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Duane Stephenson [Feat. Gramps Morgan]的《Rescue Me》 歌词

歌曲名:Rescue Me歌手:Duane Stephenson [Feat. Gramps Morgan]专辑:Black GoldRESCUE作词:ECO

The Lonely Shepherd 歌词

歌曲名:The Lonely Shepherd歌手:Gheorghe Zamfir&James Last And His Orchestra专辑:By RequestI am lonely lonely lonelyI am lonely lonely in my lifeI am lonely lonely lonelyGod help me help me to survive!Remember first time we met day oneKids in the garden" playin" games heaven" funExcitin" and amazin" havin" a real friend of mineFeel my heartbeat and for real friend of mineFace to face and eye to eyeUsin" our hands to buy and supplyChillin" is cool from january to juneAnd we still stiked together like the glueAnd know the rulesForever you and i and believe it was clearIf i ever should fall i could count on you with no fearRunnin" out of time i see who"s fakeAlone without protection from all them snakesAll for one one for all i was toldBlack white yellow no matter if your young or oldNana"s in the house to let you knowWhat i see is how i fell and damn I"m aloneI am lonely lonely lonelyI am lonely lonely in my lifeI am lonely lonely lonelyGod help me help me to survive!Everybody"s tripppin" on meOh lord come help me pleaseI did some bad things in my lifeWhy can"t you rescue me "cause you"ve got all i needI know i got to pay the priceCheppin" thru the streets at night after a fuss and fightTears in my eyes i"m a man lookin" for the lightDark is the path i know he will rescue meThe lord is my shepard i"m cool despite emergencyWhom shall i fear exept the godThank you for the blessin" and the skils on the micFive years we know there"s no diggityFree at last see the light in meWhat goes up must come downI"ll be around while you heading towards deathtownAllways look forward hardly never look backSo many tears and the snakes on my jockNow i"m riding in my big fat rideYour ass is late so look for the lineNana in the house to let you knowWhat i see is how i feel so leave me aloneI am lonely lonely lonelyI am lonely lonely in my lifeI am lonely lonely lonelyGod help me help me to survive!Everybody"s tripppin" on meOh lord come help me pleaseI did some bad things in my lifeWhy can"t you rescue me "cause you"ve got all i needI know i got to pay the priceKnock on my door whom you lookin" forA dream or reality enemies at my doorEyes i realize it"s fantasize i must be highSo let me live before i dieOnce again grab the bottle twist the cap to surviveYour life is yours my life is mineNo emotions in this world full of liesStep by step and be versatileLove peace and cash that"s what is"s all aboutAlone by yourself than you lack there"s no doubt aboutI"m always into something making moves to improveWhat would you do if you were in my shoesBoom a letter oops another suicideMeet me for a ride at the boulevardNana"s in the house to let you knowWhat i see is how i feel and damn i"m aloneI am lonely lonely lonelyI am lonely lonely in my lifeI am lonely lonely lonelyGod help me help me to survive!I am lonely lonely lonelyI am lonely lonely in my lifeI am lonely lonely lonelyGod help me help me to survive!Everybody"s tripppin" on meOh lord come help me pleaseI did some bad things in my lifeWhy can"t you rescue me "cause you"ve got all i needI know i got to pay the priceI am lonely lonely lonelyI am lonely lonely in my lifeI am lonely lonely lonelyGod help me help me to survive!

theelephantman佳句

1.the elephant man写英语主题作文 A hundred years ago, and now the world"s different. Most people live in the cold, damp without electricity in the environment. They never go to hospital, so died badly. Nobody likes her, everyone laughed at . People will he in cages, as animal exhibition. Until one day, a doctor, he found he was very interesting. Like a man so famous. 2.告诉我有关the elephant man,越详细越好 维多利亚时代,一名英国医生在马戏团发现了一个头部畸型的象人,受尽不人道的待遇,于是将其带回医院作研究。不料马戏班班主带人又将象人抢去,到欧洲各地巡回展出,幸得团中其它畸型人暗中他救回英国,终于使他体验到人间的温暖。 此片取材于真实的医疗档案,所以特别着重时代气氛的重现。摄影美术与化妆也均有一流水准,故事的发展流畅,演出动人,而且籍医生与群众的行为检讨了人类对 “道德”和 “正义”的标准。 #menu这上面很很全的,你看看吧 3.求 The Elephant Man 英文简介 The Elephant Man is a 1980 film about Joseph Merrick (who the script calls John Merrick), a severely deformed man in 19th century London. The film was directed byDavid Lynch and stars John Hurt, Anthony Hopkins, Anne Bancroft, John Gielgud,Wendy Hiller, Michael Elphick, Hannah Gordon and Freddie Jones.The screenplay was adapted by Lynch, Christopher De Vore and Eric Bergren fromFrederick Treves"s The Elephant Man and Other Reminiscences (1923) and Ashley Montagu"s The Elephant Man: A Study in Human Dignity (1971). It was shot in black and white.The Elephant Man was a critical and commercial success with eight Oscar nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Actor. WhenChristopher Tucker made and applied the make-up and prosthetics to Hurt, the Academy was scolded for failing to honour his work, prompting them to create theAcademy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling.] The film also won the BAFTA Awards for Best Film, Best Actor and Best Production Design.望采纳,谢谢再附上电影的大概内容(英文版的)London Hospital surgeon Frederick Treves finds John Merrick in a Victorian freak showin London"s East End, where he is kept by the brutish Bytes. His head is always hooded, and his “owner”, who finds him retarded, is paid by Treves to bring him to hospital for exams. He shows Merrick to his colleagues and highlights his monstrous skull, which makes him sleep with his head on his knees – if he lay down he wouldasphyxiate. On Merrick"s return he is beaten so hard by Bytes that an apprentice calls Treves brings him back to hospital. When Bytes accuses Treves of likewise exploiting Merrick for his own ends, he vows to do what he can to help Merrick.John is tended and quarantined by Mrs Mothershead, the formidable matron; the other staff cringe away from Merrick. Mr Carr-Gomm, the hospital"s Governor, is against housing Merrick – who never speaks – as the ward is no place for “incurables”. To prove to Carr-Gomm that Merrick has skills, Treves makes him say a few phrases. Carr-Gomm sees through the ruse but as he walks off, he and Treves are stunned to hear John recite the 23rd Psalm, which Treves did not teach. He now permits John to stay, and the patient starts drawing, reading, and making a model of a church he sees from his window.When Merrick has tea with Ann Treves, he is so overwhelmed that he shows them his mother"s picture. He hopes she would love him if she could see his “lovely friends”. Later on he starts to have guests in his rooms, including the actress Madge Kendal, and becomes an object of curiosity and charity to high society. Mrs Mothershead says he is still treated as a freak, though in a more upper-class style. This rebuke and his role in the matter trouble the surgeon, who now questions his morals. And while John is treated well by day, the Night Porter makes money by bringing clients from nearby pubs to gawk at Merrick.Through her daughter-in-law Alexandra, the hospital"s royal patron, Queen Victoria sends word that Merrick will have permanent hospital care with all funds arranged. But his problems resurface when Bytes uses the Night Porter"s “viewings” to reach John and take him to continental Europe, where he is once again put on show and brutalised. Consumed with guilt over Merrick"s plight, Mr Treves sacks the porter with Mrs Mothershead"s help.His fellow attractions help Merrick flee, though at Liverpool Street station he is taunted by several boys and accidentally knocks down a girl. He is chased, unmasked, and cornered by an angry mob, at which point he cries, “I am not an elephant! I am not an animal! I am a human being! I 。 am 。 a 。 man!” before collapsing. When policemen return him to hospital he goes back to his rooms. He recovers a little, but as he is dying from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Mrs Kendal bids him go to the theatre, where he, Treves, Mrs Mothershead and a nurse will see an enrapturing show. A white-tied John Merrick stands up in the royal box to reap hearty applause, having had the performance dedicated to him from Mrs Kendal. Back in hospital, Merrick thanks Treves for all he has done and completes his church model. To copy the sleeping child on his wall-hung sketch, he takes off the pillows he needs to sleep upright, lies down and dies, consoled by a vision of his mother, who quotes Alfred, Lord Tennyson"s “Nothing Will Die”.。 4.the elephant man (象人)的主要人物有几个.都叫什么名字呢 维多利亚时代,一名英国医生在马戏团发现了一个头部畸型的象人,受尽不人道的待遇,于是将其带回医院作研究。不料马戏班班主带人又将象人抢去,到欧洲各地巡回展出,幸得团中其它畸型人暗中他救回英国,终于使他体验到人间的温暖。 此片取材于真实的医疗档案,所以特别着重时代气氛的重现。摄影美术与化妆也均有一流水准,故事的发展流畅,演出动人,而且籍医生与群众的行为检讨了人类对 “道德”和 “正义”的标准。 精彩瞬间: 影片结尾,象人已经不再是影片开始时候鲁钝痴呆的样子了,虽然形象依旧,但内心世界已经具有甚至比普通人更强烈的情感。无法象普通人一样活着,那他宁可象普通人一样死去,死亡是他和普通人一样具有的权利和尊严。 特维拉医生在展览会上,发现了一个严重畸形的人,马戏班的老板拜斯用他长得象大象的特点来招揽生意。特维拉找到拜斯,给了他些钱,借用象人来作为医学研究。 在医学界的研讨会上,特维拉把象人展示给了同行的医生们观看。然后,又把象人送还给了拜斯。一天,跟象人一起的一个小孩跑来找特维拉,请求他救助象人。原来,拜斯经常虐待象人,并凶残的打他。 特维拉强行把生病的象人,从拜斯那里带到好友卡尔的医院里的隔离病房。为了让卡尔能留下象人,特维拉教象人过正常人的生活,并教他背诵《圣经》里的句子给卡尔听。卡尔听了象人鹦鹉学舌般的诗句后,走到门外,告诉特维拉他不能留下象人。这时,房间里传出来象人虔诚而熟练的背诵《圣经》里的语句的声音,卡尔听了大受感动,答应特维拉他去说服董事会,让象人留下来。 特维拉带象人回家做客,妻子安妮没有被象人畸形的外表吓着,热情的接待了他,象人第一次感觉到了做人的尊严,他泪流满面的观看了特维拉一家的照片,并拿出了他漂亮母亲的照片给安妮看。 回到医院里,象人请求特维拉医治好他那硕大的脑袋,他想象常人一样平躺着睡觉。一位著名的舞台演员肯德夫人,被象人的事情感动,到象人的房间里看望了他,还送给象人她自己的照片,并亲吻了象人。自肯德夫人以后,很多名流都赶时髦一样来看望象人,送给他礼物,象人也陶醉其中。 在医院的董事会上,几个董事坚决不同意把象人留下来,局面僵持不下时,威尔士公主及时到来,她带来了女王感谢医院帮助象人的信件,大家最后全体举手通过了让象人留下来提议。 象人兴奋的在房间里玩弄女王送给他的化装盒时,医院里烧锅炉的人带着一伙人到象人的房间里观看他,并拿出镜子让象人看自己的长相。象人看了镜子中自己的相貌后,恐惧的尖叫起来。这伙人离开不久,拜斯到医院里带走了象人。 不久,象人在另一个地方出现在马戏班里,拜斯更加凶残的虐待象人。马戏班里的其他人,乘晚上拜斯睡觉时,悄悄的放走了关在铁笼里快要死去的象人。象人把全身蒙在一块大布下,只露出一只没有变形的眼睛,经过艰辛的旅途后,到达了特维拉所在的城市。象人下了火车不久,就被几个小孩发现并追打他。象人被人们围在角落里扯下面具后,悲愤的喊出了“我也是人”。 在警察的帮助下,象人回到特维拉那里。一天晚上,威尔士公主陪同象人到剧院看戏,在肯德夫人的带领下,人们纷纷站起向象人致敬。 当晚,象人回到医院做完窗外大教堂的模型后,拿下床上用来靠着睡觉的大枕头,平静的象正常人一样平躺着永远的睡去了。 影片向我们讲述了一个严重畸形的人,遭受到正常人不公正的对待的故事。影片中出现了各种各样的正常人,他们有名们显贵、有达官贵人、也有生活在地层的劳动阶级,这些来自不同阶层的人都有个共同的特点,他们都从畸形的象人身上获得对自己有利的东西。对象人帮助最大的特维拉医生,开始也是用象人来做医学研究。后来,被象人在苦难中也依然热爱生活的精神感动,才真心的帮助他。围绕在象人周围的人,他们虽有健全的外表,但却隐藏了一个畸形的心灵。在影片的最后,在马戏班几个帮助象人的畸形人身上,才表现了一些人性善良的一面。影片结尾,象人用付出生命的代价,换取了象常人一样睡觉的方法,表达了他想过正常人生活的最后愿望。 70年代末期,正值电影界质疑彩色胶片的长久保存问题,很多著名导演提出黑白胶片保存年限远胜于彩色胶片的看法,电影界掀起一阵黑白电影热,马丁·斯科塞斯拍摄了黑白电影《狂牛》(愤怒的公牛),而林奇则拍摄了这部《象人》。影片上映后轰动一时,虽然在奥斯卡竞争中八项提名空手而归,但法国凯撒奖最佳外语片奖和英国演艺学院最佳影片、最佳男主角的荣誉也应该让林奇满足了。 5.找一篇英语文章关于man和elephant In 1988, Steve Jennings was on vacation in Australia after graduating from Southeastern University. During a hike through the Outback, he came across a young elephant standing with one leg raised in the air as if it was in pain.The elephant seemed distressed, so Steve approached it very carefully. He got down on one knee and inspected the elephant"s foot and found a large piece of wood deeply embedded in it. As carefully and as gently as he could, Steve worked the wood out with his hunting knife, after which the elephant gingerly put down its foot.Amazing Story Of Man and ElephantThe elephant turned to face the man and, with a rather curious look on its face, stared at him for several tense moments. Steve stood frozen, thinking of nothing else but being trampled. Eventually the elephant trumpeted loudly, turned, and walked away. Steve never forgot that elephant or the events of that day.Twenty years later, Steve was walking through the Atlanta Zoo with his teenaged son. As they approached the elephant enclosure, one of the creatures turned and walked over to near where Steve and his son Nicolas were standing. The large elephant stared at Steve, lifted its front foot off the ground, then put it down. The elephant did that several times then trumpeted loudly, all the while staring at the man.Remembering the encounter in 1988, Steve couldn"t help wondering if this was the same elephant. Steve summoned up his courage, climbed over the railing and made his way into the enclosure. He walked right up to the elephant and stared back in wonder.The elephant trumpeted again, wrapped its trunk around one of Steve"s legs and slammed his dumb ass against the railing, killing him instantly.Probably wasn"t the same elephant.。 6.四年级水平的英语作文The blind men and the elephant =是故事吧?? the blind men and the elephant Many years ago ,there are four blind men.One day, they met an elephant when they were walking on the road.They were all surprised at the elephant. They wanted to know what is elephant.They touched it.One man said:"It feels like a carrot."One man said:"No!It is a wall."One man said:"I felt a tree."The last man said:"It feels like a string."For they touched different parts of the elephant,they thought it was a different thing. = =4年级。。。这题目有点难写吧。有不懂得再问我。 7.The Bad Ears of the Elephant的文章 One day an old man is selling a big elephant.A young man comes to the elephant and begins to look at it slowly.The old man goes up to him and says in his ear,"I will give you some meat."All right,"says the young man.After the old man sells the elephant,he gives the young man some meat and says,"Hoe canyou see the bad ears of the elephant?""I didn"t see the bad ears,"says the young man."Then why do you look at the elephant slowly?"asks the old man.The young man answers,"Because I have never seen an elephant before,and I want to know what it looks like."。 8.英语作文好词好句 1. Never say die.永不言败。2.No cross, no crown.不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹。3.New wine in old bottles.旧瓶装新酒。4.Never too old to learn, never too late to turn.亡羊补牢,为时未晚。5.No garden without its weeds.没有不长草的园子。6.No living man all things can.世上没有万事通。7.No man can do two things at once.一心不可二用。8.No man is born wise or learned.没有生而知之者。9.No man is content.人心不足蛇吞象。10.No man is wise at all times.聪明一世,糊涂一时。11.None are so blind as those who won"t see.视而不见。12.None are so deaf as those who won"t hear.充耳不闻。13.No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。14.No one can call back yesterday.昨日不会重现。15.No pains, no gains.没有付出就没有收获。16.No pleasure without pain.没有苦就没有乐。17.No rose without a thorn.没有不带刺的玫瑰。18.No sweet without sweat.先苦后甜。19.No smoke without fire.无风不起浪。20.Nothing brave, nothing have.不入虎穴,焉得虎子。21.Nothing dries sooner than a tear.眼泪干得最快。22.Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事,只怕有心人。23.Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.世上无难事,只要肯登攀。24.Nothing seek, nothing find.没有追求就没有收获。25.Nothing is so necessary for travelers as languages.外出旅行,语言最要紧。26.Nothing is to be got without pains but poverty.世上唯有贫穷可以不劳而获。27.Not to advance is to go back.不进则退。28.Not to know what happened before one was born is always to be a child.不懂世故,幼稚可笑。29.No way is impossible to courage.勇者无惧。30.Obedience is the first duty of a soldier.军人以服从命令为天职。31.Observation is the best teacher.观察是最好的老师。32.Offense is the best defense.进攻是最好的防御。33.Old friends and old wines are best.陈酒味醇,老友情深。34.Old sin makes new shame.一失足成千古恨。35.Once a man and twice a child.一次老,两次小。36.Once a thief, always a thief.偷盗一次,做贼一世。37.Once bitten, twice shy.一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳。38.One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.一个和尚挑水喝,两个和尚抬水喝,三个和尚没水喝。39.One cannot put back the clock.时钟不能倒转。40.One eyewitness is better than ten hearsays.百闻不如一见。41.One fal

den.and.josephine 为什么

mood and eld me to wear more c

画家Josephine Grundy 约瑟芬格兰迪,他是哪个国家的?擅长画油画吗?最好有详细的资料

英国艺术家,画作以丙烯画为主,搜 狗搜“Distant Hills by Josephine Grundy”可以找到更多他的作品。

JosephineWilson是做什么的

JosephineWilsonJosephineWilson是一名电影演员,代表作品有《巫山梦断肠》、《千载难逢》等。外文名:JosephineWilson职业:演员代表作品:《巫山梦断肠》合作人物:爱德华·迪麦特雷克

JosephineFitzgerald多大了

JosephineFitzgeraldJosephineFitzgerald是一名演员,代表作品有《出众的男孩》、《杰奎琳》等。外文名:JosephineFitzgerald职业:演员代表作品:《出众的男孩》合作人物:GeorgePollock

JosephineJacob是哪里人

JosephineJacobJosephineJacob是一名演员,代表作品有《小丑电影版》、《对垒特工》等,曾和迈克尔·诺加德合作过。外文名:JosephineJacob职业:演员代表作品:《小丑电影版》合作人物:迈克尔·诺加德

josephine shop歌词

josephine"s shopcos running business is not your giftwhy don"t you close it why don"t say "damn it"depression in your shop of mong kok. silence on mondayno change on thursday but josephineyou may think your pals cannot lose youprobably they need you so much more than they love youso why don"t you abandon them let yourself be freethis world is bigger than what we always believe in.so why don"t you try to fade out from your dream of dreamdtry to take the other risks your life sbould not be like thisevery color we can bethe only thingi"ve brought in your shop was a $10 candle with some nice smellingit couldn"t help you to pay the rentcouldn"t resist hazards nor prevent diseasebut josephine you know your shop is cutie and bcaulifulthe truth is you know this beauty can"t make you bappyso why don"t you abandon themlet yourself be free

JosephineRogers人物简介

JosephineRogersJosephineRogers,演员,主要作品有《针锋相对》。外文名:JosephineRogers职业:演员代表作品:《针锋相对》合作人物:BobKomar

JosephineGillan人物介绍

JosephineGillanJosephineGillan是一名演员,主要作品有《权力的游戏》。外文名:JosephineGillan职业:演员代表作品:《权力的游戏》合作人物:艾伦·泰勒电视剧作品

JosephineAmankwah是谁

JosephineAmankwahJosephineAmankwah是一名演员,代表作品有《IntheBeginning》、《埃及艳后》等。外文名:JosephineAmankwah职业:演员代表作品:《埃及艳后》合作人物:佛兰克·罗丹

《银楼金粉》那个josephine是谁演的?

张丽雅

香港有哪个艺人叫Josephine

‘艺人何超仪”昵称:JOSEPHINE 采纳哦

josephine/约瑟芬可可全部包包防伪码扫出来什么样子

会弹出正品或者仿品的鉴定结果约瑟芬(josephine)品牌包是一个大品牌。属中高端档次的品牌。 约瑟芬是一个皮包品牌,于1992年在法国成立。

陈百强的歌曲《再见Josephine》中的那个叫Josephine的女孩是谁呀?就是《当我想起你》专辑封面的那女孩。

建议你到陈百强吧发帖询问,也许只是个模特名字不清楚,可是跟《再见Josephine》没有一点关系,她也许不叫Josephine,只是专辑的设计

龙腾世纪3审判 josephine怎么推

详细推倒指南:  以下部分包含了详细的推倒指南,需要注意的是,想要推倒某个特定的角色,你需要满足该角色的性取向以及种族取向。  CASSANDRA  性别、性取向:  女、男,任意种族  政♂治与个人观点:  信仰 the Herald of Andraste, 支持 The Chantry.  个人任务:  Promise of Destruction,  Unfinished Business,  Guilty Pleasures,  The Ideal Romance  推倒方法:  在通过完成Inner Circle的个人任务,提升了好感度之后,记得完成Guilt Pleasures任务(这个任务很是有趣,任务最后记得带上Varric,这样同时也可以提升Varric的好感度)来给她一份礼物。  当Cassandra不知道他是否可以和主角陷入恋爱时,完成Ideal Romance任务就可以和她开始一段罗曼史了。  ==========================  BLACKWALL  性别、性取向:  男、女,任意种族  政♂治与个人观点:  帮助他人,给予第二次机会,信任  个人任务:  The Lone Warden,  Memories of the Grey,  Explanations,  Revelations  推倒方法:  通过保持公正与公平,花时间帮助不幸的人以及向做错了的人展现仁慈来提升Blackwall的好感度。你可以在初期就调戏他,但是他会在必要的时刻避开。  完成他的各种个人任务,然后他会带你去Storm Cost完成一个新的任务:Explanations。这之后,他会离开SkyHold和队伍,同时触发最终任务:Revelations。  去Val Royeaux找他,让他加入Grey Wardens或者告诉他可以做任何他希望做的事情来完成任务。  最后,回到Skyhold和他对话来开启一段罗曼史。  ==========================  JOSEPHINE  性别、性取向:  女性男女和种族任意  政♂治与个人观点:  和平主义者,支持公正与外交  个人任务:  Of Somewhat Fallen Fortune,  Heraldry From a Herald,  An Unexpected Engagement  推倒方法:  使劲和Josephine对话,抓住每一个可以调戏她的机会。当Josephine告诉你Liliana找你的时候,你就快成功了。  去找Liliana,选择你和Josephine的对话选项,并且告诉Liliana你确实想要和Josephine交往。  最后回到Josephine处,和她开启一段罗曼史。  ==========================  IRON BULL  性别、性取向:  男、男女,种族任意  政♂治与个人观点:  喜欢战斗,容易被打动  个人任务:  The Captain of the Chargers,  Demands of the Qun,  Tough Love  推倒方法:  铁牛看起来并不接受调戏,但是别担心,使劲调戏他。当你完成了他的第一个个人任务Demands of the Qun之后,他随后会找上你并询问你之前的调戏是不是认真的。  告诉他你是认真的,铁牛会和你讨论两人交往的规则以及因此带来的后果。  如果你依旧愿意,那么铁牛会告诉你一件Qunari的特殊物品并且触发最终任务。  完成任务,把物品送给铁牛来开启一段罗曼史。

女英文名 joey josie joyce josephine都是一样么

不一样,Joyce比较好看好听。

josephine英文名寓意

Josephine这个名字的英文名寓意可以解释为对上帝赐予的生命、爱和幸福的感激之情。名字印象:魅力,漂亮,性感。Josephine源自希伯来语,"神将会富饶 "之意。Josephine是个令人神魂颠倒、又有著性感魅力的名字,这要归功于历史名人,包括法国约瑟芬皇后和国际知名艺人约瑟芬·贝克(法国爵士舞星)。Josephine的常见翻译音译为约瑟芬,乔塞特。自19世纪以来,作为一个女性的名字,它一直被经常使用。其寓意传达了对上帝赐予的生命、爱和幸福的感激之情。Josephine这个名字也在历史上拥有广泛的影响力,如拿破仑的妻子Josephine Bonaparte就是知名的人物之一,她有着强烈的个性和非凡的魅力,所有这些都为这个名字增添了更多的意义。下面是一些好听的女生英文名以及它们的寓意:1、Lily(百合花):象征纯洁、高雅、幸福等。2、Ava(愿望、生命、爱):这个名字的意义因不同的来源而异,但通常是象征着愿望、生命和爱。3、Grace(优雅、宽恕):意味着优雅、宽恕和仁慈。4、Chloe(青春、茁壮成长):代表青春、茁壮成长、自由和希望。5、Sophia(智慧、智能):意为智慧、智能、美丽和贤淑。6、Emma(全能、充满活力):这个名字通常被视为充满活力和能量,代表充满活力和爱好冒险的人,同时还有一些全能的寓意。7、Bella(美丽、光明、天使):这个名字一般被认为是象征美丽、光明和天使的存在。8、Olivia(和平、和睦):意味着和平、和睦和宁静。9、Audrey(高贵、高雅):代表高贵、高雅和优雅。

高分求The Dahls的歌曲《Josephine》的中英文歌词,英文也可以。谢谢!

绝对是一对冷艳姐妹花,很民谣很抒情的。不过歌曲过旧,几乎没有这首歌词的记载。我就拿不成熟的英文水平听了下,给你点不成熟的启发。如果要是没人能回答你的话,记得把奖赏分给我。因为世上本无路,走的人多了才可能会出现路,你懂得!我是第一人呦。。。She went down down down to the river. She went down down down to the shore.She lied the body in the water.to go to sleep forever more.Oh,jesephine.Oh jesephine.then nevers back end

Josephine这是别人推荐的一个英文名字,请问怎么读?有着什么寓意?

不对,应该是“约瑟芬”Josephine 约瑟芬(女子名,涵义:多产的女子)

请问Josephine是男名还是女名

男名

Josephine什么意思?

Josephine,约瑟芬,是拿破仑最爱的人。http://baike.baidu.com/view/184187.htm这个网站上有关于她的故事。

mobilephone的意思mobilephone的意思是什么

mobilephone的意思是:手机;行动电话。mobilephone的意思是:手机;行动电话。mobilephone的英英释义是Noun:ahand-heldmobileradiotelephoneforuseinanareadividedintosmallsections,eachwithitsownshort-rangetransmitter/receiver。mobilephone的读音是英["m_ubailf_un];美[mo"bilfon]。一、英英释义点此查看mobilephone的详细内容Noun:ahand-heldmobileradiotelephoneforuseinanareadividedintosmallsections,eachwithitsownshort-rangetransmitter/receiver二、网络解释1.行___:而蓝芽技术应用之电子产品包括:个人数字助理(PDA)、行动电话(MobilePhone)、无线电话(CordlessPhone)、笔记型计算机(Notebook)、打印机(Printer)、数字相机(DigitalCameras),局域网络(Network)等,可以将这些有线的产品变成无线.三、例句IneedamobilephoneasI"malwaysonthemove.我总在到处奔走,需要一部移动电话。Mobilephonesaresellinginastonishingnumbers.手机的销售量惊人。mobilephone的相关近义词cellularphone、cellulartelephone、cell、cellphonemobilephone的相关临近词MobileLAN、mobile、mobileveterinarysection、mobilerobotlocalization、mobilenumberportability、mobiletelephoneexchange、mobilehygienelaboratory、mobileproductionstation、mobilecuringandnursing、mobilemonitoringservice、mobileemergenceterminal、mobileradiocontrolpost点此查看更多关于mobilephone的详细信息

enkephin的汉语名称及作用

leu-enkephi亮啡肽作用不清楚

mobile和telephone区别是什么?

mobile就是指可移动的 标准说法应该是mobile phone(移动电话) 但是一般就用mobile 简写了 telephone是固定电话

《Pink Elephant》的英文歌词

有两首歌都叫Ping Elephant, 都放在这儿, 你自己看吧:1.Cherry Poppin" Daddies - Pink Elephant A bum was in my trashHe"s pickin" out all the cans firewaterburnin" up his poor swollen glandsThe Lysol and ListerineIt went to his headHe eats boot black rotted on a piece of white breadHe did the Pink the Pink ElephantBlinded by the sauce you know I"d rather stay bentSleazy P. Martini ran the Pink ElephantWith hot-pink curtains where the sloe gin decantsA shave and a haircut knock knockWould for sure get you in to seeThe Cherry Poppin" Daddies playthe lampshades were zebra skinWe did the Pink the Pink ElephantBlinded by the sauce you knowI"d rather stay bentMy mouth is like a circus but I"m always in debtI"d never pass the bar unless I thought it was wetBut that"s the way they sucker me to myfinal dissolve"Cause if you set"em up I"m drinkin"em downI did the Pink the Pink ElephantBlinded by the sauce you know I"d rather stay bent2.Erin Mckeown - Pink Elephant and his shoulders stoop low "neath the weightof beer cases as it grows latein the alleyway college-like state. and the boy who"ll grow coldnow so young and so boldfreely gets drunk of the cold.sittin" on top of the golden world, the pink elephant emerges,with a smile and a twirl to open the bottles of time.he said, "the life in your veins today will be frozen away tomorrow."drag of smoke through white lipsblue dress caresses italian hipsas the sedan rolls by rote upon its trip.sticky fumblings never cleanup the skirt of a black haired queenchasing chasing tv dreams.sittin" on top of the golden world, the pink elephant emerges,with a smile and a twirl to open the bottles of time.he said, "the cheapness of today will be married away tomorrow."entwined a quiet couple laysas colder grow the daysand richer grow the means and ends of ways.tucked away cars and children sleepcontentment slowly creepslulls the happy happy sheep.sittin" on top of the golden world, the pink elephant emerges,with a smile and a twirl to open the bottles of time.he said, "the satisfaction of today will take your sight away tomorrow."and all that is pink it shall sink,your mind shall cease to think,therefore let me be the link.halflit by candle the room glowsa virgin head she dimly showsfears to allay future songs to compose.passion beats to heatintercourse nearly complete"til the boy beats a hasty retreat.sittin" on top of the golden world, the pink elephant emerges,with a smile and a twirl to open the bottles of time.he said, "the lifeline of today will soon to fray away tomorrow."

【ceph】问题 - mgr无法启动dashboard

环境信息: 系统:centos 7.5 Ceph:12.2.10 启动命令: 错误信息: 问题分析: 因为我把centos7的ipv6关闭了所以报错了,mgr默认是同时开启ipv4和ipv6,解决方案是指定使用ipv4启动mgr。 解决方案: 参考链接: https://ivirt-it.ru/ceph-mgr-dashboard-zabbix-restful-status-balancer/](https://ivirt-it.ru/ceph-mgr-dashboard-zabbix-restful-status-balancer/

scientist stephen hawking has died aged 76其中aged 76 是分词短语做状语吗

时间状语

Who is Stephen Hawking

Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. His parents" house was in north London, but during the second world war Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies. When he was eight, his family moved to St Albans, a town about 20 miles north of London. At eleven Stephen went to St Albans School, and then on to University College, Oxford, his father"s old college. Stephen wanted to do Mathematics, although his father would have preferred medicine. Mathematics was not available at University College, so he did Physics instead. After three years and not very much work he was awarded a first class honours degree in Natural Science. Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in Cosmology, there being no-one working in that area in Oxford at the time. His supervisor was Denis Sciama, although he had hoped to get Fred Hoyle who was working in Cambridge. After gaining his Ph.D. he became first a Research Fellow, and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College. After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973 Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, and since 1979 has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. The chair was founded in 1663 with money left in the will of the Reverend Henry Lucas, who had been the Member of Parliament for the University. It was first held by Isaac Barrow, and then in 1669 by Isaac Newton.Stephen Hawking has worked on the basic laws which govern the universe. With Roger Penrose he showed that Einstein"s General Theory of Relativity implied space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes. These results indicated it was necessary to unify General Relativity with Quantum Theory, the other great Scientific development of the first half of the 20th Century. One consequence of such a unification that he discovered was that black holes should not be completely black, but should emit radiation and eventually evaporate and disappear. Another conjecture is that the universe has no edge or boundary in imaginary time. This would imply that the way the universe began was completely determined by the laws of science.His many publications include The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime with G F R Ellis, General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey, with W Israel, and 300 Years of Gravity, with W Israel. Stephen Hawking has three popular books published; his best seller A Brief History of Time, Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays and most recently in 2001, The Universe in a Nutshell. There are .pdf and .ps versions of his full publication list. Professor Hawking has twelve honorary degrees, was awarded the CBE in 1982, and was made a Companion of Honour in 1989. He is the recipient of many awards, medals and prizes and is a Fellow of The Royal Society and a Member of the US National Academy of Sciences. Stephen Hawking continues to combine family life (he has three children and one grandchild), and his research into theoretical physics together with an extensive programme of travel and public lectures.

求stephen hawking(史蒂芬霍金)的英文资料

http://www.hawking.org.uk/这个可以

scientist stephen hawking has died aged 76 其中aged 76 是过去分词短语做状语吗

是时间状语

Me And Stephen Hawking 歌词

歌曲名:Me And Stephen Hawking歌手:Manic Street Preachers专辑:Journal For Plague Lovers Remixes E.P.Manic Street Preachers - Me And Stephen HawkingHerman the Bull and Tracey the SheepTransgendic milk containing human proteinThe bacteria cheaper than baby foodAttention todayToday it"s a cow, tomorrow it"s youAfrican Punch and Judy show at half the priceA hundred thousand watch Giant Haystacks in a Bombay fightOh the joyMe and Stephen Hawking, we laughWe missed the sex revolutionWhen we failed the physicalWhen we failed the physicalHerman the Bull and Tracey the sheepTransgenic milk containing human proteinThe bacteria cheaper than baby foodAttention todayToday it"s a cow, tomorrow it"s youAfrican Punch and Judy show at half the priceA hundred thousand watch Giant Haystacks in a Bombay fightOh the joyMe and Stephen Hawking, we laughWe missed the sex revolutionWhen we failed the physicalWhen we failed the physicalhttp://music.baidu.com/song/8740382

英语He is Stephen Hawking是什么意思

他是史蒂芬,霍金。

Stephen Hawking是什么意思

Stephen Hawking史蒂芬霍金双语对照词典结果:Stephen Hawking史蒂芬·霍金(英国著名物理学家); 以上结果来自金山词霸例句:1.Stephen hawking is worried about aliens. -----------------------------------如有疑问欢迎追问!满意请点击右上方【选为满意回答】按钮

Stephen和Stefan有区别吗?

其实Stefan是个德文名

TPO 26 阅读第2篇 第2题Paragraph 3 suggests that during a dry year ephemerals 为什么答案是B?

A 选项错误,原文没有比较 dry year 和 wet year 产生的种子有什么不同。B 选项正确,原文提到了 lie dormant until the next wet year,所以 dry year 不发芽。C 也不对,dry year 它们是不发芽的;D 不对,原文没有把ephemeral 跟 perennial 进行比较。

Ceph的孤岛危机2

到了《孤岛危机2》也就是2023年,2月一艘Ceph飞船被发现在火星轨道上飞行,此后几个月里沉睡了几千万年的Ceph开始率先在纽约苏醒,它们通过地底伸出的机械触须释放一种可以使人溶解成肉糊的病毒(曼哈顿病毒)来企图灭绝人类(根据估计肉糊是用来加工制造Ceph士兵的原料),之后Ceph开始大举进攻纽约市,Cell和美国陆军根本无法抵挡病毒+军队的恐怖攻势,随后美军企图通过开闸泄洪的方式消灭Ceph,但结果很明显失败了,不得已只好通过组织军队和平民撤离后用核弹来核平Ceph,但之后2代主角阿卡特兹,从哈格瑞夫的手中得到了病毒抗体的最后一个升级硬件(2代的纳米装说白了就是一个万能急救箱+抗体生产装置),随后其搭乘直升机前往被Ceph的触须结构高高举起的中央公园,前往Ceph主塔并成功地用纳米装摧毁了Ceph的整个部队,拯救了世界(但阿卡特兹的人格也因此毁坏,改成了普费的)。注明:2代中出现的Ceph部队之所以和1代不同主要原因是因为刚开始因为环境的缘故,Ceph无法亲自作战,只能派出机械部队进行攻击(1代火力没2代猛),之后在获得了环境的数据和人类的遗传物质后(上面的肉糊),Ceph开始改造自身并给自己穿上外骨骼(纳米装也Ceph科技的杰作)才开始进攻人类。孤岛危机的故事约十亿年前  海伯利安超虫巢(OverhiveHyperion)形成。  约五亿年前  Ceph成功殖民整个M33星系,并开始往其他星系派遣播种船。  约6500万年前  一支Ceph殖民舰队抵达太阳系,其中两艘战舰分别进入了火星和土星轨道,而播种船则一头扎入地球。当时的地球正处于白垩纪晚期,由于某种原因,Ceph的播种船似乎没有很好地降落,它直接撞上地表,由此产生的巨大冲击波导致了恐龙时代的终结。而播种船本身也受到冲击的影响,进入了休眠期,直到后来某个时刻被唤醒(唤醒原因不明)。在接下来的数千万年时间里,地球上的Ceph处于一个不断休眠又在醒来的循环中,它们监测着地球上生命的演变,并在全球建立了自己的据点。  约200万年前  四处活动的播种船最终扎根于灵山岛,并再次进入休眠期,这个时候人类才刚刚从猿类中演变出来,而当下一次Ceph醒来的时候,外面的世界已经是人类的天下……  一只Ceph斥候(Scout,C1和弹头中的飞行机械章鱼)在灵山岛失灵,成为了化石。日后IAS考古小队挖掘这具特殊化石成为了C1剧情的导火索。  数万年前  在土星轨道上的Ceph对地球上日渐明显的人类活动产生了兴趣,并开始持续监测人类的发展。  1918年  著名的通古斯大爆炸事件发生。  1919年  通古斯远征队前往通古斯搜寻Ceph的遗迹,远征队因不明原因死伤惨重,仅三人生还,而其中两人成立了后来著名的哈格瑞夫-罗许生物医学公司(Hargreave-Rasch Biomedical),也是他们研发了游戏中最重要的东西——纳米服。  2019年  以下内容源于维基对官方小说的概述,为了避免误传,我完整翻译了维基上的内容并不作任何补充:  多明尼克·洛克哈德(Dominic Lockhart)在美军中担任指挥。  劳伦斯·巴恩斯(LauranceBarnes)和三名美军游骑兵前往一个大概有一千人的村落调查那里的神秘事件。在那里,他们发现一座“尖塔”冻结了附近的一大片森林并控制了村民,把村民们变成了一群狂热的信徒并开始逐步转化他们。劳伦斯和他的队员想帮忙又无计可施,之后他们又遇到一位被尖塔控制的牧师,牧师称劳伦斯为“先知(Prophet)”,自此以后这便成了劳伦斯的代号(普费即Prophet的音译,出于向初代致敬本文仍然采用“普费”这个译法)。  牧师和村民们开始袭击普费和他的小队,普费被迫击杀了牧师并下令撤退。两名队员被“变异”的村民们大卸八块,另一名队员厄尔(Earl)失踪,而普费自己则死里逃生,被美军救回。  C.E.L.L.科学家分析得出那座尖塔属于Ceph的科技,是Ceph在尝试控制人类心智的实验。随后洛克哈德下令轰炸该区域,把方圆两英里的区域都夷为平地。  在这一年,普费被邀请加入纳米服计划并成为了暴龙小队的一员。  2020年  灵山岛事件,C1及其资料片CW的剧情。  普费无意中发现了Ceph主脑(Alpha Ceph)的存在,主脑是一个超巨大的智慧体,它控制着其它Ceph的思想与行动,是Ceph种群里的核心。主脑与普费的心智建立了某种联结,让普费得以窥见未来的一些情景,这让普费认识到Ceph威胁的严重性以及主脑的强大。从此以后,普费一直致力于寻找主脑并警告其他人有关主脑的威胁。  图为主脑向普费展示的未来画面,一艘巨型Ceph船舰抵达地球上空  2021年  C.E.L.L.的大型卫星系统“大天使(Archangel)”完工。  2023年  纽约“曼哈顿病毒”事件,C2的剧情。  以下为官方小说剧情:  在纽约的Ceph被歼灭后,阿卡特兹在全美国游走,此时阿卡特兹的意识已经受到Ceph孢子的严重损害,而普费的意识则逐渐从纳米服深层苏醒,并开始与阿卡特兹争夺肉体的控制权。在这期间,阿卡特兹遇到了自己的家人(他的家庭似乎并不是很美满,父亲虐待他姐姐,而母亲则在医院疗养)。起初,阿卡特兹强烈反对普费占有自己的肉身,但普费坚持自己需要继续战斗去消灭Ceph拯救人类,最终阿卡特兹被说服,他放弃了肉体,并最终留下一句:“他们叫我阿卡特兹,记住我。”  2024年  C.E.L.L.把在纽约的胜利包装为自己的功劳,并开始在全球范围内急剧扩张,逐渐成为全世界的最强权的组织。  在C2中英勇指挥美军抗击Ceph的雪曼·巴克里(Sherman Barclay)上校晋升为将军,但也是在这一年他因反对C.E.L.L.而成为C.E.L.L.的暗杀目标。巴克里干掉了闯入家里的三个C.E.L.L.杀手,但在更多支援赶来之前自杀。  2024年-2025年  全球性的人类-Ceph战争开始。Ceph从世界各地的躲藏处倾巢而出攻击人类,世界各大城市都遭到摧毁或占领。C.E.L.L.利用改造过的纳米孢子攻击Ceph但收效甚微,而Ceph则发展出了诸如反物质及黑洞一类的灭世武器随时准备毁灭人类。  C.E.L.L.最终孤注一掷,奇袭通古斯地区,并成功俘获Ceph主脑。蛇无头而不行,随着主脑被制服,全球范围内的大部分Ceph活动都立刻停止了,人类-Ceph战争就此结束。C.E.L.L.将主脑深埋于纽约地底,建立了X系统(System X),垄断了从主脑获得的强大能源,并由此走上世界霸主的宝座。C.E.L.L.从主脑处获得源源不断的巨大能量,然后无线传输给大天使卫星,再由一个称为“天堂网路”的人造卫星群系统把能量传送给世界各地。垄断了能源就相当于垄断了一切,C.E.L.L.随意提高能源价格,让付不起钱的人都强制加入一个所谓的“以工偿债”的项目中,实际上就把这些人变成了无偿为C.E.L.L.工作的苦役。  C.E.L.L.通过收买政府要员把全球各地的政权都变成了自己的傀儡,他们的势力已经远远超出了其母公司哈格瑞夫-罗许生物医学公司,C.E.L.L.让自己的人渗透进后者的董事会,踢走了公司创始人兼董事长卡尔·罗许(Karl Rasch,为什么这个人能从20世纪初一直活了一百多岁都没死?后面自有解释……)。罗许在离开前销毁了有关纳米服的一切资料,这让C.E.L.L.懊恼不已,因为纳米服是迄今为止唯一成功整合了Ceph和人类科技的产物,而C.E.L.L.迫不及待想解开其中的奥秘。正是出于这个原因,C.E.L.L.开始召回全世界的纳米服士兵并进行强制的“剥皮”手术,即强行从士兵身上把紧密贴合的纳米服剥离,为的就是取得纳米服中的数据。在这个过程中,无数士兵因无法忍受手术的巨大痛苦而死去。  同时,C.E.L.L.开始了“纳米穹顶计划”,在全世界曾经被Ceph占领的区域建立巨大的纳米穹顶以便围剿残余的Ceph。  在C.E.L.L.的势力急速壮大的时候,普费却仍一心只想着猎杀Ceph主脑。普费与老部下赛可(Psycho)走遍全球都没有找到主脑的踪迹,这让赛可日渐对昔日的队长产生了怀疑,但普费却始终对C.E.L.L.的威胁毫不关心。最终,两人追踪来到了通古斯,但他们没想到已经比C.E.L.L.晚了一步。他们毫无防备地落入C.E.L.L.的圈套,被强力的反纳米服EMP炸弹制服。普费被特制的EMP装置锁了起来,而赛可则被送去“剥皮”。  2034年  C2主角阿卡特兹的好友奇诺(Chino)遭遇C.E.L.L.伏击而被杀。  CW中老鹰小队的成员丹恩(Dane)被C.E.L.L.俘虏并被送去“剥皮”。  2045年  赛可被克蕾尔·方谭丽(ClaireFontanelli)从“剥皮”设施中救出,成为了纽约自由顶中反抗军的一员,进行反对C.E.L.L.的军事活动。赛可对C.E.L.L.在他身上造成的巨大痛苦抱有强烈的恨意,并一直试图找出对他进行“剥皮”实验的人员报仇。

Joseph son of David 什么意思

大卫的后裔,这个家谱要表明神拣选的一贯性。

谁有My Little Nephew的歌词

My little NewphewEdlt Alex To my best loveit"s funny how one thing happens and changes your whole point of vieweverything that seems to matter, has cast aside for a better truthyou"re growing faster with every minute,second, photographi wish i could spend more time with youmy little nepheweveryday a new discovery i"m a child again looking through your eyeswith every step you"re teaching me how to fall and cry, get up and smileyou"re growing faster with every minute,second, photographi wish i could spend more time with youmy little nephewbut you"re far away and i am over herememories are lost in these span of yearsso, when i go will u miss me?when i go will u remember me?you"re growing faster with every minute,second, photographi wish i could spend more time with yousee you"ll learn to tie your shoessay the sky is blueand that your bestfriend has winnie thepoohmy little nephewJust REMEMBER,Alex will love you forver J.

如何查看ceph montior使用的端口

Ceph是一套高性能,易扩展的,无单点的分布式文件存储系统,基于Sage A. Weil的论文开发,主要提供以下三个存储服务:   对象存储(Object Storage),既可以通过使用Ceph的库,利用C, C++, Java, Python, PHP代码,也可以通过Restful网关以对象的形式访问或存储数据,兼容亚马逊的S3和OpenStack的Swift。   块存储(Block Storage),作为块设备像硬盘一样直接挂载。   文件系统(File System) ,如同网络文件系统一样挂载,兼容POSIX接口。   Ceph的结构,对象存储由LIBRADOS和RADOSGW提供,块存储由RBD提供,文件系统由CEPH FS提供,而RADOSGW, RBD, CEPH FS均需要调用LIBRADOS的接口,而最终都是以对象的形式存储于RADOS里。   Ceph集群的节点有三种角色:   Monitor,监控集群的健康状况,向客户端发送最新的CRUSH map(含有当前网络的拓扑结构)   OSD,维护节点上的对象,响应客户端请求,与其他OSD节点同步   MDS,提供文件的Metadata,如果不使用CephFS可以不安装 .

ceph 的安装和维护

首先用ansible 来部署ceph,这个是一个开源项目,文档在这里 https://docs.ceph.com/ceph-ansible/master/ 以前用ceph-deploy 部署其实现在也可以,只是现在ansible这么流行,而且可以复用,维持鲁棒性,因此都在退ansible维护。 上面的内容待补充,因为原有官方文档够详细了,不过到时候贴几个配置的例子就行了 ceph 维护 首先是对ceph所有进程的维护 启动,停止和重新启动所有Ceph守护程 按类型启动,停止和重新启动Ceph守护程序 在Ceph Monitor节点上: 在Ceph Manager节点上: 在Ceph OSD节点上: Starting 在Ceph Object Gateway节点上: 关闭或者重启ceph 集群 关闭的顺序是 先设置集群状态,关闭osd 服务,最后关闭mon 服务 启动的顺序是 先开启mon服务,然后开启osd服务,最后设置集群状态 然后设置ceph 集群禁止调度恢复文件。 然后按顺序关闭osd服务和mon服务, 启动是先开启mon服务,osd服务,然后重新设置集群状态 Power on the monitor nodes: 如果使用cephfs 最后还要重新设置集群状态 ceph 安装好后, 看状态基本就是几个命令 ceph health detail ceph -s ceph -w 查看当前的pool ceph osd pool ls 查看pool里面的内容,注意命令不同,输出也不一样 rbd ls -p vm-disk rados ls -p vm-disk rbd ls -p vm-disk 查看集群使用空间

ceph admin ops api怎么用

Ceph 是一个将数据存储在单一分布式计算机集群上的开源软件平台。当你计划构建一个云时,你首先需要决定如何实现你的存储。开源的 Ceph 是红帽原生技术之一,它基于称为 RADOS 的对象存储系统,用一组网关 API 表示块、文件、和对象模式中的数据...

ceph(第三步) 基本使用

系统的开始使用一个 ceph 集群。 本文将系统的介绍如何使用一个 ceph 集群。 涉及: crush、osd、pool、cache ceph 版本:nautilus ceph-deploy 版本:2.0.1 在基本使用需求下,一般需要存储集群提供高性能存储(SSD)和普通存储(hdd)。 在 ceph 中,具体表现为某些池使用高性能存储,某些池使用普通存储。而这种需求在 ceph 中由 crush 规则实现。 ceph 提供了缓存的概念。在普通的存储池之上架设一层高性能的缓存池,外部访问首先到达缓存池,如果发生未命中等情况再去访问存储池。这里需要提一点,并不是任何情况都需要缓存。 针对不同的场景,ceph 的使用方式多种多样,这里的介绍只能一切从简,但是会尽量全面。 一个标准的场景:一个存储池加一个缓存池,存储池使用普通设备,缓存池使用高性能设备。 首先添加一块高性能硬盘(我这里是虚拟环境,只能用普通硬盘充数) 然后需要利用 crush 让不同池使用不同的存储设备 这里只能拿普通的虚拟硬盘来做测试。 在 ceph02 虚拟机上增加一块 30G 的虚拟硬盘。 在 ceph03 虚拟机上增加一块 30G 的虚拟硬盘。 现在到部署节点进行操作: 如图 ceph02 出现了 osd.6,ceph03 出现了 osd.7。 这里涉及到 root (根)的概念,在文章末尾【扩展】中会介绍。这里可以直接先使用。 将 osd.6 osd.7 加入名称为 cache 的根中(根名称会自动创建,注意,由于默认情况下 osd 在启动时读取的是 hostname,因此该方法只是临时生效,在文章末尾【扩展】中会介绍永久生效办法) “高性能”存储盘现在已经有了,并且将其置于 cache 根下,这么做的意义在下一步中有体现。 现在可以进行下一步了。 当前环境下已经有一个默认的 crush 规则。 具体属性解释参考: https://docs.ceph.com/docs/mimic/rados/operations/crush-map-edits/#crush-map-rules 如上图划线处,当前规则只会使用 default 根的 osd。 前面创建高性能设备时,将其设置根为 cache。我们现在就可以创建一个只使用 cache 根中的 osd 的规则,从而实现缓存池和存储池使用不同的设备。 创建缓存池使用的规则: 其中: replicated_cache 指该规则的名字。 cache 指该规则使用的根。 host 指故障域级别。 再次查看所有规则: 现在我们有了一个只使用高性能存储设备的规则了。接下来就可以开始创建使用不同规则的池了。 创建存储池: 查看池: 查看该池的规则: 存储池至此已经好了。 缓存池在 ceph 中常以 hot 标识。 普通存储池在 ceph 中常以 cold 标识。 缓存有多种形式(官方文档列出以下几种,实际更多): 缓存参考: https://docs.ceph.com/docs/master/rados/operations/cache-tiering/ 创建缓存池 缓存池创建好以后,要将这个缓存池与对应存储池联系起来。这个联系的概念叫做 cache tiering,可以称之为缓存层,缓存代理。 参考: https://docs.ceph.com/docs/master/rados/operations/cache-tiering/ 对于 test_storage 池,我们有一个只读的缓存池了。只要我们读取 test_storage 中的某个对象,这个对象就应该自动的置于缓存池中一段时间。 可以发现,将对象上传回写模式的缓存池,存储池中也出现了对应的数据。 osd 的大小可能不相同,因此其上的数据量也不应该相同,因此引入权重来影响数据分布。 比如100G的 osd 权重为1,则200G的 osd 权重就应设置为2。 ceph osd tree 命令可以看到存储结构。可以结合自己机器执行的结果往下阅读。 一张官方图: 这是描述 ceph 存储结构的一张图。 首先这是一个树形结构。 其中最上层的 root default :root 是根的意思,default 就是这个根的名字。 中间 host foo :host 是主机的意思,foo 就是这个主机的名字。这里的主机名仅仅是个别称,不代表实际的主机,可以随意更改。 最下面的就是叶子节点了,具体指向 osd。 划分这三层结构的意义(不完全): 本文使用 ceph-deploy 添加 osd 时,并没有直接将其设置到最终根下,后续还需要手动配置。这么操作是不合理的,暂时未找到 ceph-deploy 指定根的参数。 当前文章配置的缓存池是2副本的。 某些时候,缓存数据是允许丢失的,比如只读的缓存。这种缓存池单副本即可,但是经测试,单副本池在 ceph 中似乎困难重重。 可以通过修改该机器的 hostname ,一劳永逸 这个时候,当机器重启后,该机器的所有 osd 的 host 名称都一样了,导致 osd tree 混乱。这个时候可以在 ceph.conf 中具体配置某块盘的信息。 当前环境配置参考: 增加如下内容: 重启后,一切正常。 在 osd 的启动上做文章。 比如,配置 osd 的启动方式,容器化 osd,容器会记住某些信息,因此可以实现永久生效 hostname。 osd 上的 pg 数量会对整体集群性能造成影响,并不是越多越好,也不是越少越好。 由于池有副本的概念,因此产生了如下的计算方式: 官方建议每个 osd 上的 pg 数为 100。实际测试每个 osd 上的 pg 数到达 250 时开始告警,因此该集群的总 pg 数不应超过: 因此出现此问题的原因: 所有池的 pg 数加起来超过了设定的 总 pg 数 。但集群依然可正常使用,因此只是一个警告。 解决该问题的手段: 目前个人经验来说,不要使用单副本。 crush 规则参考: https://docs.ceph.com/docs/master/rados/operations/crush-map/

cephfs-top尝鲜体验

根据ceph 16版本的changelog,16版本提供了cephfs-top文件系统监控工具。刚好手头最近有个16版本的集群,便体验一下。 文件系统客户端周期性向元数据服务发送各类监控指标(metrics),这部分数据由元数据服务路由到mds为rank 0的节点 。 元数据服务器(多活部署)同样会将自身的指标数据发送至rank 0节点。并由rank 0汇集之后发送给Ceph mgr服务。 工具的使用者可以看到两类和文件系统相关的数据: 1、全局数据。窥探文件系统整体情况,比如客户端延迟。 2、每个MDS服务的数据。比如每个MDS拥有的子树(但是实际体验没看到)。 ceph-mgr作为管理组件,具有集成插件的能力。stats负责统计插件。使用前开启stats插件 由stats插件提供的文件系统性能统计命令 (注:方括号代表可选) 不加mds_rank查看到的是整体文件系统监控指标。利用json形式查看。 输出如下: 尝试之后发现展示的信息还是不够直观。另外,MDS的统计信息都是空的。 其中属于 客户端 几个主要的参数: 几个延迟是总延迟,除以操作量才是平均延迟。 cephfs-top是类似top的形式,依赖组件是mgr中的stats插件。使用python语言实现,展示主要是客户端的统计情况。 cephfs-top源码中,获取数据实现部分。 创建client.fstop用户,该用户为cephfs-top工具默认使用的用户 安装cephfs-top工具 如果出现 “RADOS permission denied”的错误。使用ceph auth get命令获得fstop的keyring至本地ceph默认配置目录。 运行监控命令 选项 -d 可以支持0.5s以上的展示频率。 可展示信息: 1、客户端数量,统计FUSE、内核、libcephfs使用者。 2、客户端id; 3、客户端对应cephfs挂载目录; 4、客户端本地目录,IP地址; 5、chit cap的命中率。 6、rlat 读操作总延迟(单位s) 7、wlat 写操作总延迟(单位s)。 8、mlat 元数据操作总延迟(单位s)。 9、dlease dentry lease即客户端dentry可用率。 10、oicaps 该客户端持有caps的数量。 11、oinodes 该客户端打开文件持有inode的数量。 在统计插件stats和cephfs-top出现前,ceph支持到各个组件所在节点通过命令查看性能统计。 比如客户端的延迟只能登陆到各个挂载节点查看。MDS的情况也只能在对应的节点通过ceph daemon方式查看。现在做了部分信息的汇总,对于运维和性能优化工作而言非常方便。 但是,统计的信息覆盖面还比较窄,组件的统计信息细节没有完全展示,如果要查看某个客户端或者MDS的统计信息,还是需要到各个节点上查看。cephfs-top还有可完善的空间。

ceph和cephfs是一个概念么

Ceph是一套高性能,易扩展的,无单点的分布式文件存储系统,基于Sage A. Weil的论文开发,主要提供以下三个存储服务:对象存储(Object Storage),既可以通过使用Ceph的库,利用C, C++, Java, Python, PHP代码,也可以通过Restful网关以对象的形式访问或存储数据,兼容的S3和OpenStack的Swift。块存储(Block Storage),作为块设备像硬盘一样直接挂载。文件系统(File System) ,如同网络文件系统一样挂载,兼容POSIX接口。Ceph的结构,对象存储由LIBRADOS和RADOSGW提供,块存储由RBD提供,文件系统由CEPH FS提供,而RADOSGW, RBD, CEPH FS均需要调用LIBRADOS的接口,而最终都是以对象的形式存储于RADOS里。Ceph集群的节点有三种角色:Monitor,监控集群的健康状况,向客户端发送最新的CRUSH map(含有当前网络的拓扑结构)OSD,维护节点上的对象,响应客户端请求,与其他OSD节点同步MDS,提供文件的Metadata,如果不使用CephFS可以不安装!

如何加入ceph user list

如何加入ceph user list Ceph 是一个将数据存储在单一分布式计算机集群上的开源软件平台。当你计划构建一个云时,你首先需要决定如何实现你的存储。开源的 Ceph 是红帽原生技术之一,它基于称为 RADOS 的对象存储系统,用一组网关 API 表示块、文件、和对象模式中的数据 如何加入IPO 达到标准后,要经过发审委审核,5票通过后方可上市。 附: 主板、中小企业板上市条件: 发行前股本总额不少于人民币3000万元;发行后股本总额不少于人民币5000万元 - 最近3个会计年度净利润均为正且累计超过人民币3000万元 - 最近3个会计年度经营活动产生的现金流量净额累计超过人民币5000万元;或者最近3个会计年度营业收入累计超过人民币3亿元 - 最近一期末无形资产占净资产的比例不高于20% - 最近一期末不存在未弥补亏损 创业板上市条件: IPO后总股本不得少于3000万元 - 发行人应当主要经营一种业务 - 第一套标准为:最近两年连续盈利,最近两年净利润累计不少于1000万元,且持续增长。第二套标准为:最近一年盈利,且净利润不少于500万元,最近一年营业收入不少于5000万元,最近两年营业收入增长率均不低于30%。 - 上述两套标准还须满足四个条件,净利润以扣除非经常性损益前后孰低者为计算依据,发行前净资产不少于两千万元,最近一期末不存在未弥补亏损。 相关流程如下: 中小企业IPO流程(简要) IPO步骤摘要:股份有限公司设立→上市辅导→发行申报与审核→发行、挂牌 一、改制与设立 (一)改制、设立方式:三种 1、新设设立:5个以上发起人; 2、改制设立:原资产评估后作为原投资者的出资; 3、有限公司整体变更。 (二)改制与设立程序: 1、新设:发起人制定设立方案;签署发起人协议、公司章程;获省级 *** 批准;发起人认购、缴款;验资;创立大会;申请登记。 2、改制设立:拟订方案;资产评估;发起人协议、公司章程;土地处置方案,获批; *** 批准;发起人认购、缴款;财产转移;验资;创立大会;申请登记。 3、有限变更:向国务院授权部门或省级 *** 提出变更申请并获批;聘请有证券资格的审计; 原股东做股份公司发起人,将经审计的净资产按1:1的比例投入到拟设立的股份公司; 验资;拟公司章程;创立大会;变更登记。 二、上市辅导(IPO前,应至少辅导一年) (一)辅导程序: 聘请保荐机构;签署辅导协议,证监局备案;正式开始辅导;辅导机构对问题提出整改建议,督促整改;对接受辅导人员进行至少1次书面考试;向证监局提交辅导评估申请;证监局验收,出具监管报告;准备发行股票事宜,在辅导期满6个月后10天内,就接受辅导、准备发股事宜在报纸公告。 (二)辅导内容: 督促董事、监事、高管人员、持5%以上(含5%)股东或法人代表进行全面法规知识学习、培训;督促股份公司建立现代企业制度要求的公司治理基础;核查股份公司在设立、改制重组、股权设置和转让、增资扩股、资产评估、资本验证方面是否合法有效,产权关系是否明晰,股权结构是否符合规定;督促独立经营,做到业务、资产、人员、财务、机构独立完整,主营突出,形成核心竞争力;督促股份公司规范与控股股东及其他关联方的关系;督促建立完善内部决策控制制度;督促建立健全财务会计管理体系,杜绝会计造假;明确业务目标、未来发展计划,制定可行的募股资金投向规划;对股份公司是否达到发行上市条件进行综合评值,协助开展首次发行股票的准备工作。 三、发行申报与审核 (一)是否达到发行条件: 1、前一次新股已募足,间隔一年以上; 2、设立股份公司已满3年,国有改制、有限变更的可不受限; 3、最近三年连续盈利,并可向股东支付股利; 4、三年内无重大违法行为,财务文件无虚假记载; 5、预期利润率达到同期银行存款利率; 6、发行前股本不少于拟发行股本的35%,且发行后总股本不少于人民币5000万元,向社会公开发行股份达股份总数的25%以上,股本超过4亿元的,公开发行比例为15%以上; 7、生产经营符合国家产业政策; 8、发行前一年末,无形资产(不含土地)占资产总额不得超过20%,发行后净资产占总资产中的比例不低于30%; 9、与控股股东(或实质控制人)及其全资或控股企业不存在同业竞争; 10、具有直接面向市场独立经营的能力,最近一年和最近一期与控股股东及其全资或控股企业在产品销售或原材料采购交易额,占公司主营收入或外购原材料比例不超过30%; 11、具有完整的业务体系,最近一年和最近一期公司委托控股股东及其全资或控股企业产品销售或原材料采购交易额均不超过30%; 12、具有开展生产经营必备的资产,最近一年和最近一期,以承包、委托经营、租赁或其他类似方法以来控股股东及其全资或控股企业产生的收入不超过主营业务收入的30%; 13、董事长、副董事长、总经理、副总经理、财务负责人、董秘没有在控股股东(或实质控制人)中担任除董事以外的其他行政职务,也没有在控股股东处领薪; 14、除国务院规定的投资公司和控股公司外,公司所累计投资额不得超过本公司净资产的50%(最近一期审计合并表); 15、董事会中至少有三分之一独立董事,且独立董事至少包括一名会计专业人士(高级或CPA); 16、所募资产有明确用途,投资项目经慎重论证,筹资额不得超过上年未经审计净资产的两倍。 (二)为股票发行申请文件制作做好准备工作: 聘请有证券资格的律师和会计师;和保荐机构共同制定初步发行方案;对募资投资项目的可行性进行评估;对需环保出具证明的,申请测试,获得证明文件;整理公司近三年的所得税申报表并向税务申请出具近三年是否存在违反税收法规的证明。 (三)制作发行文件: 招股说明书及摘要;近三年审计报告;发行方案和发行公告;保荐机构向证监会推荐公司发行股票的函;保荐机构关于申请发行、核查意见;辅导机构报证监局备案的《股票发行上市辅导汇总报告》;律师出具的法律意见书和律师工作报告;企业申请发行股票的报告;企业发行股票授权董事会处理有关事宜的股东大会决议;本次募资运用方案及股东大会决议;有权部门对固定资产投资项目建议书的批准文件(如需立项的);募资运用项目的可行性研究报告;股份公司设立的相关文件;其他相关文件。 (四)股票发行审核: 1、受理申请文件。申报文件要齐全和形式合规,审计资料最后审计日在三个月内; 2、初审。发行部静默审核申报材料; 3、发审委审核。7名委员,记名方式,同意票要达到5票方为通过; 4、核准发行。受理之日起三个月内。 四、发行与挂牌上市 (一)发行: 1、刊登招股说明书摘要和发行公告; 2、通过互联网发行路演(也可现场推介); 3、投资者申购; 4、深交所进行配号; 5、公布配号; 6、主承销商摇号抽签; 7、公布中签结果; 8、收取新股认购款; 9、清算交割,划入主承销商指定帐户; 10、承销商将募资划入发行人指定帐户; 11、验资。 (二)上市: 拟订代码、简称,申请报深交所核定;向深交所上市申请;审查批准,发出上市通知书;与深交所签订上市协议书;披露上市公告书,在挂牌前三个工作日内公告;挂牌交易,一般在股票发行后七个交易日内挂牌。 如何加入CBA 校队-区队-市队-省队-cba 或先打cuba,有机会进cba 主要看你的技术到不到家. 说实话你是校队的没错!但是你是初中的校队呀!你又不是什么体校的校队去比赛!你以初中校队就想打CBA是不可能的!你如果选择打CUBA或大超还有可能!你也不要小看CUBA和大超!虽然没人关注但是真的很不好打!往往那些高中校队还是那种省第一名的主力球员打CUBA都有得都打不上去!举个例吧!像华侨大学张佳滨还是他们高中校队的队长!差点连CUBA都进不去了!加上当时华侨大学的教练组都认为张佳滨说他技术很一般!像个篮球爱好者!不是张佳滨投篮!还有反应和意识能力觉得让华侨大学觉得能够培养的话!他早就打不了CUBA了!他虽然苦练后就在华侨大学打得出色!当了华侨大学队长!最后CUBA打完了!没CBA球队请他!只有甲A联赛的球队请他去而已!但因为那球队解散了!他就回来当华侨大学的助教了!你看一位高中球员还是队长!进去打CUBA都要面对很多困难了!张佳滨还是参加CUBA高中校队最为出色的!他都没办法打CBA!你还是不要想打CBA了吧!加上你不知道能不能进去重点高中去打高中联赛还是一个问题呢!你即使你有实力打高中联赛的水平!让你在高中打得出色!告诉你高中水平打CUBA都不够!还要吃很大的苦才能打上去!才可以打CUBA!高中水平和CUBA差很大!知道吗?我建议你 高中联赛-CUBA或大超-CBA!你就这步打!你起码要先打高水平的赛!你是不可能马上打CBA的!即使是乔丹也是先打NCAA!才打NBA! 如何加入dsa 你好,设置导航路径的时候设置为DSA ,打开DSA再设置为地图就可以了,导航路径设置界面一般会有一个开机自动启动地图的选项,打勾就好了,祝你出入平安。。 如何加入dollars? 承认自己是DOLLARS,宣称自己是DOLLARS。 如何加入OUGO? OUGO现在有5种加盟选项,OG中心,OG总监、OG先锋,OG掌柜、OG达人,每种加盟方式所包含的福利是不一的,具有可以点击他们的官网了解。 如何加入FBI 先加入美国国籍,然后去美国先当警察,再找机会进入FBI 如何加入anti 这种没什么加入不加入的 就是到处去骂你讨厌的组合和人 不过最好别做免没得惹是生非 只会对自己喜爱的明星只会带来污点 以及自己被别人攻击 如何加入COSPLAY 有爱即可 在百度COSPLAY贴吧,发贴求加入的话 有可能遇到志同道合的朋友哦

cephfs集群搭建,在客户端挂载后,在这个挂载目录里,新建目录,存储数据,能限制目录的大小吗(配额)?

cephfs使用ceph-fuse的方式挂载可以设置配额,内核方式挂载暂时还不能设置配额,用户态ceph-fuse挂载设置配额的方式为:setfattr -n ceph.quota.max_bytes -v 10000 /dir/dir/

ceph(第二步) 三节点部署(ceph-deploy)

使用 ceph-deploy 工具部署 ceph 存储集群。 使用虚拟机构建三节点 ceph 存储集群。 全篇使用 root 权限。 虚拟化软件:vmware 虚拟机操作系统:centos 7.6 每台虚拟机配置:2G内存,1块系统盘(50G),2块ceph将使用的硬盘(每块20G) 虚拟机网络:一条虚拟机间互通,并且可以上网的网络即可(NAT)。 总共三台虚拟机:ceph01、ceph02、ceph03 ceph 版本:nautilus ceph-deploy 版本:2.0.1 当前时间: 2019.10 部署过程整体描述: 首先选出一台机器作为部署节点,部署节点负责为机器部署 ceph 软件。这里直接选择 ceph01 作为部署节点。 我这里 ceph01、ceph02、ceph03 对应的地址分别为: 10.10.10.31、10.10.10.32、10.10.10.33 所有机器均关闭掉防火墙。 所有机器均配置 yum 国内加速源: 所有机器均配置 pip 国内加速源: 这里配置的是部署节点到其它机器间的主机解析。 vim /etc/hosts 添加如下内容: 这里配置的是部署节点到其它机器间的免密登录。 注意:以下每行命令执行后都需要输入密码,不能直接全部复制粘贴。 命令参考如下,尽量每个节点都测试一下 所有机器执行如下命令: 注意!当前步骤十分重要。 在 ceph 中读取了 hostname 命令产生的结果。 因此在每个节点上均需修改自己的 hostname。命令参考: 进入到 ceph01 节点上: 按照此方法修改其它节点的 hostname。 主要分两步: 第一步,安装 ceph-deploy 第二步,使用 ceph-deploy 安装 ceph 组件。 该步骤所有命令均在部署节点上执行。 安装 ceph-deploy: 该步骤所有命令均在部署节点上执行。 vim /opt/ceph-deploy/ceph.conf 在 global 中增加: 当前命令执行以后,可以在当前目录下发现许多的 keyring 文件,这是连接其它节点的凭据。以后的 ceph-deploy 命令均在当前目录下执行才可正常使用。 将当前临时文件夹下的配置文件同步到所有节点的 /etc/ceph/ 下 我这个环境有三台虚拟机,每台虚拟机上有额外2块硬盘用于 ceph 集群,它们是 sdb、sdc。这个要根据自己的环境找到正确的硬盘。 命令参考如下: 其中 /dev/sdb ceph01 ,表示 ceph01 节点上的 /dev/sdb 硬盘。 命令执行完以后,基础的环境就算搭建完成了。可以执行如下命令查看集群的状态: ceph 健康: ceph health ceph 集群详细状态:ceph -s ceph 集群 osd 状态:ceph osd tree 至此,该集群还处于一个基础的状态,并不能正常使用。 接下来需要配置 ceph pool 相关信息,以及安装配置 rgw 从而使用对象存储功能。 vim /opt/ceph-deploy/ceph.conf 在 global 中增加如下: 其中 pg num 需要计算得出,pgp num 与 pg num 保持一致。 粗略的计算方法: ( osd 数量 * 100 ) / 池副本数。 同步配置文件: vim /opt/ceph-deploy/ceph.conf 增加如下内容: 整体配置如下: 安装 rgw: 至此,我们可以去创建一个 pool,并上传文件测试集群了。 这个时候执行 ceph -s 可以看到集群报了 warn 信息,如下: 这不是因为我们哪里配置有问题,这是 ceph 的某个告警配置。当某个 osd 的 pg 小于 30 时会发出告警。现在可以忽略这个问题。ceph 提供这个配置,可能是担心集群在未来使用中出现 pg 分布不均匀的情况。 参考: https://docs.ceph.com/docs/master/rados/configuration/pool-pg-config-ref/ 查看池列表:ceph osd lspools ceph 默认的池已经创建一些 pg。为了解决前面的告警,我们需要满足每个 osd 都有超过30个 pg,因此创建一个具有80个 pg 的池。 (此时用 ceph -s 可以看到集群状态又是 HEALTH_OK 了) 命令参考: 可以看到文件已经上传上去了,并且叫 test-object-1 rados get test-object-1 /tmp/test-object-1 -p mytest 可以看到两个文件的内容是一样的,到此,基本的部署及使用均正常了。 在 ceph 中,hostname 是一个非常重要的属性。 hostname 命令只可以临时改变当前主机的主机名,并不会永久生效。 目前已知两种方式会永久影响主机名。 第一种情况,很直观,不再多做介绍。 第二种情况时: 这样的配置,会让通过 10.10.10.31 地址访问进来的连接所识别到的主机名改为 ceph01。 在本环境中,不同的 ceph 节点之间通过 10.10.10.0/24 地址进行通信,所以只需要为该地址配置主机名。 在 ceph 中,如果主机名混乱,会发生什么? ceph osd tree 这个命令可以让你看到主机名混乱带来的后果:如果糟糕的事情已经发生了,我们只需要修改好主机名,然后重启机器,一切都会恢复正常: 第一种方式的优先级高于第二种。 因此只需要更改 /etc/hostname 即可。文件内容参考如下: 无

cephfs中告警盘点

总结下cephfs中由mds产生的告警信息。 Behind on trimming... 字面翻译落后于日志裁剪(trim)。mds的日志机制:mds以日志方式先保存元数据,元数据保存在每条操作的事件(event)中,事件(通常是1024个)组成segment。当segment到达一定数量时(mds_log_max_segments默认32)对日志进行裁剪,即将部分日志关联的元数据写回。出现该条告警实际上表明回写速度慢或者遇到了bug,单纯地将配置提高并不是最理想的办法。 Client name failing to respond to capability release 客户端没有及时响应释放cap的请求。在cephfs中客户端需要向mds获得响应的操作能力,称为cap。获得cap则有相关的操作能力。如果其他客户端需要操作时,mds会要求当前客户端释放cap。如果客户端出现bug或者没有响应,则mds会在60秒(session_timeout 设置)会出现该告警。 Client name failing to respond to cache pressure 客户端没有及时相应(mds的)缓存压力。元数据缓存一部分元数据信息,同时mds会在自身内存中缓存同样的信息。如果其缓存的元数据超过了最大inode缓存量或者最大内存用量,mds会要求客户端释放一定数量的缓存。如果在规定时间内即60s(mds_recall_warning_decay_rate的值)没有释放32k(默认设置在mds_recall_warning_threshold中,随后会减少)则产生告警 。产生告警的原因可能是客户端存在bug或者无法及时响应。 Client name failing to advance its oldest client/flush tid 客户端没有更新其最久客户端tid值。tid是指客户端和mds直接通信的task id。每次客户端完成任务后更新该task id,告知mds mds可以不用管该id之前的任务了。mds即可释放相关的占用资源。否则,资源不会被主动释放。当mds端自行记录的任务完成数超过100K(max_completed_requests设置)时,客户端并没有更新id,则产生相应的告警。 出现该告警可能代表客户端存在bug。也遇到过mds因为锁问题部分请求卡住,重启mds 锁状态正常后可以恢复。 MDS in read-only mode 字面翻译mds进入只读模式。只读模式意味着在客户端上创建文件等操作元数据的行为将不被允许。进入只读的原因可能是向元数据池写入时发生错误,或者通过命令强制mds进入只读模式。 N slow requests are blocked 字面翻译多个慢请求在阻塞状态。出现该条告警意味着客户端的消息没有处理完成,超过了mds_op_complaint_time所规定的时间(默认30s)。可能出现的原因是mds运行缓慢,或者向rados写入日志未确认(底层pg或者osd出现问题),或者是mds存在的bug。此时,通过ops命令查看当前正在执行的操作,可进一步分析出现阻塞请求的原因。 Too many inodes in cache 字面翻译在mds的缓存中缓存了太多inode。mds的缓存指两个方面:inode数量和内存占用量。inode默认值mds_cache_size为100K,mds_cache_memory_limit为1G。到达一个告警的阈值后产生告警,一般为50%(mds_health_cache_threshold)。通过调整参数可以避免告警的出现,但是这只是治标的办法,治本的办法需要跟踪业务,了解资源占用的具体原因,是否只是通过调整参数可以解决。

Ceph:一个 Linux PB 级分布式文件系统

Ceph 最初是一项关于存储系统的 PhD 研究项目,由 Sage Weil 在 University of California, Santa Cruz(UCSC)实施。但是到了 2010 年 3 月底,您可以在主线 Linux 内核(从 2.6.34 版开始)中找到 Ceph 的身影。虽然 Ceph 可能还不适用于生产环境,但它对测试目的还是非常有用的。本文探讨了 Ceph 文件系统及其独有的功能,这些功能让它成为可扩展分布式存储的最有吸引力的备选。 “Ceph” 对一个文件系统来说是个奇怪的名字,它打破了大多数人遵循的典型缩写趋势。这个名字和 UCSC(Ceph 的诞生地)的吉祥物有关,这个吉祥物是 “Sammy”,一个香蕉色的蛞蝓,就是头足类中无壳的软体动物。这些有多触角的头足类动物,提供了一个分布式文件系统的最形象比喻。 开发一个分布式文件系统需要多方努力,但是如果能准确地解决问题,它就是无价的。Ceph 的目标简单地定义为: 不幸的是,这些目标之间会互相竞争(例如,可扩展性会降低或者抑制性能或者影响可靠性)。Ceph 开发了一些非常有趣的概念(例如,动态元数据分区,数据分布和复制),这些概念在本文中只进行简短地探讨。Ceph 的设计还包括保护单一点故障的容错功能,它假设大规模(PB 级存储)存储故障是常见现象而不是例外情况。最后,它的设计并没有假设某种特殊工作负载,但是包括适应变化的工作负载,提供最佳性能的能力。它利用 POSIX 的兼容性完成所有这些任务,允许它对当前依赖 POSIX 语义(通过以 Ceph 为目标的改进)的应用进行透明的部署。最后,Ceph 是开源分布式存储,也是主线 Linux 内核(2.6.34)的一部分。 现在,让我们探讨一下 Ceph 的架构以及高端的核心要素。然后我会拓展到另一层次,说明 Ceph 中一些关键的方面,提供更详细的探讨。 Ceph 生态系统可以大致划分为四部分(见图 1):客户端(数据用户),元数据服务器(缓存和同步分布式元数据),一个对象存储集群(将数据和元数据作为对象存储,执行其他关键职能),以及最后的集群监视器(执行监视功能)。 如图 1 所示,客户使用元数据服务器,执行元数据操作(来确定数据位置)。元数据服务器管理数据位置,以及在何处存储新数据。值得注意的是,元数据存储在一个存储集群(标为 “元数据 I/O”)。实际的文件 I/O 发生在客户和对象存储集群之间。这样一来,更高层次的 POSIX 功能(例如,打开、关闭、重命名)就由元数据服务器管理,不过 POSIX 功能(例如读和写)则直接由对象存储集群管理。 另一个架构视图由图 2 提供。一系列服务器通过一个客户界面访问 Ceph 生态系统,这就明白了元数据服务器和对象级存储器之间的关系。分布式存储系统可以在一些层中查看,包括一个存储设备的格式(Extent and B-tree-based Object File System [EBOFS] 或者一个备选),还有一个设计用于管理数据复制,故障检测,恢复,以及随后的数据迁移的覆盖管理层,叫做 Reliable Autonomic Distributed Object Storage (RADOS)。最后,监视器用于识别组件故障,包括随后的通知。 了解了 Ceph 的概念架构之后,您可以挖掘到另一个层次,了解在 Ceph 中实现的主要组件。Ceph 和传统的文件系统之间的重要差异之一就是,它将智能都用在了生态环境而不是文件系统本身。 图 3 显示了一个简单的 Ceph 生态系统。Ceph Client 是 Ceph 文件系统的用户。Ceph Metadata Daemon 提供了元数据服务器,而 Ceph Object Storage Daemon 提供了实际存储(对数据和元数据两者)。最后,Ceph Monitor 提供了集群管理。要注意的是,Ceph 客户,对象存储端点,元数据服务器(根据文件系统的容量)可以有许多,而且至少有一对冗余的监视器。那么,这个文件系统是如何分布的呢? 早期版本的 Ceph 利用在 User SpacE(FUSE)的 Filesystems,它把文件系统推入到用户空间,还可以很大程度上简化其开发。但是今天,Ceph 已经被集成到主线内核,使其更快速,因为用户空间上下文交换机对文件系统 I/O 已经不再需要。 因为 Linux 显示文件系统的一个公共界面(通过虚拟文件系统交换机 [VFS]),Ceph 的用户透视图就是透明的。管理员的透视图肯定是不同的,考虑到很多服务器会包含存储系统这一潜在因素(要查看更多创建 Ceph 集群的信息,见 参考资料 部分)。从用户的角度看,他们访问大容量的存储系统,却不知道下面聚合成一个大容量的存储池的元数据服务器,监视器,还有独立的对象存储设备。用户只是简单地看到一个安装点,在这点上可以执行标准文件 I/O。 Ceph 文件系统 — 或者至少是客户端接口 — 在 Linux 内核中实现。值得注意的是,在大多数文件系统中,所有的控制和智能在内核的文件系统源本身中执行。但是,在 Ceph 中,文件系统的智能分布在节点上,这简化了客户端接口,并为 Ceph 提供了大规模(甚至动态)扩展能力。 Ceph 使用一个有趣的备选,而不是依赖分配列表(将磁盘上的块映射到指定文件的元数据)。Linux 透视图中的一个文件会分配到一个来自元数据服务器的 inode number(INO),对于文件这是一个唯一的标识符。然后文件被推入一些对象中(根据文件的大小)。使用 INO 和 object number(ONO),每个对象都分配到一个对象 ID(OID)。在 OID 上使用一个简单的哈希,每个对象都被分配到一个放置组。 放置组 (标识为 PGID)是一个对象的概念容器。最后,放置组到对象存储设备的映射是一个伪随机映射,使用一个叫做 Controlled Replication Under Scalable Hashing (CRUSH)的算法。这样一来,放置组(以及副本)到存储设备的映射就不用依赖任何元数据,而是依赖一个伪随机的映射函数。这种操作是理想的,因为它把存储的开销最小化,简化了分配和数据查询。 分配的最后组件是集群映射。 集群映射 是设备的有效表示,显示了存储集群。有了 PGID 和集群映射,您就可以定位任何对象。 元数据服务器(cmds)的工作就是管理文件系统的名称空间。虽然元数据和数据两者都存储在对象存储集群,但两者分别管理,支持可扩展性。事实上,元数据在一个元数据服务器集群上被进一步拆分,元数据服务器能够自适应地复制和分配名称空间,避免出现热点。如图 4 所示,元数据服务器管理名称空间部分,可以(为冗余和性能)进行重叠。元数据服务器到名称空间的映射在 Ceph 中使用动态子树逻辑分区执行,它允许 Ceph 对变化的工作负载进行调整(在元数据服务器之间迁移名称空间)同时保留性能的位置。 但是因为每个元数据服务器只是简单地管理客户端人口的名称空间,它的主要应用就是一个智能元数据缓存(因为实际的元数据最终存储在对象存储集群中)。进行写操作的元数据被缓存在一个短期的日志中,它最终还是被推入物理存储器中。这个动作允许元数据服务器将最近的元数据回馈给客户(这在元数据操作中很常见)。这个日志对故障恢复也很有用:如果元数据服务器发生故障,它的日志就会被重放,保证元数据安全存储在磁盘上。 元数据服务器管理 inode 空间,将文件名转变为元数据。元数据服务器将文件名转变为索引节点,文件大小,和 Ceph 客户端用于文件 I/O 的分段数据(布局)。 Ceph 包含实施集群映射管理的监视器,但是故障管理的一些要素是在对象存储本身中执行的。当对象存储设备发生故障或者新设备添加时,监视器就检测和维护一个有效的集群映射。这个功能按一种分布的方式执行,这种方式中映射升级可以和当前的流量通信。Ceph 使用 Paxos,它是一系列分布式共识算法。 和传统的对象存储类似,Ceph 存储节点不仅包括存储,还包括智能。传统的驱动是只响应来自启动者的命令的简单目标。但是对象存储设备是智能设备,它能作为目标和启动者,支持与其他对象存储设备的通信和合作。 从存储角度来看,Ceph 对象存储设备执行从对象到块的映射(在客户端的文件系统层中常常执行的任务)。这个动作允许本地实体以最佳方式决定怎样存储一个对象。Ceph 的早期版本在一个名为 EBOFS 的本地存储器上实现一个自定义低级文件系统。这个系统实现一个到底层存储的非标准接口,这个底层存储已针对对象语义和其他特性(例如对磁盘提交的异步通知)调优。今天,B-tree 文件系统(BTRFS)可以被用于存储节点,它已经实现了部分必要功能(例如嵌入式完整性)。 因为 Ceph 客户实现 CRUSH,而且对磁盘上的文件映射块一无所知,下面的存储设备就能安全地管理对象到块的映射。这允许存储节点复制数据(当发现一个设备出现故障时)。分配故障恢复也允许存储系统扩展,因为故障检测和恢复跨生态系统分配。Ceph 称其为 RADOS(见 图 3 )。 如果文件系统的动态和自适应特性不够,Ceph 还执行一些用户可视的有趣功能。用户可以创建快照,例如,在 Ceph 的任何子目录上(包括所有内容)。文件和容量计算可以在子目录级别上执行,它报告一个给定子目录(以及其包含的内容)的存储大小和文件数量。 虽然 Ceph 现在被集成在主线 Linux 内核中,但只是标识为实验性的。在这种状态下的文件系统对测试是有用的,但是对生产环境没有做好准备。但是考虑到 Ceph 加入到 Linux 内核的行列,还有其创建人想继续研发的动机,不久之后它应该就能用于解决您的海量存储需要了。 Ceph 在分布式文件系统空间中并不是唯一的,但它在管理大容量存储生态环境的方法上是独一无二的。分布式文件系统的其他例子包括 Google File System(GFS),General Parallel File System(GPFS),还有 Lustre,这只提到了一部分。Ceph 背后的想法为分布式文件系统提供了一个有趣的未来,因为海量级别存储导致了海量存储问题的唯一挑战。

ceph rgw故障处理

这里想总结下,平时遇到的ceph rgw相关的故障和对应的处理方法。方便下次遇到类似问题之后,能快速有效的找到解决方案。这里故障案例的来源我是会从各种渠道去收集的,比如:自身环境、官网、群友在群里反馈等等地方。 有时间会持续更新。 有时候radosgw的客户端(比如s3cmd),在和radosgw交互过程中出现卡顿,radosgw响应请求非常慢等状况。 首先我们先检查下客户端和集群的网络有没有问题,如果没有问题。我们可以通过radosgw的守护进程的管理套接字来获取radosgw的内部相关信息。到radosgw实例所在节点上执行如下命令: 上面命令输出里面的ops字段里面可以看到有两个请求,tid为1858和tid为1873的请求。我们拿tid为1858的请求举例说明,这个请求信息为 其中last_sent字段表示发送给rados请求的时间,如果这个时间和当前时间相差间隔比较大,说明这个发送给rados的请求,rados一直没有回应,导致radosgw无法回复客户端(s3cmd)请求,所以客户端s3cmd就会出现卡顿的情况。 好了,我们知道了原因,然后在继续看osd这个字段,它表示radosgw将这个请求发给了哪个osd,上面可以看到是发给了osd.1这个osd,pg是2.d2041a48,然后我们执行 可以看到,这个pg的主本是osd.1,副本是osd.0,然后我们到osd.1所在的节点,执行命令 上面信息中找到tid为1858这个请求的相关信息,然后看到flag_point这个字段,waiting for sub ops表示在等待其他副本osd.0的回复。 现在我们知道了是因为osd.0没有回复消息给主本osd.1,从而导致整个io被卡住,因为osd.0没有回复消息的可能性非常多,所以就要根据实际的情况去排查osd.0为啥没有回复消息给主本osd.1了。

Ceph 架构与原理

Ceph 是一个开源项目,它提供软件定义的、统一的存储解决方案 。Ceph 是一个具有高性能、高度可伸缩性、可大规模扩展并且无单点故障的分布式存储系统 。 Ceph 是软件定义存储解决方案 Ceph 是统一存储解决方案 Ceph 是云存储解决方案 高可用性 高扩展性 特性丰富 Ceph独一无二地统一的系统提供了对象存储、块存储和文件存储功能。Ceph存储集群由几个不同的软件守护进程组成(比较重要的两个是MON和OSD),每个守护进程负责Ceph的一个独特功能并将值添加到相应的组件中。 RADOS是CEPH存储系统的核心,也称为Ceph 存储集群。Ceph的数据访问方法(如RBD,CephFS,RADOSGW,librados)的所有操作都是在RADOS层之上构建的。当Ceph 集群接收到来自客户端的请求时,CRUSH算法首先计算出存储位置,最后将这些对象存储在OSD中,当配置的复制数大于1时,RADOS负责的形式将数据分发到集群内的所有节点,最后将这些对象存储在OSD中。当配置的复制数大于1时,RADOS负责数据的可靠性,它复制对象,创建副本并将它们存储在不同的故障区域中。 RADOS包含两个核心组件: OSD和MON OSD 是Ceph 存储集群中最重要的一个基础组件,他负责将实际的数据以对象的形式存储在每一个集群节点的物理磁盘中。对于任何读写操作,客户端首先向MON请求集群MAP,然后客户端旧可以直接和OSD进行I/O操作。 一个Ceph 集群包含多个OSD。一个典型的Ceph集群方案会为集群节点上的每个物理磁盘创建一个ODS守护进程,这个是推荐的做法。OSD上的每个对象都有一个主副本和几个辅副本,辅副本分散在其他OSD。一个OSD对于一些对象是主副本,同时对于其他对象可能是辅副本,存放辅副本的OSD主副本OSD控制,如果主副本OSD异常(或者对应的磁盘故障),辅副本OSD可以成为主副本OSD。 OSD是有一个已经存在的Linux文件系统的物理磁盘驱动器和OSD服务组成。Ceph 推荐OSD使用的文件系统是XFS。OSD的所有写都是先存到日志,再到存储. MON 负责监控整个集群的健康状况。它以守护进程的形式存在,一个MON为每一个组件维护一个独立的MAP,如OSD,MON,PG,CRUSH 和MDS map。这些map 统称为集群的MAP。MON 不为客户端存储和提供数据,它为客户端以及集群内其他节点提供更新集群MAP的服务。客户端和集群内其他节点定期与MON确认自己持有的是否是集群最新的MAP.一个Ceph集群通常包含多个MON节点,但是同一时间只有一个MON。 librados是一个本地的C语言库,通过它应用程序可以直接和RADOS通信,提高性能 Ceph 块存储,简称 RBD,是基于 librados 之上的块存储服务接口。RBD 的驱动程序已经被集成到 Linux 内核(2.6.39 或更高版本)中,也已经被 QEMU/KVM Hypervisor 支持,它们都能够无缝地访问 Ceph 块设备。Linux 内核 RBD(KRBD)通过 librados 映射 Ceph 块设备,然后 RADOS 将 Ceph 块设备的数据对象以分布式的方式存储在集群节点中 RGW,Ceph对象网关,也称做RADOS网关,它是一个代理,可以将HTTP请求转换为RADOS,也可以把RADOS转换为HTTP请求,从而提供restful接口,兼容S3和Swift。Ceph对象网关使用Ceph对象网关守护进程(RGW)与librgw、librados交互。Ceph对象网关支持三类接口:S3、Swift、管理API(通过restful接口管理Ceph集群)。RGW有自己的用户管理体系 Ceph 元数据服务器服务进程,简称 MDS。只有在启用了 Ceph 文件存储(CephFS)的集群中才需要启用 MDS,它负责跟踪文件层次结构,存储和管理 CephFS 的元数据。MDS 的元数据也是以 Obejct 的形式存储在 OSD 上。除此之外,MDS 提供了一个带智能缓存层的共享型连续文件系统,可以大大减少 OSD 读写操作频率。 CephFS在RADOS层之上提供了一个兼容POSIX的文件系统。它使用MDS作为守护进程,负责管理其元数据并将它和其他数据分开。CephFS使用cephfuse模块(FUSE)扩展其在用户空间文件系统方面的支持(就是将CephFS挂载到客户端机器上)。它还允许直接与应用程序交互,使用libcephfs库直接访问RADOS集群。 Ceph管理器软件,可以收集整个集群的所有状态。有仪表板插件 一个对象通常包含绑定在一起的数据和元数据,并且用一个全局唯一的标识符标识。这个唯一的标识符确保在整个存储集群中没有其他对象使用相同的对象ID,保证对象唯一性。基于文件的存储中,文件大小是有限制的,与此不同的是,对象的大小是可以随着大小可变的元数据而变得很大。对象不使用一个目录层次结构或树结构来存储,相反,它存储在一个包含数十亿对象且没有任何复杂性的线性地址空间中。对象可以存储在本地,也可以存放在地理上分开的线性地址空间中,也就是说,在一个连续的存储空间中。任何应用程序都可以基于对象ID通过调用restful API从对象中获取数据。这个URL可以以同样的方式工作在因特网上,一个对象ID作为一个唯一的指针指向对象。这些对象都以复制的方式存储在OSD中,因为能提供高可用性。 对于Ceph集群的一次读写操作,客户端首先联系MON获取一个集群map副本,然后使用对象和池名/ID将数据转换为对象。接着将对象和PG数一起经过散列来生成其在Ceph池中最终存放的那一个PG。然后前面计算好的PG经过CRUSH查找来确定存储或获取数据所需的主OSD的位置。得到准确的OSD ID之后,客户端直接联系这个OSD来存取数据。所有这些计算操作都由客户端来执行,因此它不会影响Ceph集群的性能。一旦数据被写入主OSD,主OSD所在节点将执行CRUSH查找辅助PG和OSD的位置来实现数据复制,进而实现高可用。 u2003u2003简单地说,首先基于池ID将对象名和集群PG数应用散列函数得到一个PG ID,然后,针对这个PG ID执行CRUSH查找得到主OSD和辅助OSD,最后写入数据。 PG是一组对象地逻辑集合,通过复制它到不同的OSD上来提供存储系统的可靠性。根据Ceph池的复制级别,每个PG的数据会被复制并分发到Ceph集群的多个OSD上。可以将PG看成一个逻辑容器,这个容器包含多个对象,同时这个逻辑容器被映射到多个OSD。 u2003u2003计算正确的PG数对一个Ceph存储集群来说是至关重要的一步。PG数计算公式如下 Ceph池是一个用来存储对象的逻辑分区,每个池都包含一定数量的PG,进而实现把一定数量的对象映射到集群内部不同OSD上的目的。每一个池都是交叉分布在集群所有节点上的,这样就能提供足够的弹性。池可以通过创建需要的副本数来保障数据的高可用性。 u2003u2003Ceph的池还支持快照功能,我们可以使用ceph osd pool mksnap命令来给特定的池制作快照。此外,Ceph池还允许我们为对象设置所有者和访问权限。 数据管理始于客户端向Ceph池中写数据。一旦客户端准备写数据到Ceph池中,数据首先写入基于池副本数的主OSD中。主OSD再复制相同的数据到每个辅助OSD中,并等待它们确认写入完成。只要辅助OSD完成数据写入,就会发送一个应答信号给主OSD。最后主OSD再返回一个应答信号给客户端,以确认完成整个写入操作。

Ke$ha的《Stephen》 歌词

歌曲名:Stephen歌手:Ke$ha专辑:Animal + Cannibal (Deluxe Edition)Ke$ha - StephenStephenStephenWhy won"t you call me?StephenWhy won"t you call me?I saw youIn your tight ass rocker pantsYou saw me tooI laughed"Cause I was completely trashedAnd I watched yourUgly girlfriendSneer across the roomAs if I really careThat she"s here with youAll I know is…Your my object of affectionMy drug of choiceMy sick obsessionStephenWhy won"t you call me?I"m sitting here waitingWhy won"t you call me?StephenI"m feeling patheticI can"t take rejectionWhy won"t you call me?I"ve got guysWaiting in a lineFor me too playMy evil girly gamesWith all their mindsJust watch meGot it downTo a simple artJust bat my EyesLike thisAnd there"s a broken heartBut somehow…You turn the tablesWhat the hellI can charm the pants of anyone elseBut youStephenWhy won"t you call me?I"m sitting here waitingWhy won"t you call me?StephenI"m feeling patheticI can"t take rejectionWhy won"t you call me?StephenI"m thinking" thatMaybeYou might think I"mCrazyIs that why you won"tCall meSteveDon"t you think I"mPrettyDo you notLove meIs that why you won"t call me?"Cause your my object of affectionMy drug of choiceMy sick obsessionI want to keep you as my pet to play withAnd hide under my bed foreverStephenWhy won"t you call me?I"m sitting here waitingWhy won"t you call me?StephenI"m feeling patheticI can"t take rejectionWhy won"t you call me?StephenI"ll knit you a sweaterI want to wrap you up in my loveForeverI will never let you go StephenI"ll never let goStephenWhy won"t you call me?I"m sitting here waitingWhy won"t you call me?StephenI"m feeling patheticI can"t take rejectionWhy won"t you call me----http://music.baidu.com/song/10736664

Ke$ha的《Stephen》 歌词

歌曲名:Stephen歌手:Ke$ha专辑:AnimalKe$ha - StephenStephenStephenWhy won"t you call me?StephenWhy won"t you call me?I saw youIn your tight ass rocker pantsYou saw me tooI laughed"Cause I was completely trashedAnd I watched yourUgly girlfriendSneer across the roomAs if I really careThat she"s here with youAll I know is…Your my object of affectionMy drug of choiceMy sick obsessionStephenWhy won"t you call me?I"m sitting here waitingWhy won"t you call me?StephenI"m feeling patheticI can"t take rejectionWhy won"t you call me?I"ve got guysWaiting in a lineFor me too playMy evil girly gamesWith all their mindsJust watch meGot it downTo a simple artJust bat my EyesLike thisAnd there"s a broken heartBut somehow…You turn the tablesWhat the hellI can charm the pants of anyone elseBut youStephenWhy won"t you call me?I"m sitting here waitingWhy won"t you call me?StephenI"m feeling patheticI can"t take rejectionWhy won"t you call me?StephenI"m thinking" thatMaybeYou might think I"mCrazyIs that why you won"tCall meSteveDon"t you think I"mPrettyDo you notLove meIs that why you won"t call me?"Cause your my object of affectionMy drug of choiceMy sick obsessionI want to keep you as my pet to play withAnd hide under my bed foreverStephenWhy won"t you call me?I"m sitting here waitingWhy won"t you call me?StephenI"m feeling patheticI can"t take rejectionWhy won"t you call me?StephenI"ll knit you a sweaterI want to wrap you up in my loveForeverI will never let you go StephenI"ll never let goStephenWhy won"t you call me?I"m sitting here waitingWhy won"t you call me?StephenI"m feeling patheticI can"t take rejectionWhy won"t you call me----http://music.baidu.com/song/585961

ceph-rgw之indexless

很多人对ceph,rgw的性能问题不太满意,主要是index pool(默认是存在一个shard里面,当一个shard越来越大时,一种极端情况是把相关的osd占满)的瓶颈,当然网上也有人提到了产生一些问题,主要问题如下: 对index pool进行scrub或deep-scrub的时候,如果shard对应的Object过大,会极大消耗底层存储设备性能,造成io请求超时。 底层deep-scrub的时候耗时过长,会出现request blocked,导致大量http请求超时而出现50x错误,从而影响到整个RGW服务的可用性。 当坏盘或者osd故障需要恢复数据的时候,恢复一个大体积的shard文件将耗尽存储节点性能,甚至可能因为OSD响应超时而导致整个集群出现雪崩。 考虑一个场景 如果你向ceph 上传对象时,同时也在本地或别的地方记录了元数据信息,你就可以避免使用index pool,同时也分担了ceph存储的压力。 使用indexless将会是一个不错的选择。 网址: http://www.ksingh.co.in/blog/2017/01/30/ceph-indexless-bucket-part-2/ 这个网址写的已经很全了。我就不费太多口舌。 验证是否设置好indexless,可以通过radosgw-admin 去查 例如:radosgw-admin bucket stats --bucket=bucket3 有一个index_type,normal是具有索引的对象存储,别的indexless的。 另外一种是采取分片+快池的方式详情请查看 https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1032858 1.设置完indexless 不会对之前的buket的类型有影响 2.通过indexless 设置的bucket 如果里面有数据,不会给你警告,会给你直接删除bucket,object会处于游离态 3.普通 bucket 可以通过上述命令查看数量,但是indexless 看不了,usage信息不存在。 4.删除bucket不会删除里面的对象 ,但是删除方式现在只能管理员操作rgw pool来删除,需要结合一定pool 文件命名格式去删,查看rgw object bucket 存储位置以及在pool里面对象名称命名方式 (后续文档介绍),当然通过你得知道下bucket_id。 5.设置生命周期,未到时间点人为删除bucket ,删除bucket ,内部游离的object 不会随生命周期而操作。

JosephKay出生于哪里

JosephKayJosephKay是一名编剧,代表作品有《亚娜》《30个门钥匙》等。外文名:JosephKay职业:编剧合作人物:杰兹·斯科利莫夫斯基代表作品:《亚娜》《30个门钥匙》电影作品

stephen crane 的。.的分析。。英文版的。

“The Open Boat” is a fictionalized account of a very traumatic personal experience in Crane"s life: a ship on which he was a passenger sank off the coast of Florida, and he found himself one of four men in a tiny open dinghy, struggling to make it through a narrow strip of rough sea and pounding surf that separated them from dry land.As it was, the men were forced to remain for thirty hours in the boat, rowing frantically against the tide and bailing constantly to keep the craft afloat in the treacherous water, before they were able to come ashore at Daytona Beach. We would expect that this story would be written as a heart-pounding adventure tale; yet it is very cerebral in its approach, focusing less on the adrenaline rush of danger than on the philosophical question of man"s relationship to the world of nature that so completely overwhelms him.As Crane shows in this story, the protagonist"s salvation is dependent upon whether or not he will adapt to his surroundings and help his fellow man, not whether or not he can conquer nature. As he demonstrates, this is a moot point, because it is impossible to conquer nature; it is too big, and too impersonal, and man is just a speck against its awesome power. The best one can do is learn nature"s ways and work with, not against, them.This sense of complete absorption in the struggle against nature is illustrated by the famous first line of the story: “None of them knew the color of the sky.” The reason for this is soon made obvious; the imperiled survivors could not take their eyes off the waves, for to let their guard down for a moment would mean certain death. Significantly, Crane does not deal with the question of heroism; the men in the boat do not feel heroic, nor do they ask us to think of them in those terms. They are simply doing what they need to in order to survive, and supporting one another in this effort.Interestingly, however, this does not make Crane"s story realistic; it actually creates a kind of hyper-realism, an excruciatingly vivid nightmare state, in which waves resemble horses “scrambl[ing] over walls of water,” “carpets on a line in a gale,” and “white flames,” to mention only a few of the dozens of metaphors. The homeliness of these images does not make the Crane"s rendering of the experience any less profound; they simply call attention to the inability of mere words to convey it.They also accentuate the gulf between an objective journalistic rendering of going down with a ship and the only way to convey the full horror of this experience. Crane borrows, in his fierce and startling imagery, something from Gothic romantics such as Poe; but in no other respect is this story romanticized. On the contrary, the threat of death is not in any way sensationalized, because it does not need to be; the usage of such extreme imagery makes it even more terrifyingly real.In addition to vivid language, Crane uses carefully-chosen anecdotes to make the situation seem harrowing. The extent to which these men are poised on the brink of life and death is illustrated by the seagull that lands on the captain"s head; as Crane says, “The captain naturally wished to knock it away with the end of the heavy painter, but he did not dare do it, because anything resembling an emphatic gesture would have capsized this freighted boat; and so, with his open hand, the captain gently and carefully waved the gull away.” To have remained in this state for thirty hours seems almost incomprehensible.Crane"s remarkable use of rhythm in this story reminds one of the motion of the sea; while each phrase has a distinct sense of rising and falling, each one is also a different length, just like the waves -- some of which are huge and rolling, while others are merely little swells. One can feel this in the lines “The craft pranced and reared, and plunged like an animal. As each wave came, and she rose for it, she seemed like a horse making at a fence outrageously high.” In his imagery, in his rhythm, Crane never allows us to forget the story"s setting, even for a second; the huge and harrowing presence of nature, poised to destroy the insignificance which is man, commands our attention at all times.But the most significant aspect of this struggle lies in the men"s attempts to help one another survive. Consider this passage where Crane describes the time “when we were swamped by the surf and making the best of our way toward the shore”. “But finally [the correspondent] arrived at a place in the sea where travel was beset with difficulty. He did not pause swimming to inquire what manner of current had caught him, but there his progress ceased. The shore was set before him like a bit of scenery on a stage, and he looked at it and understood with his eyes each detail of it. -- As the cook passed, much farther to the left, the captain was calling to him. ‘Turn over on your back, cook! Turn over on your back and use the oar." -- ‘All right, sir." The cook turned on his back, and paddling with an oar, went ahead as if he were a canoe.”There is no fighting the sea; it cannot be conquered; but one can learn to bob along on its surface, and aid to the best of one"s ability those fellow human beings who are also caught in the grip of nature"s immense indifference.

The elephant is the largest animal to walk on Earth. An elephant can carry a load of 1,200 poun...

小题1:70/seventy小题1:ears小题1:Indian小题1:weight小题1:hard/difficult 先阅读课文的内容,可知的答案,注意英语的表达。

Leslie Stephen是谁

莱斯利斯蒂芬出生于1832年成为一个著名的自由派家庭。 His mother"s family were associated with the Clapham Sect, and his paternal grandfather, James, was an anti-Slaver and associate of Wilberforce.他母亲的家族与克拉派的,和他的祖父,詹姆斯,是一个反奴隶贩子和威尔伯福斯准。 Stephen"s father, Sir James, was a noted statesman, historian and biographer, and his brother Sir James Fitzjames was a renowned judge, historian and essayist.斯蒂芬的父亲,爵士,是著名的政治家,历史学家和传记作家,和他的弟弟詹姆斯菲茨詹姆斯是著名的法官,历史学家和散文家。 In his own lifetime, Leslie Stephen was a very highly regarded man of letters, and deeply influential on the course of historical and literary studies; however, he is much better known today as the father of two women better known under their married names, Vanessa Bell and Virginia Woolf, and as the model for the character of Mr. Ramsay in the latter"s To The Lighthouse (1927).在他自己的一生中,莱斯利斯蒂芬是一个非常推崇的信件的人,和深刻的历史和文学的研究过程中有影响的,但是,他更为人所知作为两个女人在他们结婚的父亲的名字,更好地了解今天的凡妮莎贝尔和弗吉尼亚伍尔夫,并作为拉姆齐先生的性格,后者模型的灯塔 (1927)。 Initially, Stephen was set for a career in the Church of England, and after a lacklustre academic career (in part under FD Maurice at King"s College, London), he entered Trinity Hall, Cambridge in 1850, taking a fellowship in 1854.最初,是为斯蒂芬在英国教会的职业生涯,经过一个二流的学术生涯(部分在国王学院,伦敦在金融衍生工具莫里斯),他进入三一堂,于1850年剑桥,参加1854年的奖学金。 He was ordained in 1855, and became a tutor in the following year.他1855年被任命,成为翌年导师。 However, he was plagued by religious doubts, and in 1867 was forced to resign his fellowship, although he did not relinquish his orders until 1875.但是,他的宗教疑虑所困扰,并于1867年被迫辞去金,但他没有放弃,直到1875年他的命令。 Whilst at Cambridge, his intellectual abilities had flourished and, wedded to sound Liberal principles, he quickly became a leading activist and writer in Cambridge Liberal circles; he was one of the contributors to Essays on Reform (1867), a collection put together by a number of writers and thinkers who went on to brilliant careers in their chosen fields.在剑桥大学,他的智力和能力得以充分发展,拘泥于健全的自由原则之余,他迅速成为领先的活动家和作家在剑桥自由界,他是因素之一, 在改革 (1867年随笔 ),集合在一起提出一数作家和思想家谁继续在自己选择的领域的辉煌事业。 During the late-1850s, Stephen had become an enthusiastic Alpinist, taking up this new Victorian manly pursuit with all his customary energy.在晚19世纪50年代,斯蒂芬已经成为热心登山,占用了他所有的精力习惯这种新的维多利亚男子汉的追求。 His first ascents included that of Mont Blanc from St Gervais.他的第一次攀登包括,勃朗峰的圣热尔韦。 Of course, he turned to writing about his favourite pastime, publishing Peaks, Passes, and Glaciers in two volumes in 1862, which served greatly to further popularise mountaineering.当然,他转过身来对他最喜爱的消遣方式写作,出版峰,通行证,冰川在1862年两卷,这有助于进一步普及大大登山。 Between 1865 and 1868 he was President of the Alpine Club, and from 1868 to 1871 editor of its Alpine Journal . 1865年至1868年,他的登山俱乐部主席和1868年至1871年的阿尔卑斯杂志编辑。 A number of his contributions to that journal were later collected as The Playground of Europe (1871), a formative text for its genre; indeed, Stephen can fairly be characterised as the father of modern mountaineering literature.他的一个贡献,该杂志后来收集了一些诸如欧洲 (1871年) 游乐场 ,其类型为形成文字,事实上,斯蒂芬能够公平地被看作是现代文学之父登山特点。 He also led "The Tramps", a group of literary figures who enjoyed walking, and through it became close friends with George Meredith (who modelled his character Vernon Whitford in The Egoist on Stephen) and FW Maitland (who produced a Life and Letters of Leslie Stephen in 1906).他还领导"的流浪者的,是谁喜欢走路文学组数字,并通过成为密切的朋友乔治梅雷迪思(仿照谁在对他的性格斯蒂芬利己主义者弗农华福)和由麦特兰(谁制作了生活与文学的莱斯利斯蒂芬 )在1906年。

FlorenceStephens是哪里人

FlorenceStephensFlorenceStephens是一名演员,代表作品有《疯狂新娘》、《黑狱杀人王》等。外文名:FlorenceStephens职业:演员代表作品:《疯狂新娘》合作人物:诺曼·陶罗格

summertime的歌词?? stephen gordon唱的????谁给一份。。要中文翻译 感激不尽

唉 太难了 找了半天也找不到

求Steph Micayle —— Gangnam Style MP3格式qq:348512479@qq.com

Gangnam Style MP3格式已经发到邮箱

求Steph Micayle —— Gangnam Style邮箱408274848@qq.com

MP3音乐文件已经发送到邮箱

谁有Steph Micayle 唱的不一样的江南Style Gangnam Style 的吉他六线谱发到邮箱838135601@qq。com 谢谢

awd

Steph Micayle翻唱的gangnam style的mp3格式

已发送,请查收哦

StephanieSwinney是做什么的

StephanieSwinneyStephanieSwinney是一名演员,代表作有《TheHelix...Loaded》,曾与A.RavenCruz合作。外文名:StephanieSwinney职业:演员代表作品:《TheHelix...Loaded》合作人物:A.RavenCruz

日本混血美女Stephanie 个人资料

ステファニー(Stephanie)1987年8月5日生,美日混血儿,现为日本歌手。住在东京都。青山学院大学法学部在学中。身长165cm。上张单曲「君がいる限り」中的海豚音就给人留下很深的印象~~而且本身的高音表现是相当的出色。

LADY GAGA有一首歌叫《telephone》,这首歌出自哪张专辑?

- -这是支单独的单曲,没进专辑的。Cascada是专门唱电舞曲的,你去百度下她吧

StephenParker是做什么的

StephenParker外文名:StephenParker职业:演员代表作品:TeenageMonster、TheHouseWithoutaName合作人物:JacquesR.Marquette

英语童话故事:Shepherd Paul

A shepherd was taking his flock out to pasture, when he found a little baby lying in a meadow, left there by some wicked person, who thought it was too much trouble to look after it. The shepherd was fond of children, so he took the baby home with him and gave it plenty of milk, and by the time the boy was fourteen he could tear up oaks as if they were weeds. Then Paul, as the shepherd had called him, grew tired of living at home, and went out into the world to try his luck.   He walked on for many miles, seeing nothing that surprised him, but in an open space of the wood he was astonished at finding a man combing trees as another man would comb flax.   "Good morning, friend," said Paul; "upon my word, you must be a strong man!"   The man stopped his work and laughed. "I am Tree Comber," he answered proudly; "and the greatest wish of my life is to wrestle with Shepherd Paul."   "May all your wishes be fulfilled as easily, for I am Shepherd Paul, and can wrestle with you at once," replied the lad; and he seized Tree Comber and flung him with such force to the ground that he sank up to his knees in the earth. However, in a moment he was up again, and catching hold of Paul, threw him so that he sank up to his waist; but then it was Paul"s turn again, and this time the man was buried up to his neck. "That is enough," cried he; "I see you are a smart fellow, let us become friends."   "Very good," answered Paul, and they continued their journey together.   By-and-by they reached a man who was grinding stones to powder in his hands, as if they had been nuts.   "Good morning," said Paul politely; "upon my word, you must be a strong fellow!"   "I am Stone Crusher," answered the man, and the greatest wish of my life is to wrestle with Shepherd Paul."   "May all your wishes be as easily fulfilled, for I am Shepherd Paul, and will wrestle with you at once," and the sport began. After a short time the man declared himself beaten, and begged leave to go with them; so they all three travelled together.   A little further on they came upon a man who was kneading iron as if it had been dough. "Good morning," said Paul, "you must be a strong fellow."   "I am Iron Kneader, and should like to fight Shepherd Paul," answered he.   "Let us begin at once then," replied Paul; and on this occasion also, Paul got the better of his foe, and they all four continued their journey.   At midday they entered a forest, and Paul stopped suddenly. "We three will go and look for game," he said, "and you, Tree Comber, will stay behind and prepare a good supper for us." So Tree Comber set to work to boil and roast, and when dinner was nearly ready, a little dwarf with a pointed beard strolled up to the place. "What are you cooking?" asked he, "give me some of it."   "I"ll give you some on your back, if you like," answered Tree Comber rudely. The dwarf took no notice, but waited patiently till the dinner was cooked, then suddenly throwing Tree Comber on the ground, he ate up the contents of the saucepan and vanished. Tree Comber felt rather ashamed of himself, and set about boiling some more vegetables, but they were still very hard when the hunters returned, and though they complained of his bad cooking, he did not tell them about the dwarf.   Next day Stone Crusher was left behind, and after him Iron Kneader, and each time the dwarf appeared, and they fared no better than Tree Comber had done. The fourth day Paul said to them: "My friends, there must be some reason why your cooking has always been so bad, now you shall go and hunt and I will stay behind." So they went off, amusing themselves by thinking what was in store for Paul.   He set to work at once, and had just got all his vegetables simmering in the pot when the dwarf appeared as before, and asked to have some of the stew. "Be off," cried Paul, snatching up the saucepan as he spoke. The dwarf tried to get hold of his collar, but Paul seized him by the beard, and tied him to a big tree so that he could not stir, and went on quietly with his cooking. The hunters came back early, longing to see how Paul had got on, and, to their surprise, dinner was quite ready for them.   "You are great useless creatures," said he, "who couldn"t even outwit that little dwarf. When we have finished supper I will show you what I have done with him!" But when they reached the place where Paul had left the dwarf, neither he nor the tree was to be seen, for the little fellow had pulled it up by the roots and run away, dragging it after him. The four friends followed the track of the tree and found that it ended in a deep hole. "He must have gone down here," said Paul, "and I will go after him. See! there is a basket that will do for me to sit in, and a cord to lower me with. But when I pull the cord again, lose no time in drawing the basket up."   And he stepped into the basket, which was lowered by his friends.   At last it touched the ground and he jumped out and looked about him. He was in a beautiful valley, full of meadows and streams, with a splendid castle standing by. As the door was open he walked in, but a lovely maiden met him and implored him to go back, for the owner of the castle was a dragon with six heads, who had stolen her from her home and brought her down to this underground spot. But Paul refused to listen to all her entreaties, and declared that he was not afraid of the dragon, and did not care how many heads he had; and he sat down calmly to wait for him.   In a little while the dragon came in, and all the long teeth in his six heads chattered with anger at the sight of the stranger.   "I am Shepherd Paul," said the young man, "and I have come to fight you, and as I am in a hurry we had better begin at once."   "Very good," answered the dragon. "I am sure of my supper, but let us have a mouthful of something first, just to give us an appetite."   Whereupon he began to eat some huge boulders as if they had been cakes, and when he had quite finished, he offered Paul one. Paul was not fond of boulders, but he took a wooden knife and cut one in two, then he snatched up both halves in his hands and threw them with all his strength at the dragon, so that two out of the six heads were smashed in. At this the dragon, with a mighty roar, rushed upon Paul, but he sprang on one side, and with a swinging blow cut off two of the other heads. Then, seizing the monster by the neck, he dashed the remaining heads against the rock.   When the maiden heard that the dragon was dead, she thanked her deliverer with tears in her eyes, but told him that her two younger sisters were in the power of dragons still fiercer and more horrible than this one. He vowed that his sword should never rest in its sheath till they were set free, and bade the girl come with him, and show him the way.   The maiden gladly consented to go with him, but first she gave him a golden rod, and bade him strike the castle with it. He did so, and it instantly changed into a golden apple, which he put in his pocket. After that, they started on their search.   They had not gone far before they reached the castle where the second girl was confined by the power of the dragon with twelve heads, who had stolen her from her home. She was overjoyed at the sight of her sister and of Paul, and brought him a shirt belonging to the dragon, which made every one who wore it twice as strong as they were before. Scarcely had he put it on when the dragon came back, and the fight began. Long and hard was the struggle, but Paul"s sword and his shirt helped him, and the twelve heads lay dead upon the ground.   Then Paul changed the castle into an apple, which he put into his pocket, and set out with the two girls in search of the third castle.   It was not long before they found it, and within the walls was the third sister, who was younger and prettier than either of the other two. Her husband had eighteen heads, but when he quitted the lower regions for the surface of the earth, he left them all at home except one, which he changed for the head of a little dwarf, with a pointed beard.   The moment that Paul knew that this terrible dragon was no other than the dwarf whom he had tied to the tree, he longed more than ever to fly at his throat. But the thought of the eighteen heads warned him to be careful, and the third sister brought him a silk shirt which would make him ten times stronger than he was before.   He had scarcely put it on, when the whole castle began to shake violently, and the dragon flew up the steps into the hall.   "Well, my friend, so we meet once more! Have you forgotten me? I am Shepherd Paul, and I have come to wrestle with you, and to free your wife from your clutches."   "Ah, I am glad to see you again," said the dragon. "Those were my two brothers whom you killed, and now your blood shall pay for them." And he went into his room to look for his shirt and to drink some magic wine, but the shirt was on Paul"s back, and as for the wine, the girl had given a cupful to Paul and then had allowed the rest to run out of the cask.   At this the dragon grew rather frightened, but in a moment had recollected his eighteen heads, and was bold again.   "Come on," he cried, rearing himself up and preparing to dart all his heads at once at Paul. But Paul jumped underneath, and gave an upward cut so that six of the heads went rolling down. They were the best heads too, and very soon the other twelve lay beside them. Then Paul changed the castle into an apple, and put it in his pocket. Afterwards he and the three girls set off for the opening which led upwards to the earth.   The basket was still there, dangling from the rope, but it was only big enough to hold the three girls, so Paul sent them up, and told them to be sure and let down the basket for him. Unluckily, at the sight of the maidens" beauty, so far beyond anything they had ever seen, the friends forgot all about Paul, and carried the girls straight away into a far country, so that they were not much better off than before. Meanwhile Paul, mad with rage at the ingratitude of the three sisters, vowed he would be revenged upon them, and set about finding some way of getting back to earth. But it was not very easy, and for months, and months, and months, he wandered about underground, and, at the end, seemed no nearer to fulfilling his purpose than he was at the beginning.   At length, one day, he happened to pass the nest of a huge griffin, who had left her young ones all alone. Just as Paul came along a cloud containing fire instead of rain burst overhead, and all the little griffins would certainly have been killed had not Paul spread his cloak over the nest and saved them. When their father returned the young ones told him what Paul had done, and he lost no time in flying after Paul, and asking how he could reward him for his goodness.   "By carrying me up to the earth," answered Paul; and the griffin agreed, but first went to get some food to eat on the way, as it was a long journey.   "Now get on my back," he said to Paul, "and when I turn my head to the right, cut a slice off the bullock that hangs on that side, and put it in my mouth, and when I turn my head to the left, draw a cupful of wine from the cask that hangs on that side, and pour it down my throat."   For three days and three nights Paul and the griffin flew upwards, and on the fourth morning it touched the ground just outside the city where Paul"s friends had gone to live. Then Paul thanked him and bade him farewell, and he returned home again.   At first Paul was too tired to do anything but sleep, but as soon as he was rested he started off in search of the three faithless ones, who almost died from fright at the sight of him, for they had thought he would never come back to reproach them for their wickedness.   "You know what to expect," Paul said to them quietly. "You shall never see me again. Off with you!" He next took the three apples out of his pocket and placed them all in the prettiest places he could find; after which he tapped them with his golden rod, and they became castles again. He gave two of the castles to the eldest sisters, and kept the other for himself and the youngest, whom he married, and there they are living still.

telephone和phone的区别

在英语中翻译电话时,常常会把telephone和phone混用,因为两者都是电话的意思,那么telephone和phone的区别有哪些呢?telephonen.电话,电话机,电话机上的话筒,受话器;vt.&vi.以电话传送消息,给某人打电话;用电话与某人交谈;phonen.电话,听筒,发声或使用声音的工具,说某种语言的;vt.&vi.打电话给某人;phone是听筒的意思,是指用电话听筒代表电话。telephone有希腊语词头tele,远程的意思。可以远程传话的听筒就是电话。由于在所有听筒中电话使用率远远高于其他听筒,所以在没有歧义的情况下可以用phone代指telephone,当然phone还可以代指mobilephone手机。telephone和phone的区别:主要体现在意思上面,telephone指的是电话机上的话筒,而phone指的是听筒;另外telephone指的是给某人打电话,phone指的是打电话给某人。

phone和telephone的区别

phone是喇叭的意思,是指用电话听筒代表电话。telephone有希腊语词头tele,远程的意思。可以远程传话的话筒就是电话。由于在所有话筒中电话使用率远远高于其他话筒,所以在没有歧义的情况下可以用phone代指telephone,当然phone还可以代指mobilephone(手机)。

phone 和 telephone 意思一样吧?

对呀,他们都还有动词的意思。别忘了!

it is an brown elephant是a还是an

it is an brown elephant是错的该用it is a brown elephantbrown不是元音读音开头的 所以用a

can you make a telephone call

1.A2.D3.A4.B5.A

can you make a telephone call阅读文

D;D;A;A;C

Josephine Baker是什么意思

约瑟芬贝克,人名?

GAGA夫人的Alejandro、telephone及Shakira的She Wolf的MV分别想表达什么?

你去看优酷上,每个视频下面都会有高人给你解释的

I love the way you lie 的歌词 stephenie Gee 唱的

和Rihanna 唱的吧!!
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