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旅游和环境的英文作文

2023-08-25 00:16:23
TAG: 旅游 英文
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clou

旅游和环境的英文作文1

  In recent years, tourism has been popular and played an important role in our nation"s economic growth. However, I am afraid that if tourism develops over, it will bring harm to the environment and give rise to many problems.

  There are a few reasons accounting for my views and I would like to list three of them. One of the examples is that a large number of woods and other plants were replaced by all kinds of accommodation facilities or scenic spots. That definitely breaks the ecological balance of these areas and destroys the natural beauty of the scenic spots. Worse still, more pressure has been placed environment protection in that many tourists left their garbage in the scenic spots. In addition, over-developed tourism will occupy large numbers of farmland and lead to the shortage of the land.

  In a word, tourism will be harmful to our environment if it is over development. Thus, I do not advocate that we development tourism without considering the environment. And we should keep the balance between tourism development and environment protection so that we can achieve the sustainable development between our nation"s economy and the environment.

旅游和环境的英文作文2

  Tourism has developed by leaps and bounds in the past decades in the whole world. Therefore, the issue of whether the tourism will bring harm to the environment is becoming a matter of concern. As for me, I hold that the tourism does more harm than good to the world.

  In the first place, the more places we travel to , the more pressure will be added to the environment. Take Dunhuang as an example, the greatest scourge these days comes from the tourists who swarm here by the busload , bring destructive amounts of carbon dioxide and moisture into the caves along with their eagerness for a glimpse of ages past .

  Secondly, It has become fashionable for travelers to drive a private car to the place they want to . In this case ,a large number of cars are mushroomed in the road and it cause twice as much as air pollution .At this speed ,we may live in a world which is full of dirty air instead of fresh air.

  In sum , although tourism is playing an indispensable role in the society , I still believe that we`d better try to limit its speed according to the harm that brings to the environment.

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2023-08-18 19:59:083

关于旅行的英语作文

I love traveling. Traveling not only broadens my horizons but also opens my eyes to the world. What"s more, it refreshes me. You can go to Disneyland and experience what it"s like to be “a child again!” You can visit one of the “seven wonders of the world,” such as the Grand Canyon and feel the magnificence of nature! You can taste the “magicial” ice water on a glacier, which can help you become more beautiful and make you live longer. Just forget all trifles and burdens that you have in your mind. Experience is a type of living knowledge. You"ll be sure to experience many new things when traveling. You don"t even need a tour guide if you long for more freedom. Just don"t forget to bring your backpack!关于旅游的英语作文(篇2)There are varied ways of defining tourism. Some people regard it as a pollution-free industry; others think of it an invisible school, Both are based on an accepted fact that tourism cannot only produce profits bearing no pollution along with, but help broaden knowledge and fortify healthy. Aside from the above there exists awidespread theory, claiming that whatever is of the ability to increase in capital belongs to productive industry. In this sense, tourism should hold a position in the scope and ought to be treated as such.It is true that there is some sense in the theory, yet another equally or even more important aspect should be granted more publicity to. Tourism, in terms of its objective purposes, has a social function which contributes to human communication. Coming from vadous social backgrounds, having motives and goals of every kind, tourists get together, draw close and exchange ideas of their own, from which a fresh state of mind will be created. So what kind of production is it? To the question we should have good reason to give a proper answer: it is a spirit production, a reproduction of relations of production. And the more frequently such exchanges are made, the more good they will do to promoting social and economic development of the mutual. If it is the case that making money through tourism means a dent we have made, so it foretells a fortune to provide cultural service along with tourism. Therefore, to keep close eyes on the latter involves changing our minds first, that is, tourism is by no means a pure economic concept, but takes plenty of ideological activities as its content.To sum up, unlike other economic forms, the profits from tourism economy cannot be measured completely by means of how much output value, profit, and foreign exchange it will produce. In addition to the reputation of pollution-free industry, its social and far-reaching profit should be probed more deeply. As such the existing scenic spots ought to be kept in good maintenance, and some new ones exploited. Moreover, constructing first-class soft and hard surroundings is desired to attract tourists, the foreign and the domestic。关于旅游的英语作文(篇3)Travel is a very good means of broadening a person39s perspective.Travel may relieve a person of boredom and gloom. Travelers can choose differentmodes of transportation which have advantage s and disadvantages. 范文 Travel is avery good means of broadening a person39s perspective. It makes you come intocontact with different cultures, meet people of different colors and go through peculiarrites and ceremonies. Travelling much, you will not on ly enrich your knowledge andexperiences, but also be aware of the vastness of nature. Travel may also relieve personof boredom and gloom. Travel brings you enjo yment and attraction. It gives you apleasant experience, which will disperse your boredom and make you forget whateverannoys you. Travel broadens your mind and leaves you good memories. Later, you maygo over these memories and enjoy your past experiences, thus keeping a fresh and sunnymind. 整理:The field39s his study, nature was his book. Travelers can choose different modes oftransportation which have advantage s and disadvantages. Airplanes are the fastest butalso the most expensive. Bus es and trains are less expensive, but they soon make youfeel cramped and unco mfortable. Ships provide you with comfort unless you get seasick.Most people c an afford traveling by bicycle, which, although slow, can limber upyour mus cles and get you closer to nature. I love traveling.Traveling not only broadens my horizons but also opens my eye s to the world.What39s more it refreshes me. You can go to Disneyland and expe rience whatit39s like to be “a child again” You can visit one of the “seven wonders of theworld” such as the Grand Canyon and feel the magnificence of n ature You can taste the“magicial” ice water on a glacier which can help yo u become more beautiful and makeyou live longer. Just forget all trifles and b urdens that you have in your mind. Experienceis a type of living knowledge. Yo u39ll be sure to experience many new things whentraveling. You don39t even need a tour guide if you long for more freedom. Justdon39t forget to bring your back pack关于旅游的英语作文(篇4)I went to three cities to play during last summer holidays. They are Beijing, Dalian and HuHehot.I went to Beijing more than eight times. Beijing is the capital of China. It"s a big city. I am very familiar with Beijing. It takes an hour and forty minutes from Nantong to Beijing by plane. There are many tall buildings in Beijing. It"s a modern city. My family visited the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Palace Museum, the Beihai Park, the Space Museum, etc. I went to the countryside of Beijing to go boating and fishing. It was very interesting. I went shopping in WangFuJing. I bought lots of souvenirs and other things. I like eating Beijing snacks. They are delicious. Don"t mithe Beijing Duck. It is really nice.Dalian is a beautiful city. Dalian is close to Beijing. I spent 5o minutes on the plane. Dalian is near the sea. I smelled the salty taste in the air. The roads are clean. There are lots of trees and flowers near the roads. There are many esplanades and Japanese buildings. There are some fountains in one of the esplanades. Some people flew kites and walked on the esplanades. We went to see the beach and the sea. The sea is blue. There were many swimmers in the sea. I lay on the beach to see the sky.Dalian is a very nice place to live.Huhehot is in Inner Mongol. There are lots of large grasslands. The grasslands are endless. The sky is bright blue. There were a lot of horses and sheep. They were running or eating grass. I rode a horse on the graland. I picked some colourful flowers. We drank the tea with milk. There is a small desert, it was very hot when I walked on it. The sand could sing.These trips helped me open my eyes. I enjoyed my day.
2023-08-18 19:59:311

tourism was not as important as it is today in china

过去中国的旅游业不如现在这样重要。
2023-08-18 19:59:403

医疗旅游的起源

呃,还有医疗旅游啊,我怎么没听过啊长见识了
2023-08-18 19:59:502

谁能给我一篇600字英语旅游见闻作文

Tourism,is developing rapidly in China.With the reform and opening -up policy being carried out,thousands upon thousands of foreign visitors are crowding into our country.They are eager to see this old mysterious land with a splendid culture of more than 5,000 years.Tourism as a form of enterprise brings China a lot of benefits.In the fires place,it is financially beneficial to the economic development of China.As our know,China needs more and more foreign currencies for its modernization program.Tourism is one of the most important channels to obtain currencies.Secondly,tourism enables the Chinese people to know more about the outside world.On the other hand,the foreigners who have visited China are deeply impressed by the latest developments of out country and the friendliness and hospitality of our people.Reports by visitors to China about how courteous and helpful most Chinese were to them are often printed in newspapers of many different countries.It is clear that tourism contributes a great deal to the friendship and mutual understanding between the Chinese people and people all over the world.
2023-08-18 20:00:001

Tourism vacation_旅游度假英语作文300字

Have you ever been to Thailand? It"s a country in southern Asia. My parents and I spent some time in Thailand, and we spent our holidays here in Bangkok. Bangkok is a tourist attraction where there are many shops selling jewelry and clothes, and I bought a beautiful skirt there. My parents and I bought some durians there, which are so tasty that locals refer to them as " Gold pillows ". There are many strange fruits in Bangkok, such as sour corners, which are strange in shape and color. We also ate some small pineapples, which were sour and sweet, some of which were so small that I could eat them one at a time. There are also some Thai food which my father likes very much, but they are too spicy for me. Finally, we watched the dancing performance of Thai beauties. I really like traveling to other countries. I hope I can go to more places in the future. Travel can let me see more interesting things, can let me know more friends, learn about the beauty of different countries. I plan to go to Sanya for my next vacation, because my friend just spent her vacation there. She stayed in the hotel there and learned to swim in the swimming pool. There are many coconut trees planted there. In Sanya, she ate delicious mango and seafood. She also met many foreign friends and communicated with them in English. She sent me many beautiful pictures. The sea is so beautiful! And the food looks delicious!
2023-08-18 20:00:211

什么是旅游业(tourism industry)?

旅游,来源于拉丁语的“tornare”和希腊语的“tornos”,其含义是“车床或圆圈;围绕一个中心点或轴的运动。”这个含义在现代英语中演变为“顺序”。后缀—ism被定义为“一个行动或过程;以及特定行为或特性”,而后缀—ist则意指“从事特定活动的人”。词根tour与后缀—ism和—ist连在一起,指按照圆形轨迹的移动,所以旅游指一种往复的行程,即指离开后再回到起点的活动;完成这个行程的人也就被称为旅游者(Tourist)。“旅游”从字意上很好理解。“旅”是旅行,外出,即为了实现某一目的而在空间上从甲地到乙地的行进过程;“游”是外出游览、观光、娱乐,即为达到这些目的所作的旅行。二者合起来即旅游。所以,旅行偏重于行,旅游不但有“行”,且有观光、娱乐含义。
2023-08-18 20:00:361

英语翻译,划线的句子能不能换成插入语表达方式,tourism,a fast developing

你改的有点问题,这样的话,句子就是“Tourism, which is a...”它语法是不对的。应该这样改:Tourism,which is a ...all over the world, now draws...
2023-08-18 20:00:443

旅游英语演讲稿

演讲稿是在一定的场合,面对一定的听众,演讲人围绕着主题讲话的文稿。现如今,需要使用演讲稿的.事情愈发增多,写起演讲稿来就毫无头绪?下面是我精心整理的旅游英语演讲稿,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。 旅游英语演讲稿1 I love traveling。 Traveling not only broadens my horizons but also opens my eyes to the world。 What"s more, it refreshes me。 You can go to Disneyland and experience what it"s like to be “a child again!” You can visit one of the “seven wonders of the world,” such as the Grand Canyon and feel the magnificence of nature! You can taste the “magicial” ice water on a glacier, which can help you become more beautiful and make you live longer。 Just forget all trifles and burdens that you have in your mind。 Experience is a type of living knowledge。 You"ll be sure to experience many new things when traveling。 You don"t even need a tour guide if you long for more freedom。 Just don"t forget to bring your backpack! 旅游英语演讲稿2 There are varied ways of defining tourism。 Some people regard it as a pollution—free industry; others think of it an invisible school, Both are based on an accepted fact that tourism cannot only produce profits bearing no pollution along with, but help broaden knowledge and fortify healthy。 Aside from the above there exists awidespread theory, claiming that whatever is of the ability to increase in capital belongs to productive industry。 In this sense, tourism should hold a position in the scope and ought to be treated as such。 It is true that there is some sense in the theory, yet another equally or even more important aspect should be granted more publicity to。 Tourism, in terms of its objective purposes, has a social function which contributes to human communication。 Coming from vadous social backgrounds, having motives and goals of every kind, tourists get together, draw close and exchange ideas of their own, from which a fresh state of mind will be created。 So what kind of production is it? To the question we should have good reason to give a proper answer: it is a spirit production, a reproduction of relations of production。 And the more frequently such exchanges are made, the more good they will do to promoting social and economic development of the mutual。 If it is the case that making money through tourism means a dent we have made, so it foretells a fortune to provide cultural service along with tourism。 Therefore, to keep close eyes on the latter involves changing our minds first, that is, tourism is by no means a pure economic concept, but takes plenty of ideological activities as its content。 To sum up, unlike other economic forms, the profits from tourism economy cannot be measured completely by means of how much output value, profit, and foreign exchange it will produce。 In addition to the reputation of pollution—free industry, its social and far—reaching profit should be probed more deeply。 As such the existing scenic spots ought to be kept in good maintenance, and some new ones exploited。 Moreover, constructing first—class soft and hard surroundings is desired to attract tourists, the foreign and the domestic。 旅游英语演讲稿3 Travel is avery good means of broadening a person39s perspective。 It makes you come intocontact with different cultures, meet people of different colors and go through peculiarrites and ceremonies。 Travelling much, you will not on ly enrich your knowledge andexperiences, but also be aware of the vastness of nature。 Travel may also relieve personof boredom and gloom。 Travel brings you enjo yment and attraction。 It gives you apleasant experience, which will disperse your boredom and make you forget whateverannoys you。 Travel broadens your mind and leaves you good memories。 Later, you maygo over these memories and enjoy your past experiences, thus keeping a fresh and sunnymind。The field39s his study, nature was his book。 Travelers can choose different modes oftransportation which have advantage s and disadvantages。 Airplanes are the fastest butalso the most expensive。 Bus es and trains are less expensive, but they soon make youfeel cramped and unco mfortable。 Ships provide you with comfort unless you get seasick。Most people c an afford traveling by bicycle, which, although slow, can limber upyour mus cles and get you closer to nature。 I love traveling。Traveling not only broadens my horizons but also opens my eye s to the world。What39s more it refreshes me。 You can go to Disneyland and expe rience whatit39s like to be “a child again” You can visit one of the “seven wonders of theworld” such as the Grand Canyon and feel the magnificence of n ature You can taste the“magicial” ice water on a glacier which can help yo u become more beautiful and makeyou live longer。 Just forget all trifles and b urdens that you have in your mind。 Experienceis a type of living knowledge。 Yo u39ll be sure to experience many new things whentraveling。 You don39t even need a tour guide if you long for more freedom。 Justdon39t forget to bring your back pack 旅游英语演讲稿4 I went to three cities to play during last summer holidays。 They are Beijing, Dalian and HuHehot。 I went to Beijing more than eight times。 Beijing is the capital of China。 It"s a big city。 I am very familiar with Beijing。 It takes an hour and forty minutes from Nantong to Beijing by plane。 There are many tall buildings in Beijing。 It"s a modern city。 My family visited the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Palace Museum, the Beihai Park, the Space Museum, etc。 I went to the countryside of Beijing to go boating and fishing。 It was very interesting。 I went shopping in WangFuJing。 I bought lots of souvenirs and other things。 I like eating Beijing snacks。 They are delicious。 Don"t mithe Beijing Duck。 It is really nice。 Dalian is a beautiful city。 Dalian is close to Beijing。 I spent 5o minutes on the plane。 Dalian is near the sea。 I smelled the salty taste in the air。 The roads are clean。 There are lots of trees and flowers near the roads。 There are many esplanades and Japanese buildings。 There are some fountains in one of the esplanades。 Some people flew kites and walked on the esplanades。 We went to see the beach and the sea。 The sea is blue。 There were many swimmers in the sea。 I lay on the beach to see the sky。Dalian is a very nice place to live。 Huhehot is in Inner Mongol。 There are lots of large grasslands。 The grasslands are endless。 The sky is bright blue。 There were a lot of horses and sheep。 They were running or eating grass。 I rode a horse on the graland。 I picked some colourful flowers。 We drank the tea with milk。 There is a small desert, it was very hot when I walked on it。 The sand could sing。 These trips helped me open my eyes。 I enjoyed my day。 旅游英语演讲稿5 Last summer holiday, I went to Hainan with my family。The weather was terrfifc! The sky was bule more than I could describe, the sea was blue and bright more than I could believe。 Walking by the sea is just like being in the oil painting! We sailed to an island called Xidao。 I swam there。Swimming is the sea is quite different from that in a pool。 Because the depth is various all the time。 Maybe the water can"t afford you this minute, and then it will flow over your head! Besdieds the swimming, we also had a good meal there。 We had a nice seafood dish。 I forgot the name of that conch,but I bought back the shell。 If you want to have a look, you may ask me。 Or, we may go to Hainan together, for I am always hoping to come to that place again。 I really like that place, a place of bule and brightness。
2023-08-18 20:00:531

求翻译!!! 旅游业是当今世界发展最迅速,最有潜力的新兴产业之一。随着经济的深入和可持续发展,旅游业

你用谷歌在先翻译指直接黏贴上去就可以了呀
2023-08-18 20:01:024

cultural tourism是什么意思

文化旅游业希望能帮到你,如有疑问,可追问~
2023-08-18 20:01:105

简述sport tourism 和 sports tourism的异同

Extreme sports is asport with combination of some difficulties , and collectivation, great challenging sports such as skateboarding, BMX, rock climbing, snowboarding, surfing in the air, street dive, parkour, skateboarding, BMX, Alice double limit limit water skiing and limit skating Extreme tourism is a tourism that involves travelling to dangerous places or participating in dangerous events.Somebody describes vividly as the paragraph:"Ah,vacation!Balmy breezes,ice-cold margaritas,compliant snipers.Snipers?Yep.The newest kick for jaded tourists who have hit all the world"s hot spots is to hit the world"s really hot spots.The idea behind what some are calling terror travel or extreme tourism is basically to take the U.S.State Department"s travel advisory warning list and make an itinerary out of it."—Justin Doebele,"Club Dead," Forbes,December 15,1997
2023-08-18 20:01:371

英语高手翻译下,采纳哦  Tourism   Tourism is now becoming a

旅游旅游是现在在许多国家成为一个蓬勃发展的行业。这是显而易见的,它导致的酒店和购物设施的发展,这为当地人民的工作,否则不会存在工作。因为游客特别喜欢的地方工艺品的例子,一个新行业往往是为了满足这一需求。仍然,游人的到来总是导致改善港口,机场和道路。当地人将受益于这些改进自己,同时,游乐园,动物园和其他设施逐步吸引越来越多的游客。与来自不同地方的人们之间的频繁接触,科学必将推动,可能导致全世界人们更好的理解。
2023-08-18 20:01:453

tourist attractions; attraction for tourism是什么意思啊??

tourist attractions,景点,旅游圣地。attraction for…对…的吸引力。attraction for tourist,对游客的吸引力。
2023-08-18 20:01:531

世界旅游组织的英文介绍

世界旅游组织(World Tourism Organization )The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO/OMT) is a specialized agency of the United u200eNations and the leading international organization in the field of tourism. It serves as a u200eglobal forum for tourism policy issues and a practical source of tourism know-how.u200eUNWTO plays a central and decisive role in promoting the development of responsible, u200esustainable and universally accessible tourism, paying particular attention to the u200einterests of developing countries.u200eThe Organization encourages the implementation u200eof the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism, with a view to ensuring that member u200ecountries, tourist destinations and businesses maximize the positive economic, u200esocial and cultural effects of tourism and fully reap its benefits, while minimizing its u200enegative social and environmental impacts.u200eIts membership includes 160 countries and territories and more than 350 Affiliate u200eMembers representing the private sector, educational institutions, tourism associations u200eand local tourism authorities.u200eDirect actions that strengthen and support the efforts of National Tourism u200eAdministrations are carried out by UNWTO"s regional representatives (Africa, the u200eAmericas, East Asia and the Pacific, Europe, the Middle East and South Asia) based at u200ethe Headquarters in Madrid.u200eUNWTO is committed to the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, geared u200etoward reducing poverty and fostering sustainable development.u200e
2023-08-18 20:02:011

tourism mountain是什么意思

2023-08-18 20:02:102

求一篇关于旅游业的英语作文,在线等

通过e-mail的方式给朋友介绍你的旅游计划,包括活动内容 目的 时间 地点 需要准备的东西 约定的时间 见面的地点
2023-08-18 20:02:213

如何修理保时捷车PSM故障

维修困难,需要更换。保时捷PSM故障,即稳定管理系统PSM(PorscheStabilityManagemtnt)故障!该系统采用多个传感器对行车的方向,速度、横摆速度及横向加速度等信息进行实时监控,并随即计算出车辆的实际行驶方向。一旦车辆出现转向过度或转向不足的趋势,PSM将对相应的车轮实施独立制动,以使汽车不偏离正确的行驶方向。如果该系统坏了,维修比较困难,需要更换。扩展资料:故障代码为电气故障,表明ABS泵断路或短路也就是不通电,维修技师与车主沟通要拆掉ADS泵拆解开进行再次测量,车主同意后把ADS拆掉分解开用万用表测量就是ABS泵电机断路,分解后发现电机插孔里有水的痕迹,有可能是进水造成的电机烧蚀断路。PSM故障ABS不工作造成每个车轮没得到电脑提供的刹车油压造成的,车辆一旦出现刹车方面的故障一定要尽快查修。根据工作原理分析造成故障的原因有以下几种:1:PSM系统相关程序故障。2:ESP组合传感器线路故障。3:ESP传感器本身故障。参考资料来源:百度百科——PSM(车身稳定控制系统)
2023-08-18 20:00:291

och oms ots是什么意思

光通道层(OCH)、光复用段层(OMS)、光传送层(OTS)
2023-08-18 20:00:301

用英语翻译莫扎特的简介(带中文翻译)

1756年1月27日, 沃尔夫冈·阿玛多伊斯·莫扎特出生于奥地利的萨尔茨堡。Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in Salzburg Austria in Jan. 27, 1756 .他的父亲列奥波尔得·莫扎特是一个作曲家和小提琴家。1743年,他被任命为萨尔茨堡执政的王子大主教伯爵音乐机构的第四位小提琴手。四年后,他在萨尔茨堡与安娜玛丽亚结婚。His father is Leopold Mozart, who was a composer and violinist . In 1743, he was appointed as fourth violinist in the musical establishment of Count Leopold Anton von Firmian, the ruling Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg. Four years later, he married Anna Maria in Salzburg.莫扎特从他童年时期就显示出惊人的能力和极高的音乐天赋,在父亲的指导下学习音乐。从1762年开始,在父亲的带领下,6岁的莫扎特和10岁的姐姐安娜开始漫游整个欧洲大陆巡演。他们去过慕尼黑,法兰克福,波恩,维也纳,巴黎,伦敦,米兰, 佛罗伦萨,那不勒斯,罗马,阿姆斯特丹等众多地方,所到之处都引起巨大反响! 17岁时,莫扎特在萨尔茨堡法院担任音乐家 。 在维也纳的最后几年里,他创作了许多他最著名的交响乐,协奏曲和歌剧,以及安魂曲的部分内容。Mozart showed prodigious ability and the extremely high music talent from his earliest childhood. He studies music under father"s guidance. From 1762, under father"s leadership, 6 year-old Mozart and 10 year-old elder sister Anna started the roaming entire Europe continent performance on tour. They have been to Munich, Frankfurt, Bonn, Vienna, Paris, London, Milan, Florence, Naples, Rome, Amsterdam and so on many places, everywhere one visit cause the huge stir all! At 17, Mozart was engaged as a musician at the Salzburg court. During his final years in Vienna, he composed many of his best-known symphonies, concertos, and operas, and portions of the Requiem.他是古典作曲家中最受欢迎的作品之一,他对随后的西方艺术音乐的影响深远。He is among the most enduringly popular of classical composers, and his influence is profound on subsequent Western art music.
2023-08-18 20:00:371

历史上的意大利黑手党家族

彭格列家族、- -
2023-08-18 20:00:273

关于拉丁人的起源有什么传说?

据《荷马史诗》记载:公元前1184年,阿伽门农率领的希腊联军运用“木马计”,最终攻下小亚细亚城市特洛伊。按当时惯例,胜利者把这座曾经一度繁荣的城市夷为平地,特洛伊人惨遭屠杀。罗马人的历史就从这里展开了。传说特洛伊城被攻陷的那天晚上,希腊士兵像恶狼一样在整座城中疯狂砍杀,城内一片惊慌混乱,遍地都是鲜血和尸体。特洛伊将领伊尼阿斯率军奋力抵抗,然而,当他看见特洛伊国王普里阿摩斯被杀时,立刻意识到这座城市就要毁灭了。于是,伊尼阿斯拉着儿子阿斯卡尼俄斯(Ascanius)的手,背上父亲安喀塞斯(Anchises),悄悄逃离了这座熊熊燃烧的城市。伊尼阿斯的妻子克瑞乌萨(Creusa)原本也一起随行,但不知怎么在混乱中走失了。绝望的伊尼阿斯只好回去寻找妻子,他看见了克瑞乌萨的幻影,她叫他不要再找,于是他马上逃走了。他们来到特洛伊附近的伊达山,在那里建了一支船队,准备进行一次航海。他们先来到色雷斯,在那里伊尼阿斯遇上了普里阿摩斯的儿子波吕多洛斯(Polydorus)的阴魂,波吕多洛斯叫他马上离开。于是他们便前往提洛(Delos)向阿波罗神祈祷。阿波罗神告诉伊尼阿斯,他将会找到他先祖诞生的地方。安喀塞斯告诉大家,这个地方一定是克里特岛——那是特洛伊人的祖先透克罗斯(Teucer)的故乡。他们来到克里特岛后,神给伊尼阿斯托了一个梦,告诉他那个地方实际上是指意大利,是他另一个先祖达耳达诺斯(Dardanus)的故乡。特洛伊人的船队又得到预言家赫勒诺斯的指点,建议伊尼阿斯前往西西里。在去西西里的路上,他们遇上了一对孪生怪物——库斯拉和卡律布狄斯,这对怪物曾威胁过归家的英雄奥德修斯。然而,当他们到达西西里时,安喀塞斯在这艰险的航行中耗尽了最后一丝力气之后死了。伊尼阿斯悲痛地将父亲埋葬在厄里克斯(Eryx)附近的德雷帕农角(Drepanum)上,并建了一座纪念他不朽的母亲维纳斯的神庙。女神朱诺(Juno)得知伊尼阿斯要建立一个强大的神族,将来的某一天将摧毁位于北非的突尼斯(Tunisia)海岸上的一座城市迦太基,而这座城市是她最喜爱的一座。当伊尼阿斯的船队从西西里出发朝意大利进发时,她命令风神之王埃俄罗斯放出全部风神,伊尼阿斯眼睁睁地看着他的船队在飓风中沉入大海。幸存者被海浪冲到迦太基,女王狄朵(Dido)热情欢迎他们的到来,并为他们举办了大型的晚宴。宴会后伊尼阿斯向女王述说了他的冒险经历,从木马计到特洛伊的毁灭,以及之后的飘泊生活。维纳斯想帮助伊尼阿斯,于是派丘比特(Cupid)使狄朵爱上他。爱情魔法应验了,狄朵痴迷地倾听伊尼阿斯的叙述,这时她感觉自己的血液沸腾了,爱情之火燃烧着她的心。这一切自然逃不过众神之母朱诺的眼睛。她感到时机已到,决定把伊尼阿斯骗离该去落脚的意大利。第二天,狄朵和伊尼阿斯在林间打猎时,朱诺降了一场暴风雨。情急中,女王和伊尼阿斯找到了一个岩洞,借以躲避愈加凶猛的风暴。在洞里,他们终于抑制不住强压在心底的激情,完成了灵与肉的完美结合。然而,朱庇特(Jupiter)派来了信使墨丘利(Mercury),提醒伊尼阿斯他的伟大目标,告诉他必须马上离开迦太基。伊尼阿斯不知道如何把这个消息告诉狄朵。狄朵一听说他正在准备离开时,气得简直要疯了。她骂伊尼阿斯是叛徒,并发誓无论他走到哪里都要放一条恶犬追捕他。伊尼阿斯强忍住巨大的悲痛,终于决定踏上去往意大利的征程。悲痛欲绝的女王叫来她的妹妹安娜(Anna),她请求妹妹给她弄来一大堆柴,把那些引起她回忆的伊尼阿斯所有的物品都烧掉,包括他留下的那把利剑。与此同时,神的信使墨丘利托梦给伊尼阿斯,叫他在天明以前离开迦太基。黎明时分,狄朵亲眼看见伊尼阿斯的船队缓缓起航,她不停地咒骂,诅咒他们将有一个多灾多难的航程,并希望将来他的子孙会败在迦太基人手下。然后,她从剑鞘中抽出利剑,爬上高高的柴堆,将剑刺向自己的喉咙,一下便扑倒在柴堆上层用英雄的衣衫和被褥铺成的床上。她的身体很快就被烧成灰烬。远远地航行在海上的伊尼阿斯船队,看见了迦太基冒出的浓烟,却丝亳不知道那里发生的可怕的一切。特洛伊人又一次来到西西里岛,他们在那儿停下来为伊尼阿斯的父亲安喀塞斯举行了殡葬仪式。在这里朱诺鼓动特洛伊人将他们的船只和暂居之地烧毁,后来在这里建造了塞盖斯塔城(Egesta)。然而女神又不允许这些流浪者留居于此。他们航行至那不勒斯(Naples)附近的库迈城(Cumae),在那里,伊尼阿斯遇上了一个占卜者,占卜者警告伊尼阿斯前面的路途很艰险,而且意大利正在进行一场恶战。伊尼阿斯乞求她允许自己拜访冥府,他想再看一眼生前亲爱的父亲。占卜者告诉他:要去冥府容易,但回来却很艰难。最终她同意护送他前往,但必须找一枝神圣的美洲寄生子属植物的枝条方可安全通行。临近黄昏,他们穿过忽明忽暗的通道向冥府走去。他们先来到冥河(Styx)岸,船夫卡隆(Charon)正吃力地把死者的阴魂运到河对岸,于是他们便请求卡隆帮忙。卡隆同意了,尽管他们活人的身体站在船上可能会导致船下沉。一登陆,他们首先经过一群儿童阴魂,然后来到自杀的亡魂的身边。再过去,看见一群殉情者的阴魂,狄朵便是其中的一个。伊尼阿斯竭力对她说,他爱她,然而却只能违心地离开她去追逐自己注定的命运,但狄朵默默地走开了。占卜者把伊尼阿斯带至战争英雄的阴魂区,他见到许多朋友并和他们说话,然后他们经过一条火河,那里围困着一群遭受永生惩罚的阴魂。他们终于来到那块受到神的保佑的阴魂生活的绿地。那里阳光明媚,空气清新。伊尼阿斯的父亲一看见儿子来了,高兴得流下了眼泪。看着老泪纵横的父亲,伊尼阿斯张开双臂试图拥抱他,然而他的双臂穿过父亲阴魂的身体什么也没有触摸到。安喀塞斯向儿子解释了死亡、洗罪和再生的秘密,并告诉他将有一群人要诞生。这些人便是伊尼阿斯的子孙,他们终将有一天会给罗马带来无限荣光。父亲还告诉他,他将会和一个名叫拉维尼亚(Lavinia)的意大利公主缔结姻缘。伊尼阿斯吃惊地看着父亲。然后他父亲带着他们俩走到通往阳世的大门口。伊尼阿斯回来后召集所有船员,向拉丁姆(latium)地区驶去。拉丁姆国王拉丁努斯(Latinus)最近做了个奇怪的梦。他梦见自己的女儿拉维尼亚将要嫁给一个陌生男子,而且他们的国家会成为一个伟大的国度。但拉丁努斯已经把女儿许给了当地卢图利部落(Rutulian)的君王图努斯(Turnus)。然而当他接到伊尼阿斯捎来的信时,便想起了梦中的情景,于是就把公主许给了他。朱诺仍然念念不忘要让特洛伊人遭殃,决定去唆使图努斯。与此同时,朱诺在拉丁姆人与特洛伊人之间挑起了一场争端,导致其中两名拉丁姆人被杀。于是当地所有的部落以及拉丁姆人在图努斯的领导下联合起来,驱逐所有的特洛伊闯入者。拉丁姆军队开到了台伯(Tiber)河岸,伊尼阿斯看着如此庞大的军队马上慌了,因为特洛伊人的人数实在太少了。然而河神托梦给伊尼阿斯,建议他去拜访不远处的阿卡迪亚(Arcadia)国王埃迈德尔(Evander),并和他们结成联盟。后来,埃迈德尔同意援助伊尼阿斯并且邀请坎特鲁斯坎加入联盟。为了表示诚竟,国王还派自己的儿子帕拉斯与伊尼阿斯同行。为了使伊尼阿斯赢得胜利,伊尼阿斯的母亲维纳斯在一声惊雷中从天而降,给她的儿子送来一块华美而又坚固的盾牌。这块盾牌是火神伏尔甘(Vulcan)应妻子维纳斯的请求打造的。她告诉儿子,这块盾牌将使他征战沙场而百战不败。然而朱诺对伊尼阿斯的怒火还没消除,她传达命令,要图努斯乘虚袭击特洛伊人的营地,图努斯立即听命,照计行事。于是战争开始了。伊尼阿斯带着阿卡迪亚援军回来了,战斗还在继续进行,然而悲哀的事情发生了,图努斯杀死了埃迈德尔的儿子帕拉斯,并从他尸体上抽下腰带作为战利品。伊尼阿斯没有和拉丁努斯争吵,而后者则对他热情款待,还要把自己的女儿嫁给她,而且建议,希望他能停止这场血战,让他和图努斯单独决斗。最终图努斯同意决斗,尽管王后阿玛塔(Amata)在一旁极力劝阻。王后很喜欢图努斯,直到如今仍然想让他成为拉维尼亚的丈夫。朱诺决定不惜一切彻底毁灭特洛伊人。她警告图努斯的妹妹朱特娜(Juturna),她的哥哥将会在与伊尼阿斯决斗中死去;如果要救他,就必须想法停止这场决斗。于是,朱特娜化装成一个拉丁姆土兵,唤醒卢图利人,带着他们冲进了战场。伊尼阿斯正准备召集他的随从回去,忽然他的背部中了一箭。图努斯看见伊尼阿斯中了一箭,顿时欣喜万分,立即跳下战车,杀了许多特洛伊人。战争眼看又迫近了,这时伊尼阿斯的医生绝望地把射在他身上的箭拔出,但堆纳斯立即用魔法把草药敷在了他的伤口上。伊尼阿斯顿时恢复了元气,带领着军队生龙活虎地冲入战场。在远远一角的朱特娜看着他,想起了朱诺的警告。朱特娜迅速把驾驶战车的人推开,抓起缰绳驾驶图努斯的战车在战场上狂奔以躲开伊尼阿斯。但这一切都是徒劳的,伊尼阿斯在静静地等待着这场决斗。站在城墙上观战的阿玛塔,一心希望图努斯能胜利,如果她喜爱的英雄图努斯被杀,那么她也将绝望地结束自己的性命。这时,图努斯意识到是自己的妹妹在捣乱,这尤其使他恐惧。最终,他没能躲过伊尼阿斯,两人最后面对面站在了一起。命运会决定一切的,因为诸神也意识到一切都将见分晓了。朱庇特拿出了一杆秤,称他们俩的命运。他召集诸神开了一次会议,包括朱诺在内,他要诸神再也不要干涉这件事了。刚开始图努斯的箭射中了伊尼阿斯,但箭很快就折成了两截。他知道,命运要与他作对了。他像在梦中一样试图逃走,然而双腿却不听使唤。他只是徒劳地往战车四周看了看。就在图努斯犹疑的关头,伊尼阿斯使尽全身的力气将长矛刺向图努斯。顿时像卷起了一场疾风暴雨,直刺得图努斯的盔甲铛铛响,长矛最后刺在他的大腿上。这位强壮的武士的双膝顿时弯了下来,嘴里发出一声绝望的狂叫,这声音久久地在山谷中回荡。终于,图努斯把手伸向伊尼阿斯,接受了伊尼阿斯赢得了娶拉维尼亚的权力的事实。他说他们之间的仇恨现在应该结束了,并请求伊尼阿斯将他的尸体还给他父亲。伊尼阿斯犹豫片刻,但他忽然想起了自己的父亲,于是被图努斯的话感动了。他几乎要放弃结果眼前这位敌人性命的想法。这时他的目光落在年轻的帕拉斯那条腰带的饰钉上,这激起他心头所有的仇恨和怒火,他把长矛愤然地刺向图努斯的胸口。图努斯的四肢霎时瘫软下来,随着一声可怕的哀嚎,他慢慢地走向了另外一个世界。从此,伊尼阿斯就和族人们在拉丁姆地区定居下来。后来,伊尼阿斯的儿子在台伯河附近建立了阿尔巴·隆加城。从此,这些特洛伊城的幸存者终于重建了家园,安居乐业。传说他们就是罗马人的祖先。最初,伊尼阿斯在这里建立了一座城市,并根据妻子的名字取名为拉丁尼姆。不久,他有了自己的儿子,名字叫阿斯加尼乌斯。此后,特洛伊人和当地土著居民进一步通婚,两方的法律、宗教等都结合起来。伊尼阿斯决定将自己的人和拉丁努斯的人一起都以拉丁努斯国王之名为名,称为拉丁人。此后,特洛伊人和阿布奥瑞金人都遭到了近邻部落路图里人的侵袭。为了保卫自己的生存空间,双方决定联合作战。在战斗中,拉丁努斯和伊尼阿斯双双阵亡,王位由伊尼阿斯的儿子阿斯加尼乌斯继承。他即位后,决定离开拉丁尼姆,重新建立了阿尔巴·隆加城。阿尔巴·隆加的拉丁人几代之后又建立了一些殖民地,都称为古拉丁人。传说拉丁人共建有30个城市,散布在拉丁平原的北半部。他们共尊阿尔巴·隆加为首府,有共同的宗教节日,共尊伊尼阿斯和拉丁努斯为祖先。这就是关于拉丁平原上的拉丁人起源的传说。伊尼阿斯背父携子逃离特洛伊
2023-08-18 20:00:191