状语从句问题Lose one hour in the morning ____ you will be looking

1、l
2、h
3、e
4、a
5、n
6、k
7、g
8、b
9、c
10、j
11、d
12、o
13、i
14、m
15、f
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什么是主语、谓语、宾语、宾补、状语、定语? 主语是一个句子中所要表达,描述的人或物,是句子叙述的主体.可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担. 谓语是用来说明主语做...

整个主句

选A.it is not until.that.表示直到.才.样.
如果没有it is的话,只有not until.就选C了.

分别举个例子：
宾语从句：
i don't know what to do.i don't know which one is the best.象这种有whatwhichthat引导句子在整个句子充当宾语成分.那就是宾语从句.主语：i 谓语：don't know 宾语：what to do.
定语从句：
i don't know the man who is wearing a pair of glass.象这中由who,which,that,when 引导的句子在整个句子中做定语成分就叫定语从句.
主语：i
谓语：don't know
宾语：the man
定语：who is wearing a pair of glass.修饰the man.
状语从句：
i don't know she is my english teacher when i see her at first time.我第一眼见到她的时候,不知道她是我的英语老师.
象这样以when引导的句子在整个句子中充当状语成分的就是状语从句.
主语：i
谓语：don;t know
宾语：she is my english teacher.
状语：when 引导的句子.

Before+I found it at last.构成了一个时间段,即“我发现它之前”这一段时间；既然是时间段,所以要用完成时态,跟前半句相符；表示“我发现它之前一直在做某事”；
when+I found it at last.是“我发现它的时候”,构成了一个时间点,应该接过去时；

第一句应该是补充说明,改成并列句动词应该用were.
后面两个句子,第一个加being并不是表示强调,而是完整的独立主格结构.一般在省略成分时,宗旨就是不影响理解的情况下就可以省略相关成分,如果省略后句子不显得突兀或别扭就可.我个人觉得,我们对语言的把握或处理是不老道的,为保险起见,尽量用完整形式,以免弄巧成拙.当然别人用了,我们也得清楚别人到底是怎么用的,见多了自然就可熟能生巧.

D.although,句子
B.lest it should go wrong,以防
C.in that ,在于
C.for all his learning,尽管

在虚拟语气中状语从句：
例：If I were a bird,I would fly in the sky.
这句中If I were a bird是从句,I would fly in the sky是主句
一般这种情况分三种
1,与现在事实相反
就是我刚才造的那个句子
记住,从句格式是If+主语+动词过去式
主句格式是主语+情态动词（一般是should或would）后面跟状语
2,与过去事实相反
例：If I had got up early this morning,I would have caught that bus.
这里表示如果早上我早些起床,我就能赶上那班汽车了,也就是说,现在的时间肯定是在早上之后,他并没有赶上汽车,与过去事实相反正确的结构应该是从句：If+主语+过去完成时态 主句：主语+情态动词（一般是would或should）+现在完成时态
3,与将来事实相反
例：If it rained tomorrow,I would stay at home.
记住,有一种情况,与将来事实相反和与现在事实相反是一样的,当然后面也可以跟祈使句,比如你可以说,If it should rain tomorrow,don't call me也是可以的（但是祈使句只能和should搭配）还有一种是从句：If+主语+were to+动词原形,主句后面一样~
宾语从句中
你就要去背了
像一些命令的动词,比如order,command
建议：suggest,propose,advise,move,recommend要求：ask,demand,request,desire等等,去背吧
虚拟语气中这些词一旦出现
后面肯定是跟should do（动词原形）
should也可以省略
就是这样搭配了
还是建议你多去看看语法书,书上是比较彻底的
这样讲毕竟是片面了一点,只能讲个大概,往深了去就要靠自己了,还有很多细节上的问题,得自己去琢磨,才会知道~

选择A before
意思是,nice这个单词的意思几经变化,最终定义为“美好的场景”

句子多了个they,去掉就是.
Only 限定主语时,不需倒装 Only the people who have a high position or the ability to judge can have the qualification to do that

A little boys did so much work

Sea as i was interested in there is nothing i can do but wait now.这个句子是错误的.以as,though引导的让步状语从句多用倒装语序,即把在从句中作表语的名词、形容词,或修饰谓语动词的副词放在从句谓语之前.当作...

首先纠正一下,这里是定语从句修饰somewhere而不是状语从句.地点状语从句与定语从句主要区别在于分句在句中作什么成分.作状语,则是状语从句；作定语修饰名词,则是定语从句.where引导定语从句时,从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；而状语从句前则无需先行词.如：Go back where you came from.(where引导地点状语从句） 你从何处来到何处去.Go back to the village where you came from.(where引导定语从句,修饰village) 回到你来的那个村子里去.
somewhere 既可以作名词又可作副词,在这里是副词somewhere=in some place,可见somewhere内部已经含有一个介词,因此不能在它前面再加介词in了.所以应该是live somewhere = live in some place.

1 B anything=whatever=no matter what
2 D 目的状语从句 一般有情态动词,保持时态一致.用could get
3 D 目的状语从句.so as to 接动词原型.
4 B 过去完成时态,与一般过去时态got相对应.当我们到了车站,火车已经开走了.

If he enjoys concerts...条件状语从句

was watching
因为后面有一个明显的过去一段时间,所以用过去进行时,意思是：他昨天晚上六点到八点在看电视.

1 find (谓语) A （宾语）good（宾补）
2 find A as good as B is.
--------- find A as(程度状语) good as（比较状语从句的连接词） B （主语）is(系动词)
3 if not better than (插入语结构)
== if it is not better than an actual performance.

状元的句子

He made much progress,(because) he practiced a lot after class.原因状语从句.

1unless 2beacuse 3 even 4on 5if 6 where 7 so that
8Tthough 9However 10Whether 11as 12Though 13as

　　此处的 affecting its operation 以及前面的 flashing on their consoles 都是动名词短语,不是分词.


　　本句中的 affecting its operation 是对 flashing on their consoles 进行补充说明的并列动名词短语,也就是说,第二个动名词短语 affecting its operation 前面省略了与上文重复的逻辑主语 a blue light.


　　a blue light continuously flashing on their consoles,和a blue light affecting its operation 都是动名词复合结构.动名词复合结构在书面语中,逻辑主语常用每次所用个（a blue light’s）,但在口语中,用作宾语的动名词复合结构的逻辑主语可以用主格代替.因此,如果罗嗦点儿说,这句话可以改写如下：




Some users complained about a blue light’s continuously flashing ontheir consoles,that is to say they complained about a blue light’s affecting its operation.(有些用户抱怨控制台蓝色信号灯不停地闪动,也就是说抱怨这种信号灯影响它自身的运行)

1.C
2. His mother will be sad if he doesn't pass the exam.
3. If he doesn't get up early enough, he won't be able to catch the early bus.
4. If they aren't at home, we won't visit them.
5. If we have a party, we will start at 7 p.m.
6. If I'm free, I'll go to feed the dogs with you.
7. If he dosn't come tomorrow, I'll go instead of him.
8. If you don't water the flowers, they will die.
希望能帮到你,祝更上一层楼O(∩_∩)O

空里应该是The building where,这是一个地点状语从句

1.I was about to go to bed when I heard someone knock at the door.2.You would let your children play where you can see them.3.I was not kind to him when he was rude.4.If anything important happens,please call me up.5.In order that he could catch the bus,he got up early.6.He went out,though it was raining.7.His brother is as handsome as he (is).8.He stood up as if (he wanted ) to leave.9.It’s so good a book that I’ve read it again and again.

宾语是动作的对象,定语是修饰名词的成分,形容词和名词都可以做定语,句子也可以,那就是定语从句.表语指的是英语的系动词加上形容词构成的成分.状语是表示动作的状态、时间、地点、方式等等,一般是副词来充当状语,用句子来充当则是状语从句.

一般情况下,时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”,用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”.例如： I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话.（这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句,从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时,表示一般将来时,决不可用will arrive） As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作,就回家.（从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished,表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished） If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了,请通知我.（从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时,决不可用will come back） 状语从句讲解和练习 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子.通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当.例如： 1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词) 2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语) 3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式) 4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词) 5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句） 状语的位置比较灵活,可以位于句首、句末或句中.enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置. 状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语.一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式.尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难.状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词 和特殊的连接词即考点.现分别列举如下: 1． 时间状语从句 常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. The children ran away from the orchard(果园), the moment they saw the guard. No sooner had I arrived home ,then it began to rain. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 2． 地点状语从句 常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. Wherever you go, you should work hard. 3． 原因状语从句 常用引导词：because, since, as, for 特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that. My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful. Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference. The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable. 4． 目的状语从句 常用引导词：so that, in order that 特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them. The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly. 5． 结果状语从句 常用引导词：so … that, such … that, 特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, He got up so early that he caught the first bus. It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it. To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night. 6． 条件状语从句 常用引导词：if, unless, 特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that We’ll start our project if the president agrees. You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here. 7． 让步状语从句 常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though 特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal. 尽管我很尊敬他, 我却不同意他的建议. The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind. He won’t listen whatever you may say. 8． 比较状语从句 常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较) 特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B She is as bad-tempered as her mother. The house is three times as big as ours. The more you exercise, the healthier you will be. Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,犹如油之于机器. 9． 方式状语从句 常用引导词：as, as if, how 特殊引导词：the way When in Rome, do as the Roman do. She behaved as if she were the boss. Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us. 10. 状语从句的简化 状语从句的省略 状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一致,或从句主语为it；②从句主要动词是be的某种形式.从句中的主语和be动词常可省略.例如： When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year . He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible. 另外,比较状语从句经常省略.例如： I’m taller than he (is tall ). The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ). 就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行"简化".状语从句的"简化"现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高.因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻的了解. 状语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:①由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;②由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句;③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;④由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;⑤由as, than等引导的比较状语从句.下面针对这五种情形作一归纳. (1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉.例如: If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境. You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议. (2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉.常用于以下几种情形: a.连词+形容词 As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车. Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店. Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲. b.连词+名词 While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提时代就乐于助人. Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.尽管他曾是个农民,而现在是位著名的导演了. c.连词+现在分词 As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲. Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩. d.连词+过去分词 He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里. The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功. e.连词+不定式 He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么.He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题. f. 连词+介词短语 She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦. He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美国之前就懂英语了. 注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达.(=The meeting over,

the old man sat there,reading the book.
the first time i met her,yuyue was standing in the wind,her long hair flying in the ai

是宾语从句,因为flied to 是整句话的谓语,缺少宾语

从句是一个很麻烦的问题,如果你想了解,我还是建议你去买一本好一点的语法书,一般上面都有.（不要心疼money）
我给你写参考,不会太全面,可以勉强了解一下
分析引导词的句法作用以区别从句的种类
根据英语从句在句子中的句法作用,从句可分为三类：名词性从句,形容词性从句和副词性从句.通过对引导从句的各种引导词进行观察,我们不难发现,有的从句可以直接从引导词的形式和意义上来区分.如：Though the old man is over seventy, he still sees well and hears well. 我们一读此句,就可以认定,由Though引导的从句是一个让步状语从句.因为though只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导其它从句,但是有些引导词却能引导多种从句.如引导词when：既可以引导时间状语从句又可以引导定语从句,还可以引导名词性从句.此外,象that,where等,三类从句均可引导；who既可引导定语从句,又可引导名词性从句；so that 即可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句……因此,这些形同义不同的引导词给我们理解、掌握、运用各种从句带来了很大困难.另外,搞不清楚从句在句子中所起的作用,就不能正确理解原文.那么,怎样正确区分各种形同义不同的引导词引导的从句呢?
1、 分析句子结构以区虽从句的种类 遇到一个复合句,首先要分析其句子结构,看从句在整个句子中起什么作用,那么它就是什么从句.
2、 分析引导词的句法作用以区别从句的种类 that这个词即是引导同位语从句,又可引导定语从句,这种两种从句从形式和结构上看特别相似,如何区分呢? 区分that引导的是同位语从句还是定语从句的方法是,看that在从句中是否充当句子成分,若that在从句中不充当任何成分,则为同位语从句；若that在从句中充当主语或宾语,则为定语从句.
3、 根据被修饰词来判断从句的种类 定语从句常常修饰一些具有实际意义的名词,如：the film；the student；the book；a house等等.而同位语从句常常修饰一些表示抽象概念的名词,如fact、idea、promise、truth等,用来说明这些名词所表示的具体内容.状语从句在句子中常用来修饰谓语动词.
4、 根据从句前词的词性来判断从句的种类 宾语从句分两种：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句.宾语从句前肯定是动词或介词.定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的,所以其前一定是一个名词或代词.
5、 根据上下文意义和结构形式上区分从句的种类 如so that即可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句,如何区分呢?主要从以下两点来区分. ①根据上下文意义判断.“以便……”表示目的,是目的状语从句,“以致于……”,“结果……”表示结果,是结果状语从句. ②从结构形式上来分辨.so that前有逗号,为结果状语从句,反之,则为目的状语从句.有时,so that前无逗号,这里要看从句中有无can、could、may、might、will、would、should 等情态动词,如果有,则多是目的状语从句,若没有,则多是结果状语从句

非谓语动词的用法 分析句子结构,及找出TRY的逻辑主语 All the students are jumping up and down本句主谓齐全,且后面的句子与前面的主句用逗号隔开了.由此判断该题考查非谓语动词作伴随状语.因为TRY的逻辑主语是STUDENTS所以选择A.B是不定式,不定式表示要去做的动作(即表将来的动作),不能充当伴随状语.

引导让步状语从句的从属连词.主要的有although,though,even though,even if,while,however,whatever,whoever,whenever,wherever等.如：
Although [Though] he is poor,he is well contented.他虽穷却能知足常乐.
Though [Even though] it’s hard work,I enjoy it.尽管是苦活,但我乐意干.
Even if you don't like wine,try a glass of this.即使你不喜欢渴酒,也尝尝这杯吧.
While we don’t agree we continue to be friends.尽管我们意见不同,但我们还是朋友.
However you use it,it won’t break.不管你怎么使用,它都不会破.
Whatever you say,I believe you.无论你说什么,我都相信你.
Whoever telephones,tell them I'm out.不管是谁打电话,都说我出去了.
Whenever you come,you are welcome.你什么时候来,我们都欢迎.
However much he eats,he never gets fat.无论他吃多少,他都不发胖.

although / though / no matter +疑问词( 疑问词+ever) :：引导让步状语从句
1.Although/ Though he is young , he can help do a lot of housework
---Young as / though he is, he can help do a lot of housework
---Child as/though he is , he can help do a lot of housework
2.However difficult (=No matter how difficult ) it is , we may finish it in time.

这个嘛……这样来说吧：宾语从句在动词后边充当成分 标志：动词之后；例如：I like what my boyfriend gave me. like 之后就是整个宾语从句定语从句为修饰名词的 可以理解为“打扮” 主要做修饰、解释说明 被修饰...

伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生,它的特点是：它所表达的动 作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的.
例如：
①He sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅里读报.
②All night long he lay awake,thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着,思考着那个问题.
伴随状语的判断
The dog entered the room, following his master.一般在分词短语 （现在分词表主动 过去表被动）前有逗号的是伴随状语.
伴随状语出现的条件
由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态, 或 同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态.
伴随状语的逻辑主语
一般情况下必须是全句的生语,伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的.
伴随状语可以有以下几种表示方法：
一、使用分词形式 The dog entered the room, following his master(这条狗跟着主人进了屋). The master entered the room, followed by his dog(主人进了屋,后面跟着 他的狗).
二、用 with 复合结构 The little girls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red(小女孩 们在玩雪,手都冻红了). The workers went out of work, talking and laughing all the way(工人们下 班了,一路有说有笑).
三、用独立主格结构 Last year I came here by climbing over the wall, sword in hand. The little boy goes to school, the little dog accompanying him every day(这小孩每天去上学,那条小狗陪伴着他).
四、用形容词 Crusoe went home, full of fear(克鲁索满怀恐惧地回家). Confident of the victory the players are fighting hard(运动员们对比赛夺胜 满怀信心奋力拼搏). The match will be broadcast live(这场比赛将作实况转播). He left home young and came back old(他少小离家老大回).
五、用名词 He went away a beggar but retuned a millionaire(他讨吃要饭离家,腰缠 万贯回归). He who had been twice prime minister of the country, died civilian(他曾两 度出任这个国家的总理,而死的时候却是一个平民).
六、用介词短语 The girl came back to her mother in tears.(这女孩眼泪汪汪地回到母亲身 边). How can you go to the wedding party in rags(你怎能衣衫褴褛地去参加婚 宴)? I went home out of breath(我上气不接下气地回家).
with 复合结构做伴随状语：
由“with ＋宾语＋宾补”构成的复合结构,在句中可作状语,表示伴 随.这一结构中的宾语补足语可由现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副 词或介词短语等来充当.
例如： 1．With production up by 60％,the company has had another excellent year．产量增涨了 60％,公司又是一个盈利年. 2．He soon fell asleep with the candle still burning．蜡烛还亮着,他很 快就睡着了. 3． She sat there alone with her eyes filled with tears． 他独自一人坐在那 儿,眼里充满了泪水.

独立主格结构做伴随状语：
独立主格结构是由一个名词或代词（作为该短语结构的逻辑主语） , 加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语（作为该短语 结构的逻辑谓语）构成.该从属结构主要起状语作用,相当于一个状 语从句.故独立主格结构也可做伴随状语.
例如： 1．Mr.．Smith flew to New York this morning,his assistant to join him there this Saturday．今天早上史密斯先生坐飞机去了美国,他的秘书 星期六和他在那儿见面. 2．He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head．他躺在 草地上,头枕双手. 3．He stood on the deck,pipe in mouth．他站在甲板上,嘴里叼着烟 斗.
分词短语做伴随状语：
现在分词短语和过去分词短语都可以做伴随状语, 现在分词短语表示 与主句的主语在逻辑上有主谓关系,即表主动意义；而过去分词短语 则表示与主句的主语在逻辑上是动宾关系,即被动意义.
例如： 1．“Can't you read?”Mary said angrily pointing to the notice．玛丽生气 地指着通知说：“难道你不识字吗?” 2．He sent me an e-mail hoping to get further information．他给我发了 一封电子邮件,希望得到更多信息. 3．He hurried to the hall,followed by two guards．他匆忙进了大厅, 后面跟着两个警卫.
形容词短语做伴随状语：
形容词短语做伴随状语时,通常表状态.
例如： 1．Full of apologies,the manager approached us．经理向我们走来, 嘴里不停地说着抱歉的话. 2．He was too excited,unable to say a word．他太激动了,一句话也 说不出来. 3．He stared at the footprint,full of fear．他盯着脚印,满心恐惧.
单个形容词做伴随状语：
单个形容词做伴随状语也表示状态,不表动作.
例如： 1．He sat there,silent．他一声不响地坐在那儿. 2．Breathless,she rushed in throughthe back door．穿过后门,他气喘 吁吁地冲了进来. 3．He went to bed,coldand hungry．他又冷又饿地上床睡觉了其实分词做伴随状语就是分词做方式状语的一种,伴随是一种方式.大多情况下 其实方式状语从句都等于伴随状语从句. 只有在 just) as…so…结构中位于句首, 这时 as 从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如…","就像",多用于正式文体
伴随状语的特点是：
它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生 或存在的 1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别. 现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主 动与被动关系的区别. 1）现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系 是主动关系. ）过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的 关系是被动关系.
比如 The teacher came in the classroom with handing a book in his hand. with handing 就是个例子 过去分词,现在分词 都可以做伴随状语,即在某件事情发生的时候相伴发生的 事情 这个句子 老师进入了教室,他是拿着本书进入教室的,在他进入教室的时 候他的手中有一本书（相伴）知道意思了吧.
做题的时候要注意区分什么时候使用过去分词和什么时候使用现在分词做伴随 状语.
一般的无非又几种情况：
过去分词表示一种完成了的 或者是被动意义的动作 分词作状语（关键找逻辑主语）
a)放在句首的分词往往看作时间状语 1 以及原因状语 2 1. Looking (when I looked) at the picture, I couldn't help missing my middle school days. 2.Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. =As he was seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital.
b)放在句中或句末常常看作为伴随状态(并列句) The girl was left alone in the room,weeping（crying ）bitterly. (但注意特殊：Generally/frankly speaking... / taken as a whole(总的来讲）不考 虑逻辑主语,看作为独立成分) C.difference between "being done"&"done" 1）being done---->"又被动,又进行” 2）done------->“又被动,又完成” 1）,2）均可作原因状语从句,而且更倾向于“done”,因为简单 eg.(being) deeply moved, she couldn't help crying. 但作条件(a),伴随状语只能用(b)2）,不能用 1） eg.(a)Once seen, it can't be forgotten./If asked so many questions, Mary's face will turn red. (b)she watched all the gifts ,greatly amazed.(=she watched all the gifts, and was greatly amazed 在一般句中：v1,and v2/ v1,v2,and v3) 结论： 当发现所要填非谓语为被动时, 能用"done"就用"done"(除了有先后顺序(用 (having done/having been done),详见 D) D.having done1)/having been done2)作状语时,分词的动作先于谓语动词 eg.1)Having handed in the paper, he left the room.(分词逻辑主语与主语相同, 用 having done) 2)Having been given a map, we found our way easily.(分词逻辑主语与主语不 同,是别人给的,用 having been done)

谓语一般是动词,就是和动作有关的词；
表语一般是一些形容词,描写人、物状态,表情的,比如开心,欢喜……
宾语一般是名词,一般放在谓语后面.比如“他开车”中的“开车”就是动宾结构,“车”就是宾语
状语是一般也是形容词,但它是放在动词前面.如“他开心的开车”,开心地就是状语

1.宾语从句
1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后.连词that常可省略.介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句.in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配,其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句.
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.
2)宾语从句后如有宾补,要用形式宾语it来代替,而把宾语从句移至宾补之后.
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中,如果谓语是否定的,一般将否定词移至主句谓语上,宾语从句则变成肯定形式.
He didn't think that the money was well spent.
2.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词,也可以是一个句子.定语从句通常位于先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导.
*限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词,对先行词起修饰作用,紧接先行词之后,无逗号,若省去,原句意思不完整.引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等.who,whom,whose用于指人,whose有时也可指物,相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定语从句中.关系代词除了引导定语从句,替代先行词外,还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等.
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.
Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.
The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.
1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时,只能用关系代词that引导从句.
That is all that I've heard from him.
He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.
2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略.关系代词紧跟介词,作介词宾语时不可用that,只可用which或whom引导从句,并且不可省略,但当介词位于宾语从句句末时,作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that,也可省略.
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.
This is one of those things (whichthat) we have to put up with.
3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等.关系副词在从句中作状语,意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构.
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.
No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.
*非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,也可修饰整个主句,起补充说明作用,与主句之间有逗号隔开,若省去,原句意思不受影响.不可用that引导非限制性定语从句.关系词不可省略.
Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.
*“介词+whichwhomwhose”引导的定语从句
“介词+whichwhomwhose”可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配,或先行词的习惯搭配.
This is the computer on which he spent all his savings
It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.
*as引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中,代替先行词是人或物的名词.as引导非限制性定语从句时,代替整个主句,从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间.
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)
3.状语从句
*时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：
1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等.
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.
2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等.
As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.
The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.
*地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.
Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.
*原因、结果和目的状语从句
1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等.
Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.
2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that
,so that,that,so等.
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.
3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等,从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词.
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.
*条件和让步状语从句
1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等.
As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.
2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however.)等.though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构,具有强调意义.其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”.
No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)
Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)
*方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等.as if,as though引导的状语从句中,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反.
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.
Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.

根据从句在句中的成分来判断.复合句是由两个或两个以上的有主谓结构的句子用从属连词连接起来的句子.其中一个句子是主体,叫做主句,而其他的句子叫做从句.从句由连接词引导,它们是:that,before,whether,if,although,because,as long as,as soon as,since,after,who,which,whom,what,whose,why,where,how,when,从句尽管有主谓结构,但不能单独成为一个句子,在句中,从句仅担任某个成分,根据担任的成分从句可分主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,定语从句,状语从句.主语从句 在句中起主语作用的句子叫做主语从句.主语从句一般放在句首.引导主语从句的词有下列:that,who,whether,if,what,which,when,where,how,why.Who cleaned the blackboard is not known yet.谁擦的黑板还不知道.What he said is not true.他说的不是实话.That he'll come to see us is really great.他来看我们真是太好啦.It's very good that he has passed the exam.他通过了考试太好了.宾语从句 在句中起宾语作用的句子叫做宾语从句,宾语从句放在动词后面.引导宾语从句的词有下列.that,if,whether,what,which,when,where,how,why,I didn't expect that he had broken the glass.我没有想到他把玻璃打破了.Could you tell me who is your teacher?你能告诉我谁是你的教师吗?I don't know why he is absent.我不知道为什么他不在.表语从句 在句中起表语作用的句子叫做表语从句,表语从句放在系动词的后面.引导表语从句的词有下列.that,if,whether,what,which,when,where how,why等.The question is whether he will join us next time.问题是下次他是否跟我们一起干.That is why I am late.这就是我为什么迟到.定语从句 在句中起定语作用的句子叫做定语从句,定语从句放在被修饰的名词后面.引导定语从句的词有下列.who,whose,that,which,whom,when,where why.Do you know the man who is in the car.你认识坐在汽车里的人吗?This is the place where I was born.这就是我出生的地方.That is the reason why he lost his job.这就是他为什么失去工作的原因.状语从句 在句中起状语作用的句子叫做状语从句,状语从句一般放在句后,强调时放在句首.He opened the windows since it was hot.由于天气热,他打开了窗户.When he was young,he couldn't go to school.他年青的时候没能上学.I'll let you know as soon as he come back.他一回来我就告诉你.定语从句相当于形容词,用来修饰名词或代词.宾语从句相当于一个宾语,用作名词.状语从句相当于句子中的一个状语,或副词,指时间、地点和原因等.虽然它们意义不同,但用法大致相同,都要用陈述语序,都要有连接词

条件状语从句
条件状语从句就是用以表示“在某种条件下,会……”
常用if ,in case , on condition等词来引导
连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等..
if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种.
主句用一般将来时,if或unless引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时.
固定搭配
unless = if not.
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.
真实条件句,
如：If it rains tomorrow, we won”t go on a picnic.
非真实条件句是虚拟语气的一种,表示与事实相反,如：
If I were you, I would go with him.
if wrless,on condition that
so/as long as只要
时间状语从句
时间状语从句
（adverbial clause of time）
1.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句.例如：
When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候,你就是在开始知道一些事物了.
When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候,它在生长,它感到压抑,它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量,一旦冒出,它就会炸破一切!
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁.
Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳的时候,请你照看一下我的衣服.
You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 当你的手在空气中挥动的时候,你就能感觉到空气在流动.
Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我们的校长边谈边笑.
【区别】when, while和as的区别：when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词.并且when有时表示“就在那时”.例如：
When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我在吃饭.(瞬时动词)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时,我常常为他担水.（延续性的动词）
We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了.
While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）.并且while有时还可以表示对比.例如：
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生)
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球.（对比）
As表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后.例如：
We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱.（as表示“一边……一边”）
As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了.（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）
2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句.注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“就,才”.还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系.当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时,则主句动词多用过去完成时,这样以便体现动作发生的先后.After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后.主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反.例如：
It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来.
Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我.
My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了.
They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了.
After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的.
After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后,我们回家了.（从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时）
3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句.till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until.并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同.例如：
I didn't go to bed until（till） my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉.
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语.
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止.
I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作.
Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我.
4.由since引导的时间状语从句. since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词.一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时.但在It is ＋时间＋since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时.例如：
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了.
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后,你到哪里去了?
It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了.
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了.
5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句.这些连词都表示“一……就”.例如：
I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭,我立即到那里去.
The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息,马上赶到了出事地点.
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大,就给你来电话.
【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意.主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时.当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序.例如：
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家,就被邀请开始另一旅程.
No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起,他就起床劳动去了.
Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下,他就进来了.
He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触.
6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句.注意时态的变化：在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时.例如：
By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时,我已经写完这本书了.
By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候,我将已经完成此工作了.
7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句.例如：
Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨,总是来看我.
Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候,我猜想他就要说谎了.
You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你,见你更年轻了.
8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句.这两个连词表示“有多久……就多久”.例如：
You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去,只要在天黑以前回来就行.
I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存,我就要反对这种境况.
这是一般现在,一般过去,现在进行,过去进行,现在完成,过去完成,现在完成进行,一般将来,过去将来时的时间状语:
1.Often,usually----------动词原型do,does,am,is, are
2.yesterday,last Sunday,in the past-------动词过去式did,was,were
3.now--------be+doing
4.while,at that time,-------was doing,were doing
5.since从句,for 2 days,------have done,have been
6.by+过去的某个时间点----had done,had been
7.与现在完成相似-------have been+持续动词ing形式
8.一切表示将来的时间状语,in+一段时间-------将来要发生的一般性动作,
will,shall+原型
9.与一般将来时相似-----------would+原型

构成句子的基本成分叫做句子成分.句子成分可分为主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,同位语.它们可以由单词来担任,也可以由词组,以及句子来担任.
先看谓语,是动词,动词前的是主语（主语可以由名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词,名词化形容词,分词,从句,短语等来担任）,后面的是宾语,人称主格在宾语时,变成宾格（动词一定是谓语,动作的发出者是主语,接受动作的人就是宾语）.
I sing(动作是唱歌,我是发出唱歌这个动作的人,所以结构是主谓）
I sing a song（和上面一样,我唱了什么,歌,歌是唱这个动作的承受者）结构就是主谓宾
I sing a song in the forest（在森林里,是个地方,叫做地点状语,要是时间,就是时间状语,状语有很多种,原因那些都是）
I sing a beautiful song in the forest（beautiful在这里是修饰那首歌曲的,所以是定语,定的成分是歌曲）
主系表结构很不一样,它的动词都是系动词,例如：I am a student.
I是主语,am是谓语,a student是表语
这些都是主系表,那么系动词就是Be动词,你可以看到做表语的成分可以不同,可以是名词,可以是形容词．
表语表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态.表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语.表语一般放在系动词之后.表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任.
These desks are yellow.这些桌子是黄色的.
宾语是谓语动作所涉及的对象,它是动作的承受者,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任,宾语一般放在谓语动词后面.
I saw a cat in the tree.我看见树上有一只猫.
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,其中一个宾语多指人,另一个宾语指物,指人的宾语叫做间接宾语,指物的宾语叫做直接宾语,可以带两个宾语的动词有bring,give,show,send,pass,tell等.间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面,如果强调直接宾语可把直接宾语放在间接宾语的前面,但间接宾语前须加"to".
My father bought me a book.我父亲给我买了一本书.
有些及物动词除跟一个宾语外,还需要加上宾语补足语,否则意思不完整,它们一起构成复合宾语,复合宾语中宾语和后面的宾语补足语有一种逻辑上的主谓关系,这也是判断是两个宾语还是复合宾语的依据,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的词担任.
Please color it red.请给它涂上红颜色.
定语用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任.如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面.
That is a beautiful flower.那是一朵漂亮的花.
状语:说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语.状语可以由副词,短语以及从句来担任.

我简单地回答,不明白再问吧.
宾语从句：my teacher said that we should finish our homework first.
主语+谓语动词+that从句作为宾语
定语从句：he is an old man who has a little dog.
句子成分齐全he is an old man；先行词是man,引导词是who,who 引导的定语从句是修饰man,告诉我们这个man是有着一条小狗的man.
根据先行词的不同,还可以用that,which,where等词引导.
状语从句：i will go to the park,when it stops raining.
状语一般是说明时间、地点、条件、原因、目的等

however
意思是无论多么难

efore 是在..之前,所以主句用的是过去完成时,从句用一般过去时
可翻译为：“数周过去后我才意识到这幅画丢了.”
when 是当...时 应用相同时态吧

直接这样改
surprised at what happened,Tom didn't know what to do.
过去分词可以直接引导状语从句
从句的主语与主句的一致时,可以省略
补充：
accepted做形容词 a.公认的,做系动词的表语
意思是他被公认为是“The London songbird”
songbird做女歌唱家解,如果没有上下文的话

差别在于这个从句在整个句子中充当的成分,做什么成分就叫什么从句.关系词或代词的作用就是引导这些从句.
主语从句 充当 主语成分,如：（What caused the accident） remains unknown.其中What caused the accident就是主语从句.
最常见的主语从句是形式主语it句型,如It is certain that he will win the match.
以此类推,表语从句His suggestion is（ that we should stay calm.）
宾语从句I don’t know（ if there will be a bus any more.）
状语从句I will call you （as soon as I arrive in Beijing.）
定语从句He lives in a room （whose window faces south.）

我教你个办法你就好记了
where = in which
所以live后不再加 in
但是如果是Which引导的句子
那麼就要加in
where you live yet=which you live in yet

whatever 和 no matter what 在基本词义上是一致的,都是无论什么的意思.
但是 whatever 和 no matter what 区别就是 whatever 可以充当名词成分（比如主语,宾语等）.而 no matter what 不行,它只能引导让步状语从句.

1.主从句的时态一般是一致或配套使用的,大部分情况有规律可循,但要看主从句间的逻辑关系以及表达的实际情况来定,而且这并非一成不变,不是看主句是什么时态就能判断从句是什么时态的.比如说,主句用一般过去时说“我在街上看到了杰克”,结果状语从句可以用一般过去时表达“所以我没有给他打电话了”,也可以用一般将来时说“所以我明天不会再去找他了”；时间状语从句可以是过去进行时“当我正在赶往邮局的时候”,也可以是过去完成时“当我已经把邮件寄出去了”.所以,总而言之,看表达的内容是什么时间和逻辑关系来定时态这才正确.
2.个人认为选两者都可以,意思的侧重有所不同而已.
3.so that 引导结果状语从句时,没有规定说必须要用情态动词,还是和表达的意思有关.比如：
Everyone lent a hand,so that the work was finished ahead of schedule.
每个人都帮了忙,所以工作提前完成了.

句子对.
when后he可要可不要,省略掉是因为后面主句（he tries to make money from it）
的主语也是he,避免重复.