做肿瘤的一定都知道Robert A. Weinberg，他在2000年发表在Cell上的《The hallmarks of cancer》现在的引用次数已经超过10000次，几乎做肿瘤的每一个人都会看这么一篇经典文章。在2011年3月4日，他又在Cell上继续发表了题为《Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation》的文章，将肿瘤的六种武器扩充到十种武器。我觉得这又堪称是肿瘤学研究中经典与必读文章了。SummaryThe hallmarks of cancer comprise six biological capabilities acquired during the multistep development of human tumors. The hallmarks constitute an organizing principle for rationalizing the complexities of neoplastic disease. They include sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis. Underlying these hallmarks are genome instability, which generates the genetic diversity that expedites their acquisition, and inflammation, which fosters multiple hallmark functions. Conceptual progress in the last decade has added two emerging hallmarks of potential generality to this list—reprogramming of energy metabolism and evading immune destruction. In addition to cancer cells, tumors exhibit another dimension of complexity: they contain a repertoire of recruited, ostensibly normal cells that contribute to the acquisition of hallmark traits by creating the “tumor microenvironment.” Recognition of the widespread applicability of these concepts will increasingly affect the development of new means to treat human cancer.只能说这么多了、具体我也不太了解、并且对你的问题也没太搞清楚、希望可以帮到你！
