《1964年民权法案第七章》(Title Ⅶ of the 1964 Civil Rights Act)

civil rights movement 民权运动第二次世界大战后美国黑人反对种族隔离与歧视，争取民主权利的群众运动。战后头10年，美国黑人争取平等自由的运动只限于由美国全国有色人种协进会在法院进行的斗争。1954 年5月17日，美国最高法院为改变美国在国际上的形象，就布朗控诉托布卡教育委员会一案作出判决：公立学校所实行的种族隔离教育是不平等的，违反《宪法第14条修正案》。1955 年12月1日，亚拉巴马州蒙哥马利城黑人R.帕克斯夫人在公共汽车上拒绝让座给白人，被捕入狱。在青年黑人牧师M.L.金的领导下，全城5万黑人团结一致 ，罢乘公共汽车达一年之久 ，终于迫使汽车公司取消种族隔离制。1957年，金牧师及其支持者组成南方基督教领袖会议，将运动深入到南部生活的各个领域。1958年南方21个主要城市组织集会，发动黑人争取公民权利。1960年2月1日，北卡罗来纳州格林斯伯勒城 4个黑人大学生进入一餐馆，白人服务员命令他们走开，他们静坐不动。这一英勇行为立刻得到南部广大黑人学生响应，发展为大规模静坐运动 ，迫使近 200 个城市的餐馆取消隔离制。1961 年 5 月初，种族平等大会又开展自由乘客运动。不久，在学生非暴力协调委员会参与下，得到许多白人支持，逐渐发展为全国性运动，迫使南部诸州取消州际公共汽车乘坐上的种族隔离制。1963年3月，金牧师等人在南部种族隔离极严重的伯明翰组织示威游行，要求取消全城隔离制。示威群众受到残酷镇压 ， 但由于金牧师的坚持和美国联邦政府被迫进行干预，该城种族隔离制全部被取消。伯明翰事件后，民权运动队伍迅速扩大。1963年8月28日组织25万人 (其中1／4为白人)向华盛顿进军，要求就业，要求“立即自由”。另外，有些城市黑人还开展以暴力对付暴力的斗争。1964年迫使L.B.约翰逊总统签署了《民权法》。但南部诸州仍采用各种手法阻止黑人选民登记。于是，金牧师等在种族主义非常猖獗的亚拉巴马州塞尔马市进行黑人选民登记运动，并于1965年3月冒着被殴打 、杀害的危险由塞尔马向州首府蒙哥马利进军，最后参加人数达15万。在世界人民谴责面前，美国政府于同年8月要求国会通过了《 选民登记法》。上述两法未能实际完全取消南部种族隔离与歧视制度，而北部事实上的种族歧视还有加剧之势。1968 年3月，金牧师组织贫民进军 (又称穷人运动) ，途经田纳西州孟菲斯市时，被种族主义分子枪杀。后来黑人领袖们发起的民族自决运动、黑人权力运动、黑豹党运动以及黑人群众自发的大规模城市骚动等，实际上都是以不同形式反对事实上的种族隔离制，特别是就业歧视制度的民权运动的继续。美国黑人民权运动是现代非暴力运动的典型，在全世界被压迫阶级之中影响深远，它使人们看到可以通过合法的群众运动获得民主权利的可能，也使人看到世界必将走向民主平等的趋势。

民权行动主义

平民自由，平民权利

这是 民权运动 的意思。 civil 是公民，民间的意思；right 有权利的意思；而movement 则是运动的意思请采纳

公民权利领导杭州精锐08

黑人民权运动

This is the second time the United States after world war ii black against racial segregation and discrimination, the mass movement for democratic rights

American black civil rights movement is typical of modern nonviolent movement in the world among oppressed classes far-reaching influence, it makes people see can get through lawful mass movement civil rights may, also make the person to see the world will certainly to move towards democracy, equality trend. 1861 to 1910: for equal suffrage rights struggle 1861, American civil war breaks out. In order to win in the civil war, Lincoln in 1862 released famous jiefang declaration of the black slaves in law, blacks for free. After the civil war, American blacks began to get equal right for universal suffrage difficult struggle. Under pressure, the United States congress successively in 1865, 1868 and in 1870 by constitutional article 13, 14 and 15 amendment, will liberty, citizenship, and vote gives blacks. Although the states also through specific election participation of black clause limits, blacks still cannot achieve the same equal status with white, still everywhere receives discrimination, however, this period is still black American political history landmark age. 1911 in 1950: black political force rising 。eliminated public white supremacists for blacks to win, civil rights. It put America from a tolerate racism, discrimination against the black social transformation as a race, regardless of color and admit that every citizen of equal rights society, thus deeply changed people"s thoughts. Not only that, the civil-rights movement also inspired a new era of American society of democracy and freedom struggle. The modern women"s movement, anti-war movement, the new left movement and other ethnic its own struggle for rights etc are so the impact of the civil rights movement. 翻译：美国黑人民权运动的非暴力运动,是典型的现代世界上被压迫阶级之间的影响深远,它让人们看到可以通过合法的群众运动的民事权利,也使人可以看到世界必将走向民主、平等的趋势。1861年至1910年普选权争取平等的斗争:1861年,美国内战爆发。为了能在竞争激烈的内战期间,林肯在1862年发布的《解放宣言》著名黑人奴隶在法律上,黑人是免费的。南北战争后,美国黑人开始得到平等权利普选的艰苦斗争。在压力下,美国国会,1868年先后在1865年,1870年通过宪法第13、14和15个修正案,将自由、公民权和投票给黑人。虽然各州也通过选举参与的特定条款限制黑人,黑人还不能达到同样的平等的地位与白色,依然处处受到歧视,然而,这一时期美国黑人的政治历史仍然是具有里程碑意义的年龄。1911年在1950年:黑色的政治力量不断上升。公众对于黑人白人至上主义者们消除赢得、民事权利。它使美国从一个容忍种族主义、歧视黑人社会转型作为一个种族,不分肤色和承认每一个公民社会的平等权利,从而深深地改变了人们的想法。不仅如此,民权运动也鼓舞了美国社会的一个新时代的民主和自由的斗争。现代妇女运动,反战运动,新左派运动和其他民族争取权利的斗争的影响等是如此民权运动。

美国黑人民权运动(African-American Civil Rights Movement，又译为"非裔美国人民权运动"，1955年-1968年)，美国民权运动的一部分，于1950年代兴起，直至1970年代，乃是经由非暴力的抗议行动，争取非裔美国人民权的群众斗争。

人权运动 主要是指黑人的为了自由引发的“人道主义”运动，要求政府给予黑人自由 给予平等权利，禁止歧视，最早当然是林肯的“解放黑奴宣言”，由此引发南北战争，后来内战结束了，可种族歧视任然存在，后来就有了马丁的华盛顿游行，就一直持续到现在

civil rights movementMovement for racial equality in the U.S. that, through nonviolent protest, broke the pattern of racial segregation in the South and achieved equal rights legislation for blacks.Following the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), African American and white supporters attempted to end entrenched segregationist practices. When Rosa Parks was arrested in 1955 in Montgomery, Ala., an African American boycott of the bus system was led by Martin Luther King, Jr., and Ralph Abernathy. In the early 1960s the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee led boycotts and sit-ins to desegregate many public facilities. Using the nonviolent methods of Mohandas K. Gandhi, the movement spread, forcing the desegregation of department stores, supermarkets, libraries, and movie theatres. The Deep South remained adamant in its opposition to most desegregation measures, often violently; protesters were attacked and occasionally killed. Their efforts culminated in a march on Washington, D.C., in 1963 to support civil rights legislation. Following the assassination of John F. Kennedy, Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson persuaded Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964, a victory that was followed by the Voting Rights Act in 1965. After 1965, militant groups such as the Black Panther Party split off from the civil rights movement, and riots in black ghettos and King"s assassination caused many supporters to withdraw. In the succeeding decades, leaders sought power through elective office and substantive economic and educational gains through affirmative action.

公民的基本权利：1、法律面前一律平等；2、政治权利和自由，包括选举权和被选举权，言论、出版、集会、结社、游行、示威的自由；3、宗教信仰自由；4、人身与人格权，包括人身自由不受侵犯，人格尊严不受侵犯，住宅不受侵犯，通信自由和通信秘密受法律保护；5、监督权，包括对国家机关及其工作人员有批评、建议、申诉、控告、检举并依法取得赔偿的权利；6、社会经济权利，包括劳动权利，劳动者休息权利，退休人员生活保障权利，因年老、疾病、残疾或丧失劳动能力时从国家和社会获得社会保障与物质帮助的权利；7、社会文化权利和自由，包括受教育权利，进行科研、文艺创作和其他文化活动的自由；8、妇女保护权，包括妇女在政治、经济、文化、社会和家庭生活等方面享有同男子同等的权利；9、婚姻、家庭、母亲和儿童受国家保护；10、华侨、归侨和侨眷的正当权利和利益受国家保护。扩展资料：公民的基本权利(fundamentalright)和基本义务(fundamentalduty)，是指由宪法所确认的、作为公民所应当享有和履行的最起码的法律权利和义务。基本权利和义务的范围各国不一致，主要是根据各自的民族传统和需要确定。基本权利和基本义务属于法律权利义务的范畴，但它们高于一般的法律权利义务。具体表现在：第一，它们对于国家和公民来说，都是必不可少的。所以，在现代社会，基本权利是这样一种权利——公民如不享有，则不成其为国家主人或主权者;基本义务是一种公民如不履行、国家就不能进行有效的管理的义务。第二，因为宪法就是处理公民与国家基本政治关系的法律，所以，宪法规定基本权利和义务，目的主要是为了确认公民有对抗政府的可能侵犯手段，使政府不能随意剥夺;同时，基本义务的规定，也可赋予政府以合法的强制手段，使个别公民不能借主权者的地位拒绝履行对社会应尽的责任。第三，基本权利和义务构成了普通法律权利和义务的基础或原则。第四，基本权利有一个区别于普通法律权利的重要特点，即有些基本权利是不能放弃的，如人身自由权，只能被法律剥夺，而不能自动放弃。另外，还应了解到，在宪法学上，如上一章所述，我国的“公民”和“人民”是两个不同的概念。首先，公民是法律概念，与外国人和无国籍人相对应;人民是政治概念，与敌人相对应，在不同历史时期有着不同的内涵。在现阶段，依据《宪法》序言第10段的规定，人民是指全体社会主义劳动者、拥护社会主义的爱国者和拥护祖国统一的爱国者。所以其次，二者的法律地位也有区别。我们讲“人民的权利”，主要是指人民当家作主的政治权利;讲“公民的权利”，指的是所有具有中国国籍的人所享有的法律权利。第三，地位的不同导致了二者在享受权利方面的差异。公民中的人民，享有宪法和法律规定的全部权利并履行全部义务;而公民中的敌人则不能享受全部的法律权利，也不允许他们履行公民的某些光荣义务。第四，二者的范围也不同。我国公民的范围要比人民的范围更广泛，除了包括人民以外，还包括人民的敌人。第五，公民通常所表达的是个体的概念，人民所表达的是群体的概念。除了基本权利的概念外，我们还将谈到“宪法权利”和“公民权”两个词汇。一般而言，宪法权利(constitutionalrights)就是宪法规定的公民的基本权利，但在有些国家，宪法权利的外延要广于基本权利，在建立了司法审查制的国家中，宪法权利还包括宪法没有明确规定、而由司法机关所确认的公民权。公民权也可以称为民权(civilrights)，其基础和主要内容都属于宪法权利，尽管一般也以公民资格为享受权利的条件，但其范围非常广泛，几乎涉及到个人社会生活的各个方面。参考资料来源：百度百科-公民的基本权利

选举权和被选举权。

和楼上的 有同感，文章太长了阿---

死囚之舞

谁更聪明,男人或者女人吗?它已经成为一个严重问题,为我们的政策学校及学生。 17年来的努力来提高学术成果的女孩,国家可以自豪地说,女学生进步大大女性比男性应用到现在,大学毕业的. 作为一个结果,美国民权委员会正在审查是否学院从事广泛的歧视妇女为了平衡他们的男性和女性的数量。 考虑一些数字在主要流派:在大学,瓦萨大学女子学院,超过三分之二的申请人去年是女性。大学接受了21%的果树女神,但是男性今年只有13%的女性申请者。在维吉尼亚大学的William&Mary,7652女人申请本年度课4457相比,男性的申请人。 近年来,已有学院领导已经承认他们的机构鼓励男性应聘者具备性别平衡校园大多数的学生喜欢这样的平衡.Commission文件的调查显示,大学能找到更多的学生数量的平衡方法,或许可以通过提供项目和活动,吸引人。 这个问题我们想要的民权委员会调查是:发生了什么,我们与教育男孩吗?为什么那么他们当中很少有人申请,刚从大学毕业有些人说男孩子更活跃,从而减少了能够安静地坐着长periods-and作为结果,更容易被分类为需要特殊教育2008年的研究表明男孩会做得更好,如果他们教语言艺术以不同的方式赛跑是一个因素,好吧这种性别差异是非洲裔的美国,拉丁美洲裔细微差异。 没有理由或解但找出方法来帮助孩子在学校的实现是一种更好的响应的性别差距比,方便他们进入大学以后。

　　Lu Xun introduces　　Chinese modern great writer, thinker and revolutionary. Old name Zhou Shuren, character Henan talent, Zhejiang Shaoxing person. Was born in 1881. In 1902 went to Japan to study abroad, the original study medicine, latter was engaged in the literary and artistic work, attempted with by to change the national spirit. In May, 1918, first time used "Lu Xun" the pen name, published in the Chinese modern literature the first vernacular novel "Diary of a Madman", has established the new-vernacular literature movement cornerstone. Around 54 movements, participates in "New youth" the magazine edition work, becomes "54" the New Culture Movement great standard-bearer. In 1930, Lu Xun participated in the China free motion big union successively, progress organization and so on the League of Left-Wing Writers" and Chinese civil rights safeguard. After at the beginning of 1936 "the Leftist Association" dismissed, responded the party the summons, positively participated in the literary world and the cultural circle against Japan nationality united front. On October 19, 1936 died of illness in Shanghai. In 1956, the party and the people"s government migrated and has reconstructed the Lu Xun grave in Shanghai. Mao Zedong personally for Lu Xun grave inscription.　　鲁迅先生介绍　　中国近代伟大作家,思想家和革命家. 老字号周树人,字豫才,浙江绍兴人. 出生于1881年. 1902年赴日本留学,原学医 后者是从事文艺工作,企图用改变了民族精神. 今年五月, 1918年,首次用"鲁迅"的笔名, 刊登在中国现代文学首白话小说"狂人日记" 已经成立了新文学运动的基石. 大约54个动作,参加"新青年"杂志的编辑工作,成为"五四"新文化运动的伟大旗手. 1930年,鲁迅参加了中国自由运动大联盟纷纷发表讲话, 进步组织等国际联盟的左翼作家,中国公民权利的保障. 之后,在开始的1936年"左联"开除,响应党的号召, 积极参加文学界和文化界抗日民族统一战线. 关于1936年10月19日病逝于上海. 1956年,党和人民政府迁移并重建了鲁迅墓上海. 毛泽东亲自为鲁迅严重的题词.

UNIT 31.What is an American? He is either a European, or the descendant of a European, hence that strange mixture of blood, which you will find in no other country. He is an American, who leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced, the new government he obeys, and the new rank he holds. ... Here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men, whose labors and posterity will one day cause great changes in the world. ... The American is a new man, who acts new principles; he must therefore entertain new ideas, and form new opinions. 4 . In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?A. Today, Puritans are no longer in existence. But their legacies are still felt in American society and culture. For example, the Puritans hoped to build "a city upon hill" an ideal community. Since that time, Americans have viewed their country as a great experiment, a worthy model for other nations. This sense of mission has been very strong in the minds of many Americans. B. The Puritans also have left rich cultural heritage to future Americans. The American values such as individualism, hard work, respect of education owe very much to the Puritan beliefs. Unit43. What are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the U.S. government? How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other?A 1.-- the legislative branch is made up of elected representatives from all of the states and is the only branch that can make federal laws, levy federal taxes and declare war or put foreign treaties into effect. It consists of a Congress that is divided into the House of Representative and the Senate. The House of Representatives has 435 members who serve two-year terms. The Senate comprises 100 lawmakers who serve six-year terms. Each state, regardless of population, has two senators.2.--- the executive branch is the president, who is elected to a four-year term. A president can be elected to only two terms according to an amendment passed in 1951. The president can appoint federal judges as vacancies occur. He is the commander in chief of the armed forces. The president has other broad authorities in running the government departments and handling foreign relations.3.--- the judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court with a chief justice and 8 associate justices. The Federal courts have jurisdiction over cases arising out of the Constitution and other cases which do not arise out of individual states. The Supreme Court has the judicial review power, the power determining whether congressional legislation or executive action violates the Constitution.B. 1.If Congress proposes a law that the president thinks is unwise, the president can veto it. 2. If Congress passes a law which is then challenged in the courts as unconstitutional, the Supreme Court has the power to declare the law unconstitutional and therefore no longer in effect. 3. The president has the power to make treaties with other nations and to make all appointments to federal positions, including the position of Supreme Court justice. The Senate, however, must approve all treaties and confirm all appointments before they become official. In this way the Congress can prevent the president from making unwise appointments.4. What is the Bill of Rights? Do you think that it was necessary to write the Bill of Rights explicitly into the U.S. Constitution? The Bill of Rights: the first 10 amendments, collectively known as the Bill of Rights, were added within two years of the adoption of the U.S. Constitution. These amendments remain intact today, as they were written two centuries ago. The first guarantees freedom of worship, speech and press, the right of peaceful assembly, and the right to petition the government to correct wrongs. The Bill of Rights and subsequent constitutional amendments guarantee the American people the fullest possible opportunity to enjoy fundamental human rights.UNIT 61. In what way do you think that religious freedom was a historical necessity in the United States?1.By the middle of the 18th century, many different kinds of Protestants lived in America. 2.. The Great Awakening of the 1740s, a "revival" movement that sought to breathe new feeling and strength into religion, cut across the lines of Protestant religious groups, or denominations.3.A few Americans were so influenced by the new science and new ideas of the Enlightenment in Europe that they became deists, believing that reason teaches that God exists but leaves man free to settle his own affairs.4.The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States forbade the new federal government to give special favors to any religion or to hinder the free practice, or exercise, of religion. 3 What promotes the diversity in American religion?1. The United States has always been a fertile ground for the growth of new religious movements. Frontier America provided plenty of room to set up a new church or found a new community.2.Many religious communities and secular utopias, or experiments in new forms of social living, were founded in 18th and 19th century America. 3. Americans with different religions live together under the same law. 4.The religious beliefs of Americans continue to be strong with social progress.5. In the United States every church is a completely independent organization, and concerned with its own finance and its own building.6. Continuous immigration.UNIT 8 3.What are the major characteristics of education in America?1. About 85% of American students attend public schools (schools supported by American taxpayers). The other 15% attend private schools, for which their families choose to pay special attendance fees. Four out of five private schools in the United States are run by churches, synagogues or other religious groups. In such schools, religious teachings are a part of the curriculum.2. Each of the 50 states in the United States has its own laws regulating education. From state to state, some laws are similar; others are not. Education in the United States was to remain in the hands of state and local governments. 3. Americans have a strong tendency to educate their children about major public concerns—problems such as environmental pollution, nuclear issues, neighborhood crime and drugs. Unit9一（1）the Civil Rights Movement, the Youth Movement, the Anti-War Movement, Free Speech Movement, Counter Culture, Women"s Liberation Movement. （2） 1. During World War Two, many American Negroes had a teste of life outside the South. They knew that life in the segregated South, where Negroes were prevented from working at good jobs and getting good education, was not the American way of life. 2. Women earned less money and had fewer opportunities to advance than men working in the same jobs, or they became housewives, isolated at home with their children. 3. Many young people resented traditional white male values in US society. 4. When the US army began to fight in Vietnam, many people thought the war was wrong. They did not understand why US troops were fighting in Asia.

Human rights 是人权的意思。Civil rights是公民权利的意思。两者区别百度

　　即“美国民权运动 ”“美国黑人民权运动”　　美国民权运动　　Civil Rights Movement，United States　　第二次世界大战后美国黑人反对种族隔离与歧视，争取民主权利的群众运动。　　战后头10年，美国黑人争取平等自由的运动只限于由美国全国有色人种协进会在法院进行的斗争。1954 年5月17日，美国最高法院为改变美国在国际上的形象，就布朗控诉托布卡教育委员会一案作出判决：公立学校所实行的种族隔离教育是不平等的，违反《宪法第14条修正案》。1955 年12月1日，亚拉巴马州蒙哥马利城黑人R.帕克斯夫人在公共汽车上拒绝让座给白人，被捕入狱。在青年黑人牧师M.L.金的领导下，全城5万黑人团结一致 ，罢乘公共汽车达一年之久 ，终于迫使汽车公司取消种族隔离制。1957年，金牧师及其支持者组成南方基督教领袖会议，将运动深入到南部生活的各个领域。1958年南方21个主要城市组织集会，发动黑人争取公民权利。1960年2月1日，北卡罗来纳州格林斯伯勒城 4个黑人大学生进入一餐馆，白人服务员命令他们走开，他们静坐不动。这一英勇行为立刻得到南部广大黑人学生响应，发展为大规模静坐运动 ，迫使近 200 个城市的餐馆取消隔离制。1961 年 5 月初，种族平等大会又开展自由乘客运动。不久，在学生非暴力协调委员会参与下，得到许多白人支持，逐渐发展为全国性运动，迫使南部诸州取消州际公共汽车乘坐上的种族隔离制。　　1963年3月，金牧师等人在南部种族隔离极严重的伯明翰组织示威游行，要求取消全城隔离制。示威群众受到残酷镇压 ， 但由于金牧师的坚持和美国联邦政府被迫进行干预，该城种族隔离制全部被取消。　　伯明翰事件后，民权运动队伍迅速扩大。1963年8月28日组织25万人 (其中1／4为白人)向华盛顿进军，要求就业，要求“立即自由”。另外，有些城市黑人还开展以暴力对付暴力的斗争。1964年迫使L.B.约翰逊总统签署了《民权法》。但南部诸州仍采用各种手法阻止黑人选民登记。于是，金牧师等在种族主义非常猖獗的亚拉巴马州塞尔马市进行黑人选民登记运动，并于1965年3月冒着被殴打 、杀害的危险由塞尔马向州首府蒙哥马利进军，最后参加人数达15万。在世界人民谴责面前，美国政府于同年8月要求国会通过了《 选民登记法》。　　上述两法未能实际完全取消南部种族隔离与歧视制度，而北部事实上的种族歧视还有加剧之势。1968 年3月，金牧师组织贫民进军 (又称穷人运动) ，途经田纳西州孟菲斯市时，被种族主义分子枪杀。后来黑人领袖们发起的民族自决运动、黑人权力运动、黑豹党运动以及黑人群众自发的大规模城市骚动等，实际上都是以不同形式反对事实上的种族隔离制，特别是就业歧视制度的民权运动的继续。

民权主义运动

1. Why was Martin Luther King a great man？Because he worked for racial equality(种族平等）and civil rights（民权）in the United States2 .WHen was Mattin Luther King born？He was born on january 15th,19293 .When and where did he get degrees？In 1948,he got a degree from Morehouse College. In 1955,at Boston University he got another degree in 1955.4 .How old was Martin Luther King when he won the Nobel Peace Prize？He was 35 when he won the Nobel Peace Prize5 .TO remember him，what do peo do each year？To remember him ,people celebrate Martin Luther King each year on the third Monday in January.Also,August 28th,the day of Dr.King"s I have a dream speech ,is called "Dream Day".

1964年第七章民权法案

罗莎·帕克斯:母亲的美国民权运动

Chongqing jiangfangbei as a symbol of the buildings in chongqing, often appear in all kinds of commodities and place logo. Chongqing jiangfangbei yuzhong district is located in national and civil rights, minister of the three road intersection crossroads, connects tall, the winding stairs 27.5 m can reach top. The building was originally in 1940, March 12 anniversary of the death of Mr. Sun, woodiness structure, low "spiritual fortress. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945, entitled "the reconstruction of JiGong victory of the Anti-Japanese War monument". 1950 by liu "chongqing to people"s liberation monument". Shopping center is not only the jiangfangbei square of Yangtze river, the western China business gold is the biggest commercial pedestrian mall, shopping, leisure, travel, business, catering, entertainment, and comprehensive functions. In the third central area industrial organization (76), wholesale and retail business covers an area of 5253, Business area of over 5,000 square meters large stores have more than 20, The top of the west of the business enterprise, business center in the jiangfangbei accounted for about five, Hotel (restaurant) more than 10. In 2001, the total sales of jiangbei central commercial 127.2 billion yuan, the breakthrough consumable retail 57.8 realize billion yuan, In 2004, the total sales of jiangfangbei central commercial 184.6 billion yuan, the breakthrough consumable retail 88.6 million yuan; the realization In the west. At the same time, the retail enterprise, top five seats jiangbei occupy, Five of the western listed companies. Jiangfangbei financial securities, insurance, information, catering hotel and leisure entertainment, and modern service industry is developed. More than 340 brands catering outlets, more than 10 hotels, Have more than 70 financial institutions, And telecommunications, information consultation and technology services industry business outlets 300, 25 the world top 500 enterprises in business offices

People with disabilities make up a large part of the population. It is estimated that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. About half of these disabilities are “developmental", i.e., they occur before the individual"s twenty-second birthday, often from genetic conditions, and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication, employment, etc. Most other disabilities are considered “adventitious", i.e., accidental or caused by outside forces.Prior to the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable. Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment. Unfortunately, these basics are often not available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability.In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these infringements（违反；侵犯）of civil rights. Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class under civil rights statutes.Still today, people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently. It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed, and a majority of those who do work are underemployed. About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level.Significant barriers, especially in transportation and public awareness, prevent disabled people from taking part in society. For example, while no longer prohibited by law from marrying, a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships.Only when public attitudes advance as far as laws have will disabled people be fully able to take their rightful place in society.

TMartin Luther King"s "I have a dream" speechhere are few more well-known or powerful speeches that that given by civil rights leader Martin Luther King on the steps at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. on August 28, 1963. The most famous paragraph, embedded in the middle of the speech is as follows: "I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal." I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave-owners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a desert state, sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today."

我Google出来的印度文化，去看看吧：http://www.indianchild.com/culture%20_1.htm

好好的中国人你怎么不讲中文呢。真是的。

南部的支柱经济是橡胶，棉花等等，需要依靠大量的人力，黑人就是这些人力的来源，这也是南方强烈反对废除奴隶制的原因。当时在美国有一种特殊的职业，捕鲸人，许多黑人在逃离之后都选择加入这个行业，因在这里无论黑人或是白人最大的敌人都是大海，这就需要放下成见，精诚合作。南北战争之后很多的黑人都加入了政府军参战。残酷的战争，也是最体现自我价值的地方。

物价高，空气污染严重，堵车，人多，吵。

外研版新标准英语教材教材分析 B3M5: Climbing Qomolangma: Worth the Risks? 关于珠穆朗玛峰的课文，学生们在初中就已经学过，为人教版八年级下册第七单元的文章。其文本如下： 该文章呈现了许多有关珠穆朗玛峰的内容，Para1为珠穆朗玛峰的的基本信息（facts and dangers），Para2为登山者的基本信息（Achievements of climbers），Para3对人们攀登珠峰时所表现出的勇敢的精神给予了肯定（Spirit of climbers）。对于初中的学生来说，文章学习到这个程度就是足够了的，到了高一下学期，重新学习这个话题的时候，深度和难度自然是上升了不少。以下为课本原文：可以从课本布局上看出，左边Activity 1为一幅喜马拉雅山的地图和信息，教师可以让学生在课前收集相关资料，课上可以根据课本信息直接提问，除了地图上的height、camps、facts等基本信息梳理，教师还可以进行更深层次的挖掘，例如： Q1: Why are there so many camps on Mount Qomolangma?（为何在珠穆朗玛峰上需要这么多的营地？）Q2: What would happen if there aren"t camps for climbers?（对于爬山者来说没有营地会发生什么？）这两个问题可以充分让学生认识到珠穆朗玛峰的危险，教师在这个导入环节不需过多停留（within 5 mins），这本质上是对学生预习的检测，完成之后便可以直接进入主题，进行课文内容的学习。本文为专栏文章，体裁为论说文，对于到底值不值得冒着生命危险去爬珠穆朗玛峰进行了论述。文章标题后有个问号，说明这是一个需要探讨的问题，或者是具有争议，或者需要探讨背后的原因。一部分论说文会在标题后面设置问号，如必修一的Click for a friend?和必修三的 Good book, bad movie? 以及Franklin"s experiment: how much is true?这三篇课文，都在标题后加有问号，教师可以将这几篇文章进行对比，对于标题中的问题都是怎样展开论述的。通读本篇课文后可将文章分为四部分：Part 1: Para 1 introductionPart 2: Para 2-3 phononminon (examples)Part 3: Para 4-6 the theory behindPart 4: Para 7 the conclusion其中的Part 2和Part 3为文章body部分，是文章的主干。为何这样分文章结构，教师需引领学生分析：Para 1是文章的引入部分，一共四句话，前两句话铺垫满满，氛围满满，到底是一种什么样的experience会让人spent good money 之后却become sick 甚至是lose lives呢？第三句话是一句yet引导的转折句，将这样的experience意义更深地拓展，意为“尽管如此，还是有很多人愿意再次体验”。在前三句如此丰富的铺垫之后，第四句话才点明了主题。这样的写作手法也是英语文章中的一个惯用套路，在Para 1中的前几句进行引入或者铺垫，最后一句点明主题，开启下文的陈述。在阅读时，Para 1的最后一句往往非常关键，教师需要引导学生学着去抓重点句子。Para 2-3分别举例Mallory与Alan，这二人对于攀登珠穆朗玛峰有着相似的看法，文中用直接引语呈现了大量二人说过的话，原话的引用使得文章能更具有说服力。Mallory从中获得的是“just sheer joy”，Alan则是据此能够审视自己的内心（look deep inside yourself and figure out...）。可以看出二人在攀登珠峰的过程中最大的收获皆是内心的满足感，哪怕会付出生命的代价。教师在解读这两人所说的话时应注意他们两个是典型的“Type T”人格，完全不同于不喜欢冒险和极限运动的人，而学生的生活缺乏类似的经历，可能会不太理解这种想法，教师需要引导学生进行思考，顺势开启下文的教学。 在Para 2中有一句话意思比较难理解，“Mallory would die on the mountain in 1924...”教师可以给学生解释下这里的过去将来时时态，不需要细讲，只需点明1924这个时间是过去的将来即可，当时的Mallory也不知道不久的将来自己会去世，让学生能更顺畅地理解文章。 平日里我们传授给学生的教育，学生所接受的教育都是说要珍爱生命的，那他们这种力量为何会凌驾于生命之上呢？Para 4-6是对以Mallory与Alan为代表的登山者的行为（Para 2-3）做出了理论解释。Para 4的第一句话就提出了这样的疑问，爬珠穆朗玛峰的结果无非两个——total success/ failure(death)，驱使登山者们冒着生命危险去登山，这现象背后的科学原因是什么呢？第二句话紧跟着就给出了解释：risk-taking may be part of human nature...some of us more likely to take risks than others...很显然，Qomolangma climbers就是这样的人，乐于冒险，他们天生的基因就是如此，这种人被称为“Type T”。这是心理学家Frank得出的结论，他在Para 5中对这种人格进行了具体的阐释，本质上这类人认为自己是expert，是有专业能力可以处理各种极端状况的，所以并不是在taking risks，价值体系与我们的不一样。Para 6中又给出了另一个公式解释：BENEFIT越大，desire to seek risks就越强，二者成正比。那什么才是BENEFIT呢？登山者到底能获得什么样的BENEFIT？教师可以以此追问学生，引导学生从Mallory与Alan身上找出答案，BENEFIT就是前文提到的内心的满足感。这里一定要引导学生回到前文进行探讨，因为文中的例子与理论分析并不是割裂的，举例就是为了说明背后的理论，这样的论说才有实际意义，无论缺了哪一个都会显得单薄没有说服力。Para 4-6里提到的心理学家的话、科学研究等，都是为了增强“Type T”理论的说服力，并不是随随便便说说的，在论说文里，这样的证明方式会更加科学严谨。这部分也有一些生难词汇，如，majority一词的意思教师需给学生解释，是most of的意思，这个词在高二选修二Unit1中还会出现在大标题里The age of majority，是age at which full civil rights are accorded（成年）。这是词汇的阶梯式学习，在高一时，词汇会简单些，意思也比较常见，到了高二会挖掘出更深层次的意思。可见，词汇的学习并不是一蹴而就的，也不是越深越好，而是要立足于课堂，循序渐进地以“为学生扫清阅读障碍”为标准来进行讲解，需要让学生提前预习词汇，不要让词汇成为阅读的拦路虎。整个高中阶段的词汇学习是一个完整的体系，教师需要根据单元话题和语篇学习的需要来讲解词汇，若按照字典的词条一条条解释、一次性灌输给学生，不仅没有必要，而且浪费时间，不符合记忆规律，学生印象不深刻，记不住。Para 7为文章的结尾段，作者并未将这些价值理论强加给读者，而是通过科学合理的论述将这件事情拆解开来，给读者呈现了一个对普通人来说不是那么普世的价值观，将自主选择权交给了读者。教师可以在post-reading部分让学生就worth the risks or not这个问题进行讨论，相信学生在学习之后定会有自己的看法。教师在分析文本时需牢记在心的是：这个世界异彩纷呈，我们只需要将它们呈现在学生面前，学生自会有领悟。Come on!

今天的美国，在种族歧视方面可以说是新旧并存。一方面，旧有的种族主义势力仍然存在，他们尽管人数不多，但是在美国社会中总是可以掀起大浪。一、当今美国种族歧视的现状波士顿大学的一位黑人研究生约翰•史利文森对记者说，即使在他就读的中学、大学里，都有许多种族歧视的影子存在。 他回忆说，2年前，一次自己和同伴到大学的一个俱乐部里玩，刚进门，就感觉到许多白人投来鄙视的目光。俱乐部的服务生上来很不客气的说，“这里是私人场所，请你们这些黑鬼离开”。同伴告诉他，这里是一个只允许白人进入的俱乐部，老板有很强的3K党背景。 从历史上来看，美国并没有形成种族歧视的先天因素。美国是一个移民国家，多数美国人的祖先来自世界各地，其中爱尔兰裔、德裔、意大利裔和西班牙裔的白人比较多，而黑人的比例已经达到13%，近年来亚裔移民数量也有所增加。但是美国依然存在着比较强大的种族歧视力量。对此原因，彼得•罗格认为，这要从全球种族歧视的背景中间寻找原因。在长期的历史过程中，白人社会由于生产力水平较高，对有色人种族裔的歧视本质上主要是对落后社会和不同文化的排斥。这种情况在美国的多种族社会中，就成为了全球种族歧视的一个缩影。二、美国种族歧视的种类以不完全科学性的归类方法，美国的种族歧视可分为有四大类型：挑衅型：直接赤裸裸地蔑视，毫无保留地公然羞辱。用不同方式表示其优越感与排斥性的叫阵辱骂，其暴力形象与突发特质，具有强烈的侵略性之危险，被害者常是手足无措，不知如何应对。 实例:公众场所或街道上，以污蔑手势或侮辱言语对有色人种公然的无聊骚扰或故意挑衅，或在谈话中以歧视的内涵或话题当面说出以羞辱对方，更有粗暴地喝令或阻止非英语的交谈，这是美国，要讲英语等等。包装型：表里不一，说一套作一套。表面上婉转有礼情意恳切，常使不知就里的人衷心感动信以为真，殊不知暗中背后的种族歧视尖锐的程度，更是防不胜防，吃了亏还不知所以然。 实例：这种假冒伪善笑里藏刀的事，在日常生活中仰俯即是，在工作业务、交涉事情、社交活动、电话沟通、市场买卖、等的必须行为中，他们对有色人种绝不露出任何行迹，甚至皮笑肉不笑的表面亲和，但转过身后则是优越感的言行。冷默型：对有色人种以一种不假颜色，始终保持冷若冰霜的沉默态度。是一种公然的不屑一顾，但不以语言或文字具体表明。其心中的种族歧视不下于其他类型，可能更甚一层，也是最叫人难以捉摸的一种。 实例：在办公室里、住家邻居、学校校园、社交场合等环境里，彼此都认识，对有色人种就是不理不睬，视若无睹，但对其相同肤色的白人则是谈笑风生亲切有加。这种公然偏见高傲的种族歧视，在白领环境中有的毫不掩饰，有的时隐时现，但优越感地公然歧视则完全相同，属于挑衅性软式暴力。无知型：对事实真相毫无认识，也无意愿了解实情，加上白人原始侵略人性的作祟，特别是低教育人群，他们本能地做着主观引导的言行，对种族歧视的表达有近乎盲目的需求。 实例：一般白人大众对美国以外的事务，基本上所知有限，更缺乏兴趣。在其国内的媒体、宗教、传统、与政治等因素的长期误导下，加上85%的蓝领阶层的低落教育水平，不懂得尊重其他文化，盲目地自我狂大，充分的无知阔少特质，毫无天外有天人后有人的谦虚素养。天生地对其他人种持有轻蔑心态，使这种无知型的种族歧视非常盲从，易于被煽动，常被别有居心者利用与操纵。三、美国种族歧视实录 3月21日是“国际消除种族歧视日”。《2005年美国的人权纪录》显示，在美国的司法、医疗、就业和职业等领域，存在着相当严重的种族歧视现象，黑人和其他少数民族处于美国社会的底层。 据美国城市联合会发表的题为《美国黑人状况》的报告，在美国，黑人被逮捕后，被关进监狱的可能性比白人大3倍，黑人被判死刑的可能性比白人大4倍。犯同样的罪，黑人平均服刑比白人长6个月。 这是2005年10月8日，在美国路易斯安那州新奥尔良市波旁大街的一家酒吧外，几名白人警察正在殴打一名老年黑人男子。 《2005年美国非裔状况》调查报告显示，目前非裔家庭收入只有白人家庭收入的1／10；黑人享受的福利只占白人的3／4。2004年，美国黑人的贫困人口比例高达24.7％，拉美裔的贫困人口比例高达21.9％，而白人的比例为8.6％。 这是2005年6月10日，一名无家可归的黑人男子在美国东南部的迈阿密南海滩钻进塑料袋里躲避飓风袭击。 美国联邦调查局2005年10月发表报告称，2004年，美国有9528人成为仇恨犯罪的受害者，其中有53.8％与种族偏见有关，67.9％是针对黑人的歧视，而犯仇恨罪的人中60.6％是白人。 这是2003年7月8日，在美国密西西比州东部城市默里迪恩市的洛克希德•马丁公司飞机制造厂，一名枪击事件受害者被送到救护车上。当天上午，该工厂员工道格•威廉斯携带武器进入工厂，打死5人、打伤8人后饮弹自尽。威廉斯一贯憎恨黑人，平时经常扬言要杀人。四、不能只看民族宽容和表面融洽的一面 美国人喜欢自豪地说，美国是个“民族大熔炉”。这不能说是自吹自擂，因为确有事实根据。美国是世界上三大移民国家(美国、加拿大、澳大利亚)之一，每年都有数十万来自世界各地的合法或非法的新移民进入。美国生存和发展的机会很多，不论哪个民族的新移民，只要身强力壮，不怕吃苦，努力拼搏，都能在美国生存下去。如果有专长，还会找到发展机会。不过近两年美国经济衰退，而中国发展势头强劲，美国发展的机会不如中国多了。 ッ拦有许多法律规定，严格禁止种族歧视。比如，房主出租房子如果拒绝有色人种，房客可以到法院控告；公司商号、餐馆、旅店、公共娱乐场所，如果歧视不同肤色顾客，都将受法律制裁，包括罚款、赔礼道歉、纠正错误等等。对于公开散布种族歧视言论，美国公众是不能容忍的。最近美国参议院共和党领袖换了人，原因是前任领袖洛特，在庆祝老参议员瑟蒙德百岁生日聚会上说：“如果瑟蒙德1948年大选时出任总统，美国现在的情况会更好。”瑟蒙德是一个种族主义者，当年竞选的惟一政纲是坚持实行种族隔离政策。洛特赞扬瑟蒙德，等于赞扬种族隔离政策，这就激怒了美国广大民众，抨击谴责之声四起。布什总统和共和党领袖们看到势头不妙，担心发展下去将影响下一届总统和国会议员的大选，便对洛特施加压力，迫其辞职下台。 ピ诿拦的邮局、移民局、国税局、社会安全局等机关，职员中有色人种竟然比白人还多(因为美国政府机关的一般小职员，工作稳定，福利待遇好，有色人种视为“美差”；但是，工资水平比私人公司低，升迁机会也少，所以白人并不太喜欢)。ゴ由鲜鲋种郑可以说美国是一个民族宽容、民族和睦的国家，种族歧视从表面上讲，并非十分严重。这同上个世纪六十年代马丁•路德•金发动民权运动以前的情况，确有不同。ヒ形种族歧视依然严重，并且根深蒂固六、“永世翻不了身”的黑人 在美国，黑人是各族裔中处境最不好的。贫穷率、失业率和犯罪率都是黑人最高。据统计，黑人的失业率是白人的两倍以上；黑人占美国总人口的12%，但在监狱中，黑人罪犯却占47%。一位民权领袖作过统计，在成年黑人男子中，三个人中就有一个人曾经或者正在坐牢。为什么情况如此触目惊心？ 一、在各族裔中，黑人收入水平最低。据2000年统计，美国黑人的年平均收入只相当白人的62.9%。“穷”是许多问题的根源：住不起好社区，而住在贫民区，不但生活居住条件差，社会环境和社会风气也差；收入低，不仅物质生活好不了，精神生活也粗俗低下；收入低，影响对子女进行教育的能力(财力和家长用于教育子女的精力)，等等。 二、在各族裔中，黑人是教育和文化水平最低的。在美国，按接受高中以上教育的比例多少排队，亚裔第一，欧裔第二(两者相差不大)，西班牙语裔第三，非洲裔第四。接受教育少，科学文化水平低，能力就差，找不到好的工作，收入自然低，也就穷；而家庭穷了，子女教育就差。于是，贫穷和缺乏教育互为因果，形成“恶性循环”。 一般来说，黑人文化传统使他们不重视子女教育，对孩子经常是放任他们自然成长；同时，因为穷，申请社会安全补助的家庭也多，助长他们多生孩子(多一个孩子多一份补助)，遇事向政府伸手，孩子和大人在艰苦奋斗、努力拼搏等方面，不如西语裔，更不如亚裔。 ト、黑人青少年不好好上学，在街头游荡的比例，远高于其他族裔。这是家庭贫困，不重视子女教育和管束的必然结果。 ニ摹⑵睹裆缜环境不好，加上街头游荡的青少年多，社会秩序和治安状况差。黑人贫民聚集的地区，大多是酗酒、卖淫、贩卖毒品，以及偷窃、抢劫和严重刑事犯罪猖狂的地区。美国的大城市都有这样的贫民区，其中居民以黑人为主，其次是西语裔及其他少数族裔。在这样地区生活的人，大多数世世代代穷下去，“永世难翻身”。也有少数人经过奋斗，接受了大学以上的教育，或者靠黑人天赋的体育音乐才能，“出了头”。一旦出了头，富裕起来了，也就不再在贫民区居住，搬到好社区去了。贫民区还是老样子。七、总结总之,要解决族歧视问题,不是一朝一夕的事,必须通过长时间的努力,但要彻消除歧视问题,世界人民必须共同行动起来,才可能使世界实现种族平等.我觉得从美国的种族歧视状况来看,结合实际,我觉得可以有如下解决办法:一:各个种族必须自力更生,只有自己的种族强大了,别的种族才可能瞧得起你.二:倡导各个种族平等,只有全世界人民都进行宣传和行动,才可能实现民族平等.三:必须制定合理的法律制度,严禁种族歧视.四:各个种族间应该增进交流,发展友谊,让彼此更多地了解对方。个人简介马丁 • 路德 • 金，将“非暴力”（ nonviolence ）和“直接行动”（ direct action ）作为社会变革方法的最为突出的倡导者之一。 1929 年 1 月 15 日，马丁•路德•金在亚特兰大（ Atlanta ）出生。他是牧师亚当 • 丹尼尔 • 威廉姆斯（ Rev. A.D. Williams ）的外孙，威廉姆斯是埃比尼泽浸信会（ Ebenezer Baptist Church ）的牧师和全国有色人种协进会（ NAACP ）亚特兰大分会的发起人；他是老马丁 • 路德 • 金（ Martin Luther King, Sr. ）的儿子，老马丁 • 路德 • 金继承父亲威廉姆斯成了埃比尼泽的牧师。 金的家族发源于非洲裔美国人的浸信会。在结束亚特兰大莫尔浩司学院（ Morehouse College ）的学业后，金又在宾夕法尼亚州 ( Pennsylvania ）的克劳泽神学院（ Crozer Theological Seminary ）和波士顿（ Boston University ）大学就读，在学习中，他加深了对神学的认识并探究圣雄甘地（ Mahatma Gandhi ）在社会改革方面的非暴力策略。 1953 年，金和柯瑞塔 • 斯科特（ Coretta Scott ）结婚。第二年，他在阿拉巴马州（ Alabama ）蒙哥马利（ Montgomery ）的德克斯特大街浸信会（ Dexter Avenue Baptist Church ）当了一名牧师。 1955 年，金获得了系统神学的博士学位。 1955 年 12 月 5 日 ，民权积极分子罗莎 • 帕克斯（ Rosa Parks ）拒绝遵从蒙哥马利公车上的种族隔离政策，在此之后，黑人居民发起了对公共汽车抵制运动（ bus boycott ）并选举金作他们新形式下蒙格马利权利促进协会（ Montgomery Improvement Association ）的领头人。公共汽车抵制运动在 1956 年持续一年，金因其领导地位而名声大噪。 1956 年12 月，美国最高法院宣布阿拉巴马州的种族隔离法律违反宪法，蒙哥马利市公车上的种族隔离规定也被废除。 1960 年，黑人大学生们揭起了入座抗议（ sit-in protests ）的浪潮，这促进了学生非暴力协调委员会（ Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, SNCC ）的形成。金支持学生运动，并对创建南方基督教领袖会议的青年分部表现出兴趣。学生激进分子很钦慕金，但他们不满于金自上而下的领导作风，进而决定取得自治。作为学生非暴力协调委员会的顾问，曾经担任过南方基督教领袖会议副主管的埃拉 • 贝克（ Ella Baker ）向其他民权组织代表阐明，学生非暴力协调委员会将仍是一个学生领导的组织。 1961 年“自由乘车运动”（ Freedom Rides ）中，金由于拒绝参加活动而受到批评，加剧了他同青年激进分子的紧张关系。南方基督教领袖会议和学生非暴力协调委员会之间的矛盾在 1961 年和 1962 年的奥尔巴尼运动（ Albany Movement ）中继续着。 1963 年春天，金和南方基督教领袖会议领导人在阿拉巴马州的伯明翰（ Birmingham ）领导了群众示威。此地以白人警方强烈反对种族融合而著称。徒手的黑人示威者与装备着警犬和消防水枪的警察之间的冲突，作为报纸头条新闻遍及世界各地。总统肯尼迪（ President Kennedy ）对伯明翰的抗议做出了回应，他向国会提出放宽民权立法的要求，这促成了 1964 年民权法案（ Civil Rights Act of 1964 ）的通过。稍后，在 1963 年 8 月 28 日 ，群众示威行动在“华盛顿工作与自由游行”（ March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom ）的运动过程中达到高潮，此次示威运动中有超过二十五万的抗议者聚集在华盛顿特区。在林肯纪念馆的台阶上，金发表了“我有一个梦想”（ I Have a Dream ）的著名演讲。 金的声望随着 1963 年成为时代周刊（ Time magazine ）的年度人物和 1964 年获得诺贝尔和平奖（ Nobel Peace Prize ）而持续上升。然而，除了名气和赞美，运动内部领导层也出现了矛盾。马尔科姆 • 爱克斯（ Malcolm X ）的正当防卫和黑人民族主义理念引起了北方的共鸣，城市黑人的作用力超过了金为非暴力所作的号召。同时，金还要面对“黑人权力”运动（ Black Power ）发起人斯托克利 • 卡迈克尔（ Stokely Carmichael ）的公开批评。 不仅金的努力效果受到黑人领导层分裂状况的干扰，而且他也遭受到来自国家行政领导人日渐增强的阻挠。 1967 年城市种族间暴力升级， 美国联邦调查局（ FBI ） 主管埃德加 • 胡佛（ J. Edgar Hoover ）则趁机加强了破坏金领导力的全面努力。加之金对美国介入越南战争的公开批评，使得他与林德 • 约翰逊（ Lyndon Johnson ）政府关系紧张。 1967 年年底，金发起了意在对抗经济问题的穷人运动（ Poor People"s Campaign ），这项活动并没有得到早期民权革新运动者的支持。其后一年，在支持孟菲斯（ Memphis ）清洁工人的罢工中，他发表了最后演讲“我已到达顶峰”（ I"ve Been to the Mountaintop ）。第二天， 1968 年 4 月 4 日 ，金被刺杀。学历1929年1月15日马丁•路德•金出生于佐治亚州的亚特兰大市奥本街501号，一幢维多利亚式的小楼里。他的父亲是教会牧师，母亲是教师。15岁时聪颖好学的金以优异成绩进入摩尔豪斯学院攻读社会学，后获得文学学士学位（1948年马丁•路德•金获得莫尔豪斯大学学士学位）。1951年他又获得柯罗泽神学院学士学位，1955年他从波士顿大学获得神学博士学位。个人事业1954年马丁•路德•金成为亚拉巴马州蒙哥马利市的德克斯特大街浸信会教堂（Dexter Avenue Baptist Church）的一位牧师。1955年12月1日，一位名叫做罗沙•帕克斯的黑人妇女在公共汽车上拒绝给白人让座位，因而被蒙哥马利节警察当局的当地警员以违反公共汽车座位隔离条令为由逮捕了她。马丁•路德•金立即组织了蒙哥马利罢车运动（蒙哥马利市政改进协会），号召全市近5万名黑人对公共法与公司进行长达1年的抵制，迫使法院判决取消地方运输工具上的座位隔离。从此他成为民权运动的领袖人物。1958年他因流浪罪被逮捕。1963年金组织了争取黑人工作机会和自由权的华盛顿游行。1964年，他被授予诺贝尔和平奖。一生受到无数次的恐吓，曾被十次以各种名义监禁，三次入狱，三次被行刺，第一次被精神病人捅了一刀，第二次在教堂被扔进了炸弹。第三次1968年4月4日，他在旅馆的阳台被一名种族分子刺客开枪正中喉咙致死。

college life（自己把两个人的对话分下，就可以三个人了，以下都一样）Todd: Miki, you went to UC Berkeley, a very famous university in the U.S. What is your university like? Why is it famous?Miki: Why is it famous? Well, I suppose historically it"s kind of famous, recent history, because it was a center for the freedom of speech movement in the 1960"s and the civil rights movement, and it"s pretty much where multi-culturalism, feminist studies and those sorts of so called liberal political movements were born and they"re still quite strong today on campus and so students kind of get drawn to that, the political aspect of it I suppose, also the, it"s a research university and it attracts nobel laureates, very famous professors, at the top of their field, it"s also quite a beautiful campus, I love the campus, it"s not, it"s not, how do you say?Todd: It"s not like maybe a college town, or?Miki: Ah, no, it"s not really a college town, of course, because it"s right smack in the middle of a metropolitan area which is the Bay Area, and just right across the bay from San Francisco. The natural scenery is quite beautiful. There"s the ocean to the west. There are mountains to the east and just beautiful gorgeous sunsets going down into the Golden Gate. The natural scenery is just beautiful, and the architecture of the campus is quite beautiful too, and apparently during the war, World War II, a number of tests were done on campus in terms of integrating floral species with each other, and so you have firs next to cedar which is a strange combination. The idea was would they kill each other.Todd: Oh, Wow! That"s awful!Miki: Yeah, no, so there"s some scientific engineering going on on campus.Todd: But the trees survived?Miki: Yes, as a matter of fact.Todd: Well, that"s good. You can"t fool nature.Miki: No. no, but it is a beautiful campus, and I went there for four years as an undergrad. I lived in the dormitory for the first year and I lived in the co-ops from the second through the fourth year and the co-ops are kind of a housing community that"s owned by students, it"s run by students and is there for quite cheap so it attracts poor students who work, while they go to school at the same time, and that"s who I was. I worked at a restaurant, I worked at a sandwich shop, I worked at a toy store, I worked as a secretary to put myself through school and lived quite cheaply in these co-ops which incidentally also had marvelous parties and almost every weekend there was some party somewhere that one of these co-ops was putting on, and it was really wonderful.Todd: Wow! Sounds like a good time.Miki: Yeah!TRAVELINGTodd: So, Jeyong, you were telling me that you like to travel.Jeyong: Yes, very much.Todd: Now, this is interesting. Who do you normally travel with?Jeyong: You would be kind of surprised to hear this, but then, I normally travel with my dad.Todd: Wow. That"s so cool. Why is that?Jeyong: That will be first of all because my dad goes on a business trip very often and I ask him if I can follow him most of the time and he would say yes, and I would just have time with him on his business trip and traveling around.Todd: That"s really cool. What kind of business does your father do?Jeyong: He"s in apparel.Todd: Apparel.Jeyong: ExportTodd: Oh, really.Jeyong: Yes.Todd: So does he teach you the secrets about business?Jeyong: Not that much about business, but then traveling around he teaches me about differences between all the cultures of countries.Todd: That"s fantastic.Jeyong: How importat that is.Todd: So what countries have you been to with your father?Jeyong: A lot to name, actually. Do you want me to name all those?Todd: Well, how about which ones do you remember the most?Jeyong: I remember the most about Europe. I went to France, England, Switzerland and Roma so those four places were very interesting for me, and other than that, I went to Cambodia, Vietnam, Guam, and so on.Todd: What was Cambodia like?Jeyong: Cambodia is a really memorable trip for me with my dad because it was really interesting how many people in boats on the water. There"s a society in Cambodia like that and then it was really sad looking at them how they own much money and they have to spend their day using a dollar.Todd: So not very much, but did the people seem happy in Cambodia?Jeyong: They did look happy, happier than the people where I come from.Todd: That"s kind of interesting. Yeah, I used to live in Thailand and I kind of felt the same way to, although Thailand is very developed. Any other places that you"ve been to?Jeyong: Other places? Maybe in The States.Todd: Oh, really. Where did you live in the States? Or what did you do in the States?Jeyong: When I was in elementary school, I lived in Ann Arbor, Michigan, for five years but after that I also went travelling around the other states, such as San Francisco in California, Los Angeles and New York City, where I like the most and Florida. All the beaches.Todd: Now, I"m from San Francisco and you said you like New York better that San Francisco, so I have to ask why.Jeyong: Why? Because the people in New York, how they live their life, it looks cool.Todd: Yeah, New Yorkers are pretty cool. OK, well thanks Jeyong. Thanks a lot.Jeyong: No problem. Thank you.gender differenceTodd: So, Kadi, you are from Estonia. Can you talk about gender roles for the new generation compared to the older generation?Kadi: Yes, in Estonia, we have this kind of Western type of family, a woman doesn"t have to be a housewife. She can work. She can do whatever she likes. Even maybe the tendency right now is that women are becoming more masculine. Often it happens that women make more money than men do and they"re the ones who bring the bread in the house. Yeah, compared to Eastern society where usually women are considered as housewives, they just have to clean and cook and raise the kids, and in my country ... no ... there"s not such a thing and I think it always has been like that. I"m not quite sure but...Todd: Who does the chores like cooking and cleaning?Kadi: Yeah, I think we all do it. We don"t have that kind of rule that women only have to clean and cook. Of course in some families, it is like that because women are better cleaning especially, rather than men are, but yeah, men are quite good cooks.Todd: What do people do for childcare? Like who takes care of the children?Kadi: Nannies. Yeah. We have nannies for working mothers, they usually like hire people to watch over their children and just they play with them and also like kindergarten, like children start going to kindergarten in Estonia when they"re really, really young, maybe from three months I think even, yeah, you can go to work when your child is like half-a-year old. Just go to work. Take a child there, and people are going to care about her.Todd: Is the nanny expected to cook and clean as well?Kadi: It depends of on the contract. It depends on the contract. Yeah, if you hire a person who that you say you"re gonna pay him or her, usually her, like for cleaning, cooking, taking care of the children, whatever, it depends on the contract.dormitory lifeTodd: Miki, when you were in college where did you live?Miki: My first year I lived in the dormitory that was quite close to the campus. It was about a five minute walks so it was very convenient but I"m not sure that that many people actually enjoyed living in the dormitory because there were so many of us packed into such a small space that one did not get a sense of privacy at all. I shared a room with two other girls and 24 hours a day there was always someone near you, next door, down the hall if not in your own room, and a very small space. In Japan perhaps this wouldn"t have been such a large problem because the sense of personal space and privacy perhaps isn"t as strong growing up, but really in the United States if you grow up with you own room, it you grow up with your own sense of self and if, you know, you have personal space that you define just instinctively which, you know, maybe three feet in front of you, a meter, or if you have your own personal room itself, it"s very difficult to move from that sort of sense of individuality and personal private space, to move into the dorms, and to have to share, all of that, and then always have a smile on your face, if you don"t want to be considered a bitch.Todd: Yeah, so what about food? What did you eat for food? Did you have a kitchen? Did you cook?Miki: In the dormitories, no! We had a dining hall. I don"t quite remember what it was called, but it was a common area where everyone went downstairs at the same time. It was only open, three hours in the morning, 3 hours in the evening, and we all shared our time together, kind of like a family, I suppose, and we must have eaten just normal American food. I don"t remember.Todd: Yeah! Yeah! How about your laundry? How would you wash your clothes?Miki: That I forget! I think we had laundry machines every other floor in the dorm building. But I actually don"t remember. Sorry!Todd: And what would students do for fun? for socializing?Miki: Oh, I think the bigger question is whether students did anything besides socialize, you know, right, I mean, if you"re a freshman the chances of you actually doing work are actually quite small, especially in that sort of a social setting where,Todd: Even at Beckley?Miki: Oh, are you kidding me? Yes! Berkley is highly competitive but it"s also highly, it"s a highly social atmosphere, especially in the dorms, well, and then once you move into a communal area, if you"re there with your friend, then I don"t think a whole lot of studying goes on.Todd: Wow! That"s funny! Oh, thanks!Miki: Surely!

"Publishment" 并不是一个普遍使用的英语单词，正确的英语单词应该是 "Publication"。Publication 是指公开发行的书籍、文章、论文等各种形式的作品，可以是印刷品、电子文档、网站等。它通常指已经刊登出版并正在传播和分发的作品，旨在向公众传递信息或娱乐。例如：This year"s annual report was a fascinating publication about the company"s achievements and future plans.（今年的年度报告是一本关于公司成就和未来计划的令人着迷的出版物。）The publication of the new scientific research paper drew a lot of attention from specialists in the field.（新科学研究论文的出版引起了该领域专家的关注。）Publishment 并不是常用英语单词，但如果它被使用的话，它意味着“处罚”或“惩戒”的行动或过程。例如：The arrest and publishment of the criminal was widely celebrated by the local community.（这名罪犯被捕和处罚的消息在当地社区引起了广泛的赞扬。）Any publishment that violates civil rights should be the subject of public scrutiny and legal action.（任何侵犯公民权利的处罚都应受到公众监视和法律制裁。）综上所述，Publication 和 Publishment 的区别在于前者指公开发表的作品，而后者指罚款或制裁等行为。

哈哈，随便敲一下，好多相关都会出来的，兄弟

《人权宣言》暨《人权和公民权宣言》，1789年8月26日颁布）是在法国大革命时期颁布的纲领性文件。德国学者耶利内克（Georg Jellinek）认为人权宣言以美国的各州宪法的权利法案为蓝本，甚至“基本上是抄袭北美各州权利法案而来的”[1] ，法国学者布特米（Emile Boutmy）则人权宣言是法国的文本是法国原创的，与北美的权利法案都源于欧陆的“18世纪精神”[1] ，关于这一点，学术界目前仍没有共识。可以确定的是，宣言确实采用了18世纪的启蒙学说和自然权论。其中宣布自由、财产、安全和反抗压迫是天赋不可剥夺的人权，肯定了言论、信仰、著作和出版自由，阐明了权力分立、法律面前人人平等、私有财产神圣而不可侵犯等原则。全文：序言组成国民会议的法兰西人民的代表们，相信对于人权的无知、忽视与轻蔑乃是公共灾祸与政府腐化的唯一原因，乃决定在一个庄严的宣言里，呈现人类自然的、不可让渡的与神圣的权利，以便这个永远呈现于社会所有成员之前的宣言，能不断地向他们提醒他们的权利与义务；以便立法权与行政权的行动，因能随时与所有政治制度的目标两相比较，从而更受尊重；以便公民们今后根据简单而无可争辩的原则所提出的各种要求，总能导向宪法的维护和导向全体的幸福。因此，国民会议在上帝面前及其庇护之下，承认并且宣布如下的人权和公民权。正文第一条　在权利方面，人人与生俱来而且始终自由与平等，非基于公共福祉不得建立社会差异。第二条　一切政治结合均旨在维护人类自然的和不受时效约束的权利。这些权利是自由、财产、安全与反抗压迫。第三条　整个主权的本原根本上乃存在于国民（La Nation）。任何团体或任何个人皆不得行使国民所未明白授予的权力。第四条　自由是指能从事一切无害于他人的行为；因此，每一个人行使其自然权利，只以保证社会上其他成员能享有相同的权利为限制。此等限制只能以法律决定之。第五条　法律仅有权禁止有害于社会的行为。凡未经法律禁止的行为即不得受到妨碍，而且任何人都不得被强制去从事法律所未要求的行为。第六条　法律是公意（la volonté générale）的表达。每一个公民皆有权亲自或由其代表去参与法律的制订。法律对于所有的人，无论是施行保护或是惩罚都是一样的。在法律的眼里一律平等的所有公民皆能按照他们的能力平等地担任一切公共官职、职位与职务，除他们的德行和才能以外不受任何其他差别。第七条　除非在法律所确定情况下并按照法律所规定的程序，任何人均不受控告、逮捕与拘留。凡请求发布、传送、执行或使人执行任何专断的命令者，皆应受到惩罚；但任何根据法律而被传唤或逮捕的公民则应当立即服从，抗拒即属犯罪。第八条　法律只应设立确实必要和明显必要的刑罚，而且除非根据在犯法前已经通过并且公布的法律而合法地受到科处，任何人均不应遭受刑罚。第九条　所有人直到被宣告有罪之前，均应被推定为无罪，而即使判定逮捕系属必要者，一切为羁押人犯身体而不必要的严酷手段，都应当受到法律的严厉制裁。第十条　任何人不应为其意见甚至其宗教观点而遭到干涉，只要它们的表达没有扰乱法律所建立的公共秩序。第十一条　自由交流思想与意见乃是人类最为宝贵的权利之一。因此，每一个公民都可以自由地言论、著作与出版，但应在法律规定的情况下对此项自由的滥用承担责任。第十二条　人权和公民权的保障需要公共的武装力量。这一力量因此是为了全体的福祉而不是为了此种力量的受任人的个人利益而设立的。第十三条　为了公共武装力量的维持和行政的开支，公共赋税是不可或缺的。赋税应在全体公民之间按其能力平等地分摊。第十四条　所有公民都有权亲身或由其代表决定公共赋税的必要性，自由地加以批准，知悉其用途，并决定税率、税基、征收方式和期限。第十五条　社会有权要求一切公务人员报告其行政工作。第十六条　一切社会，凡权利无保障或分权未确立，均无丝毫宪法之可言。第十七条　财产是不可侵犯与神圣的权利，除非合法认定的公共需要对它明白地提出要求，同时基于公正和预先补偿的条件，任何人的财产皆不可受到剥夺。

we are the champions—Queen

分类: 教育/科学 >> 外语学习 问题描述: 这首歌的来历 歌词和翻译 解析: 这首歌原产于1977年英国著名摇滚乐队Queen－皇后乐队。皇后乐队是流行歌坛中少有的学识涵养较高的团体，因为除了主唱佛莱迪外，其他3个成员都拥有学士学位。上世纪70年代，英国的重金属乐队往往给人不修边幅的落魄印象，但同样打着重金属旗号的“皇后”乐队，则在其着装和举止等方面显示出一派贵族气质。他们打扮雍容华贵，艳丽夺目，大有皇家艺术气质。 《We are the champion》最早可是一首同性恋赞歌，现在成了弘扬体育精神和奥运冠军的经典庆贺曲目，直到现在在各种体育盛会上我们还能时常听到这首歌。它很容易让人产生共鸣，特别是对于身处激烈竞争的环境，经过艰苦努力历尽艰辛而豁然开朗达到顶峰的人，能感受到那种摄人魂魄的巨大冲击力。同时反复咀嚼，这首歌还带着淡淡的忧伤，因为光荣与梦想之后其实伴随着是无尽的伤痛和失落。 We are the Champions 我们是斗士 I"ve paid my 1)dues 我已付出了代价， 2)Time after time 一次又一次。 I"ve done my 4)sentence 我没有犯罪， But 3)mitted no crime 却已经认罪服刑。 And bad mistakes 我也犯过一些， I"ve made a few 严重的错误。 I"ve 5)had my share of sand kicked in my face 我自作自受， But I"ve 6)e through 但是我坚持一路走了过来。 We are the 7)champions - my friends 我们是斗士，我的朋友。 And we"ll keep on fighting - till the end 我们要战斗到底。 We are the champions 我们是斗士， We are the champions 我们是斗士， No time for losers 这世界不属于失败者， "Cause we are the 8)champions - of the world 因为我们是世界之王。 I"ve 9)taken my bows 我已经谢幕， And 10)my curtain calls 帷幕将要落下。 You 11)brought me fame and fortune 你们为我带来名誉和财富， And everything that goes with it 以及一切随之而来的东西。 I thank you all 我感谢你们。 But it"s been no 12)bed of roses 但是这里并不是天堂， No pleasure cruise 也并不是一次愉快的旅程。 I 13)consider it a challenge before the whole human race 我把这当作是一个挑战， And I ain"t gonna lose 而我绝不会失败。 Won and won and won 百战百胜， We are the champions - my friends 我们是斗士，我的朋友。 And we"ll keep on fighting - till the end 我们要战斗到底。 We are the champions 我们是斗士， We are the champions 我们是斗士， No time for losers 这世界不属于失败者， "Cause we are the champions - of the world 因为我们是世界之王。 [歌词讲解] 1. 这首歌出现在Friends六人行第九季第十三集当中，在Phoebe的男朋友Mike工作的钢琴酒吧中，Phoebe唱了这首歌。好，我们来看看歌词，dues在这里是一个复数名词，表示“应该缴纳的费用”，如俱乐部的会费等等，例如，I haven"t paid my dues yet. 我还没有交会费。在歌词当中并不是指具体的费用，而是借指“付出的代价”。due作为单数名词，表示“某人理应得到的东西”，比如说，He received a large reward, which was no more than his due. 他得到了一大笔奖金，这只是他应得的。 2. time after time表示“一次又一次，屡次，无数次”，跟它意思差不多的还有time and time again和times without number. 3. mit表示“做不合法的事情，犯罪；做错的或者愚蠢的事 ”，比如说，mit murder，犯了谋杀罪；mit suicide，自杀；mit an unfivable error，犯了不可原谅的错误。 4. sentence在歌词里的意思可不是“句子”，而是“宣判，判决，判刑”，比如说，The judge pronounced the sentence on the prisoner. 法官宣布了对犯人的判决结果。She has served her sentence/ done her sentence, and will now be released. 她服刑期满，即将获释出狱。He is under sentence of death. 他被判了死刑。 5. have/take share in/of sth 表示“参与某事，得到一份”，比如说，What share did he have in their success? 在他们的成绩中他都做了些什么？She has to take her share of the blame. 她必须承担事故的部分责任。You"re not taking much share in the conversation. 在谈话中你没怎么说话。 6. e through这个词组表示“经历过，成功脱险”，比如说，Tom was so ill he was lucky to e through. 汤姆病得很厉害，依然活着算是很幸运的了。The old man was 90 years old and lucky to e through his operation. 老人已经九十岁了，手术后能活下来真是幸运。John has e through with the money. 约翰设法弄到了钱。e through 还可以表示“到达”，例如，Have your examination results e through yet? 你的考试结果收到了没有？ 7. champion这里的意思是“支持他人或者某一事业而进行战斗、辩解或解释说明的人；斗士；拥护者”，比如说，a champion of women"s rights，妇女权益的斗士。champion还可以做动词，表示“支持，维护，为某人某事奋斗”，比如说，He championed the cause of civil rights. 他为民权事业而斗争。这里没有把champion翻译成“冠军”，是因为考虑到歌词的作者是一位同性恋，创作这首歌词的初衷也是为了要捍卫同性恋的权利，所以这里翻译成“斗士”更合适一些。 8. we are the champions - of the world这句当中的champion跟loser相对，应该是“成功者，冠军”的意思。 9. take a bow 这个词组意思是“谢幕”。 我们以前就说过，Madonna唱的一首歌就叫Take A Bow，也是出现在Friends 六人行当中的插曲之一。 10. And my curtain calls直译过来就是“幕布正在召唤我”，其实就是谢幕之后，舞台的幕布马上就要落下，演出已经结束。 11. bring *** sth 这个词组表示“给某人带来某物”，随着名誉和财富而来的可能就是孤独、背叛等一切阴暗的东西。 12. bed of roses的意思是“另人满意的地方”。 13. consider *** /sth as sth，表示“视某人某物为…”，比如说，We consider this important. 我们认为这非常重要。He was considered a weak leader. 他过去被认为是一个软弱无能的领导人。

用心！

Through this I know:as long as you help others,others will thank you,also will have a difficult time in your help you.So I really know help others,happiness itself this word really means.In life,every...

我有一个梦想 (I have a Dream) 马丁·路德·金（公元1929—1968年），美国黑人律师，著名黑人民权运动领袖。一生曾三次被捕，三次被行刺，1964年获诺贝尔和平奖。1968年被种族主义分子枪杀。他被誉为近百年来八大最具有说服力的演说家之一。1963年他领导25万人向华盛顿进军“大游行”，为黑人争取自由平等和就业。8月28日马丁·路德·金在游行集会上发表了这篇著名演说。 100年前，一位伟大的美国人——今天我们就站在他象征性的身影下——签署了《解放宣言》。这项重要法令的颁布，对于千百万灼烤于非正义残焰中的黑奴，犹如带来希望之光的硕大灯塔，恰似结束漫漫长夜禁锢的欢畅黎明 。 然而，100年后，黑人依然没有获得自由。100年后，黑人依然悲惨地蹒跚于种族隔离和种族歧视的枷锁之下。100年后，黑人依然生活在物质繁荣翰海的贫困孤岛上。100年后，黑人依然在美国社会中间向隅而泣，依然感到自己在国土家园中流离漂泊。所以，我们今天来到这里，要把这骇人听闻的情况公诸于众。 从某种意义上说，我们来到国家的首都是为了兑现一张支票。我们共和国的缔造者在拟写宪法和独立宣言的辉煌篇章时，就签署了一张每一个美国人都能继承的期票。这张期票向所有人承诺——不论白人还是黑人——都享有不可让渡的生存权、自由权和追求幸福权。 然而，今天美国显然对她的有色公民拖欠着这张期票。美国没有承兑这笔神圣的债务，而是开始给黑人一张空头支票——一张盖着“资金不足”的印戳被退回的支票。但是，我们决不相信正义的银行会破产。我们决不相信这个国家巨大的机会宝库会资金不足。 因此，我们来兑现这张支票。这张支票将给我们以宝贵的自由和正义的保障。 我们来到这块圣地还为了提醒美国：现在正是万分紧急的时刻。现在不是从容不迫悠然行事或服用渐进主义镇静剂的时候。现在是实现民主诺言的时候。现在是走出幽暗荒凉的种族隔离深谷，踏上种族平等的阳关大道的时候。现在是使我们国家走出种族不平等的流沙，踏上充满手足之情的磐石的时候。现在是使上帝所有孩子真正享有公正的时候。 忽视这一时刻的紧迫性，对于国家将会是致命的。自由平等的朗朗秋日不到来，黑人顺情合理哀怨的酷暑就不会过去。1963年不是一个结束，而是一个开端。 如果国家依然我行我素，那些希望黑人只需出出气就会心满意足的人将大失所望。在黑人得到公民权之前，美国既不会安宁，也不会平静。反抗的旋风将继续震撼我们国家的基石，直至光辉灿烂的正义之日来临。 但是，对于站在通向正义之宫艰险门槛上的人们，有一些话我必须要说。在我们争取合法地位的过程中，切不要错误行事导致犯罪。我们切不要吞饮仇恨辛酸的苦酒，来解除对于自由的饮渴。

关于励志梦想英语演讲范文1 　　Good morning, it"s my honor to stand here and give you this speech about dreams. There I want to start my speech with two short stories. 　　The first story happened when I was in primary school, I wrote in my composition that my dream was to be a teacher when I grew up. Meanwhile, what my classmates wrote about their dreams was that he or she wanted to be a doctor, a scientist or an astronaut. 　　The second story happened at my first year in university. At the careers planning class, when the teacher asked about our dreams, one of my classmates stood up and said, “I want to be a farmer, because I grow up in a farmer"s family and I love to be engaged in agriculture.” When he sat down, everyone clapped. 　　These two stories happened during my growth process, from which I got my understanding of dreams. When I was a child I believed that a dream must be a big dream, but when I grow up I find this big dream is so far away from me, I know little about it, and I have done nothing to achieve it, so it"s not my dream. My classmate"s answer let me know a real dream is not just about being a great man, or doing a great job, it"s about what you really want to be, and are willing to try every effort to pursue it. 　　Because what makes a dream valuable is not just about the result, it"s also about the process, the process when you are trying, when you are struggling, when you failed and restarted again and again, because of the process, dreams can be meaningful and become your wealth. 　　Thank you. 关于励志梦想英语演讲范文2 　　five score years ago, a great american, in whose symbolic shadow we stand signed the emancipation proclamation. this momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. it came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity. 　　but one hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact that the negro is still not free. one hundred years later, the life of the negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. one hundred years later, the negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. one hundred years later, the negro is still languishing in the corners of american society and finds himself an exile in his own land. so we have come here today to dramatize an appalling condition. 　　in a sense we have come to our nation"s capital to cash a check. when the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the constitution and the declaration of independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every american was to fall heir. this note was a promise that all men would be guaranteed the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. 　　it is obvious today that america has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. instead of honoring this sacred obligation, america has given the negro people a bad check which has come back marked "insufficient funds." but we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. we refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. 　　so we have come to cash this check -- a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. 　　we have also come to this hallowed spot to remind america of the fierce urgency of now. this is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all of god"s children. now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. 　　it would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment and to underestimate the determination of the negro. this sweltering summer of the negro"s legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. 　　those who hope that the negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. there will be neither rest nor tranquility in america until the negro is granted his citizenship rights. the whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges. 　　but there is something that i must say to my people who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice. in the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. 　　we must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. we must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. 　　the marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the negro community must not lead us to distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny and their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. 　　we cannot walk alone.and as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall march ahead. we cannot turn back. there are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "when will you be satisfied?" we can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. we cannot be satisfied as long as the negro"s basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. we can never be satisfied as long as a negro in mississippi cannot vote and a negro in new york believes he has nothing for which to vote. no, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream. 关于励志梦想英语演讲范文3 　　Good morning everyone, it"s my pleasure to be here and talk about dreams and ambitions with you. When I was a primary school student I wrote in my composition that I want to be a scientist when I grow up. At that age I didn"t know what is a scientist, nor did I know what is dream. I wrote it because it"s a standard answer for a composition test. And I know if I wrote that I want to be a peasant I would be criticized and laughed at, no matter what reason I gave it. But now in university, one of my classmates changed my idea. At the career planning class when asked about our dreams, one of my classmates stood up and said, " I want to be a peasant because I grow up in a peasant family and I love it." No laughter, no criticism, he was the only who winned a clapping. 　　It sets me thinking, which should be a man"s dream? a scientist, or a peasant? It"s not a simple question and my answer is both. This is exactly my understanding of this topic. Dreams are something we really want and are willing to try every effort to achieve, no matter how great or how small, no matter how others think, it depends on you. 　　Life is long, and we are just on the starting point. Finally we"ll understand life is not just about making a living. There"re something much more important than money and material enjoyment, that is spiritual wealth, that is dream. It"s the process of your pursuit of dream, the process when you are trying, when you are seeking, when you are struggling, when you failed and restarted again and again with your determination, hardwork, and perseverance that make you, build you, and help you to lead a worthy and significative life, whether you"ll achieve your dream or not, the result is not that important. 　　Thanks for listening!

1.一般初识用meet with.第一个句子可以这么翻译We have become the closest friends ever since I first met with Susan in high school第二个经历一般用experience,或者witness,把in recent 5 years放句尾吧第三个indicate为什么要用过去时呢，现在时就好第四个overcome是一个词第五个what is the time when,后面你都差不多第六个those measures aiming at the diminution of expenditure of government have achieve some effects

最简单的说种族歧视导致人类的不平等与不团结,导致阶级矛盾的产生与恶化.

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l in life. We decide that what mak

美国boa就不错，开通zelle收款没有手续费。美国银行开账户所需资料A、美国公司开BOA银行账户1、美国公司注抄册证书;2、银行备案人护照复印件;3、美国公司联邦税号文件;4、美国公司与本协会提供的担保人关联文件;5、开帐户袭信息表(需如实填写各项银行开帐户人详细信息，以便银行核实信息保证客户能正知常转款)；6、银行帐户开通前，需要预先缴纳激活款;7、公司注册所有股东中英文名字签字(姓名签字要求名在前姓在道后)8、办理时间：激活款到帐后一周左右;B、个人开设BOA银行账户护照、身份证正反面，扫描件，常用邮箱；

夏，是聒噪的。秋，是萧索的。冬，是孤独的。唯独春，是宁静幽雅的。它的美好，让我忍不住去亲吻它。我要亲吻它的雨。雨细细的，轻轻的。悄悄闭上眼，用心去感受它，软绵绵的。欣喜的跑进雨中，它缓缓地滴在我头发上，让不禁喜欢上了它。俗话说得好，"春雨贵如油"，一场严冬过后，庄稼是多么盼望春雨的到来呀！此时的春雨像滴滴甘露，滋润着大地。瞧，蒙蒙细雨正淅淅沥沥地下着，那"沙沙沙，沙沙沙"的声音，像种子发出新芽，如小草抽出嫩叶，又似竹笋冲出地面。我要亲吻它的花。茶花应了“落红不是无情物，化作春泥更护花”之句，而玉兰的盛开更是有“忽如一夜春风来，千树万树梨花开”之势。樱桃花凭借着她们娇美的身躯，引来无数蜂儿的追捧，而如葡萄般鲜美的紫藤更是以其浓郁的芳香，惹得游人驻足欣赏。开的最欢的还要数杜鹃了，一片片的红，生怕不能刺伤了人们的眼。它们密密的连接着，只在被风儿摇动的时候偶尔显露出青翠的绿色。

1. bring along 把...一起带来 2. bring back 归还 3. bring ...out 发表，拿出 4. bring up 抚养，呕吐 5. bring on 引起 6. bring in 引来，引进，介绍，收入，领……进来 7. bring ...forward 提出;提前 (= put forward) 8. bring about 带来，造成 ------------------------------------------------ 与 bring 有关的重要词组： bring down ：使 … 下降，倒下；击落 bring up ：教育，教养（儿童）；提出（议题，计划）；打断 bring in ：引进；赚钱，获利；收（庄稼等） bring …to an end ：结束 bring …to life ：使 … 苏醒 bring …to light ：发现；将 … 公之于世 bring …to mind ：想起 bring …to pass ：使……发生；促成 bring bring vt.brought, bringing 拿来；带来 Bring me the book. 把那本书带给我。 Why don"t you bring you favourite girl along?你为什么不带你最喜欢的女儿一块儿来呢? Bring the children back from the kindergarten at four o"clock.下午四点把孩子们从幼儿园接回来。 When you go to the post office, will you please bring some stamps back for me? 你去邮局时能不能给我带些邮票回来? Please bring me back the saw.请把锯子带回来给我。 Bring those suspects in.把嫌疑犯们带进来。 The beauty of the music brought tears to her eyes.优美的音乐使她眼中充满泪花。 If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. 如果不很快把他们带上地面,他们可能要丧生。 Bring the children out and l"ll have an urgent report to write.把孩子们带出去,我要写一篇紧急报告。 You are welcome to bring your wife to the party.欢迎你带你的妻子来参加聚会。 产生；引起 Spring rains bring summer flowers.春雨带来了夏日的百花。 I"m sure an antifebrile injection will bring your fever down in no time. 我相信注射一针退热剂会使你的热度立刻降下来。 The beauty of the music brought tears to her eyes.优美的音乐使她眼中充满泪花。 卖；出售 This old car will bring about ￡1000.这辆旧汽车可卖1000镑。 This old bicycle will bring about $15.这辆旧自行车能卖十五美元左右。 This would bring about a lowering of the general level of intelligence in the population. 这将使人口的一般智力水平下降。 提出（诉讼） bring a charge against提出控告 If they refuse to make heart-felt apologies soon we will have to bring an action against them. 如果他们拒绝很快地作出诚心诚意的道歉,我们只好起诉了。 引来 Her cries brought the neighbors.她的叫喊声引来了邻居。 使达到某种情况 Bring them together.带他们集合。 We must bring the chairman around to our point of view.我们必须劝说会议主席转而支持我们的观点。 Of course you can bring your date to our party.你当然可以带你约的异性朋友来参加我们的社交聚会。 He could never bring himself to kill an animal or bird.他从来就不忍杀生。 I hope I have the honour to bring you home?我希望能荣幸地陪你回家? Bring your girlfriend together.把你的女朋友一起带来。 bring to book要求澄清；受惩罚 bring down（把一个数字）转入下栏，转到下页 bring forth生产；生（孩子） bring forward把（数字等）过到次页; 把…提前(= put forward) We"ll bring the party forward.我们要把晚会提前。 They"ll bring the date of their marriage forward from the 30th to the 28th. 他们将把结婚的日期从三十日提前到二十八日。 提出 A plan was brought forward.提出一项计划。 The general manager brought forward a new reform plan on the personnel system for the company. 总经理为公司提出了一份有关人事制度改革的新方案。 The final examination will be brought forward to June instead of July. 期终考试将由七月提前到六月举行。 The lawyer brought forward some new evidences against the murder. 律师为这件谋杀案提出了一些新的证据。 bring in获利；赚 The boys bring in ￡60 a week.这些男孩子每周赚60镑。 How much did the sideline bring the farmer family in last year? 去年副业使这家农户增加了多少收入? Bring in every single grain.颗粒还仓。 The sale brought us in over $1000.那笔买卖使我们赚了一千多美元。 We have brought in a good grain harvest for three years on end. 我们已经连续三年获得了粮食丰收。 求援；求助to bring in advisers求助于顾问 bring off办成功 Though it was a very difficult job, Helen was able to bring it off successfully ahead of schedule. 尽管那项工作很艰巨,海伦还是成功地提前完成了任务。 bring on引起；导致 Working out in the rain for a long time may bring on a fever.在雨中工作很长时间可能使人发高烧。 The use of natural fertilizer can bring the crops on nicer than the use of chemical fertilizer. 使用天然肥料比使用化肥使庄稼长得更好。 使发展；使成长加速 This warm weather should bring on the crops.这种暖和天气有助于农作物的生长。 帮助；提高； 改善 Study should bring on your Maths.学习会提高你的数学水平。 bring out生产；制造 to bring out a new kind of soap生产一种新肥皂 使显露 to bring out the worst in sb.使（某人）显露其最丑恶的一面(= draw out) 鼓励；发言鼓励Company should bring her out a bit.与人交往会对她说话方面有所鼓励。 Alice is very shy, try to bring her out.爱丽丝很怕羞,要设法鼓励他说话。 The applicant was so choked with excitement at the acceptance notification that he could hardly bring out a goodbye.申请人得到通知说他被录用了激动得连一声"再见"也说不出来。 使罢工 bring the workers out要工人罢工 bring round使苏醒 (= bring around, bring to) Someone has fainted, try to send him to hospital at once and bring him round. 有人昏了过去,赶紧设法把他送进医院,使他苏醒过来。 使改变主张 Bring him round to our point of view.让他赞成我们的观点。 bring under镇压；压制；使就范： Those who oppose us will be brought under. 反对我们的人一定会被迫就范的 Any attempts to bring under the mass movement for civil rights are doomed to failure. 任何镇压民权群众运动的企图都是注定要失败的。 The frost fire has been brought under control. 森林大火已被控制住。 Tyrants always try to bring the people"s movement for freedom under. 专制统治者总是企图镇压人民争取自由运动的。 It took the nursery teachers months to bring their class of boys under control. 幼儿园的老师们花了几个月的时间才把男孩子的班级整顿好。 bring up教育；养育; 提出；引出 to bring up the question提出问题 呕吐; 骤然停止 He was brought up short.他突然停了下来。 bring up the rear（队伍）殿后 反义词： take