倒装句的用法

部分倒装的用法：部分倒装就是把谓语的一部分(通常是助动词、情态动词)放在主语之前，或把句子的强调成分提前。例句：Only in this way can we finish the work.语法：该句只把情态动词can放在主语we之前，句子部分倒装。译文：只有这样，我们才能完成工作。以下几种情况句子需要部分倒装。(1)表示否定意义的词或词组放在句首作状语时。这类词与词组主要有：never, scarcely, hardly, rarely, seldom, little, nowhere,no sooner…than, not only, only, in no case, in no way, on no account等。例句：Little does he care about what others think.语法：句中表示否定意义的词Little放在句首，助动词does放在主语he之前，句子部分倒装。译文：他一点儿也不在乎别人怎么想。注意：否定词只否定主语时就不用倒装。例句：Hardly anybody believes that.语法：句中的否定词Hardly否定的是主语anybody，句子不用倒装。译文：几乎没有人相信那件事。(2)以否定副词开头并加时间状语从句或定语从句放在句首的句子，则只要求主句用部分倒装语序。例句：Only after I had saw the letter did I realise I had misunderstood him.语法：这是一个主从复合句。主句用部分倒装语序，助动词did放在主语I之前。译文：看到了信之后，我才意识到我误解他了。(3)连词as/though引导的让步状语从句可以用部分倒装语序。这种状语从句的结构为“形容词/名词+as/though+主语+谓语(系动词)”。在句首的如果是名词，不要带冠词，但如果名词前有形容词修饰，则常常带冠词。例句①：Tired as he was yesterday, he finished the task timely.语法：as引导的是让步状语从句，表语Tired(形容词)放在句首，句子部分倒装。译文：尽管他昨天很疲惫，但他还是及时完成了任务。例句②：Child as he is, he is very brave.语法：as引导的是让步状语从句，表语Child放在句首，句子部分倒装，名词child前面不带冠词。译文：尽管他还是个孩子，但他非常勇敢。例句③：A young man as he is, he has won the Nobel Prize.语法：as引导的是让步状语从句，表语A young man放在句首，句子部分倒装，名词man前面有形容词修饰，所以带有冠词A。译文：尽管他还是个年轻人，但他已经赢得了诺贝尔奖。(4)虚拟语气中的倒装。虚拟语气中的条件状语从句如果省略了if，这时were，had或should须移到主语的前面，从而形成部分倒装。例句：Had it not been for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the film so often.语法：该句为虚拟语气，条件状语从句省略了引导词if，助动词Had须放在主语it的前面，形成部分倒装。译文：如果没有免费的票，我就不会经常去看电影。

倒装句英语中的语序通常是“主语在前，谓语在后”，这称为自然语序。反之，谓语动词的一部分或全部放在主语的前面，这样的语序称为倒状语序。倒状又分为全部倒状和部分倒状两种。按照目的来分类，倒装句可分为两类：因语法结构引起的倒装句和部分引起的倒装句。1) 语法倒装句型(一) 疑问倒装Can you operate the new machine ?你能操作这台机器么？In what way are they different ?她们在哪些方面不同？(二) There be 句型的倒装There are many forms of energy . 能量有多种形式。There stands a stone bridge across the river .河上有座石桥。(三) 表示祝愿的倒装 May you succeed ! 祝你成功！(四) 以here, there, now, then, thus等副词为句首的句子倒装。谓语动词通常是be, come, go, exist, follow等不及物动词。 Here is the book you want .你要的书在这儿。There goes the bell.铃响了。 Now is the hour when they say goodbye.她们告别的时候到了。 Then follows the fashion show .然后是时装表演。(五) 表示否定或基本否定的词与词组放在句首的句子倒装。这样的词与词组主要有： never seldom scarcely hardly rarely little not owhere ; hardly … when no sooner … than … in no case in no way on no account at no time ot only … but also 等等。 Never has any country made so much progress in such a short time .从来没有任何一个国家在这么短的时间内取得这样大的进步。 Rarely did Tom leave his lab those days .那几天汤姆很少离开她的实验室。No sooner had they got to the plant than they started to work. . 她们一到工厂就开始工作起来了。(六) “Only +状语”放在句首的句子倒装Only by working hard can one succeed .只有努力才能成功。Only once have I seen him . 我只见过她一次面。Only when one falls ill does one know the value of health .只有生病的时候才知道健康的可贵。(七) 反复倒装。如果前面分句中所述的情况也适合后面的分句，后面的分句常用so （肯定句），nor , neither 或no more （否定句）开头引导倒装句。 They can leave now , so can we.她们现在可以离开，我们也能。 Our society has changed and so have the people in it . 社会变了，人也变了。 He didn"t see the film last night , neither did she .她昨晚没有看电影，她也没看。 Energy cannot be created ,and neither can it be destroyed .能量不能创造，也不能消灭。(八) 虚拟条件句中的倒装。虚拟语气中的条件从句省去if 时,were ,had 或should 须放在主语前面。 Were it not for your help ,I wouldn"t have got I have today .要是没有你的帮助，我就不会有今天。 Were there no air ,there would be no sound .没有空气就没有声音。 Had I left a little earlier ,I would have caught .我要是早点动身就赶上火车了。2) 强调倒装句因强调而引起的倒装句，一般是强调什么成分就将什么成分放在句首，使其句子倒装。（1） 状语放在句首 Down went the boat ! 船沉了！ Off is the train . 火车开走了。 Up went the rocket into the air . 火箭上了天。 Across the river lies a newly building steel bridge .新建的一座钢桥横跨这条河流。（2） 表语放在句首 Great are our achievements in science and technology .我们在科技上的成就是伟大的。 Of all metal construction are wing structures of modern high-speed airplanes.现代高速飞机的机翼是全金属结构的。（3） 宾语放在句首What man has done man can do .前人能做的，后人也能做。What he did I cannot imagine .我想象不出她做了什么。Whether these figures are accurate ,I don"t know .这些数字是否精确，我不知道。What will be the outcome ,no one can tell.后果会怎样，没有人知道。这些够用么