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88. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the _____ majority are

2023-08-06 03:12:03
共2条回复
我不懂运营

tremendous,修饰可数名词复数,大量的, 巨大的 。overwhelming,压倒性的,可以修饰单数

overwhelming victory

北有云溪

根据句意

用overwhelming更合适些 压倒性优势的大多数嘛

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压倒的英文,压倒的翻译,怎么用英语翻译压倒,压倒用

overwhelm v. 征服,压倒,破坏,使不知所措;覆盖,淹没;打翻
2023-08-05 04:21:282

overwhelming是什么意思

绝双语对照词典结果:overwhelming[英][u02ccu0259u028avu0259u02c8welmu026au014b][美][u02ccou028avu0259ru02c8welmu026au014b]adj.势不可挡的,压倒一切的,巨大的; 压倒一切的欢乐; 以上结果来自金山词霸例句:1.Could resist their overwhelming conclusion? 还能不同意这一压倒性的结论?
2023-08-05 04:21:372

overwhelming是什么意思

overwhelming 英[u02ccu0259u028avu0259u02c8welmu026au014b] 美[u02ccou028avu0259ru02c8welmu026au014b] adj. 势不可挡的,压倒一切的,巨大的; 压倒一切的欢乐; [例句]The priority is to reverse the downward spiral of despair through overwhelmingand concerted action.首要任务是通过压倒性的协同行动,逆转绝望情绪的下行螺旋。
2023-08-05 04:21:461

overwhelming什么意思

压倒性的,占绝对优势的
2023-08-05 04:21:543

overwhelming是什么意思

overwhelming [,u0259uvu0259"hwelmiu014b] adj. 压倒性的;势不可挡的v. 压倒;淹没(overwhelm的ing形式);制服The task won"t feel so overwhelming if you break it down into small, easy-to-accomplish steps.如果你把这个任务分解成一个个容易完成的小步骤,就不会觉得那么难以应对。
2023-08-05 04:22:042

overwhelming是什么意思

overwhelming美 [,ovu025a"wu025blmu026au014b] adj. 压倒性的;势不可挡的v. 压倒;淹没(overwhelm的ing形式);制服短语overwhelming majority 压倒性多数 ; 压倒的多数 ; 压倒多数 ; 压倒性大都Overwhelming Odds 性胜算 ; 压倒性胜算Overwhelming Power 锐猛威能 ; 抗拒之力
2023-08-05 04:22:142

overwhelm是什么意思

overwhelm英 [u0259u028avu0259"welm] 美 [,ovu025a"wu025blm] vt. 淹没;压倒;受打击;覆盖;压垮
2023-08-05 04:22:235

overwhelm和whelm的区别?

"overwhelm" 是一个动词,意为 "压倒、淹没;使难以承受、压垮",强调情况非常严重或者不可承受。例如:"He was overwhelmed with work and stress."(他被工作和压力压垮了。)而 "whelm" 是一个较少使用的动词,意为 "淹没、覆盖",强调被淹没或被冲走。但是在现代英语中,反而讲得更普遍的是“overwhelm”,而“whelm”几乎不再使用。因此,虽然 "overwhelm" 和 "whelm" 都有 "淹没" 或 "压倒" 的意思,但 "overwhelm" 更广泛地应用于日常生活中,而 "whelm" 则已经相对萎靡不振。
2023-08-05 04:24:142

英语the overwhelming majority of the people怎么翻译?

绝大多数的人。overwhelming是压倒性的。辅音字母组合wh在单词里,发舌后软腭半元音/hw/的音,发音时,声带不振动,双唇略收圆,舌后部向软腭抬高,气流经过口腔,由双唇间空隙而出,上齿不能接触下唇,这是美国英语中大部分字母wh-开头的单词的常用发音。如:white 白的whale 鲸wheel 轮子what 什么whisper 耳语希望我能帮助你解疑释惑。
2023-08-05 04:24:385

overwhelmed是什么意思

[英][u02ccu0259u028avu0259u02c8welm][美][u02ccou028avu0259ru02c8welm]vt.压倒; 淹没; 压垮; 覆盖; 第三人称单数:overwhelms现在进行时:overwhelming过去式:overwhelmed过去分词:overwhelmedDid my little brother"s confession overwhelm you?我弟弟的告白让你不知所措了?
2023-08-05 04:24:542

选词填空并翻译

1.There"s a general equivalence between the two concepts.2.Since I got a job,I"ve been living in relative comfort.3.Residents are fed up with the disturbance caused by the night club.4.The best thing you can do to speed your recovery is to rest.5.Her promotion has made her position in the company more secure.6.She felt an overwhelming desire to tell someone about what had happened.
2023-08-05 04:25:044

overwhelming majority是什么意思

overwhelming majority[英][u02ccu0259uvu0259u02c8hwelmiu014b mu0259u02c8du0292u0254riti][美][u02ccovu025au02c8hwu025blmu026au014b mu0259u02c8du0292u0254ru026ati]压倒的多数; 双语例句1And the overwhelming majority of children were educated in church-run schools.绝大多数儿童在教会学校里接受教育。
2023-08-05 04:25:131

英语I was overwhelmed怎么翻译?

I was over whelmed 我不知所措
2023-08-05 04:25:4110

overwhelming response是什么意思

就是神回复,雷人回复的意思
2023-08-05 04:26:161

the overwhelming majority是什么意思及用法

overwhelming majority  压倒的多数overwhelming majority的用法和样例:例句Grant was reelected by an overwhelming margin.结果格兰特以压倒的多数选票获胜而蝉联总统。The overwhelming majority of gay people are completely normal genetically.压倒的多数同性恋者在基因方面是完全正常的。
2023-08-05 04:26:241

overwhelm turnout 是什么意思?

因为星期二的压倒性的投票人数,到目前为止选举的工作人员任然在计算票数。turnout:出席人数,参加人数(尤指参加投票人数)
2023-08-05 04:26:322

帮忙用 overwhelmed(形容词) 造例句5个(求原创句子谢谢)

they were overwhelmed by farewell messages.大批道别信潮水般向他们涌来。I was overwhelmed with guilt.我深感内疚。the Stilton doesn"t overwhelm the flavour of the trout.斯第尔顿奶酪的气味并没有盖住鲑鱼的香味。she felt an overwhelming desire to giggle.她感到一种无法抑制的冲动想要笑出声来。The boat was overwhelmed by the waves.船被浪打翻了。Despair overwhelmed me.绝望控制了我A great wave overwhelmed the boat.一个巨浪吞没了那只小船。I am overwhelmed with work.我被工作压垮了。He was overwhelmed with excitement.他极为兴奋。something akin to gratitude overwhelmed her.她几近感激。a curious sensation overwhelmed her.一种奇怪的感觉笼罩了她。I was overwhelmed by the generosity of friends and neighbours.朋友和邻居们的慷慨让我无比感动。his party won overwhelming support.他的党赢得了压倒多数的支持。
2023-08-05 04:26:413

overwhelming怎么读

overwhelming英[u02ccu0259u028avu0259u02c8welmu026au014b]美[u02ccou028avu0259ru02c8welmu026au014b]adj. 势不可挡的,压倒一切的,巨大的; 压倒一切的欢乐;[例句]Those who were responsible for the operation now seemed desperate to vindicate their judgment in the face of overwhelming criticism.这次行动的各责任者,面对势不可挡的批评声浪,如今都急于想为自己的判断作辩护。[其他] 形近词: underwhelming
2023-08-05 04:27:011

overwhelming什么意思

压倒一切
2023-08-05 04:27:092

overwhelming是什么意思

形容词为:压倒性的,势不可挡的动词:压倒,淹没;制服
2023-08-05 04:27:205

overwhelmed形容人的感情

verwhelm在表达情感时,英文上的解释是 to cause someone feel sudden strong emotion, 就是感情的强烈充溢,使难以承受、不知所措。overwhelming: 极强烈的、势不可挡的、令人不知所措的,压的喘不过气、不堪重负、压倒。They were overwhelmed with/by grief when their baby died.婴儿夭折时他们悲痛欲绝。I was overwhelmed by all the flowers and letters of support I received.收到这些鲜花和支持者的来信让我激动得不知所措。
2023-08-05 04:27:351

overwhelming emotion是什么意思

overwhelming emotion 英[u02ccu0259uvu0259u02c8hwelmiu014b iu02c8mu0259uu0283u0259n] 美[u02ccovu025au02c8hwu025blmu026au014b u026au02c8mou0283u0259n] [释义] [医] 极度情绪; 全部释义>>[例句]For perhaps as much as thirty seconds they kept it up.it was a refrain that was often heard in moments of overwhelming emotion.他们喊了足有三十秒,就像激情澎湃时常唱的迭句。更多例句>>
2023-08-05 04:27:431

无人能挡的英语是什么

如果你玩过dota这种游戏你就知道了,叫做Unstoppable!呵呵
2023-08-05 04:27:533

I am overwhelming 什么意思?

我被说服了!
2023-08-05 04:28:013

overwhelm 造例句5个(求原创句子谢谢)

they were overwhelmed by farewell messages. 大批道别信潮水般向他们涌来. I was overwhelmed with guilt. 我深感内疚. the Stilton doesn"t overwhelm the flavour of the trout. 斯第尔顿奶酪的气味并没有盖住鲑鱼的香味. she felt an overwhelming desire to giggle. 她感到一种无法抑制的冲动想要笑出声来. The boat was overwhelmed by the waves. 船被浪打翻了. Despair overwhelmed me. 绝望控制了我 A great wave overwhelmed the boat. 一个巨浪吞没了那只小船. I am overwhelmed with work. 我被工作压垮了. He was overwhelmed with excitement. 他极为兴奋. something akin to gratitude overwhelmed her. 她几近感激. a curious sensation overwhelmed her. 一种奇怪的感觉笼罩了她. I was overwhelmed by the generosity of friends and neighbours. 朋友和邻居们的慷慨让我无比感动. his party won overwhelming support. 他的党赢得了压倒多数的支持.
2023-08-05 04:28:081

帮忙用 overwhelm 造例句5个(求原创句子谢谢)

overwhelm 战胜、征服的意思,是个引申意,vt.1. 战胜;征服;压倒We shouldn"t be overwhelmed by difficulties,we should overcome them.我们不应该被困难压倒,我们应该客服困难。2. 覆盖;淹没The village was overwhelmed by the flood 。村子被洪水淹没。3. 使受不了;使不知所措[H][(+by/with)]I was overwhelmed by hiskindness他的好意令我感激难言。注:whelm指普通的淹没,指具体的事物 。如例2中亦可用whelm
2023-08-05 04:28:162

压力大的英文

压力大的英文:The pressure is overwhelming.压力大的英文造句如下:1.I"m feeling a lot of pressure at work lately. (我最近在工作中感到很大的压力。)2.The pressure to succeed can be overwhelming at times. (成功的压力有时会让人不知所措。)3.The pressure of public speaking can be nerve-wracking. (公众演讲的压力可能会让人紧张不安。)4.The pressure of being a parent can be immense. (做父母的压力可能会很大。)5.The pressure to conform to societal norms can be stifling. (遵循社会规范的压力可能会让人感到窒息。)6.The pressure of financial debt can be overwhelming. (财务债务的压力可能会让人不堪重负。)7.The pressure to maintain a certain image on social media can be exhausting. (在社交媒体上保持某种形象的压力可能会让人筋疲力尽。)8.The pressure to meet deadlines can be stressful. (满足截止日期的压力可能会让人感到有压力。)
2023-08-05 04:28:231

Misunderstood 歌词

歌曲名:Misunderstood歌手:David McAlmont专辑:Mcalmontmest--MisunderstoodI know you"re not exactly crazyAbout the way I have been latelyAnd I don"t know when I should sayAll the things I want to sayCause I know that it would hurt youAnd I don"t want thatCause after all the things we"ve been throughYou deserve much more than thatCompletely, overwhelmingStories that you"ve heardWhen people tell you thatDon"t trust him, he"s pretendingThat he cares for youEven though there"s nothing left to proveI can see just what is comingAnother argument worth nothingAnd believe me when I tell youAnother fight I won"t go throughCause I know that it would hurt youAnd I don"t want thatCause after all the pain you"ve been throughYou deserve much more than thatCompletely, overwhelmingStories that you"ve heardWhen people tell you thatDon"t trust him, he"s pretendingThat he cares for youEven though there"s nothing left to prove豆豆,我爱你I won"t hear anything that you say to meI won"t hear anything that you say to me(That you say)Completely, overwhelmingStories that you"ve heardWhen people tell you thatDon"t trust him, he"s just pretendingThat he cares for youWhen if I did those stories would be truehttp://music.baidu.com/song/2685723
2023-08-05 04:28:561

中国的象征用英文表示

"Three Represents", namely that the Party must always represent the development trend of China"s advanced productive forces, the orientation of China"s advanced culture and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people, is the crystallization of the Party"s collective wisdom and a guiding ideology the Party must follow for a long time to come, Jiang said in his report.解析:)~三个代表”就是“three represents”. 那么“三个代表”究竟代表着什么呢?我们来看下面: (1)代表中国先进社会生产力的发展要求 represent the development trend of China"s advanced productive forces development,发展。 Developed country,发达国家; developing country,发展中国家; Less-developed country(LDC),欠(不)发达国家。 Trend,倾向,趋势。 Advanced,先进的,高级的。 Productive force,生产力。 (2)代表中国先进文化的前进方向 the orientation of China"s advanced culture orientation,方向,方位,定位。 (3)代表中国最广大人民的根本利益 the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people fundamental,基础的,基本的。 overwhelming majority,压倒的多数。
2023-08-05 04:29:111

But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of N than it is of the

But my own 【worry】 today 【is】【 less】 that of the overwhelming problem of N 【than】 it is of the slightly more luxurious agony of the decline in M even of the educated teenagers【】标注的是主干结构。翻译:我如今对不可抗拒的问题N的担忧,要少于有点奢华烦恼的问题M,甚至还比不上接受教育的青少年。如果有上下文,能翻译的更得心应手。
2023-08-05 04:29:251

谁知道星际争霸母巢之战的秘籍??

注:单人模式下才可以使用1、poweroverwhelming:无敌星际争霸秘籍2、operationCWAL=快速建筑生产3、showmethemoney:10,000单位的矿物和高能瓦斯4、thegathering:psionicstuff法力能量无限5、gameoverman:立即游戏失败6、noglues:敌人无法施行魔法7、stayingalive:任务无法完成8、thereisnocowlevel:完成目前所执行的任务9、whatsmineismine:矿产无限10、breathedeep:瓦斯无限11、somethingfornothing:打开12、blacksheepwall:地图全开13、medievalman:单位无限生产14、modifythephasevariance:拥有生产所有建筑物的能力15、waraintwhatitusedtobe:关闭战争迷雾16、foodforthought:拥有在补给限制下无限制造单位的能力17、showmethemoney:金钱18、StimPacks:损10Damage的兴奋剂(可以增加攻击力和机动力)19、LockDown:锁定机械系敌人20、ShockWave:震动波(损敌我的energy,和神族的电浆护盾)21、SpiderMines:蜘蛛诡雷22、ScannerSweep:范围扫瞄器(暴露隐形单位)23、Def.Matrix:方阵护盾24、Irradiate放射线(对虫族的所有部队及神族的地面部队有效)固定目标范围25、YaMaToGun:大和巨炮扩展资料:《星际争霸:母巢之战》游戏内容——游戏内容围绕星际间的三个种族——地球人的后裔人族、一种生物群体虫族和高度文明的外星星灵——展开。玩家通过采集资源建设基地、发展军备,最终击败对手。《母巢之战》的游戏界面与《星际争霸》几乎完全相同,但资料片中各个种族中新增的数个作战兵种和单位升级使得游戏战场更为丰富,游戏平衡性亦更加趋于完善。与此同时,单人游戏的关卡也增加了难度,玩家需要更加注重战略战术才能取胜。同样,游戏的人工智能引擎也得到了提升,电脑玩家将可选择更加强大及具有针对性的战术。在资料片的新单位中,人族的医疗兵可以在战斗中恢复生化单位的生命值;虫族的潜伏者能够在埋地状态发出攻击;而前作中于星灵剧情中出现的黑暗圣堂武士则可以正式生产。
2023-08-05 04:29:521

三个代表的英语怎么说?

楼上的是不是经常用英语答政治试卷啊?
2023-08-05 04:30:015

overwhelm turnout 是什么意思?

1.overwhelm turnout 压倒投票2.选举官员仍然票票的压倒多数投票,因为在周二22.因为在星期二上的压倒一切的出席者,选举官员仍然算投票
2023-08-05 04:30:161

Three passions,simple but overwhelmingly strong,have governed my life.

应该是 These passions吧后面simple but overwhelming 是定语, 修饰these passions这里用逗号,说明 ,这里的定语 是补充说明形式。
2023-08-05 04:30:462

an overwhelming number of 后接可数名词还是不可数名词?

接可数名词复数记住: a number of 这个结构都必须接可数名词复数。你的这个例子只是 a number of 结构多了个起强化作用的修饰语而已还比如:a small number of 少量的a good/ large/ great number of.... 大量的这些都得接可数名词复数您好,很高兴为您解答,fightout为您答疑解惑如果本题有什么不明白可以追问,如果满意记得采纳如果有其他问题请采纳本题后另发点击向我求助,答题不易,请谅解,谢谢。祝学习进步
2023-08-05 04:30:541

这个美国谚语怎么说:当一个人知道自己要什么时,整个世界也将为之让路

楼上正解,也可以说:When you really really want something, the whole world conspires with you in achieving it.或When you really want something, the whole universe conspires to get what you want.自我感觉第二句好些~两个want显得比较有水准~~
2023-08-05 04:31:023

星际争霸有一个宣传片有句台词“because My poud of people”求完整的

听起来可能是“因为神圣的卡拉连接着我们每个人的思维”
2023-08-05 04:31:102

求翻译Sam Smith的Lay Me Down,下面是英文歌词,不在直译,谢谢!!

您好!译文见如下:译员:Mavis工作室:mavislee.ganji.com.cn______________________________________Sam Smith-Lay Me Down愿与您同眠-SamSmithYes I do, I believe我相信,并且深信着That one day I will be, where I was有一天,我会在那个地方Right there, right next to you等着你,作你的依偎And it"s hard, the days just seem so dark等待的日子太痛苦,看不见一丝光芒The moon, the stars, are nothing without you没有你日子里,星星月亮都黯然失色Your touch, your skin, where do I begin?我期待你的抚摸,也期待抚摸你的肌肤。啊,我应该从哪里开始?No words can explain, the way I"m missing you言语已经无法表达我对你的思念The night, this emptiness, this hole that I"m inside夜幕降临,空虚寂寞像黑洞一样包围着我These tears, they tell their own story泪水止不住落下,诉说着伤心事You told me not to cry when you were gone记得你曾经说过,即便我们分开了也不要伤心落泪But the feeling"s overwhelming, it"s much too strong可是,我忍不住!思念如潮水般将我淹没Can I lay by your side, next to you, you我可以躺在你身边吗,就这样依偎着,依偎着And make sure you"re alright我会好好照顾你I"ll take care of you,一切都会好起来的And I don"t want to be here if I can"t be with you tonight但如果今晚不是你,我根本不想待在这里I"m reaching out to you我向你伸出了双手Can you hear my call?你听到我的呼唤了吗?This hurt that I"ve been through这让我感到心痛I"m missing you, missing you like crazy我想你,疯狂地想你You told me not to cry when you were gone你曾经说过,即便我们分开了也不要伤心落泪But the feeling"s overwhelming, they"re much too strong可我还是没法忍住,思念就如潮水般将我淹没Can I lay by your side, next to you, you我可以躺在你身边吗,就这样依偎着,依偎着And make sure you"re alright我会好好照顾你I"ll take care of you一切都会好起来的And I don"t wanna be here if I can"t be with you tonight如果不是你,我今晚不会出现在这里Lay me down tonight, lay me by your side愿今晚与你同眠,依偎在你身旁Lay me down tonight, lay me by your side愿今晚与你同眠,依偎在你身旁Can I lay by your side, next to you, you-ou我可以躺在你身边吗,就这样依偎着,依偎着,依偎着
2023-08-05 04:31:222

星际争霸2虚空之遗cg台词

阿塔尼斯说的这段话:虫群摧毁了我们的家园,我高贵的族人沦为难民......但虫群无法摧毁我们的意志,因为神圣的卡拉,连接着我们每个人的思想,让我们在绝望中团结一致(剧情打斗,最后剩下独眼xx面对万千虫群,同时身后水晶塔传送完成)今天,我们要夺回我们的家园(无数狂热者开始折越)夺回我们的遗产!(万x崩腾)
2023-08-05 04:31:461

星际争霸游戏作弊的英文是什么?

cheat
2023-08-05 04:32:0911

Watching Over Me 歌词

歌曲名:Watching Over Me歌手:Iced Earth专辑:The Melancholy EPI had a friend many years agoOne tragic night he diedThe saddest time of my lifeFor weeks and weeks I criedThrough the anger and through the tearsI"ve felt his spirit through the yearsI"d swear, He"s watching meGuiding me through hard timesI feel it once againIt"s overwhelming meHis spirit"s like the windThe angel guarding meOh, I know, oh, I knowHe"s watching over meOh, I know, oh, I knowHe"s watching over meWe shared dreams like all best friendsBlood brothers at the age of tenWe lived reckless, he paid the priceBut why? Why did he have to die?It still hurts me to this dayAm I selfish for feeling this way?I know he"s an angel nowTogether we"ll be somedayI feel it once againIt"s overwhelming meHis spirit"s like the windThe angel guarding meOh, I know, oh, I knowHe"s watching over meOh, I know, oh, I knowHe"s watching over meI feel it once againIt"s overwhelming meHis spirit"s like the windThe angel guarding meOh, I know, oh, I knowHe"s watching over meOh, I know, oh, I knowHe"s watching over meI feel it once againIt"s overwhelming meHis spirit"s like the windThe angel guarding meOh, I know, oh, I knowHe"s watching over meOh, I know, oh, I knowHe"s watching over mehttp://music.baidu.com/song/35229482
2023-08-05 04:32:311

SHE 《爱呢》英文版歌词 急求!!!

http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/5820907.html
2023-08-05 04:32:399

星际争霸1如何让地图全部可视全部可视

战役里面输地图全开的密码
2023-08-05 04:32:565

probability,likelihood和odds的区别?

probability表示的主要是带有数据的可能性,主要在一些数学文献上出现。 odds就显得口语许多了,只是问可能或是不可能,哪个可能性大一些。 个人理解。
2023-08-05 04:33:442

一道英语辨析题。

选C 就是震惊了嘛 以我的英语经验是C
2023-08-05 04:34:014

谁能告诉我“决不放弃”用英语怎么说

never give up
2023-08-05 04:34:212

诺克萨斯之手的英雄台词

以下是诺克萨斯之手—德莱厄斯游戏内台词 国服台词美服台词只有我才能带领我们走向胜利。  They will regret opposing me.(此处国服与美服不同)他们将后悔与我为敌。They will regret opposing me.死在我手里吧。Death by my hand.这无人可挡的武力。With overwhelming force.利用好每一处破绽。Exploit every weakness.见识一下真正的气魄吧。Witness true strength.无可匹敌的力量!Unmatched power!再跑快点,懦夫。Scurry, weakling.我将死战不休。I will not rest.凌驾一切的战力。Strength above all.诺克萨斯即将崛起。Noxus will rise.懦弱之举,我绝不姑息。I do not tolerate cowardice.不要犯任何错误。Make no mistakes.杀出一条血路。Carve a path.从不后撤。Never retreat!保持警惕。Stay alert.我的目标很明确。My destination is clear.我自有安排。I have my orders.诺卡萨(唱歌)~哦哦~他是怎么做到的?Noxuuu... whoa... whoa! How does he do it?诺卡萨(唱歌)~哦哦~我的头都晕了。Noxuuu... whoa... whoa! Dizzy.不要用背朝着我,否则就当心你的脑袋!Don"t turn your back or expose your neck.藐视诺克萨斯的崛起,你就死无葬身之地。Defy Noxus and taste your own blood.
2023-08-05 04:34:291

英汉互译散文阅读:梦寐以求的礼物

Christmas Eve, 1994. I was a sailor in the U.S. Navy, on a one-day leave in San Francisco. I had won " 300 at poker that ordinarily would have burned a hole in my pocket, but I couldn"t shake an overwhelming sadness. 1944年圣诞夜。当时我是美国海军士兵,到旧金山休假一天。在那以前,我玩扑克游戏,赢了300元。通常,钱烧口袋滑,一有就不留。可我当时极为忧愁烦闷,怎么也无法摆脱那种恶劣的心境。 Scuttlebutt had it we"d be pulling out before the New Year for the South Pacific. I"d just received word that another friend had been killed in Europe. And here I was, an 18-year-old alone in a strange city. Nothing seemed to make any kind of sense.What was I going to be fighting for, anyway 传闻部队在新年前要开赴南太平洋,而且刚刚听说又有一位朋友在欧洲阵亡。我年仅18,如今在一个陌生的城市里,单身无靠。干什么都没有意思。我究竟为什么打仗来着 I spent most of the day in a mental fog, wandering aimlessly through crowds of laughing, happy people. Then, late in the afternoon, my vision suddenly focused, and for the first time a scene registered. 我精神迷惘,在欢笑的人群中毫无目的地逛荡,消磨了差不多一整天。后来,在黄昏的时候,视线突然集中,第一次有一个情景引起了我的注意。 There in a department-store window were two electric trains chugging through a miniature, snow-covered town. In front of the window was a skinny boy around nine years old, his nose pressed against the glass. He just stood there, fixed on those trains. 在一家百货商店的橱窗里,有两列电动火车正在一座白雪覆盖的微型城市里嘎嚓嘎嚓地行驶。在橱窗前,一个约莫9岁光景的瘦小男孩,鼻子紧贴玻璃,一动不动地站在那里,目不转睛地注视着那两列火车。 Suddenly the boy was me nine short years before, and the store was Macy"s in New York City, my home town. I could see, could feel the same longing, the same desperate hoping. I could hear the sigh of resignation -- the frail attempt to hide the disappointment that Dad could not afford those trains. And I saw the reluctant turning away and then the one last look. 那男孩忽地成了短短的9年前的我,那商店成了我的家乡纽约市的梅西商店。我看得见,也感觉得到那同样的渴望和急切的期待。我听得见那无可奈何的叹息——爸爸买不起那种火车只好这么强憋住失望的心情。那恋恋不舍地转身走开,最后又看上一眼,恍如就在眼前。 Not this time l I don"t know what came over me, but I grabbed the boy by the arm, scaring him half to death. 不能再这样了!我至今弄不明白是中的什么邪,反正我一把抓住男孩的胳臂,把他吓得半死。 My name is George, I told him. “我叫乔治,”我告诉他。 Jeffrey Hollis Jr., he managed to reply. “我叫小杰弗里·霍利斯,”他好不容易答了一声。 Well, Jeff Hollis Jr., I said in my best grown-up voice, we are going to get us those trains. " “这样吧,小杰弗,霍利斯,”我尽量说得像大人,“咱们去把那火车买下来。” His eyes grew wide, and he let me lead him into the store. I knew it was crazy, but I didn"t care. Suddenly I wanted to be nine again and have a kid"s dream come true. The salesclerk looked at us suspiciously, a scruffy black boy and a black sailor in ill-fitting dress blues. 他睁大了眼睛,随我进了商店。我知道这真荒唐,可我不管我忽然想再回到9岁,实现孩时的梦想。售货员心怀疑虑望着我们:一个是衣衫槛楼的黑孩子,一个是黑人水兵,穿着一套不合身的海军制服。 Those trains in the window, I blurted before he could speak. The whole setup. How much is it “橱窗里那套火车,”不等售货员说话我就脱口而出。“要整套。多少钱?” His snorting response was interrupted by the arrival of a much older man wearing a warm Christmas smile. One hundred and sixty-five dollars and sixty-three cents, the elder man replied, delivery included. 他刚露出一副不屑搭理的模样,过来一位年纪大得多的人,满脸喜气洋洋的过节神情。“165元6角3分,”他回答,“包送到家。” We"ll take it, I said. Right now if we can. “我们要了,”我说,“可以现买现送吧。” Jeff Hollis Sr."s reaction reminded me of what my own father"s would have been if I had shown up with a stranger and a whole lot of gifts.I could see he was a hard-working man, breaking his back to make ends meet and knowing he couldn"t give his family all he wanted. 老杰弗·霍利斯的反应使我想起我的父亲,要是我当初也领着一个陌生人,抱着一大堆礼物回来,他会怎么样呢。我看得出迷人很勤劳,累死累活也只能勉强糊口,他也知道他没法尽心尽意满足这一大家人。 I"m just a sailor a long way from home, Mr. Hollis, I said respectfully, explaining how I had seen myself in his son"s longing gaze at the store display. “我只是个远离家乡的水兵,霍利斯先生,”我说得很谦恭,说我见他儿子眼巴巴地盯着商店里的摆设,像是看到了我自己。 You couldn"t have spent the money any other way he asked gruffly. “你有钱就不能往别处花了”他问得挺生硬。 No, sir, I replied. “不能,先生,”我回答。 His face softened, and he welcomed me to share their table. After supper, I read to Jeff Jr. and his sisters until they went off to bed. 他脸色和气了,邀我一起吃晚饭。饭后,我给小杰弗和他的两个妹妹念故事,直到他们去睡觉。 I guess you know we"ve got a lot to do before morning, Jeff Sr. said. His words startled me for a moment. Then I understood. I was no longer a child; I was a man now, with adult responsibilities. So I joined him at what turned out to be nearly an all-night job of getting the trains put together and set up. His wife, Marge, made sandwiches and coffee and kept me talking about growing up in New York. At midnight we paused to wish each other a Merry Christmas, then went back to the task of making a boy"s dream come true. “我想你也知道,这下我们可得忙乎到天亮了,”老杰弗说.我一听吃了一惊,过了一会才明白过来。我已不再是孩子,是大人了,该尽成年人的责任了。于是,我和他一起把火车攒起来,装配好,几乎干了一通宵.他的妻子玛吉做三明治,煮咖啡,一面要我讲从小怎么在纽约长大的。午夜时分,我们停下来互相祝贺圣诞,过后,又再接再励,把一个孩子的梦想变成现实。 Dreams, I thought sleepily, kid dreams. I guess I dozed because the next thing I knew it was five o"clock, and Jeff Jr. was shaking me. He had remembered I had to be back by eight. 多少个梦想,我睡眼朦胧地想,儿时的梦想。我猜想我后来打了个盹儿,因为待到清醒过来已是5点,小杰弗正忙着推我。他记得我必须在8点钟以前赶回基地。 For about five minutes Jeff Jr. ran his train. Then, abruptly, he stopped and, without a word, left the room. He returned with the presents he had bought, a look of pride on his face. He"d had some help, but he"d made the choices himself. 小杰弗玩了大约5分钟的火车.突然,他停了下来,一句话没说就离开了房间。他回来时,拿着他买好的礼物,脸上神气十足。当时店里是有人领他去的,可东西都是他自己挑的。 I thought he was finished when he turned to me with a package in his hand. Merry Christmas, George, he said quietly. I was totally surprised. The gift was a comb-and-brush set, along with a case for other toilet articles. He held out his hand, then changed his mind and hugged me warmly.The moment of parting was bittersweet, for ] knew I would probably never see the Hollises again. Jeff Sr. and Marge thanked me, but I was the grateful one. 我以为他把礼物都分完了,只见他这时拿着一包东西转向了我.“恭贺圣诞,乔治,”他小声说。我完全没有想到。送给我的是一套梳刷用具,另有一只装其他盥洗用品的盒子。他伸出手,又改变主意,热烈拥抱起我来.分别的时刻又苦又甜,我知道恐怕永远也不会再见到霍利斯一家了.老杰弗和玛吉感谢我,倒是我要向他们感恩才是。 As I made my way to the station to catch a bus back to the base, I realized I had no more nagging doubts. I had found more in this experience than I had received from all the pep talks and patriotic speeches I had ever heard. 在赶往车站搭车返回基地的路上,我意识到我不再有那些牵肠挂肚的疑虑了。我从这次经历中觉得的,要比我从所有听过的鼓动性讲话和宣扬爱国精神的演讲中得到的更多。 For me, it was a revelation. I knew now what this war and all the fighting was about. It was something at once wonderful and simple. This country, my country, was a place of dreams.., and of dreamers who had the faith and the will to make dreams come true. 这对我是个启发。我终于明白这场战争和所有这些战斗为的是什么了。它是某种既精彩又简单的东西。这个国家。我的祖国,是将让人梦寐以求的国土......是一片让那些有信心和意志让梦想成真的人梦寐以求的国土。
2023-08-05 04:34:491

百万同题英文写作2018题目及范文

  树木非常绿的季节里,读一读百万同题写作出产的优秀英文作文,是一种情怀。   百万同题英文写作范文2018:We Are What We Read   教师引用布置   要求:   Some people believe that reading is a critical part of learning and growth. Finding the right book at the right time can light an emotional spark within us that motivates us to read more, understand more, and read joyfully. When that happens, the world opens. Everything becomes possible. However, others believe we learn by doing, and learn best from first-hand and concrete experiences, using our senses, exploring our environment of people, things, places and events. What is your view on this issue? Write an essay in response to this issue and give reasons to support your position.   参考译文:阅读造就你我   读书往往对一个人的成长和学习有着重要的影响。在恰当的时间,阅读一本好书可以点燃思想的火花,让我们更加博闻强识,享受阅读。不知不觉,阅读拓宽了我们的视野,激发出无限可能。然而,也有人认为,最好的学习方式是通过实践,使用我们的感官去探究周遭环境中的人、事和风景。对此,你有何看法?就这一主题写一篇作文(本科及以上学生建议300字以上,其他学生如中学生建议100字以上),并给出合适的理由证明你的观点。   百万同题英文写作范文2018:How Will AI Affect Our Life   四川省第二届联盟杯高校英语写大赛初赛参赛题目,将共同引用北京大学特别支持出题的2018中国百万同题英文写作活动之题目How Will AI Affect Our Life?   How Will AI Affect Our Life?   Recently, Googleu2019s AlphaGo defeated Lee Sedol, the Korean Go master, 4 to 1 in a five-game match. The machineu2019s sweeping victories have made AI(artificial intelligence)a hot topic once again. Some people welcome the progress and expect AI to benefit mankind in more fields. Some others fear that AI will eventually get out of human control. What is your view? How will AI affect our life?   Write an essay in response to the question. Give reasons to support your points of view.   参考译文:人工智能将怎样影响我们的生活?   最近,谷歌公司旗下的AlphaGo(一款围棋人工智能程序)在五局比赛中,以4:1 的成绩打败了韩国围棋大师李世石。 机器的全面胜利使得人工智能再度成为一个热门话题。一些人对这种进步表示欢迎,并期望人工智能能够在更多领域造福人类;另一些人则担心人工智能最终会摆脱人类的控制。对此,你有何看法?人工智能将会怎样影响我们的生活?   请就这些问题写一篇文章,并给出合适的理由证明你的观点。字数要求;高职高专100-200词;大学及研究生200-500字词。   百万同题英文写作2018范文:阅读造就你我   We Are What We Read   It is generally acknowledged that readingplays an essential role in the growth of individuals. There is no denying thatpeople take extensive reading as a priority in learning. While this doesn"tnecessarily mean learning is restricted to reading, practice is alsocontributing to one"s upbringing.   On the one side, the importance of readingcan never be overemphasized. Great books offer us creative ideas, optimistic perspectivetowards the life and the world, psychological health and cultivate interest.For example, Chairman Mao, who is presumably the greatest militarist of moderntimes and led Chinese people finally overturned imperialism, feudalism, bureaucracy,is a passionate reader throughout his life. Similarly, Premier Zhou, whoseinspiring stories concerning reading books are widely spread, had gain greatrespect as a diplomat with wisdom and humor, which can be partly attributed tohis accumulation of knowledge that is extracted from books. By the contrary, thosewho fail to gain access to books, wasting time on virtual worlds, is likely tolower expectation for themselves and do harm to society. As the saying goes, Promotingreading among people is pertinent to the health and creativity of a democraticsociety.   On the other side, we should get a clear perspectiveof the importance of the role of action that plays in learning. It is apparentthat what we take for granted nowadays is actually concluded from thousands ofexperiments. Consequently, going outside and taking part in activities, insteadof reading inside all day long, can teach us something we cannot figure out inbooks. To illustrate, frequent exposure to natural largely shorten the physicaldistance between us and natural, which is of great beneficial to our process oflearning. Furthermore, participating in various kinds of activities, which promotecommunication and interaction, can improve interpersonal relationship.   In summary, reading and doing are both theindispensable parts of learning. Since they are considered two sides of thecoin, it would seem ridiculous to separate them apart. 百万同题英文写作范文2018:AI   Recently, the five-game match betweenGoogle"s AlphaGo and Lee Sedol, the World Go Champion, ended in overwhelmingvictory with 4 to 1, which has provoked considerable controversies about theeffects that AI impacts in our daily life. Some people welcome the progress andanticipate AI to bring benefit to mankind in more fields while some otherpeople insist that AI will ultimately get out of control. And as far as I"mconcerned, I adhere to that AI plays a more of importance role in the future.   First, it is evident that nowadays AIhas been widely applied in our daily life, which provides us with significantproductivity boost both in work and study and great convenience. For example,the extensive acceptance of robots in the manufacturing industry, serviceindustry as well as agricultural industry has greatly liberated us from worklike washing dishes, watering the flowers and assisting students in revisingcompositions and enabled us to save time for more crucial things. In addition,there is no denying that they demonstrate more excellent performance whencompared with human beings.   Second, with the rapid development ofsociety and economic integration, the attractions, retentions and developmentsof talents are becoming major challenges for companies, which subsequently pushthe labor cost to be high and the advent of AI provides a favorable choice forthem, which is the employment of robots. Not only can that measure effectivelyimprove the working efficiency but also they are conducive to saving a largeamount of money for enterprises concerning the perspective of long-termdevelopment. Furthermore, they contribute to the modernization of companiestremendously.   Third, it is predictable that AI islikely to intensify the fierce competition for jobs further when taking thefact into consideration that in the future, AI will displace human beings forvery heavy work with comparatively low cost. However, it is also widelyacknowledged that the extremely awful conditions will unleash people"spotential and it is feasible for them to turn pressure into motivation andchallenge into possibility. Therefore, I persevere in that when confronted withthe pressure from AI, we people possess the indomitable and unyielding will andconfidence to contend with them, which would inspire us to pay attention to theinnovative thinking and devote to be a well-developed person instead of wastingtime and attending on the repetitive work like robots.   Last but not least, it is indispensablefor us to be conscious of the fact that the research and development of robotwill possibly bring some hazards in the future. However, this is not thejustification to obstruct us advancing. What"s more, the application of AI isindeed beneficial to us. After all, we will not be us and accomplish thedistinguished achievements today if we think of every potential danger and thengive up before we set out to do something.   百万同题英文写作题目2018:My Life in the Future   假如某英文报社组织一次名为畅想未来的征文活动,请你根据下面的要点提示,写一篇短文,畅想未来某一天你的生活和工作情况。   要点提示:   1.起床后边刷牙边欣赏镜子角上的音乐播放器(music video)里播放的音乐   2.机器人为你准备好了早餐。吃饭时机器人为你准备好公文包和燃氢电力车(hydrogen fuel cell car),之后程序自动驾车将你送到办公室;   3.你用数字监控系统(digital monitoring system)处理完日常工作后,听机器人为你读当天的新闻摘要。   百万同题英文写作2018范文:Are We More Connected or More Alone   Today we are more connected than ever before. Our ability to connect with other people online makes us feel like a part of something bigger. Meanwhile, this ability also diminishes how we feel in real life. The more we are connected online, the less we seem to be in real life. Writer and psychologist Sherry Turkle said, We are getting used to a new way of being alone together. Do you agree with this?   Write an essay on the above issue. Give reasons and specific evidence to support your point of view.
2023-08-05 04:34:581

关于F22 的 军事迷帮下忙~`

F-22战斗机 F-22战斗机是美国洛克希德·马丁公司与波音公司为美国空军研制的21世纪初主力制空战斗机,主要用于替换美国空军现役的F-15战斗机,在美国空军武器装备发展中占有最优先的地位。2002年9月,美空军正式将F-22改名为F/A-22,确立了F/A-22将兼顾制空与对地攻击双重任务。2005年12月,美国空军兰利空军基地的第27战斗机中队装备的F-22A率先达到初始作战能力(IOC),随后国防部表示F-22A已经达到战备状态。同时美国空军又恢复了F-22这一名称。在2007年进行的一系列演习中,F-22A创造了模拟空战击落144架“敌机”而自身无一伤亡的“神话”。尽管这一数字不可全信,但仍足以佐证F-22A性能的超前程度。 2007年初F-22已经完成交付一个完整的大队,并已开始部署到阿拉斯加和日本冲绳岛。尽管稍后F-22即退回美国基地,但该机已经成为美国干涉东亚事务的重要筹码。2007年8月,美国空军签订了总额50亿美元的多年采购合同,3年内共采购60架F-22战斗机。2007年底,F-22形成完全战斗力。如果预算经费没有大的改变,F-22将在几年内停产,也就是说在其他国家的第四代战斗机开始正式研制之前,F-22将已完成生产装备。 美国空军航空系统部建立了先进战术战斗机系统计划办公室(SPO)。SPO于1983年具体提出了ATF的概念,随后分别向七家主要的航空制造企业发出了各价值100万美元的设计方案合同,包括波音、通用动力、格鲁曼、洛克西德、麦道、诺斯罗普和洛克韦尔下属的北美飞机公司。在要求中,ATF应该能在未来空空、空地战场威胁环境中夺取空中优势,确保美军在全面或高技术的局部战争中夺取绝对的制空权。具体包括五个方面的要求:低可探测性、高机动性和敏捷性、超音速巡航、较大的有效载荷、具有飞越所有战区的足够航程。同年,通用电气和普·惠公司被选入ATF计划,为ATF研制新型发动机。美国空军希望凭借少量的先进的F/A-22抗击大量技术相对落后的敌机,取得制空权。美国方面称其为制空(Air Dominance)战机。 为了在技术水平上彻底超越F-15和苏联战斗机,SPO不断为ATF增加细节的明确要求。包括甚高速集成电路、主动变弯机翼、高压液压系统、不易燃液压技术、液压传动武器挂架、隐身能力、声控指挥控制、保形传感器、共享天线、一体化飞行控制与推进控制、短距起落、矢量推力、人工智能、先进复合材料、先进数据融合和座舱显示、集成电子战系统(主要包括AN/ALR-94电子战系统和AN/ALE-52箔条投放器等)、通信/导航/识别一体化、变速常频发电机、氧气发生系统以及光纤总线等等。1985年9月,美国空军开始发布招标。到1986年7月,七个竞争方案全部提交。经过空军评审,1986年10月31日宣布洛克希德/波音公司的YF/A-22和诺斯罗普/麦道公司的YF-23方案为优胜。1990年6和9月,YF-23和YF/A-22先后开始试飞。 经过半年多的对比试飞,1991年4月23日,美空军宣布洛克希德-马丁公司的YF/A-22获胜。这就是F/A-22最早的原型机。91年8月,F/A-22战斗机进人工程制造和发展阶段。首架F/A-22原型机于1997年4月9日出厂,5月29日首飞,生产型计划于2004年开始装备部队。美空军原计划采购438架,现减为339架。 为配合研制计划的进行,许多空中测试平台也应运而生。其中最为特别的是波音757FTB“空中测试平台”。 F/A-22的材料分布图如下。在机身制造上,F/A-22有着许多独创的新技术特点。例如前机身的舭状边缘,世界上最大的钛合金锻件——中机身隔框,传统航空材料(铝合金与合金钢)仅占全重的20%,钛合金比例高达36%,复合材料也达到24%。该机的整体式座舱盖尺寸达到了史无前例的3米x1米x0.76米的规模,重达163千克,可承受以相对速度1018千米/小时正面的一只1.8千克重飞鸟的撞击。该座舱盖采用聚碳酸脂透明件,厚度达20毫米,强度达到117~196MPa。该座舱因为强度很大,弹射座椅已经无法使用穿盖方式,改为使用火箭抛射方式。F-22后机身前后梁采用了热等静压钛合金铸件的电子束焊接结构。 F/A-22战斗机采用翼身融合体、双发双垂尾布局,综合优化曲面外形,截尖菱形上单翼,V形倾斜双垂尾,全动平尾,S形进气道,使飞机的隐身性能和机动性能得到了很好的折衷(见题图)。据介绍,F/A-22的雷达反射截面积约为0.1平方米,生存能力比目前的常规飞机提高18倍,作战效能是F-15战斗机的3倍。 F/A-22装两台普拉特·惠特尼公司F119-PW-100加力式涡扇发动机,单台加力推力155.7千牛,发动机推重比达到10,飞机推重比达到1.1。发动机不开加力时,飞机能以M1.58作超音速巡航30分钟。这一特性对于高速突防、快速通过敌防空区极为有效,并可大大提高空中发射导弹的初始速度,使空射武器没有空带限制,这在双方迎头相遇的超视距空战中尤为重要。同时,超音速巡航能力还有利于快速追击,利用速度优势提高截击能力、扩大导弹的攻击范围和增加攻击机会。发动机装二元俯仰轴推力矢量喷口,可在俯仰方向变化正负20度,使飞机具有高的超音速机动性能和好的低速大迎角性能,最大迎角可达60度。飞机能在空中迅速变换自己的位置,使机头快速指向目标,并能在空中任一位置向敌机发起攻击。F/A-22的爬升率、盘旋角速度、滚转角速度、加速特性、盘旋半径、爬升特性、盘旋角加速度和滚转角加速度等性能都优于F-15战斗机。这些性能指标上的优势使F/A-22具有更强的空中格斗能力,能变被动为主动,变劣势为优势,进行各种超常规机动作战。F/A-22的短距起降能力极佳,能在500米长的跑道上起降。 F119-PW-100在2002年9月获得美国空军颁发的初始使用批准(ISR),标志着该发动机即将投入现役使用。在4000多小时的飞行试验中,F119-PW-100发动机没有发生过一起空中停车或发动机失速的故障,这一极高可靠性的表现是航空发动机历史上前所未有。普·惠公司成功进行了F119的全面的部件和整机试验,其中包括相当于美国空军6年的服役期的耐久试验。严格的试验项目证实了该发动机热端部件的全寿命期能力和其他所有部件的基地维修间隔寿命。所有的试验结果都证实了该发动机满足维修性、性能、操作性和结构完整性的要求。 美空军表示:F119发动在整个飞行试验评估中工作良好,满足或超过所有要求,期望F119在实际使用环境条件下仍保持优良的性能。目前,F119正在进行加速成熟计划AMP的试验,这一计划是F119部件改进计划的一部分。AMP将模拟F/A-22武器系统6到8年的运行时间以及其他恶劣的工作条件。例如,提高了最高涡轮前温度的工作时间,增加加力燃烧室点火器的数目和喷管矢量循环数以及加大发动机的不平衡量使之超出正常预计值。即使在如此恶劣的条件下,F119发动机仍具备较好的性能、可操作性、可靠性和耐久性。迄今为止,普·惠公司已交付36台生产型F119发动机。 F/A-22配备综合航空电子系统。配备综合航空电子系统是第四代战斗机的主要特点之一。该系统的特点包括:通过数据总线进行信息传送,采用模块化结构实现结构的简化和资源共享,通过传感器数据融合获取更丰富、准确、质量更高的目标信息,所有作战信息通过平显和多功能显示器显示,为飞行员提供关键的飞行及作战信息,显著降低了飞行员的工作负担,通过机内自检和系统重构,使系统具有容错能力,提高了系统的可靠性和可维修性。高性能的综合航空电子系统使F/A-22具有良好的识别、选择、瞄准、快攻和帮助飞行员决策的能力。 F/A-22配装APG-77多功能有源相控阵火控雷达(AESA),对3平方米目标的最大探测距离为200公里,可同时跟踪攻击30个空中目标,能探测跟踪16个地面目标,并能拦截巡航导弹。另外,它还有很强的侦察能力,所用的电子侦家设备可以比F-4G“野鼬鼠”飞机更精确、快速地测定敌方雷达的坐标位置。美空军还将为F/A-22的APG-77增加合成孔径技术(SAR),以改善其对地武器投放精度。SAR将在F/A-22形成初步作战能力后,作为首个重大改进项目。当SAR成功结合在APG-77上以后,F/A-22采用JDAM攻击时,将使误差减少约50%。由于用SAR部件替代AESA中老式的零部件,要比较便宜,所以从长远观点来看SAR能节省APG-77的费用。下图显示了相控阵雷达的优点,在极短的瞬间内可以进行多项工作。 AN/APG-77雷达可通过F-22飞机上的通用信息处理机(CIP)与其它的传感器和航空电子设备相联。该处理机可对天线的收/发波束方向图进行控制并对所接收到的雷达数据进行处理。这种有源电扫阵列由2000个低功率X波段收/发组件构成。每一辐射单元的发射机和接收机是分置的,这种类型的天线可为支持F-22飞机的空中优势提供必需的灵活性、低雷达截面和宽带宽。较低的寿命周期成本可对增加的复杂性、重量和采购成本进行补偿。APG-77采用了砷化镓(GaAs)技术,一个70mm×3mm的收/发组件可产生10W的射频功率。APG-77本身没有数据处理机。F-22上的两台CIP把雷达同F-22飞机上的其它传感器和电子战系统综合在一起。雷达同飞机武器系统的有效接口就是直接通过这两个CIP来实现的。 APG-77具有先进的抗电子干扰能力,预计装机后,F-22将在强杂波和多目标威胁的环境下具有全天候、全向、全高度空/空和空/地作战能力。据2000年期刊透露,APG-77除去具有聚束式合成孔径方式获得高分辨率外,还采用逆合成孔径技术获得超高分辨率(UHR)。由于其分辨率为约0.3米,一个30米长的目标就会有100个像素来确定目标的大小和形状。这种目标的形状识别能力加上回波频谱特征的计算机比对,使该雷达具有一定的“非合作目标识别(NCTR)”能力。 工作方式 空/空:空/空搜索与跟踪,空战机动(ACM,近程空战格斗),边测距边搜索(RWS),搜索高度显 示,边速度搜索边测距(VSR),边跟踪边扫描,单目标跟踪(STT),袭击群目标分辨,改 善上视搜索(远距搜索),战情提示,通过凹口跟踪技术。 空/地:增强实波束地形测绘,扩展地形测绘,多普勒波束锐化(选用地图“冻结”),信标,地 面动目标跟踪,地面动目标显示(GMTI)。 空/海:海面目标检测(选用地图“冻结”,中/低海情),固定目标跟踪,地面动目标显示 (GMTI),地面动目标跟踪(GMTT)。 作用距离 160n mile(用VSR方式对上视/下视迎头目标) 160n mile(用RWS方式对迎头或尾追目标) 80n mile(用增强实波束地图测绘方式对导航地形图和地面目标探测) 40n mile(使用GMTI方式对陆地和海面目标) 10n mile(用ACM方式自动锁定被探测到的第1个目标) 31n mile(用STT方式自动锁定第1个目标) 扫描范围 格斗状态:30°×20°(正常),10°×60°(垂直扫描) 跟踪能力 同时跟踪10个目标 波束锐化 8:1(DBS1),64:1(DBS2) ISAR 像素的目标尺寸为0.3m,30m长目标有100个像素 天线型式 有源相控阵列 天线直径 约1m T/R组件 2000个 组件功率 10W/组件 MTBF 整机 400h 天线 2000h 冷却方式 液冷 根据军方对F-22飞机的探测距离远的要求,雷达设计师对有源和无源阵列及其体积、重量和电源作了论证比较后选择了有源电扫阵列。虽然有源电扫阵列在技术和费用方面的风险较高,但能获得较宽的射频带宽并实现远距离探测。6位相移T/R组件设计本身代表了一种复杂的折衷,即对发射功率、效率和增益等参数作相互折衷选择后以得到一个可承受的T/R组件性能结果和可承受的最终成本,对GaAs芯片的多次研制评估后达到这种平衡。接收机使用低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)作为中频接收机的基板,这种LTCC具有导热性佳和重量轻的优点。在激励器、采样数据交换器、通道形成器和阵列环流器基板/汇流环中也均使用了LTCC。在激励器中采用的大量振动隔离措施对频综器的离散频谱产生有效的控制。电源使用高密度电源并采用分布式设计,这样做大大提高了雷达的可靠性和可维修性。 2001年5月,诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司提出将洛克希德·马丁公司为JSF联合攻击战斗机设计的有源电子扫瞄阵列雷达用于F/A-22战斗机的可行性。据诺·罗公司介绍,由于F/A-22的设计方案在该项目进入工程制造与发展阶段(91年8月)时即已定型。因此经过这么多年的发展,JSF联合攻击战斗机的雷达远比F/A-22先进得多。正是由于这种技术上的先进性,使得JSF的雷达系统售价仅相当于F/A-22雷达的一半,重量更轻,作战能力相当,其中空对地目标定位能力比F/A-22雷达还要强。成本问题也部分导致了两种机型在生产数量上的巨大差异。然而,到目前为止,JSF上的系统还没有被批准用于F/A-22上。这是因为系统集成和测试的成本也很高,阻碍了系统被用于其它设计。 武器方面,F/A-22配备一门口径M61A2 20毫米机炮;可挂4枚发射后不管AIM-120C中距空空导弹和2枚AIM-9X近距导弹,还可挂HARM“哈姆”高速反辐射导弹,AGM-154联合防区外发射武器,GBU-32联合直接攻击弹药,JASSM联合防区外隐身空地导弹,WCMD风修正子母弹,GBU-22“宝石路”III型制导炸弹等。炮口和弹舱门均装有能够快速开启的舱门,轻巧敏捷的弹舱挂架还具有快速伸出并弹射弹药的功能。使得这些开口都得到了保护,提高了隐身性能。 2002年4月美空军为使F/A-22具有悬挂标准重量250磅(113千克)的小型炸弹(SDB)的能力,计划将原本设计在武器舱内的环控系统导管去掉。SDB目前正在由波音公司和洛克希德·马丁公司进行竞争。如计划实现,F/A-22战斗机可内挂多达8颗SDB,显著增强对地攻击能力。目前武器舱仅为内挂AIM-120C和JDAM设计,设计时环控系统导管穿过武器舱,不便于挂载其他武器,因此必须移走。环控系统导管的作用在于将发动机吸入的空气引到环控系统,为飞机的航空电子设备和飞行员提供冷却用气体。这项从武器舱内移走环控系统导管的工作,可能在2003财年开始进行。 F/A-22战斗机的空重为13.6吨,最大起飞重量27吨,最大飞行速度M2.1,作战半径1500公里。F/A-22战斗机的研制和生产总费用达到了700亿美元,出厂价格预计每架为7200万美元,是目前世界上最贵的战斗机。 作为第四代战斗机,F/A-22战斗力倍增,而可维修性大大提高。F/A-22将比它所替代的第三代战斗机可靠得多。与F-15相比,F/A-22飞机保障所需的资源明显减少,作战能力却明显提高。这样F/A-22是真正意义上的战斗力倍增器。从F/A-22设计伊始,就注重保障性设计,目的是降低F/A-22的使用与保障费用,由此将使F/A-22飞机20年服役费用只有F-15同样使用年限的一半。过去保障性设计只是在飞机设计全过程的最后阶段才给予考虑;但在F/A-22的飞机部件或系统图纸设计阶段,维修人员就与设计工程师及制造工程师一起,参与飞机部件或系统的设计、制造及维修工作。设计、生产、维修三方在保障性设计方面需要通力合作。生产一线使用的工具,如果对维修保障有用,也推广应用到维修一线。例如,工厂生产线上使用的座舱盖安装吊车,已经应用在部队。F/A-22与F-15相比,可连续出动架次是F-15的两倍,可靠性指标也是F-15的两倍,每飞行小时只需要0.5个直接维修工时,再次出动检修时间是F-15的2/3。此外,部署一个F/A-22中队(24架飞机)值班30天仅需8架C-141运输机,而部署一个F-15C中队则需16架C-141运输机;部署F/A-22中队所需的车间设备(如机轮和轮胎、弹射座椅、飞行员装备等)和飞机备件也都比F-15明显减少。 F/A-22机身底部离地面只有0.9m,这样,几乎所有的部件或系统都在肩膀高的高度范围之内。模块化结构的航空电子系统,采用了目前民用计算机相当流行的即插即用(P&P)技术,排除故障既方便又迅速。机内自检技术可以将故障诊断系统到外场可更换模块(LRM)即可插拔电路板卡,实际上是一个可确定故障等级的专用电子卡。故障过滤技术系统可以确定故障危险等级以确定是否在座舱向飞行员发出提示甚至告警信息。重要故障数据记录使得维修人员知道什么时间什么部件发生什么故障。F/A-22飞机上拥有能为飞行员供氧的机载制氧系统(OBOGS),因此不需要地面液氧设备。为保证飞行安全,在油箱油量下降时,需给油箱充惰性气体。因此,F/A-22拥有机载惰性气体制造系统(OBIGGS),用其输出的氮气给油箱充气。F/A-22还拥有1个辅助动力装置(APU),因此不需要地面电瓶车。F/A-22的操作尽可能简单,例如,只需要4个简单的步骤,就可以使发动机启动。总体上看,F/A-22再次出动准备包括给飞机补充油料、弹药,以便飞机能再次升空作战。F/A-22允许航炮装弹和导弹挂装同时进行,而在其他战斗机上,则必须严格按先后次序进行。F/A-22采用单个加油点、单个耗材状态检查点。F/A-22采用气动液压伸缩式导弹发射架,以防飞机再次出动准备期间发生走火。 F/A-22系统具有可靠性高、保障备件少、空运保障量小等特点。它的航空电子系统采用容错技术,当某一电路板发生故障时,系统能自动进行重构。该电子系统应用液冷技术,利于延长系统寿命。此外,在研制期间,航空电子系统就经历了综合分析、研制测试和全规模测试,这些测试比传统的军用标准测试更加严格、时间更长。例如,电子设备测试的热循环次数是军标的10倍,高速震动的振动时间也是军标的10倍。 近期F/A-22武器系统有新进展。美EDO公司从洛克西德·马丁航空公司获得了一份940万美元关于其先进中程空空导弹发射器的合同,合同还包括140万美元的先进材料采购经费,经洛克西德公司批准,该先进材料将由EDO公司的船舶与飞机系统工厂生产。EDO的首席执行官称,这一合同巩固了EDO公司作为一个用于飞机上的气动发射机构的供应商的地位,这种气动发射机构将在21世纪装备部队。EDO公司的武器弹射产品是公司成长战略的一个核心产品,这种专用产品广泛用在国内和国际的飞机上,包括未来的联合攻击机。这种导弹弹射发射装置称为LAU-142/A AVEL,可使挂装在飞机内部的武器安全与飞机分离。AVEL使用了一种高可靠性、非化学能系统。当在飞行中接到发射导弹的指令时,AVEL系统充气,然后将导弹安全地推射出去,导弹非常迅速地穿过临界空气流动层。 2001年8月,F/A-22研制成功10年后,美国终于下定决心投入巨资批量生产F/A-22战斗机。国防部次长阿尔德里奇宣布,将正式投产F/A-22“猛禽”战斗机,以替代目前正在服役的F-15机群。洛克希德·马丁公司将承接生产295架F/A-22的生产订单,如果价格成本令军方满意,五角大楼将会增加订数。 由于订购计划的确定,F/A-22的其他试验计划也开始加速进行。如近期F/A-22进行了被弹试验,即抗毁损能力的试验。试验中用高射炮弹向停放在实验室内的F/A-22射击,F/A-22的部分蒙皮损坏,但主要结构未受大的影响。这证明了F/A-22的机体结构可以顶住少量小型高炮炮弹的攻击。 目前美国空军已经为F/A-22战斗机的首支作战联队选定基地,即著名的弗吉尼亚州兰利空军基地。首批F/A-22计划于2004年9月进驻该基地,2005年12月将具备初始作战能力。之前美空军根据F/A-22战斗机作战联队驻扎的最终环境影响的声明中有关的信息、分析以及公众的态度,做了详细的研究报告。可见环保力量的强大。最终认为驻扎兰利基地符合美国的国家环境政策法案NEPA以及政府关于NEPA中环境质量的规定。 具体工作包括: ·在基地建立三个战斗机中队,包括72架F/A-22战斗机和6架备用机。F-15“鹰”战斗机被替换。该工作将于2002年开始; ·在基地为训练和作战部署提供管理; ·为 全长 18.92m 全宽 13.56m 全高 5m 空重 13636Kg 最大起飞重量 27273Kg 超音速巡航时飞行速度 1590km/h 高空最大飞行速率 M1.35 海平面最大飞行速率 1482km/h 升限 15240m
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