不看别人教学论文，喜欢闭门造车的人，就像做生意不了解行情做不好生意的人一样，是不可能写出有新意的教学论文的。写教学论文必须同时兼顾这样两方面的意义：一是实践意义，即在教学实践中有积极的作用；二是研究意义，即在理论和实践上有没有新的突破。如果只有一方面的意义，那么也肯定不能成为一篇好的教学论文。 3．欠实在 我们教师撰写教学论文应侧重于实践性和应用性。所谓实践性，是指它必须来自实践，服务于实践；所谓应用性，是指别人看了你的论文可能把里面的一些具体方法应用到自己的实践中去，或者可以借鉴。因此，评价一篇教学论文，非常强调可操作性。如有一位老师就对评价做了这样探讨，在考卷上添上三横，第一横是知识点的成绩，第二横写学生阶段学习态度，第三横写学生阶段学习能力进步情况，最终他写了一些操作很强、很有价值论文。 4．缺自我 撰写教学论文，也需要有一定的教育教学理论，以提高文章的品位和深刻性。只有实践过程，没有把它上升到理论高度的文章，严格地说，还不能算教学论文。但是，运用理论，并不等于大量抄袭。把实践上升到理论高度，也并不等于生硬地套上一些理论帽子。 教学论文的可贵之处在于一个实，在于有自我，有个性。实就是从实践出发，把它上升到理论后，再指导实践，为实践服务。有自我、有个性就是应该的表达自己的观点，自己的实践为文章的主体。别人的理论再多，即使都是当代最先进的，也还是别人的。 5．不缜密有些教学论文，有新意，内容实在，也有一定的可操作性，粗读觉得不错，可细细再读一读，发现语言上的毛病不少，或表达不当，或语句不畅。这种文章，有位编审做个这样比喻：就像一个姑娘，远看，身材苗条，楚楚动人，可走近仔细一看，脸上五官不正，雀斑甚多。 二写什么1、把问题变成论文2、把做法变成论文3、把想法变成论文4、把课题研究变成论文三怎么写（一）、论文写作的基本要求 1．学术性 教学论文一定要具有学术性，这一点是作品之所以称作学术论文的最起码的条件。没有学术性，也就失去了学术论文的资格。而学术论文与一般的议论文不一样，它应致力于探讨学术领域中的具有共性的学术现象。 2．科学性 由于理论总是发展的，所以论文的科学性必然是相对的。因此这里的科学性除了指论点在更大程度上能够反映教学现象的本质及其关系外，主要指论证符合逻辑，表达能让别人理解，具有一定的指导价值。 3．独创性 论文的独创性也是相对的，比如所提问题在教育教学领域有一定的新颖性。虽然是别人研究过的问题，但作者从新的角度提出了给人的启发的结论，能够用自己周密的分析，澄清人们对某一问题的混乱看法，用新的理论，新的方法提出解决教育教学实际问题的策略或思路。 4．实用性 实用性即为论文所提出的观点或理论对别人的教育实践有意义。表现为：直接可以应用、改造后可以应用、有指导作用、有启迪作用。 5．可读性 文章要写得说理明白、语言通顺、行文流畅、文字精炼、文风活泼、实实在在，最好还能做到深入浅出、引人入胜。 （二）、教育教学论文的基本要素 教学论文也具有论点、论据、论证三个要素，应做到： 1、要有一个鲜明深刻而有创意的论点 论点是论文的根本与灵魂，它既是出发点又是终结点，在论文中起到“纲”和“帅”的作用。要写好教学论文首先就要有好的论点：第一，论点要正确；第二，论点要集中。即要抓住事物的要害和关键，尽量用一句话或几句话明确地表达出来；第三，论点要鲜明。即要求论点本身清楚、明确、毫不吞吞吐吐，更不能模棱两可；第四，论点要深刻。即要求论点不肤浅，不是一般地表面地反映问题，只谈点做法和体会，而是要揭示出事物的实质和内在规律；第五，论点要新颖。要提出别人未提出过的见解和观点，给人以启迪，特别是教育教学论文，没有创新就没有价值。 2、要有充足准确而富有支持性的论据 论据在论文中起着基础作用。教育教学论文中常用的论据主要有以下五种： 第一种：事实性论据。包括两类：一类是现实中的事实，一类是历史上的事实。 第二种：经典论据，是指引用经典论述以及重要言论来充当论据。 第三种：原理论据，就是把学过的教育原理或一般的道理和规律拿过来当做证明论点的论据。 第四种：科学数字论据，就是通过科学实验、观察记录、统计分析等得到的数字作为论据。 第五种：格言、谚语等论据，运用人们在生活中总结提炼出来的富有哲理、广为人知的论据易于被人所接受。 3、要进行严密科学而又充分的论证 论证的关键就是说清楚论点正确的道理。我们小学教师在论证时往往出现“说不清其中的道理”的错误，具体表现为四种情况： 一是无理，即指作者仅能解释论点的表面意思，而说不清其中内含的机制与原理。 二是理浅，即指道理讲得浅显，浮在表面，深入不下去。 三是理短，即对论点有明确的认识，也能说出一两方面的理由，但说不完全。 四是理乱，即指文章中虽然讲了不少道理，但一会儿说这个道理，一会儿又说那个道理，比较混乱。 因此我们在写教育教学论文时，要注意以下几点： 首先：要理清论证的思路。 其次：要运用好推理和证明这两种具体的方法。 再次：选择合适的论证表达形式。 （三）、论文写作的基本程序 论文写作一般有这样六个步骤： 准备---选题---构思---写初稿---修改---打印。 准备，主要是收集资料。收集资料的途径是：①阅读有关的理论书籍；②调查研究，收集有关的论据；③查阅有关的文献资料；④ 收集自己平时教育教学中好的经验、典型事例，同时还要将材料的采集与整理“合二为一”来进行边搜集材料，边对材料进行整理。 选题，常言道：“题好一半文”。找一个合适的题目是关系到论文成败的关键，只要有了好的选题，整个论文的写作就等于有了一个可望成功的出发点。所以，选题这一步是非要走好不可。选题的最好考虑是： ①符合目前教育教学改革与发展的要求； ②选择自己有浓厚研究兴趣的题目； ③选择能够发挥自己业务特长的题目； ④选择自己有充分的资料的题目； ⑤选择一些有争鸣的题目，写出自己有独特的见解。 在撰写争鸣型论文时，要注意考虑与之争鸣的观点是否正确，是否有代表性，是否有一定的影响。若有，就可以撰写。 构思。论文构思，即解决布局和结构问题，虽然它因课题不同而不同，同时也因人而异。常见的结构形式有： ⒈并列式：就是围绕着论文的中心论点，从不同角度、不同侧面来进行论证，从而使人们对这个问题有一个全面的透彻的了解和认识。 ⒉递进式：就是采取步步深入、层层递进的办法，最终把问题论述得明明白白。 ⒊螺旋式：就是相互交错，螺旋上升的办法，把问题叙述清楚。 ⒋立体式：就是并列式论证中的某一方面采用递进式论证，或者递进式论证中的某一层次又采用并列式论证，是一种并列中有递进，递进中有并列的论证方式，这种论证的好处是：并列中的递进，使问题更加深入，而递进中的并列，又可使论证全面展开，从而达到充分论证的效果。 写初稿。一般要“一气呵成”，写作有个灵感，有这个灵感时，才能顺着思路去写，如果断断续续写文章根本写不下去。为此写初稿，要尽量把基本框架写完。修改。初稿完成之后，正常需要反复修改，不断进行充实，使之完善。修改的方式很多，主要是自己修改或请语言锤炼比较好的老师帮忙修改。修改主要看论点是否明确？论据是否充分？论证是否有力？结构是否合理？语言表达是否清楚。（四）、论文格式：1.论文标题 2.署名 3.摘要 4.关键词 5.文献标识码 6.绪论 7.本论 8.结论 9.注释和参考文献 二、常用论文类型及要求1、经验总结：积极开展教育经验总结，并撰写具有一定理论水平和实践意义的富于创新思想的较高层次的总结论文，是教师总结、提高教育教学水平和自身业务素质的重要途径，也是衡量一所学校教育科研能力的一个重要标志。1)、好的教育经验总结论文的标准：①创造性；②现实性；③效益性；④稳定性；⑤可操作性。2)、教育经验总结论文的基本写作要求：从教育经验总结的内容来看，主要应针对要总结的教育工作中的问题回答清楚“为什么”，“是什么”，“怎么做”。“为什么”就是要回答为什么要解决这个问题，有何意义。“是什么”就是要回答这个问题的概念是什么，包括哪些内容，有哪些具体要求。“怎么做”就是要回答解决这一问题的途径，方法，经验，规律，它是总结的重点部分，也是难点所在。要突出这一重点，突破这一难点，可从以下几方面入手：①分析成功与失败的大量实例，找出其经验，发现其规律，提炼出要总结的思想观点。②把提炼出的要总结的思想观点再升华一步，凝聚成若干以正面表述形式出现的小标题，从而构成总结的重点部分的框架和基本内容。③高质量的经验总结总是善于用事实说话。3）、经验型教育科研论文的类型及写作方法①纪实型的方法。即选取教学中比较精彩的一堂课，一个片断，或者转化后进生的有效做法，组织某项教育活动的做法，进行实录，然后进行分析，得出结论。②举例型的方法。即通过一个实例，介绍某种做法，阐述某种观点。③归纳型的方法。即对教学实践中的经验，体会归纳总结，概括出几条或几个方面，以揭示规律，得出结论。④探索型的方法。即针对教育教学工作中的有关问题，或者提出自己的见解，或者介绍有关的经验，对问题进行新的探索。在教育经验总结的写作过程中要注意以下几点：①选题方面要做到题目小，角度巧；②立意方面要做到观点新颖，探讨深刻；③要用自己带有个性的语言来表述，使文章内容有新意，但在总结介绍或下结论时，要有分寸，不要用不恰当的形容词；④选材方面要严选择，活运用；⑤别人的经验可以参考借鉴，但要有自己的思考，分析，⑥论文标题一般用《……的基本经验》《……的几点体会》《……的几点做法》《……的初步探索》《我是怎样……的》等格式。也可以此为副标题，另冠以能概括全部经验的突出主要经验的正标题。2、教学设计3、案例评析（课例）：一个课例应该由以下四方面要素构成。1、主题与背景主题与背景是课例的第一要素。因为课堂教学是复杂的，通常的听课评课往往对一节课从各个角度提出各种改进意见。课例研究并不追求通过一节课试图解决很多个问题，而是追求通过一个课例认识一个小的研究问题——这就是研究的主题，“小”才有可能“深”。研究的主题最好从课例的题目就能看出、或者开门见山地交代，这样别人可以直接地知道这个课例探讨什么方面的问题，而不要读了洋洋洒洒几千字还不知课例想解决什么问题。主题从哪里来、为何选择这个主题研究？这就需要交代该课例产生的背景。例如，背景中可以交代主题是来自教学中常见的困惑、来自教学中常见的困扰难点、来自课改中的核心理念的践行等。背景的交代可以使读者感受到整个课例的价值和意义所在，帮助读者理解课例中改进课堂教学的背景和条件等。2、情境与描述课例的载体是学科课堂教学，因此课堂情境的描述是必不可少的，但这不等同于把大篇的课堂实录直接摆进课例报告里。课例的描述不能杜撰，它来源于真实的课堂教学及其改进教学的研究过程，但其情节可以经适当的调整与改编，因为只有这样才能紧紧环绕主题并凸现讨论的焦点问起。各个课堂情境的选择要环绕课例研究的主题，有时为了凸显与研究主题密切相关的问题，甚至对片段中的语言也可做适当剪裁（如用省略号略去一些无关的话语、删去一些口头禅等）。除了使用第一手的直接的实录描述，也可以用作者讲述的方法对实录片段进行第二手的描写，包括作者本人当时的想法、感觉等都可以写入课例。围绕主题的情境描述要追求准确、精简、引人入胜。3、问题与讨论课例反映的是教学改进的过程，因此在课例描述中必然包含着提出的问题，以及由问题引发的后续讨论。因为课例反映的是教学研究“背后”的故事，交代产生这个课例的过程中的问题线索，使读者知道研究教学进展过程的来龙去脉，否则读者只是感觉到描述了一节“好课”，却不知产生这个“好课”的过程是怎样的。对读者来说，把研究授课的问题及其讨论梳理出来、展现过程，可能更具启发价值。课例描述中提出的问题有的可能在后续讨论中解决了，有的没有解决，但都可以呈现出来。甚至写作者可以提出一些开放思维的后续问题或两难问题，留下一个今后可以继续研究和讨论的空间。对于研究过程中提出的各种问题加以筛选和梳理，最好问题的线索能够环环相扣，这样对读者更具吸引力，而且可以引发深入思考和讨论。那种没有问题的课例描述，或者说只是一节“好课”的展示，实际上并不是我们在这里所倡导的。4、诠释与研究对课例本身加以解读，赋予它更高一层的普遍意义，就需要对课例作出诠释、增加一些研究的成分，这是课例的另一要素。不过这种诠释应该是归纳型的、内容紧紧扣在描述的课堂教学和讨论过程上，不宜夸大和跳得太高，否则极易沦为空谈，使得课例前面是具体的课堂教学实例，后面是一般理论的泛泛而谈。很多经验性论文就是这样的类型。对课例的诠释实际上就是交代对于课例研究中不同阶段出现的问题是如何理解和处理的、包括课堂教学为何如此改进等的原因，也就是要讲出课堂教学“好”在哪里、“不好”在哪里的理由，使读者明白这“背后的故事”。诠释可以选择多个角度解读、尽可能回归教学的基本层面而不要脱离课堂教学。对课例的“研究”，主要是通过一节课的改进和研究过程，究竟获得了哪些理性的认识或者初步结论，需要一些概括和提炼。这些“研究成分”使得课例不仅仅是对研究一节课的描述，而且对老师们在日后课堂教学中考虑一类课的改进有启发。4、教育叙事 ：教育叙事的基本方式 教育即生活。教师的职业特点决定了教学离不开教师的生活，因此，从内容上看，教育叙事通常包含三种基本方式，即教学叙事、生活叙事和自传叙事。 教学叙事 教学叙事即教师将某节课堂教学叙述出来，使之成为一份相对完整的案例。 教学叙事不只是将课堂教学进行录像。课堂教学实录不能表现教师的反思以及反思之后得到的教学改进策略。所以，教育叙事通常采取夹叙夹议的方法，将自己对教育的理解以及对这一节课的反思插入到相关教学环节的描述中用当时我想，现在想起来/如果再有机会上这一节课，我会等方式来表达自己对教学改进的考虑。 生活叙事 除了课堂教学，教师还处于社会生活中。所以教师的叙事除了教学叙事，还包括教师本人对课堂教学之外所发生的/生活事件的叙述，涉及教师管理工作和班级管理工作，体现为/德育叙事!管理叙事等，故统称为生活叙事。 自传叙事 自传叙事主要以自传的形式来表述生活事件及思考从中可以了解教师的教育观念、教育行为。老师们以这种说话的方式学会自我反思，并经由自我反思自我评价而获得某种自我意识。 教育叙事的特点 具体而言，教育叙事研究具有如下特点： 真实性、教育叙事研究所叙述的是自己经历的教育事件，是真实的教育故事，而不是设计的事件。因此，教师平时要善于捕捉这些教育故事的/源文件，只有原汁原味的教育事件才有特定的意义。 人物性、在教育叙事研究中，叙述者既是说故事的人，也是自己故事里或别人故事中的角色。叙述者将自己放到故事中，用自己的视觉去观察和体验，对事件中的某个角色(学生等)作出较为科学与合理的行为和心理假想，从而使故事的人物角色更饱满!更真实。 情节性、教育叙事谈论的是特别的人和特别的冲突问题或使生活变得复杂的任何东西，所以叙事研究不是记流水账，而是记述有情节、有意义的相对完整的故事。通常有与所叙述的教育事件相关的具体人物。 可读性、阅读者可以从叙事报告的故事情节中感知教学影像，清楚的把握教学中出现的问题，并用内省、比较的方法去解释报告中的问题解决方式。这种影像化的故事情节提供给阅读者身临其境的感受，对于教育者而言，这种感受对教学观念、方法的改进影响会更具体、更深入，因为我们知道，具体经验对于学习是一个非常重要的因素。 感悟性、教育叙事研究获得某种教育理论或教育信念的方式是归纳而不是演绎，也就是说，教育理论是从过去的具体教育事件及其情节中归纳出来的。 共享性、教育叙事研究与相结合，恰是一种天赋的完美结合。一个是教师的所思所想，一个是全球化的数字化交流环境，二者融为一体，为每一个普通教师的发展提供了一个崭新的空间。因此，教师写自己的教育叙事并结合发表交流，是理论和实践相结合的切入点。 教育叙事研究报告四要素 根据前面对教育叙事的描述，笔者认为，教育叙事研究报告包含以下四个要素： 教育思想 叙事研究首先就要体现教师的教育思想、理念。教师具有怎样的理念，秉持怎样的信仰，决定着教师在教育活动中的具体做法。关爱学生!尊重学生!以学生为本的信条会引导着教师在言行举止中事事从学生的立场出发，考虑学生将怎样看、怎样想，从而选择有益于学生成长的态度与行为。教育思想具体体现在教师的教育教学行为当中，表现为教师的教育理念先进与否!教育思想系统与否!教育认识独特与否。 教学主题 有了问题，学生就会产生心理困境，有心理困境才有学习动机。问题解决的前提是有需要解决的问题，问题解决的动机取决于问题情境。显然，无论是问题的提出，还是问题情境的建构都必须孕育在某个环境中，针对教学而言，就必须要有明确的教学主题。因此，教育叙事研究中，明确教学主题是必须的。 教学情节 教育叙事报告既区别于抽象的理论研究，又不同于缺乏理论总结与提升的经验实践。它最明显的特征是包含反思的理论提升，同时具有典型的!真实的故事情节。正是通过这样的情节，阅读者才能从叙事报告中看到教学影像，从而获得教学启示。因此，对教学事件的描述，尤其是对那些教学矛盾集中的那些事件进行细致描述(包含师生之间的对话，学生之间的交流，教师当时的感悟等)，在教育叙事研究中显得非常关键。 教学反思如前所述，教育叙事研究不是简单的叙述，不是课堂教学实录，它的文体可以采用夹叙夹议的手法，它的内容则包含教师在教学过后的思考。只有经过这样的反思过程，教师才会在经验实践的基础上进行理论提升，才能不断重新改进自己的教学。在教育叙事研究报告中，反思也是一个重要组成部分。5、辅导学生6、专题研究（调查、实验）报告7、教学反思（一）、什么是教学反思 “反思是问题解决的一种特殊形式，它是对于任何形式信念或假设性的知识，按其所依据的基础和进一步结论而进行的主动、连续和周密的思考。”——杜威。 “教学反思”也就是我们通常说的“教学后记”，主要是写教学中的心得体会、教后的得与失。（二）、怎样写教学反思 教学反思的表达采用的是叙事方式，它要求对于情境做出灵活过细的处置，具体问题具体解决。而且，在表达这种认识的叙事中“教师即反思者”，要求尊重主观性，以第一人称的文体来叙述。它的主要特点是题目小、篇幅短；层次和结构比较简单；内容单纯，涉及面比较小，写作材料便于收集、整理和使用。 1、捕捉题材。对于一线教师来说，不敢说每一节课都有体会最深的心得，但每天都要教学不同的内容，面对不同的学生，只要我们善于发现，做个有心人，反思的素材就有很多。主要从两大方面来思考： （1）成功的喜悦。我们可以从课后师生交谈中、 学生学习的成功中捕捉教学随笔的题材；在教学中，每一位教师都会有令人欣喜的、成功的实践。成功了，静下心来想一想：为什么会取得成功？主要收获在哪里？抓住自己的成功之点，深入地想，好题材就这样诞生了。课堂教学中，随着教学内容的展开，师生的思维发展及情感交流的融洽，往往会因为一些偶发事件而产生瞬间灵感，这些“智慧的火花”，常常是不由自主、突然而至，若不及时利用课后反思去捕捉，便会因时过境迁而烟消云散，令人遗憾不已。 （2）失败的教训。教学是一门遗憾的艺术，它不一定是完美的，教学中的失误是不可避免的。面对失误我们应该冷静地想一想：为什么会失误？主要症结在哪里？用什么方法弥补？应该吸取什么教训？即使是成功的课堂教学也难免有疏漏失误之处，对它们进行系统的回顾、梳理，并对其作深刻的反思、探究和剖析，使之成为今后再教学时吸取教训，进行改进和提高。 （3）对比的差异。在讲课过程中，感觉上的得心应手，学生思维火花的不断迸发……你也许会突然得到某种悟性与启示，产生平时没有想到的观点，发现平时没有注意到的材料，对此，我们要及时记录下来。作为教师，听课的机会是很多的，而且大多数情况下，听到的多数是优质课，在听课过程中，通过与自己的教学实践比较，找出差异。差异就是思维之源，就是产生新观念和新思想的导火线。只要我们深入而冷静地研究对比思考，你也许会有新的认识或新的疑点，那么请及时把它写下来。 此外，还可以对照自己的教学，通过阅读别人的教育教学论文或从浏览教育教学报刊杂志中捕捉写“教学反思”的题材。 2、锤炼题材。有了题材，如何得到一篇高质量的教学反思？你可能通常会觉得有话说不出说不好，这是因为尚缺乏理论积累，还不能从理论高度对手中的素材进行加工、整合，形成并表达出自己独到的视角。而这个至关重要的锤炼过程要求我们： （1）注重积累相关的理论。理论积累并无任何捷径，只有平常扎扎实实地研读并作好摘抄，久而久之，再处理起素材来自然会得心应手。 （2）认真解读他人反思成果。一般报刊杂志上都有一些非常贴近我们工作实际的教学反思，可以细细地分析一下它们是如何总结提炼得出自己观点的，久而久之，我们也会受到很大启发，感觉豁然开朗。 （三）、写教学反思的要求 l、立意要新。也就是你所写的教学心得体会，不仅自己觉得有新意，而且让别人看后也觉 得耳目一新，不可重复别人的观点。 2、案例要真。在叙事时，事例一定要真实，而且一定要把事实讲明白，使读者看后既懂， 又能学会用。 3、小中见大。从个别具体的事例出发，能体现出一般规律。注意把中心思想集中到一点上来，反映较深刻的问题和道理。使读者透过现象看本质，通过个性看共性。 4、结构多样。教学反思没有一个固定的格式。可以先简述文章的中心以及写此文的目的，再列举实例说清楚事实及过程，最后归纳小结教学的心得体会。 “我的教育故事”也属于一种教学反思型的案例，从结构分析来看，一般包含以下五个基本的元素：1、“背景”（事情的起因）；2、“主题”（反映什么问题）；3、“细节”（交代特定的内容）；4、“结果”（交代实施的即时效果）；5、“评析”（提出自己的看法）。 5、贵在坚持。写教学反思，贵在及时，贵在坚

知网即中国知网，或常被称为“中国期刊网”，是中国最大的学术论文数据库和学术电子资源集成商，收录了95%以上正式出版的中文学术资源，没有其它数据库能出其右。知网汇聚了数量庞大的学术期刊、专利、优秀博硕士学位论文等资源，是目前中国文献数据最全面的网上数字资源库，拥有超过2亿篇的文献总量，对任何论文写作者来说，是无法回避的信息检索和查重工具，被称为“中国知识基础设施工程”。扩展资料知网“垄断学术资源”“定价过高”成为关注和讨论的焦点因为雄厚的实力，让知网有着强势的议价权。早在2016年，北京大学图书馆曾发出通知，说“由于数据库商涨价过高”，与知网的续订谈判还在进行中，服务有可能中断。连北京大学都遇到“价格危机”，可想其它高校的情况。中国知网是为响应世界银行提出的“国家知识基础设施”概念而设立，是“中国知识基础设施工程”的组成部分，其根本的目的在于为知识生产和理论创新提供数据资源和工具，具有很强的普惠性和公益性。但如今看来，基础设施却似乎过度强调了其盈利一面。财报显示，2017年知网的毛利率为61.23%，2018年上半年为58.83%。而一般企业的毛利率能超过30%就已经很了不起。一边是对稿费、版权费用并不敏感的论文作者、编辑部，一边是为了完成论文而嗷嗷待哺的学生、学校，由此形成的剪刀差，让知网获得了不少利润。

所谓“绝压”，是指相对于绝对真空压力（为零）而言的压力。与绝压对应的叫“表压”。表压是相对于当地大气压（也认为它为零）而言的压力。完成绝压转换的压力传感器叫绝压传感器，比如测量大气压强的传感器就是绝压传感器。测量表压的传感器叫表压传感器，比如测量汽车轮胎充气压力的压力计。绝压＝表压＋当地大气压。

I 阅读第三册书中的以下章节 (30%)II. 通过以下问题和语境建立对话. (30%)和你的搭档讨论关于高中生活与大学生活的不同之处college life is different between high school life。high school life is based on family ，but college life is based on ourselves。A 是大一新生, B是毕业生. B 要给A 一些关于大学生活的意见A：nice to meet you，my name is Tom，i am a freshman。B：nice to meet you，too。i am a postgraduate.would you like your my campus life？A: fine，but how should i spend my campus life？B：well。you should Plan for campus life，the first year in college，Take part in community activities can help you to make new friends, at the same time，you should study carfully。A：i agree with you，thank you。B：you are welcome。和搭档分享你关于爱情的观点讨论电子书和纸质书的利弊向搭档描述你最喜欢的一位老师，及喜欢的原因讨论网上教育的利弊和搭档讨论成功的因素和搭档讲述你身边最成功的人及成功的原因III. 按给定话题讨论 (40%)大学中你期望学到什么大一你的目标是什么为什么初恋是难忘的你怎么看待校园爱情你怎么看待网络，说出观点网络是否占用家庭时间？说出观点孩子做错事时家长应该怎么做你是怎么定义成功的

入团誓词（宣言）：我志愿加入中国共产主义青年团，坚决拥护中国共产党的领导，遵守团的章程，执行团的决议，履行团员义务，严守团的纪律，勤奋学习，积极工作，吃苦在前，享受在后，为共产主义事业而奋斗。

知网(英文名称为How)是一个以汉语和英语的词语所代表的概念为描述对象，以揭示概念与概念之间以及概念所具有的属性之间的关系为基本内容的常识知识库。中国知网是全球领先的数字出版平台，是一家致力于为海内外各行各业提供知识与情报服务的专业网站。 知网是一个知识系统，而不是一部语义词典。尽管被我们称为知识词典的常识性知识库是知网的最基本的数据库。知网的全部的主要文件包括知识词典构成了一个有机结合的知识系统。例如，主要特征文件、次要特征文件、同义、反义以及对义组的形成，以及事件关系和角色转换等都是系统的重要组成部分，而不仅仅是标注的规格文件。