校园义卖英语海报-charitysale如何宣传

underprivileged[英][u02ccu028cndu0259u02c8pru026avu0259lu026adu0292d][美][u02ccu028cndu0259ru02c8pru026avu0259lu026adu0292d]adj.被剥夺基本权力的，穷困的，下层社会的; 例句:1.Another common theme among this year"s applicants was howbusinesses could help create opportunities for underprivilegedcommunities. 今年的申请者中普遍呈现的另一大常见主题是，企业如何能为贫困社区创造机会。2.But find a smart but underprivileged teenager who wouldbenefit from a week"s placement in your chairman"s office andask him to take the kid in return. 但要找一个聪明、地位较低、能从在你们董事长办公室实习一周就受益匪浅的孩子，作为交换，让董事长收下他。

underprivileged英 [u02ccu028cndu0259u02c8pru026avu0259lu026adu0292d] 美 [u02ccu028cndu0259ru02c8pru026avu0259lu026adu0292d]adj.被剥夺基本权力的，穷困的，下层社会的双语例句1. His doughty campaigns for the underprivileged have earned him national respect. 他为弱势群体奔走呼号，赢得了全国的尊敬。2. underprivileged sections of the community 社区的弱势阶层3. She worked for the well - being of the underprivileged. 她为下层贫困民众的福利而努力.4. He said it was the job of the Church to speak for the underprivileged. 他说，为贫困群体说话是教会的义务。5. Empowering the underprivileged lies in assuring them that education holds the real source of power. 帮助贫困人民就要让他们相信教育是真正的力量源泉。

地位低下Underprivileged望采纳，谢谢

Help the poor out of their poverty.

弱国无外交。Weak countries are diplomatically underprivileged.

请求 建议 或者需要 都表示委婉语气

讲的单词是：speak

一是常用动词，二是高难动词，三是容易混消的动词，四是动词短语。（1）常用动词例：For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality,and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.例如，测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公；因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。（2）高难动词例：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,reliability,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。（3）容易混消的动词例：Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。（4）动词短语例：Furthermore，it is obvious that the strength of a country""s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。希望能帮助到你，望采纳！！！！

他钻进被窝开始读书。He got into bed and started to read她每天就是读读书，看看电视。She spends her days reading and watching television.帮助贫困儿童读书识字Helping underprivileged children to learn to read

海伦.凯勒 Hellon was one of the greatest writer of the 20th century.But do you know she was blind.When she was a little girl she couldn"t see any thing.It"s so hard for her to learn thing like language.But she made it!Though she could only learn language by her hand , that is to feel the letters which is made for blind people with her hands.She didn"t see any thing by her eye ,so,why she could write beautiful works.Beacuse,she feel the world with her heart and mind.

福利She worked for the well-being of the underprivileged她为下层贫困民众的福利而努力

say 强调说话的内容speak 一般指说什么语言

　　在日常的学习、工作、生活中，大家总少不了接触作文吧，作文是从内部言语向外部言语的过渡，即从经过压缩的简要的、自己能明白的语言，向开展的、具有规范语法结构的、能为他人所理解的外部语言形式的转化。怎么写作文才能避免踩雷呢？下面是我精心整理的话题英语作文6篇，希望能够帮助到大家。 话题英语作文 篇1 　　近年来，中小学生健康问题日益引起人们的关注。请你用英语就该问题谈谈你的看法。 　　要求：(1)内容包括①列举中小学生面临的健康问题。 　　② 请谈谈怎样才能保持健康。 　　(2)字数：60---80词。 　　(3)短文中不得出现你的真实姓名、学校名和地名。 　　范文：Every one wants to keep healthy today, especailly our students. But we don"t pay attention to our health. Some of them go to school without breakfast in the morning. Some students and pupils play computer games or watch TV all day, espacially at the weekends. Many boys think it is cool to drink or smoke. 　　It is important for us to have good habbits. We should eat breakfast every morning. We can watch TV or play games for a short time, then have a rest. We also can take part in some clubs. I think it is necessary for us to keep healthy. 话题英语作文 篇2 　　Dear Jack, 　　Thank you for your letter asking about our discussion on low carbon lifestyle. Here is something about it. 　　Everyone knows that we can do a lot of things in order to live a low-carbon life. 　　Firstly, we should save water and electricity. Secondly, we had better sort out rubbishes, which include recyclable and non-recyclable rubbishes. Thirdly, we could re-pick up our handkerchiefs, and use tissues as little as possible so we can stop more tress from cutting down. Last but not least, please try to walk if you have more free time, and ride bikes or take buses as often as possible. Yours sinscely， Li Hua. 话题英语作文 篇3 　　 【预测题目】 　　假如你是Han Mei，下面是一封你的笔友Alice 给你发来的e-mail，请你根据e-mail 的内容给她写一封回信，与她交流看法，并帮她排忧解难。 　　提示词语：listen to，mother"s love，care about，communicate with，get along with，smile 　　写作要求： 　　语句通顺，书写工整; 　　可用所给提示词语，也可以适当发挥; 　　词数在60-80左右。 Dear Han Mei， 　　I"m afraid I"ve got a big problem recently. My mother talks too much to me. She always tells me," Be careful while crossing the street.”“Put on more clothes.”“Did you do a good job at school?” And so on. I"m annoyed(烦恼). What shall I do? 　　Alice 　　 【参考范文】 Dear Alice， 　　As a teenager,I met the same problem as you. But now I can get along better with my mother. Here are some ideas for you. 　　Your mother talks much, because she cares about you. Maybe it"s not a good way, but it shows your mother"s love. So I think you should listen to her. If your opinions are different from your mother"s，you can communicate with her, and tell her what you are thinking about. If your mother doesn"t take your advice，just keep silent and give her a smile. 　　I hope what I say here can help you a lot. 　　Yours 　　Han Mei 　　 【参考译文】 亲爱的爱丽丝， 　　作为一个少年，我遇到了和你一样的问题。但现在我可以更好地与我的母亲。这里有一些想法给你。 　　你妈妈说话多，因为她在乎你。也许这不是一个好方法，但它显示了你母亲的爱。所以我认为你应该听她的。如果你的意见和你母亲的不同，你可以和她交流，告诉她你在想什么。如果你的妈妈不接受你的建议，保持沉默，给她一个微笑。 　　我希望我在这里说的能帮到你很多。 　　你的好朋友， 　　韩梅 话题英语作文 篇4 　　A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do not 　　A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. 　　Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability . 　　My job as a police pfficer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external control on peoples behavior is far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment. 　　Fortunately there are still communities smaller towns, usually where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: 　　In this family certain things are not tolerated they simply are not done! 　　Yet more and more, especially in our large cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him. 　　The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, its the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didnt teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didnt provide a stable home. 话题英语作文 篇5 　　MyEnglishTeacher MissWangismyEnglishteacher.She"sverypretty.Sheisshortandthin.Shehastwobigeyesandasmallmouth.Herhairsarelong.Shelikescatsverymuch.Andshelikessinginganddancing,too.HerEnglishisverygood.WeoftenplaygamesinEnglishclasses.Sheisverykind.Weallloveher. 　　【要领点评】 　　这篇作文的题目是“我的英语老师”，是一篇介绍人物的作文。小作者开门见山，直接点题，首先介绍了英语老师的.姓名，然后逐一介绍了她的外貌特征、喜好、英语水平、上课特点以及师生情感等。 　　小朋友们在写作文时，要注意使用自己最熟悉的词[组]，以免写出一些错句子。写作时要注意意思连贯、语句通顺、标点正确、书写清晰、规范等。 　　MyDaysoftheweek 　　I"mastudentandIaminGrade5.Igetupatsixo"clockeveryday.Ihavebreakfastathalfpastsix,andgotoschoolatseveno"clock.IhaveclassesfromMondaytoFriday.IhaveanEnglishclassonFriday.IhaveaPEclassonTuesday.IusuallygoshoppingandwatchTVontheweekend. 　　【要领点评】 　　这篇作文的题目是“我的一周”，小作者没有说一些空话，而是从自己的亲身经历写起，叙述了自己一周七天的所作所为,写得自然、流畅。 　　小朋友们写作文时要注意人称及谓语动词的变化，要依据提示，结合自己的实际，写自己身边熟悉的事情。 　　MyFavouriteFood 　　Doyouknowwhatthisis?Itscolourisyellow.It"slongandthin.Itlookslikeasmallboat.Guess!Whatisit?Oh,itisabanana.Doyouknowwhatthatis?Guessagain!Itscolourisorange.It"sround.Itlookslikeasmallballandasmalllantern.Oh,itisanorange.Ilikethemverymuch.Ilikeice-creams,too.Chocolatesandcandiesareyummy.Ilikethemverymuch. 　　Howaboutyou?What"syourfavouritefood? 　　【要领点评】 　　MyFavouriteFood是一篇很成功的文章，小作者并不是简单地列举出自己最喜欢的每一种食物，而是有详有略地进行介绍。整篇文章用词准确、语言流畅、没有语法错误。另外，文章中出现了一些生词，可见小作者是用心查字典了。 话题英语作文 篇6 　　Dear teacher, 　　How times flies! I have to say goodbye to you now. Thank you, my dear teacher. 　　Youre one of the best teachers in our school. You teach us so well. You often help me with my studies. When Im in trouble, you always give good advice. With your help, Ive made much progress in my studies. Im lucky to be your student. 　　Ill never forget you. No matter where Im going, well be together forever. 　　Best wishes 　　Yours, 　　Robert/Emma

一种修辞手法：移就. 下面介绍一些英语作文中常用的修辞手法。 1. 比喻 (metaphor) 比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻： 明喻 (simile)： 用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如： O my love"s like a red, red rose. 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。 The man can"t be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。 He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。 Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream. 童年就像一场疾逝的梦。 暗喻 (metaphor)： 用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。例如： He has a heart of stone. 他有一颗铁石心肠。 The world is a stage. 世界是一个大舞台。 2. 换喻(metonymy) 用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the White House 代替美国政府或者总统， 用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol， 用the bar 来代替the legal profession，用 crown代替 king等。例如： His purse would not allow him that luxury. 他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。 The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。 He succeeded to the crown in 1848. 他在1848年继承了王位。 3. 提喻 (synecdoche) 指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如： He earns his bread by writing. 他靠写作挣钱谋生。 The farms were short of hands during the harvest season. 在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。 Australia beat Canada at cricket. 澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。 He is the Newton of this century. 他是这个世纪的牛顿。 4. 拟人 (personification) 把事物或者概念当作人或者具备人的品质的写法叫拟人。例如： My heart was singing. 我的心在歌唱。 This time fate was smiling to him. 这一次命运朝他微笑了。 The flowers nodded to her while she passed. 当她经过的时候花儿向她点头致意。 The wind whistled through the trees. 风穿过树丛，树叶哗哗作响。 5. 委婉 (euphemism) 用温和的、间接的词语代替生硬的、粗俗的词语，以免直接说出不愉快的事实冒犯别人或者造成令人窘迫、沮丧的局面。例如： 用to fall asleep; to cease thinking; to pass away; to go to heaven; to leave us 代替 to die 用senior citizens代替old people 用 a slow learner或者an under achiever代替a stupid pupil 用weight watcher代替 fat people 用mental hospital 代替 madhouse或者 asylum 用emotionally disturbed代替mad 用washroom, men"s / women"s room代替 lavatory 用 handicapped代替 crippled 用low income brackets; underprivileged; disadvantaged 代替 poor people 6. 双关 (pun) 用同音异义或者一词二义来达到诙谐幽默的效果：表面上是一个意思，而实际上却暗含另一个意思，这种暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。例如： A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (arms可指手臂或者武器) 一发炮弹打断了他的腿，所以他缴械投降了。 “Can I try on that gown in the window?” asked a would-be customer. “Certainly not, madam!” replied the salesman. 我可以试穿一下橱窗里的那件睡袍吗？或者：我可以在橱窗里试穿那件睡袍吗？ Seven days without water make one weak (week). 七天没有水使一个人虚弱。或者：七天没有水就是一周没有水。 7. 反语 (irony) 使用与真正意义相反的词，正话反说或者反话正说，从对立的角度运用词义来产生特殊的效果。下面就是莎士比亚的戏剧 Julius Caesar 中的一个运用反语的很好的例子，Brutus出于野心刺杀了 Caesar, Caesar 的好友Antony 讥讽Brutus 说： Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest— For Brutus is an honorable man; So are they all, all honorable men— Come I to speak in Caesar"s funeral. He was my friend, faithful and just to me: But Brutus says he was ambitious; And Brutus is an honorable man. 在 Antony 的话里反复使用 honorable这个词就是一个反语的例子。 8. 矛盾修饰 (oxymoron) 把相互矛盾的两个词用在一起的修辞方法。它利用词义表面的相互矛盾使表层的不和谐统一在思想内容的深层，从而揭示事物对立统一的本质特征，达到加深印象的目的。例如： She read the long-awaited letter with a tearful smile. 她带着含泪的微笑读那封盼望已久的信。 The coach had to be cruel to be kind to his trainees.教练为了对他的受训者仁慈就要对他们残酷。 During his useful life he often felt he was useless. 在他大有作为的一生中他老是感到自己无用。 其他还有sweet pain; thunderous silence; luxurious poverty; heavy lightness; living death; impossible hope 等等。 9. 轭式搭配 (zeugma) 把适用于某一事物的词语顺势用到另外一事物上的方法。在同一个句子里一个词可以修饰或者控制两个或更多的词，它可以使语言活泼，富有幽默感。例如： She opened the door and her heart to the homeless boy. 她对那无家可归的男孩打开了房门，也敞开了胸怀。 As I left home after breakfast, I shivered inwardly as well as outwardly. 早餐之后我离开家的时候，我的里里外外都在颤抖。 I would my horse had the speed of your tongue. 我希望我的马能有你的舌头的速度。 10. 移位修饰(transferred epithet) 将本应该用来修饰某一类名词的修饰语用来修饰另一类名词。例如： There was a short, thoughtful silence. 出现了一阵短暂的、令人沉思的寂静。 The old man put a reassuring hand on my shoulder. 老人把一只令人安心的手放在我的肩膀上。 He closed his busy life at the age of sixty. 在六十岁时他结束了他那忙碌的一生。 This is the cheapest market in this country. 这是这个国家最便宜的市场了。 11. 头韵 (alliteration) 两个或者更多的词以相同的音韵或者字母开头就构成头韵。例如： proud as a peacock blind as a bat safe and sound Long and loudly little Lily laughed. 小莉莉长时间地、大声地笑着。 The windows waved violently in the wind. 窗户在风中剧烈地摇动。 The sun sank slowly. 太阳慢慢地下沉。 12. 渐进 (climax) 根据事物的逻辑关系，由小到大，由轻到重，由浅到深，由低到高，由少到多依次渐进地进行描述或论述。这种整齐的结构可以使人们的思想认识一层层深化提高，增强语言的感染力和说服力。例如： I came; I saw; I conquer. 我来了；我看到了；我征服。 Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实；交谈使人机智；写作使人精确。 Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 书有可浅尝者，有可吞咽者，更有少数须消化咀嚼者。 Lincoln recognized worth in the common people; he loved the common people; he fought for the common people; and he died for the common people. 林肯认识到平民大众的价值；他热爱平民大众；他为平民大众而斗争；他为平民大众而献身

英语的实词不但多义，而且同一词还可以属一种以上的词类。此外，从一种词类又可以转化为另一种词类，其中以⒈名词转化为动词、⒉动词转化为名词以及⒊形容词转化为动词，这三种最为普遍、最为生动。转化后的词具有该词基本的特性，因此转化名词有如真正名词，转化动词就像真正动词。 ⒈名词→动词 ① The workers found Bob"s attitude hard to stomach. ② The parachutist had to nerve himself for the jump from his helicopter. ③ A few poor children had been dogging the tourists for some time. ④ Tuition schools have mushroomed for the last two years. ⑤ The traitor was knifed and stoned to death. ⑥ I leafed through a few pages of the book to see what it was about. ⑦ Personality clashes surfaced among some rival leaders. ⑧ Tom elbowed his way through the crowd. ⑨ It is impolite to ape one"s superiors. ⑩ Delicious food made our mouths water. ⒉动词→名词 ① The innocent girl was having a good cry. ② Active people are always on the go. ③ I often have a quiet read before going to bed. ④ People from all walks of life condemned a bad government. ⑤ Famine came in the wake of the drought. ⑥ The manager gave some lazy workers the sack. ⑦ Let me take a good look at these photos. ⑧ A visit to the Jurong Bird Park is a must for any tourist. ⑨ War is loathed by the haves and the have-nots. ⑩ If you have anything to discuss with me, don"t hesitate to give me a ring. ⒊形容词→动词 ① Don"t idle away your precious time. ② Father"s hair begins to grey. ③ How to quiet a fretful child? ④ We have no intention of seeing an innocent person humbled. ⑤ Something must be done to better the life of the underprivileged. ⑥ Language skills can be perfected by constant practice and regular reinforcement. ⑦ The robber wanted his victim to empty his pockets. ⑧ When the enemy"s ships neared the land, our soldiers began to attack. ⑨ The man"s muscles tensed as he saw the snake approaching him. ⑩ The hot weather soured the fresh milk. 此外，有些形容词和其他词类也可以转化为名词。例如： ① The strong tend to bully the weak. ② Poor innocents deserve our greatest sympathy. ③Richard looked like a silly in such a situation. ④ The secretary knows the ins and outs of the matter. ⑤ Do you know the whys and wherefores of the accident? ⑥ Though a rich man now, Peter"s earlier life was marked by ups and downs. 上述这些转化名词，并未具有名词全部的特性。例如“the strong”和“the weak”形式是单数，意思是复数。还有④-⑥这些转化名词既有复数之形，也具复数之意。

极地特快：Rarely does a movie let you forget who you are and become the main character. This is one of those rare movies.The movie starts out with a story that every Santa believer experienced. On Christmas eve a boy in Grand Rapids Michigan has reached the age where the statistical impossibility in the Santa story ( the size and speed of Santa"s sleigh, the north pole being a barren wasteland) are causing him to doubt the big mans existence. Not knowing for sure the boy drifts into a deep sleep. At 11:55 PM the boy is awakened by the arrival of the Polar Express literally outside his front door. Going to investigate what is going on the boy meets the witty conductor of the Christmas eve train. (Tom Hanks)who informs him that the train is headed to the north pole so the kids can meet Santa Clause. Not totally sure that the train is going to the north pole but to curious to let it go the boy climbs on board. The adventure puts the boy in contact with a girl who is a natural born leader and who"s belief in the Christmas magic couldn"t be stronger. Other characters include a know it all socially awkward boy, a young underprivileged loner who has never experienced the magic of Christmas and a cast of other more mysterious characters such a a hobo ghost. Through the adventure the combination of great music, flawless animation and fantastic dialog really make you believe you are there and let you relive those days when you thought Santa Clause just might exist. The story ends on Christmas day with a line (narrated by Tom Hanks) about belief that brings back those kid on Christmas eve chills all over again. The themes of belief and friendship are a strong theme in the movie and part of the magic that brings you back to a time when you did believe.Its a great movie for children and adults alike and rekindles the Christmas magic that us adults lost many years ago.

　　在平时的学习、工作或生活中，大家都不可避免地会接触到作文吧，借助作文可以提高我们的语言组织能力。你所见过的作文是什么样的呢？下面是我整理的话题英语作文7篇，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。 话题英语作文 篇1 　　There was an earthquake in Ya"an at about 8 o"clock on April 20, 20xx. Many houses fell down. 192 people were killed and more than10,000 people were hurt. After the earthquake, the doctors, nurses, firemen and volunteers from all over the country hurried to the scene and tried to cure the survivors. Some businesses donated many things such as clothes, food, water and medicine to the local people. Some pop stars organized charity shows to raise money. The local government took action actively to search for more lost people and helped them out of sadness. I hope the people there can cheer up and rebuild their homes as soon as possible. We must try our best to help them. 　　20xx年4月20日八点，雅安发生了地震。许多房屋倒塌。192人死亡，超过10000人受伤。地震后，各地的医生、护士、消防队员和志愿者赶到现场，试图治愈幸存者。有些企业捐赠了许多东西，比如衣服、食品、水和药品等，给当地人民。一些流行歌星举办慈善演出，以筹集资金。当地政府积极采取行动寻找更多失去的人，并帮助他们走出悲伤。我希望那里的人们能尽快振作起来，尽快重建家园。我们必须尽力帮助他们。 话题英语作文 篇2 　　There is a story that an old woman always feels unhappy, because when the sun comes out, she worries about her daughter"s business, because the girl sells umbrella. But when it rains, she stills feels unhappy for she worries about her another daugther"s business. People tell her to change his point of view, when the it is fine, she ca dn feel happy about her second daughter"s business and when it rains, she can be happy about her first daughter"s business. 　　In that way, she will be a positive woman every day. We can"t change the f vdact, but w de can treat things in another way, so that we can be positive all the time. 话题英语作文 篇3 　　The best way of relaxing yourself 　　traveling is moer and more popular in the modern world.it helps us open our eyes and learn knowledge differden places.so i thing traveling is helpful for us. 　　when we are free during the holiday ,we can go to some beautiful places to relax ourselves .w hile we are in different pleaces ,we will have a wonderful feeling in all we see,there we can eat all kinds of delicious food,visit many places of interest or something else. 　　on the other hand ,traveling will help us learn lots of local cultures ,people"s lives there ,sometimes you can make some new friends,it also can make your life colorful.to us students mwe can relax ourselves from the busy studying life,we can use these experiences in our studying. 　　so if you have time ,traveling is the best way to relax yourself the more places you travel,the mare you will learn. 话题英语作文 篇4 　　 现在大城市都流行过西方的节日，如圣诞节、愚人节等，请对这一现象发表你的看法 。 　　Nowadays, there appears a phenomenon that the western customs are spreading into the east countries step by step, thus making many inhabitants who live in big cities enjoy themselves on these western festivals such as Christmas Day, April Fool"s Day, etc. Such phenomenon shows us that the world people are getting close gradually and the world is becoming smaller and smaller as well. Therefore, in my opinion, it"s a normal phenomenon s well as a necessary trend. 　　First of all, it shows that we Chinese have become much opener rather than clinging to some very old customs, which are opposite our living. Looking back on the history, we can find the answer to why our China was very poor and weak in the 1800"s. Yes, the answer is that we closed ourselves not to let other countries know about us, and this led us to a very hard road on which we suffered many wars that many European countries launched. So I think it is more than necessary to accept other customs instead of closing ourselves. Of course, festivals are just the beginning. 　　What"s more, the Open and Reform Policy results in this. So I want to say it is a great achievement for the policy. Since we took the policy into practice, our country is developing with a rapid speed. No doubt it is an essential trend. 　　Last but not the least, we may get closer and closer not only to our home friends but also to many foreigners. We can never feel embarrassed for not knowing the other"s customs and manners. And more misunderstandings can be avoided as well. 　　To sum up, the trend has its great advantage to a certain extent. However, if we admire the western customs too much, it will be a disadvantage because China is our own country, all of us should enjoy a patriotic heart. Wish in the near future, we can see the situation that westerners are enjoying themselves on the Spring Festival. 　　如今，有出现一个现象，西方习俗蔓延到东部的国家一步一步，从而使那些生活在大城市的许多居民享受自己这些西方的`节日，如圣诞节，愚人节，等现象告诉我们，世界人民逐渐接近世界正变得越来越小，以及。因此，在我看来，这是一种正常现象，也是一种必然趋势。 　　首先，这说明我们中国人已经变得更加开放，而不是依附于一些非常古老的风俗习惯，而这正是我们生活的反面。回顾历史，我们可以找到答案对为什么我们中国是非常贫穷和软弱1800。是的，答案是，我们封闭自己，不让其他国家了解我们，这LED我们一个非常硬路，我们遭受了许多战争，许多欧洲国家推出。所以我认为这是必要的，以接受其他习俗，而不是关闭自己。当然，节日只是一开始。 　　更为开放和改革的政策结果。所以我想说，这是一个伟大的成就的政策。既然我们采取了政策，我国正迅速发展。毫无疑问这是一个基本趋势。 话题英语作文 篇5 　　A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do not 　　A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. 　　Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability . 　　My job as a police pfficer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external control on peoples behavior is far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment. 　　Fortunately there are still communities smaller towns, usually where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: 　　In this family certain things are not tolerated they simply are not done! 　　Yet more and more, especially in our large cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him. 　　The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, its the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didnt teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didnt provide a stable home. 话题英语作文 篇6 　　happiness means different things to different people. for example, some people believe that if they have lots of money, they will be happy. they believe that if they are wealthy, they will be able to do anything they want, which means happiness. on the other hand, some people believe that holding a high position in the government is happiness. in this way, you have not onlymoney, but also many other things which can＇t be bought by money. however, other people believe that having lots of money is not happiness nor is holding a high position in the government. these people value their beliefs, or their intelligence, or their health. they think these can make them happy. for me, happiness is closely tied to my studies, my work and my family. when i made great progress in my studies, when i made contributions to the society through my work, when all the members in my family live in harmony, sharing good and sad times, i was happy. although the definition of happiness depends on each individual my "wealth" of happiness is in my studies, my work, and my family. 话题英语作文 篇7 　　After going to the middle school, I have less time to play outside the school, because I always have a lot of homework to do. Though my leisure time is shorter, I still keep on after-class reading. Many years ago, my Chinese teacher introduced many classic books to us, I bought them and read them all, I fell in love with reading these books, I would be immerged in the stories. Reading these books helps me a lot, I have improved my writing skill. When I saw the topics, my mind will come out a lot of ideas, I have things to enrich my paper. What"s more, I also broaden my vision.

英语中特殊的常用字眼 在美国有许多常用的字眼，往往使学习英语的中国人感到不解。举一些例子供大家参考。 1. Head Start 如果这两个字开头的字母是大写，则连在一起是一个专有名词，指的是美国政府为贫穷或弱智的儿童设立的一种训练机构，帮助他们，希望他们在进小学之前能赶上教学进度。也就是：U.S . government tries to give extra － help for those underprivileged children before entering first grade. (underprivileged 比poor 更委婉些)例如：Many poor parents send their children to Head Start.　　但是如果head start的字母是小写，那么就是普通名词了，是指比?e人早着手，或、有利，即：advance start or advantage例如：To know more colloquial expressions is a head start in learning English. (了解更多的俗语对学习英语有好处。)　　2. blue blood　　是指有钱人或出身富家的人 (rich or wealthy people)　　例如：　　Some people do not want to admit that they have blue blood. (有些人不愿承认自己是富家出身。)　　Many blue blooded children attend this private school. (许多有钱人家的孩子就读这所私立学校。)　　3. bed of roses　　意思是称心如意的境遇；美好、理想的"安乐窝"(everything seems to be wonderful)　　例如：Life is not always a bed of roses. (生活未必都是称心如意的。)　　4. from soup to nuts　　意思是从头到尾，自始至终；或是一应俱全，完整详尽（多半是指物品方面）。　　例如：　　This store sells everything from soup to nuts. (这家商店出售的货品一应俱全。)　　My office is supplied from soup to nuts. (我办公室里的用品十分齐全。)　　但是如果指知识丰富的话，则不用这个词，而是通常用 from A to Z来表达，。　　例如：　　Mr. Greenspan knows economics from A to Z. (格林斯潘先生在经济方面的知识非常丰富。)　　5. off-limits　　意思是禁止入?龋幌拗平?龌虿蛔际褂茫?簿褪枪乇 (closed or not available)　　例如：　　The library will be off-limits to the public until re-carpeting project is completed. (新地毯铺好之前，图书馆闭馆。)　　The teachers have the use of a john that is off-limits to students.（学生不得使用教师厕所。） (john小写的时候才是指厕所。)　　6. real bomb　　在口语里是指在公众场所或舞台上表演失败或表现欠佳。通常与 real用在一起。　　例如：　　The show was a real bomb, so I cut out early. （这个剧很糟糕，所以我提前退场了。cut out = leave）　　如果 bomb 作名词用，意思就是炸弹；作动词，则是轰炸，或失败、极坏的意思。(very bad)　　例如：　　A U.S. fighter dropped a bomb over Iraq. (一架美国轰炸机往伊拉克扔了一颗炸弹)　　（作名词）= A U.S. fighter bombed Iraq. （作动词）　　值得注意的是："real bomb"有?r也指"真正的炸弹"。　　例如：　　The police found a real bomb in the building. （警察在建筑物中发现了一颗真炸弹）

翻译是语际交流过程中沟通不同语言的桥梁。英汉翻译就是把英语文章的信息，即思想内容和表现手法，用汉语忠实地表达出来，使汉语读者能得到和英语读者大致相同的感受。这种感受是衡量译文质量优劣的尺度，即翻译的标准。 一般来说，翻译的标准主要有两条：忠实和通顺。1)忠实 是指忠实于原文所要传递的信息，也就是说，把原文的信息完整而准确地表达出来，使译文读者得到的信息与原文读者得到的信息大致相同。 例1�He had words with her. 〔误〕：他和她谈过话了。 〔正〕：他和她吵架了。 〔注释〕：have a word with sb.与某人谈话，而have words with sb.与某人吵架。 例2�We shall not want for food. 〔误〕：我们不想什么食品。 〔正〕：我们不会缺乏食品。 〔注释〕：want vt.想要，想得到；want for缺乏。2)通顺 是指译文规范、明白易懂，没有文理不通、结构混乱、逻辑不清的现象。 例1�Historically, city life has always been among the elements which form a civilization. 〔原译〕：历史上看，城市生活一直是构成文明的方面之列。 〔改译〕：从历史上看，城市生活始终是文明的一个组成部分。 例2. Supporters of the "nature" theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. 〔原译〕："天性"论的支持者坚持，我们出生时带有某种学习能力，这种学习能力从生物学上讲已是被确定了的。 〔改译〕：支持"天性"论的人坚持说，我们生来就具有一定的学习能力，这是由生物因素决定的。 3)忠实与通顺的关系：忠实是通顺的基础，通顺是忠实的保证。不忠实于原文而片面追求译文的通顺，则译文就失去自身的价值，成为无源之水，无本之木，也就不成其译文了。但是，不通顺的译文，使读者感到别扭，也必然影响对原文的准确表达，因而也就谈不上忠实了。可见，忠实与通顺是对立的统一，两者的关系反映了内容与形式的一致性。所以，我们说，忠实是译文质量的基础，而通顺则是译文质量的保证。 在研究生英语入学考试阅卷时，我们发现，有的译文与原文意思相悖，也有的译文文理不通，影响了对原文意思的准确表达。 例1�The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill�informed or incompetent users. 〔原译〕：这个目标是错误的，因为批评家们转移了视线，把错误归于信息不通或技术不佳的使用者。 〔改译〕：把标准化考试作为抨击目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来自使用者对测试不甚了解或使用不当。 例2�For example, they don"t compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favourable circumstances. 〔原译〕：例如，它们不能弥补整个社会的不平等现象，因此也不能说明如在更合适的情况下，生活条件不利的年轻人怎样才能成长。 〔改译〕：例如，测试并不弥补明显的社会不公；因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。打字不易，如满意，望采纳。

本句中had he grown up under more favorable circumstances 属于部分倒装。正常语序为：if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances。在正式文体中，可以将虚拟条件句中的if 省略，并将助动词提前。

雅思词汇是雅思考试的基础，没有词汇量的积累在考试中几乎寸步难行。但听说读写各不相同，所需要掌握的重点词汇也有很大的区别，方法上也大相径庭，为了帮助大家理解，下面小编专门针对雅思写作用词浅谈几句，希望对大家有所帮助。1. 在词汇的多样性方面，同学们可以学着同义替换，积累各大话题重点词汇。关于雅思写作词汇这项评分标准，要求大家在使用词汇时做到“a wide range”, 即灵活的使用词汇，避免单一重复无变化，比如important这个词，咱们就可以替换成vital，pivotal, crucial, critical等; poor则可以替换成needy, disadvantageous, underprivileged, indigent, poverty-stricken，impoverished等。使用同义词的好处是可以向考官展示自己丰富的词汇量及掌握不同词汇的能力，也可以使文章语汇富有变化。因此，同学们可以参考一下笔者归纳的雅思写作高频词汇，学会高频形容词，高频动词等的替换。但是，有些单词往往找不到很多同义词，甚至一个同义词也没有，所以可以对其进行具体的解释说明。此外，雅思写作总共涵盖十类话题，如教育类，科技类，环境类等，需要大家在平时的阅读中积累相应词汇，笔者也为大家总结了雅思写作十大话题的重点词汇，同学们可以分类记忆。2.在词汇的准确性方面，同学们应该学着区分同义词。有些词表面上意思相近，但是却不能直接替换。比如在这个句子里，“I am so boring that I decide to go shopping”，boring这个词的使用就不正确，而是应该用bored，表示感到无聊的，感到厌烦的。Boring和bored都有无聊的意思，但是他们的用法存在着什么样的差异呢？ 要弄清楚这两个词的差别，咱们可以先来看看bore这个动词在字典里的英文意思：“if someone or something bores you, you find them dull and uninteresting”,中文翻译过来是令人厌烦和无聊。boring 是bore的现在分词，表示主动，字典里中文解释是“无聊的，无趣的，令人厌烦的，单调的，乏味的”，英文解释是“if someone or something is boring, they are so dull and uninteresting that they make people tired and impatient”. 例句：This book is boring。而Bored是bore的过去分词，表示被动，它的中文解释是“感到无聊的，感到厌烦的”，字典里英文解释是“if you feel bored, you feel tired and impatient because you have lost interest in something or because you have nothing to do”。例句：Some people are bored and plan to come home.由此，咱们可以看出这两个词的区别。咱们还可以举个例子来进一步说明这两个词的区别，This boring diet plan makes me bored. 这个无聊的饮食计划让我觉得很无聊。从其他一些例子也不难看出在雅思写作中区分同义词或同义短语和词组的必要性。a large number of 和a large amount of 都有“很多，大量”的意思，但是不能混为一谈，前者后加可数名词，后者加不可数名词。对于这些细微的区别，大家在写作时一定要注意。另外，雅思写作中有的学生对worth， worthy 和worthwhile这三个词的用法也不太明白，同学们也可以通过查阅字典，分析例句来区分一下这几个词。另外，在区分同义词时，同学们需要注意到一些同义词在程度、感情色彩上也有不同。某些单词是有褒贬义的区分的，比如“瘦”可以用slender，slim，lean，thin，underweight，gaunt，lanky，skinny等来表达，而slender表示“苗条”是褒义的，thin却带一点贬义，underweight则是中性的词。“胖”不是只能用fat来表达，fat其实是不太礼貌的，除了它以外，我们还可以用“obese, overweight, stout, plump, corpulent, rotund，chubby”等来表达, 口语中还可以用“big, heavy”等。除此之外，有些学生在使用词汇时，也没考虑词性的问题，经常把形容词和名词混用，如 difficult和 difficulty，或者该用副词的地方却用成了形容词。还有其他一些词，如effect和affect都有影响的意思，但是作“影响”讲时前者是名词，后者是动词，学生经常将这两个词混淆，直接替换，造成词性不当的问题。雅思写作词汇还要求用词要正式，不能使用过于口语化的词汇，比如a lot of或lots of表示“很多”，在口语中使用是没有什么问题的，但是用于雅思写作却不太正式。用folks来替换parents，guys来替换people，或者coz替换because等都是不正确的。3. 那么，怎样才能记住更多的词汇，学会正确的用词呢？同学们可以通过阅读来提高词汇的多样性和准确性。事实上，中、英文并不是能够完全对等起来的，不是所有的英语词汇都有相应的汉语表达，也就是说，在中文或英文当中，总是会有一些不能译成英文或中文的词。由于在练习写作的初期，大部分学生仍然是通过“翻译”的方式来完成每次写作任务，换句话说，在写作构思过程中，他们头脑中所想到的全是中文的句子或者单词等，而下笔时则要求自己用英文表达，所以导致了中译英直译和中式英语表达的问题。因此，在学习过程中有意识的多输入一些英文单词、词组和句子，让其留存在头脑中，有意识的去培养用英语思考的习惯，无疑对写作是很有帮助的。总之，建议大家多阅读，多思考，多积累。有些学生在备考时花去大量时间来背单词，这样不是不可以，只不过效果因人而异。与其抱着词汇书死记硬背，不如多动手查查字典，通过字典里例句的上下文语境理解在写作时遇到的拿不准的单词。尽管电子辞典和有道等涵盖了大部分英文词汇的中文解释，但是我们不能依赖单纯的汉语译意，否则我们可能会被中文的解释误导，使我们在用词时只是注重词汇本身意思，而没有考虑到它是否正式和准确。而字典里收录的单词的解释比较详尽，例句也比较丰富，可以帮助我们避免用词不当的情况。笔者当初出国留学时，也是背了厚厚的一本牛津高阶英汉双解字典和朗文大字典踏上了异国的土地。每次写论文遇到用词问题时，我都尝试着只看单词的英文解释，这样更有利于我们积累和理解词汇，学会准确恰当的使用词汇。因此，请和电子辞典，有道，金山词霸等说再见，学着去爱纸质字典，养成经常查字典的好习惯。

英语倒装句和分割结构的翻译技巧 倒装和分割结构 为了强调句子的某些部分，或是为了保持句子平衡，英语中常常使用倒装。大体说来，倒装可以分为主谓倒装和非主谓倒装。主谓倒装里又分为完全倒装和部分倒装。在翻译的时候，既可以按照主谓语的顺序翻译，也可以按照字面意思翻译。非主谓倒装只是将强调部分前置，以保持句子平衡或是起强调作用。翻译时可以采用顺序译法或是倒序译法。 　　1. For example, they do not compensate for social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 　　分析：本句中had he grown up under more favorable circumstances 属于部分倒装。正常语序为：if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances。在正式文体中，可以将虚拟条件句中的if 省略，并将助动词提前。 　　译文：例如，它们（指测试）并不弥补社会的不公，因此不能说明一个贫困青年，要是在比较有利的境况下长大，会有多大才干。 　　2. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday"s “baby boom” generation reached its child-bearing years. 　　分析：该句中so did bigger crops of babies 属于语法倒装。用so 来代替前述肯定句谓语部分所说情况。 　　译文：不间断的移民浪潮也起了作用——而且随着昔日在“生育高峰期”出生的一代人达到生育年龄，婴儿的出生数量增加了，这同样起了作用。 　　3. Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job. 　　分析：该句的Much as I have traveled是一个由as 引导的让步状语从句。相当于though I have traveled much，但语气要比后者强。这种结构要求部分倒装。 　　译文：我虽然见多识广，但还从未见过比她细心的人，不管什么职业。 　　4. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar can you write correctly. 　　分析：相信大家对这种结构都不陌生。Only后加副词、介词、状语从句时要用部分倒装。但是要注意的是，如果only修饰的不是状语，则不用倒装。 　　译文：只有很好地掌握了语法知识，写出来的东西才会正确。 　　5. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West. 分析：当句首是否定副词或含有否定词的词语时，一般要部分倒装。 　　译文：1980年哪里的人口普查统计资料也不如远西地区的更能生动地说明美国人对宽敞的生活环境的追求。 　　6. Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him. 　　分析：hardly…when 的结构表示“刚…就…”。含有这种结构的句子常将 hardly 置于句首，而采用部分倒装的语序。此外，hardly 分句中一般采用过去完成时，而 when（或 before）分句中使用过去时。还有，与 hardly…when…结构类似的用法还有 barely (scarcely)…when… 　　译文：他刚开始讲，听众就打断了他的话。 　　7. To such length did she go in rehearsal that two actors walked out. 　　分析：such…that 结构可将such或含有such 的词组放在句首，使全句采用部分倒装。与此用法类似的还有so…that结构。 　　译文：她在排演中搞得太过分，以致两名男演员退出不干了。 　　8. Certain it is that all essential processes of plant growth and development occur in water. 　　分析：本句为表语前置，表示强调。正常语序应为：It is certain that…。 　　译文：植物发育生长的全部基本过程当然是在水中发生的。 　　9. We rally should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 　　分析：这两句话是为了使上下文紧密衔接，从而将第二个并列分句的表语前置。 　　译文：我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋，而且还会继续是穷光蛋。 　　10. Then, down the crowed thoroughfare comes the University of Cambridge"s most distinctive vehicle, bearing its most distinguished citizen. 　　分析：正常语序应为：The vehicle came down the thoroughfare。为使语言生动形象，文学作品中常用这类倒装。在翻译时要尽量翻译出原句的语言效果。这里bear=carry。 　　译文：从拥挤的街道上驶来了一辆剑桥大学最有特色的车，车上坐着学校最的人物。 　　语法关系密切的两个句子成分被其他句子成分分隔的现象称为分割结构。英语中，分割结构的类型是多种多样的。例如，英语句子的主语和谓语一般都紧密相联，它们之间很少插入介词等比较长的结构。但是，在有些情况下，或是为了保持句子的平衡，避免头重脚轻；或是为了语义严密，结构紧凑，在主语和谓语之间有时也会插入其他成分。此外，还有定语（或定语从句）与其中心词被分隔；某些词语与其所要求的介词被分隔；动词与其宾语被分隔；介词与其宾语被分隔等等。总之，英语的分割应遵循尾重原则（应把长而复杂的成分放在句末，使结构匀称）和句尾信息焦点原则（把新信息，即语意重点放在句末）。同时，在阅读时要注意找出原来属于一个整体部分的意义。 1. Most novelists and historians writing in the early to mid-twentieth century who considered women in the West, when they considered women at all, fell under Turner"s spell. 　　分析：本句的主干结构是：Most novelists and historians…fell under Turner"s spell. Turner 是美国历史学家。under a spell：被迷住，着迷。writing in the early to mid-twentieth century who considered women in the West, when they considered women at all 修饰主语，起分割主谓的作用。而其中的状语从句when they considered women at all 是定语从句who considered women in the West中的状语成分。 　　译文：从本世纪初到本世纪中叶从事写作的小说家和历史学家只要描写妇女，就会描述西部妇女，而且都被特纳迷住。 　　2. Abraham Lincoln is the most famous instance of the claim that Americans often made that in their country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest position. 　　分析：the claim 和其同位语 that in their country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest position 被 the claim 的定语从句that Americans often made 分割。同位语从句在翻译时可按照顺序翻译，将其翻译为分句。 　　译文：美国人常认为，在他们国家，一个人的地位可以从社会最底层上升到社会最上层，亚伯拉罕·林肯就是极好的例子。 　3. In the last eight years there were difficult, almost non-stop negotiations and reported threats of failure, ultimately overcome by a combination of creative compromise and stubborn determination—indeed, some call it unprecedented determination—to succeed. 　　分析：本句的主干结构是：…there were negotiations and…threats of failure。“overcome by…”是过去分词短语，修饰 threats of failure。stubborn determination 和其定语动词不定式“to succeed”被“indeed, some call it unprecedented determination”分割。 　　译文：在最后的八年里，进行了艰苦卓绝的、几乎是不间断的谈判，其间屡经失败之虞，但最终通过创造性的协调和要取得成功的顽强决心——确实有人称之为前所未有的决心——而渡过难关，取得了胜利。 4. The discovery of surplus value suddenly threw light on the problem, in trying to solve which all previous investigations, of both bourgeois economists and social critics, had been groping in the dark. 分析：in trying to solve插在 the problem 和定语从句which…之间，起到承上启下的作用。of both bourgeois economists and social critics为investigations 的后置定语，起到分割作用。 　　译文：由于剩余价值的发现，使问题明朗化了。而先前，无论资产阶级经济学家还是社会批评家所从事的一切研究都只是在黑暗中摸索。 　　5. A better knowledge of China"s civilization would lay open to us an empire of learning, hitherto fabulously described. 　　分析：lay open 和 an empire of learning 被介词短语 to us 分割。本句选自英国前首相撒切尔夫人1982年在中国欢迎宴会上的讲话。翻译时要注意转译的应用。如把“better”译为副词“更好地”。 　　译文：更好地了解中国的文明，将为我们打开一个知识的王国，对这个王国迄今只有神话般的描述。 　　6. It is the insistence, as a first consideration, upon the interdependence of the various elements in, and parts of, the United States—a recognition of the old and permanently important manifestation of the American spirit of the pioneer. 　　分析：insistence 后接upon the interdependence of the various elements in, and parts of, the United States, 中间被插入语as a first consideration 分割，做进一步说明。该句选自美国前总统罗斯福在1933年的就职演说。汉语中动词用得较多，翻译时可把名词转译为动词。 　　译文：我们首先应考虑的是，坚持美国国内各种因素之间、各个部分之间的相互依赖关系——即承认体现传统的和永远重要的美国开拓精神。 　　7. Old Henry and his wife Phoebe were as fond of each other as it is possible for two old people to be who have nothing else in this life to be fond of. 　　分析：连词as 引导的比较状语从句中，it 代替for two old people to be。to be 后省略了fond of each other。to be 做分割成分。 　　译文：象两位老人一生中没有其他什么东西可爱而彼此相爱一样，老亨利和他的妻子芬比也互相爱慕。 　　8. As they grow old, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons: lack of physical and mental energy—both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away—and sentiment. 　　分析：该句包含了并列结构被分割的情况。lack of physical and mental energy和sentiment 是并列结构，作two other reasons的同位语。但是被非限定性定语从句both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away分割。 译文：人们随着日趋年迈，积存物品还有其他两个原因：一是缺乏体力和精神，两者在清理和扔掉无用之物时不可或缺，二是感情上的原因。 　　9. Those who believe in capital punishment may have arguments for its retention, but surely no reasonable argument can be found for retention of the sickening mumbo-jumbo that accompanies it from the moment that the judge dons the black cap with what looks like a pen-wiper balanced on the top of his wig, to the reading of the burial service over the condemned man before he is dead. 　　分析：这是一个由but引导的并列句。前一分句较简单，who引导的从句作those 的定语，but 后的从句较复杂，从句套从句，for retention…dead是argument的定语。因为它比较长，所以把谓语动词can be found放在它和argument之间，形成分割结构。该句较长，可以分为三层：第一层是those…retention，第二层是but…mumbo-jumbo，第三层是that accompanies…dead。基本上可采用顺序法翻译。 　　译文：那些相信死刑的人可能有保留死刑的理由，但是肯定找不到合理的论据来保留那令人厌恶的繁文缛节。这一套繁文缛节从法官戴上顶在假发上的擦笔布似的黑帽子宣判死刑之时开始，一直伴随到为被判处死刑的人在其毙命之前诵读葬礼祷文为止。 　　10. The second aspect is the application by all members of society, from the government official to the ordinary citizen, of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in the work. 　　分析：这是一个很典型的分割结构。主干结构是：The second aspect is the application…of the special methods of thought and action，application和修饰它的介词短语被一个长长的by短语分割。 　　译文：第二个方面是，社会上的一切成员，从政府部门中任工职的官员到普通公民，都应运用科学家们在研究工作中所采用的专门的思维方法和工作方法。

下面给大家提供一篇申请美国哈佛大学商学院mba的ESSAy范文及分析，希望对申请哈佛大学商学院的读者提供帮助。 Harvard Business School Essay:What are your three most substantial accomplishments and why do you view them as such? 1. During my third year in college, I set up the first student-run legal aid hotline in my city, offering legal assistance to female migrant workers, many of whom were plagued by domestic violence and unequal treatment in the workplace. Shocked by their situation when doing social work, I came up with the idea of a legal aid hotline. I recruited a team of law students, led the initial fundraising of $1500, and secured time commitment from our professors for legal advice. The hotline started operation two months later. The success of the first case was a huge encouragement. A young girl, who lost her finger in a work accident, was refused compensation by her employer, citing no formal contract. I spent months traveling across the city and going through papers to collect evidence of contractual relationship, and finally won her the deserved compensation. I continued to lead the hotline until my graduation, when it had grown to handle more than 400 calls a year and won funding from several Foundations. Fourth year in operation, it is now part of the largest NGO network in my province. This accomplishment fulfilled my dream of helping the underprivileged. 2. I was the only "amateur" of a seven-girl team that won the gold for women"s gymnastics in the Beijing University Games. After an injury in the team, the coach asked me to join because I was the "best amateur". But I quickly discovered the big gap with a professional. Seeing my teammates easily bend their legs over head or jump with a perfect split, I could barely keep up with their pace. I was extremely nervous to become a drag to the team, and ruin their "golden dream". So were my teammates. I begged the coach for extra intensive training in body flexibility. Everyday I trained two hours more than the team in the midst of heavy law curriculum. I got blisters on both feet and almost injured myself from forcing too hard on a split. The rest of the team gradually changed their attitude towards me and we bonded more closely. Four months later, I could perform as well as anyone else in the team. When we finally won first place, the team threw me in the air. Tears in my eyes, I could see big smile on everyone"s face. Through relentless effort I earned respect from the team and together we achieved the best. 3. In my second year as a consultant, I helped a multinational pharmaceutical company bring affordable medicine to more than one million people in rural China. The project was to find new growth areas for the company. Accustomed to "the usual ways of business", the client initially only focused on large cities. However, my experience told me that "capturing rural China" would not only pose a long-term growth opportunity, but also fill a major gap of medical supply in rural areas. I convinced the client to make "rural growth" a priority. The most challenging part was to design a cost-effective model to serve the vast and dispersed rural market. Having selected thirty representative rural areas, I led a client team across China to interview local distributors, pharmacies and hospitals. Armed with firsthand knowledge, I proposed a model using innovative tools like mobile clinics, makeshift workshops and promotion-on-the-van. We further backed up our ideas with concrete cost-benefit analysis. The CEO was impressed by the "local ways" of selling medicine. He authorized a pilot model in five areas across China. The initial results showed good financial return, but more importantly, brought access to quality medicine for over one million rural people. 点评： Three most substantial accomplishments(三个最重要的成就)是美国哈佛大学商学院mba申请essay最经典的题目，而且已经持续了多年。很多申请人看到这个题目都很头痛。第一，什么样的经历才能算是substantial accomplishment(重要成就)，如何选材成为一个难点;第二，文章限定是600字，那么每个小故事就只有200个字左右的空间来发挥，要求言辞简练精确而精彩。 这篇文章可以成为大多数尝试写HBS essay的申请者学习的范文。首先看作者的选材，3个小故事的选材非常全面：从内容上看，volunteer work(志愿者活动)，extracurricular work(课外活动)和professional work(专业领域)三个方面各取其一。从每个故事反映出来的作者的优秀品质上看：分别从社会责任感、坚忍不拔和创新性思维等多角度塑造出一个完整而优秀的人格形象。从三个故事的排列来看，作者把工作的例子放在最后是很用心的安排。 美国哈佛大学商学院的招生委员会每天读大量申请人的文章，关于工作的例子都大同小异，很难让他们眼前一亮。而于工作无关的事例才是真正能凸显作者的亮点，把新鲜的选材放在首位又能提起读者的兴趣。更重要的是，从整个申请材料的综合来考虑，读者可以看到作者的职业目标是要为中国的欠发达地区建立个人医疗体系，作者巧妙的用这一篇MBA申请essay的三个故事印证了自己要完成这个长远宏大的目标所需要具备的最重要的素质和品质。这样的选材和为整体申请材料服务的安排使得作者成功了一大半。作者的语言功底也不错，文字朴实简练，也是文章的一大优点。

　　让孩子们多看一些名人励志的简短 英语 故事 总是有好处的。下面我准备了名人励志的简短英语故事，希望对您有帮助！ 　　名人励志的简短英语故事篇1：成长不息 　　Sir Edmund Hillary is famous for being the first person to climb Mt. Everest. 　　埃德蒙·希拉里爵士是登上珠穆朗玛峰的第一人，他因此而闻名天下。 　　What many people do not know is that Sir Hillary did not make it to the top of Everest the first time he tried The first attempt was a complete failure. His c1imbing party encountered one problem after another and more than half his climbing party died. 　　然而，很多人并不知道，希拉里爵士第一次试着攀登珠穆朗码峰时并未成功登顶。他第一次登山以彻底的失败而告终。他们接二连三遇到问题，登山队中超过半数的人都丧生了。 　　Nonetheless, the British Parliament decided to honor him with some type of award. When he entered the chamber to receive his award, Sir Hillary saw that a large picture of Everest had been set up. 　　尽管如此，英国议会还是决定授予他某种奖励。希拉里爵士走进议会大厅领奖时，看到里面竖着一幅很大的珠穆朗玛峰的画。 　　During the standing ovation that he was receiving, he walked over to the picture, shook his fist at it and said, "You won, this time. But you are as big as you are ever going to get. And I"m still growing." 　　大家起立热烈欢迎希拉里爵士，这时他走到画跟前，冲画挥动了一下拳头，说道，“你这次赢了。但是你就这么高，再也不会长，而我还在长。” 　　We frequently hear the stories of people who have succeeded. And we frequently assume that they succeeded the first time. 　　我们常常听到成功人士的故事。我们常常以为他们第一次就成功了。 　　But in fact it"s the exact opposite. 　　但事实恰恰相反。 　　The road to success is paved with the bricks of failure. 　　成功之路是由失败之砖垫就的。 　　名人励志的简短英语故事篇2：海伦·凯勒 　　She fought for women"s right, crusaded for the causes of workers, promoted equality for minorities, and championed the underprivileged and the oppressed. She also earned several prestigious awards from countries as diverse as Japan, Brazil, and Lebanon. An impressive list of achievements for any human, all this was accomplished by a woman who was blind and deaf. 　　她为女权而战、投身工人事业、促进弱势团体平等权利、支持受苦和受压迫的人。她还荣获日本、巴西、黎巴嫩等国颁发的几项荣誉大奖。对任何人来说，这都是让人印象深刻的成就，然而这是由一位双眼失明双耳失聪的女人取得的。 　　Helen Keller was born a healthy child in 1880 in Alabama. Stricken by illness at the tender age of nineteen months, Helen lost her ability to see, hear, and speak. Growing up unable to comprehend the world around her, Helen became wild and unruly, until her parents found help. 　　1880年，海伦·凯勒在美国的阿拉巴马州出生时是个健康的孩子。可在她19个月大时，她得了一场大病，海伦从此失去了视觉、听觉和说话的能力。在成长的过程中，她无法了解周围的一切，变得狂躁而难以管教，最后她的父母只好求助于他人。 　　They contacted Dr. Alexander Graham Bell, the famous inventor and teacher of the deaf, who introduced them to an institute for the blind in Boston, Massachusetts. A student there, Annie Sullivan, was asked to help. Annie would later become known as the "Miracle Worker." 　　他们和著名的发明家、聋哑教师亚力山大·贝尔博士取得联系之后，被介绍到一家位于马萨诸塞州波士顿的盲人机构。该机构的学生安妮·苏利文应邀提供帮助。她就是后来那位著名的“奇迹创造者”。 　　Annie Sullivan taught Helen how to connect objects with letters by spelling words into Helen"s hands. Helen"s breakthrough came when Annie held her hand under a water pump while spelling "water" into her other hand repeatedly. Helen suddenly understood, and from then on progressed by leaps and bounds. 　　苏利文在海伦手上拼字，借此教她如何将物体和字母联系在一起。有一次安妮把海伦的手放在水泵出水口下，并且在她的另一支手上重复拼写water的时候，海伦突然明白了，她的学习有了重大突破。从此她进步神速。 　　Having mastered both the manual and Braille alphabets, Helen became proficient in reading and writing, and began learning how to speak in 1890. Helen entered Radcliffe College and, assisted by Annie Sullivan, graduated cum laude in 1904. She was the first blind-deaf person ever to graduate from college. 　　海伦在学会了手指拼字法和布莱耶盲人点字法后，她的阅读和书写能力变得熟练起来;1890年，她开始学习说话。后来海伦在苏利文的帮助下，进入拉德克利夫(Radchffe)学院就读，1904年以优异的成绩 毕业 ，她成为第一位大学毕业的盲哑人。 　　Helen Keller spent the rest of her life as a writer, lecturer, and advocate for the deaf and blind and other disadvantaged groups. She traveled to numerous countries on behalf of the disabled, and founded the Helen Keller Endowment Fund for the American Foundation for the Blind in 1930. She died on June 1, 1968, an outstanding example of the unconquerable human spirit. 　　海伦·凯勒的余生都致力于写作和演讲，声援盲人、聋人和其他，弱势群体。她代表残疾人，足迹踏遍海外各国，并且在1930年为美国盲人基金会创建了海伦·凯勒捐赠基金。海伦·凯勒于1968年6月1日与世长辞，她可以说是人类不屈不挠精神的最佳典范。 　　名人励志的简短英语故事篇3：凯瑟琳·格拉罕 　　It could safely be said of Katherine Graham that few women had a greater infulence on 20th-centllry American history. When she died at the age of 84, peop1e from all walks of life were swift and generous in their eulogies. 　　我们可以有把握地说，没有几个妇女像凯瑟琳·格拉罕对20世纪美国历史有这么大的影响。她84岁去世时，各界人士纷纷赶往悼念，表示敬意。 　　Katherine Meyer was born in 1917 to a wealthy and fami1y. Her father was a multimillionaire who gave up business and government service to buy the Washington Post in 1933. Katherine shared his love of journalism, and worked on the paper"s editing desk for a few years before getting married. 　　凯瑟琳·迈耶 1917年出生在一个富裕的特权家庭。她的父亲是一位大富豪，他放弃了工作和政府部门的职位，在1933年买下了境况不佳的《华盛顿邮报》。凯瑟琳承袭了父亲对新闻的热爱，婚前在这家报社的编辑部工作了数年。 　　Her husband, Phil Graham, was a bright young lawyer who took over at the Post in 1945. But Phil suffered from manic depression later, which gradually got worse, culminating in his suicide when Katherine was 46. Suddenly, she found herself in control of the Post. 　　她的丈夫菲尔·格拉罕曾是一位很出色的年轻律师，他1945年接管了华盛顿邮报。但后来他被躁狂抑郁症所折磨，病情日渐恶化，最后在凯瑟琳46岁时他自杀身亡。突然间，她感到管理邮报的责任落在了自己身上。 　　Graham took over the day-to-day running of the paper Skeptics who had doubted her ability to make a success of it were dumbfounded as her enthusiasm and tenacity proved them wrong. 　　格拉罕接管了邮报每日的运作。当她，以热忱和执着证明了那些曾怀疑她能力不足的人是错误的时候，他们都哑口无言。 　　Graham was never afraid of making a courageous decision. Against the advice of the Post"s lawyers, she sided with her editors and published the Pentagon Papers. The papers were top secret documents about the United States" involvement in the Vietnam War. She later remained steadfast in the face of government pressure not to pursue the Watergate scandal that led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon. 　　格拉罕从来不怕果断地作决定。她不听从邮报律师们的劝告，而支持她手下的编辑们，发表了《五角大楼文件》，这些文件是有关美国的最高机密文件。即使面临政府施加的压力，要她不要再追究后来迫使尼克松总统下台的水门事件，她始终立场坚定。 　　Graham handed over the control of the Post to her son in 1991, when she was 74 years old. By that time, she was often being described as the most powerful woman in America. Whether or not that was true, few would disagree with the assessment of one of her many admirers, that without her, Washington "would have been a much less civilized place." 　　1991年，葛拉罕74岁时，将掌管邮报的权力移交给了她的儿子。那时，她常被形容为美国最有影响的女人。无论这种说法是否正确，相信多数人都会认同她众多仰慕者之一给予的评价：没有她，华盛顿“就会是远不如现在文明的地方”。 看了“名人励志的简短英语故事”的人还看了： 1. 励志的经典名人英语故事 2. 简短的英文励志小故事 3. 英语名人励志小故事 4. 名人励志英文小故事 5. 励志简短的英文经典小故事

poor 系形容词，解缺乏生活所需。 the poor 系穷人，一定要有 the。 其他穷人的名词： the destitute the needy the poverty-stricken the have-nots the impoverished the underprivileged the moneyless the penniless the miserable 还有一个很少用的 the indigent 点解穷人叫Poor? 这个问题有奌无厘头，好比问大象为什么叫 elephant 不叫 eleven ? poor 可以解可怜，可一解穷。用作名词，就是穷人。 还有这几个字与 poor 都有关 broke (adj.) 一文不名 hard up (adj.) 缺钱 手头拮据 (手头紧) deprived (adj ) 贫困的 skint (adj.) – British informal 身无分文 poor needy penniless. These words all describe *** who has very little or no money and therefore cannot satisfy their basic needs poor is having very little money or not having enough money for basic needs. needy me poor.It"s a charity that provides help for needy men. penniless is having no money;very poor:He died penniless in Hong Kong. Poor is the most general term of these words which can be used to describe youself. plural or not.

english

大学英语六级阅读模拟试题及答案 　　 task 1 　　A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. 　　Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability (责任感). 　　My job as a police pfficer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external control on people"s behavior is far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment. 　　Fortunately there are still communities—smaller towns, usually—where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: 　　"In this family certain things are not tolerated—they simply are not done!" 　　Yet more and more, especially in our large cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him. 　　The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it"s the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn"t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn"t provide a stable home. 　　I don"t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything. 　　Americans desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it. 　　21. What the wise man said suggests that______. 　　A. it"s certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about it 　　B. it"s unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evil 　　C. it"s only natural for virtue to defeat evil 　　D. it"s desirable for good men to keep away from evil 　　22. According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime, ______. 　　A. society is to be held responsible 　　B. modern civilization is responsible for it 　　C. the standards of living should be improved 　　D. the criminal himself should bear the blame 　　23. Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have 　　A. better sense of discipline B. more mutual respect C. less effective government D. less self-discipline 　　24. The writer is sorry to have noticed that______. 　　A. people in large cities tend to excuse criminals 　　B. people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards 　　C. today"s society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty 　　D. people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities 　　25. The key point of the passage is that 　　A. stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and families 　　B. more good examples should be set for people to follow 　　C. more people should accept the value of accountability 　　D. more restrictions should be imposed on people 　　 参考答案 　　 21. A 22. D 23. D 24. A 25. C 　　 ;

您好！翻译：They deside to raise money for the poor Children.望您采纳，谢谢您的支持！

英语句子通常有两种语序，一种是自然语序（Natural Order），又称正装语序，另一种便是本章要介绍的倒装语序（Inverted Order）。 　　从形式上分，倒装有两种：全部倒装（Full Inversion）和部分倒装（Partial Inversion）。谓语动词全部位于主语之前的称作全部倒装，例如：In front of me stood a boy. （我面前站着一个男孩。）只将谓语动词的一部分（通常是助动词或情态动词）放在主语之前的称作部分倒装，例如：Only in this way can we do it better. （只有这样，我们才能做得更好一些）从使用目的区分，倒装也有两种情况，即语法倒装（Grammatical Inversion）和修辞倒装（Rhetorical Inversion）。语法倒装是由于语法规则的要求而必须进行的倒装，例如：Who called me just now？（刚才谁打给我？）修辞倒装是出于修辞的需要而把正常语序转为倒装语序，例如：Out rushed the children.（孩子们冲了出去）H·Fowler归纳倒装的原因有九种，即疑问、命令、惊叹、假设、平衡、衔接、点题（signpost）、否定和韵律（metrical）。这并不完全，还应加上强调和为使描写更加生动两种。在英语中，倒装句俯拾即是，用得非常普遍，但汉语却很少用，所以在翻译倒装句时，仍应按原文词序翻译，并照顾汉语的习惯，以保持译文句子结构流畅、匀称。本章只列举在阅读文章中常遇到的倒装现象，以使考生熟悉英语和汉语在语序上的差异。 　　1. Jack London poured into his writings all the pain of his life，the fierce hatred of the bourgeoisie that it had produced in him，and the conviction it had brought to him that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise up and take the management of society out of the hands of the exploiters. 　　第一层：Jack London 主 poured 谓 into his writings 状 all the pain 宾 of his life，定 the fierce hatred 宾 of the bourgeoisie 定 that it had produced in him ，定语从句1 and 连 the conviction 宾 it had brought to him 定语从句2 that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise 同位语从句 up and take the management of society out of the hands of the exploiters . 　　第二层：（定语从句1）that 引 it 主 had produced 谓 in him 状 　　（定语从句2）it 主 had brought to 谓 him 间宾 　　（同位语从句）that 引 the world 主 could be made 谓 a better place 宾 to live in 定 if the exploited would rise up and take the man- 状语从句 agement of society out of the hands of the exploiters. 　　第三层：（状语从句）if 引 the exploited 主 would rise up 谓 and 连 take 谓 the management 宾 of society 定 out of the hands of the exploiters 状 　　要点 本句为倒装句。如果宾语较长或宾语结构比较复杂，往往将宾语后置，采用倒装语序，以使句子保持平衡。本句的宾语由三个并列的名词构成，且第二和第三个名词后又带有限定性定语从句，故采用倒装语序，将动词poured的宾语放在状语into his writings之后。all the pain……，the fierce hatred……和the conviction……是poured的三个并列的宾语；其中，第一个that引导的定语从句修饰hatred，it had brought to him修饰conviction，在该定语从句中其关系代词作宾语而被省略；第二个that从句则是conviction的同位语从句。 　　译文 杰克·伦敦在作品中倾注了他一生中所遭受过的一切痛苦，倾诉了这种痛苦在他心中产生的对资产阶级的刻骨仇恨以及由此产生的这样的信念：如果被剥削者起来反抗，从剥削者手中夺回社会管理权，那么世界就会变成一个人人有好日子过的地方。 　　2. Along with them goes social mobility，ambition to rise in the urban world，a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the nineteenth century. 　　分析：Along with them 状 goes 谓 social 定 mobility，主 ambition 主 to rise in the 定 urban world，a main factor 同位语 in bringing down the births in Europe in the nineteenth century. 定 　　要点 这是一个完全倒装句，主语是 social mobility……century，谓语动词是goes.ambition to rise in the urban world 是对 social mobility的进一步说明。a main factor在意思上相当于which is a main factor in……century，修饰 ambition to ……world.本句可按原文顺序翻译。 　　译文 伴随他们而来的是社会的流动性，人们强烈地希望在城市里发展，这是19世纪欧洲出生率下降的主要因素。 　　3. For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 　　要点 句中had he grown up …… 是虚拟条件中省略if的倒装结构。翻译时，要把if的含义译出。主句为并列谓语…… compensate …… ， and …… tell结构。句中how引导宾语从句。虚拟条件句为宾语从句的状语。根据汉语的表达习惯，条件状语常前置。 　　译文 例如，它们并不弥补明显的社会不公；因此，它们说明不了一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长，会有多大的才干。 　　4. So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games. 　　要点 本句的基本结构是the children become so involved with their computers that……。因为把so involved with their computers 放在了句首，所以句子必须倒装。因为该句的动词是become，所以用do来帮助倒装。翻译时宜用正装语序。 　　译文 参加计算机夏令营的孩子们对计算机如此着迷，以至夏令营的负责人常常不得不强迫他们停下来参加体育运动或做游戏。 　　5. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized，it is in the interest of business to universalize access - after all，the more people online，the more potential customers there are. 　　要点 破折号后面的部分是用来解释句子主句的，在结构上是部分倒装句，属（从句）the＋比较级……，（主句） the ＋比较级句型，这样的句子一般主谓不倒装。翻译时可用正装。universalize：使普遍化；使通用化。 　　译文 随着国际互联网越来越商业化，普及上网会对商家有利，因为上网的人越多，潜在的顾客数量就越多。 　　6. Only after studies provided evidence of the harmful effects of such programs has it been possible to modify TV programming policies. 　　要点 only是加强语气的词语，位于句首时，主谓语要倒装。这样的句子一般可按原文顺序翻译。has it been ……是主句，正装应是it has been……。 　　译文 只有大量调研提供出证据表明此类节目产生不良影响后，电视节目审查政策才有可能改变。 　　7. Unpopular as red has been in the past at the moment it is a favorite hair style. 　　要点 这是一个主从复合句，主句是at the moment it is a favorite hair style.在让步状语从句中，作为表语的unpopular 放在 as前面位于句首，构成部分倒装。形容词＋as从句在意思上等于although……，一般翻译成“虽然…”。注意这个形容词不能放在动词后面，否则整个句子意思不同。 　　译文 虽然过去红色不受欢迎，眼下红色染发剂却备受青睐。 　　8. Lonely was seeing his daughter only twice a week since the divorce. 　　要点 这是一个完全倒装句，主语是seeing his daughter……divorce.翻译时可正装。 　　译文 他只是觉得离婚后每周只能看女儿两次让他感到孤独。 　　9. So perilous was this one that he was the only security officer on the site. 　　要点 该句的原结构是this one was so perilous that……，因为把 so perilous 放在句首，所以句子要主谓倒装。翻译时可正装。 　　译文 做现场惟一的保安官员，这差使还真有点危险。 　　10. In front of me stood the essential tools of the intelligence officer"s trade - a desk，two telephones，one scrambled（改变频率使不被窃听）for outside calls，and to one side a large green metal safe with an oversized combination lock on the front. 　　要点 这是一个并列句，由and连接。第一个分句中破折号前面是一个完全倒装句，主语是 the essential tools of the intelligence officer"s trade.破折号后面的部分是用来解释trade.One scrambled for outside calls 等于one of which was scrambled for outside calls.第二个分句也是一个完全倒装句，只是在 to one side后面省去了动词stood.该句可按原文语序翻译，第二个分句中省去的动词应翻译出来。 　　译文 展现在我面前的是情报官员这一行的基本用具——一张写字台、两部，其中一部是变频加密外线，在我旁边是一个大型的绿色金属保险柜，其正面有一把特大号复合密码锁。

在家教面试中，用英文进行自我介绍可以展示您的语言能力和教育背景。以下是一个简短的英文自我介绍示例，您可以根据自己的情况进行修改和调整：Hello, my name is [Your Name], and it"s a pleasure to meet you. I graduated from [Your University] with a degree in [Your Major]. I have always been passionate about education and believe that sharing knowledge is a fulfilling and rewarding experience.During my time at university, I had the opportunity to work as a teaching assistant for [Subject or Course], where I gained valuable experience in tutoring and mentoring students. I have also volunteered as a private tutor for underprivileged students, helping them improve their grades and confidence in various subjects, including [Subjects you are familiar with].I am a patient, adaptable, and enthusiastic teacher, and I believe that each student is unique and has the potential to succeed. My teaching approach involves understanding the student"s needs and learning style, and creating a personalized learning plan that focuses on their strengths and areas for improvement.Apart from academics, I have a strong interest in [Your Hobbies or Interests], which I believe can help me connect with students on a personal level and create a positive learning environment.In conclusion, I am excited about the opportunity to work as a tutor and contribute to the academic success and personal growth of my students. Thank you for considering my application, and I look forward to discussing how I can be an asset to your organization.请注意，这仅是一个示例，您可以根据自己的教育背景、教学经验和兴趣爱好进行调整。确保在自我介绍中突出自己的优势和独特之处，使雇主更容易记住您。

作为教师志愿者还是志愿者教师？

小题1:D小题2:C小题3:A小题4:D 试题分析：本文介绍了一个新型的生活方式——绿色生活。小题1:D 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段They choose to get out of the fast lane（车道）, and explore new ways of living “green”.可知本文介绍了一个新型的生活方式——绿色生活。故D正确。小题2:C 推理题。根据文章第三段第一行Turn off the mobile phone after work说明他们在下班以后就不管工作的事情了。故C正确。小题3:A 推理题。根据文章最后一段“They are successful in their careers, but do not miss the pleasures in life. They have a lot of money, but do not fall slave to it.” said Zuo Shiguang, one of the founding members of the club.说明他对这种生活方式是很欣赏的，持支持的态度。故A正确。小题4:D 推理题。根据下文的The club often holds charity parties and uses the donations for environmental protection and poverty relief（摆脱贫困）projects in China.说明这些人想要帮助那些弱势群体，那些需要帮助的人，故D正确。点评：本文内容贴近生活实际，考查推理题较多，测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；要养成在上下文串联中猜测词义的能力，根据上下文中出现的同义词，近义词，反义词，以及词义的解释来理解生词。同时要抓住文章的中心，不要受其他信息的影响。要根据题目及选项以及文章的上下文串联合理的判断推理。

作为一种考试，考研翻译既具有翻译的一般特点，也有自己的独特之处。与一般翻译相比，考研翻译的特点是要在较短的有间内翻译出能够获得高分的译文，容不得考生像平常翻译那样去慢慢地斟词酌句。要做到这一点，除了要加强平时的知识积累，尽可能地增加词汇量并了解英美文化之外，最关键的就是要缩短考研翻译所需的时间。而要缩短考研翻译的过程，就必须了解考研翻译的特点，掌握考研翻译所必需的一些解题方法和技巧。这里，笔者将从考研翻译的过程入手，详细分析考研翻译中所需的各种方法和技巧，并据此提出一个能够有效缩短考研过程的、非常实用而又容易掌握的考研翻译策略——句子结构分析法。它可以让考生在现有的英语基础上，迅速抓住考研翻译的核心问题;在较短的时间内，突破考研翻译，获得理想的成绩。 　　第一节　考研翻译的步骤 　　表面看来，翻译就是英汉两种词汇的互相表达，但是事实并非如此。英语和汉语是两种完全不同的语言，英译汉不仅仅涉及词义转化的问题，还是一个复杂的理解、分析、选词、表达的过程，会受到种种主客观因素的限制和影响。 　　为了突破考研翻译的瓶颈，笔者根据考研翻译的实践和特点，将一般翻译过程中的两个阶段(正确理解阶段和充分表达阶段)详细地分解成四个步骤：分析句子结构、理清逻辑关系、充分表达语义、认真检查核对，以充分突出影响考研翻译的关键因素。同时，借用其中最重要一步的名称(分析句子结构)将这种专门针对考研翻译的方法命名为“句子结构分析法”。 　　一、分析句子结构 　　归纳来看，考研翻译五个划线部分的句子基本上都是复杂的长句(20个以上单词)，或者是带有复杂修饰成分的并列句，或者是带有两个以上从句的主从复合句。所以，结构分析是做好考研翻译的第一步，也是最关键的一步。 　　分析句子结构，就是要弄清楚以下三点：第一，分割句子，简化结构;第二，浓缩各单句的主干，简化成英语中的五种基本句型;第三，确定各单句中的修饰语成分及各词之间的关系。 　　(一)分割句子 　　分割句子，就是以简单句为基本单位将整个长句分成若干个短句。英语重结构，无论多么复杂的长句，都是由一些简单句依据一定的规律组合而成的，这就为分割提供了依据和可能。分割句子的基本方法有两种：一是以谓语为标准，有几个谓语就可以将其划分为几个简单句;二是以连接词为标准，有N个连接词就有N+1个简单句。但是，由于英语中省略现象的普遍存在，更多的时候需要综合使用上述两种方法，相互补充、相互验证。 　　这里的谓语具有广泛的含义，不仅包括一般的谓语动词，而且还包括复合谓语(由系动词+表语组成)。简单而言，这里的谓语就是指包括系表结构在内的时态或者语态的完整组成部分，具体见下表(以英语中最基本的8种时态或语态为例)： 　　英语基本时态和语态构成简表(略) 　　此外，分词短语作状语，尤其是带有较多修饰成分的复杂分词，也可以看作是句子分割的一个基本单位。虽然分词短语本身不是一个完整的句子，但是分词短语作状语，实际上也就是省略了连接词和部分谓语的状语从句。 　　关于句子的分割方式，考生可以根据自己的时间情况，使用自己习惯的或熟悉的一些符号。出于阅读的直观和方便，本书采取“/”来作为分隔句子的符号，其层次关系由数个“/”来表示。例如：“/”表示第一层关系，“//”表示第二层关系，以此类推、逐层递进。“/”的数量越多，表明句子结构越复杂，层次关系越紧密。这样，既能区分句子层次，又能帮助考生理解句子的逻辑关系，可谓一举两得，是做好考研翻译的一种有效方式。 　　下面以2009年考研翻译真题的第一句为例，予以实例分析：【1】 It may be said //that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; / but this effect is not a part of its original motive。 　　这是一个典型的复杂长句，按照上述分割句子的方法，可以将其分割成两个层次、三个简单句：第一层是由but连接的两个并列句，第二层是由that引导的宾语从句所构成的主从复合句(如上所示)。 　　(二)浓缩主干 　　浓缩主干，是指将分割后的各简单句简化为最基本的五种句型形式(见第二章第一节)，即“主语+谓语+(宾语)”的形式，其中的主语、谓语和宾语(也包括“宾语+宾补”和“宾语+主补”这两种复合宾语形式)统称为句子的主干成分，以区别于句子的修饰成分(定语、状语和插入语)。 　　以例1为例，该长句可以浓缩成三个主干部分：两个并列句分别是“it may be said that”和“this effect is not a part”，宾语从句是“the measure is its effect”。 　　(三)修饰语 　　修饰语主要是指定语、状语和插入语。其中，定语是用来说明名(代)词的品质与特征的词、词组或句子;状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分;插入语是指插在句子中的词语或句子，其前后一般均有标点符号将其与句子的其他成分隔开。 　　以例1为例，第二个并列句中的“its original motive”是“a part”的后置定语，可以直接译为定语;宾语从句中的“the worth of any social institution”是“the measure”的后置定语，“in enlarging and improving experience”是“effect”的后置定语。 　　英语中的句子成分与词性具有密切的关系，了解它们之间的对应关系有利于理解句子的结构及各词之间的关系。下面是英语中的句子成分与词性功能对照表，以便于考生查找对比，进一步理解句子的结构和词与词之间的关系。 　第二节　考研翻译实践技巧 　　一、篇章技巧(略) 　　二、段落技巧(略) 　　三、句子技巧 　　(一)顺序译法 　　顺序译法，是指汉语译文基本上可以按照英语原文的语序和逻辑表达方式来翻译，不需对语序和逻辑作出太大的调整，有时为了使前后语气衔接，可以增加一些必要的词语。一般而言，顺译法适用于并列复合句、大部分简单句和少部分主从复合句。例如：【1】 They (tests) don"t compensate for gross social inequality, / and thus do not tell about an underprivileged youngster might have been / had he grown up under more favorable circumstances。 　　【译文】测试并不弥补明显的社会不公;因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。 　　【分析】原句是一个并列复合句，第二个分句中含有一个宾语从句，该宾语从句又含有一个省略连接词(if)的虚拟条件句。根据对句子逻辑关系及结构的分析，原文与汉语逻辑思维和表达方式基本一致，总体上可以采取顺译的方法。而对于宾语从句中的虚拟条件句，则需要采取倒序法，先讲条件，再说结果，以符合汉语的表达方式。【2】 In oxygen we have a different problem, / for although both a research chemist and a chemical manufacture know the element O means oxygen, // in practice they have different ideas about it。 　　【译文】就氧而言，我们遇到一个不同的问题，因为虽然化学研究人员和化学成品制造商都知道元素O指的是氧，但是实践中他们关于氧的概念都不一样。 　　【分析】本句是一个复杂的主从复合句，表原因的状语从句中还含有一个让步状语从句。经分析和理解，原文的逻辑思维和叙述层次基本跟汉语一致，所以基本上可以按照原文的顺序翻译出来。 　　(二)倒序译法(略) 　　(三)综合译法(略) 　　四、词语技巧 　　(一)词义选择(略) 　　(二)词义引申(略) 　　(三)词类转化 　　翻译过程中，常常需要根据两种语言在语法和表达方式上的差异，改变原文中某些词语的词类，以便有效地传达出原文的准确意义，使译文符合目标语言的表达方式。这种翻译方法就是词类转化法。在英译汉中，通过一定的方法和技巧，所有的词类几乎都可以被转化成目标语言所需的词类。但是归纳起来看，英译汉中的词类转化主要有以下四种：各种词类转化成动词，各种词类转化成名词，各种词类转化成形容词，各种词类转化成副词。例如：【例4】 The government called for the establishment of more key universities. (名词转化成动词) 　　【译文】政府号召建立更多的重点大学。【例5】 It was officially announced that President Bush would visit China. (副词转化成名词) 　　【译文】官方宣布，布什总统将来华访问。【6】 The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment. (名词转化成形容词) 　　【译文】她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的心情。 　　【例7】 I have the honor to inform you that your request is granted. (名词转化成副词) 　　【译文】我荣幸地通知您，您的请求已经得到批准。 　　(四)增词法 　　省略是英语中最常见的一种语法现象，而汉语则习惯重复或补充，所以英译汉时需要适当地补充一些词汇。此外，英语抽象词较多，而汉语则比较具体，英译汉时也需要适当地增加一些词语，变抽象为具体。总之，英译汉时，可以在原文的基础上添加一些必要的词语，使得译文在意义、结构和修辞上更符合汉语的表达习惯、文化背景，使译文既忠实于原文而又通顺流畅。这种翻译方法被称为增词法。增词可以根据上下文意义、句法和修辞的需要而增加一些动词、形容词、副词、名词和量词等。 　　然而，增词并不意味着可以随便加词，“增词不增义”是增词必须遵守的基本原则。英译汉时，主要可以从意义、结构和修辞或象征三个方面来增加必要的词汇。 　　第一，根据意义增词。意义增词就是根据译文的需要，增加一些原文语义上有但形式上没有的成分。例如： 　　【例8】 He seized the chance for peace between them。 　　【译文】他抓住了实现他们和解的机会。 　　【分析】根据原文意义，译文加入了“实现”两字，进一步补充了原文的意义。英译汉时，需要采取“化虚为实”的方法，将英语中的抽象名词根据上下文增加一些词语，使之含义尽量具体化，以符合汉语的表达习惯。 　　第二，根据结构增词。结构增词，主要是指在译文中将英文省略的词补译出来。例如： 　　【例9】 Only one of us was injured, and he just lightly。 　　【译文】我们当中只有一个人受了伤，而且只是轻伤。 　　【分析】按照英文句子的表达习惯，原文在he之后省略了谓语was injured，但在翻译成汉语时需要将其补译出来，否则意义不完整。 　　第三，根据修辞或象征意义增词。有些词本身在原文中就具有某种引申意义，如果直译就会文理不通、牛头不对马嘴，所以需要增加一些词语将其涵义表达出来。例如：【10】 The memory of Sedan remains stationary dark shadow on the French consciousness。 　　【译文】色当之耻，记忆犹新，它是一块永不消散的阴影，笼罩在法兰西人的心头。 　　【分析】这里的Sedan不仅仅是指一个地方，在原文中具有特定的引申意义。色当是法国北部的一个城市，也是1870年普法战争的战场所在，当年法军曾大败于此。根据原文来看，Sedan应该是指这个历史事件，所以翻译时要增加“之耻”两字，以说明这一历史事件。

从布什的《不让一个孩子落伍》法案中我懂得了几点，他把这些教育上的改变写进了法律，这也给我们了一些启示，教育是需要去好好经营的。看了一些资料，下面是我自己的几点印象很深的这个法案的特点，我觉得我们可以借鉴的。The No Child Left Behind ActOn January 8, 2002, President Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act into law.He offered this advice to parents:“We know that every child can learn. Now is the time we ensure that every child does learn.”No Child Left Behind is a comprehensive plan to reform schools,change school cluture,empower parents,and improve education for all children.1. this law apply to children with disabilities！Yes, No Child Left Behind applies to all children who attend public schools-including children with disabilities,kids with behavior problem,and other kids who have been traditionally been written off-minorities,immigrants,and English as second language youngsters.2.The changes on No Child Left Behind requires annual testing of reading and math skills.3.Parents guide to No Child Left Behind.4.Online to support mentoring programme,and support students learning through integrate technology resource.5.A student may take an alternative assessment if his disabilities prevent him from taking the regular state assessment, but alternative assessments must test grade level knowledge. just because of my major,I just want to discuss the education affairs happened in the world ,in order that we can borrow the idea of edution reform to make our teaching better. In the future ,I think most of us will be a teacher as a career.Everyone wants to be an unforgettable teacher to your students. So let us to pay more attention to our edution 。Please pay attention to the NO child left behind act,pay attention to our educational reform.

校园义卖，英语作文怎么写？This afternoon, a charity bazaar was held on our school playground to donate books to children in underprivileged areas. If you have books, then you can donate them.All teachers and students actively participated in this activity, and my classmate Fuyeor donated 10 books. Books are the bridge to knowledge. If a child in a poor area can receive better education and gain more knowledge, he will have more chances of success and his life can be greatly improved.今天下午，在我们学校的操场上举行了一场慈善义卖会，目的是向贫困地区的孩子们捐赠书籍。如果你有书，那么你就可以捐赠出来。所有的老师和学生都积极参加了这个活动，我的同学复玥就捐赠了10本书。书籍是通向知识的桥梁。如果一个贫困地区的孩子能接受更好的教育，获得更多的知识，他就会有更多的成功机会，他的生活也可以大大改善。如果需要修改，可以在百度翻译中翻译修改。

校园义卖，英语作文怎么写？This afternoon, a charity bazaar was held on our school playground to donate books to children in underprivileged areas. If you have books, then you can donate them.All teachers and students actively participated in this activity, and my classmate Fuyeor donated 10 books. Books are the bridge to knowledge. If a child in a poor area can receive better education and gain more knowledge, he will have more chances of success and his life can be greatly improved.今天下午，在我们学校的操场上举行了一场慈善义卖会，目的是向贫困地区的孩子们捐赠书籍。如果你有书，那么你就可以捐赠出来。所有的老师和学生都积极参加了这个活动，我的同学复玥就捐赠了10本书。书籍是通向知识的桥梁。如果一个贫困地区的孩子能接受更好的教育，获得更多的知识，他就会有更多的成功机会，他的生活也可以大大改善。如果需要修改，可以在百度翻译中翻译修改。

校园义卖，英语作文怎么写？This afternoon, a charity bazaar was held on our school playground to donate books to children in underprivileged areas. If you have books, then you can donate them.All teachers and students actively participated in this activity, and my classmate Fuyeor donated 10 books. Books are the bridge to knowledge. If a child in a poor area can receive better education and gain more knowledge, he will have more chances of success and his life can be greatly improved.今天下午，在我们学校的操场上举行了一场慈善义卖会，目的是向贫困地区的孩子们捐赠书籍。如果你有书，那么你就可以捐赠出来。所有的老师和学生都积极参加了这个活动，我的同学复玥就捐赠了10本书。书籍是通向知识的桥梁。如果一个贫困地区的孩子能接受更好的教育，获得更多的知识，他就会有更多的成功机会，他的生活也可以大大改善。如果需要修改，可以在百度翻译中翻译修改。

校园义卖，英语作文怎么写？This afternoon, a charity bazaar was held on our school playground to donate books to children in underprivileged areas. If you have books, then you can donate them.All teachers and students actively participated in this activity, and my classmate Fuyeor donated 10 books. Books are the bridge to knowledge. If a child in a poor area can receive better education and gain more knowledge, he will have more chances of success and his life can be greatly improved.今天下午，在我们学校的操场上举行了一场慈善义卖会，目的是向贫困地区的孩子们捐赠书籍。如果你有书，那么你就可以捐赠出来。所有的老师和学生都积极参加了这个活动，我的同学复玥就捐赠了10本书。书籍是通向知识的桥梁。如果一个贫困地区的孩子能接受更好的教育，获得更多的知识，他就会有更多的成功机会，他的生活也可以大大改善。如果需要修改，可以在百度翻译中翻译修改。

校园义卖，英语作文怎么写？This afternoon, a charity bazaar was held on our school playground to donate books to children in underprivileged areas. If you have books, then you can donate them.All teachers and students actively participated in this activity, and my classmate Fuyeor donated 10 books. Books are the bridge to knowledge. If a child in a poor area can receive better education and gain more knowledge, he will have more chances of success and his life can be greatly improved.今天下午，在我们学校的操场上举行了一场慈善义卖会，目的是向贫困地区的孩子们捐赠书籍。如果你有书，那么你就可以捐赠出来。所有的老师和学生都积极参加了这个活动，我的同学复玥就捐赠了10本书。书籍是通向知识的桥梁。如果一个贫困地区的孩子能接受更好的教育，获得更多的知识，他就会有更多的成功机会，他的生活也可以大大改善。如果需要修改，可以在百度翻译中翻译修改。

英语翻译第一步要保证大的结构调整好，句序结构是基础。1、状语从句调整：挑出主干部分(1)、澳门，南海之滨一颗闪耀的明珠，以她的风采、沧桑和辉煌，更以1999年12月20日这个不同寻常的日子，吸引着全世界的目光。A shining pearl on the coast of South China, Macao attracts the world"s attention for her charm, history of great events and glory, especially for the unusual date of December 20, 1999.South China Sea 表示中国南海，不是“南中国海” East China Sea 东海（2）、This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.（横线表示状语）通过支持某些与当前目标无关、但是在将来可能很重要的研究，一般情况下似乎可以有效的做到这一点。 immediate与in the future相对，表示当前 of possible＝possibly mostly表示在一般情况下（3）、For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. （横线表示状语）例如，他们不能弥补明显的社会不公，因此也就不能说明，如果一个贫穷的年轻人在更为有利的环境下成长的话，他可能会有多大才干。说明：1、underprivileged字面意思表示特权不足的（委婉语），翻译时an underprivileged youngster与he位置调换，英语提到人名出现在句子主干中，而汉语则出现在第一次提到的地方。2、“ster”加在单词后面表示什么样的人，如：gang表示帮派，gangster表示匪帮；spin表示旋转，spinster表示老处女。3、gross形容不好的意思，表示昭然若揭，非常明显的小贴士：1、翻译时遇到不认识的词，怎么办？ 从词性上说，只有名词、动词、形容词、副词四类不认识 形容词、副词不认识，建议省略，错译原比漏译扎眼 名词、动词不认识，则难以处理2、关于单词的见解 单词主要记general word，中高级口译不会考过于专业的东西，主要考常识性内容，不建议背专项单词。推荐用书《time 单挑》，刘毅《单词5000》，《上海新东方学校中高级口译词汇必备》、《上海新东方学校中高级口译笔试备考精要》3、记忆单词分长期记忆和短期记忆 通过记词根和大量阅读，能够帮助大家长期记忆 2、定语从句调整英译汉时，定语无非前置和后置，变成形容词性词或单成一句。（1）Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. 两个从句：which和that引导译文：社会科学是知识探索一个分支，它力求用理智的、有序的、系统的、冷静的方法研究人类和他们的种种行为，这种方式正是自然科学家用来研究自然现象的。说明：1、译文中“正是”一词来源于“the same”2、reason作为动词，表示推理（2） “In short”, a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”两个定语从句：as we call it 放在先行词the scientific revolution之前翻译 that expanded…… 分译contends：如果不认识，可以翻译成“说”，因为前后都有引号译文：新学派的一位领导人认为：“简而言之，我们所谓的科技革命，在很大程度上是指一系列工具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用在各个方面都拓展了科学范围”。 “名词+介词+名词+定语从句”：定语从句99％用来修饰第一个名词”注意： 1、定语从句的翻译方法(1)合译：把定语从句放到被修饰词之前(2)分译：定语从句单成一句，先行词重复一下2、定语从句先行词判断方法（并非100％适用）（1）、He opposed some proposals for opening the economy, like starting a stock market, that were embraced only after he lost power.先找名词，再根据定语从句的谓语动词的单复数判断先行词的单复数，则先行词为“proposals”译文：他反对某些开放经济的提议，如创建股票市场，这些提议只有在他下台之后，才被人们所接受。（2）、It assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.根据定语从句谓语动词单复数，易于判断which引导的从句用语修饰account，此处account表示讲述、评论。 译文：他假定人们对人权有一个统一的看法，而这种看法根本就不存在。（3）、这所大学的任务是培养德智体全面发展，能熟练运用外语从事外事和文化交流工作的合格人才。翻译时先找主干：这所大学的任务是培养人才(The university aims to turn out qualified graduates )。译文：The university aims to turn out qualified graduates that are all-roundly/well developed in morality, intellect and physique, and that are able to use proficiently foreign languages in foreign affairs and cultural exchanges.翻译词要根据具体情况，如“文明”一词，文明小区“model”；讲文明“politesse, manners”；（4）汉语中的题型“……是……”两种方法：“……，which……”或“it is……”谋求和平与发展、加强对话与合作，是各国人民的普遍愿望。It is the universal wish of all the nations to achieve peace and development and strengthen dialogues and cooperations.巩固与东盟面向和平与繁荣的战略伙伴关系，推进互利互惠的全方位合作，是中国将长期坚持的基本外交政策。China shall consolidate its strategic partnership with the ASEAN in the direction of peace and prosperity, and promote mutually benefiting cooperation in an all-round manner, which is China"s long-term and basic foreign policy.

无论在中国大陆或是台湾，一位作家或学者若要使用目前的白话文来写作或是翻译，却又不明简洁之道，就很容易陷入「的的不休」。 不错，我是说「的的不休」,而非「喋喋不休」。不过，目前白话文「的的不休」之病，几乎与「喋喋不休」也差不多了。 「的」字本来可当名词，例如「目的」、「无的放矢」；也可当作形容词或副词，例如「的确」、「的当」、「的的」。但在白话文中，尤其自五四来，这小小「的」字竟然独挑大梁，几乎如影随形，变成一切形容词的语尾。时到今日，不但一般学生，就连某些知名学者，对于无孔不入的小小「的」字，也无法摆脱。我甚至认为：少用「的」字，是一位作家得救的起点。你如不信，且看这小不点儿的字眼，如何包办了各式各样的形容词、句。 一个「的」字在文法上兼了这么多差，也难怪它无所不在，出现的频率奇高了。许多人写文章，每逢需要形容词，几乎都不假思索，交给「的」去解决。更有不少人懒得区分「的」与「地」,「地」与「得」之间的差异，一律用「的」代替。自从有了英文形容词与副词的观念，渐多作者在形容词尾用「的」，而在副词尾用「地」：前者例如「他也有心不在焉的时候」；后者例如「他一路心不在焉地走着」。至于「得」字，本来用以表示其前动词的程度或后果：例如「他唱得很大声」或「他唱得十分悠扬」是表程度；而「他唱得大家都拍手」或「他唱得累了」是表后果。不少人懒得区分，甚至根本没想到这问题，一律的的到底，说成「他一路心不在焉的走着」，不然就是「他唱的累了」。这么一来，当然更是的的不休。 巧合的是，西方语文里表从属关系的介词，无论是法文、西班牙文、葡萄牙文的 de, 或是意大利文的 di, 也是一片的的不休；不过正规的形容词却另有安排。英文的 of, by, from 等介词音调各异，而表形容词的语尾也变化多端，无虞单调。中文里「美丽的、漂亮的、俊美的、好看的」等等形容词，只有一个「的」字做语尾，但在英文里，却有 beautiful, pretty, handsome, good-looking 种种变化，不会一再重复。英文形容词的语尾，除上述这四种外，至少还有下面这些： 就算如此分类，也不能穷其变化，但是还有一大类形容词，是由动词的现在分词与过去分词变成：前者多表主动，例如 interesting, inspiring；后者多表被动，例如 iu0301nterested,inspired；甚至还有复合的一类，例如 life-giving, heart-rending, jaw-breaking, hair-splitting, 以及 braad-minded, hen-pecked, heart-stricken, star-crossed。英文形容词在语法组成上如此多变，中文的译者如果偷懒，或者根本无力应变，就只好因简就陋，一律交绐「的」去发落，下场当然就是的的不休了。下面且举雪莱的一首变体十四行诗《英伦：一八一九年》（England in 1819）作为例证： 雪莱不擅十四行诗，每写必然技穷破格；这一首和《阿西曼地亚斯》（Ozymandias）一样，也是英国体十四行诗的变体，不但韵式错杂（abababcdcdccdd），而且在第四、第八两行之末，句势不断；幸好最后的两行作了断然的结论，收得十分沉稳，全诗在文法上乃一整句，前十二行是八个名词复合的一大主词，直到第十三行才出现述语（predicate）：are graves, 这祥庞大的结构译文根本无法保持，只能化整为零，用一串散句来应付。原文虽为一大整句，但其中包含了六个形容子句。也就是说，译文可能得用六个「的」字来照应。此外，our, their, Time"s 之类的所有格形容词有四个，也可能要译文动用「的」字。至于正规的形容词，和动词转化的形容词，则数量更多，细察之下，竟有 24 个。这些，如果全都交给「的」去打发，甚至半数交由「的」去处理，的的连声就不绝于途了。六个形容子句、四个所有格形容词、九个动词分词、再加 15 个正规形容词，共为 34 个，平均每行几乎有两个半，实在够译者手忙脚乱的了。不说别的，笫一行下马威、就一连串五个形容词，竟然也是的的(d,d)不休: 最懒的译法大概就是「一位衰老的、疯狂的、瞎眼的、被人蔑视的、垂死的君王」了，但是 21 个字也实在太长了。为求简洁，「的」当然必须少用，不定冠词 an 也可免则免，「君王」则不妨缩成单一的「王」字。以便搭配较为可接的某形容词。整首诗我是这样译的： 这首变体十四行诗，我译得不够周全：句长全在十二三字之间，倒不算脱轨，而是韵式从第七行起便未能悉依原文，毕竟不工。好在雪莱自己也失控了，末四行简直变成了两组英雄式偶句：我虽不工，他也不整，聊可解嘲。不过我要强调的不在格律，而是「的」字的安排。译文本来可能出现 34 个「的」字， 而使句法不可收拾，幸喜我只用了七个「的」。也就是说，本来最糟的下场，是每行出现两个半「的」，但经我自律的结果，每行平均只出现了半个。 白话文的作品里，这小小「的」字诚不可缺，但要如何掌控，不任滥用成灾，却值得注意。「的」在文法上是个小配角、小零件，颇像文言的虚字；在节奏上只占半拍（注 3），有承接之功，无压阵之用；但是在视觉上却也俨然填满一个方块，与前后的实字分庭抗礼。若是驱遣得当，它可以调剂文气，理清文意，「小兵立大功」。若是不加节制，出现太频，则不但听来琐碎，看来纷繁，而且可能扰乱了文意。例如何其芳这一句： 连用了五个「的」，中间三个尤其读来繁杂，至于文意欠清。诗文名家尚且如此，其后遗影响可想而知。我对 30 年代作家一直不很佩服，这种芜杂文体是一大原因。后来读到朱光潜、钱钟书的文章，发现他们西学虽然深厚，文笔却不西化，句子虽然长太，文意却条理清畅，主客井然，「的」字尤其用得节省，所以每射中的矢无虚发。我早年的文章里，虚字用得较多，译文亦然，后来无论是写是译，都少用了。这也许是一种文化乡愁，有意在简洁老练上步武古典大师。近年我有一个怪癖，每次新写一诗，总要数一下用了多少「的」字，希望平均每行不到一个：如果每行超过一个，就嫌太多了；如果平均每行只有半个甚或更少，就觉得这才简洁。我刚写好的一首诗，题为《夜读曹操》，全长 26 行，只用了六个「的」，平均 4.3 行才有一个，自己就觉得没有费词。一位作家不敢自命「一字不易」，但至少应力求「一字不费」。《夜读曹操》的前半段如下： 依然是长堤的坚决，一臂 把灯塔的无畏，一拳 伸向那一片恫吓，恫黑 寒流之夜，风声转紧 她怜我深更危坐的侧影 问我要喝点什么，要酒呢要茶 我想要茶，这满肚郁积 正须要一壶热茶来消化 又想要酒，这满怀忧伤 岂能缺一杯烈酒来浇淋 这是定稿，但初稿却多了四个「的」字，未删之前是「依然是暮年的这片壮心/依然是满峡的风浪/……我想要茶，这满肚的郁积/正须要一壶热茶来消化/又想要酒，这满怀的忧伤/岂能缺一杯烈酒来浇淋」。 近日重读旧小说，发现吴敬梓与曹雪芹虽然少用「的」字，并不妨碍文笔。且容我从《儒林外史》及《红搂梦》中各引一段，与新文学的白话文比较一番： 那日读到二更多天，正读得高兴，忽然窗外锣响，许多火把簇拥着一乘官轿过去，后面马蹄一片声音。自然是本县知县过，他也不曾住声，由着他过去了。不想这知县这晚就在庄上住，下了公馆，心中叹息道：「这样乡村地面，夜深时分，还有人苦功读书，实为可敬！只不知这人是秀才，是童生，何不传保正来问一问？」（《儒林外史》第十六回） 宝玉想「青灯古佛前」的诗句，不禁连叹几声。忽又想起「一床席」、「一枝花」的诗句来，拿眼睛看着袭人，不觉又流下泪来。众人都见他忽笑忽悲，也不解是何意，只道是他的旧病；岂知宝玉触处机来，竟能把偷看册上的诗句牢牢记住了，只是不说出来，心中早有一家成见在那里了，暂且不提。（《红楼梦》第一百十六回） 《儒林外史》的一段，123 字中一个「的」也没用； 《红楼梦》的一段， 112 字中用了四个，平均每 28 字出现一次。这些都是两百多年前的白话文了；以下再引两段现代的白话文： 他不说了。他的凄凉布满了空气，减退了火盆的温暖。我正想关于我自己的灵瑰有所询问，他忽然立起来，说不再坐了，祝你晚安，还说也许有机会再相见。我开门相送，无边际的夜色在等候着他。他走出了门，消溶而吞并在夜色之中，仿佛一滴雨归于大海。（钱钟书：「魔鬼夜访钱钟书先生」）（注 5） 白色的鸭也似有一点烦躁了，有不洁的颜色的都市的河沟里传出它们焦急的叫声。有的还未厌倦那船一样的徐徐的划行。有的却倒插它们的长颈在水里，红色的蹼趾伸在尾后，不停地扑击着水以支持身体的平衡。不知是在寻找沟底的细微的食物，还是贪那深深的水里的寒冷。（何其芳「雨前」）（注 6） 两文相比，钱钟书的一段，101 字中只有四个「的」，何其芳的一段，123 字中却用了 16 个：钱文平均 25 个字出现一次，何文则平均 7.7 个字出现一次，频率约为钱文的三倍。钱文比何文简洁，「的」之频率应为一大因素。再比两段分句的长度，就可发现，钱文用了 13 个标点，何文比钱文多出 22 个字，却只用了八个标点，足见钱文句法短捷，何文句法冗长，这和「的的不休」也有关系。 令古相比，钱钟书的「的的率」仍近于曹雪芹，但是不少新文学的作家，包括何其芳，已经升高数倍，结论是：今人的白话文不但难追古文的凝炼，甚至也不如旧小说的白话文简洁。钱钟书的外语与西学远在何其芳之上，他的文体却不像何其芳那么西化失控。钱文当然也有一点西化，例如「他的凄凉布满了空气，减退了火盆的温暖。 我正想关于我自已的灵魂有所询问，」这三句的文法，使用的正是西语风格。（我要乘机指出：「的」字所在，正是钱文西化的段落。）但是钱文的西化颇为归化，并不生硬勉强，反而觉其新鲜。何文就相当失控了：例如「白色的鸭」、「徐徐的划行」、「深深的水」几处，本来可说「白鸭」、「徐徐划行」、「深水」，不必动用那许多「的」。这种稀释的「的化语」在白话的旧小说里并不常见，究竟它是西化促成的现象，还是它倒过来促成了西化，还是两者互为因果，应该有人去深入研究。我觉得英文字典的编译者，似乎要负一部分责任。翻开一切英汉字典，包括编得很好的在内，，形容词项下除了注明是 adj. 外，一定是一串这样的「的化语」：例如 beautiful 项下总是「美丽的、美观的、美好的」；terrible 项下总是「可怕的、可怖的、令人恐惧的」；important 项下则不外「重要的、重大的、非常有价值的」。查英汉字典的人，也就是一切读者，在这种「的化语」天长地久的洗脑下，当然也就习以为常，认定这小「的」字是形容词不可或缺的身份证，胎记一般地不朽了。 这种「的化语」若是成群结队而来，就更势不可挡，直如万马奔腾，得得连声，请看二例： 两段相比，老舍的 78 字里有「的」12，平均六个半字有一个「的」；徐志摩的 64 字里有「的」 14，平均四个半字有一个。两段都的的不休，而徐文尤其纷繁，一个原因是徐文「的、地」不分，把原可用「地」的副词「渐渐」与「参差」用「的」垫了底，所以多用了三个「的」。但是就一连串的「的化语」而论，老舍却显得生硬而吃力，因为「祥子」头上一连七个「的化语」是叠罗汉一般堆砌上去的，「产儿」头上的四个也是如此；而徐志摩的一段，「炊烟」后面曳着的一连八个「的化语」却是添加的，被形容的炊烟已有交代，后面一再添加形容词，就从容多了，至少不像成串的形容词堆在头上、一时却又不知所状何物，那么长而紧张，悬而不决。（注 7） 英文的修饰语（modifier）中，除了正规的形容词常置于名词之前(例如 the invisible man)之外，往往跟在名词之后。例如 woman with a past, the spy behind you, the house across the street，便是用介词片语来修饰前面的名词；若是用中文译成「来历不堪的女人」，「你身后的间谍」，「对街的房屋」，修饰语便换到前面来了，而语尾也就拖上一个「的」字。又例如 The woman you were talking about is my aunt 一句，形容子句 You were talking about 原在主词之后；若是译成「你刚说起的这女人是我阿姨」，形容子句就换到主词前面来了，当然也就得用「的」来连接。如果修饰语可以分为「前饰语」与「后饰语」，则英译中的一大困局，便是英文的后饰语到中文里便成了前饰语，不但堆砌得累赘生硬，而且平空添出一大批「的化语」来。译者若是不明此理，更无化解之力，当然就会尾大不掉，不，高冠峨峨，的的不休。有一本编得很好的英汉辞典，把这样的一个例句：I know a girl whose mother is a pianist. 译成「我认识其母亲为钢琴家的一个女孩。」英文的后饰语换成中译的前饰语，此句正是标准的恶例。这样英汉对照的例句，对一般读者的示范恶果，实在严重，简直是帮翻译的倒忙。其实英文文法中这种关系子句（relative clause），搬到中文里来反正不服水土，不如大而化之，索性将其解构变成一个若即若离的短句：「我认识一个女孩，她母亲是铟琴家。」 到了真正通人的手里，像关系子句这种小关细节，只须略一点按，就豁然贯通了。钱钟书《谈艺录》增订本有这么一段：「偶检五十年前盛行之英国文学史巨著，见其引休谟言『自我不可把捉』(I never can catch myself)一节，论之曰：『酷似佛教主旨，然休谟未必闻有释氏也』(The passage is remarkably like a central tenet of Buddhism, a cult of which Hume could hardly have heard.——O.Elton, A Survey of English Literature.)（注 8）。」这句话换了白话文来翻译，就不如钱译的文言这么简练浑成。其实无论在《谈艺录》或《管锥编》里，作者在引述西文时，往往用文言撮要意译；由于他西学国学并皆深邃，所以译来去芜存菁，不黏不脱，非仅曲传原味，即译文本身亦可独立欣赏，足称妙手转化(adaptation)，匠心重营(re creation)。容我再引《谈艺录》一段为证： 拜伦致其情妇 (Teresa Guiccioli)书曰：「此间百凡如故，我仍留而君已去耳。行行生别离，去者不如留者神伤之甚也」(Everything is the same, but you are not here, and I still am. In Seperation the one who goes away suffers less than the one who stays behind)。（注 9） 这一句情话，语淡情深，若用白话文来译，无非「一切如常，只是你走了。而我仍在此。两人分手，远行的人总不如留下的人这么受苦。」文白对比，白话译文更觉其语淡情浅，不像文言译文这么意远情浓，从《古诗十九首》一直到宋词，平白勾起了无限的联想、回声。也许有人会说不过是一封情书罢了，又没有使用什么 thou, thee, thy 之类的字眼，犯不着译成文言。其实西文中译，并不限于现代作品，更没有十足的理由非用白话不可；如果所译是古典、至少去今日远，也未始不可动用文言，一则联想较富，意味更浓，一则语法较有弹性，也更简洁，乐得摆脱英文文法的许多「虚字」，例如关系代名词 who，关系副词 when, where, 或是更难缠的 of whom, in whose house 等等。的的不休，不可能出现在文言里。文言的「之」字，稳重得多，不像「小的子」那么闪烁其词，蜻蜓点水，只有半拍的分。你看「赤壁之战」、「安史之乱」、「一时之选」、「堂堂之师」，多有派头。改成「赤壁的战」、「安史的乱」固然不像话，就算扩成五字的「赤壁的战役」、「安史的乱局」，也不如文言那样浑成隆重。 也就难怪早年的译家如严复、林纾、辜鸿铭者，要用文言来译泰西作品，而拜伦《哀希腊》一诗，竟有苏曼殊以五古，马君武以七言，而胡适以骚体，竞相中译而各有佳胜。后来的文人，文言日疏，白话日熟，更后来，白话文本身也日渐近于英文，便于传译曲折而复杂的英文句法了，所以绝少例外，英文中译全用了白话文。不过，在白话文的译文里，正如在白话文的创作里一样，遇到紧张关头，需要非常句法、压缩用词、工整对仗等等，则用文言来加强、扭紧、调配，当更具功效。这种白以为常、文以应变的综合语法，我自己在诗和散文的创作里，行之已久，而在译时也随机运用，以求逼近原文之老练浑成。例如叶慈的《华衣》，短小精悍，句法短者四音节、二重音，长者亦仅七音节、三重音，若译成白话，不但虚字太多，的的难免，而且句法必长，沦于软弱，绝难力追原文。终于只好用文言来对付，结果虽然韵序更动，气势则勉可保留，至少，比白话译来有力。 华衣（注 10） 译界耆宿王佐良先生去年不幸逝于北京。生前他推崇严复，曾撰「严复的用心」一文，探究几道先生何以竟用「汉以前字法、句法」来译西方近代政治、经济的名著，结论是当时的士大夫习于古文，若要他们接受西学，译笔宜求古雅。如此看来，则严复所言「译事三难：信、达、雅」，其中的雅字竟另有其隐衷了。 读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其传彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹，全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。（王佐良译：「论读书」）（注 11） 这是培根小品名作「论读书」(Francis Bacon: Of Studies)的前段。毕竟是四百年前的文章，原文明澈简练，句法精短，有老吏断案之风。用白话文来追摹，十九难工。王佐良用文言翻译，颇见苦心，虽然译文尚可更求纯净，但是以古译古，方法无误，雄心可嘉，至少是摆脱了「的的不休」的困局。 1996 年 2 月于西子湾 注 1：语法近于英文的 the rich, the undaunted, the underprivileged; 不同的是，英文语尾仍有变化，莫衷一「是」。 注 2：相似语尾尚有 readable, soluble 等格式，其他各项亦然。 注 3：闻-多创格律诗，将每行分为二字尺、三字尺。其实「这是一沟蛆望的死水」一句，「绝望的」只能算二拍半，「的」字不能读足一拍。 注 4：见杨牧编《现代中国散文选》374-375 页，台北洪范书店， 1994。 注 5：见钱钟书《写在人生边上》9 页，上海开明书店， 1941。 注 6：见杨牧编《现代中国散文选》374-375 页，台北洪范书店， 1994。 注 7：徐志摩这一串「的化语」，因属后饰，不违中文语法，且有炊烟缕缕意趣，颇有效果，不能以「的的不休」病之。 注 8：见钱钟书《谈艺录》增订本 597 页，台北书林出版公司，1988。 注 9：见钱钟书《谈艺录》增订本 597 页，台北书林出版公司，1988。 注 10：见余光中编著《英美现代诗选》53-54 页，台北时报出版公司，1980。译文已有修正。 注 11：见王佐良编译《并非舞文弄墨——英国散文新选》 8 页，香港牛津大学出版社，1993。 参考文献

Eskiyet - 见习魔法师 二级你是英语专业的啊？说的好

　　如何加入世界的1%。其实世界最有钱的人中一大部分是毕业于同几个大学，在同几个公司工作过，甚至有相似的爱好。如果你也想做1%的人，可以把这个文章当作指南。(不过，根据调查结果，在所有的领域中，这些在商界里的牛人对自己的工作和生活也是最不满意的--just so you know). 　　 A book on the persistence of elites is an unexpected guide to getting a good job 　　May 16th 2015 | From the print edition 　　MANAGEMENT consultants, investment banks and big law firms are the Holy Trinity of white-collar careers. They recruit up to a third of the graduates of the worldu2019s best universities. They offer starting salaries in excess of $100,000 and a chance of making many multiples of that. They also provide a ladder to even better things. McKinsey says more than 440 of its alumni run businesses with annual revenues of at least $1 billion. The top ranks of governments and central banks are sprinkled with Goldman Sachs veterans. Technology firms, though they are catching up fast, have nothing like the same grip on the global elite. 　　Which raises a pressing question: how do you maximise your chances of joining such elite professional-services firms? Lauren Rivera of Northwestern Universityu2019s Kellogg School of Management has spent a decade studying how these firms recruit. The result, “Pedigree: How Elite Students Get Elite Jobs”, is an academic book with the requisite references to gender theory and Marxist concepts of inequality. But read it carefully and it becomes something far more useful—a guide on how to join the global elite. 　　The bad news is that by far the best way to get into the tiny group of elite firms is to be studying at the tiny group of elite universities—Ivy League colleges in America (where Ms Rivera did her fieldwork) or Oxford and Cambridge in England. The firms spend millions of dollars love-bombing these institutions with recruiting events: students can spend the recruitment season wining and dining at their expense. However, as Ms Rivera notes, firms reject the vast majority of elite students they interview: so even the most pedigreed need to learn how to game the system. 　　The most important tip is to look at who is doing the recruiting. Whether in consulting, investment banking or the law, firms use revenue-generating staff rather than human-resources people to decide who has the right stuff. The interviewers are trying to juggle their day jobs with their recruiting duties: they seldom spend more than a minute or so reviewing each application form. In the interview room they behave predictably: they follow a set script, starting with some ice-breaking chit-chat, then asking you about yourself, then setting a work-related problem. That makes them desperate for relief from the tedium. Be vivacious. Hang on their every word. And flatter their self-image as “the best of the best” and the most jet-lagged of the jet-lagged. 　　The most important quality recruiters are looking for is “fit”: for all their supposedly rigorous testing of candidates, they would sooner choose an easy-going person with a second-class mind than a Mark Zuckerberg-type genius who rubs people up the wrong way. Staff in professional-services firms spend most of their time dealing with clients; so looking the part is essential. They also expect their employees to spend extraordinary amounts of time together—learning the ropes in boot camps, working late in the office, having constant work dinners, getting stuck together in airports in godforsaken places. Recruiters repeatedly told Ms Rivera that they looked for people who could be their friends as well as their colleagues. One compared hiring to “picking a team on the playground growing up”; another described his firm as “a fraternity of smart people”. 　　It is easier to give the impression you will fit in if you have swotted up on the firm in question. Speak to any friend-of-a-friend you can find on the inside, to learn about its internal culture and its inside gossip. One candidate in Ms Riverau2019s sample passed the interview by adopting the persona of a successful consultant that he knew at that firm. Even if you do not go that far, you must at all costs avoid appearing nerdy or eccentric: there are plenty of jobs with tech companies for those types. The old-fashioned belief still prevails that playing team sports, especially posh ones like rowing, makes for a rounded character. 　　The final key to success is to turn your interviewer into a champion: someone who is willing to go to bat for you when the hiring committee meets to whittle down the list. Emphasise any similarities that you can find between the two of you. If the interviewer sees a little bit of himself in you, a phenomenon known as “looking-glass merit”, he will regard any attempt to eliminate your name as a personal slight. 　 　Minority margaritas 　　As for those who have not got into the elite universities, all hope of joining the bulge bracket of professional-services firms is not lost. As Ms Riverau2019s book demonstrates, even the most tenuous connection with insiders can be of help. If you belong to an underrepresented group and meet a recruiter over cocktails at a “diversity event”, exploit the connection ruthlessly. 　　Ms Rivera notes that coming from an underprivileged background can actually be a plus, if sold well. Recruiters love to hear stories about gritty candidates triumphing against the odds. She also notes that there are organisations that can help non-elite candidates to sell themselves. Sponsors for Educational Opportunity, an American outfit, has an excellent record of pre-selecting ethnic-minority youngsters and getting them internships that can lead on to full-time jobs. Americau2019s armed forces play a similar role of giving a career leg-up to the disadvantaged. “Iu2019ve spent two years in a job where any minute might be my last,” one military candidate told an interviewer coolly. “Yes, I think I can handle high-pressure situations.” But donu2019t harp on about the odds being still stacked against you, or reveal that you have a sick mother or a demanding child, or you kill the Horatio Alger buzz. 　　This overwhelming emphasis on style rather than substance may seem an odd way to select members of the 1%. But those at the top of the consulting, investment-banking and legal professions know that the most prized possession in uncertain times is not brainpower, but self-confidence. For all the talk of the world becoming dominated by a “cognitive elite”, in reality it appears it is nothing more than a “confidence elite”.

锘?!0 transitional//en",，0 " Narrow and Wide Path the Nigeria ChildThe Nigeria child smart and intelligent full of great plans and well talented preparing for what the future holds for them. Living in a nasty environment full of vices and crime, trying to struggle out of it to make a bright future. Listening to promises made past leaders some decades ago that never materialized. The great rosebud of opportunity opened up again. And we beheld the frail petals of national promise on parade grounds laid out like the final triumph presided over God Himself. Nigerian children, beautiful,Evgeni Malkin jersey, innocent and resplendent in their parade uniforms which spoke well of their designers??healthy respect for the rainbow, marched with their tiny feet to the music and sound of that promise.Children?? . The young came out in their best, wearing their good manners with a profound sense of achievement, to heart the message for the nth time: the future belongs to them. They are the future captains of Nigeria. The old are only regents waiting dutifully for the kings and queens to grow up. That message has the aged, rusty look of a threadbare clich茅. But it is still a good message because it is the promise of the present to the future. Every generation is obliged to keep that torch of promise burning.One wonders what went on in the little minds as the little pairs of ears listened to the messages from our leaders delivered appropriately in manly voices, a cross between the parade group below and the habitudes of an ill-prepared orator. They heard, like children and youth and adults before them had heard more times than one, that the Bible is always right: the road to self and national destruction was carefully constructed Old Nick employing Italian road builders.The road is wide, well-paved and straight as an arrow. They heard that road is not a super highway; it is a cul de sac. At the end of it, death, shame and destruction lie in wait for those with ears but won?? heat,Jonathan Toews jersey， Those who take it end up in the slammer or at that the tortuous, crooked, narrow footpath, barely wide enough to take a bicycle, which cuts through difficult terrains, is the right road. It leads to happiness. Those who take it are wise. Said the president ??he road to success and greatness may be hard rugged but its reward is the joy and satisfaction of achievement;??br />There is no knowing yet what choice of our kids have made， We will have to wait a few years hence to know which they found more fascinating, the thundering tawdry of the ritual or the tingling tinsel of exhortations,SCOTT GOMEZ jersey， What happened,Marian Hossa jersey, of course, was that at the end of the parades, the little ones returned to their different homes， The children of the rich, the powerful and the privileged, returned in their father?? big cars to the splendid mansions where liveried servants minister faithfully to their infantile needs. Their ceremonial divide had ended. What the parade ground joined together was put asunder the cruelty of the social system.The children of the poor and the underprivileged returned home on splendid homes- rat holes at the deadened of the great divide, plastered with poverty,Andre Fleury jersey, paved with lost hope and carpeted with yam and cassava peels and rotten vegetables， There,Daniel Sedin jersey, these little Nigerians who had just heard the well-oiled sermon on the virtues of hard work and uprightness, clutching the little green white-green flags of hope to their little fluttering hearts, will sit to wait for the day that the promise given to them will be fulfilled.The children on both sides of good life are too young to ask. But it must be confusing to them that even among them,Zdeno Chara jersey, some are privileged and others are not. They must wonder why some children are more equal than others. The children in the well-appointed homes must wonder if their parents got to where they are because they took the narrow and straight path advised the leaders. These kids will wonder if their parents worked hard and are now reaping the sweet rewards of hard work. At the other end, the underprivileged children will wonder where their parents went wrong. Did they take the wide,karlos dansby jersey, Italian-constructed highway to perdition or did they refuse to work hard Why are they living at the bottom of the ladder Are they reaping the rich rewards of indolence or what went wrongPoor children, they will receive no answers to these and other questions, because society has no answers to them,Devin Setoguchi jersey; even adults are confused,Cam Neely jersey, because this and every society is terribly strange, It preaches virtue but lives vice, because vice often pays， It preaches hard work but lives indolence, because often indolence has immediate reward; it preaches a narrow path but takes the wider super highway because the narrow path is a long, terrible journey,Wayne Gretzky jersey，Many who take it never arrive. They die, weary, disappointed and sad. This nation does not lack hard working, honest people. But in the daily,Mario Lemieux jersey, ferocious struggles for survival, they get trampled under the feet the dishonest and the lazy. They don?? sow but they reap; they don?? walk but they arrive; they don?? do but they get. How soNo one knows. That is why every society puts its hope and ambition in the future. The future is when everything good happens. The future harbors no corruption and other vices. It makes sense,Sidney Crosby jersey, therefore,Donovan McNabb Jersey, to paint the beautiful picture of the future because, luckily for us,PATRICK MARLEAU jersey, we won?? be there when it comes. look at the jersey carefully. fakes usually have poor stitching and faded (or wrong) team colors. children will. And what they make of it will be their business.We can only hope that taking the boom out of oil and putting it in the gun, fewer criminals will stand up when the future arrives; we can only hope that cleaning up our towns and cities,Bobby Hull jersey, we will hand over to them a banner without stain and streets without rubbish,BOBBY ORR jersey; we can only hope that refusing to let children whose parents display lack of civic responsibility in paying taxes go to school, traditional farming methods will survive in the future; we can only hope that doing what the pelicans do, there will be no dynamic chaos when the future arrives; we can only hope that putting yesterday?? men of power and influence in the slammer, when the future arrives, there will be none with itchy fingers，No present generation of Nigerians can do more because the future is now,Henrik Zetterberg jersey， (ArticlesBase SC #308510)Retrieved from "if you are a super fan of one particular football team,i bet you will go to see their games on the scene..articlesbasewhen you are wondering where to buy 31 jets cromartie jerseys i have a great suggestion for you./article-marketing-articles/narrow-and-wide-path-the-nigeria-child-308510when it comes to antonio cromartie jersey"s keeping, here are some tips for you. first you should try not to wear your antonio cromartie jersey too often."

英文原文如下：Thank you all so very much. Thank you to the Academy, thank you to all of you in this room. I have to congratulate the other incredible nominees this year. "The Revenant" was the product of the tireless efforts of an unbelievable cast and crew. First off, to my brother in this endeavor, Mr. Tom Hardy. Tom, your talent on screen can only be surpassed by your friendship off screen… thank you for creating a transcendent cinematic experience. Thank you to everybody at Fox and New Regency…my entire team. I have to thank everyone from the very onset of my career… To my parents, none of this would be possible without you. And to my friends, I love you dearly, you know who you are. And lastly I just want to say this: Making ‘The Revenant" was about man"s relationship to the natural world. A world that we collectively felt in 2015 as the hottest year in recorded history. Our production needed to move to the southern tip of this planet just to be able to find snow. Climate change is real, it is happening right now. It is the most urgent threat facing our entire species, and we need to work collectively together and stop procrastinating. We need to support leaders around the world who do not speak for the big polluters, but who speak for all of humanity, for the indigenous people of the world, for the billions and billions of underprivileged people out there who would be most affected by this. For our children"s children, and for those people out there whose voices have been drowned out by the politics of greed. I thank you all for this amazing award tonight. Let us not take this planet for granted. I do not take tonight for granted. Thank you so very much.

是为了考研的长难句翻译？1、he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.2、He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.3、On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.4、He adds humbly that perhaps he was superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.5、 Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.6、For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.7、In general,the tests work most effectivelv when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be messured or predicted cannot be well defined. 8、How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount , reliability , and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.9、The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention form the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. 10、Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.11、Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques andtools. 12、"In short" , a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. "13、 Galileo" s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. 14、Whether the Govemment should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice ver- sa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.15、The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact expianation.16、 It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.17、 You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction (归纳法) and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they buiLd up their theories. 18、And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.19、Plobably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree,as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.20、There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior refeued to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.21、To criticise it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticising a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity .22、Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a "valid" or "fair" comparison.23、The first two must be equal for all who are being compared , if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. 24、On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whomhe is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed .25、The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.26、New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had inthe times past.27、 The food supply will not increase nearly enoueh to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.28、This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy Americanfashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.29、Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its pupulation to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all,people will have to accept more "unnatural food" .30、Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.31、On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. 32、But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.33、In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear preps of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories. 34、While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. 35、His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.我手上还有一个关于翻译的辅导教程，如果你要的话不妨留下邮箱

应该没错，相信自己吧。

you are too mean

There Are No VansI remember one Thanksgiving when our family had no money and no food, and someone came knocking on our door. A man was standing there with a huge box of food, a giant turkey and even some pans to cook it in. I couldn"t believe it. My dad demanded, "Who are you? Where are you from?"The stranger announced, "I"m here because a friend of yours knows you"re in need and that you wouldn"t accept direct help, so I"ve brought this for you. Have a great Thanksgiving."My father said, "No, no, we can"t accept this." The stranger replied "You don"t have a choice," closed the door and left.Obviously that experience had a profound impact on my life. I promised myself that someday I would do well enough financially so that I could do the same thing for other people. By the time I was eighteen I had created my Thanksgiving ritual. I like to do things spontaneously, so I would go out shopping and buy enough food for one or two families. Then I would dress like a delivery boy, go to the poorest neighborhood and just knock on a door. I always included a note that explained my Thanksgiving experience as a kid. The note concluded, "All that I ask in return is that you take good enough care of yourself so that someday you can do the same thing for someone else." I have received more from this annual ritual than I have from any amount of money I"ve ever earned.Several years ago I was in New York City with my new wife during Thanksgiving. She was sad because we were not with our family. Normally she would be home decorating the house for Christmas, but we were stuck here in a hotel room.I said, "Honey, look, why don"t we decorate some lives today instead of some old trees?" When I told her what I always do on Thanksgiving, she got excited. I said, "Let"s go someplace where we can really appreciate who we are, what we are capable of and what we can really give. Let"s go to Harlem!" She and several of my business partners who were with us weren"t really enthusiastic about the idea. I urged them: "C"mon, let"s go to Harlem and feed some people in need. We won"t be the people who are giving it because that would be insulting. We"ll just be the delivery people. We"ll go buy enough food for six or seven families for thirty days. We"ve got enough. Let"s just go do it! That"s what Thanksgiving really is: Giving good thanks, not eating turkey. C"mon. Let"s go do it!"Because I had to do a radio interview first, I asked my partners to get us started by getting a van. When I returned from the interview, they said, "We just can"t do it. There are no vans in all of New York. The rent-a-car places are all out of vans. They"re just not available."I said, "Look, the bottom line is that if we want something, we can make it happen! All we have to do is take action. There are plenty of vans here in New York City. We just don"t have one. Let"s go get one."They insisted, "We"ve called everywhere. There aren"t any."I said, "Look down at the street. Look down there. Do you see all those vans?" They said, "Yeah, we see them.""Let"s go get one," I said. First I tried walking out in front of vans as they were driving down the street. I learned something about New York drivers that day: They don"t stop; they speed up.Then we tried waiting by the light. We"d go over and knock on the window and the driver would roll it down, looking at us kind of leery, and I"d say, "Hi. Since today is Thanksgiving, we"d like to know if you would be willing to drive us to Harlem so we can feed some people." Every time the driver would look away quickly, furiously roll up the window and pull away without saying anything.Eventually we got better at asking. We"d knock on the window, they"d roll it down and we"d say, "Today is Thanksgiving. We"d like to help some underprivileged people, and we"re curious if you"d be willing to drive us to an underprivileged area that we have in mind here in New York City." That seemed slightly more effective but still didn"t work. Then we started offering people $100 to drive us. That got us even closer, but when we told them to take us to Harlem, they said no and drove off.We had talked to about two dozen people who all said no. My partners were ready to give up on the project, but I said, "It"s the law of averages: Somebody is going to say yes." Sure enough, the perfect van drove up. It was perfect because it was extra big and would accommodate all of us. We went up, knocked on the window and we asked the driver, "Could you take us to a disadvantaged area? We"ll pay you a hundred dollars."The driver said, "You don"t have to pay me. I"d be happy to take you. In fact, I"ll take you to some of the most difficult spots in the whole city." Then he reached over on the seat and grabbed his hat. As he put it on, I noticed that it said, "Salvation Army." The man"s name was Captain John Rondon and he was the head of the Salvation Army in the South Bronx.We climbed into the van in absolute ecstasy. He said, "I"ll take you places you never even thought of going. But tell me something. Why do you people want to do this?" I told him my story and that I wanted to show gratitude for all that I had by giving something back.Captain Rondon took us into parts of the South Bronx that make Harlem look like Beverly Hills. When we arrived, we went into a store where we bought a lot of food and some baskets. We packed enough for seven families for thirty days. Then we went out to start feeding people. We went to buildings where there were half a dozen people living in one room: "squatters" with no electricity and no heat in the dead of winter surrounded by rats, cockroaches and the smell of urine. It was both an astonishing realization that people lived this way and a truly fulfilling experience to make even a small difference.You see, you can make anything happen if you commit to it and take action. Miracles like this happen every day-even in a city where "there are no vans."

安东尼：当然嘻哈，that1s主要的一个，我喜欢的R＆B的很多余likeold灵魂音乐了。有消息在所有的音乐我听，youknow，我有机会学习有关艺术家和什么they1veseen很多。 I1ve初尝了what1s明智就listeningto将在世界上所有类型的音乐。 卡梅隆：嗯，it1s只是一个特派团施以援手，以贫困kidsand家庭。努力保持离开街头的孩子。我想给回，I1mone的面孔的年轻一代，我想论坛进行的火炬很长时间。 11。你认为是你的成功最重要的呢？卡梅隆：作为重点，集中住宿。 It1s太容易下车的目标。 12。你能描述一个典型的一天的甜瓜给读者？我猜想youmust花了很多时间练习？卡梅隆：唤醒，去健身工作的，首先。然后ifI1m不是在玩或练习，然后I1m只是在食品：房子，playingwith我的儿子。 13。你认为是对作为一个NBA巨星最好的事情？什么是thebiggest改变了NBA带来了吗？卡梅隆：一切与在NBA得来的，是伟大的-所有thepeople你满足，你的地方旅行，所有opportunities.The我最大的变化是认识和实现公正的情况塔蒂格是在这样一个年轻年龄，公正的发展具有非常好的senseof我和我的决定更深入的了解，不仅在篮球，但在现实生活。 14。谈谈你的新约旦M6的运动鞋。安东尼：我每年发布一个新乔丹的签名鞋。随着newJordan M6的，我从设计开始到结束它。主要是，我的影响tocreate有可能的表现在球场上的最高水平，butcould也应佩戴在日常生活中使用过法庭。 15。 Let1s的前一刻赛季比赛的焦点在中国，it1s不thefirst时候你来到中国，什么是中国像你的眼睛？来到这里anyremarkable记忆？卡梅隆：首先，这是真的不同，因为我从来没有toChina，所以我didn1t知道会发生什么。但是一旦我到了那里，花了moretime那里，对文化的了解，it1s几乎成为我的secondhome现在。我一直对中国过去四年时间里，我一直有agood时间。前往长城对我来说是美好的回忆，也justwalking周围，看到what1s进行。 16。疯狂的球迷，尤其是当你是美国了。 Differentcultures带来令人惊讶的经验。请您与我们分享thecraziest你与球迷的故事？卡梅隆：Let1s只是说我得到解决后由球迷很多，到处艾戈，每次I1m在中国。 17。 It1s 1场季前赛，但它已经在新赛季，什么是新赛季yourgoal？卡梅隆：要赢得总冠军，that1s是唯一的。 18。可有任何别的我们的读者分享？卡梅隆：不是，我只是can1t等待去中国。余can1t等待发挥thereagain！