示儿中死去元知万事空,但悲不见九州同体现陆游的什么精神

这首诗是陆游的绝笔.他在弥留之际,还是念念不忘被女真贵族霸占着的中原领土和人民,热切地盼望着祖国的重新统一,因此他特地写这首诗作为遗嘱,谆谆告诫自己的儿子.从这里我们可以领会到诗人的爱国激情是何等的执着、深沉、热烈、真挚!无怪乎自南宋以来,凡是读过这首诗的人无不为之感动,特别是当外敌入侵或祖国分裂的情况下,更引起了无数人的共鸣.
陆游是南宋爱国诗人,毕生从事抗金和收复失地的正义事业.虽然屡遭投降派排挤、打击,但爱国热情始终没有消减.《示儿》诗是诗人临终写给儿子的遗嘱,表达了诗人至死念念不忘“北定中原”、统一祖国的深挚强烈的爱国激情.
盼望祖国的统一,早日停止战争.
“家祭无忘告乃翁”反映的杜甫去世的时候最牵挂的就是国家的统一和和平,早日停战《示儿》表达了诗人恢复中原、统一国家至死不变的爱国愿望.

王师北定中原日,家祭无忘告乃翁

全诗以“ 家祭无忘告乃翁 ”来表现自己强烈的爱国情感
诗的前两句写出了诗人坚信总有一天宋朝的军队必定能平定中原,收复失地
后两句写对儿子的遗嘱,家祭时千万别忘记把“北定中原”的喜讯告诉他
表现了诗人对祖国统一的无限希望和坚定信念

孔君平在姓上做文章，孩子也在姓上做文章，由孔君平的“孔”姓想到了孔雀；最妙的是，他没有生硬地直接说“孔雀是夫子家禽”，而是采用了否定的方式，说“未闻孔雀是夫子家禽”，婉转对答，既表现了应有的礼貌，又表达了“既然孔雀不是您家的鸟，杨梅岂是我家的果”这个意思，使孔君平无言以对。因为他要承认孔雀是他家的鸟，他说的话才立得住脚。这足以反映出孩子思维的敏捷，语言的机智幽默。

From Wikipedia:
Career
[edit] Early career
Lu You came from a family in which there were some government officials. At that time the southern Song dynasty was frequently invaded by the Jin Dynasty (金国). When he was one, Kaifeng (开封), the capital of Northern Song dynasty had been captured by the troops of Jin Dynasty. Lu You, who was still an infant, fled with his family and spent his first nine years as a refugee. Because of the family influence and social turbulence in childhood, Lu You was committed to saving the nation by ousting the Jurchens (女真人).
[edit] Marriage
Lu You's family gave him a good education, especially the education on patriotism, but his family --particularly his mother-- also brought misfortune to his marriage. He grew up with his cousin Tang Wan, who was quiet but good at literature. They fell deeply in love and got married when he was 20. But they didn't have any child, and his mother didn't like Tang Wan. Though they had lived happily together, his mother forced them to divorce in order to make him concentrate on studying and fulfilling his aspiration of saving the Song dynasty. In traditional Chinese culture, good children should be respectful and obedient to their parents. Lu You loved his mother and reluctantly divorced Tang Wan. Then, she married a nobleman Zhao Shi Cheng, and he married Ms. Wang (her first name eludes most researchers).
Lu You was very sad after his first marriage. One spring, at age 31, eight years after their divorce, he passed by Sheng's Garden and encountered Tang Wan and her husband by chance. Tang Wan asked her husband to let her send a glass of wine to Lu You. When her hands passed the wine to him, he saw her eyes brimmed with tears... His heart was broken, and he took the glass of bitter wine bottom up. He turned back and wrote down the poem “Phoenix Pin” on the wall of Sheng’s Garden within one breath. After this meeting with Tang Wan, he went up to the North against the Jin Dynasty and then turned down to the South Shu (today’s Sichuan in China) to pursue his dream of unifying China as a whole nation.
Meanwhile, after Tang Wan read his poem, she immediately wrote one in the same form in response. In less than a year, she died. One year before Lu You’s death, at age 85, he still wrote another romantic loving poem “Sheng’s Garden” to commemorate his first love.
[edit] Official career
He passed the civil service examination in 1153, but was unsuccessful in his official career: he adopted a patriotic irredentist stance, advocating the expulsion of the Jurchen (女真) from northern China, but this position was out of tune with the times. After a long career as an official, including periods exiled to minor positions in the provinces, he retired to his native town of Shaoxing (绍兴) in frustration. He spent the last twenty years rusticated there. His wife died in 1197.
[edit] Style
Lu You wrote over ten thousand poems, in both the shi (诗) and ci (词) forms, plus a number of prose works. In his poetry he continues to articulate the beliefs which cost him his official career, calling for reconquest of the north. Watson identifies these works as part of the legacy of Du Fu (杜甫). Watson compares a second body of work, poems on country life and growing old, to those of Bai Juyi (白居易) and Tao Qian (陶潜). Lu You had written a lot of poems in his whole life, more than 10000, still having 9300 after erasing some of them himself. His style can be divided into three periods.
[edit] First Period
The first Period of Lu You’s works is from his teenage years to age 46. This period lasts the longest, but keeps the least of his works, about two hundred poems, because he eliminated his early works through selection.
[edit] Second Period
Second Period runs from age 46 to 54, leaving approximately more than 2400 works of the shi and ci. During this period, he joined the military and was affected by that experience. Therefore the main style of this period's works becomes liberal, forthright, and splendid; his patriotic spirit heightens into another level. The maturity and richness presented in this period’s works establishes the sublime position among Chinese Literature ancestors.
[edit] Third Period
The third Period starts from moving back to his hometown until death. Because he didn't have enough time to eliminate his works through selection, abounding works, six thousand five hundred, live from this period. During this period, because he was old, lived with farmers, and had gone through ups and downs in the military and governmental office, his work in this period represents peaceful pastoral images, as well as the desolation and bleakness of human life.
Though his style changes through periods, his works are fully packed with furiously enthusiastic patriotism. This is the most important nature of his works, and the greatest reason they have been eulogized for almost a thousand years.
[edit] Bibliography
Lu You was born on a boat floating in the Wei Water River in an early rainy morning of October 17th, 1125 (Chinese calendar). That was the time the Song dynasty was frequently invaded by the Jin Dynasty. One year after his birth, the troops of the Jin Dynasty conquered the capital of Northern Song dynasty; his family fled from home while he was still an infant. Under such an influence, he determined to expel the Jurchen (女真) from the North and bring a United Song dynasty back even when he was very little.
At age 12, Lu You was already excellent in writing, mastered the skill of sword fighting, and delved deeply into war strategy. At age 19, he took the civil service examination, but didn't pass. Ten years later, he took it again; this time he not only passed it, he was the first winner in the region Lin Ann. But this triumph did not bring him any luck; oppositely, it brought big trouble to him. Qin Sun, who was the grand son of Qin Hiu (a notorious traitor to China and tremendous powerful aristocrat in the Song Dynasty), also took this exam, and Lu You's winning threatened Qin Sun's position, because Lu You was likely to be the first winner in the next year's national examination. In fact, not only Lu You, but all the potential winners of the next year's nation-wide competition got excluded, even some of the examination officers.
After Qin Hiu's death, he started his official career in government. Because he avidly proposed fighting against the Jin Dynasty and didn’t follow the mainstream, he was dismissed from his job. In 1172, he was hired to create strategic planning in the military. Military life opened his eyes and mind widely; he found his hope to fulfill his aspiration -- bringing broken China back to a whole nation. He wrote out plenty of unrestrained, untrammeled poems to express his passionate patriotism. But the Song Dynasty was so corrupt at that time; most officers just wanted to make a nice living; he couldn’t get the opportunity to deploy his talent.
In 1175, Fan Dia Cheng asked him to join his party. They had used to share similar interests via writing, and now behaved casual in the governmental society. Plus, because Lu You always felt there was no place for him to use his talent and ambitions to save the Song Dynasty, he started to become self-indulgent, enjoying drinking to forget his lack of success in personal life and career pursuit. He gave himself a nickname "Freed guy"(放翁), and was sarcastic to himself in his poems.
After several promotions and demotions in his governmental career, in 1190, he retired and lived in seclusion at his hometown Shaoxing (绍兴), a rural area. He started to enjoy keeping in good health and like eating pearl barley and wooden ears. This habit kept his vision and hearing keen until death. Though during this period, he still ardently proposed fighting against the Jin Dynasty, but always got disputes and rejections. Finally on December 29, 1209(Chinese calendar), he died with the biggest regret – the Northern China was still in the control of the Jurchen (女真) – at age 86.
Books
《剑南诗稿》
《渭南文集》
《放翁逸稿》
《南唐书》
《老学庵笔记》
《放翁家训》
《家世旧文》
[edit] Poems
Wikisource has original works written by or about:
Lu YouTo Son (示儿)
Lu You wrote many poems. One of his most famous is "To Son" (). This is how it goes:
死去原知万事空,
但悲不见九州同.
王师北定中原日,
家祭无忘告乃翁.
All turns to dust in my dying eyes,
only hatred is that a unified land is not seen.
When the day of the emperor's troops sweeping the North comes,
you must not forget to tell me before my tombstone.
This poem was composed by him when he was about to die.
What this poem means is that he doesn't mind not being able to take anything with him when he dies (死去原知万事空), but he is upset to see that China is not united as a nation (但悲不见九州同). He is telling his son that if this day ever comes (王师北定中原日), his family must not forget to go to his grave and tell him there (家祭无忘告乃翁.).
Rainstorm on Nov. 4 (十一月四日风雨大作)
僵卧孤村不自哀,尚思为国戍轮台. 夜阑卧听风吹雨,铁马冰河入梦来.
I slept stiff and alone in a lonely village without feeling self-pity. I am still thinking of fighting for my country. Deep into the night I lie down and hear the wind blowing the rain. The armored horses and the ice river came into my dream.
This poem was written when Lu was retired and old, but it shines with his patriotism and vivid depiction of the fighting scenes in the North.
Phoenix Pin (钗头凤)
红酥手,黄藤酒,满城春色宫墙柳.
东风恶,欢情薄,一怀愁绪,几年离索.错、错、错!
春如旧,人空瘦,泪痕红邑鲛绡透.
桃花落,闲池阁.山盟虽在,锦书难托.莫、莫、莫!
Lily hands, rippling wine,
The town is filled with Spring like willows waving by.
Biting east wind, happiness thin,
a chest full of sorrow, years of separation.
Wrong, Wrong, Wrong!
Spring is like before; the girl is pale and thin in vain.
Through the sheer silks, it’s the tearful eyes brimming.
Peach blossoms falling, glimmering pound freezing,
Paramount promise is still, glorious book hard to sustain.
Moan, moan, moan!
This poem is the tear of his real love story (see his marriage). In this poem, "Biting east wind" is a metaphor for traditional Chinese view about women. This view breaks his first marriage. "Glorious book" is another metaphor for his ambition of unifying China. But he doesn't seem to be successful in either of them (marriage and career). He also uses antithesis, which is very popular in Chinese poetry. It matches both sound and sense in two poetic lines, like "a chest of sorrow" pairing "years of separation" and "paramount promise" pairing "glorious book". The sounds are perfectly matching each other in Chinese. This poem falls in the first period of his works.
Mei Flower (卜运算元-咏梅)
驿外断桥边
寂寞开无主
己是黄昏独自愁
更著风和雨
无意苦争春
一任羣芳妒
零落成泥碾作尘
只有香如故
Near the broken bridge outside the fortress, I am lonely and dis-oriented. It is dusk and I am worried alone, especially when the wind and rain start to blow. I do not intend to contest for the glory of Spring. I would rather be alone and envied by other excellent people. I would fall to become earth and be pressed to dust. My glory will be same as before

死去元知万事空,但悲不见九州同

剑门关外忽然听说官军收复蓟北,
乍听到止不住的泪水洒满了衣裳.
回头看妻儿的愁容不知去了何方,
胡乱收拾着诗书不由得欣喜若狂.
白日里引吭高歌呵且须纵情饮酒,
春光正好伴我返回那久别的故乡.
立即动身穿过了巴峡再穿过巫峡,
然后经过襄阳再转向那旧都洛阳.

即：马上
便下：然后
其诗多涉笔社会动荡、政治黑暗、人民疾苦,被誉为「诗史」.
其人忧国忧民,人格高尚,诗艺精湛,被奉为「诗圣」.
反正我是这么做的

孔君平在姓上做文章,孩子也在姓上做文章,由孔君平的“孔”姓想到了孔雀；最妙的是,他没有生硬地直接说“孔雀是夫子家禽”,而是采用了否定的方式,说“未闻孔雀是夫子家禽”,婉转对答,既表现了应有的礼貌,又表达了“既然孔雀不是您家的鸟,杨梅岂是我家的果”这个意思,使孔君平无言以对.因为他要承认孔雀是他家的鸟,他说的话才立得住脚.这足以反映出孩子思维的敏捷,语言的机智幽默.

我本来知道,当我死后,人间的一切就都和我无关了.
只是唯一使我痛心的,就是我没能亲眼看到祖国的统一.
当大宋军队收复了中原失地的那一天到来之时,
你们举行家祭的时候,千万别忘把这好消息告诉你们的父亲.
元：此字为通假字,通“原”,意为“原来”.
但：于“原”相同,只是.
同：统一.
无：通假字,通“勿”,意为“不要”.
乃：你 ,你的.

初闻,刚刚听到、听说、得知的时候.

　　示儿
　　宋-陆游
　　死去元知万事空,
　　但悲不见九州同.
　　王师北定中原日,
　　家祭无忘告乃翁.
　　[注释]
　　1. 示儿：给儿子们看.
　　2. 但：只.
　　3. 九州同：祖国统一.
　　4. 中原：指淮河以北沦陷在金人手里的地区.
　　5. 家祭：对祖先的祭祀.
　　6. 乃翁：你的父亲.
　　[简析]
　　陆游是南宋爱国诗人,毕生从事抗金和收复失地的正义事业.虽然屡遭投降派排挤、打击,但爱国热情始终没有消减.《示儿》诗是诗人临终写给儿子的遗嘱,表达了诗人至死念念不忘“北定中原”、统一祖国的深挚强烈的爱国激情.
　　首句“死去元知万事空”.“元知”,本来就知道；“万事空”,是说人死后万事万物都可无牵无挂了.但接着第二句意思一转：“但悲不见九州同”,唯独一件事却放不下,那就是沦丧的国土尚未收复,没有亲眼看见祖国的统一.这种遗恨从生前留到死后.在生命弥留之际,心情更为沉痛.诗的第三句“王师北定中原日”,表明诗人虽然沉痛,但并未绝望.他坚信总有一天宋朝的军队必定能平定中原,光复失地.有了这一句,诗的情调便由悲痛转化为激昂.结句“家祭无忘告乃翁”,情绪又一转,无奈自己活着的时候已看不到祖国统一的那一天,只好把希望寄托于后代子孙.于是深情地嘱咐儿子,在家祭时千万别忘记把“北定中原”的喜讯告诉他.
　　这首诗用笔曲折,情真意切地表达了诗人临终时复杂的思想情绪,既有对抗金大业未就的无穷遗恨,也有对神圣事业必成的坚定信念.全诗有悲的成分,但基调是激昂的.诗的语言浑然天成,没有丝毫雕琢,全是真情的自然流露,但比着意雕琢的诗更美,更感人.

陆游的示儿,作者无法在有生之年看到大宋收复山河.

1、逻辑不符，改正：秋天是稻子收割的季节。
2、搭配不当，改正：大家要增强环境保护的意识。
3、错用标点，改正：《示儿》和《春夜喜雨》都是小学生必背的古诗。
4、结构不当，改正：学生们纷纷报名参加学校举办的春季运动会。
5、句子杂糅，改正：教师节到了，我们积极响应学校“为老师献上一杯茶”的号召。
6、雪花如同成片的天鹅飘下来。
7、香港特别行政区区旗示是红旗。

热爱祖国,南宋,文天祥,过零丁洋.不过这种诗很多的,如果是要求写你们新学的,就无能为力了,望采纳

原诗：
示儿
死去元知万事空,但悲不见九州同.
王师北定中原日,家祭无忘告乃翁!
译文：
我本来知道,当我死后,人间的一切就都和我无关了；但唯一使我痛心的,就是我没能亲眼看到祖国的统一.因此,当大宋军队收复了中原失地的那一天到来之时,你们举行家祭,千万别忘把这好消息告诉你们的老子!
赏析：
这首诗是陆游的绝笔.他在弥留之际,还是念念不忘被女真贵族霸占着的中原领土和人民,热切地盼望着祖国的重新统一,因此他特地写这首诗作为遗嘱,谆谆告诫自己的儿子.从这里我们可以领会到诗人的爱国激情是何等的执着、深沉、热烈、真挚!无怪乎自南宋以来,凡是读过这首诗的人无不为之感动,特别是当外敌入侵或祖国分裂的情况下,更引起了无数人的共鸣

1、古代【示儿】的作者是南宋著名爱国诗人陆游.
2、古代【示儿】是南宋著名爱国诗人陆游写的.

自己的事情自己做

梁国有一个姓扬家的孩子,才九岁就非常聪明.孔均平找他爸爸,爸爸不在家,孩子出来,招呼客人拿出水果,其中有杨梅,孔先生指着杨梅暗示他说,这是你的水果,意思是杨梅和他是同一个姓,孩子回答到,没听说孔雀是先生您家的家禽啊!
荀巨伯远道去探望生病的朋友,正好遇上胡兵进攻郡城.朋友对荀巨伯说：“我现在就要死了!您还是离开吧.”荀巨伯说：“我远道来看你,你却让我离开,让我舍弃正义来保全性命,这哪里是我荀巨伯做的事!”
胡兵进城后,对荀巨伯说：“我们的大军一到,整个郡城的人跑光了,你是什么人,竟敢独自一人留下来?”荀巨伯说：“朋友油病,不忍心抛弃他,我宁愿油自己的身家性命来代替朋友的性命.”
胡兵相互议论说：“我们这些不懂道义的人,却侵犯了重道义的郡城!”于是撤回大军,整个郡城得以保全

《秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感》与《示儿》表达了陆游对受金人压迫的百姓的同情,对南宋昏庸的军队的不满 ,体现了他深厚真挚的爱国情怀.

《闻官军收河南河北》：即从巴峡穿巫峡,便下襄阳向洛阳.对仗工整流畅,浑然天成,表达精神愉快和归心似箭的心情.
《示儿》：王师北定中原日,家祭无忘告乃翁.表达愿望生前无法满足的深沉,无奈,令人悲叹.

梁国杨氏的儿子今年九岁,很聪明.孔平有事情告诉他父亲,他父亲不在,就把他叫了出来.给他拿了一些水果,水果中有杨梅.孔平指着杨梅对杨氏的儿子说:这是你家的水果.杨氏的儿子听完后回答:没有听说孔雀是您家的家禽啊

/=停顿的地方
梁国 / 杨氏子/九岁,甚 / 聪惠.孔君平 / 诣 / 其父,父不在,乃 / 呼儿出.为 / 设果,果 / 有杨梅.孔 / 指以示儿 / 曰：“此 / 是君家果.”儿 / 应声答曰：“未闻 / 孔雀 / 是夫子家 / 禽.”

《示儿》和《春夜喜雨》都是小学生必背的古诗。

1．A
2．B
3．B
4．B
5．A
6．C

王师北定中原日, 家祭无忘告乃翁.
当大宋军队收复了中原失地的那一天到来之时,你们举行家祭,千万别忘把这好消息告诉你们的老子!
中心：表达了诗人临终时复杂的思想情绪,既有对抗金大业未就的无穷遗恨,也有对神圣事业必成的坚定信念.

你能先翻一遍吗 保证你翻完之后就给你写

　　六月二十七日①望湖楼②醉书③
　　其一：黑云翻墨④未遮山,白雨⑤跳珠⑥乱入船.卷地风⑦来忽吹散,望湖楼下水如天.
　　其二：放生鱼鳖逐人来,无主荷花到处开.水枕能令山俯仰,风船解与月徘徊.
　　其三：乌菱白芡不论钱,乱系青菰裹绿盘.忽忆尝新会灵观,滞留江海得加餐.
　　其四：献花游女木兰桡,细雨斜风湿翠翘.无限芳洲生杜若,吴儿不识楚辞招.
　　其五：未成小隐聊中隐,可得长闲胜暂闲.我本无家更安往,故乡无此好湖山
　　[编辑本段]诗词译文：
　　第一首：
　　乌云翻滚像泼洒的墨汁尚未遮住山,就下起了倾盆大雨,一颗颗雨点就像跳动的珍珠一样,杂乱地落入船中.从地面上忽然刮起一阵大风,把乌云吹散.望湖楼下,水面平静得像青天一样,水像蓝天一样开阔明净.
　　第二首：
　　放生的鱼鳖跟随人来,池塘里荷花到处开放.从水中看山如倒过来,开船随风在月下徘徊.
　　饮湖上①初晴后雨二首
　　西湖美景（宋）苏轼
　　（一）
　　朝曦迎客艳重冈,晚雨留人入醉乡.
　　此意自佳君不会,一杯当属水仙王.
　　（二）
　　水光潋滟②晴方好③,山色空蒙④雨亦⑤奇⑥.
　　欲⑦把西湖比西子⑧,淡妆浓抹总相宜⑨.
　　晴天的西湖,水上波光荡漾,闪烁耀眼,正好展示着那美丽的风貌；雨天的西湖,山中云雾朦胧,缥缥渺渺,又显出别一番奇妙景致.我想,最好把西湖比作西子,空蒙山色是她淡雅的妆饰,潋滟水光是她浓艳的粉脂,不管她怎样打扮,总能很好地烘托出天生丽质和迷人的神韵.
　　《惠崇》
　　[宋] 苏 轼
　　竹外桃花三两枝,春江水暖鸭先知.
　　蒌蒿满地芦芽短,正是河豚欲上时.
　　译文
　　竹林外两三枝桃花初放,鸭子在水中游戏,它们最先察觉了初春江水的回暖.河滩上已经长满了蒌蒿,芦笋也开始抽芽了,而这恰是河豚从大海回归,将要上市的初春时节.
　　题西林壁李炯峰先生书写的《题西林壁》
　　【宋】苏轼
　　横看成岭侧成峰,远近高低各不同.
　　不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中.
　　从正面看庐山山岭连绵起伏,从其他面看庐山山峰耸立,从远处、近处、高处、低处看庐山,庐山呈现各种不同的样子.认不清庐山本来的面目,因为自己在庐山中.
　　夏日绝句[1]
　　〔宋〕李清照
　　生当作人杰,
　　死亦为鬼雄.
　　至今思项羽,
　　不肯过江东.
　　人活在这世界上,就要做一个人上之人,就要有杰出的贡献!即使是已经死了,也要成为魔鬼中的霸者,领导群魔!我（指李清照）直到今天还在想念当初楚汉争雄时的项羽,因为兵败,宁愿死去也无颜面对自己的江东父老!这是何等的气概啊!
　　示儿
　　（宋）陆游
　　死去元知万事空,
　　但悲不见九州同.
　　王师北定中原日,
　　家祭无忘告乃翁.
　　"我"本来就知道人一死世间一切就与我无关了,死去时唯一的遗憾就是没能看到祖国统一.待到南宋军队收复北方中原的那一天,在家里祭祀祖先的时候,千万不要忘记把这件事情告诉你们的父亲.
　　秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感
　　陆游
　　三万里河东入海,
　　五千仞岳上摩天.
　　遗民泪尽胡尘里,
　　南望王师又一年.
　　南宋时期,金占领了中原地区.爱国诗人陆游在山阴（今属浙江）乡下向往着中原地区的大好河山,也惦念着中原地区的人民,盼望宋朝能够尽快收复中原,恢复统一.
　　春日田园杂兴十二首
　　柳花深巷午鸡声,桑叶尖新绿未成.坐睡觉来无一事,满窗晴日看蚕生.
　　土膏欲动雨频催,万草千花一饷开；舍后荒畦犹绿秀,邻家鞭过过墙来.
　　高田二麦接山青,傍水低田绿未耕；桃奇满村春似锦,踏歌椎鼓过清明.
　　老盆初熟杜茅柴,携向田头祭社来.巫媪莫嫌滋味薄,旗亭官酒更多灰.
　　社下烧钱鼓似雷,日斜扶得醉翁回.青枝满地花狼藉,知是儿孙斗草来.
　　骑吹东来里巷喧,行春车马闹如烟.系牛莫系门前路,移系门西系碡边.
　　寒食花枝插满头,蒨裙青袂几扁舟.一年一度游山寺,不上灵岩即虎丘.
　　郭里人家拜扫回,新开醪酒荐青梅.日长路好城门近,借我茅亭暖一杯.
　　步屧寻春有好怀,雨余蹄道水如杯.随人黄犬搀前去,走到溪边忽自回.
　　种园得果廑赏劳,不奈儿童鸟雀搔.已插棘针樊笋径,更铺渔纲盖樱桃.
　　吉日初开种稻包,南山雷动雨连宵.今年不欠秧田水,新涨看看拍小桥.
　　桑下春蔬绿满畦,菘心青嫩芥苔肥.溪头洗择店头卖,日暮裹盐沽酒归.
　　晚春田园杂兴十二首
　　紫青莼菜卷荷香,玉雪芹芽拔薤长.自撷溪毛充晚供,短篷风雨宿横塘.
　　湖莲旧荡藕新翻,小小荷钱没涨痕.斟酌梅天风浪紧,更从外水种芦根.
　　胡蝶双双入菜花,日长无客到田家.鸡飞过篱犬吠窦,知有行商来买茶.
　　湔裙水满绿苹洲,上巳微寒懒出游.薄暮蛙声连晓闹,今年田稻十分秋.
　　新绿园林晓气凉,晨炊蚤出看移秧.百花飘尽桑麻小,来路风来阿魏香.
　　三旬蚕忌闭门中,邻曲都无步往踪.犹是晓晴风露下,采桑时节暂相逢.
　　污莱一棱水周围,岁岁蜗庐没半扉.不看茭青难护岸,小舟撑取葑田归.
　　茅针香软渐包茸,蓬櫑甘酸半染红.采采归来儿女笑,杖头高挂小筠笼.
　　海雨江风浪作堆,时新鱼菜逐春回.荻芽抽笋河魨上,楝子开花石首来.
　　谷雨如丝复似尘,煮瓶浮蜡正尝新.牡丹破萼樱桃熟,未许飞花减却春.
　　雨后山家起较迟,天窗晓色半熹微.老翁欹枕听莺啭,童子开门放燕飞.
　　乌鸟投林过客稀,前山烟暝到柴扉.小童一棹舟如叶,独自编阑鸭阵归.
　　夏日田园杂兴十二首
　　梅子金黄杏子肥,麦花雪白菜花稀.日长篱落无人过,惟有蜻蜒蛱蝶飞.
　　五月江吴麦秀寒,移秧披絮尚衣单.稻根科斗行如块,田水今年一尺宽.
　　二麦俱秋斗百钱,田家唤作小丰年.饼炉饭甑无饥色,接到西风熟稻天.
　　百沸缲汤雪涌波,缲车嘈囋雨鸣蓑.桑姑盆手交相贺,绵茧无多丝茧多.
　　小妇连宵上绢机,大耆催税急於飞.今年幸甚蚕桑熟,留得黄丝织夏衣.
　　下田戽水出江流,高垄翻江逆上沟；地势不齐人力尽,丁男长在踏车头.
　　昼出耘田夜绩麻,村庄儿女各当家.童孙未解供耕织,也傍桑阴学种瓜.
　　槐叶初匀日气凉,葱葱鼠耳翠成双.三公只得三株看,闲客清阴满北窗.
　　黄尘行客汗如浆,少住侬家漱井香；借与门前磐石坐,柳阴亭午正风凉.
　　千顷芙蕖放棹嬉,花深迷路晚忘归.家人暗识船行处,时有惊忙小鸭飞.
　　采菱辛苦废犁鉏,血指流丹鬼质枯.无力买田聊种水,近来湖面亦收租.
　　蜩螗千万沸斜阳,蛙黾无边聒夜长.不把痴聋相对治,梦魂争得到藜床?
　　秋日田园杂兴十二首
　　杞菊垂珠滴露红,两蛩相应语莎丛.虫丝罥尽黄葵叶,寂历高花侧晚风.
　　朱门巧夕沸欢声,田舍黄昏静掩扃.男解牵牛女能织,不须徼福渡河星.
　　橘蠹如蚕入化机,枝间垂茧似蓑衣；忽然蜕作多花蝶,翅粉才乾便学飞.
　　静看檐蛛结网低,无端妨碍小虫飞.蜻蜒倒挂蜂儿窘,催唤山童为解围.
　　垂成穑事苦艰难,忌雨嫌风更怯寒.牋诉天公休掠剩,半赏私债半输官.
　　秋来只怕雨垂垂,甲子无云万事宜.获稻毕工随晒谷,直须晴到入仓时.
　　中秋全景属潜夫,棹入空明看太湖.身外水天银一色,城中有此月明无.
　　新筑场泥镜面平,家家打稻趁霜晴；笑歌声里轻雷动,一夜连枷响到明.
　　租船满载候开仓,粒粒如珠白似霜.不惜两钟输一斛,尚嬴糠核饱儿郎.
　　菽粟瓶罂贮满家,天教将醉作生涯.不知新滴堪篘未?细捣枨虀买鱠鱼,
　　细捣枨虀卖脍鱼,西风吹上四腮鲈.雪松酥腻千丝缕,除却松江到处无.
　　新霜彻晓报秋深,染尽青林作缬林.惟有橘园风景异,碧丛丛里万黄金.
　　冬日田园杂兴十二首
　　斜日低山片月高,睡余行药绕江郊.霜风捣尽千林叶,闲倚筇枝数鹳巢.
　　炙背檐前日似烘,暖醺醺后困蒙蒙.过门走马何官职,侧帽笼鞭战北风!
　　屋上添高一把茅,密泥房壁似僧寮.从教屋外阴风吼,卧听篱头响玉箫.
　　松节然膏当烛笼,凝烟如墨暗房栊；晚来拭净南窗纸,便觉斜阳一倍红.
　　乾高寅缺筑牛宫,巵酒豚蹄酹土公.牯牸无瘟犊儿长,明年添种越城东.
　　放船开看雪山晴,风定奇寒晚更凝.坐听一篙珠玉碎,不知湖面已成冰!
　　拨雪挑来踏地菘,味如蜜藕更肥醲.朱门肉食无风味,只作寻常菜把供.
　　榾柮无烟雪夜长,地炉煨酒暖如汤.莫嗔老妇无盘飣,笑指灰中芋栗香.
　　煮酒春前腊后蒸,一年长飨瓮头清.廛居何似山居乐,秫米新来禁入城.
　　黄纸蠲租白纸催,皂衣旁午下乡来.长官头脑冬烘甚,乞汝青钱买酒回.
　　探梅公子款柴门,枝北枝南总未春；忽见小桃红似锦,却疑侬是武陵人.
　　村巷冬年见俗情,邻翁讲礼拜柴荆.长衫布缕如霜雪,云是家机自织成.
　　《小池》宋·杨万里
　　泉眼无声惜细流,
　　树阴照水爱晴柔.
　　小荷才露尖尖角,
　　早有蜻蜓立上头.
　　泉水的出口很爱惜地让泉水悄然流出,
　　映在水上的树阴喜欢这晴天风光的柔和.
　　鲜嫩的荷叶那尖尖的角刚露出水面,
　　早早就已经有蜻蜓落在它的上头.
　　晓出净慈寺送林子方[1]
　　宋 杨万里
　　毕竟西湖六月中,
　　风光不与四时同.
　　接天莲叶无穷碧,
　　映日荷花别样红.
　　毕竟是西湖六月天的景色,
　　风光与其他季节确实不同.
　　莲叶接天望不尽一片碧绿,
　　阳光下荷花分外艳丽鲜红.

示：给……看；示儿,给儿子们看
九州：指祖国
同：统一
王师：指宋军
无：不要
乃：你的；乃翁：你的父亲

《示儿》：死去元知万事空,但悲不见九州同.王师北定中原日,家祭无忘告乃翁.
《秋夜将晓,出篱门迎凉有感》：三万里河东入海,五千仞岳上摩天.遗民泪尽胡尘里,南望王师又一年.
《十一月四日风雨大作》：僵卧孤村不自哀,尚思为国戍轮台.夜阑卧听风吹雨,铁马冰河入梦来.
《病起书怀》：病骨支离纱帽宽,孤臣万里客江干.位卑未敢忘忧国,事定犹须待阖棺.天地神灵扶庙社,京华父老望和銮.出师一表通今古,夜半挑灯更细看.

死去元知万事空,但悲不见九州同.
王师北定中原日,家祭无忘告乃翁!
这首诗是陆游的绝笔.他在弥留之际,还是念念不忘被女真贵族霸占着的中原领土和人民,热切地盼望着祖国的重新统一,因此他特地写这首诗作为遗嘱,谆谆告诫自己的儿子.从这里我们可以领会到诗人的爱国激情是何等的执着、深沉、热烈、真挚!无怪乎自南宋以来,凡是读过这首诗的人无不为之感动,特别是当外敌入侵或祖国分裂的情况下,更引起了无数人的共鸣.

这首诗是陆游的绝笔.他在弥留之际,还是念念不忘被女真贵族霸占着的中原领土和人民,热切地盼望着祖国的重新统一,因此他特地写这首诗作为遗嘱,谆谆告诫自己的儿子.从这里我们可以领会到诗人的爱国激情是何等的执着、深沉、热烈、真挚!无怪乎自南宋以来,凡是读过这首诗的人无不为之感动,特别是当外敌入侵或祖国分裂的情况下,更引起了无数人的共鸣.

失望的角度

杜甫《春望》：“国破山河在,城春草木深.感时花溅泪,恨别鸟惊心.烽火连三月,家书抵万金.白头搔更短,浑欲不胜簪.”
李清照《夏日绝句》：“生当作人杰,死亦为鬼雄.至今思项羽,不肯过江东.”
范成大《州桥》：“州桥南北是天街,父老年年等驾回.忍泪失声问使者：‘几时真有六军来’”
林升《题临安邸》：“山外青山楼外楼,西湖歌舞几时休.暖风熏得游人醉,直把杭州作汴州.”
陆游《示儿》：“死去原知万事空,但悲不见九州同.王师北定中原日,家祭无忘告乃翁.”
陆游《秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感》：“三万里河东人海,五千仍岳上摩天.遗民泪尽胡尘里,南望王师又一年.”
文天祥《过零丁洋》：“辛苦遭逢起一经,干戈寥落四周星.山河破碎风飘絮,身世浮沉雨打萍.惶恐滩头说惶恐,零丁洋里叹零丁.人生自古谁无死,留取丹心照汗青.”
于谦《石灰吟》：“千锤万凿出深山,烈火焚烧若等闲.粉身碎骨浑不怕,要留清白在人间

《示儿》和《春夜喜雨》都是小学生必背的古诗。

闻官军收河南河北是通过（ 喜 ）来表达的,示儿是通过（ 悲 ）来表达的

示 给……看
句意 孔子指着（那个）给小孩看并说

“但”字,这个字是“只是”的意思,表明诗人唯一放不下的是残破的祖国河山.

从这首诗中,我们懂得了诗人一生的遗憾是（ 但悲不见九洲同 ）,他对孩子的嘱咐是（ 家祭无忘告乃翁 ）.

在梁国,姓杨的家里有一个九岁的儿子,非常聪明.一天,孔君平来拜见他父亲,父亲不在家,就叫儿子出来.孩子为孔君平摆上水果,招待他.水果中有杨梅.孔君平指着杨梅对他说：“这是你家的水果.”孩子反驳：“没有听说过孔雀是先生您家的鸟.”

◎展示给儿子看.

死去元知万事空,但悲不见九州同.王师北定中原日,家祭无忘告乃翁.
译文：我本来知道,当我死后,人间的一切就都和我无关了,只是唯一使我痛心的,就是我没能亲眼看到祖国的统一.当大宋军队收复了中原失地的那一天到来之时,你们举行家祭的时候,千万别忘把这好消息告诉你们的父亲.中心：这首诗表达了作者收复中原失地的迫切愿望.
其中希望是大宋军队收复了中原失地的那一天到来,对儿子的嘱托还有遗嘱是你们举行家祭的时候,千万别忘把这好消息告诉你们的父亲……

孔君平指着杨梅给孩子看，并说：“这是你家的水果。”

1、眼泪
2、回头看
3、妻子儿女
4、白天
5、明丽的春光
6、马上
7、顺流
1、本来
2、却
3祭拜先人
科教书答案,

1.世间无物抵春愁,合向苍冥一哭休；四万万人齐下泪,天涯何处是神州.（谭嗣同《有感一章》,1896年春）
2.“城头蓬蓬擂大鼓,苍天苍天泪如雨,倭人竟割台湾去.”（黄遵宪《台湾行》）
3.“成败利钝非所睹,人人效死誓死拒,万众一心谁敢侮.”（黄遵宪《台湾行》）
4.．“春愁难遣强看山,往事惊心泪欲潸.四万万人同一哭,去年今日割台湾.”（丘逢甲《春愁》

示儿 六年级上册.

死去元知万事空,但悲不见九州同.

1、《示儿》以其“但悲不见九州同”来表现诗人强烈的爱国情感.后两句表现诗人对“王师北定中原”的无限希望和坚定信念.
2、杜甫曾写了一首诗,以其“喜”来表现诗人强烈的爱国情感.这首诗的题目是《闻官军收河南河北》.

孔君平在姓上做文章,孩子也在姓上做文章,由孔君平的“孔”姓想到了孔雀；最妙的是,他没有生硬地直接说“孔雀是夫子家禽”,而是采用了否定的方式,说“未闻孔雀是夫子家禽”,婉转对答,既表现了应有的礼貌,又表达了“既然孔雀不是您家的鸟,杨梅岂是我家的果”这个意思,使孔君平无言以对.因为他要承认孔雀是他家的鸟,他说的话才立得住脚.杨氏子表现了孩子应有的礼貌,他的语气委婉、机智、幽默而思维敏捷,又表达了“孔雀不是夫子家的鸟,杨梅又怎么是杨家的果”,使孔君平无言以对.