or vice versa 和 and vice versa有区别么？

THE PLURAL AND VICE VERSA复数，反之亦然双语例句1Words importing the singular include the plural and vice versa.单数词包含其复数形态，反之亦然。2Words importing the singular only also include the plural and vice versa where the context requires.仅表明单数形式的词也包括复数含义，视合同上下文需要而定，反之亦然。

This is a high-speed development of science and technology society, which is a flamboyant, the pursuit of self-worth reflects social. With the changing everything around, some people questioned have existed for decades the college entrance examination system, that it has been unable to meet the needs of today"s society, and become a backward system gradually.However, as an ordinary high school student, I do not agree.First of all, it is undeniable that the national college entrance examination as exam, supplied a large number of useful talents for the society in all walks of life. Every year, millions of students through the entrance of a stepping stone leading to their own better future, we should acknowledge that the entrance examination to create the conditions for the most diligent student, it is the economic development of China"s science and technology played a role immensely.Second, in the late 1980s, China break the national allocation system, the role of the college entrance examination is a little weakened. With mention in rich learning pathways, as well as abroad PubMed, and so the more ways a way but not college entrance. Although the exam in some extent determines your future, but on the ability and quality of this fancy social success of the college entrance examination and can not bring about the defeat of all, on the contrary, the examination can not be destroyed by your total negation. As long as you have a really hard work, gold will shine.Third, I would like for each of our high school students, college entrance examination is not just a test, it is a life tempered, is an integral part in the growth process. Through the system to learn the knowledge of all aspects of the psychological qualities enhanced through an exam process, we can not only admitted to a good university, and more into social accumulated a valuable asset for the future.All in all, the college entrance examination due to their own conditions, may be the shortcomings of the rigid mode, but it is indeed a modern society can provide the most equitable scale a measure of the quality of individual ability level, it should not be negated, but should be more active, more sunshine state of mind to face it.

最二楼正解。。。另：最好套用现成英文模板以避免chinglish的那种run on sentence

问题一：符合条件用英语怎么说 qualified 问题二：“如果你可以满足这些条件”用英语怎么说 如果你可以满足这些条件”的英文翻译_百度翻译 如果你可以满足这些条件” If you can meet these conditions 全部释义和例句试试人工翻译 如果你可以满足这些条件”的英文翻译_百度翻译 如果你可以满足这些条件” If you can meet these conditions 全部释义和例句试试人工翻译 问题三："如果经济条件允许"用英语怎么说 楼上说的都不错，再补充点： 如果是说个人的经济能力，可以说：If I can afford it 或是 under the control of my ability 若是其它的，可以说：if the financial condition is allowed / permitte鸡 ....都很地道 问题四：“应用条件”或者“适用条件”英文怎么翻译？ “应用条件”-------applicable conditions (== conditions that can be applied to - -- - ) “适用偿件”-------applying conditions (== conditions that can apply to - - -- ) Yours should be meant in the ways above or vice versa. 问题五：生活条件用英语怎么说 生活条件 living conditions life condition

英语翻译技巧 考翻译资格证必看 　　引导语：下面是我整理的关于一些考翻译资格证书必须要看的翻译技巧，我觉得学会这些技巧肯定能为你的翻译技能锦上添花。 　　一、增加原文中省略的部分 　　(一)增补回答句中省略的词语 　　Do you like sport? Yes, I do. 　　你喜欢体育运动吗?是的，我喜欢体育运动。 　　Are you tired? Not very. 　　你累了吗?不太累。 　　(二)增补并列结构中省略的词语 　　We donu2019t retreat, we never have and never will。 　　我们不后退，我们从没有后退过，将来也决不后退。(we never have and never will=we never have retreated and never will retreat) 　　A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money. 　　愚人会很快忘记说过的话，智者会很快放弃手里的钱。(a man of genius and his money=a man of genius and his money are soon parted) 　　(三)增补表示逻辑关系或者平衡结构的词语 　　有时候英语原文中并没有表达逻辑关系的词语，但根据上文可以判断出其隐含的逻辑关系，如假设、让步、因果关系等，在翻译时要适当加以补充。 　　Without a sense of your fault, how can repentance and amendment be expected? 　　如果对自己的错误都不能认识到，怎么能指望你会悔改呢? 　　Students should learn from teachers and vice versa. 　　学生应该想老师学习，老师也应该向学生学习。 　　二、增加意义上或修辞上的需要上的部分 　　(一)增加动词 　　根据上下文的具体意义，在翻译时经常需要在某些名词及动词之前或之后增加动词，才能使译文的意思明确完整，读起来也较通顺自然，符合汉语习惯。 　　He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech. 　　他没有致闭幕辞就宣布结束会议。 　　He spoke hopefully of the success of the negotiation. 　　他满怀希望地说谈判会取得成功。 　　After the basketball match, the chairman still has an important meeting. 　　在观看篮球比赛之后，主席还有一个重要会议要参加。 　　(二)增加形容词或者副词 　　根据原文的上下文，有些动词在一定场合可增加适当的副词，才能确切表达原意。 　　What a leader he was! 　　他真是一个出类拔萃的领袖啊。 　　The crowds melted away. 　　人群渐渐散开了。 　　As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 　　他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。 　　(三)增加名词 　　1.在不及物动词后面增加名词 　　英语中有些动词有时用作及物动词，有时用作不及物动词，当它作不及物动词用时，宾语实际上是隐含在动词后面的，译成汉语时往往需要把它表达出来。例如To wash before meal 是“饭前洗手”，如果不译出隐含的宾语“手”，译文“饭前洗一洗”的意思就不明确。同样， 　　To wash after getting up 和To wash before going to bed也应分别译成“起床后洗脸”和“睡前洗脚”了。 　　Day after day he came to his work u2013sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 　　他每天来干活——扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。 　　He never drinks before driving. 　　他开车前从不喝酒。 　　Aunt Harriet used to entertain lavishly. 　　哈丽特阿姨时常慷慨地款待客人。 　　2.在形容词前增加名词 　　This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine. 　　这部打字机真是价廉物美。 　　A new kind of aircraft—small, cheap, pilotless—is attracting increasing attention. 　　一种新型的飞机正越来截止引起人们的注意——这种飞机体积不大，价钱便宜，无人驾驶。 　　3.在抽象名词后增加名词 　　某些由动词或形容词派生来的抽象名词，翻译时可根据上下文在其后面增添适当的名词，解释具体，从而使译文更合乎规范。如： 　　to innovate革新——innovation革新措施 　　to evolve进化——evolution进化过程 　　to solve解决——solution解决方法 　　to derive推导——derivation推导过程 　　to persuade说服——persuasion说服工作 　　to prepare准备——preparation准备工作 　　backward落后——backwardness落后状态 　　tense紧张——tension紧张局势 　　arrogant自满——arrogance自满情绪 　　mad疯狂——madness疯狂行为 　　antagonistic敌对——antagonism敌对态度 　　redundant多余——redundancy多余信息 　　After all preparations were made, our meeting will begin. 　　一切准备工作就绪以后，会议就开始。 　　They wanted to ease the tension in the Middle East. 　　他们试图缓解中东的紧张局势。 　　(四)增加表示名词复数的词 　　汉语名词的.复数没有词形变化，很多情况下不必表达出来。但要表达指多数人的名词时，可在该名词后面加“们”字，如“the teachers”“教师们”，或在该名词前面加上“诸位”、“各(位)”，如“ladies and gentlemen”诸位(各位)女士和先生。此外，英语名词复数，汉译时还可以根据情况，增加重迭词、数词或其它一些词来表达，这样做可以让汉语译文更加通顺，更加完整。 　　1.增加重迭词表示复数 　　Flowers bloom all over the yard. 　　朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。 　　There were rows of houses which he had never seen before. 　　一排排的房子，都是他从来没有见过的。 　　2.增加数词或其他词表示复数 　　The lion is the king of animals. 　　狮是百兽之王。 　　We have to face different problems. 　　我们得面对各种不同的问题。 　　Mr. Hobbs didnu2019t talk over my suggestions with his brother until yesterday afternoon. 　　直到昨天下午，霍布斯先生才跟他兄弟讨论了我的各项建议。 　　(五)增加表达时态的词 　　英语动词的时态靠动词词形变化(如write, wrote)或加助动词(如will write , have written)来表达的。汉语动词没有词形变化，表达时态要靠增加汉语特有的时态助词或一些表示时间的词。如：翻译完成时往往用“曾”、“已经”、“过”、“了”;翻译进行时往往用“在”、“正在”、“着”;翻译将来时往往用“将”、“就”、“会”、“便”、“就要”等等。除此之外，为了强调时间概念或强调时间上的对比，往往需要加一些其它的词。 　　1.对某种时间概念作强调时，往往要加一些词。 　　Ihad known two great social systems. 　　那时以前，我就经历过两大社会制度。(这里除了用“过”字外，还增加了“那时以前”，强调过去完成的动作。) 　　The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him. 　　那位老人已经教会了孩子捕鱼，所以孩子很爱他。 　　2.强调时间上的对比时，往往需要加一些词。 　　Man, was, is and always will be trying to improve his living conditions. 　　人类过去、现在而且将来总是在尽力改善生活条件。 　　I was, and remain, grateful for the part he played in my release. 　　我的获释是他成全的，对此我过去很感激，现在仍然很感激。 　　The high-altitude plane was and still is a remarkable bird. 　　该高空飞机过去是现在仍然是一种了不起的飞机。 ;

1.Accent口音It"s difficult to make clear distinctions between US and UK accents when there is such a wide variety of accents within both the US and UK. A Texan and a New Yorker are both Americans, but have very different accents. The same goes for British accents in London, Manchester and Glasgow.要区别清楚美式英语和英式英语是很困难的，因为美国和英国都各自有着各式各样的口音。德克萨斯人和纽约人都是美国人，但是他们的口音也是相当不同的。对于英式口音也一样，在伦敦、曼彻斯特和格拉斯哥的口音也是不一样的。However, some very general distinctions can be made. Americans usually pronounce every “r” in a word, while the British tend to only pronounce the “r” when it"s the first letter of a word.然而，（美式英语和英式英语）也有一些一般的区别。美国人会读出单词里的每个“r”音，而英国人则倾向于只发单词中的第一个“r”音。下面来看一下更加具象化的二者差异：2.Spelling拼写含义 美式英语 英式英语 颜色 color colour 行为，态度 behavior behaviour 剧院 theater theatre 米，公尺 meter metre 组织 organize organise 旅行（过去式） traveled travelled 3.Vocabulary词汇含义 美式英语 英式英语 公寓 apartment flat 大学 college university 剧院 theater theatre 假期，休假 vacation holiday 炸马铃薯片 chips crisps 炸薯条 (french) fries chips 电影院 the movies the cinema 软饮料 soda / pop / coke / soft drink soft drink / fizzy drink 软运动鞋 sneakers / tennis shoes trainers 针织套衫 sweater jumper 邮箱 mailbox postbox 创可贴，石膏 band-aid plaster 药店 drugstore chemist"s 足球 soccer football 饼干 cookie biscuit 4.Grammar语法Prepositions介词The differences below are only a general rule. American speech has influenced Britain via pop culture, and vice versa. Therefore, some prepositional differences are not as pronounced as they once were.下面举例的区别只是一般规则。美国人的讲话方式通过流行文化影响到了英式英语，反之亦然。因此，有些介词上的区别并不是像它们曾经那样明显了。中文 美式英语 英式英语 这周末我要去参加一个派对。 I"m going to a party on the weekend. I"m going to a party at the weekend. 你圣诞节要做什么呢？ What are you doing on Christmas? What are you doing at Christmas? 从周一到周五。 Monday through Friday. Monday to Friday. 这跟其他人不一样。 It"s different from/than the others. It"s different from/to the others. 5.Past Simple vs Present Perfect一般过去时和现在完成时Americans tend to use the past simple when describing something that has recently occurred, while people in the UK are more likely to use the present perfect.美国人倾向于使用一般过去时去描述刚刚发生的事情，而英国人则更可能使用现在完成时来描述过去刚刚发生的事情。中文 美式英语 英式英语 我吃太多了。 I ate too much. I"ve eaten too much. 我去过商店了。 I went to the store. I"ve been to the shop. 从周一到周五。 Monday through Friday. Monday to Friday. 你拿到报纸了吗？ Did you get the newspaper? Have you got the newspaper? 6.The past participle of getGet的过去分词区别In the UK, “gotten” as the past participle of “get” is considered archaic and was abandoned long ago in favor of “got” .However, in the US people still use “gotten” as the past participle.在英国，用“gotten”作为“get”的过去分词形式是被认为很老派的，并且在很久之前就使用“got”来取代“gotten”了。然而，在美国，人们仍然使用“gotten”做为“get”的过去分词。中文 美式英语 英式英语 得到 get — got — gotten get — got — got 我还没有收到关于他的消息。 I haven"t gotten any news about him. I"ve not got any news about him. 7.Collective nouns: singular or plural?集合名词：单数还是复数？In British English, a collective noun (like committee, government, team, etc.) can be either singular or plural, but more often tends toward plural, emphasizing the members of the group. Collective nouns in the US, by comparison, are always singular, emphasizing the group as one whole entity.在英式英语中，集合名词（比如committee, government, team等等）作为单数和复数都是可以的，不过更多的情况下往往是倾向于复数，用来强调小组里的成员们。相比之下，在美国，集合名词总是单数形式，强调群体作为一个整体。中文 美式英语 英式英语 政府在这次危机期间做了它能做的一切。 The government is doing everything it can during this crisis. The government are doing everything they can during this crisis. 我的队伍赢了。 My team is winning. My team are winning. 8.Regular or irregular verbs?规则动词和不规则动词This is a subtle difference that can be easily overlooked in speech, but is much more apparent in written form. Many verbs that are irregular in the preterite in Britain (leapt, dreamt, burnt, learnt) have been made regular in America (leaped, dreamed, burned, learned).在口语中，规则动词和不规则动词的微妙区别是很容易被忽视的，不过在书面形式中会比较明显。许多动词在英国的过去时态中是不规则的（leapt, dreamt, burnt, learnt），到了美国就是规则动词了（leaped, dreamed, burned, learned）。

我可以说对英语是一窍不通，只会点基本的单词（上学的时候没认真学，呵呵），我现在想要自学下，，哪位朋友能给点意见. 青岛家教网： 我觉得英语主要是单词，多记忆单词是明智的 英语无外乎听、说、读、写。读和写我不说了，把单词掌握好，不要说需要记多少个，总之越多越好。 听力是很重要的多练习听力，听磁带、MP3，甚至听老外讲话。而且要持之以恒，不能三天打鱼两天晒网。学习英语不是一日之功，需要日积月累，而且作为一门语言，都有其语感，这是一种感觉，当你学习到一定程度后，一些语法问题都会在语感中找到，语法也要掌握好，要记住对的，多做练习。 说，我们练得很少，一般不会和别人用英语交谈，所以要多下功夫，白天可以大声朗读，这样可以培养语感，也可以练习说，当然，发音等问题要学习好。 我的英语也是自学的，现在早过四级了，准备考六级。我就是通过这种方法学习的，朋友。我就是每天记一些单词，然后听英语磁带或是看看英语的电影，而且在书店也买了不少英语参考书和习题集拿来做，学好英语没有捷径，只有努力和时间。也许我的方法不太适合你的情况，多包涵，不过我自认为是比较实用的。只要你肯努力，相信你会成功的。首先需要持之以恒的精神！ 不怕困难，懂得使用正确的方法！ 首先在课前先要预习本科将要学习的单词，接着最好有英语词典（不会的单词用英语词典来查），最后要想记住所学的要反复地读；练；写。 反正我是这样学的，效果不错，希望对你有帮助。但是还有一点，上课不认真学，可就在努力，也达不到最好的效果。努力学习哦！ 1、认真听课，掌握重点，抓住核心句 课文是老师教我们学习英语的最主要材料，老师在课堂上会进行认真的讲解，所以学习课文首先要认真听老师对课文中的语言知识和用法进行的讲解，按照老师的讲解掌握课文的重点，必要的内容要做好笔记，然后根据老师的讲解和自己的判断，从课文中找出对自己最具有价值的核心句。我们要完全弄懂并掌握核心例句以及重要知识点的语义和用法。 2、背诵或复述课文，全面提高能力，逐步培养语感 很多同学认为背诵或复述课文对提高英语交际能力和成绩没有什么用。其实，之所以会有这种错误观点是因为这些同学没有认清背诵和复述课文的真正意义，没有掌握利用背诵和复述来掌握英语语言材料的方法，亦没有在理解的基础上背诵和复述。实际上，背诵和复述课文的真正目的不在背诵和复述本身，而在于通过完成理解基础上的背诵和复述，掌握课文中所的单词、句型结构、语法等知识点；掌握核心句式，掌握语感，培养语感。所以，在背诵和复述时，一定要掌握所背诵的每个句子的语义、结构和交际功能，掌握课文中每个单词的词义和用法，并能够自如地利用课文中的句子、单词、语法形式进行不同交际功能和不同表达结构的替换练习，直至能自如地将课文中的句式、单词、语法形式行等运用来交际表达中去。就是说，背诵和复述课文的基本要求在于完全理解课文，其真正目的在于掌握课文中所有知识点的语义和用法，并能够灵活运用于交际表达中。 3、灵活运用课文内容，提高交际能力和成绩 课文学习是整个英语学习的基础，学习英语的各个方面都可以体现和结合到课文学习之中。词汇和短语的用法首先是通过具体的课文 学习的，语法知识也体现在课文中，可以通过具体课文的学习来掌握,交际表达的基本句式也是从课文中学到的，阅读理解、完形填空、书面表达等能力都可以通过课文学习而提高。这最关键的是我们要学会灵活运用课文内容。比如，我们可以把学习课文和培养阅读理解能力结合起来，在学习课文之前进行限时浏览性阅读，然后解答一些阅读理解问题，在学完课文后解答一些深层理解性阅读理解习题，或者阅读同类型阅读材料、同主题阅读材料、同特征阅读材料等；或者每一课学习一种阅读理解的解题方式、培养一种阅读理解的解题技巧。我们在掌握课文内容之后，要善于总结课文中的核心句。从课文中把核心句总结出来，完全掌握核心例句的语义、用法与结构，以这些核心句为中心，进行专项和综合性训练，从而达到完全自如地在听说读写中运用这些句式。如果学习每一课，我们能完全掌握五个句子，那么在初中阶段我们就能完全掌握并正确自如地运用400多个核心句，只要每个句子含有2.5个生词，我们就能轻松地掌握初中英语大纲规定的词汇。只要我们真正完全掌握了这400多个句中的词汇、短语、语法形式和交际功能，能够正确而且自如地运用这400个核心句进行听说读写，我们就基本掌握了初中英语。在此基础上，只要熟悉考试要求，取得理想的成绩就不难了。

《有其父必有其子》

Metaphor of the national character of the word translation of metaphor is based on the impact of words on a Lenovo similar or related, it is like a mirror reflects the mentality of a nation"s society, so many metaphors using the image description, borrowing, etc. has caused a large number of associations of vocabulary. As a result of the historical development of the different ethnic groups, which each had an analogy with a particular person or thing words to reflect the colors of this nation"s history and culture, which gives an analogy marked with distinctive national mark.For example: in English "to meet one"S Waterloo" (took a plunge) is derived from the 19th century in the Belgian town of Napoleon"s Waterloo defeat of the historical events, it is now commonly used to describe the tragic failure, but there is a Chinese proverb, "defeated Mai City" refers to the ancient Shu three countries, after the famous general Guan Yu was defeated retreat Mai city historical events, are now commonly used to describe failed. These two words were derived from different historical events, in the expression "tragic failure" in that sense there is similar to the Miao, although figurative meaning possess the same, but their respective national characteristics are clear. Another example of Chinese idiom "burning his boats," a phrase from the "Historical Records", used an analogy burning our bridges, determined to do in the end. In English burn one"S boats, originally referred to the Roman army of Julius Caesar crossed Rubicon River by boat after the boat was totally destroyed, as an escape route to the soldiers that have been broken, only the desperate battle, which is in Chinese the "most drastic" can be said to be exactly the same.Again, in the Han culture, the rabbit is a symbol of go-fast, so in the ancient Chinese, there are "quiet, if at the child, moving, if de-Rabbit" was a rabbit, but in English it is "cowardly" and a symbol, so have a as timid as a hare (as timid as a rabbit), while in Chinese use the word "timid as a mouse" to describe the coward. A person described in Chinese thin, and say "thin monkey" in English saying asthin as a shadow (as thin as a shadow); Chinese language to describe a person poor, and said, "the poor like beggars," said that as poor as in English a churchmouse (poor as church mice); in Chinese "big spenders", "bottom fishing for the moon", the corresponding English language is to spend money likewater (to spend money like water) and fishing in the air (air fishing).The above examples show that the expression of various national languages distinct features, and is the other language and culture can not be replaced. Thus, in the translation process, we should respect different cultures around the terms of the characteristics and personality, to retain their language in the form of existence and expression. 6 regional and cultural differences affect the translation of the word we all know, Britain is an island, ocean"s role in national development in the history of important. Therefore, the English see, boat, water, etc. and marine and maritime-related words are often given a special feeling and implied meaning.The following words have come to reflect this geographic and cultural characteristics: to feel under the water do not feel all at sea at a loss at a loss to keep one"s head above water go all out to trim your sails both ways and the Han nationality living in the Asian continent will continue to proliferate people"s lives is inseparable from land, pine, bamboo, plum and other plants have been given a special feeling and implication for the lyrical care Zhi, Yu Shuli things, such as "Songhe Nian", "with confidence" and so on. Made of different geographical and cultural expression of the two languages in some way affected. For example Chinese "big spenders," said the extravagance and waste, English is spend money like water; commonly used in Chinese, "mushroom" to describe the new things in large numbers, the corresponding English is spring up like mushroom.Regional cultural differences, in addition to English and the two peoples or things of the same phenomenon using different forms of verbal expression, but also manifested in the right direction and its corresponding orientation of different perception on the matter. If the orientation of the concept of Han nationality in the east of respect for (El out of the East), West of Peel (Western El drop), south of respect, the North for the humble, often said: "vice versa" "from south to north "In addition to the English culture is exactly the contrary, the Anglo-American people are understood on the basis of regional culture from English, so the southeast, northeast, southwest, northwest and the like are words of orientation: southeast, northeast, southwest, northwest

Read and translate阅读和翻译We learned how to read and translate from English into Chinese and vice versa, but we weren"t given enough practice in English speaking. 我们学习如何阅读以及将英文译成中文或将中文译成英文。 但我们并未充分地练习英文会话。

和你

考虑图1所示的试验装置这个例子。图中有一条蚂蚁行走的路径（例如从食物源A到巢穴E，反之亦然，见图1（a））。突然出现了一个障碍，于是路径被切断了。所以在B位置，由A到E的蚂蚁（或者在D位置沿着相反方向），不得不决定是向左转还是向右转（见图1（b））。选择是受到先前走过该路径的蚂蚁所留下的信息素痕迹的浓度的影响。路径右侧高浓度的信息素给蚂蚁更强烈的刺激，因此也更可能向右转。第一个到达B点（或D点）的蚂蚁，向左或向右转的可能性是一样的（因为在这两条路径上，没有先前留下的信息素）。因为路径BCD比路径BHD要短，第一个走路径BCD的蚂蚁会比第一个走路经BHD的蚂蚁先到达D(如图1(c))。结果就是从E返回到D的蚂蚁会在路径DCB上发现更强烈的信息素，这是由于全部返回的蚂蚁中，有一半会随机的选择路径DCBH来通过障碍，还有就是已经来到的蚂蚁中有些通过了路径BCD：所以它们就更会选择（从概率上讲）路径DCB而不是路径BHD。结果，单位时间内通过路径BCD的蚂蚁就会比通过路经BHD的蚂蚁数量多。这就导致了在短路径上的信息素浓度增长得要比在长路径上快得多。这样对于单个的蚂蚁来说，它选择路径的可能性就会很快的倾向于短的那条。最终的结果就是，很快的所有的蚂蚁都会选择更短的那条路径。在余下的章节里我们要详细描述的算法，原型就是从研究真实蚂蚁集群得到的。因此我们把我们的系统称作蚂蚁系统（AS），我们所提出的算法就叫做蚂蚁算法。我们并不是对模拟蚂蚁群体感兴趣，而是对利用人工的蚂蚁群体作为一种最优化工具感兴趣，我们的系统与真正的（自然界的）蚁群有一些主要的不同：u2022人工的蚂蚁会有一些记忆，u2022它们并不是完全瞎的，u2022它们生活在一个时间离散的环境中。

我们上学时课上学的都是偏英式的英语，但工作环境和实际生活运用中，英式英语和美式英语的少数词汇和表达习惯的差异性是根深蒂固存在的，但它是不影响我们交流的。学英式英语还是美式英语，关键看你的出发点。我平时只需要应付各式各样的英语考试，大考，小考，四六级，英语演讲啥的，不需要用到美式英语，因此我的内心实际偏向英式英语。“英语”起源于英国，理论上英式英语才是正宗的英语。英式英语听起来深沉、睿智、内敛、优雅、高贵、质感。其实，美式英语占据了同样重要的地位，美国好莱坞是世界电影制造基地，每每国际大片，大多数演员不都说美式英语吗？纽约华尔街乃世界金融中心，国际商务交流贸易往来中，不也是讲美式英语吗？美式英语、英式英语带来了各自国家的文化输出，不知不觉间改变着我们的英语选词、单词拼写、英语发音和语言表达习惯。学英式英语还是美式英语，关键看你的出发点考试？国际交流？日常交流？就具体的考试而言：托福考试是美国主办的，录音也肯定是美国人读的雅思是英国主办的，听力部分就是英国人读的雅思（IELTS）是为了与托福竞争而推出的测试系统，IELTS(International English Language Testing System)的意思是“国际英语语言测试系统”，它的命题不会以英式英语特有的内容为重。研究生入学考试的英语一和英语二都是国家教育部考试中心组织命题的。开个玩笑说，就是中式英语。第一考查基本的语言知识，如词汇和语法，第二考查阅读理解能力，语篇内容比较学术和正式，但是不涉及单一学科的专业知识，同样，它不倾向于某一国的英语，也就是不会特意使用某个国家特有的成语、俚语等，阅读材料大多来自于英美正式读物，如果是英国人写的，可能英式英语的元素会多一些，同理来自美国读物的，可能会有美式英语的元素，但是基本不会因此出现理解困难。在翻译和写作方面，当然就看你自己的英语语言运用能力了。就国际交流而言：从80年代初至今，两三代人都争着考托福去美国，自然而然地在中国学习美语成为了一种流行趋势，但这并不意味着英式英语的影响力就弱了。很多人考雅思去欧洲发达国家，被欧洲的历史悠久的文化所吸引，官方语言中大部分都是英语，那么毫无疑问更加偏向英式英语了。在我国官方场合，我们的英语不论是发音还是文字表达都是偏向英式英语的。当然无论学英式还是美式英语，都需要发音精确，与native speaker对话交流是最直接有效的方式。英语学习环境是根本，有的朋友在家完全就是自问自答，所以具备好的语言环境很重要，但当你有一个native speaker的伙伴，我相信你说一口流利的英语不是难事。口语学习，与native speaker对话交流是最快速提升的方式，与native speaker练topic，这样的练习方式是提高语调和发音最好的，然后说多了自然语句思维都比较native，要是基础好语法过关的话，还对写作有很大帮助。陶行知说生活即教育。语言的学习正是如此，浸润在什么样的语言环境中，自然会形成什么样的表达习惯，而口音，只是其中很小一部分。

versa应该跟 vice一起用 vice versa是反之亦然的意思. versa是个拉丁语词,意思是“相反”.是versus的一个什么格来着.记不太清了.

歌曲名:Boy Meets Girl (And Vice Versa)歌手:FM Static专辑:3 Out Of 4 Ain T BadFM Static - Boy Meets Girl (And Visa Versa)There she was,Time stopped when she walked by,She"s an angel of fashion,With her wings flown high,She"s the queen, of everybody"s social scene,You know what I mean?She moves like royalty, in the flesh,Her hair blows perfectly, never messed,Think I have asthma, ‘cause she took my breathe,Away…Let me tell ya…..She moves, just like a rocket,Shooting through the sky, just to make you watch it,And fireworks go off, whenever she comes my wayShe must have been sent, from another planet,To break my concentration,And change, my understanding,‘Cause until now, I thought,That all girls were the same….Now she"s comin" over, what do I do now?Says she loves her Jesus, and she loves herself,Wish I wasn"t wearin" this shirt somehow…It"s too late nowShe moves like royalty, in the flesh,Her hair blows perfectly, never messed,Think I have asthma, ‘cause she took my breathe,Away…Let me tell ya…..She moves, just like a rocket,Shooting through the sky, just to make you watch it,And fireworks go off, whenever she comes my wayShe must have been sent, from another planet,To break my concentration,And change, my understanding,‘Cause until now, I thought,That all girls were the same…http://music.baidu.com/song/2803264

The Importance of Communication When I first started taking projects on RAC,I passed through a typical period of lurking; poking around and looking at all the details for various projects.I was even reading the comments from coders to buyers and vice versa,in their online resumes.It seems to me that there was a word that was present in most of the comments:"Excellent Communication","Good Communication","Communication is superb". It is clear that many people were evaluating someone by his/her communication skills.Being a hardcore coder for many years I always believed that I must be judged by the final outcome of the project.In RAC,I discovered that this is partially true.A great implementation of a project will make the buyer accept the project 100% but if the communication is pour during the development of the project,neither the buyer nor the coder would like to cooperate again.Good communication will ensure repeating work between the same buyer and coder. I strongly believe that the secret of successfull projects is "Communication"!If the buyer and the coder can communicate well,the project is only a matter of time to finish.Communication doesn"t only mean that both parties have to speak the same language.It means more than that.It has to do with the wealth of information that is exchanged between them.Communication must be fluent,clear and enriched with meaningful information. Many projects have failed to be completed and went to arbitration because the buyer and coder failed to communicate efficiently.Here is an example from my own personal experience.During the development of a project,the buyer was constantly sending me short,cryptic e-mails.I always had to reply back and clarify even minor details.Chatting with him online wasn"t proved useful either. He didn"t really know what he wanted.Sometimes,when he replied to my long e-mails it was hard to read his replies because he didn"t even use paragraphs to separate my text from his.When I finished the project,I got a 10 and a nice comment but only I,knew how hard it was to complete it.It was a nightmare.Most of my time on the project was spent trying to communicate with him.I estimated that I spent double the time that it was worth for this project.Do you think that this was an extreme example?Think again.It is very possible to happen to you if you fail to communicate. Buyers must clearly specify their needs before they post a project.You don"t have to be a system analyst in order to do this efficiently.Write as many details as you can and give examples.Coders are not magicians.They can"t guess what you want.During the development,constantly comment on the work.Always check the various steps and make sure that you are moving into the correct direction.Praise the coder if he finishes a nice tricky part of the project.Most coders are take pride in their work.Reward them if they take the extra mile for you. Coders must have patience.Buyers aren"t always experts in technical terms.Don"t use technical lingoes to show off.It is better to explain things in simple words,one step at a time.In the long run this is going to save you time.If the buyer has a strong technical background about the project then you can use the appropriate terminology.During the development,keep a constant communication flow.Be sensitive about the buyers needs.Don"t keep him in the dark about what you are doing.It is always a good idea to send daily short reports even for the smaller projects.This will assure that you are on the right track. A successful project completion depends on many factors."Communication" is the most important one.You can"t go wrong if you make a lot of effort to communicate the best you can. 节选其中的段落句子吧.

　　Lou Gehrig: Farewell to Baseball AddressFans, for the past two weeks you have been reading about the bad break I got. 　　Yet today I consider myself the luckiest man on the face of the earth.I have been in ballparks for seventeen years and have never received anything but kindness and encouragement from you fans. 　　Look at these grand men. 　　Which of you wouldn"t consider it the highlight of his career just to associate with them for even one day?Sure I"m lucky.Who wouldn"t consider it an honor to have known Jacob Ruppert? Also, the builder of baseball"s greatest empire, Ed Barrow? To have spent six years with that wonderful little fellow, Miller Huggins? Then to have spent the next nine years with that outstanding leader, that smart student of psychology, the best manager in baseball today, Joe McCarthy?Sure I"m lucky.When the New York Giants, a team you would give your right arm to beat, and vice versa, sends you a gift - that"s something. 　　 我精心推荐 　　When everybody down to the groundskeepers and those boys in white coats remember you with trophies -- that"s something. 　　When you have a wonderful mother-in-law who takes sides with you in squabbles with her own daughter -- that"s something.When you have a father and a mother who work all their lives so you can have an education and build your body -- it"s a blessing.When you have a wife who has been a tower of strength and shown more courage than you dreamed existed -- that"s the finest I know.So, I close in saying that I might have been given a bad break, but Ive got an awful lot to live for. 　　 我精心推荐

Charity is the responsibility for all of us I really think a person living on the earth should do something helpful and useful to others.Why?The reason is obvious.Because nobody can foresee tomorrow,if you do not give your hand to others today,maybe tomorrow when you are in trouble,similarly,nobody will help you out.However,vice versa.Therefore,if you are able to help others in trouble,please do not hesitate,just do it!With charity from everyone of us,the world can be brighter and more beautiful.

礼尚往来Courtesydemandsreciprocity.或者Courtesycallsforreciprocity.dealwithsb.ashedealswithyou.比较中性，翻译成礼尚往来或者以牙还牙都可以。礼尚往来。往而不来，非礼也；来而不往，亦非礼也。Proprietysuggestsreciprocity.Itisnotproprietynottogiveoutbuttoreceive,orviceversa.

随着临床药物的不断改进和创新，只要坚持规范服药，保持良好的依从性，就有可能长期控制艾滋病情的进展。但前提是你要搞清楚你有没有染上HIV，这个可以通过科学地检测得到答案。

1. 英语小作文我擅长写语文作文 Today is Friday,I have many lessons today. In the morning,we have math,history,English and Chinese.I like English very much,because I think Enlish is easy and interesting. In the afternoon,we have three individual study classes（自习课）and a handwriting class.Do you know what class I like?It"s handwriting class,because on that class,I can learn how to write the world（怎样写好字）. This is my Friday.What about yours?Tell me something about your week! 2. 英语作文"我的擅长" 60个单词以上 ---My hobbies Almost everybody has some kind of hobby. My hobbies are listening to music and watching television. I am very fond of music. When I am free, I often listen to my favorite songs from an old cassette recorder. At weekends, I usually go to music shops in the downtown areas to buy good CDs. Of the famous pop singers, I prefer Frank Sinatra, Elvis Presley, Madona and Paul MC Cartney. I also spend an hour after dinner watching news and documentary programmes. I particularly enjoy the program "The World Here and There" because it broadens my knowledge of nature and human civilizations. I think that my hobbies are very useful. They widen my knowledge, relax my mind, and make me feel better about myself. 3. 我最擅长的事英语作文 I love singing and I am very good at it. My father loves singing, too. He teaches me lots of songs. I take a great interest in music because music can help me relax. My music teacher thinks I have a good voice. She teaches me how to sing after school. With her help, I win lots of prizes in different petitions. I want to be a famous singer in the future.。 4. 关于我擅长演讲的英语作文 My hobbies Different people have different hobbies, I often cycling to play with my clas *** ates. It is especially good for health. It is good exercise.and it"s one of my hobbies,I enjoy reading very much.For reading books,I can get lots of knowledge from reading,and get a sense of the outside world,it"s wonderful.我的爱 5. 英语小作文我擅长写语文作文 Today is Friday,I have many lessons today.In the morning,we have math,history,English and Chinese.I like English very much,because I think Enlish is easy and interesting.In the afternoon,we have three individual study classes（自习课）and a handwriting class.Do you know what class I like?It"s handwriting class,because on that class,I can learn how to write the world（怎样写好字）.This is my Friday.What about yours?Tell me something about your week!。 6. 我擅长什么 英语作文 初一水平50词 很高兴第一时间为您解答，祝学习进步。如有问题请及时追问，谢谢~~O（∩_∩）O 如果你认可我的回答，请及时点击【采纳为满意回答】按钮 ~~手机提问的亲在客户端右上角评价点【满意】即可。 ~你的采纳是我前进的动力~~Nowadays, English has bee the international standard language.As China is stepping to the internationalization, learning English is more and more important.But many people find it hard to learn English well.According to my own learning experience, I think determination, read English materials and patience are the most significant. 如今，英语已经成为国际标准语言。由于中国正在迈向国际化，学习英语变得越来越重要。但是许多人发现很难学好英语。根据我自己的学习经验，我觉得决心，阅读英语材料和耐心是最重要的。 First of all, doing everything needs determination.Determination is a prerequisite to do something.When facing difficulty, the people who have determination will insist, on contrary, the people who don"t have determinatin are easily give up.Thus, if people wants to do something well, the first thing they need to do is to make up their mind.Secondly, reading English materials is a great help for learning English.It can help people raise sense for English language, have interest and confidence in Engilsh.That will help people a lot in the process of learning.Last, patience is necessary in English learning.Most people will feel difficult to learn English at the beginning.The people without patience will often upset towards learning English.As a result, it will increase the difficulties of learning English and vice versa. 首先，做所有的事情都需要决心。决心是做一件事的一个先决条件。面对困难时，有决心的人会坚持下去，相反，那些没有决心的人则很容易放弃。因此，如果有人想完成一件事情，他们要做的第一件事是下定决心。其次，阅读英语材料对学习英语有很大的帮助。它可以帮助人们提高英语语感，对英语有兴趣和信心 。这将在学习的过程中对人们的帮助很大。最后，耐心在英语学习中是必须的。刚开始学习英语的时候大多数人都会觉得很难。没有耐心的人对学习英语会经常感到心烦。结果就是增加了学习英语的困难，反之亦然。 In general, determination, reading English materials and patience are the effective ways to learn English.If people recognize those, they will learn it well sooner or later. 总之，决心，阅读英语材料和耐心是学习英语的有效途径。如果人们意识到这些，他们迟早都会学好它的。 7. 我最擅长跳舞 英语作文带翻译 五年级 I like dancing best and I am good at dancing, too. （我最爱跳舞， 我也擅长跳舞） I am a member of the school dance group. （我是校舞蹈队的成员） Our dance teacher teaches us to learn many kinds of folk dances, such as缉弧光旧叱搅癸些含氓 Mongolian, Tibetan, Korean and so on. （我们的舞蹈老师教我们学习各种民间舞， 如蒙古舞， 藏族舞， 朝鲜舞等等） Sometimes, we perform dances to our schoolmates after class in the afternoon. （有时候我们在下午课后给同学们表演）。 8. 我擅长于做某事的英语作文,急 Mother is sick today, let me clean the door. I would like to use the wet cloth to wipe the surface dust, then wipe cloth Magan Jing door, wiping the door to low according to the order, with the exception of cross-box to be rubbed sideways, up and down along the rest of the general direction of the rub. Wiping the dirty cloth used to wash water. When I live to finish, I realized that my mother"s hardships. No matter how cold the winter, my mother is still washing dishes in cold water, no matter how hot summer, the mother of all hard work 。 to 。 think about is, my nose is sour 。 。 Today, for the first time to do household chores, I realized that the mother"s hard work in the future I would also like to do more to help parents of some household chores. 9. 我最擅长英语单词的作文 运动会的英语作文【篇一】 My favorite sports are rope skipping, running, long jump, rubber band skipping, riding on the swing. But my favorite sport when jumping rope. I remember once, on Sunday morning, I finished the homework, picked up the rope began to jump, my sister helped me time, sister said in the beginning, I quickly picked up the rope began to jump, but not long after, a minute will arrive soon, I just jumped 30, elder sister said: it"s not blame you, you slowly to practice, practice can quickly, do not believe I give you jump jump, ok? I said: yes, but I also want to give you time, ok? Sister said: of course! I take this timer, said to sister, beginning! Sister jumped up and, in a minute, sister jumped one hundred and niy-nine! I was surprised to motionless, elder sister said to me: don"t be disappointed! Skip rope, every day can jump to force you can now jump several times? I say: really? Sister said: of course is true! Can I cheat you? What I say! At that time, I want to jump to force this much faster. Sister said: good! I look at you! We both jumped, and had a short rest, feel beautiful today! 我最喜欢的体育运动有跳绳、跑步、跳远、跳皮筋、荡秋千。但我最喜欢的体育运动时跳绳。 我记得有一次，星期日的上午，我把作业写完了，就拿起跳绳开始跳了，姐姐帮我计时，姐姐说开始的时候，我快速的拿起跳绳开始跳，可是没过一会儿，一分钟很快就到了，我才跳了三十个，姐姐说：这不怪你，你慢慢练，就能练得很快的，不信我给你跳一跳，行不行啊？我说：可以，但是我也要给你记时，可以吗？姐姐说：当然可以啦！ 我拿这计时器，对姐姐说：开始！姐姐马上跳起来，一分钟到了，姐姐跳了一百九十九个！我吃惊地一动不动，姐姐对我说：不要灰心呀！要每天跳绳，才能跳地逼你现在跳的还能好几倍呢？我说：真的？姐姐说：当然是真的啦！我还能骗你吗？我说好吧！到时候，我要跳地逼这快得多得多。姐姐说：好！我看着你的表现！我们俩跳了跳，又休息了一会儿，觉得今天真美啊！ 10. 关于我擅长演讲的英语作文 My hobbiesDifferent people have different hobbies, I often cycling to play with my clas *** ates. It is especially good for health. It is good exercise.and it"s one of my hobbies,I enjoy reading very much.For reading books,I can get lots of knowledge from reading,and get a sense of the outside world,it"s wonderful.我的爱。

1. 文言文（古文）用英语怎么说 文言文（古文） 用英语表达 翻译如下： Classical Chinese (ancient Chinese) 重点词汇释义： 文言文：classical style of writing 古文：prose written in the classical literary style; ancient style prose; ancient Chinese prose； （秦以前的字体） Chinese script before the Qin Dynasty。 2. 初中的文言文的英文翻译 《守株待兔》的【英语翻译】： Staying by a Stump Waiting for More Hares To Come and Dash Themselves Against It This story took place more than 2,000 years ago,in the Warring States period(475-221 B.C.).Tradition has it that in the State of Song at that time there was a man who was famous for staying by a stump waiting for more hares to e and dash themselves against it. He was a yong farmer,and his family had been farmers for generations.Year after year and generation after generation, farmers used to sow in spring and harvest in autumn,beginning to work at sunrise and retiring at sunset.In good harvest years,they could only have enough food to eat and enough clothing to wear.If there was a famine due to crop failure,they had to go hungry. This young farmer wanted to improve his life.But he was too lazy and too cowardly.Being lazy and cowardly over everything,he often dreamed of having unexpected blessings. A miracle took place at last. One day in late autumn,when he was ploughing in the field,o groups of people were hunting nearby.As shoutings were rising one after another,scared hares were running desperately.Suddenly,a blind hare dashed itself headlong against the stump of a dead tree in his field and died. That day,he ate his fill. From that day on,he no longer went in for farming again.From morning till night,he stayed by that miraculous stump,waiting for miracles to take place again. This story es from"The Five Vermin"in The Works of Han Feizi.Later generations often use the set phrase"staying by a stump waiting for more hares to e and dash themselves against it"to show grusting to chance and windfalls or dreaming to reap without sowing.It is also used to show adhering to narrow experiences and not being able to be flexible. 不知道算不算？ 3. 中英翻译古文 见《老子》第六十四章 合抱之木，生于毫末；九层之台，起于累土；千里之行，始于足下。 译文 ：合抱的大树，生长于细小的萌芽；九层的高台，筑起于每一堆泥土；千里的远行，是从脚下第一步开始走出来的。 《庄子·外篇·山木》：“且君子之交淡若水，小人之交甘若醴。君子淡以亲，小人甘以绝，彼无故以合者，则无故以离。” 译文：君子之间的交情淡得像水一样清澈（纯洁）不含杂质，小人之间得交往甜的像甜酒一样。君子之交虽然平淡，但心地亲近，小人之交虽然过于亲密、甜蜜，但是容易（因为利益）断交 。 “路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索”出自于屈原的名作《离骚》 译文：在追寻真理方面，前方的道路还很漫长，但我将百折不挠，不遗余力地去追求和探索。“见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也”出处《论语·里仁》十七条 译文：见到有德行的人就向他看齐，见到没有德行的人就反省自身的缺点。 4. 【古文和英语为什么那么像 楼主，我个人认为外国人是受古代人的影响.多数人认为唐朝是中国最兴盛的朝代，就连日本的汉字也或多或少受到中国的影响，因为日本某些字和中文一模一样，只是意思不一样罢了.宋朝立国时面临着强敌的侵犯，其周边环境远不如汉、唐.但是宋朝却也能稳住政权，大力发展经济，值得一提的是，中国古代四大发明中，有三项发明都是在宋朝才真正开始发展并正式确立，科技水平位居世界第一.因此，就像现在其他国家学习军事强国美国一样，欧洲国家可能学习了当时的中国，其中就包括文字，因此，古文和英语很像.。 5. 求古文的名句及英文翻译 1、但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。 We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moon light, even though miles apart. 2、独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。 A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast, I miss my family all the more on every festive day. 3、大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。 The endless river easard flows; with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years. 4、二人同心，其利断金。 If o people are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal. 5、富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能曲，此之谓大丈夫。 It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse, no poverty and hardship can shake, and no power and force can suffocate. 6.海内存知己，天涯若比邻 A bosom friend afar brings distance near. 7、合抱之木，生于毫末，九层之台，起于累土；千里之行始于足下。 A huge tree that fills one"s arms grows from a tiny seedling; a nine-storied tower rises from a heap of earth; a thousand li journey starts with the first step. 8、祸兮，福之所依；福兮，祸之所伏。 Misfortune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfortune underlies. 9、见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。 On seeing a man of virtue, try to bee his equal; on seeing a man without virtue, examine yourself not to have the same defects. 10、江山如此多娇，引无数英雄尽折腰。 This land so rich in beauty has made countless heroes bow in homage. 11、举头望明月，低头思故乡。 Raising my head, I see the moon so bright; withdrawing my eyes, my nostalgia es around. A bosom friend afar brings distance near. 12、俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。 All are past and gone; we look to this age for truly great men. 13、君子成人之美，不成人之恶。 The gentleman helps others to achieve their moral perfection but not their evil conduct. 14、君子独立不惭于影，独寝不愧于魂。 A righteous man never feels ashamed to face his shadow when standing alone and to face his soul when sleeping alone. 15、君子之交淡如水，小人之交甘如醴。君子淡以亲，小人甘以绝。 The friendship beeen men of virtue is light like water, yet affectionate; the friendship beeen men without virtue is sweet like wine, yet easily broken. 16、老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼。 Expend the respect of the aged in one"s family to that of other families; expend the love of the young ones in one"s family to that of other families. 17、礼尚往来。 往而不来，非礼也；来而不往，亦非礼也。 Propriety suggests reciprocity. It is not propriety not to give out but to receive, or vice versa. 18、两情若是长久时，又岂在朝朝暮暮。 If love beeen both sides can last for aye, why need they stay together night and day? 19、路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。 The way ahead is long; I see no ending, yet high and low I"ll search with my will unbending. 20、民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻。 The people are the most important element in a state; next are the gods of land and grain; least is the ruler himself. 21、千丈之堤，以蝼蚁之穴溃；百尺之屋，以突隙之烟焚。 A long dike will collapse because of an ant-hole in it; a tall building will be burned down by a spark from a chimney"s chink. 22、锲而舍之，朽木不折，锲而不舍，金石可镂。 Carve but give up half way, even a decayed piece of wood will not break; carve without stop, even metal and stone can be engraved. 23、人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴阳缺，此事古难全。 People have sorrow and joy; they part and meet again. The moon dims or shines; it waxes or wanes. Nothing is perfect, not even in the olden days. 24、人之于文学也，犹玉之于琢磨也。 Learning and culture are to a person what polished and grinding are to jade。 25、学而时习之，不亦说乎 Great pleasure is derived from learning and constantly reviewing what has been learned. 26、有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎 Isn"t it also great when friends visit from distant places? 27、天时不如地利，地利不如人和 The time isn"t as important as the terrain; but the terrain isn"t as important as unity with the people. 28、会当凌绝顶，一览众山小.I must ascend the mountain"s crest; it dwarfs all peaks under my feet. 29.等闲识得东风面，万紫千红总是春. I find the face of east wind in an easy way;Myriads of reds and violets only reveal spring 30、春潮带雨晚来急，野度无人舟自横. On the spring flood of last night"s rain The ferry-boat moves as though someone were poling。

隐喻：metaphor借喻：metonymy提喻：synecdochemetaphor uses words to indicate something different from their literal meaning—— one thing is described in terms of another so as to suggest a likeness or analogy between them. 隐喻有几个要点：1. 最新的 2. 相似性(similarity)，这点很重要，本体和喻体要有相似性 3. 一致性two things in comparison, and this comparison is implied rather than stated. eg: the theory needs more support.这个support就是一个隐喻，相当于把theory比喻成房子，需要地基支撑、支持，引申到支持观点、理论。 eg: he is the apple of her eye.这个就表示很重要的人，掌上明珠之类的。借喻、换喻、借代：metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one thing is used in place of another that is associated with or suggested by it. 它和暗喻的区别在于，借喻中两者要求不是相似，而是有联系，同一类事物。eg: will you play me some Chopin? 这个地方，chopin是人名，用其来指代他的作品、音乐。eg: the kettle is boiling. （kettle 指代water in it.）eg:tongue——eloquence; brain——knowledge,wisdom or reason; Fleet Street—— the British press 通常说来，借代可以由地点代某个特定的东西、人名代他的作品或与之相关的理论、器具或容器代里面所盛放的物品、人的某些特定器官代它所赋予的意义和作用。提喻synecdoche is a figure by which a more comprehensive term is used for a less comprehensive or vice versa; as whole for part or part for whole; genus for species or species for genus etc. 最主要的区别方法就是一般提喻和整体、局部或是和种类、特殊，还有抽象、具体有关。eg：Italy beat Spain in the football match. 这里，意大利和西班牙其实就是用整体来代替部分，即“意大利的球队”和“西班牙的球队”。eg: he paid the workers $5 per head. 这里，head是指“人头”，部分（头）代替整体（每个人）eg: i had the muscle and they made money out of it. 这里，muscle是个具体的名词，代替一个抽象名词:strength.不知我的解释是否清楚了？

1、本协议构成整个当事人之间的协议和就业应具有约束力，并确保为利益的各方，并在个案公司其受让人和继承人的情况下员工只有他的遗嘱执行人和管理人员。本协议不应被改变，影响或放弃的任何实际或指称的口头或书面表示是否之前或之后的日期而实行普遍的公司政策。2本协议、在上下文承认，单数词应包括复数和单数阳性应包括女性和中性，反之亦然。3、在工作期间公司：-（一）支付或促使支付给员工的基本工资美金壹千陆佰元每月或等值货币，是受修订一次。这样的工资是每月支付拖欠的方式相互之间设置公司和员工在每个日历月。

1.you can read a loud every morning to help you practice your pronunciation. 你可以每天早上大声的朗读英文来帮助你练习发音。2.you also could see some foreign moives to learn some new words. 你还可以看些外国电影来认识些新的单词。3.you can improve English grammer by write some short article.你可以通过写一些小短文来提高英语语法。

　　A 　　For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and mine has been that for the last twenty years, is that it becomes increasingly rewarding. When I can wake up and watch the sun rise over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an entire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to write a few pages, take a walk with my dog, read and listen to music, I am flooded with happiness. 　　Iu2019m lonely only when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when from the time being I feel empty and need filling up. And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim(边缘) with experience that needs to be sorted out(挑选、选择). 　　Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where my self(本性、本我)is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants and perhaps, by looking again at each one(指代 plant植物)as though it were a person.It takes a while, as I watch the surf(水浪)blowing up in fountains(喷泉), but the moment( 指the lonely moment) comes when the worlds falls away, and the self emerges again from the deep unconscious(潜意识), bringing back all I have recently experienced to be explored and slowly understood. 　　参考答案： 　　只有我在非常疲劳的时候，在我不断工作了很长时间以后，在我倍感空虚，需要充实时候，我才会感到寂寞。而有时候在我结束巡回演讲回家的时候，在讲了很多话后，而且有太多经历需要整理时，我也会感到寂寞。于是，有那么一会儿，我感到房子又大又空，我都不知道我的自我又到哪里去了。这时，我必须给植物浇水，并挨个瞅瞅，仿佛他们是有生命的精灵一般，这样我才能慢慢找到我的那个自我。很长一段时间，我看着水浪从喷泉中喷涌而出。但只有当世界在我身边逐渐消失，当我再次从我内心深处的"无意识中冒出来时，带给我最近的种种经历，让我探究，让我慢慢领会时，我才会感到寂寞。当我因为持续工作太久而感觉疲劳空虚，需要充实一下的时候，我会觉得孤独。有时，我出差做讲座，见很多人，说很多话，回来后脑子里很多东西需要理一理，这时我也会觉得孤独。 　　B 　　在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿筵席，缺点就都找出来了。于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。这是因为，第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜加蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。第二，你初到一个餐馆，开始举筷时有新鲜感，新盖的茅房三天香，这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”。 　　参考译文： 　　We should not be too romantic in interpersonal relations. Human beings are interesting in that they tend to first see good in a new acquaintance. This is like dining in a restaurant. You will be not only favorably impressed with the first two courses. However, the more you have, the more sober you become until the dinner ends up with all the flaws exposed. Consequently, your joy would give way to anger; your praises to criticism or even fault-finding; and your nodding in agreement to shaking the head. What accounts for all this is, in the first place, you are hungry when you start to eat. As the saying goes, “Hunger is the best sauce”, and vice versa.

Title: Success Comes from Hard WorkIntroduction:Success is often the result of hard work and dedication. It requires persistence, determination, and a strong work ethic. In this essay, we will explore the significance of hard work in achieving success and how it can positively impact our lives.Body:1. Setting Goals and Taking Action:Success begins with setting clear goals and taking consistent action towards achieving them. Hard work involves identifying our aspirations, breaking them down into smaller tasks, and diligently working on them. By setting realistic goals and working diligently towards them, we increase our chances of achieving success.2. Perseverance and Resilience:Hard work requires perseverance and resilience in the face of challenges and setbacks. Success is seldom achieved without obstacles or failures along the way. It is through perseverance and the ability to bounce back from failures that we learn valuable lessons and grow stronger. Hard work enables us to stay committed to our goals, even when faced with difficulties.3. Continuous Learning and Improvement:Success is not an overnight achievement but rather a journey of continuous learning and improvement. Hard work involves seeking knowledge, acquiring new skills, and constantly pushing ourselves beyond our comfort zones. It is through the process of continuous learning and improvement that we expand our capabilities and increase our chances of success.4. Discipline and Time Management:Hard work necessitates discipline and effective time management. Success requires prioritizing tasks, avoiding distractions, and making the most of our time. By managing our time efficiently and staying disciplined in our efforts, we can maximize productivity and make significant progress towards our goals.5. Positive Mindset and Determination:Hard work goes hand in hand with a positive mindset and determination. Believing in ourselves, staying motivated, and maintaining a positive attitude are essential elements in achieving success. Hard work fuels our determination to overcome challenges and keeps us focused on our goals, even when faced with adversity.Conclusion:Success is not an easy feat, but it can be attained through hard work. By setting goals, persevering through challenges, continuously learning and improving, practicing discipline and time management, and maintaining a positive mindset, we increase our chances of achieving success in various aspects of life. Remember, success is not just about the outcome but also about the growth, learning, and personal development that come from the journey of hard work.语法解析： 1. 主谓一致： u2022 “Success is often the result of hard work and dedication.”（主语：“Success”；谓语：“is”；一致：单数） u2022 “Hard work involves identifying our aspirations, breaking them down into smaller tasks, and diligently working on them.”（主语：“Hard work”；谓语：“involves”；一致：单数） u2022 “By setting realistic goals and developing a plan to achieve them, we can stay focused and motivated.”（主语：“We”；谓语：“can stay”；一致：复数） 2. 动词形式： u2022 “Success comes from working hard, persevering through challenges, and never giving up.”（“working” 是现在分词形式，用来修饰 “Success”） u2022 “We should strive to develop good habits and maintain a positive mindset.”（“should strive” 是情态动词和不定式的结合，表示建议和目标） u2022 “It requires consistent effort and a willingness to learn from mistakes.”（“requires” 是动词的第三人称单数形式） 3. 名词的使用： u2022 “Success is often the result of hard work and dedication.”（“Success” 是一个抽象名词，表示成功的概念） u2022 “By setting realistic goals and developing a plan to achieve them, we can stay focused and motivated.”（“goals” 和 “plan” 是具体名词，表示具体的目标和计划） 4. 介词的运用： u2022 “By setting realistic goals and developing a plan to achieve them, we can stay focused and motivated.”（“By” 表示通过某种手段或方法） u2022 “Success comes from working hard, persevering through challenges, and never giving up.”（“through” 表示通过或经历）总体而言，这篇作文使用了正确的主谓一致、动词形式、名词使用和介词运用。这些语法规则和结构帮助表达清晰准确的意思，使作文更加流畅和易于理解。

具体指的是什么问题？

DJ只是职业，工作主要是打碟。DJ不是音乐曲风，那叫电音，土嗨把电音错误叫成DJ。百度搜【目前史上对土嗨最详细的解释。采访黄柏钧dy】。别追问我。

Nowadays,English has becomethe international standard language.As China is stepping to theinternationalization,learning English is more and more important.But manypeople find it hard to learn English well.According to my own learningexperience,I think determination,read English materials and patience are themost significant.如今,英语已经成为国际标准语言.由于中国正在迈向国际化,学习英语变得越来越重要.但是许多人发现很难学好英语.根据我自己的学习经验,我觉得决心,阅读英语材料和耐心是最重要的.First of all,doing everything needsdetermination.Determination is a prerequisite to do something.When facingdifficulty,the people who have determination will insist,on contrary,thepeople who don"t have determinatin are easily give up.Thus,if people wants todo something well,the first thing they need to do is to make up their mind.Secondly,reading English materials is a greathelp for learning English.It can help people raise sense for English language,have interest and confidence in Engilsh.That will help people a lot in theprocess of learning.Last,patience is necessary in English learning.Most peoplewill feel difficult to learn English at the beginning.The people withoutpatience will often upset towards learning English.As a result,it willincrease the difficulties of learning English and vice versa.

英文名： Vice Versa 中文名： 小爸爸大儿子 导 演： ( Brian Gilbert ) 主 演： (祖德·莱茵霍尔德 Judge Reinhold) (弗雷德·萨瓦格 Fred Savage) ( Corinne Bohrer) (史洛希·克鲁兹 Swoosie Kurtz) ( Jane Kaczmarek) ( David Proval) 上 映： 1988年03月11日 美国 详细上映地区 地 区： 美国 更多详细拍摄地 对 白： 英语 颜 色： 彩色 声 音： Dolby 时 长： 98 类 型： 喜剧 家庭 奇幻 剧情介绍马歇尔（Judge Reinhold）已经离婚，有时他必须照顾他的儿子查理（Fred Savage）。在一次在出差回家途中，他意外拿到一个装饰用的骷髅头，而不晓得骷髅头拥有某种魔力。有一天，父子两人同时祈祷能变成对方的年龄，魔力随即产生作用，父子的身份马上对调，爸爸和儿子互相占有对方的躯体，于是儿子要去公司上班，还要应付爸爸的女朋友，老爸得去学校上课，在角色互调的过程中，父子彼此体会到对方的处境，也增进了父子感情。 http://www.verycd.com/groups/@g217411/198605.topic

习惯这样数学中有很多习惯的写法

你要是是认真学习想对对答案，就直接不要答案了，让老师去批改吧，这样自己的印象才会深的提高成绩，还是老老实做吧。希望能帮到你，请采纳正确答案.你的点赞或采纳是我继续帮助其他人的动力

The movie "back to earth" is the story background of the earth was a biological damage, or that humans have been driven out of the earth, in the direction of a very advanced the evolution of natural ecosystem. The adolescent son bear eyes watching sister in order to protect themselves and the monster kill shadow, tough father wisdom hope son can grow can progress so take him to perform the task, but on the way met the storm, the ship made a forced landing, while the computer system rejected suggestions landed on earth but not in space, or fried into pieces, or have to "return to earth".The ship fell to the earth, but in a very aggressive way, only two survivors of father and son, and father of the two legs are serious fractures, that is to say the execution ability and action ability of the minor son, he should be a man with a limited number of air purifying agent through the 100 kilometers to get signal transmitter at he is not familiar with the earth in the jungle.The son is very afraid, he needs a person to complete their rescue two individual tasks, this way a beast, natural disasters, and do not know what time will appear in his side as a military training. He this way really bumpy, the beast was pursued by groups, scorpion sting to, even the air cleaner was broken two box. Finally he came to the front of the waterfall, reach the standard measurement destinations also need 3 boxes, so his father ordered him to give up. But he could not forgive their own weakness, and resolutely jump cut waterfalls arrive at the destination.Vice versa later on the way is in danger of effective warm, but his son lost contact, finally found a signal, but because the signal is masked he must reach the nearby mountains, but the monster away he is getting closer. Finally the son to face is a monster, defeat the monster has a winning rule, that is to overcome fear, when the man without a trace of fear, the monster can not be seen or even ignored this person, a few fight finally close to death, the son thought to protect his sister, thought of my father advice "to focus attention in the present, fear is the unknown fantasy", ultimately save yourself, save the father, growing to a good soldier.

一般是黑客或红客用的，一般的用户很少机会用得上.跳板这个概念用在代理服务上面偶是在接触snake的那个代理程序见到的。“代理跳板”一般都是指snake开发的那个sock5代理服务程序。代理跳板好像就是支持connect命令的http代理服务器因为常常被当成黑软使用 　　HTTP代理小常识 　　一、HTTP代理的匿名性 　　This is a proxy that hides the original users" IP address and other deta 　　ils from the remote server. 这种代理，对远端服务器隐藏原始用户的IP地址以及其 　　它细节（可能，但不必需）。 　　HTTP代理匿名性是指不通过非常技术手段，直接使用时代理的匿名安全性。（说明 　　：这里的匿名与其它如FTP服务器的匿名意义是不一样的，不论匿名与否，代理服务器均 　　能起到“代理”的作用。只是匿名代理可以确保被访问方不能追溯到源IP，在一定程度 　　上更加安全而已。这并不是一个重要的指标，是否必要则仁者见仁、智者见智。） 　　测试自己的http代理是否匿名，简单方法：xxx网站 　　，先看“REMOTE_ADDR”显示的ip，如果不是你本身的ip，说明代理服务器起作用了。再 　　看“HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR”，如果有，并显示你的ip，为非匿名代理。如果没有显示 　　，则为匿名代理。（Tips:看一下“HTTP_USER_AGENT”和“HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE”， 　　你就能知道你的代理提供了多大的安全性。） 　　二、HTTP CONNECT代理 　　对于HTTP代理，不少人有认识上的误区，有必要说明一下，不是所有的HTTP代理都 　　只能代理HTTP的，vice versa！ 　　HTTP CONNECT代理服务器是一种能够允许用户建立TCP连接到任何端口的代理服务器 　　，这意味着这种代理不仅可用于HTTP，还包括FTP、IRC、RM流服务等，甚至扫描、攻击 　　。 　　三、三种代理的区别 　　· 全匿名代理　不改变你的request fields，使服务器端看来就像有个真正的客户 　　浏览器在访问它。当然，你的真实IP是隐藏起来的。服务器的网管不会认为你使用了代 　　理。 　　· 普通匿名代理　能隐藏你的真实IP，但会更改你的request fields，有可能会被 　　认为使用了代理，但仅仅是可能，一般说来是没问题的。不过不要受它的名字的误导， 　　其安全性可能比全匿名代理更高，有的代理会剥离你的部分信息（就好比防火墙的stea 　　lth mode），使服务器端探测不到你的*作系统版本和浏览器版本。 　　· 透明代理（简单代理）　改编你的request fields，并会传送真实IP。 　　跳板是一个程序，也可以说是一种socks5代理的应用吧。 　　* 从本地机器连接到远程机器， 中间通过安装的代理跳板。对应用程序而言，相当于普 　　通的sock代理调用。 　　* 在跳板之间传输的数据，是已经被动态加密的。加密种子每次不同。 　　* 跳板的数目由 1 到 255，不限制,当数目为0时，相当于Sock5代理服务器

Audrey Hepburn in Lights 灯光下的赫本 Actress Audrey Hepburn is backlit by pattern of klieg lights in 1956. "I"m not beautiful. My Mother once called me an ugly duckling. But listed separately I have a few good features " she said. 这张照片是赫本背光所拍摄于1956年的。“我并不漂亮。我妈妈曾经叫我丑小鸭。但是，分开来说，我还是有些值得称道的地方的。”赫本说道。 Audrey Hepburn Rides 赫本骑马 Audrey Hepburn rides a horse in 1959. Hepburn was extremely fond of animals and kept several pets. 这张照片拍摄于1959年，赫本骑马时。赫本很喜欢动物，而且她也养了一些宠物。 Pretty Under a Parasol 阳伞下的漂亮赫本 Audrey Hepburn wears a sundress and holds a colorful umbrella in 1955. "People associate me with a time when movies were pleasant when women wore pretty dresses in films and you heard beautiful music " she once said. 这张照片拍摄于1955年，赫本身着洋装举着一把彩色阳伞。她曾经说到，“那时电影总是很让人开心，电影中的女士身着漂亮女裙，当听到优美旋律时，人们总是把我和这种场景联系起来。” Foggy Funny Face 朦胧，可爱的表情 Hepburn emerges through the *** oke of a lootive in a scene from the film "Funny Face" in 1956. 赫本在拍摄《甜姐儿》时，在一个火车头冒烟的场景中拍摄的照片，拍摄时间1956年。 Graceful Dancer 优雅的舞者 Hepburn practices in a dance studio circa 1955. She was a trained ballerina and as a teen had performed at events raising money for the Dutch Resistance. 赫本在一个舞蹈室练习，大约拍摄于1955年。她曾经是位受过训练的芭蕾舞者，青少年时她曾为反战德国而表演筹钱。 The Winning Smile of an Oscar Owner 获得奥斯卡 Audrey Hepburn is surrounded by reporters as she holds the Best Actress Oscar she won for 1953"s "Roman Holiday." 赫本在1953年因为《罗马假日》而获得奥斯卡最佳演员，图为获奖后被记者环绕。 Audrey Hepburn and the Little Black Dress 赫本身着小黑裙 Actress Audrey Hepburn poses in 1952. "I was born with something that appealed to an audience at that particular time " she said. "I acted instinctively. I"ve had one of the greatest schools of all -- a whole row of great great directors." 照片拍摄于1952年。“我生来就有些东西吸引那个时代的观众，”她说，“我的表演与生俱来。我上了最好的学校--很多很好的导演在一起帮助我。” Audrey Goes Boating 赫本划船 Wearing a peculiar hat that looks like a "Bugle" corn chip Hepburn enjoys a motorboat ride on a lake in Switzerland in the early 1950s. 戴着一顶类似“喇叭”的帽子，赫本很喜欢在20世纪50年代早期在瑞士骑行摩托船。 Al Fresco Audrey 赫本Al Fresco Audrey Hepburn poses a letter in a palm grove circa 1955. Hepburn loved nature and preferred gardening and the quiet life to the glamourous parties of Hollywood. 大约在1955年拍摄，赫本在一片平静的树林里写信。赫本喜欢自然，相比好莱坞奢华的舞会，她跟喜欢园艺和平静生活。 Hepburn"s Hat 赫本的帽子 Circa 1955 the actress wears a mesh hat with rhinestones. Around this time she began a lifelong friendship with fashion designer Hubert de Givenchy who used Hepburn as his muse. 大约在1955年，赫本戴着一顶装饰着 莱茵石的网状帽子。大约那个时候，她和纪梵希建立起了长期的友谊，设计师纪梵希把赫本奉为他的缪斯。 She"s Got Legs 赫本的腿很漂亮 Hepburn adjusts her makeup on the set of "Sabrina " 1954. 拍摄于1954年，赫本在拍摄《龙凤配》时补妆。 Breakfast With Holly Golightly 与郝利·戈莱特利的早餐 Hepburn assumes the role of perhaps her most famous character Holly Golightly in "Breakfast at Tiffany"s" in 1961. "I"m an introvert. Playing the extroverted girl was the hardest thing I ever did " she said of the movie. 赫本于1961年在《蒂凡尼的早餐》中所扮演的角色郝利·戈莱特利可能是她最著名的角色了。“我是个内向的人。而扮演这个外向的女孩儿是我曾扮演的最难的角色。”谈到这部影片时，赫本曾这样说过。 Hepburn Holds Onto Her Hat 赫本手扶帽子 Audrey Hepburn searches for signs of spring in 1950. Hepburn turned to acting in 1948 to help pay the bills -- her mother an aristocrat was already doing menial work and Hepburn though trained in dance was too tall to be a prima ballerina. 赫本在1950年春天寻找合约。赫本在1948年开始用表演来帮忙支付账单--她的母亲，是个贵族但是已经开始做女用的工作，而赫本，尽管受到舞蹈培训，但是因为她太高而不能成为芭蕾剧中的主要演员。 Over-the-Shoulder Audrey 露肩的赫本 Audrey Hepburn looks back in the early 1950s. 20世纪50年代早期，赫本回头一看所拍摄的照片。 Audrey Hepburn Is Floored 趴在地板上的赫本 Hepburn poses for "Sabrina" in the mid 1950s. When Hubert de Givenchy was told he"d be providing the wardrobe for Hepburn for the movie he thought they meant the other one -- Katharine Hepburn. He"d never heard of Audrey Hepburn before. 在20世纪50年代为拍摄《甜姐儿》而拍摄的造型照片。当纪梵希被告知可以为赫本定制这部电影的造型时，他以为是另一位赫本--凯瑟琳赫本。之前他从来没有听到过奥黛丽赫本 Audrey as a Mother 母亲赫本 Hepburn and her then-hu *** and actor Mel Ferrer pose with their 3-day-old son Sean in Lucerne Switzerland July 1960. 赫本和她当时的丈夫，演员梅尔·费勒，照片中他们抱着出生三天的儿子西恩。照片拍摄于瑞士的卢塞恩市，拍摄于1960年7月。 Audrey Hepburn and Grace Kelly Backstage 后台的奥黛丽赫本和格蕾丝凯利 Audrey Hepburn and Grace Kelly chat backstage at the Academy Awards in 1956 where both appeared as presenters. 在1956年奥斯卡后台，赫本和格蕾丝凯利交谈，她们都是主持人。 Staring at the Sun 阳光之下 Hepburn relaxes in a London park in 1950."She had everything I was looking for: charm innocence and talent. She also was very funny. She was absolutely enchanting and we said "That"s the girl!"" director William Wyler said of casting her for "Roman Holiday." 1950年，伦敦某公园，赫本在休息。导演威廉·惠勒在选择赫本出演《罗马假日》时说道，“赫本有我要寻找的一切：她漂亮，天真，聪明。她也很可爱搞笑。她让人着迷，我们知道，她就是那个女孩儿!” Princess Audrey 赫本公主 Hepburn acts regally in "Roman Holiday" in 1953. "You have to be a little bit in love with your leading man and vice versa " she once said. "If you"re going to portray love you have to feel it. You can"t do it any other way. But you don"t carry it beyond the set." 1953年，赫本在《罗马假日》中扮演了尊贵的公主。赫本曾经说过，“必须要对男主角有点儿爱恋的感觉，反之他也是。如果要想表现爱情，就必须感受到爱情。别无他法。但是只是在场景中。” A Moment of Contemplation 冥思的瞬间 Hepburn looks over Paris while filming "Funny Face" in 1956. 拍摄《甜姐儿》时，赫本俯瞰巴黎，拍摄于1956年。 Audrey Hepburn Wears White 赫本身着白色 Hepburns wears an evening gown in 1961. That year "Breakfast at Tiffany"s" was released a movie she called "the jazziest of my career." 1961年，赫本身着白色晚礼服。那一年，《蒂凡尼的早餐》一片上映，她把这部影片誉为“她职业生涯中最花哨活泼的电影”。 No Stony Glance from Hepburn 赫本在石墙前的留影（赫本没有表情僵硬的照片） Audrey Hepburn poses by a stone wall in the early 1950s. "I"m not a born actress as such; I care about expressing feelings " she said. 20世纪50年代时，赫本在一面石墙前拍摄照片。她说，“我并不是天生就会演戏，而我只关注表达真情实感。”

答：driving后面可以跟介词at/ in / off等。

2012年，一种叫做MERS的新型冠状病毒肆虐中东，死亡率高达30%。　　2015年5月4日，它跟随一名68岁的男子从巴林返回韩国，在短短一周的时间内，导致了7人确诊64人隔离。　　5月26日，其中一名确认患者的儿子逃避隔离，前往中国旅行。　　5月28日，广东省卫生计生委通报，出现首例输入性MERS疑似病例。　　短短两年时间，MERS已经从发源地中东传播到欧洲、北非、东南亚、美国、韩国等地，但对于大部分中国人来说，MERS还很陌生。　　MERS是什么？　　MERS的全称是中东呼吸症候群冠状病毒感染症，准确来说应该叫MERS-CoV。最早于2012年9月在沙特被发现，因与SARS同属冠状病毒而得名，也成为第6种已知的人类冠状病毒，也是过去10年里被分离出来的第3种。人体内的冠状病毒最早于1960年代在英国被分离出来，病毒因其表面皇冠状的突起物而得名。它可能与人、猪、猫、狗、鼠和鸡的呼吸系统感染相关。　　出于通俗易懂的考虑，媒体经常把MERS称为新SARS，但事实上，虽然这两种病毒同属于冠状病毒，但它们在基因上具有明确的差异，而且使用不同的受体。　　MERS和SARS，到底差别在哪？　　先让我们了解下这两种病毒命名的涵义——这两种疾病的病原同属正义单链RNA病毒，网巢病毒目，冠状病毒科，乙型冠状病毒属。MERS的病原叫做MERS-CoV，非典的叫做SARS-CoV。了解到病毒的分类有什么作用呢？首先，它们都以正义单链RNA作为遗传物质，正义是指遗传物质进入细胞后就能直接当成信使RNA进行翻译。单链RNA在复制过程中本身就爱出错，也没有像双链DNA那样强大的纠错功能，导致这类病毒通常具有较强的变异能力；错太多，基因组自然就相对较小些。　　那么这些病毒的进化策略是什么呢？一种可行的办法是用相对精简的遗传信息，去感染不同的物种，在物种之间交叉传播并得到更多的变异机会。MERS-CoV和SARS-CoV目前都被公认为是跨物种传播的，又称人畜共通。人畜共通病通常都非常棘手。　　这两种病毒的感染症状也比较类似——　　SARS初期症状包括：咳嗽，发热，嗜睡，肌肉酸痛等，常伴随高烧不退，呼吸急促等症状；肺炎症状明显，重者转为肺纤维化，肺组织增厚，丧失换气能力。潜伏期一般在4-10天，临床报告最短病例为1天，最长有20天，甚至有极个别病例达到28天。　　MERS的症状有发热、咳嗽、呼吸急促等。大多数住院患者出现发烧、发冷/寒颤、咳嗽、呼吸急促和肌肉疼痛等症状。有四分之一的患者同时表现出胃肠道症状，包括腹泻和呕吐。最大潜伏期是两周。　　尽管MERS和SARS具有一些相似的临床特征（比如：发烧、咳嗽、潜伏期），但二者之间也存在一些重要差异。　　发病人群有差异　　SRAS病毒更容易在医疗机构中和年轻人之间传播，与SARS相反，绝大多数MERS患者为患有慢性疾病的人群。参照埃及卫生和人口部发布的警告，除了医务工作者，年龄在15岁以下的小孩和65岁以上的老人、孕妇、患有心血管、肺炎等慢性病和抵抗力较差的病人，都是易感人群。　　临床进程有差异　　MERS在短期内快速进展为呼吸衰竭，比SARS早至少5天。　　传染性有差异　　MERS病毒的传播能力并不强，比2003年SARS病毒和2009年甲型H1N1病毒都弱，可能是该病毒由动物感染到人之后，还没有在人体内完全适应。大部分的病例都出现在海湾国家，特别是沙特阿拉伯。这表明病毒并非高度传染性，即便你接触过一些从沙特阿拉伯的人——哪怕他已经被感染——传染给你的几率依然很低。大多数感染者都是在沙特阿拉伯的工作人员或者医院的病患，而且多是年长者。目前没有证据表明MERS可以在一般人群中传播。客观的说法是：不能在人与人之间持续传染，密切接触者风险较大。　　致死率有差异　　SARS综合致死率约为14%（对65岁以上人群致死率高达50%以上）。相比MERS的综合致死率要高得多，一直在30%上下波动。MERS能引起非常严重的肾衰竭，通常被认为是致命的主要原因。　　既然MERS病程更快、致死率更高，很多人担心，MERS会不会出现像SARS一样的全球流行？　　从目前的MERS暴发情况上来看，不太可能。　　首要原因是上文所述，MERS的传染性不如SARS，自2012年该疾病开始流行以来，大部分新病例出现在沙特西部的吉达地区，目前没有证据表明MERS病毒本身发生了变异，虽然报告发病数急剧增加，但还主要集中在中东地区的几个国家，没有广泛扩散。　　其次，病毒之所以在吉达肆虐，也是因为医院缺乏卫生学知识，至少是没有做好充足的防护，从而加速病毒在患者和医护人员间的传播，沙特阿拉伯的卫生部长也因此被解职（他至少漏报了113起病例，其中有92人现已死亡）。客观来说，只要医院在处理原因不明的呼吸疾病患者时，采取严格的感染预防与观察措施，病毒的传播就能够被遏制住。　　目前尚无治疗方法和疫苗吗？　　媒体援引最多的一句话就是——现阶段，还没有针对这一新型冠状病毒的特效药和疫苗。这是真的吗？　　客观来说，MERS-CoV目前没有特效药，没有已经投入使用的疫苗。但这并不代表，科学家对这个病毒束手无策。　　首先，科学家们确定了病毒的源头和传播机制——早先研究认为，沙特阿拉伯的代表性动物骆驼是MERS病毒的宿主，1000年以来，中东居民依赖骆驼作为肉类、奶类、兽皮和运输工具的来源。但更多的科学研究表明，蝙蝠才是MERS-CoV的终极源头，它携带了许多类型的冠状病毒，最终在人体中导致了严重的肺炎。一个国际研究小组在西氏墓蝠的粪便样本中，发现了一种似乎来自于上述病毒的微小基因片段，与首位人类患者的病毒完全相同，而且，它来自首位病患住所附近。欧洲与阿曼的研究人员在《柳叶刀—传染病》杂志上报告说，他们在单峰驼血清样本中发现新型冠状病毒的抗体，表明单峰驼可能作为中间宿主，在病毒传播中起到“帮凶”作用。此后，中美科学家首次发现该病毒从蝙蝠传染到人类的途径（相关成果发表于美国《国家科学院院刊》）。这些研究成果对于了解该病毒的动物起源，以及预防和控制中东呼吸综合征（MERS）及相关病毒在人类的传播，是至关重要的。　　基于这些研究，我们或许可以更加冷静的看待MERS。事实上，对于输入性的疾病，中国在传染源的防控上有丰富经验。而且，我们对于MERS病的防控经验并不缺乏，SARS的防控经验同样适用于这种呼吸道的传染疾病。

全书共分十三篇，主要论述了军事学的主要问题，对当时的战争经验进行了总结，提出了一些著名的军事命题，并且揭示了一些具有普遍意义的军事规律。 始计第一 :莽汉总是斗不过军师 作战第二 :行动是致胜的玄机 谋攻第三 :用活每一颗棋子 军形第四 :不打无把握之仗 兵势第五 :把时机攥在手中 虚实第六 :真假错乱晃人眼 军争第七 :决不能失去主动权 九变第八 :灵活应变,出手威猛 行军第九 :善于选择最佳套路 地形第十 :因不同情况定方案 九地第十一 :擒住最要害的问题 火攻第十二 :施展出各种猛招 用间第十三 :反戈一击惊人心 另外有一些佚文如《吴王问》 始计第一 :莽汉总是斗不过军师　　作战第二 :行动是致胜的玄机　　谋攻第三 :用活每一颗棋子　　军形第四 :不打无把握之仗　　兵势第五 :把时机攥在手中　　虚实第六 :真假错乱晃人眼　　军争第七 :决不能失去主动权　　　九变第八 :灵活应变,出手威猛　　行军第九 :善于选择最佳套路　　地形第十 :因不同情况定方案　　九地第十一 :擒住最要害的问题　　火攻第十二 :施展出各种猛招　　用间第十三 :反戈一击惊人心《孙子兵法》又称《孙武兵法》、《吴孙子兵法》、《孙子兵书》、《孙武兵书》等，英文名为《The Art of War》，是中国古典军事文化遗产中的璀璨瑰宝，是中国优秀文化传统的重要组成部分。是世界三大兵书之一（另外两部是：《战争论》(克劳塞维茨) ，《五轮书》(宫本武藏) ）其内容博大精深，思想精邃富赡，逻辑缜密严谨。作者为春秋末年的齐国人孙武（字长卿）。

问题一：开车用英语怎么表达？ 开车：drive；start驾驶：driving（n）；pilot；好有好多好多.. 问题二：小心开车的英文怎么说？？ 小心开车 “小心开车，”他说着挥手告别。 "Drive safely," he said and waved goodbye 问题三：‘你会开车吗"用英文怎么说 Do you know how to drive? Can you drive 问题四：驾驶用英语怎么说 20分 您的问题很简单。呵呵。百度知道很高兴帮助您解决您提出的问题。 原句： 驾驶 翻译： drive；steer；navigate 礼让有助于更安全驾驶。 Courtesy makes for safer driving 一个姑娘驾驶的红车迅速地超过了我们。 A red car driven by a girl shot ahead of us 你必须在开始驾驶前系好座位安全带。 You must belt up before you start to drive 百度知恭永远给您最专业的英语翻译。 问题五：开车太快用英语怎么说 drive the car too fast 问题六：你会不会开车 用英语怎么翻译 You will not drive 问题七：高速公路上要小心开车. 英文怎么说 To be careful driving on the highway 问题八：学习开车英语怎么说？ 我正在学习开车，准备那个驾驶执照 I"m learning driving and preparing to get t揣e driving license. driving license 驾照 问题九：开车用英语怎么表达？ 开车：drive；start驾驶：driving（n）；pilot；好有好多好多.. 问题十：小心开车的英文怎么说？？ 小心开车 “小心开车，”他说着挥手告别。 "Drive safely," he said and waved goodbye

有可能是蝴蝶犬英文名Papillon，又称蝶耳犬和巴比伦犬，体高20-28厘米，体重3-5公斤。原产于法国，Papillon的名称由来就是法国人命名的，在法语中Papillon就是蝴蝶的意思。起源于十六世纪，是欧洲最古老的品种之一。蝴蝶犬引进法国后，当时出入法国皇宫和贵族之门，成为权贵贵妇的掌中珍宝。19世纪时期法国及比利时的爱犬者，致力繁衍直立耳品种的蝴蝶犬，耳朵上的长毛直立装饰，犹如翩翩起舞的蝴蝶。也有可能是边境牧羊犬边境牧羊犬（Border Collie）原产于苏格兰边境，为柯利牧羊犬之一种，具强烈的牧羊本能，天性聪颖、善于察言观色，能确实明白主人的指示，可藉由眼神的注视而驱动羊群移动或旋转，被当成牧羊犬已有多年的历史。其最大的特点即是聪明、学习能力强、理解力高、容易训练、温和、忠诚、顺从，其忠心程度可以用如影随形来形容。望采纳，谢谢。

Chinese 跟国别有关的这种名词都不加the

WOW，又是充满能量的一天，我是坚持行动家找到对的位置，努力发光。有句话这样说：“你最适合站在哪里，你就应该努力站在哪里。”每个人一生想做的事情都很多，可真正能做的并能做好的其实很少。与其博而泛，不如精而专。当你把一件事做到极致，已是成功。要相信，那个执着努力的你，总会有闪闪发光的一天。女生发wow什么意思wow是什么梗WOW在英语里面表示惊叹，同时WOW也是游戏魔兽世界的英文简称，worldofwarcraft简称WOW。女生发wow什么意思wow是WorldofWarcraft的缩写，是指网络游戏魔兽世界。《魔兽世界》由全球著名的游戏开发公司暴雪娱乐历时5年制作完成，游戏基于《魔兽争霸系列》的历史背景，采用明快浪漫的卡通风格，构筑了一个壮丽的动态虚拟世界。游戏操作简单便捷、画面精美细致、战斗紧张刺激，丰富的种族职业和技能魔法的设定使玩家在游戏里可以演绎独特的自我，完成曲折的任务，学习丰富的技能，谱写英雄的史诗。网络热梗

jean-XX是一个整体，一起构成名字，不可以拆开。你说的例子，jean-paul是一个整体，一般不简称jean。

a

魔兽世界。。暴雪出品的一个大型史诗级网络游戏。~

歌曲名:Driving歌手:幸田来未专辑:KODA KUMI DRIVING HIT"S幸田来未 - Driving作词：Kumi Koda　作曲：Tomokazu Matsuzawa准备は　整ったかしら？＜今日という日をどれだけ待ったか＞ハヤル気持ち押さえて　来たんだから＜楽しませてくれなきゃね＞君と行くんだ　mid town时间が来た　そろそろ助手席は　君のものHow do you feel it?1,2　カウントダウン始まる君と未知の世界へ向かおうDriving　どこでも连れてくよ行く先は　君が决めていいDriving　まわりのことは気にしなくていいから　movin" onDriving　ボリュームあげて头の中　オーバーヒートさせてよ　お愿いDriving　このままどこまでも行こう　梦の続きをみよう时间の流れなんて　気にしない＜ゆっくり流れていくものだから＞心配はいらない　だって君のため＜どこへも逃げないずっと＞Boys & giris　混ざり合う初めての　感覚で助手席は　君のものHow do you feel it?1,2　体中麻痹状态未知の世界抜け出せないHands up　まだまだ终わらない今夜のパーティー　帰さないからHands up　くびれに手を回し抱く　背中越しに感じてHands up　こっちを向いて　见せてほしい笑颜を　私だけにHands up　消えない　フラッシュライト负けないで高鸣る　鼓动隠して1,2　カウントダウン始まる君と未知の世界へ向かおうhttp://music.baidu.com/song/55893007

　华为公司内部股权计划始于1990年即华为成立三年之时，至今已实施了4次大型的股权激励计划。本文梳理了华为公司二十多年来跌宕起伏、令人艳羡的股权激励历程，并分析了其取得成功的原因和带来的启示，现分享给大家。　　一、创业期股票激励　　创业期的华为一方面由于市场拓展和规模扩大需要大量资金，另一方面为了打压竞争者需要大量科研投入，加上当时民营企业的性质，出现了融资困难。因此，华为优先选择内部融资。内部融资不需要支付利息，存在较低的财务困境风险，不需要向外部股东支付较高的回报率，同时可以激发员工努力工作。　　1990年，华为第一次提出内部融资、员工持股的概念。当时参股的价格为每股10元，以税后利润的15%作为股权分红。那时，华为员工的薪酬由工资、奖金和股票分红组成，这三部分数量几乎相当。其中股票是在员工进入公司一年以后，依据员工的职位、季度绩效、任职资格状况等因素进行派发，一般用员工的年度奖金购买。如果新员工的年度奖金不够派发的股票额，公司帮助员工获得银行贷款购买股权。　　华为采取这种方式融资，一方面减少了公司现金流风险，另一方面增强了员工的归属感，稳住了创业团队。也就是在这个阶段，华为完成了“农村包围城市”的战略任务，1995年销售收益达到15亿人民币，1998年将市场拓展到中国主要城市，2000年在瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩设立研发中心，海外市场销售额达到1亿美元。　　二、网络经济泡沫时期的股权激励　　2000年网络经济泡沫时期，IT业受到毁灭性影响，融资出现空前困难。2001年底，由于受到网络经济泡沫的影响，华为迎来发展历史上的第一个冬天，此时华为开始实行名为“虚拟受限股”的期权改革。　　虚拟股票是指公司授予激励对象一种虚拟的股票，激励对象可以据此享受一定数量的分红权和股价升值权，但是没有所有权，没有表决权，不能转让和出售，在离开企业时自动失效。虚拟股票的发行维护了华为公司管理层对企业的控制能力，不至于导致一系列的管理问题。　　华为公司还实施了一系列新的股权激励政策：　　(1)新员工不再派发长期不变一元一股的股票;　　(2)老员工的股票也逐渐转化为期股;　　(3)以后员工从期权中获得收益的大头不再是固定的分红，而是期股所对应的公司净资产的增值部分。　　期权比股票的方式更为合理，华为规定根据公司的评价体系，员工获得一定额度的期权，期权的行使期限为4年，每年兑现额度为1/4，即假设某人在2001年获得100万股，当年股价为1元/每股，其在2002后逐年可选择四种方式行使期权：兑现差价(假设2002年股价上升为2元，则可获利25万)、以1元/每股的价格购买股票、留滞以后兑现、放弃(即什么都不做)。从固定股票分红向“虚拟受限股”的改革是华为激励机制从“普惠”原则向“重点激励”的转变。下调应届毕业生底薪，拉开员工之间的收入差距即是此种转变的反映。　　三、非典时期的自愿降薪运动　　2003年，尚未挺过泡沫经济的华为又遭受SRAS的重创，出口市场受到影响，同时和思科之间存在的产权官司直接影响华为的全球市场。华为内部以运动的形式号召公司中层以上员工自愿提交“降薪申请”，同时进一步实施管理层收购，稳住员工队伍，共同渡过难关。　　2003年的这次配股与华为以前每年例行的配股方式有三个明显差别：一是配股额度很大，平均接近员工已有股票的总和;二是兑现方式不同，往年积累的配股即使不离开公司也可以选择每年按一定比例兑现，一般员工每年兑现的比例最大不超过个人总股本的1/4，对于持股股份较多的核心员工每年可以兑现的比例则不超过1/10;三是股权向核心层倾斜，即骨干员工获得配股额度大大超过普通员工。　　此次配股规定了一个3年的锁定期，3年内不允许兑现，如果员工在3年之内离开公司的话则所配的股票无效。华为同时也为员工购买虚拟股权采取了一些配套的措施：员工本人只需要拿出所需资金的15%，其余部分由公司出面，以银行贷款的方式解决。自此改革之后，华为实现了销售业绩和净利润的突飞猛涨。　　四、新一轮经济危机时期的激励措施　　2008年，由于美国次贷危机引发的全球经济危机给世界经济发展造成重大损失。　　面对本次经济危机的冲击和经济形势的恶化，华为又推出新一轮的股权激励措施。2008年12月，华为推出“配股”公告，此次配股的股票价格为每股4.04元，年利率逾6%，涉及范围几乎包括了所有在华为工作时间一年以上的员工。　　由于这次配股属于“饱和配股”，即不同工作级别匹配不同的持股量，比如级别为13级的员工，持股上限为2万股，14级为5万股。大部分在华为总部的老员工，由于持股已达到其级别持股量的上限，并没有参与这次配股。之前有业内人士估计，华为的内部股在2006年时约有20亿股。　　按照上述规模预计，此次的配股规模在16亿～17亿股，因此是对华为内部员工持股结构的一次大规模改造。这次的配股方式与以往类似，如果员工没有足够的资金实力直接用现金向公司购买股票，华为以公司名义向银行提供担保，帮助员工购买公司股份。　　华为公司的股权激励历程说明，股权激励可以将员工的人力资本与企业的未来发展紧密联系起来，形成一个良性的循环体系。员工获得股权，参与公司分红，实现公司发展和员工个人财富的增值，同时与股权激励同步的内部融资，可以增加公司的资本比例，缓冲公司现金流紧张的局面。　　华为股权激励取得成功的原因?　　一、双向晋升通道保证员工的发展空间　　技术和管理属于两个领域，一个人往往不能同时成为管理和技术专业人才，但是两个职位工资待遇的差别，会直接影响科研技术人员的努力程度。为了解决了这一困境，华为设计了任职资格双向晋升通道。　　新员工首先从基层业务人员做起，然后上升为骨干，员工可以根据自己的喜好，选择管理人员或者技术专家作为自己未来的职业发展道路。在达到高级职称之前，基层管理者和核心骨干之间，中层管理者与专家之间的工资相同，同时两个职位之间还可以相互转换。而到了高级管理者和资深专家的职位时，管理者的职位和专家的职位不能改变，管理者的发展方向是职业经理人，而资深专家的职业是专业技术人员。　　华为的任职双向通道考虑到员工个人的发展偏好，给予了员工更多的选择机会，同时将技术职能和管理职能平等考虑，帮助员工成长。除了任职资格双向晋升通道外，华为公司对新进员工都配备一位导师，在工作上和生活上给予关心和指导。当员工成为管理骨干时，还将配备一位有经验的导师给予指导。　　华为完善的职业发展通道和为员工量身打造的导师制度能够有效地帮助员工成长，减少了优秀员工的离职率。　　二、重视人力资本价值 稀释大股东比例　　股权激励并非万能，当股权激励的力度不够大时，股权激励的效果也相当有限。华为公司刚开始所进行的股权激励是偏向于核心的中高层技术和管理人员，而随着公司规模的扩大，华为有意识地稀释大股东的股权，扩大员工的持股范围和持股比例，增加员工对公司的责任感。　　华为对人力资本的尊重还体现在华为基本法中。该法指出：“我们认为，劳动、知识、企业家和资本创造了公司的全部价值”;“我们是用转化为资本这种形式，使劳动、知识以及企业家的管理和风险的累积贡献得到体现和报偿;利用股权的安排，形成公司的中坚力量和保持对公司的有效控制，使公司可持续成长。”，这说明股权激励是员工利用人力资本参与分红的政策之一。　　华为重视人力资本还体现在对研发的投资上。华为每年都将销售收入的10%投入到科研中，这高出国内高科技企业科研投资平均数的一倍多。在资源的分配上，华为认为管理的任务就是使最优秀的人拥有充分的职权和必要的资源去实现分派给他们的任务。　　三、有差别的薪酬体系　　通过薪酬体系来达到激励的目的首先要设立有差别的薪酬体系。华为通过股权激励，不仅使华为成为大部分员工的公司，同时也拉开了员工工资收入水平的差距。随着近几年华为的发展，分红的比例有了大幅上升，分红对员工收入的影响因子达30%以上，这对员工而言很具有激励性。　　股权激励除了薪酬结构需要有激励性，还需要绩效考察具有公平性。华为公司在对员工进行绩效考核上采取定期考察、实时更新员工工资的措施，员工不需要担心自己的努力没有被管理层发现，只要努力工作就行。华为的这种措施保证了科研人员比较单纯的竞争环境，有利于员工的发展。华为股权分配的依据是：可持续性贡献，突出才能、品德和所承担的风险。股权分配向核心层和中坚层倾斜，同时要求股权机构保持动态合理性。　　在保持绩效考核合理性的同时，为了减少或防止办公室政治，华为公司对领导的考察上也从三维角度进行，即领导个人业绩、上级领导的看法以及领导与同级和下级员工的关系。领导正式上任前要通过六个月的员工考核，业绩好只代表工资高，并不意味着会被提升。这样的领导晋升机制从道德角度和利益角度约束了领导的个人权利，更加体现了对下级员工意见的尊重。　　四、未来可观的前景　　股权激励不是空谈股权，能在未来实现发展和进行分红是股权激励能否成功实施的关键。在行业内华为公司领先的行业地位和稳定的销售收入成为其内部股权激励实施的经济保证。根据Informa的咨询报告，华为在移动设备市场领域排名全球第三。华为的产品和解决方案已经应用于全球100多个国家，服务全球运营商前50强中的36家。2008年很多通讯行业业绩下滑，而华为实现合同销售额233亿美元，同比增长46%，其中75%的销售额来自国际市场。　　华为过去现金分红和资产增值是促使员工毫不犹豫购买华为股权的因素之一。据了解，随着华为的快速扩张，华为内部股近几年来实现了大幅升值。2002年，华为公布的当年虚拟受限股执行价为每股净资产2.62元，2003年为2.74元，到2006年每股净资产达到3.94元，2008年该数字已经进一步提高为4.04元。员工的年收益率达到了25%～50%。如此高的股票分红也是员工愿意购买华为股权的重要原因。　　带来的启示?　　华为作为通讯行业的领头企业之一，其特有的狼性文化和任正非的个人魅力是其他企业难以复制的。但是，我们仍可以从华为股权激励中获得一些启示：　　一、重视人力资本，积极实施股权激励　　对于一些掌握核心技术的员工，如果没有股权激励等措施，员工可能会根据自身掌握的技术自主创业，或者跳槽到竞争对手那里获得更高的收益。那么企业不仅面临着人才流失的影响，也面临着市场份额丢失的风险。　　但是，股权激励也不是任何时候都对员工有吸引力，如果员工对企业的管理水平并不满意或者对企业前景感到悲观，股权激励对员工来说更多的是一种风险。所以企业应该持续改进自己的管理水平，在盈利和发展都可观的时候，及时进行股权激励，让员工共担风险也共享利润，提升企业的战斗力，实现跳跃式发展。对于一些盈利模式较好，发展迅速的企业而言，实施股权激励，有利于稳住员工，增加竞争优势。　　但是对于一些未来前景很好，只是目前经营状况并不明朗的公司而言，大股东让出一部分股权给核心员工，可以增加核心员工的凝聚力和激发员工的潜能。　　二、要保证员工的职业发展空间　　对于一些刚创业的企业而言，应根据企业的特点和对技术人员的依赖性合理地设计技术人员和管理人员的工资。对一些技术依赖性比较高的公司而言，华为的任职资格双向晋升通道保证员工的发展空间是很好的选择。中国南车通过学习华为的任职资格双向晋升通道后，合理地解决了技术人员想转做管理人员的问题，同时也使得企业的人才结构更加稳定。　　三、危机时期开股 留住核心 开拓市场　　在经济危机时期，很多企业的人才流失并非是裁员，而是当员工预期企业未来的业绩不好时，主动选择离职，以便有更多的机会寻找更好的工作。那么，对员工进行股权激励，一方面增加了员工的主人翁意识，另外一方面也有利于减少员工的流失率。同时股权激励是建立在未来盈利水平上的一种激励模式，公司不仅要实施股权激励，也要积极开拓市场，增加市场份额，以保证公司未来广阔的发展空间和稳定的现金流。　　四、弱化管理职能部门的权利　　对于高科技企业而言，管理部门如果太多干涉科研部门，势必造成科研人才的不满，影响员工工作心情。合理定位管理部门的职责，一定程度地弱化管理者的权利，开发通畅的沟通渠道，有利于企业内部的竞争环境。弱化管理部门职能的另外一个功能就是有利于绩效考核的公平性。办公室政治是人力资源管理中最头疼的问题，缺乏监督的绩效考核不利于发展来良性的办公室文化。华为公司对干部提升的三维考核和六个月的考察对于现有的高科技企业来说，是值得学习的。

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