感悟和平的经典句子

火炬接力

relaying torchtorch relay

火炬传递,火炬接力

1936年,奥林匹克历史上首次举行了激动人心的圣火接力仪式。火炬穿越了希腊、保加利亚、南斯拉夫、匈牙利、奥地利、捷克斯洛伐克、德国7个国家，全程3050公里，共有3331人参加了火炬接力。火炬所经过的城市都举行了隆重的欢迎仪式，并设立专门的祭坛点火。声势浩大的火炬接力活动获得极大的成功，不仅唤起了世人对奥林匹克的热情，传播了奥林匹克的精神，也为后来的奥运会树立了典范。 圣火起源于古希腊神话传说。相传古希腊神普罗米修斯为解救饥寒交迫的人类，瞒着宙斯偷取火种带到人间。古希腊在每届奥运会举行以前，人们都要在赫拉神庙前点燃圣火。现代奥运会创立后，最初并没有沿袭这个传统，直到1920年第7届安特卫普奥运会上，为了悼念第一次世界大战中死去的人们，主办者在主会场点燃了象征和平的火炬，不过既没有进行火炬传递活动，也没有从古奥林匹亚采集火种。1934年，国际奥委会决定，在奥运会期间，从开幕到闭幕，主会场要燃烧奥林匹克圣火，并且火种必须采自希腊的古奥运遗址——奥林匹亚，并以火炬接力的形式传到主办城市。从此，圣火传递成为每一届奥运会必不可少的仪式。 从1936年柏林奥运会开始，每届奥运会前，在奥林匹亚的赫拉神庙遗址前都要举行庄重的点火仪式，国际奥委会、奥运会主办地和当地的官员都要出席。身着古装的希腊少女用聚光镜采得火种，然后用火炬传到雅典，再由雅典传到主办城市。在火炬接力途中，如遇高山峻岭、江河湖海时，则可用飞机、轮船运送。火种必须在奥运会开幕前一天到达主办城市，在开幕式举行时由最后的火炬接力者在人们的欢呼声中点燃位于主体育场的“奥林匹克圣火”。有幸承担这个使命的大都是一些著名运动员。

relay ["ri:lei]n. 驿马, 替班, 中继, 接力vt. 分程传递, 转播, 使接替vi. 接力传送, 转播[化] 继电器; 替续器[医] 交接, 更代[经] 补充, 接替, 替班; 补充物资

奥林匹克火炬传递

1-4 D A C C 阅读理解。 SHAOXING, East China, May 16(Xin Hua)- The Olympic torch relay (火炬接力) will start in Shaoxingon Saturday, which is known as one ancient Chinese culture city with a history of over 4,000 years. Shaoxing is also the hometown to many outstanding persons such as Cai Yuanpei, Lu Xun and Zhou Enlai. Chairman Mao Zedong once wrote a poem, praising Shaoxing as the "home of famous names". The relay, planned to kick off at 15:40 Saturday, will set out from Da Yu Ling. It is the resting place of Da Yu, an ancient hero who succeeded in dealing with the great flood (洪水). Along the route, the torch will also pass by Da Tong School, Ying En Gate, the Chinese Yellow Wine Town and Native residence (故居) of Mr Lu Xun. According to the plan, the relay will end at about 18:40. "You can know the history of Shaoxing when you walk along the route," said Shan Guoquan, the person who planned the route. According to Shan, Da Tong School was the earliest school in China that specialized (专门从事) in sports teaching and training. It was built from a place which used to be an exam center in ancient times. Ying En Gate, Shaoxing"s ancient water city gate, was built in 1626. It was in the busiest and richest area100 years ago. The Chinese Yellow Wine Town told us the cultures of the popular drink among the people in Shaoxing for centuries. Native residence of Mr Lu Xun is built to remember Lu Xun, a great writer and thinker in China. "Just as a time tunnel (隧道), the Olympic torch relay route tells us the history of Shaoxing," said Shan. 1. Among the following four persons, _____ named Shaoxing "home of famous names". A. Cai Yuanpei B. Lu Xun C. Zhou Enlai D. Mao Zedong 2. The underlined phrase "kick off" probably means "_____". A. begin B. stop C. check D. leave 3. Which of the following is NOT TRUE? A. The torch relay will pass by five famous places. B. Ying En Gate has a history of more than 380 years. C. There was no sports education in Da Tong School.D. The torch relay route helps people know the history of Shaoxing. 4. This passage is most probably from _____. A. a bookB. a letterC. a newspaper D. a magazine

去有道啊

Olympic torch relay reached in Guangzhou today. We went out to see the torch with hope. But we were not able to see the torch,I was pushed by people, and I probably would have been trampled by crazy animals if my friend was not there. That was so terrible! I wonder somebody would go to hospital today. The more terrible thing is the police, they pushed you heavily and shouted at you,later they tried to use motorbike attack you, I was happy they didnt take out theiri guns. pffffffffff,I feel very disappointed about the Olmpic torch thing. Just want to share my story with other friends who live in other cities where the torch will go. Don"t try to get in,because you can"t see anything except heads. It is so dangerous that might hurt you.watch TV at home is safer.

B。 试题分析：考查短语辨析。A.出版，发行B.发生C.过来，顺便来访；D.偶然遇到；被理解.句意：我想知道中国登山员是怎样做到在空气如此稀薄的喜马拉雅山完成火炬接力的。根据句意说明在如此艰巨的条件下中国登山员完成火炬接力这件事是怎么发生的，故B正确。点评：本题四项都是常考内容，平时加强记忆。尤其 came out与came about易混淆。另外，come about 要与happen,take place ,occur 等几个词相区别

田径:track&fieldsprint/middle-distance/longrun短跑/中/长距离跑marathon马缤松relayrace;relay接力hurdles;hurglerace跨栏walking;walkingrace竞走steeplechase障碍赛highjump跳高polejump;polevault撑竿跳高longjump跳远highskipandjump三级跳shotput推铅球discus铁饼weightthrow链球gavelock;javelin标枪decathlon男子十项全能（100米跑、跳远、铅球、跳高、400米跑，110米跨栏跑、铁饼、撑竿跳高、标枪、1500米跑）heptathlom女子七项全能（100米跨栏跑、跳高、铅球、200米跑、跳远、标枪、800米跑）triathlon铁人三项：游泳（1500米）；自行车（40公里）；跑步（10公里）射击:shootingMen"s/Women"sshooting10mAirRifle男子/女子10米气步枪Men"s/Women"sShooting10mAirPistol男子/女子10米气手枪shootingTrap多向飞碟Shooting10mRunningTarget10米移动靶Shooting25mPistol25米运动手枪跳水：divingMen"s/Women"sDivingSynchronised10mplatform男子/女子10米双人跳台Men"s/Women"s10mplatform男子/女子10米跳台Men"s/Women"s3mplatform男子/女子3米跳板Men"s/Women"sSynchronized3mspringboard男子/女子3米双人跳板游泳：swimming400medley400米混合泳freestyle自由泳breaststroke蛙泳butterfly蝶泳backstroke仰泳Men"s/Women"s4x100freestyle男子/女子4x100混合泳接力划船：rowingcanoe/kayak划皮艇canoeslalom轻舟激流sailing帆船运动repechages(赛艇和击剑等运动的)补充赛体操：gymnasticsrings吊环balancebeam平衡木trampoline鞍马vaultinghorse跳马Women"sArtisticGymnasticsUnevenBars竞技体操女子高低杠Women"sArtisticGymnasticsBeam竞技体操女子自由体操Men"sArtisticGymnasticsParallelBars竞技体操男子双杠Men"sArtisticGymnasticshorizontalBar竞技体操男子单杠Men"s/Women"sArtisticGymnasticsTeamFinals男子/女子团体竞技体操Men"s/Women"sArtisticGymnasticsAll-AroundFinals竞技体操男子/女子个人全能决赛击剑：FencingMen"s/Women"sFencingSabre击剑男子/女子长剑Men"sFencing(Team)Foil击剑男子（团体）花剑Women"sFencingFoil击剑女子花剑Men"s/Women"sFencing(Team)Epee击剑男子/女子（团体）重剑举重：WeightliftingMen"sWeightlifting77kg男子77公斤级举重Women"sWeightlifting75+kg女子75公斤以上级举重cleanandjerk挺举snatch抓举球类运动：ballgamesgolf高尔夫球cricket板球hockey曲棍球volleyball排球badminton羽毛球tabletennis乒乓球baseball棒球basketball篮球football/soccer足球tennis网球rugby橄榄球softball垒球handball手球waterpolo水球拳击：boxing跆拳道:taekwondo滑冰:iceskatingfigureskating花样滑冰摔跤:wrestlingfreestylewrestling自由式摔跤Greece-Romanwrestling古典式摔跤自行车:cyclingindividual/teampursuit个人/团队争先赛Women"s500mTimeTrial女子500米计时赛Men"s1kmTimeTrial男子1公里计时赛Men"s/Women"sTeamSprint男子/女子个人追逐赛（男4000米，女3000米）Men"sTeamSprint男子团队追逐赛（4000米）Men"s/Women"sPointsRace男子/女子记分赛Men"sKeirin绦林赛Men"sMadison麦迪逊赛CyclingMountainBike：CrossCountry山地车：越野马术：equestriandressage盛装舞步jumpingindividualshowjumping单马超越障碍比赛＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝奥运会OlympicGames奥运会选拔赛OlympicTrial国际奥委会InternationalOlympicCommittee奥运会会歌OlympicAnthem奥运火炬OlympicTorch奥运会代表团OlympicDelegation奥运村OlympicVillage组委会organizationcommittee开幕式openingceremony闭幕式closingceremony吉祥物mascot颁奖台podium

http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/154889350.html

Catchthestarthatholdsyourdestiny,theonethatforevertwinkleswithinyourheart.Takeadvantageofpreciousopportunitieswhiletheystillsparklebeforeyou.Alwaysbelievethatyourultimategoalisattainableaslongasyoucommityourselftoit.追随能够改变你命运的那颗星，那颗永远在你心中闪烁的明星。当它在你面前闪耀时，抓住这宝贵的机会。请谨记，只要你坚持不懈，最终的目标总能实现。

:北京市-阿拉木图-伊斯坦布尔-圣彼得堡-伦敦-巴黎-旧金山-布宜诺斯艾利斯

句子意思是台湾是否被列入奥运火炬的传递这个问题还没被答复，填that从句子成分来看没什么问题，但是结合句意就不对了， 后面是weather引导的同位语从句

2选B 4选B 10选C 12√

这里有答案！~~

GOD BLESS THEM! A powerful earthquake struck Western China on Monday, toppling thousands of homes, factories and offices, trapping students in schools, and killing at least 10,000 people, the countryu2019s worst natural disaster in three decades. The quake, which was estimated preliminarily to have had a magnitude of 7.9, ravaged a mountainous region outside Chengdu, capital of Sichuan Province, just after lunchtime Monday, destroying 80 percent of structures in some of the towns and small cities near its epicenter, Chinese officials said. Its tremors were felt as far away as Vietnam and set off another, smaller quake in the outskirts of Beijing, 900 miles away. Landslides, power failures and fallen mobile phone towers left much of the affected area cut off from the outside world and limited information about the damage. But snapshots of concentrated devastation suggested that the death toll that could rise significantly as rescue workers reached the most heavily damaged areas. In the town of Juyuan, south of the epicenter in the city of Wenchuan, a school collapsed, trapping 900 students in the rubble and setting off a frantic search for survivors that stretched through the night. Two chemical factories in Shifang were destroyed, spilling 80 tons of toxic liquid ammonia, officials told Chinese state media. The destruction of a single steam turbine factory in the city of Mianzhu buried “several thousand” people, the state-run Xinhua News Agency reported Tuesday morning. The quake was already Chinau2019s biggest natural disaster since another earthquake leveled the city of Tangshan in eastern China in 1976, leaving 240,000 people dead and posing a severe challenge to the ruling Communist Party, which initially tried to cover up the catastrophe.

yaomin

高一的开学英语自我介绍 　　来到一个陌生的地方时，常常要进行自我介绍，通过自我介绍可以得到他人的欣赏。那么你真的会写自我介绍吗？以下是我为大家整理的高一的.开学英语自我介绍，希望能够帮助到大家。 高一的开学英语自我介绍1 　　My name is xx from xx graduated from xxprimary school. 　　Very happy and we all the same, hope and we became good friends. 　　I like the Internet, reading books, 　　Thank you 高一的开学英语自我介绍2 　　It is really my honor to have this opportunity for a interview,I hope i can make a good performance today. I m confident that I can succeed.Now i will introduce myself briefly.I am 26 years old,born in shandong province. 　　I was graduated from qingdao university. my major is electronic.and i got my bachelor degree after my graduation in the year of 20xx. 　　I spend most of my time on study,i have passed CET4/6. and i have acquired basic knowledge of my major during my school time. 　　In July 20xx, I begin work for a small private company as a technical support engineer in QingDao city.Because I m capable of more responsibilities, so I decided to change my job. 　　And in August 20xx,I left QingDao to BeiJing and worked for a foreign enterprise as a automation software test engineer.Because I want to change my working environment, I d like to find a job which is more challenging. Morover Motorola is a global company, so I feel I can gain the most from working in this kind of company ennvironment. That is the reason why I come here to compete for this position. 　　I think I m a good team player and I m a person of great honesty to others. Also I am able to work under great pressure. That s all. Thank you for giving me the chance 高一的开学英语自我介绍3 　　hello,everyone. My name is ++ and Im 15-year-old .I am Very pleased to be admitted to the Xicheng Foreign Language School. 　　My favourite subject is Chinese and English. My hobby is blown flute and reading. There is also a very good Orchestra here. The school orchestra and this will allow me to learn a lot of knowledge in this three years. 　　I want to study well. To give our parents and ourselves a satisfactory answer at this holiday. I took part in the training of the orchestra. 　　Participated in the torch relay Task. I will Learn a lot and I hope that I can learn more knowledge at this secondary school. ;

3个祥云火炬

如果没有答案的话 ，你可以来郑州培雅雅思培训看看

小升初英文自我介绍（通用12篇） 　　当来到一个陌生的`地方时，我们通常会被要求作自我介绍，自我介绍是结识新朋友的重要手段。如何写出一个与众不同的自我介绍？以下是我为大家收集的小升初英文自我介绍（通用12篇），供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。 　　小升初英文自我介绍1 　　Hello Im xx and I am xx years old. I come from xx middle school and I am a good student . I love sports, such as football and basketball, as well as music--you know, I like listening to Mozarts music very much. I like to help others. If you have any questions on English or some other subject, please ask me for help. Thats all, thank you. 　　小升初英文自我介绍2 　　Hello,everyone!My name is×××.I am fourteen years old.I am a student in Class Four,Grade Six in Yandong Town Primary School I am very glad to come here .I am a livey girl.I have many hobbies.I like Long jump,runningcomputer, Art and so on. Parhaps I am not the best,but I work hard,so I want to study in this school and I think I can. Thank you for listening to me! 　　小升初英文自我介绍3 　　Hello,everyone!Nice to meet you !My name is xx,I am fifteen years old .I am in class 197,xx school.As you see,I am a boy(haha),I am not so tall and not so strong.But I like very sport,for example,I like playing bing-bong ball、basketball、football and so on.Not only I like sport,but also I like learning,like math、physics.I like reading .I want to be a Scientists.Thank you. 　　小升初英文自我介绍4 　　My name is Li Haiqing. I am a local person who is 21years old. I am from chongqing and I am of the opinion that my hometown is a beautiful city. 　　Moreover, I would like to say something about my family. I have my mother ,my father,and my elder sisther,they love me very much,I know my parents have so much hops and dreams for me.So I must study well. 　　I have the confidence because I have such ability! I am kind-hearted, patient, outgoing and creative. I am a hard working student especially do the thing I am interested in. I will try my best to resolve any problem no matter how difficult it is. I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning. 　　In spare time, I like reading books, surfing on the Internet, listening to music like, classic, or light music, because they can make me feel relaxed. Nobody could keep on working efficiently, therefore proper amusement is a must. In addition, I insist on do some physical training such as running, and horizontal bar as well. By doing this, I can always stay healthy. 　　Thatu2019s all. Thank you for giving me such a valuable opportunity! 　　小升初英文自我介绍5 　　Hello everybody,Im xxxx.I am a lively and lovely girl/boy.I like sports very much,such as badminton.I usually play badminton with my classmates together after class.Playing badminton is not only physical exercise, and harvest friendship.We can get more joy in it.I love studying,too.English is my favourite subject.Because I have a dream,a great dream.It is to study abroad. 　　Now I work hard for my dream to learn English well.I also like other subjects.I feel that learning is a pleasure,isnt it? 　　In short,I am a love life, love of learning.This is a true self. 　　小升初英文自我介绍6 　　I have spent fifteen years in my life. So, this is my ninth year to study. By the way, my name is WengJingru. My father thought hard about my name. He consulted the dictionary two times to find how to name me. Of course, this name is very good and I like it very much. 　　Sometimes I think I am a little strange. Because I often think the world isn"t full of happiness. And I want to be different from others. I hate superficial people. But always I am very out-going and kind to others. I can"t say ‘no" to others. So I don"t know how to refuse. 　　I can"t see I am a pretty girl, but I am not an ugly person, either. I am very general. I can"t say too much about my appearance. 　　In this term, I make a little progress in my study. In my life, I have my parents" love, and many, many people"s love. I am happy. I achieved so much, and I also lost so much. 　　小升初英文自我介绍7 　　Good morning everyone! I am XX,from XX. We have known each other for some time, I m very pleased to make friends with you all.I also like singing but traveling is my favorite, I have been to many interesting places in China but I haven"t been to other countries. What a pity! 　　At school, I study Chinese,Math, English, Computer,and so on. I like all of them. I often help my teacher take care of my class and I think I am a good helper. I live with my parents and we go home on time every day. 　　When I am at home, I often help my mother do some housework and my mother said I am a good helper, too. My mother is a barber.She cuts hair very well.She is kind.Many people like her. she often teaches me the way of learning well, if you want to learn English well, here is some of my advice. At first , you must read many articles and know many words, if you meet up with some new words, you can look them up in the dictionary, you should know their meanings, how to read them and spell them. If you keep working hard, you will be successful. Then, you ought to speak English as much as possible. Remember an old saying, Nothing is impossible in the world if you put your heart into it. That"s all, thank you. 　　小升初英文自我介绍8 　　hello,everyone. My name is xxx and Im 12-year-old .I am Very pleased to be admitted to the Xicheng Foreign Language School. My favourite subject is Chinese and English. My hobby is blown flute and reading. There is also a very good Orchestra here. The school orchestra and this will allow me to learn a lot of knowledge in this three years. I want to study well. To give our parents and ourselves a satisfactory answer at this holiday. I took part in the training of the orchestra. Participated in the torch relay Task. I will Learn a lot and I hope that I can learn more knowledge at this secondary school. 　　小升初英文自我介绍9 　　I am a Chinese name is Luxy.I am twelve years old.I was born on April 28.I study in the class of 266 in the Fifth Middle favorite color is hobby is playing computer games.I like to eat egg and pear and drink milk for my lunch I like to eat chicken,radish(红萝卜)and apple.I like to take hamburger,fried potato and ice cream for my supper. 　　小升初英文自我介绍10 　　Hello，everyone. I am glad to introduce myself to all of you. My name is Lihua. I am an open-minded and sunshine girl. I hope to bring happiness and laughter to those around me. The motto of my life is to live actively and do something meaningful to our society. I have many hobbies, such as reading, listening to light music and playing basketball. My favorite is reading books, for this can help me get more knowledge and broaden my horizons. My idol is Zhouenlai, who is devoted and make great contributions to our country. I hope one day I can be such a person like him, to help as many people as I can. 　　小升初英文自我介绍11 　　Goodafternoon, teachers! Today, I`m very happy to make a speech here. Now, let me introduce myself. My name is ZhuRuijie. My English name is Molly. I`m 1. I come from Class1 Grade of TongPu No. Primary School. I`m an active girl. I like playing basketball. Because I tnk it`s very interesting. I`d like to eat potatoes. They`re tasty. My favourite colour is green. And I like math best. It`s fun. On the weekend, I like reading books in my room. I have a happy . My father is tall and strong.My mother is hard-working and tall, too. My brother is smart. And I`m a good student. My dream is to be a teacher, because I want to help the poor cldren in the future. Thank you for listening! Please remember me! 　　小升初英文自我介绍12 　　My Chinese name is Peng Wanjun and English name is Alice. Im a girl in my 12 years old. I like singing and acting. Besides, I like doing sports. Table tennis is my favorite sport. I have a brother and a sister. They are middle school students. I study in Xing Gong Primary School. Im in Class Two Grade Four. I have three best friends. They are Huang Yue, Xia Yu and Wang Tongtong. 　　We have many things in common. Do you like me? ;

AflamewaslitduringtheentireeventoftheOlympicsduringtheancientOlympicGameknownastheOlympicFlame.AnewflameislitusingaparabolicmirrortofocustheraysoftheSunattheancientOlympicStadiuminOlympia,Ellis,Greece.TheFlameisthentransportedtothehostcitywherethelastrunnerlightsthelargeOlympicCauldronbyitandthisburnsthroughouttheGames.TheFlameisextinguishedduringtheclosingceremony.TheOlympicFlamewasfirstlitduringtheopeningceremonyoftheIXOlympicGamesatAmsterdam,Netherlandsin1928.ThefirstOlympicTorchRelayoccurredatthe1936BerlinOlympicGames.圣火起源于古希腊神话传说。相传古希腊神普罗米修斯为解救饥寒交迫的人类，瞒着宙斯偷取火种带到人间。古希腊在每届奥运会举行以前，人们都要在赫拉神庙前点燃圣火。现代奥运会创立后，当圣火被点燃的那一刹那，本届奥运会圣火的传递活动即宣告圆满结束。随着奥运会的结束，本届奥运会圣火也将被熄灭。第一次火炬接力活动是从1936年柏林奥运会开始的

u3002

老兄呀 我从雅典找到巴塞罗那都没找到

回答; 一般过去时的被动语态形式是was/ were done。 如：My parents gave me a new computer as my birthday present.被动语态 →I was given a new computer as my birthday present.We were veryexcited as our team beat all the other teams in the game.被动语态 →We were veryexcited as all the other teams were beaten in the game.欢迎提问，乐意解答；愿你满意, 望你采纳。

奥运是我的目标~~~白

Beibei Jingjing Yingying Nini

欲骨查

record holder 纪录保持者 cut the record 打破纪录 record breaker 打破创造者 set a new record 创造新纪录 world record 世界纪录 champion 冠军 runner-up/the 2nd place 亚军 third place/the 3rd place 季军 medalist 奖牌获得者 gold medalist 金牌获得者 silver medalist 银牌获得者 bronze medalist 铜牌获得者 last eight 取得决赛权的八名选手 final result 决赛成绩 total points 总分 placement/ranking 名次，排名 final placing 决赛名次 medal tally 奖牌榜 lost to 败给 defeat 击败 win title 夺魁 go for gold 夺取金牌 defend title 卫冕 road to 进军 victory and ceremony/awarding ceremony 颁奖仪式 The victory ceremony for … will now take place 颁奖仪式现在开始 announce results 公布成绩 The medals will be presented in descending order-1st, 2nd, 3rd. 按第一名、第二名、第三名顺序颁发奖牌。 raise national flag and play national anthem 升国旗，奏国歌 mount the rostrum 登上颁奖台 sportsmanship trophy 风格奖 fair play trophy 公平竞赛奖 cup/trophy 奖杯 prize money 奖金 prize/trophy/award 奖品 awarding/ to present prize 颁发奖品 title 称号 undertake laps of honor 绕场一周向观众致意 国际奥委会 the International Olympic Committee (IOC) 申办城市 the bidding cities 候选城市 the candidate cities 申办2008年奥运会 bid for 2008 Olympics 主办2008年奥运会 host the 2008 Olympic Games 奥林匹克精神 the Olympic ideals; the Olympic spirit 世界奥林匹克日 the International Olympic Day 环境保护 environmental protection/environmental conservation 北京四环路 the fourth ring road in Beijing 城市基础设施建设 the city"s infrastructure construction 最后的投票 make the final vote 绿色奥运 the Green Olympics 科技奥运 the Scientific Games 奥林匹克运动会 Olympics 赛跑 race 滑冰 skating 跳水 diving 游泳 swim 举重 weight lifting 足球 soccerfootball 篮球 basketball 排球 volleyball Aquatics（水上运动） Swimming 游泳 freestyle 自由泳 backstroke 仰泳 breaststroke 蛙泳 butterfly 蝶泳 individual medley 个人混合泳 freestyle relay 自由泳接力 medley relay 混合泳接力 Water polo 水球 Diving 跳水 10m platform event 十米跳台 3m springboard event 三米跳板 synchronised diving from 10 m platform 双人十米跳台 synchronised diving from 3 m springboard 双人三米跳板 Synchronised swimming 花样游泳 Archery（射箭） Individual events 个人赛 Team events 团体赛 Athletics（田径） Track 径赛 100 m, 200 m, 400 m 100米，200米，400米 800 m, 1,500 m, 5,000 m, 10,000 m 800米，1500米，5,000米，10,000米 110 m hurdles, 400 m hurdles 110米栏，400米栏 3,000 m steeplechase 3000米障碍赛 4 x 100 m relay, 4 x 400 m relay 4×100米接力，4×400米接力 Jumping 跳跃 high jump 跳高 pole vault 撑杆跳高 long jump 跳远 triple jump 三级跳远 Throwing 投掷 shot put 推铅球 discus 掷铁饼 hammer 掷链球 javelin 标枪 Decathlon 男子十项全能 Heptathlon 女子七项全能 Road events 公路赛 marathon 马拉松 walk 竞走 Ball Games（球类运动） Badminton 羽毛球 men"s singles 男子单打 women"s singles 女子单打 men"s doubles 男子双打 women"s doubles 女子双打 mixed doubles 混合双打 Baseball 棒球 Basketball 篮球 Football 足球 Handball 手球 Hockey / Field Hockey 曲棍球 Softball 垒球 Table Tennis 乒乓球 Tennis 网球 Volleyball 排球 Beach Volleyball 沙滩排球 Cycling（自行车） Road cycling 公路自行车赛 Track cycling 场地自行车赛 sprint 追逐赛 time trial 计时赛 points race 计分赛 pursuit 争先赛 Mountain bike 山地自行车赛 ＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝ 奥运会Olympic Games 奥运会选拔赛Olympic Trial 国际奥委会International Olympic Committee 奥运会会歌Olympic Anthem 奥运火炬Olympic Torch 奥运会代表团Olympic Delegation 奥运村Olympic Village 组委会organization committee 开幕式opening ceremony 闭幕式closing ceremony 吉祥物mascot 颁奖台podium 奥林匹克运动会 Olympics 赛跑 race 滑冰 skating 跳水 diving 游泳 swim 举重 weight lifting 足球 soccerfootball 篮球 basketball 排球 volleyball Aquatics（水上运动） Swimming 游泳 freestyle 自由泳 backstroke 仰泳 breaststroke 蛙泳 butterfly 蝶泳 individual medley 个人混合泳 freestyle relay 自由泳接力 medley relay 混合泳接力 Water polo 水球 Diving 跳水 10m platform event 十米跳台 3m springboard event 三米跳板 synchronised diving from 10 m platform 双人十米跳台 synchronised diving from 3 m springboard 双人三米跳板 Synchronised swimming 花样游泳 Archery（射箭） Individual events 个人赛 Team events 团体赛 Athletics（田径） Track 径赛 100 m, 200 m, 400 m 100米，200米，400米 800 m, 1,500 m, 5,000 m, 10,000 m 800米，1500米，5,000米，10,000米 110 m hurdles, 400 m hurdles 110米栏，400米栏 3,000 m steeplechase 3000米障碍赛 4 x 100 m relay, 4 x 400 m relay 4×100米接力，4×400米接力 Jumping 跳跃 high jump 跳高 pole vault 撑杆跳高 long jump 跳远 triple jump 三级跳远 Throwing 投掷 shot put 推铅球 discus 掷铁饼 hammer 掷链球 javelin 标枪 Decathlon 男子十项全能 Heptathlon 女子七项全能 Road events 公路赛 marathon 马拉松 walk 竞走 Ball Games（球类运动） Badminton 羽毛球 men"s singles 男子单打 women"s singles 女子单打 men"s doubles 男子双打 women"s doubles 女子双

指通常还是专门08奥运的？Olympic TorchOlympic torches are used, together with miners lamps, for transporting the Olympic Flame from Olympia (Greece) to the Host City, up to the Olympic stadium. (See Olympic Charter Rule 18)－－－－－－－The Beijing Olympic torch relay will reach the world"s highest peak, cover the longest distance, and involve the most people in Games history, it was announced last night. The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad (BOCOG) unveiled its torch relay route and the torch - a red and silver cloud-design tube shaped like a Chinese scroll. "As the prelude to the Games, the torch relay is one of the most important ceremonies and a major means to spread and promote the Olympic spirit," BOCOG President Liu Qi said at the launching ceremony at the China Millennium Monument in Beijing. The Olympic torch will be carried across all five continents, along the ancient "Silk Road" and 135 cities, covering 137,000 kilometers over 130 days, the longest time the flame has ever been carried. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) praised the planned route. "By traveling along the "Silk Road", a symbol of ancient trade links between China and the rest of the world, crossing the five continents and going to new places, the Beijing 2008 Torch Relay will, as its theme says, be a "journey of harmony", bringing friendship and respect to people of different nationalities, races and creeds," IOC President Jacques Rogge said. "I have no doubt the Beijing 2008 Olympic Torch Relay will leave many extraordinary memories and create new dreams for people around the world." The Olympic flame will be lit in Olympia, Greece on March 25, 2008. From March 25 to 30, the torch will travel across Greece, ending at the Panathinaiko Stadium, the site of the first modern Olympic Games in 1896. After a handover ceremony in the stadium, the flame will arrive in Beijing on March 31. The world Olympic partners Coca-Cola, Samsung and Lenovo will be the sponsors for the relay. One of the highlights of this leg will be the attempt to bring the Olympic flame in May to the highest peak in the world - Mount Qomolangma. "Lifting the Olympic flame to the peak of the world is one of our commitments in the bidding, which shows our respect to the Olympics," BOCOG Executive Vice-President Jiang Xiaoyu, said. "To reach the peak of the mountain, athletes and torchbearers should make great efforts, which is in line with the Olympic spirit of "higher, stronger and faster"." BOCOG said carrying the Olympic flame to Mount Qomolangma would not affect the natural environment there. "Green Olympics is one of the three concepts of the Beijing Games, we have issued special environmental protection manual for Mount Qomolangma," Jiang said. "The passing on the mountain will be a journey of green."

国际保龄球联盟 Federation Internationale des Quilleurs(FIQ) 世界十瓶保龄球联合会 World Tenpin Bowling Association(WTBA) 全中 strike 连续两次全中 double 连续三次全中 triple 补中 spare 失误 error 分瓶（技术球） split 死球 dead ball 犯规 foul 慢投球 slow bowling 记分 scoring the game 记分表 score sheet 一局 one game 一格 one frame 一节 one block 最高局分 high game 平均分 average 全中位 impact points

伦敦2012年奥运会火炬接力

1、But we have many problems。The duty is not just for the Chinese governmental Chinese people should do their best to welcome the beginning of BEIJING OLYMPIC GAMES! 2、It"s the polluted world, a dirty world, caused by our irresponsible behaviors, that makes those lovely animals cry. Many of us are smart enough to know how terrible it is to have a world without animals and plants. But some people still persist in making the same errors and harming the environment. 3、with a concept inspired by the famed Silk Road, our Torch Relay will break new ground, traveling from Olympia through some of the oldest civilizations known to man-Greek, Indian and Chinese. Carrying the message “Share the peace, Share the Olympics. “ The flame will pass through Tibet, cross the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers Travel the Great Wall and visit Taiwan and the 56 Ethnic communities who make up our society. 4、 With a concept inspired by the famed Silk Road, our Torch Relay will break new ground, traveling from Olympia through some of the oldest civilizations known to man-Greek, Indian and Chinese. Carrying the message “Share the peace, Share the Olympics. “ The flame will pass through Tibet, cross the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, Travel the Great Wall and visit Taiwan and the 56 Ethnic communities who make up our society. On its journey, the flame will be seen by and inspire more human beings than any previous relay. 1、 Today is May, 28, 2007! How time flies! Very quickly 2008BEIJING is coming OLYMPIC GAMES! The friends of all over the world will come to China. Let us meet in BEIJING in 2008! But we have many problems。The duty is not just for the Chinese governmental Chinese people should do their best to welcome the beginning of BEIJING OLYMPIC GAMES! the 2008 Beijing Olympic is a chance to let all world to know china, so the Chinese government and all Chinese people hope we this games should be the best one in the history! “ONE WORLD.ONE DREAM!” this is the belief of 2008 Beijing Olympic games! It"s the game that lets us know each other! It"s also a time to make friends! That"s all, Thank you! 2、Improving Beijing"s environment for the Olympics Ladies and gentlemen: Good morning! Today, the title of my speech is Improving Beijing"s environment for the Olympics. Have you ever seen animals cry? Do you know what makes them cry? It"s the polluted world, a dirty world, caused by our irresponsible behaviors, that makes those lovely animals cry. Many of us are smart enough to know how terrible it is to have a world without animals and plants. But some people still persist in making the same errors and harming the environment. What"s worse is that people are eating wild animals. Those people don"t know, and more importantly, they don"t want to know. This kind of behavior has caused some specific problems. For example, medical experts have suggested that eating wild animals helped spread the terrible disease SARS. Now, our world is no longer clean and beautiful. Why? Because air, water, and noise pollution has become more and more serious. Noise pollution makes us talk more loudly and become angry more easily. Water pollution makes our rivers and lakes very dirty. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. Both air pollution and water pollution are not only dangerous to our health, but also dangerous to animals and plants. We"re destroying our only world. A large number of trees have been cut down, so a lot of lands have been turned into deserts. Pollution can be seen everywhere! Unquestionably it is essential that we clean up our environment. Sadly, we"ve not always appreciated the importance of protecting the environment. On the streets, you can see cars producing smog. In the bathrooms, you can see students leaving the water tap on after using them. Not only the young people, but also the elderly ones throw things everywhere without thinking its wrong, even in a beautiful park. These things are taking place every day, even in modern cities like Beijing. We can"t do that any more. We must learn how to protect the environment. If everyone is aware of protecting it instead of destroying it, the world can become cleaner, more beautiful, and more peaceful. The theme of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games is "New Peking, New Olympic". It"s the target owned by every Chinese. We should try our best to improve Beijing"s environment for Olympics. Let"s begin to act! First, start with the things around you. Don"t throw rubbish onto the road. Don"t talk loudly when you are outdoors. Turn off the water tap after using it. Go to school by bike or by bus instead of by private car. Save your pocket money and contribute to environmental protection organizations. Take me as an example; I take action in order to make our only world full of happiness. I pick up rubbish and throw it into a trashcan. I collect waste paper or bottles for recycling. I plant more trees and flowers, and so on. If you do all these things just like me, it means you have done something useful to improve the environment. We"re grateful, because the emblem of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games is a precious treasure dedicated to the Olympic Movement by the people of China. Under the guidance of the Olympic spirit, let us do a better job in all fields of our preparation and venue construction work in an efficient way. We will combine the Olympic Movement with the latest technology and advanced culture to make the Beijing Games the best Olympic Games ever! Welcome to Beijing! Thank you. 3、 China has its own sport legends. Back to Song Dynasty, People started to play a game called Cajun, which is regarded as THE origin of Ancient football. So now, you will understand why our women football team is so good today with a concept inspired by the famed Silk Road, our Torch Relay will break new ground, traveling from Olympia through some of the oldest civilizations known to man-Greek, Indian and Chinese. Carrying the message “Share the peace, Share the Olympics. “ The flame will pass through Tibet, cross the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers Travel the Great Wall and visit Taiwan and the 56 Ethnic communities who make up our society. On its journey, the flame will be seen by and inspire more human beings than any previous relay. I am afraid I cannot prevent the whole picture of our cultural programs within such a short period of time. Actually, what we have shown you here today is only a fraction of Beijing that awaits you. Ladies and gentlemen, I believe that Beijing will prove to be a land of wonders to athletes, spectators and the worldwide television audience alike. Come and join us. Thank you. Thank you all.4、.With a concept inspired by the famed Silk Road, our Torch Relay will break new ground, traveling from Olympia through some of the oldest civilizations known to man-Greek, Indian and Chinese. Carrying the message “Share the peace, Share the Olympics. “ The flame will pass through Tibet, cross the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers Travel the Great Wall and visit Taiwan and the 56 Ethnic communities who make up our society. On its journey, the flame will be seen by and inspire more human beings than any previous relay. I am afraid I cannot prevent the whole picture of our cultural programs within such a short period of time. Actually, what we have shown you here today is only a fraction of Beijing that awaits you. Ladies and gentlemen, I believe that Beijing will prove to be a land of wonders to athletes, spectators and the worldwide television audience alike. Come and join us. Thank you. Thank you all. 5、China has its own sport legends. Back to Song Dynasty, People started to play a game called Cajun, which is regarded as the origin of Ancient football. So now, you will understand why our women football team is so good today. With a concept inspired by the famed Silk Road, our Torch Relay will break new ground, traveling from Olympia through some of the oldest civilizations known to man-Greek, Indian and Chinese. Carrying the message “Share the peace, Share the Olympics. “ The flame will pass through Tibet, cross the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, Travel the Great Wall and visit Taiwan and the 56 Ethnic communities who make up our society. On its journey, the flame will be seen by and inspire more human beings than any previous relay. I am afraid I cannot prevent the whole picture of our cultural programs within such a short period of time. Actually, what we have shown you here today is only a fraction of Beijing that awaits you. Ladies and gentlemen, I believe that Beijing will prove to be a land of wonders to athletes, spectators and the worldwide television audience alike. Come and join us. Thank you. Thank you all. 6、Environment improving for Olympics the Beijing Municipal government has issued a timetable for improving the city before the start of the 2008 Olympics. By June next year, more than three hundred illegal（违法的） buildings will be demolished（拆除）. The planning of outdoor advertising boards in the city will be finished before the National Day holiday. And by the end of November, areas beside the railway and light-rail（轻轨） within the city"s fifth ring（五环） road, will be covered with trees and grass. The outside of buildings that face the street will be washed and repainted before 2008. 7、 China has its own sport legends. Back to Song Dynasty, People started to play a game called Cajun, which is regarded as the origin of Ancient football. So now, you will understand why our women football team is so good today. With a concept inspired by the famed Silk Road, our Torch Relay will break new ground, traveling from Olympia through some of the oldest civilizations known to man-Greek, Indian and Chinese. Carrying the message “Share the peace, Share the Olympics. “ The flame will pass through Tibet, cross the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers Travel the Great Wall and visit Taiwan and the 56 Ethnic communities who make up our society. On its journey, the flame will be seen by and inspire more human beings than any previous relay. I am afraid I cannot prevent the whole picture of our cultural programs within such a short period of time. Actually, what we have shown you here today is only a fraction of Beijing that awaits you. Ladies and gentlemen, I believe that Beijing will prove to be a land of wonders to athletes, spectators and the worldwide television audience alike. Come and join us. Thank you. Thank you all. 8、《New Beijing，the Three-Colored New Olympics》 Good afternoon ，ladies and gentlemen. Bidding for the Olympic Games is, in a way, an image-creating undertaking. The first and foremost thing is to let people fall in love with the city at first sight, attracting them by its unique image. What image does Beijing intend to create for itself once it has the opportunity to host the 2008 Olympics? It is known to all that the Beijing Municipal Government has already set the theme for the future games: New Beijing, Great Olympics. For me, the 2008 Olympics will be a great green Olympics illuminated with two more special colors: yellow and red. First, yellow is a meaningful color. The Yellow River is China"s mother river and the cradle of Chinese civilization. We are of the yellow race and descendants of the Yellow Emperor. This color has a special origin and great significance for the Chinese people. Beijing is the capital of New China and previously the capital for nine dynasties in Chinese history. So, yellow will naturally add splendor to the 2008 Games. Secondly, the 2008 Olympics will be a red pageant. Red is another traditionally cherished color for the whole country. We adore red. On big occasions, we like to decorate our homes in red. It is the color of double happiness, representing joyous moments, auspiciousness, enthusiasm and prosperity. Red is one of the most suitable colors to describe the future of Beijing. Beijing, together with the whole country, is becoming more and more prosperous in the process of modernization. Above all, the 2008 Olympics will be a green Olympics. Adding the green ingredient is essential in creating an appealing image, as we can"t deny the fact that Beijing, at the moment, is not as green a city as what we like it to be. Striving for an environmentally appealing city has become a central task for all the citizens of Beijing. Big efforts have been made in pollution control, replanting and beautification of the city. Certainly, all of this is no easy task. But I am sure that all of us have confidence that we will realize these green goals. For now we have the full support and participation of the environmentally conscious citizens. Each citizen is showing great concern for every one of the steps the city government takes. As the saying goes, “United, we stand,” and a green Beijing will be achieved. When our aspiration becomes reality, it will be a unique Olympics. New Beijing, Great Olympics will be weaved of these three superb colors: yellow, red and green. Let us welcome it and look forward to it! Thank you!

A 试题分析：句意：三天后，火炬手在浙江省宁波市开始传递。Take up着手开始，开始（从事于）；pick up捡起，好转，接人；bring up教育，培养；put up张贴，搭起。选A。

一般过去时的被动语态的构成是：was/were+过去分词 u261e u2667手工翻译u2600尊重劳动u2600欢迎提问u2600感谢采纳u2667 u261c

奥利匹克火炬传递可以追溯到古代奥利匹克时代

A.lost 是正确的

其实是一样的。只是有的亮油，打底不牢，不能当透明指甲油用，比如sechevite。打底要用底油。亮油可以单独涂的。

http://www.puyue.org/bbs/read.php?tid=2327我下下来，不知道怎么打开。抱歉啊，你试试看看啊。好象下载之前要注册。我注册了一个，用户名vacuum 密码800606你登陆看看。

select * from tsrate_tj where date_format(ts_date,"%Y-%m-%d") in (LAST_DAY(STR_TO_DATE("2012-01","%Y-%m-%d")),LAST_DAY(STR_TO_DATE("2012-02","%Y-%m-%d")),LAST_DAY(STR_TO_DATE("2012-03","%Y-%m-%d")),LAST_DAY(STR_TO_DATE("2012-04","%Y-%m-%d")),LAST_DAY(STR_TO_DATE("2012-05","%Y-%m-%d")),LAST_DAY(STR_TO_DATE("2012-06","%Y-%m-%d")),LAST_DAY(STR_TO_DATE("2012-07","%Y-%m-%d")),LAST_DAY(STR_TO_DATE("2012-08","%Y-%m-%d")),LAST_DAY(STR_TO_DATE("2012-09","%Y-%m-%d")),LAST_DAY(STR_TO_DATE("2012-10","%Y-%m-%d")),LAST_DAY(STR_TO_DATE("2012-11,"%Y-%m-%d")),LAST_DAY(STR_TO_DATE("2012-12","%Y-%m-%d")) );当然了 in 里面的条件可以用程序循环拼出来，年和月 看你具体的业务需求；需要别的条件就 继续 and；至于你要查什么，把*换掉你想要的就OK了；分页的话 直接在后面加 LIMIT。希望能帮到你，望采纳！

歌曲名:penguin attack歌手:gwar专辑:carnival of chaosTHEY ATTACKTHEY ATTACKThey are on a rampageUnleashed from ancient timeStumbling from the ice ageMarching side by sideBeaks of steel are flamingWomen are enragedSky of death is flamingWomen get engagedThey were born of atomic steelLife and death to them seemed so unrealSlashing at the rampartsHurling ton"s of shotShopping now at Wal MartSmoking tons of potThey are on a rampageGwarThey were first to fightThey would write a new pageIf they could only writeThey were born of atomic steelThey attackLife and death to them was so unrealThey attackC"mon baby, kick "em in the ding - dingTrouble on the double"s what it b-b-b-b bring bringThey were born of atomic steelThey attackIt"s a penguin attackSo get backThey were born of atomic steelLife and death to them was so unrealThey attack.armored phalanxesflanking maneuversvomiting terrorGibsons and HooversKicked in the headjust to make surewe chopped up their deadIt"s a penguin attackThey were born of atomic steelLife and death to them was so unrealStumbling from the ice ageThey were last in flightThey would write a new pageIf they could only writeRumbling from the ice ageThey were last in lineThey would start a new ageIf they could just take timeIt"s a penguin attackC"mon baby, kick him in the ding-dingTrouble on the double"s what it b-b-b-b-bring bringThey attackIt"s a penguin attackThey were born of atomic steelThey attackLife and death to them was so unrealThey attackhttp://music.baidu.com/song/14083864

破云2吞海银姐是毒枭的女儿。《破云2吞海》是完结于晋江中文网的一本近代现代类网络小说，作者是淮上。作品简介那些窥探的触角隐藏在互联网浪潮中，无处不在，生生不息，正逐渐将现代社会的每个角落淹没至顶。“深渊中隐藏着庞大、复杂、根深蒂固的犯罪网，‘马里亚纳海沟"远比警方所知的更加深邃，却又近在你我身后”。津海市公安局新来的吴雩温和懦弱、寡言少语，对来自严厉上司的刁难毫不在意，只想做个按时领工资混饭吃的背景板。没人知道这个年轻人有一颗被毒枭重金悬赏的项上头颅，和曾经深渊屠龙的少年肝胆。

1. 关于中秋节的诗句英文翻译(中秋节英语的诗句) 关于中秋节的诗句英文翻译(中秋节英语的诗句) 1.中秋节英语的诗句 From a pot of wine among the flowers I drank alone. There was no one with me. 举杯邀明月，对影成三人。 Till, raising my cup , I asked the bright moon to bring me my shadow and make us three. 月既不解饮，影徒随我身。 Alas, the moon was unable to drink and my shadow tagged me vacantly； 暂伴月将影，行乐须及春。 But still for a while I had these friends to cheer me through the end of spring. 我歌月徘徊，我舞影零乱。 I sang. The moon encouraged me. I danced. My shadow tumbled after. 醒时同交欢，醉后各分散。 As long as I knew , we were boon companions. And then I was drunk, and we lost one another. 永结无情游，相期邈云汉。 Shall goodwill ever be secure? I watch the long road of the river of stars. 八月十五夜月 In August fifteen the moon 杜甫 Du Fu 满月飞明镜，归心折大刀。 The full moon fly der, centering fold. 转蓬行地远，攀桂仰天高。 Clothes line far, climbing, sky high. 水路疑霜雪，林栖见羽毛。 Waterway suspected frost, arboreal see feather. 此时瞻白兔，直欲数秋毫。 Now look white, straight to number of autumn hair. 十五夜望月 Fifteen nights moon 王建 Wang Jian 中庭地白树栖鸦，冷露无声湿桂花。 Atrium white arboreal crow, wet cold silent dew fragrans. 今夜月明人尽望，不知秋思落谁家！ The moon tonight as the hope, not yearning falls whose home！ 南斋玩月 South Zhai moon 王昌龄 Wang Changling 高卧南斋时，开帷月初吐。 Lying on a high seat in the South study, we have lifted the curtain-and we see the rising moon. 清辉澹水木，演漾在窗户。 Clear and Mizuki, acting overflow in windows. 荏苒几盈虚，澄澄变今古。 How few Yingxu, Rachel variable heritage. 美人清江畔，是夜越吟苦。 Our chosen one, our friend, is now by a limpid river. Singing, perhaps, a plaintive Eastern song. 千里共如何，微风吹兰杜。 Common how thousands of miles, breeze blows Lan Du. 中秋月 Autumn Moon 苏轼 Su Shi 暮云收尽溢清寒，银汉无声转玉盘。 Evening clouds withdrawn, pure cold air floods the sky; the river of stars mute, a jade plate turns on high. 此生此夜不长好，明月明年何处看。 How oft can we enjoy a fine mid-autumn night? Where shall we view next year silver moon so bright.。 2.有关中秋节的诗词并有英语翻译 《中秋》 （唐）李朴 皓魄当空宝镜升，云间仙籁寂无声；平分秋色一轮满，长伴云衢千里明；狡兔空从弦外落，妖蟆休向眼前生；灵槎拟约同携手，更待银河彻底清。 《八月十五夜玩月》 （唐）刘禹锡 天将今夜月，一遍洗寰瀛。暑退九霄净，秋澄万景清。 星辰让光彩，风露发晶英。能变人间世，攸然是玉京。 《水调歌头》 （宋）苏东坡 丙辰中秋，欢饮达旦。大醉，作此篇，兼怀子由。 明月几时有？把酒问青天。不知天上宫阙，今夕是何年？我欲乘风归去，又恐琼楼玉宇，高处不胜寒！起舞弄清影，何似在人间？ 转朱阁，低绮户，照无眠。 不应有恨，何事长向别时圆？人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，此事古难全。但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。 中秋月 （宋）苏轼 暮云收尽溢清寒，银汉无声转玉盘，此生此夜不长好，明月明年何处看。《太常引》 （宋）辛弃疾 一轮秋影转金波，飞镜又重磨。 把酒问姮娥：被白发欺人奈何！乘风好去，长空万里，直下看山河。斫去桂婆娑。 人道是清光更多。台湾民谣：《中秋旅思》 孤影看分雁，千金念弊貂；故乡秋忆月，异国夜惊潮。 手未攀丹桂，以犹卷缘蕉；登楼悲作赋，西望海天遥。《月夜思乡》星稀月冷逸银河，万籁无声自啸歌；何处关山家万里，夜来枨触客愁多。 《煎熬》夜深沉，明月高挂天正中，寂无声；睡眼朦胧，恍若梦中；生卧徘徊以不宁，故国家园萦脑中；苦煎熬，归去成空，如焚王衷。 "Mid-Autumn Festival" (Tang) Lee Park When air Bao Hao sent up clouds of pipe Death cents silent; In terms of a full, long Pan Yun Qu Li Ming; Xiaochan string alighting from the air, monster frog to take immediate health; Ling fell to about the same work, to be more thorough-Galaxy. "August 15 night moon" (Tang) Liu Yuxi Days Tonight, again washing atlanto-ying. Net platform summer retreat, Qiu Cheng King-10000. Stars to honor the wind Lu Jing Ying. The world can change the world, yes-Youran Beijing. "Prelude" (SONG) Su Dongpo Bing-chen Zhongqiu, Potion of Dan. Staggered, when the make, and of the Wye. Moon? Wine Q blue sky. I wonder if the sky palace，象what years? I go back to Feng, Qionglouyuyu fear, Glory! Dance Show understand, how in the world like? To Zhu Ge, low-chi households, as without sleep. There should be no hate, what happens when another round of the? Everyday people, on a circular course of missing, the whole matter of difficulty. So, Trinidad total Chan. The Moon (SONG) Sushi Jia Yi tasks to do, Yin silent to the plate, This is not long for this night, to see where the bright moon next year. "Now primer" (SONG) Xin Qiji A video autumn to Jinbo, and re-mirror grinding. Wine Q Heng-e: The hair deceptive regrettable! Good to Feng, the sky Wanli, Occurring Directly Beneath Big see mountains and rivers. To use GUI theater. Yes-more-humane. Taiwan folk songs: "Mid-Autumn brigade thinking" Hier of the wild, daughter read Inspector General; Qiu Yi hometown, the influx of foreign hostility. Hand did not pan osmanthus, Utah Vol margin banana; Fu went to grief, remote west sea and the sky. "Moonlight homesickness" Lean on Star Plaza Galaxy cold, silent since Wan Lai Xiao Song; Commissioner Hill home where Wanli, colors and more practical touch off sorrows. "Torments" Deep, Mingyue hoisted Tengen, Silent Death; Obscurity sleepy, Back dream; Lying to the restless wandering, subdued home ying brain; Suffering from, go back into space, the co-incineration。 3.关于中秋节的谚语 诗句 （英文） 关于中秋节的谚语 诗句有： 【1】People on every occasion, especially on Mid-Autumn festival particularly bright. 【2】 Several strike stay long, xiao wind Mid-Autumn festival. 【3】To better half clear autumn, window containing the moon is round 起源 关于中秋节的起源，说法较多。中秋一词，最早见于《周礼》，《礼记·月令》上说：“仲秋之月养衰老，行糜粥饮食。” 一说它起源于古代帝王的祭祀活动。《礼记》上记载：“天子春朝日，秋夕月”，夕月就是祭月亮，说明早在春秋时代，帝王就已开始祭月、拜月了。后来贵族官吏和文人学士也相继仿效，逐步传到民间。 二是中秋节的起源和农业生产有关。秋天是收获的季节。“秋”字的解释是：“庄稼成熟曰秋”。八月中秋，农作物和各种果品陆续成熟，农民为了庆祝丰收，表达喜悦的心情，就以“中秋”这天作为节日。“中秋”就是秋天中间的意思，农历的八月是秋季中间的一个月，十五日又是这个月中间的一天，所以中秋节可能是古人“秋报”遗传下来的习俗。 也有历史学家研究指出，中秋节起源应为隋末唐军于大业十三年八月十五日，唐军裴寂以圆月作为构思，成功发明月饼，并广发军中作为军饷，成功解决因大量吸收反隋义军而衍生之军粮问题。 4.有关中秋节的诗词并有英语翻译 《中秋》 （唐）李朴皓魄当空宝镜升，云间仙籁寂无声；平分秋色一轮满，长伴云衢千里明；狡兔空从弦外落，妖蟆休向眼前生；灵槎拟约同携手，更待银河彻底清。 《八月十五夜玩月》 （唐）刘禹锡天将今夜月，一遍洗寰瀛。暑退九霄净，秋澄万景清。 星辰让光彩，风露发晶英。能变人间世，攸然是玉京。 《水调歌头》 （宋）苏东坡丙辰中秋，欢饮达旦。大醉，作此篇，兼怀子由。 明月几时有？把酒问青天。不知天上宫阙，今夕是何年？我欲乘风归去，又恐琼楼玉宇，高处不胜寒！起舞弄清影，何似在人间？ 转朱阁，低绮户，照无眠。 不应有恨，何事长向别时圆？人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，此事古难全。但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。 中秋月（宋）苏轼暮云收尽溢清寒，银汉无声转玉盘，此生此夜不长好，明月明年何处看。《太常引》 （宋）辛弃疾一轮秋影转金波，飞镜又重磨。 把酒问姮娥：被白发欺人奈何！乘风好去，长空万里，直下看山河。斫去桂婆娑。 人道是清光更多。台湾民谣：《中秋旅思》 孤影看分雁，千金念弊貂；故乡秋忆月，异国夜惊潮。 手未攀丹桂，以犹卷缘蕉；登楼悲作赋，西望海天遥。《月夜思乡》星稀月冷逸银河，万籁无声自啸歌；何处关山家万里，夜来枨触客愁多。 《煎熬》夜深沉，明月高挂天正中，寂无声；睡眼朦胧，恍若梦中；生卧徘徊以不宁，故国家园萦脑中；苦煎熬，归去成空，如焚王衷。 "Mid-Autumn Festival" (Tang) Lee Park When air Bao Hao sent up clouds of pipe Death cents silent; In terms of a full, long Pan Yun Qu Li Ming; Xiaochan string alighting from the air, monster frog to take immediate health; Ling fell to about the same work, to be more thorough-Galaxy. "August 15 night moon" (Tang) Liu Yuxi Days Tonight, again washing atlanto-ying. Net platform summer retreat, Qiu Cheng King-10000. Stars to honor the wind Lu Jing Ying. The world can change the world, yes-Youran Beijing. "Prelude" (SONG) Su Dongpo Bing-chen Zhongqiu, Potion of Dan. Staggered, when the make, and of the Wye. Moon? Wine Q blue sky. I wonder if the sky palace，象what years? I go back to Feng, Qionglouyuyu fear, Glory! Dance Show understand, how in the world like? To Zhu Ge, low-chi households, as without sleep. There should be no hate, what happens when another round of the? Everyday people, on a circular course of missing, the whole matter of difficulty. So, Trinidad total Chan. The Moon (SONG) Sushi Jia Yi tasks to do, Yin silent to the plate, This is not long for this night, to see where the bright moon next year. "Now primer" (SONG) Xin Qiji A video autumn to Jinbo, and re-mirror grinding. Wine Q Heng-e: The hair deceptive regrettable! Good to Feng, the sky Wanli, Occurring Directly Beneath Big see mountains and rivers. To use GUI theater. Yes-more-humane. Taiwan folk songs: "Mid-Autumn brigade thinking" Hier of the wild, daughter read Inspector General; Qiu Yi hometown, the influx of foreign hostility. Hand did not pan osmanthus, Utah Vol margin banana; Fu went to grief, remote west sea and the sky. "Moonlight homesickness" Lean on Star Plaza Galaxy cold, silent since Wan Lai Xiao Song; Commissioner Hill home where Wanli, colors and more practical touch off sorrows. "Torments" Deep, Mingyue hoisted Tengen, Silent Death; Obscurity sleepy, Back dream; Lying to the restless wandering, subdued home ying brain; Suffering from, go back into space, the co-incineration。 5.要五个有关于中秋节的英语句子 1 Without you, the moon is round though my heart is empty. 没有你在我身边，天上月圆圆，我心却空落落。 2 East or west, home is best. 金窝，银窝不如自己的狗窝。 3 The moon cake is eaten away, but the sweetness remains. 月饼已吃，甜蜜犹存 4 Where we love is home, home that our feet may leave, but not our hearts. 家是我们情之所系的地方，虽只身在外，但心系家园。 5 When we are together, even the moon in the sky will be jealousy. 如果我们在一起 ，天上的月亮也会嫉妒的。 6 My dear, can you hear my heart beating in the soft moonlight? I miss you so. 在月色廖人的夜里，我是如此的想念你，亲爱的你听到我的心跳了吗？ 7 To have a moonlight walk with you tonight is my best dream. 今晚和你在月光中散步是我最大的梦想。 8 Still remember the happy time on Mid-autumn Festival when we were children? Best wishes for you! 还记得儿时我们共度的那个中秋吗？ 祝你节日快乐。 9 Would you like to go and admire the beauty of the moon with me tonight? 今晚能邀你一同赏月吗？ 10 Wish you and yours a happy holiday on this gathering day. 在这团聚的日子里祝你全家节日快乐。 你好，望采纳。 6.关于中秋节的英文诗.要有翻译.自己写的也行 《水调歌头》 （宋）苏东坡 明月几时有？把酒问青天。 不知天上宫阙，今夕是何年？ 我欲乘风归去，又恐琼楼玉宇， 高处不胜寒！起舞弄清影，何似在人间？ 转朱阁，低绮户，照无眠。 不应有恨，何事长向别时圆？ 人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，此事古难全。 但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。 翻译∶ "Thinking of You" When will the moon be clear and bright? With a cup of wine in my hand, I ask the blue sky. I don"t know what season it would be in the heavens on this night. I"d like to ride the wind to fly home. Yet I fear the crystal and jade mansions are much too high and cold for me. Dancing with my moon-lit shadow It does not seem like the human world The moon rounds the red mansion Stoops to silk-pad doors Shines upon the sleepless Bearing no grudge Why does the moon tend to be full when people are apart? People may have sorrow or joy, be near or far apart The moon may be dim or bright, wax or wane This has been going on since the beginning of time May we all be blessed with longevity Though far apart, we are still able to share the beauty of the moon together.

wwan/fcm,两用插槽可以插个迅盘，还有就是好像是什么3g用的,刚好昨天拆机看了，显示器边上就是右上角那也有一个！我的插了什么不知道o(∩_∩)o...好像是上网用的。右上角的找到了是个蓝牙模块呵呵呵！！！！

这是内容部分：your presentation will surprise them!To begin with, it"s better to know that there are millions of different types of presentation:text, pictures, video, talking pad, slideless, stick figures and a quiet presentationonly text: YOU CAN DO a lot of crazy things with text, such as sinking feeling or cutting.Learn to USE LARGE FONTS,but small is also elegant.WORD can explain a lot.Just as Steve Jobs in 1998 said, people don"t know what they want until you show it to thempictures:a picture is worth 1,000 words, every picture tells a story.video: if a picture is worth 1,000 words, video is worth 30,000 words every second!VIDEO IS PRESENT: every minute, ten hours of video is uploaded.video is: easier, faster, time bound, action, accessible and funone more skill for you:slideless!everyone does slides: teachers, politicians and preachers.wait…do they use slides?go slideless.speaking directly is more compelling.audience"s focus on you not on screen.give it a try.stick figures: are you excited about presentations?quiet presentation:do you really have to speak during presentation?you can doesn"t mean you should.create a simple presentation: change slide transition from manual(click) to auto transition& time each slide carefully. add some really good music if you want.I tried it and it worked wonderfully well.talking pad:Seth Godin said, the modern talking pad: I think this is a big idea, but your mileage may vary1.create a presentation (graphs, images, a few words to anchor a discussion) on every page2.remove some of the information 3.print the presentationwhen you make your presentation, sit next to the person you"re meeting with and go through the booklet page by page, writing directly on each page.the two of you can talk about what"s in front of you and mark it up.It"s not a brochure/presentation, it"s the outcome of a working sessionslideless, text, video, picture, choose your presentation type, Steve Jobs use many types of presentations.有些比较简略～是因为这是份讲稿～PPT的原稿十分强大～楼主需要否～求加分～留你的email给我哈～～～啦啦啦

没用过你说的牌子，但是正确的涂法是：彩油涂后，快干的时候再涂亮油 等个10分钟就行绝对不能刚涂完彩油 就紧接着涂亮油========刚涂完彩油就立刻涂亮油，不管什么牌子 都会相融的

...无解

转座(因)子是基因组中一段可移动的DNA序列，可以通过切割、重新整合等一系列过程从基因组的一个位置“跳跃”到另一个位置。复合型的转座因子称为转座子(trans—poson，Tn)。这种转座因子带有同转座无关的一些基因，它的两端就是IS，构成了“左臂”和“右臂”。两个“臂”可以是正向重复，也可以是反向重复。这些两端的重复序列可以作为Tn的一部分随同Tn转座，也可以单独作为IS而转座。-----------------------以下仅供了解-----------------转座子是细菌细胞里发现的一种复合型转座因子，这种转座因子带有同转座无关的一些基因，如抗药性基因；它的两端就是IS，构成了“左臂”和“右臂”。两个“臂”可以是正向重复，也可以是反向重复。这种复合型的转座因子称为转座子(trans—poson，Tn)。这些两端的重复序列可以作为Tn的一部分随同Tn转座，也可以单独作为IS而转座。Tn两端的IS有的是完全相同的，有的则有差别。当两端的IS完全相同时，每一个IS都可使转座子转座；当两端是不同的IS时，则转座子的转座取决于其中的一个IS。Tn有抗生素的抗性基因，Tn很容易从细菌染色体转座到噬菌体基因组或是接合型的质粒。因此，Tn可以很快地传播到其他细菌细胞，这是自然界中细菌产生抗药性的重要来源。两个相邻的IS可以使处于它们中间的DNA移动，同时也可制造出新的转座子。Tn10的两端是两个取向相反的IS1O，中间有抗四环素的抗性基因(TetR)，当TnlO整合在一个环状DNA分子中间时，就可以产生新的转座子。当转座子转座插人宿主DNA时，在插入处产生正向重复序列，其过程是这样的：先是在靶DNA插入处产生交错的切口，使靶DNA产生两个突出的单链末端，然后转座子同单链连接，留下的缺口补平，最后就在转座子插入处生成了宿主DNA的正向重复。已知的转座因子的转座途径有两种：复制转座和非复制转座。1．复制转座(replicative transposition) 转座因子在转座期间先复制一份拷贝，而后拷贝转座到新的位置，在原先的位置上仍然保留原来的转座因子。复制转座有转座酶(transposase)和解离酶(resolvase)的参与。转座酶作用于原来的转座因子的末端，解离酶则作用于复制的拷贝。TnA是复制转座的例子。2．非复制转座(non-replicative transposition) 转座因子直接从原来位置上转座插入新的位置，并留在插入位置上，这种转座只需转座酶的作用。非复制转座的结果是在原来的位置上丢失了转座因子，而在插入位置上增加了转座因子。这可造成表型的变化。保留转座(conservative transposition)也是非复制转座的一种类型。其特点是转座因子的切离和插人类似于入噬菌体的整合作用，所用的转座酶也是属于入整合酶(integrase)家族。出现这种转座的转座因子都比较大，而且转座的往往不只是转座因子自身，而是连同宿主的一部分DNA一起转座。 非复制转座可以是直接从供体分子的转座子两端产生双链断裂，使整个转座子释放出来，然后在受体分子上产生的交错接口处插入，这是“切割与黏接”(“cut and paste")的方式。另一种方式是在转座子分子同受体分子之间形成一种交换结构(crossover structure)，受体分子上产生交错的单链缺口，与酶切后产生的转座子单链游离末端连接，并在插入位点上产生正向重复序列；最 后，由此生成的交换结构经产生缺口(nick)而使转座子转座在受体分子。供体DNA分子上留下双链断裂，结果 或是供体分子被降解，或是被DNA修复系统识别而得到修复。在复制转座过程中，转座和切离是两个独立事件。先是由转座酶分别切割转座子的供体和受体DNA分子。转座子的末端与受体DNA分子连接，并将转座子复制一份拷贝，由此生成的中间体即共整合体(cointegrat，)有转座子的两份拷贝。然后在转座子的两份拷贝间发生类似同源重组的反应，在解离酶的作用下，供体分子同受体分子分开，并且各带一份转座子拷贝。同时受体分子的靶位点序列也重复了一份拷贝。酵母接合型的相互转换也是复制转座所产生。酿酒酵母(Saccharomvcescerf—visiae)的生命周期中有双倍体细胞和单倍体细胞两种类型。单倍体细胞则有a型和α型两种接合型(mating type)。单倍体酵母是a型还是α型，由单个基因座MAT所决定。MAT有一对等位基因MAT。和MATα，在同宗接合(homothallic)的酵母菌株中，酵母菌十分频繁地转换其接合型，即从a转换成α，然后在下一代又转换为a。这种转换和回复的频率已远远高于通常的自发突变，表明这不是通常的突变机制。现在已经知道，在MAT基因座两侧有两个基因带有MATα和ATα的拷贝，这就是HMLα和HMRα基因。这两个基因贮存了两种接合型等位基因，当转座给MAT基因座时就发生了接合型的转换。因此，MAT基因座是通过转座而转换其接合型的。MAT基因座的序列转换成另一个基因的序列，这种机制称为基因转换(gene convertion)。------------------------以下仅供参考-------------------------1951年Barbara Mclintock首先在玉米中发现了控制元件，后来命名为转座元件或转座子(transposon)。转座子是基因组中一段可移动的DNA序列，可以通过切割、重新整合等一系列过程从基因组的一个位置“跳跃”到另一个位置。这一元件不仅可用于分析生物遗传进化上分子作用引起的一些现象，还为基因工程和分子生物学研究提供了强有力的工具，可以在不了解基因产物的生化性质和表达模式的情况下，分离克隆植物基因，即转座子标签(transposon tagging)，又称为转座子示踪法。其原理是利用转座子的插入造成基因突变，以转座子序列为基础，从突变株的基因文库中筛选出带有此转座子的克隆，它必定含有与转座子序列相邻的突变基因的部分序列，再利用这部分序列从野生型基因文库中获得完整的基因〔1〕。1984年，用转座子标签法首先在玉米中分离了bronze基因，该基因编码了玉米花色素合成途径的关键酶——UDP-葡萄糖类黄3-O-葡萄糖基转移酶〔2〕。此后还利用转座子标签技术分离了许多植物基因。1 转座子概述 转座子可以分为两大类：以DNA-DNA方式转座的转座子和反转录转座子(retrotransposon)。第一类转座子可以通过DNA复制或直接切除两种方式获得可移片段，重新插入基因组DNA中。根据转座的自主性，这类元件又可以分为自主转座元件和非自主转座元件，前者本身能够编码转座酶而进行转座，后者则需在自主元件存在时方可转座，以玉米的Ac/Ds体系为例，Ac(Activator)属于自主元件，Ds(Dissociation)则是非自主元件，必需在Ac元件存在下才能转座〔1〕。第二类转座子又称为返座元(retroposon)〔3〕，是近年新发现的由RNA介导转座的转座元件，在结构和复制上与反转录病毒(retrovirus)类似，只是没有病毒感染必须的env基因，它通过转录合成mRNA,再逆转录合成新的元件整合到基因组中完成转座，每转座1次拷贝数就会增加1份，因此它是目前所知高等植物中数量最大的一类可活动遗传成分。目前共发现了3种类型反转录转座子：Tyl-copia类，Ty3-gypsy类和LINE(long interspersed nuclear Clements)类转座子，前两类是具有长末端重复的转座子，LINE类转座子没有长末端重复。高等植物中的反转录转座子主要属于Tyl-copia类，分布十分广泛，几乎覆盖了所有高等植物种类〔4〕。 克隆转座子主要有两条途径：其一，利用抗体识别或cDNA探针从野生型植株中获得表达量降低或不稳定基因座的序列，再从突变体中分离得到相应的转座子：其二是根据序列同源性，在基因组的不同位置分离同一家族的转座子成员。目前已经克隆的植物转座子约156种(来自Genbank的报告)，表1列出了常用于转座子标签的一些植物转座子。表1 常用植物转座子标签的转座子名 称 来 源 类 型 Ac(Activator) 玉米 Ⅰ类自主型转座子 Ds(Dissociation) 玉米 Ⅰ类非自主型转座子 Mu(Mutator) 玉米 Ⅰ类自主型转座子 Spm/En 玉米 Ⅰ类自主型转座子 Tam 金鱼草 Ⅰ类自主型转座子 dTphl 拟南芥 Ⅰ类自主型转座子 Tos17 水稻 反转录转座子 2 转座子标签的转座元件体系 1984年首次用转座子标签法克隆了玉米bronze基因之后，在其它高等植物中一直没有发现象Ac/Ds、Spm/En类转座活性很高的转座子，因此在很长一段时间内都是利用玉米和金鱼草中转座性质较清楚的内源自主性转座子。B.Baker等人首先证明了玉米的Ac/Ds转座元件在转基因烟草中有作用，此后又发现Ac/Ds在其他许多物种中如拟南芥、蕃茄、矮牵牛、亚麻、马铃薯、黄豆和水稻中都有活性〔5〕。1993年用Ac元件从矮牵牛中成功地克隆了一个花色素苷合成基因，开创了用外源转座子在异源宿主中分离克隆基因的先河〔6〕。 目前植物基因工程常用的转座元件体系分为天然和人工改造两大类，前者包括自主元件单因子体系和反转录转座元件体系，后者主要是人工改造的双元因子体系。2.1 自主转座元件单因子体系：自主转座元件单因子体系利用了转座活性较高的自主转座子如玉米的Mu转座子、Ac转座子和矮牵牛的dTpH1转座子，已经克隆了拟南芥白化病基因(albino)、雄性育性基因、蕃茄的抗病基因Cf-9等基因〔7〕。这一转座体系具有两大优点：一是在植物中插入拷贝数高，如Mu元件每个基因组平均拷贝数可达100以上，因此可以在大田自然培养条件下获得大量突变个体；二是只需筛选相对较少量的植株就能标记所有基因。然而，这一体系也存在一些问题：自主转座元件高频率的转座有可能切除转座酶而留下一些序列导致永久突变；自主转座在体细胞内可能造成基因功能自动恢复；自主元件切除留下一些片段使转座元件不能与突变表型共分离，这些都增加了筛选克隆的困难，阻碍了转座子标签的推广〔8〕。2.2 反转录转座元件体系：虽然反转录转座子作为一个整体，在整个植物基因组中拷贝数很多甚至是最多的一类成分，但它包括了许多亚群，有的亚群仅由一个或几个拷贝组成，这些以单拷贝或低拷贝方式存在的成分比较容易识别，同时实验证明反转录转座子的转座活动在组织培养中能被激活，因此它们是一类很有潜力的转座子标签体系。1996年Hirchick等人就利用水稻反转录转座子Tos17建立了水稻基因敲除体系(gene knock-out system)，Tos17可以在组织培养过程中被激活，插入水稻基因组中，使基因失效〔3〕。1999年Sato等利用这一体系分离了6个水稻kn1—型同源异型框基因，发现了引起水稻植株矮化的突变基因OSH15〔9〕。 最近Lucas等将烟草中的有活性的Ty1-copia类反转录转座子导入拟南芥〔8〕，发现它在后者中进行了转座，新的拷贝插入到其它基因的可读框中。之后又相继将它导入蕃茄和水稻中，在新的宿主中进行了表达，而且宿主的内源反转录转座子不影响新导入转座子的转座，说明反转录转座子并不受植物种类差异的影响。双子叶植物中的反转录转座子不仅可在异源双子叶植物中转座，也可以在单子叶植物中表达，这为反转录转座子用于转座子标签提供了更广阔的前景。2.3 双元转座子体系：双元转座子体系由一个非自主转座元件和一个改造过后自身不能转座的自主转座元件组成，后者仍编码转座酶引起前者的转座，分别构建含两个元件的植物表达载体，转化植物培育了分别含有非自主性转座子和转座酶的株系，再通过转基因植株杂交，在F2代就能获得大量由转座子引起的突变体。Shimamoto等培育了含Ds转座元件和含Ac转座元件转座酶(AcTPase)基因的两种水稻株系(图1)，通过杂交筛选得到了大量矮化、花期改变的突变体〔10〕。图1 含有Ds元件和Ac转座酶的双元转座体系的构建A:缺失Ac元件的部分片段获得非自主性转座子Ds元件，加上35S启动子和潮霉素抗性基因。B:构建编码转座酶的转座因子，Ac元件的转座酶片段与35S启动子相连。 为了减少筛选子代突变体的工作量，可以在构建的转座元件上插入用于筛选转化和切除的标记基因如抗生素抗性基因、除草剂抗性基因等。Knapp等构建了带潮霉素磷酸转移酶基因的Ds元件DsHPT，并将该元件插入除草剂抗性基因(ABR)中(图2)，潮霉素抗性基因用于筛选含Ds元件的转基因植株，BAR基因用于筛选Ds从T-DNA位点切除的转基因植株〔7〕。图2 Ds元件的改造注：BL T-DNA左边界区； BR T-DNA左边界区；Pnos胭脂碱合成酶启动子；HPT潮霉素磷酸转移酶基因；BAR抗除草剂基因；P35S烟草花叶病毒35S启动子；NPTII新霉素磷酸转移酶II。3 标签的策略 根据利用转座子标签的目的不同，可以采取两种方式的标签策略：定向标签和随机标签。3.1 定向标签(directed tagging)：定向标签是用一个稳定遗传的稳性纯合体与一个带有活跃转座元件的显性纯合体杂交，杂交后代可能产生3种表型：跟显性亲本表型一致，新的表型与隐性亲本表型一致，后两种子代是由于转座子插入了显性等位基因座。这一策略可以在F1代直接“标签”感兴趣的目的基因〔11〕。3.2 随机标签(random tagging)：随机标签是将带有功能性转位因子的显性纯合系植株与不带转位因子的同种植株杂交，产生的F1子代再自交，在F2代中就可筛选到转座子随机插入引起突变表型的突变株，这一策略的目的是为了发现、鉴定带有多种不同特征的新突变〔11〕。4 标签基因的分离和克隆4.1 Southern-based分离法：这是转座子标签分离克隆“标签”基因的常用方法，它是通过杂交得到纯合突变株，构建该类突变株的核基因文库，以转座子片作作为探针从该基因文库中筛选中同源的转座子，因为转座子已插入目的基因中，于是就筛选得到含突变基因的片段，再将这一片段亚克隆标记作为探针，去筛选另一个正常植株的核基因文库，获得完整的正常目的基因。为了增加转座子插入特定基因的机率，需要采用高效转座子体系，如玉米的Mu元件，但它的标签群在一个基因组内可达100个拷贝，这又给Southern-based分离法分析突变现象，鉴定特定插入序列的工作带来了相当大的工作量，只能通过多代与含低拷贝数元件的株系杂交来减少每一植株中插入序列的数量〔12〕。4.2 PCR-based分离法4.2.1 反向PCR分离法：Souer等1995年设计了将反向PCR(Inverse polymerase chain reaction, IPCR)和差别筛选结合的方法，从矮牵牛W138中分离了高效转座子标签dTph1标记的基因(图3)〔13〕。W138中含有200个拷贝以上的内源dTph1元件，自交后代形成大量不稳定的突变本，包括花色素合成、植物和花发育、育性或叶绿素合成等方面的突变体，用常规方法分离新基因需花大量的时间将突变株与含低拷贝数转座元件的株系多次杂交。Souer等利用反向PCR扩增突变体和野生型的dTph侧翼序列，其中突变体的扩增产物克隆到M13mp18载体上，感染细菌，再以突变体和野生型的扩增片段为探针与噬菌斑复制滤膜杂交，筛选差示克隆，分离dTph1插入的侧翼片段作为探针，再从野生型基因文库中筛选基因。反向PCR和差别筛选结合的方法不仅仅可以用于分离高拷贝转座子元件标签的基因，而且可以用于克隆基它植物轻微变异株中被标签基因，加速低拷贝转座元件标签基因的分离。此外，采用嵌套的反向PCR引物可以提高有效扩增dTph1侧翼序列的产量〔13〕。图3 特异性克隆突变植株转座元件侧翼序列4.2.2 TAIL-PCR分离法：刘耀光等设计热不对称交错PCR方法，(Thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR TAIL-PCR)最初用于YAC和Pl载体克隆基因的分离，后又用于转座子标签基因的分离，取得了成功〔14〕。其基本原理是利用多个嵌套的转座子插入序列特异性引物和一个短的随机简并引物(Arbitrary degenerate primer AD)组合，以突变体基因组DNA为模板，进行多次PCR反应，特异性引物的Tm值一般在57-62℃间，而AD引物的Tm值则在44-46℃范围，采取高温特异性扩增与低温随机扩增相间进行的方法，最后获得转座子插入侧翼区特异性扩增片段，可作为探针，筛选分离基因(图4)。图4 TAIL-PCR特异性扩增插入位点侧翼基因组序列流程图 TAIL-PCR分离法可以降低非侧翼区特异产物的背景，同时它可以产生2个以上嵌套的目的片段，与其它方法相比TAIL-PCR方法具有简便、特异、高效、快速和灵敏等特点，已经在拟南芥和水稻中获得了成功。4.2.3 AIMS分离法：Gierl等建立的插入突变位点扩增法(Amplification of insertion Mutagenised sites AIMS)是以PCR为基础的分离转座子标签基因的方法，用它已经成功地从玉米Mu元件标签系统中分离了Bx1基因〔12〕。其原理如图5所示，用2种限制性内切酶消化突变植株的基因组DNA，酶切片段一侧加上接头序列，再采用一组嵌套的插入序列特异引物和一个接头序列互补的引物进行PCR反应扩增插入序列的侧翼序列，为了减少扩增产物的复杂性，在与接头互补引物3"末端加上一个碱基(A/T/C/G)，分离的侧翼序列可作为探针筛选目的基因。 利用AIMS进行转座子插入侧翼序列的分离可以减少分析片段的复杂性，同时扩增产物可以不经任何纯化步骤，直接用作探针从cDNA文库或基因组文库中筛选目的基因。但是AIMS也存在一些问题，如难获得500bp以上的片段，可能是由于人工的未切动的DNA片段存在或是TaqDNA聚合酶不能完全扩增，解决这一问题就需要寻找一些更合适的限制性内切酶。5 展望 目前转座子元件是植物分子生物学操作和植物基因工程中分离克隆基因和研究基因功能最有力的工具之一，其中的一大类—反转录转座子具有分布广、异源转座高和受组织培养诱导激活等优势，因此它的发现和利用又为转座子标签的应用提供了更广阔的前景。此外通过对现有转座元件的改造以及转座元件作为载体改造的工具，也将大大加速植物基因和功能序列的分离与研究，如利用转座子元件构建启动子捕捉载体，效率比T-DNA标签高〔11〕。 但转座子标签推广还存在一些困难，例如筛选鉴定转座元件引起的表型突变体。目前，各种突变体筛选方法都在植物个体水平进行研究，先要得到基因型包含转座子插入突变的植株的种子，再在104～106个后代的群体中筛选突变体，工作量非常大，定向标签还要求有隐性纯合系可进行杂交。最近开始研究利用单倍体进行细胞水平的突变体筛选，因为单倍体可直接表达隐性基因，瞿绍洪等鉴定了玉米转座因子Ac在单倍体烟草中的转座活性，这将有助于在单倍体细胞中进行转座因子研究〔15〕。 对转座子标签突变体筛选、标签基因分离等方面的改进将使这一技术更为完整，不仅为植物基因工程发展分离了更多的基因，同时可以大大促进植物基因表达机制等基础理论的研究。 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/qikan/periodical.Articles/swjs/swjs2000/0001/000108.htm