什么是名词性从句？

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　　课件（courseware）是根据教学大纲的要求，经过教学目标确定，教学内容和任务分析，教学活动结构及界面设计等环节，而加以制作的课程软件。它与课程内容有着直接联系。我带来的宾语从句初中英语课件。 　　宾语从句初中英语练习题 　　1. They don"t know ______their parents are. 　　A that B what C why D which 　　2. Please tell me ______what last year. 　　A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work 　　C where your sister works D where your sister worked 　　3. She asked me if I knew ______. 　　A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it 　　4. You must remember ________. 　　A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say 　　C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said 　　5 Did you know ____? 　　A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for 　　C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after 　　6 Could you tell me ___? 　　A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing 　　C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing 　　答案： 1-6 B D B A A 　　宾语从句初中英语课件 　　宾语从句(object clauses) 　　1、概述用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）和某些形容词的宾语。宾语从句可以由从属连词that whether、if，关系代词what, who, whose, which和关系副词when、where、how、why等引导。 　　He said he wanted to go to town. 他说他想去城里。 　　I hope you"ll be better soon.我希望你能很快好起来。 　　I"m so glad that you were able to come to this party.你能设法抽空出席这个交际会，我很高兴。 　　I know nothing about it except what I have read in the papers.除了在报上读到的以外,我对这件事一无所知。 　　Most of the Chinese people usually go to work on the bike except when it rains.除了雨天,大多数中国人一般都骑自行车上班。 　　He asked me whether she was coming. 他问我，她来还是不来。 　　2、作动词宾语 　　（1）由从属连词that引导的宾语从句。that引导宾语从句时，只起引导词作用，在句中不做成分，在口语和非正式文体中常省去。 　　I think (that) he"ll be right in a few days.我认为他几天后就会好的。 　　I wish （that） she would understand me.我希望她理解我。 　　（2）由关系代词what, who, whose, which引导的宾语从句，在句中作成分，即主语、宾语、表语和定语，关系代词在句中不能省略。 　　A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do．计算机只能按人的指令去做。 　　Do you know whom they are waiting for?你知道他们在等谁吗？ 　　He asked whose dictionary it was.他问这是谁的字典。 　　He can"t tell which method they will use for the experiment.他不能断定他们会用哪一种方法做实验。 　　（3）关系副词when，where，how，why等引导宾语从句。关系副词 when，where，how，why 既有疑问意义，又起连接作用，而且在宾语从句中充当各种状语，分别表时间、地点、方式、原因。在句中不能省略。 　　Please tell me when we shall discuss our plan.请告诉我我们将何时讨论计划。 　　I don"t know where we are going to have the meeting.我不知道我们将在哪里开会。 　　Will you tell me how I can get to the station？你能告诉我如何能到车站吗？ 　　Do you know why he said that?你知道他为什么说那件事吗？ 　　I remember when this used to be a quiet village．我记得这里曾经是一个僻静的村庄。 　　（4）由从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句。 　　I wonder whether (if) daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside.我想知道在农村女儿是否和儿子一样受到重视。 　　I don"t know whether (if) you are willing to help me.我不知道你是否愿意帮我。注意：whether 和if的区别，请参考概述部分。 　　（5）动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。动词如：advise, ask, inform, promise, question, remind, show, teach, tell, warn等，宾语从句前可以有一个间接宾语，这个宾语有时可以省略，有的不能省略。 　　He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.他已经通知我们将什么时候讨论我的建议。(me不可省略) 　　She promised (us) that she would give us more help later on.她答应以后给我们更多的帮助。(us可省略) 　　3、作介词宾语 　　It depends on whether he is coming or not.这要看他是否会来。 　　I was curious as to what we could do next.我想知道下一步我们该做什么。注意：that引导的宾语从句只在in, but, except, besides等少数介词后作宾语，形成固定搭配，in that在于（因为），but that要不是(只是)，except that除了……。 　　The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.所得税过高是有害的，因为它可能使人不愿多赚钱。 　　His paper is perfect except that there were some misprints.除了一些印刷错误之外，这篇论文很好。 　　4、作形容词宾语。 　　No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years．谁也不知道一百万年后人类会变成什么样子。 　　I am not certain whether I have met him before.我不能肯定从前是否见过他。 　　I"m sorry (that) you"re ill.你病了，我很难过。注意：that引导的从句在下列形容词后面作宾语，that可以省略。anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content, proud等。 　　I"m sure (that) he"ll help you.我确信他会帮助你。 　　I"m glad (that)he has passed the exam.我很高兴，他考试及格了。 　　5、it充当形式宾语，真正的`宾语---宾语从句后置。正如我们常用it充当形式主语代替主语从句一样，我们也常用it用作形式宾语代替宾语从句，把真正的宾语从句后置。特别是带复合宾语的句子中。在这种结构中that不可省略。有下列几种情况： 　　（1）在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess,hear, imagine, know, make, prove, reckon, think, understand 等动词接复合宾语（宾语＋宾补）时，要用it作形式宾语。 　　We find it difficult that we should finish the work on time．我发现我们按时完成工作有困难。 　　She thinks it wrong that he didn"t answer the phone．她认为他不接电话是不对的。 　　（2）在like，enjoy，love,hate,take 等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词，后若要跟宾语从句时，需跟形式宾语 it。 　　I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我不喜欢人们满口饭说话。 　　I like it that everyone passed the exam．都通过了考试我很喜欢。 　　（3）由动词和介词构成的短语动词后接 that 宾语从句时，要用形式宾语。 　　We are thinking of it that we"ll lend you some money．我正在考虑借给你钱的事。 　　I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候我负责把他照顾好。 　　（4）用于“动词+宾语+介词短语”的句型中。 　　Keep it in mind that you have to be home by ten o"clock.要记住你得十点钟之前回家。 　　We took it for granted that he would come.我们认为他来是当然的。 　　6、不可直接跟that从句的动词。下列动词不可直接接that从句：ask, refuse, let, like, cause, force, condemn, admire, entreat, dislike（厌恶）, overlook, love, help, take, forgive, bid, hate, hear（听见）, see（看见）, want（想要） 等，但可用it, the fact做媒介，后接that从句；或接动名词、不定式。 　　He overlooked it that he had made another mistake.(正确) 他忽视了一件事，他又犯了一个错误。 　　He overlooked the fact that he had made another mistake. (正确) 　　He overlooked that he had made another mistake.(错误) 　　I admire it that they won the match. (正确) 　　I admire the fact that they won the match. (正确) 我很羡慕，他们赢得了比赛。 　　I admire that they won the match. (错误) 　　7、that引导宾语从句的省略。 　　（1）主句谓语动词是agree, argue, hold, learn, maintain, observe, contend, conceive, reckon, remark, state, suggest, assume, announce, calculate, indicate等时，其后宾语从句的引导词that一般不可省略；主句谓语动词是hear, know, say, see, confess consider, declare, understand, propose等时，其后宾语从句的引导词that可以省略，也可以不省略；主句谓语动词是think, suppose, believe, presume, dare say等时，其后宾语从句的引导词that可以省略。 　　He suggested that we should set off at 8 o"clock tomorrow morning.他建议我们明天早晨8点走。(that不可省略) 　　I think (that) this is very important.我认为这很重要。(that可省略) 　　（2）当一个句子很复杂，句中有多个状语时，that不可省略；或者一个句子有多个并列的宾语从句时，特别第一个宾语从句特别长，后面的宾语从句的that不可省略；谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语时，that不可省去。 　　He said you needn"t worry and that he would help you .他说你没有必要着急，他会帮助你的。（said之后可省去that，但第二个that不可省去） 　　We decide, as he has suggested, that we will start out tomorrow.就像他建议的那样，我们决定明天动身。 　　8、否定转移与省略 　　（1）如果主句的谓语动词是“think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等，主语是第一人称的一般现在时态，其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义，一定要把否定词一道主句谓语上，从句谓语动词用肯定形式。 　　I don"t think he can do it better than me.我想他不会比我干得好。 　　I don"t believe he treated the child like that.我相信他不会那样对待孩子的。 　　（2）如果think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等前有副词或表示强调的do, does, did；或者同其它词构成并列谓语；或者不以现在时出现；或者用作插入语中。这时候不用否定转移。 　　I really expect she didn"t say that to him.我确实希望她不和他说那件事。 　　I think and hope that he won"t be deceived by the man.我认为也希望他不会被那个人欺骗。 　　（3）think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等此类动词后，在简略答语中，用 so 替代前文肯定的宾语从句；若替代一个否定的宾语从句，用 not 或 not…so 替代前文整个从句。 　　-I believe we"ve met somewhere before．我认为我们从前在哪见过。 　　-No，I don"t think so．没有，我认为我们以前没见过。 　　-Do you think it"s going to rain over the weekend？你认为这周末会下雨吗？ 　　-I believe not．我认为不会。注意：hope 只能说 I hope not 一种形式，因为 hope 不能否定转移。 　　9、时态的呼应与语序。 　　在宾语从句中只能用陈述句语序，时态呼应上要遵循以下三条原则： 　　（1）如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语可根据意思的需要使用任何一种时态。 　　Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring？你能确定爱丽丝把金戒指放到什么地方了吗？ 　　They have no idea at all where he has gone．他们一点也不知道他去了哪。 　　Do you know who he was talking with at eight last night？你知道他昨晚和谁一起说话吗？ 　　（2）如果主句谓语是一般过去时，宾语从句要用表示过去的某一时态。 　　He said he would come to see us the next day.他说他明天将来看我们。 　　I wanted to know whether he had been to Beijing.我想知道他是否去过北京。 　　（3）如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句一律用一般现在时。 　　Dick asked Lucy how old she is．迪克问露斯她多大了。 　　The teacher said the sun rises in the east．老师说太阳从东方升起。 　　要点 　　一、高中宾语从句要点之时态的呼应 　　1. 如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,宾语从句可根据情况使用各种时态。例如: 　　I hear she is here today(she was here yesterday/ she will be here tomorrow.) 　　2. 如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句应使用过去时态的某种形式。例如: 　　He said he was watching TV(he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school)。 　　3. 如宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象或科学真理等,从句不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。例如: 　　Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 　　二、高中宾语从句要点之引导词的使用 　　1. 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时,用that来引导从句,that常无具体意义,一般可省略。例如: 　　Lin Tao thought(that)the TV play was very boring. 　　2. 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时,要用if或whether来引导从句。例如: 　　David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night. 　　3. 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时,原句中的疑问词充当连接代词(如who, whose, what, which)或连接副词(如when, where, why, how),引导宾语从句。例如: 　　Do you know what we can do on the island? 　　I don"t know why Jane was late for school this morning. 　　三、高中宾语从句要点之语序的陈述化 　　宾语从句一般要用陈述句语序。例如: 　　When did he leave? I want to know. →I want to know when he left. 　　Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know? →Do you know if/ whether the shop closes at six every day? 　　四、高中宾语从句要点之否定转移 　　当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, suppose等动词,且主语为第一人称时,从句的否定要转移到主句上。例如: 　　I don"t believe he is here on time, is he? 　　I don"t think Tom is the best student in his class, is he?

（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustn"t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词） Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） 状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six?（时间状语） Last night she didn"t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn"t rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语）练习一一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：I hope you are very well. I"m fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I"m helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn"t often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It"s great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don"t, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents. 四、选择填空：( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the man B. The man here nowC. The man who is here now D. The man is here now( ) 2. The weather ____.A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70.A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded( )6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we( )7. He found the street much ______.A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly( ) 8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.A. that B. when C. in which D. where练习一：一、1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语，主语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；16、宾语(间宾+直宾)；17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；20、表语二、略三、略四、1~5 CBDBB 6~10 ACBAB练习二：一、1、简单句；2、复合句；3、简单句；4、简单句；5、并列句；6、复合句；7、并列句；8、复合句；9、简单句；10、简单句二、I hope you are very well（复合句）. I"m fine, but tired（简单句）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I"m helping my Dad on the farm（并列句）. August is the hottest month here（简单句）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（并列句） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（简单句）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（并列复合句）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（简单句）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（复合句）. But he employs more men for the harvest（简单句）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（简单句）. It doesn"t often rain in the summer here（简单句）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（简单句）. Every evening we pump water from a well（简单句）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（简单句）.Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（简单句）. These parties often make us very happy（简单句）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（简单句）. It"s great（ 简单句）! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion（简单句）. Some of my friends drink beer（简单句）. I don"t, because I have to drive home after the party（复合句）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（简单句）. There are five different time areas in the States（简单句）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（简单句）. How many different time areas do you have in China（简单句）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（简单句）. Please give my best regards to your parents（简单句）.三、1~5 ACADD 6~10 BCBDC 11~15 ADBCC 16~20 ABADB 21~25 DDDCD 26~30 ADDBD祝学习进步！

在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句，即为定语从句，相当于形容词。1。关系代词引导的定语从句。关系代词who,whose ,which,thateg.he is a man who means what he sats2。介词+which(whom)引导的定语从句eg:the people with whom he worked thought he was a bit strange.

我靠

宾语从句首先理解就是一个句子做为复合句的宾语， 例如：I believe that she is a policewoman.那么这样的句子就是that引导的宾语从句。 宾语从句是由that 或者疑问词引导，充当主句谓语的宾语的一个完成的句子。 在宾语从句中一般的考试要点主要考察的内容： 主句和从句之间连接词的选择， 主句和从句之间时态的选择， 从句中句子的语言顺序的确定这三个方面。 简单总结就是七个字：引导词，时态、语序 一、引导词1.及物动词+that引导宾语从句，是陈述语序，其中可以that省略I know that he is my uncle.I believe that it"s very hot in summer in China . 2.if 或者whether 引导的宾语从句，其中if 和whether翻译为“是否”。I wonder if/whether they"ll get there in time.We want to know if /whether the school starts. 3.特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，这些特殊疑问词包括what,who why where how 等等。 二、时态主句是一般现在时态，从句是不受影响可以是任意时态He knows that he is ill.主句是一般过去时态，从句用对应的表示过去的某种时态He wondered that if /whether they would have the meeting next week. 三、语序宾语从句要用陈述的语序，从句的基本结构是主语+谓语。Could you please tell me where the supermarket is? 四、把下列句子改为宾语从句的复合句1. He said“I have been to America”.He said that he had been to America. 2. Is there a hospital near here ? Do you know ?Do you know if/whether there is a hospital near here?3. What color do you like best ?Could you tell me ?Could you tell me what color you like best? 五、一个选择练习试题--- Do you know _____?--- He is a dentist.A. how does he make a livingB.what is his jobC.what does his father doD.what his father is

有重句的，应该看主句，主句是肯定的

26 There is little water in the bottle，__is there______? 27 I don"t think he is at home，__is he______? 28 That"s a good idea，__isn"t it______? 29 Don"t writ on the blackboard，___will you_____? 30 You had better go to school now，__hadn"t you______? 31 Not everyone likes children，___do they_____? 32 I"m much better today，___aren"t I_____? 33 Something is wrong with your bike，___isn"t it_____? 34 Lucy had nothing for lunch，___did she_____? 35 This is an old man，___isn"t it_____? 第五关：改为被动语态 36 Where did he plant the apple tree? Where___was_____the apple tree__planted______? 37 Can you think of another way to keep the room clean? Can another way__be thought______of to keep the room clean? 38 When did they grow vegetable? When___was_____vegetable___grown_____? 第六关：合并成含有宾语从句的复合句 39 Will the most popular singers come to Changchun on May Day? My sister asked My sister asked___whether_____the most popular singers__would______come to Changhun on May Day 40 Where does h live? I don"t know I don"t know where he lives. 41 Is the earth round? The little boy asked The little boy asked__whether______the earth___is_____round 42 When does the train leave? I want to know I want to know__when______the train __leaves___.

1.谁可以帮我找20个宾语从句的例句 I think China is a very interesting country.I think I am very handsome and cool.Mr Smith said that they had dicided to go someplace in China.The teacher said that Lucy was a good sutdent.Do you know where he works?Their father tells then that they are going to move to a new house.Mr Xia said that he would buy a book in the afternoon.The teacher told them that they paricte the piano in the afternoon.she asks me if Mary is at home.The teacher asked what you were doing.。 2.谁可以帮我找20个宾语从句的例句 I think China is a very interesting country. I think I am very handsome and cool. Mr Smith said that they had dicided to go someplace in China. The teacher said that Lucy was a good sutdent. Do you know where he works? Their father tells then that they are going to move to a new house. Mr Xia said that he would buy a book in the afternoon. The teacher told them that they paricte the piano in the afternoon. she asks me if Mary is at home. The teacher asked what you were doing.。 3.宾语从句的句子 在宾语从句中，其例句数不胜数，在此，我仅选取几条：由that,if,whether引导的宾语从句， 1.He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学. 2.I don"t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. 3.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没人知道他是否会通过考试. 由who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.引导的宾语从句1.Do you know who has won Red Alert game？ 你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏？ 2.The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么. 3.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone？ 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗？ 由when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.引导的宾语从句 1.He didn"t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. 2.Could you please tell me how you use the new panel？ 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗？ 3.None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到。 4.出20句关于宾语从句的练习题 I.从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空.1.I don"t know _________ he will come tomorrow._________ he comes,I"ll tell you. A.if;Whether B.whether;Whether C.if;That D.if;If 2.I don"t know _________ the day after tomorrow. A.when does he come B.how will he come C.if he comes D.whether he"ll come 3.Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?A.what B.how C.whether D.where 4.Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?A.how did he mend B.what did he mend C.how he mended D.what he mended 5.I want to know _________ . A.whom is she looking after B.whom she is looking C.whom is she looking D.whom she is looking after 6.Do you know where _________ now?A.he lives B.does he live C.he lived D.did he live 7.Do you know what time _________ A.the train leave B.does the train leave C.will the train leave D.the train leaves 8.I don"t know _________ .Can you tell me,please?A.how the two players are old B.how old are the two players C.the two players are how old D.how old the two players are 9.The small children don"t know _________ . A.what is their stockings in B.what is in their stockings C.where is their stockings in D.what in their stockings 10.I can"t understand _________ . A.what does Christmas mean B.what Christmas does mean C.what mean Christmas does D.what Christmas means II.按要求转换句型.1.Does Mr.Brown enjoy living in China?Could you tell us？（改写句子） →Could you tell us _________ Mr.Brown _________ living in China?2.“Does the girl need any help?”he asked me.（变为复合句） →He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help. 3.Jim is not a student.Tom is not a student,either.（合并为一个句子） _________ Jim _________ Tom is a student. 4.When does the train leave?I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句） I want to know _________ the train _________ . 5.They went home after they had finished their homework.（用not。 until改写） They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework. 6.Did Peter come here yesterday?Li Lei wants to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句） Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday. 宾语从句专项训练参考答案：I.1—5DDDCD 6—10ADDBD II.1.if/whether;enjoys 2.if/whether;needed 3.Neither;nor 4.when;leaves 5.didn"t;until 6.whether;came。 5.出20句关于宾语从句的练习题 I.从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空.1.I don"t know _________ he will come tomorrow._________ he comes,I"ll tell you. A.if;Whether B.whether;Whether C.if;That D.if;If 2.I don"t know _________ the day after tomorrow. A.when does he come B.how will he come C.if he comes D.whether he"ll come 3.Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?A.what B.how C.whether D.where 4.Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?A.how did he mend B.what did he mend C.how he mended D.what he mended 5.I want to know _________ . A.whom is she looking after B.whom she is looking C.whom is she looking D.whom she is looking after 6.Do you know where _________ now?A.he lives B.does he live C.he lived D.did he live 7.Do you know what time _________ A.the train leave B.does the train leave C.will the train leave D.the train leaves 8.I don"t know _________ .Can you tell me,please?A.how the two players are old B.how old are the two players C.the two players are how old D.how old the two players are 9.The small children don"t know _________ . A.what is their stockings in B.what is in their stockings C.where is their stockings in D.what in their stockings 10.I can"t understand _________ . A.what does Christmas mean B.what Christmas does mean C.what mean Christmas does D.what Christmas means II.按要求转换句型.1.Does Mr.Brown enjoy living in China?Could you tell us？（改写句子） →Could you tell us _________ Mr.Brown _________ living in China?2.“Does the girl need any help?”he asked me.（变为复合句） →He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help. 3.Jim is not a student.Tom is not a student,either.（合并为一个句子） _________ Jim _________ Tom is a student. 4.When does the train leave?I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句） I want to know _________ the train _________ . 5.They went home after they had finished their homework.（用not。 until改写） They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework. 6.Did Peter come here yesterday?Li Lei wants to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句） Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday. 宾语从句专项训练参考答案：I.1—5DDDCD 6—10ADDBD II.1.if/whether;enjoys 2.if/whether;needed 3.Neither;nor 4.when;leaves 5.didn"t;until 6.whether;came。 6.初二20道宾语从句 宾语从句练习 一、（ ） 1. The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take ( ) 2 .Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been ( ) 3 .The students want to know whether they___ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are ( ) 4 .She asked Linda if___ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may ( ) 5 .Linda said the moon___ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled 2 ( ) 1 .Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that ( ) 2 .I don"t know ___ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where ( ) 3 .I hardly understand.___ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who ( ) 4 .She didn"t know___ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be ( ) 5 .I don"t know _____ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D.when ( ) 6 .Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how ( ) 7 .He asked me _____told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose 3 ( ) 1.They don"t know ______their parents are. A that B what C why D which ( ) 2.Please tell me ______what last year. A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked ( ) 3.She asked me if I knew ______. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it ( ) 4. You must remember ________. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said ( ) 5.Did you know ____? A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after ( ) 6.Could you tell me ___? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing 参考答案： 1. 1-5 A D C B C 2. 1-7 C B B A A A C 3. 1-6 B D B A A C 无答案： 提高型 1. I don"t know _____ he will come tomorrow. _____ he comes, I"ll tell you. A. if; WhetherB. whether; WhetherC. if; ThatD. if; if 2. Could you tell me ____ the radio without any help? A. how did he mendB. what did he mend C. how he mendedD. what he mended 3. Could you tell me ____ do with the money? A. how toB. what should IC. how I shouldD. what I should 4. Can you tell me how many English words ____ since 1996? A. have you learnedB. did you learn C. you have learnedD. you learned 5. Miss Li wants to know _____ next week. A. when my uncle leavesB. when will my uncle C. where my uncle will stayD. where does my uncle stay 6. Can you tell me when ____? A. does the ship leaveB. the ship will leave C. the ship leaveD. will the ship leave 7. Alice wanted to know ____ her grandmother liked the bag. A. thatB. ifC. whichD. what 8. I don"t know ____ Jane was late for school this morning. A. whoB. whatC. whomD. why 9. They don"t know ____ their presents are. A. whenB. whyC. what 10. Mike asked the girl in the shop ____ the watch ____ cheap enough.(1998云南) A. that; isB. if; wasC. that; wasD. whether; is 11. I think he ____ back next week. A. comeB. will comeC. cameD. has come 12. Xiao Mao told me he ____ a film with his mother the next day. A. would seeB. will watchC. would lookD. will see 13. Could you tell me if it ____ tomorrow? A. rainB. will rainC. rainingD. rains 14. He said that he ____ speak a little English when he was five. A. mightB. wouldC. couldD. can 15. I want to know if they ____ the spring sports meeting next month. If they ____ it, I must get ready for it. A. hold; will holdB. will hold; hold C. hold; holdD. will hold; will hold 综合型 1. –Do you remember ____ he came?-Yes, I do, he came by car. A. how B. whenC. thatD. if 2. That woman wanted to know _____ her daughter liked the sweater. A. whetherB. whatC. thatD. which 3. Have you decided when _____ for London? A. will you leaveB. you will leaveC. are you goingD. you are going 4. –Excuse me. Could you tell me ____? -Certainly. A. when can I get to the stationB. I can get to which station C. which station can I get toD. how I can get to the station 5. –What did your mother say, Tom? -She asked me why ____. A. my sister cryingB. my sister was crying C. is my sister cryingD. was my sister crying 6. I wonder what time _____ arrive. A. does the trainB. will the train C. the trainD. the train will 7. I wondered _____ our teacher did that for. A. thatB. ifC. whatD. why 8. Did you hear _____? A. what did I sayB. what I saidC. that I saidD. I said which 9. Can you tell me which room _____? A. does he live inB. does 。 7.分别来二十句英语宾语从句和定语从句 宾语从句： His father is worried about whether he would lose his work. Don"t worry about what he will do next. Tell me something about what you will do in a few days. Why are you interested in how he did it ? Today"s tip is on how the native speakers distinguish can and can"t in spoken American English. They know that the habit may kill them. I"m glad that you have come. Considering that Charles would be sentenced to death, he went to a chemist"s shop and bought some special medicine. I"ll go to that shop and see whether they have a telephone. whether he is an expert, I don"t mind. They doubt whether or not Jack is a good student. Go to stamp sales and buy whatever you can afford. Take whichever you like best. We will see what we can discover. Do you know where he lives? I think China is a very interesting country. I think I am very handsome and cool. Mr Smith said that they had dicided to go someplace in China. The teacher said that Lucy was a good sutdent. Do you know where he works? Their father tells then that they are going to move to a new house. Mr Xia said that he would buy a book in the afternoon. The teacher told them that they paricte the piano in the afternoon. she asks me if Mary is at home. The teacher asked what you were doing. 定语从句： There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。 Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. The school in which he once studied is very famous. Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. We"ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. We"ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. Shanghai is the city where I was born. Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. I don"t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. I"ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. We depend on the land from which we get our food.。

初一英语语法之宾语从句 　　 1宾语从句的.学习要注意三个方面 　　 第一：语序： 　　在宾语从句中，一律用___________。 　　如Where does she live? ( Do you know?) ----Do you know where she lives? 　　***几个特殊的特殊疑问句 　　Which is the way to the nearest shop?/ What"s wrong with you?/ What"s up?/ What"s the matter? 　　这几个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序,在宾语从句中不需调整语序。 　　 第二：时态; 　　1）如果主句是___________，宾语从句时态根据实际情况而定. 　　如： 　　1. It"s going to rain. I think. ---I think it"s going to rain. 　　2. “I will go with you .” he says. ---He says he will go with me. 　　3. He studied English ten years ago. I know. I know he studied English ten years ago. 　　2）主句是___________，宾语从句要用___________。 　　如：It"s going to rain. I thought. ---I thought it was going to rain. 　　“I will go with you.” he said. ---He said he would go with me. 　　3). 若从句表达的是___________，规律，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用___________。 　　如1 The earth turns round the sun. The teacher told us---The teacher told us that the earth turns round the sun. 　　2 Light travels much faster than sound. She said … ---She said that light travels much faster than sound. 　　 第三：连接词 　　1)如果被连接的句子是___________，那么连接词用___________, (也可省) 　　如1. He"ll be back in a month. ( I hear…) I hear ( that ) he will be back in a month. 　　2. I have been to the Great Wall once. ( He tells me…) He tells me ( that ) he has been to the Great Wall once. 　　2.)如果被连接的句子是___________,则用连接词___________ 　　如：*Does he live in that house? ( She asked me …) She asked me if/ whether he lived in that house. 　　*Have you finished your homework? ( I want to know…) I want to know if you have finished your homework. 　　3) ___________句，用原句中的特殊疑问词引导：what, who, where, when, which, why, how (many/ much/ often/ long/ old).如： Who are you waiting for? Can you tell me? --- Can you tell me who you are waiting for? 　　What did he do yesterday? I don"t know. ---I don"t know what he did yesterday. 　　***其中 以wh- 疑问词或how 引导的宾语从句与动词不定式可相互转换 　　如I don"t know what I can do.可以说成 I don"t know what to do. 　　The policeman showed me where I could get books. 可以说成The policeman showed me where to get books. 　　Can you tell me how I can make a kite?可以说成 Can you tell me how to make a kite? 　　4).宾语从句___________。在_________________________________等动词所跟的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。 　　如：I don"t think he has time to play with the girl. 　　 二．综合练习 　　1．I want to know __ 　　A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C．whom is she looking D．whom she is looking after 　　2．I don"t know _________ the day after tomorrow． 　　A．when does he come B．how will he come C．if he comes D．whether he"ll come 　　3．Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is？ 　　A．what B．how C．whether D．where 　　4．Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help？ 　　A．how did he mend B．what did he mend C．how he mended D．what he mended 　　5．I don"t know if he____ tomorrow. If he _____，I"ll tell you． 　　A．comes, comes B．will come, will come C. will come, comes D. comes, will come 　　6．Do you know where _________ now？ 　　A．he lives B．does he live C．he lived D．did he live 　　7．Do you know what time ___？ 　　A．the train leave B．does the train leave C．will the train leave Dthe train leaves 　　8．I don"t know _________ ．Can you tell me，please？ 　　A．how the two players are oldB．how old are the two players C．the two players are how old D．how old the two players are 　　9．The small children don"t know _________ ． 　　A．what is their stockings inB．what is in their stockings C．where is their stockings in D．what in their stockings 　　10．I can"t understand _________ ． 　　A．what does Christmas mean B．what Christmas does meanC．what mean Christmas does D．what Christmas means 　　11 . When the job______, let me know. 　　A .do B .done C .is done D .finished 　　12 .She asked me if I knew__ . 　　A .whose pen is it B .whose pen it was C whose pen it is D .whose pen was it 　　13 .Miss Li wants to know _____________next week . 　　A .when my uncle leavesB .when will my uncle leave C .where my uncle will stay D .where does my uncle stay 　　14 .Could you tell me ________________with the money ? 　　A .how to do B .what should I do C .how I should do D .what I should do 　　 中考宾语从句真题演练 　　( )1. Everyone can play an important role in the society．As members，we should try our best to do__. 　　A. what we should do B. what should we do C. how we should do 　　( )2. --I really hope to keep in touch with Lily. --Sorry. I don"t know __. 　　A. what her name is B. what her job is C. what her number is D. when she left 　　( )3 —Can you tell me ______? —By doing more speaking. A how I will improve my English 　　B. which way can I choose C. how do I deal with my English D. what"s wrong with my English 　　( )4. How lovely the dog is ! Can you tell me _____? 　　A. where did you get it B. where will you get it C. where you got it 　　( )5.. --Excuse me, could you tell me ____ the book about aliens? --Sure, take the escalator to the second floor. 　　A. where I can buy B. where can I buy C. when can I buy D. when I can buy 　　( )6-“Do you know_ have our summer holiday?”-“Next week.”A.when will we B.when are weC. when we will 　　( )7 ---Do you know ____ the MP4 yesterday? -- Sorry, I"ve no idea about it. 　　A. how much did he pay for B. how much he paid for C. he paid for how much D. he paid how much for 　　( )8--What time will Mr. Brown be back to China? -- Sorry. I don"t know ___. 　　A. when did he go abroad B.why he is going abroad C.how soon will he be back Dhow long he will stay abroad 　　（ ）9. You can"t image ___ when the pupils received these nice presents on Children"s Day. 　　A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 　　（ ）10. –Can you tell me ______?–She is in the computer lab. 　　A. where Linda was B. where is Linda C. where was Linda D. where Linda 　　( )11. –Do you know _______ the Capital Museum? –Next Friday. 　　A. when will they visit B. when they will visit C. when did they visit D. when they visited 　　( )12. He wanted to know____the English party. 　　A. when will we have B. when we will have C. when would we have D. when we would have 　　( )13. I want to know_______. 　　A. when we should arrive at the airport B. when should we arrive at the airport 　　C. when the airport we should arrive at D. when the airport should we arrive at 　　( )14. –David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me_______? –He is a doctor. 　　A. who is he B. who he is C. what is he D. what he is 　　( )15. –Do you know___the girl in red is? –I"m not sure. Maybe a teacher. 　　A. when B. how C. where D. what 　　( )16. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me ________? 　　A. where you buy it B. where do you buy it C. where you bought it D. where did you buy it is 　　( )17. I really want to know ____ . 　　A. what is wrong with my brother B. how will he go to Beijing tomorrow C. if had he bought that car D. where did he go yesterday 　　( )18. Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me ? 　　A.where is the bank nearestB. where is the nearest bankC.where the nearest bank isD. the nearest bank is where 　　( )19.Lily"s mother looked for her for half an hour, but couldn"t find ____. 　　A. What Lily was. B. What was Lily C. Where Lily was D. Where was Lily 　　( )20--Could you tell me___? He is wanted by the head teacher.--Sorry, I"ve no idea.But he _ here just now． 　　A. where Tim was, was B. where is Tim，was C. where Tim is，was D．where Tim is，is ;

（what，who，where，how）+be+主语+V.

《高中英语语法-名词性从句》由英语我整理,更多请访问:https://www.liuxue86.com/english/。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。 名词性从句 名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。 (一)引导名词性从句的连接词 1、连接代词:who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。 2、连接副词:when, where, why, how。有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。 3、连接词:that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略;if (whether), as if虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。 注意:连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句,因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分,连接词whether 和if(是否),as if(好象)在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。根据句义,如果连接代词与连接副词,whether、if 和as if都用不上时,才用that作连接词(that本身无任何含义)。 (二)主语从句 1、主语从句在复合句作主语。 e.g. Who will go is not important. 2、用it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末。 e.g. It doesn"t matter so much whether you will come or not. 3、that引导主语从句时,不能省略。 e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. (三)表语从句 1、表语从句在复合句中作表语,位于系动词之后。 e.g. The question was who could go there. 2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。 e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work. (四)宾语从句 1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。 e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right. 2、介词之后的宾语从句,不可用which或if连接,要分别用what或 whether。 e.g. I"m interested in whether you"ve finished the work.. I"m interested in what you"ve said. 3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句,常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。 ①宾语从句是否定句时,只用if,不用whether。 e.g. I wonder if it doesn"t rain. ②用if 会引起误解,就要用whether。 e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.(此句如果把whether改成if,容易当成条件句理解) ③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用,就不能换成if;不直接连用,可换。 e.g. I don"t know whether or not the report is true. I don"t know whether/ if the report is true or not. ④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,还可引导让步状语从句,以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时,只能用if,而不能用whether。 e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time. They don"t know whether to go there. Please come to see me if you have time. (五)同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词(如:news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之后,说明该名词的具体内容。 e.g. I have no idea when he will be back. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 练习:名词性从句 一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句,并指出是什么从句: 1. China is no longer what it used to be. 2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all. 3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station. 4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all. 5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 7. That is where Lu Xun used to live. 8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about. 9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school? 10. I wonder why she refused my invitation. 二、用适当的连词填空: 1. I can"t decide ____________ dictionary I should buy. 2. That"s ____________ he refused my invitation. 3. I am very interested in ____________ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time. 4. ____________ we need is more time. 5. The fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody. 6. ____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet. 7. Please tell me ____________ you are waiting for. 8. Is that ____________ you are looking for? 9. Would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is? 10. I don"t know ____________ he will agree to the plan or not. 三、选择填空: 1. Do you see _____ I mean? A. that B./ C. how D. what 2. Tell me_____ is on your mind. A. that B. what C. which D. why 3. We must stick to _____ we have agreed on. A. what B. that C. / D. how 4. Let me see _____. A. that can I repair the radio B. whether -I can repair the radio C. I can repair the radio D. whether can I repair the radio 5. Keep in mind _____. A. that the teacher said B. what did the teacher say C. that did the teacher say D. what the teacher said 6. Could you advise me _____? A. which book should I read first B. what book should I read first C. that book 1 should read first D. which book I should read first 7. He was criticized for _____. A. he had done it B. what he had done C. what had he done D. that he had done it 8. Would you kindly tell me _____? A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station B. how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station C. where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station D. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station 9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _____. A. what had she seen in China B. that she had seen in China C. what she had seen in China D. which had she seen in China 10. We took it for granted ___ A. that they were not coming B. that were they not coming C. they were coming not D. were they not coining 11. I really don"t know _____ A. I should do next B. what should I do next C. what I should do next D. how I should do next 12. I"m afraid _____. A. the little girl will have to be operated on B. that will the little girl have to operate on C. the little girl will have to operate on D. that will the little girl have to be operated on 13. She walked up to _____ . A. where did I stand B. where I stood C. I stood there D. where I stood there 14. Can you tell me _____? A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom .is that gentleman 15. We"ll give you _____. A. that do you need B. what do you need C. whatever you need D. whether do you need 16. They want us to know _____ to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they 17. We must put _____ into practice. A. what we have learned B. that we have learned C. that have we learned D. what have we learned 18. Did she say anything about _____? A. that the work was to be done B. how was the work to be done C. that was the work to be done D. how the work was to be done 19. He was never satisfied with _____. A. what she had achieved B. had what she achieved C. she had achieved D. that she achieved 20. These photographs will show you _____. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 21. Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill. A. on that B. what C. that D. on which 22. They urged _____ the library open during the vacation. A. when B. where C. why D. that 23. We wish we could have learned _____ when we were at high school. A. what you did B. that you had done C. that what you did D. what did you do 24.1 will describe to you _____ I saw when there. A. what B. that C. which D./ 25. From _____ I should say he is a good worker. A. what 1 know of him B. that I do know of him C. what do I know of him D. that do I know of him 26. I will give this dictionary to __ wants to have it. A. whomever B. anyone C. whoever D. someone 27._____ they will come here hasn" t been decided yet. A. What B. That C. When D. Where 28. _____ was said here must be kept secret. A. Who B. The thing C. Whatever D. Where 29. It is still a question _____ we shall have our sports meet. A. if B. that C. what D. when 30. I"m going anyway. _____ she will go is up to her to decide. A. If or not B. Whether or not C. If D. That 31. It is strange _____ she have left without saying a word. A. that B. what C. why D. how 32. It is very clear _____ our policy is a correct one. A. what B. that C. why D. where 33. _____ Mr Zhang said is quite right. A. That B. When C. What D. Whether 34. It has been decided _____ he will be sent there. A. if B. whether C. why D. that 35. It doesn" t matter _____he" s come back or not. A. if B. whether C. that D. when 36. It"s a great pity _____ we won"t be able to finish the task on time. A. when B. that C. why D. where 37. It happened _____ I wasn"t there that day. A. when B. why C. where D. that 38._____ you have done might do harm to other people. A. What B. That C. Which D. The things 39. _____ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D.Who 40._____ the 2000 Olympic Games won"t be held in Beijing is known to all. A. Whether B. If C. Whenever D. That 41. _____ fails to see this will make a big mistake. A. That B. Whoever C. Whether D. Whether or not 42. __ we need more equipment is quite obvious. A. What B. Whether C. That D. Whatever 43. Has it been announced _____? A. when are the planes to take off B. that are the planes to take off C. where are the planes to take off D. when the planes are to take off 44. That is _____ we all support his idea. A. what B. why C. where D. when 45. That"s _____ we should do. A. that B. what C. how D. why 46. _____ is troubling me is _____ I don"t understand _____ he said A. What; that; what B. What; what; what C. That; that; what D. Why; that; which 47. Things were not _____ they seemed to be. A. when B. why C. that D. what 48. That"s _____ I want to say. A. all what B. what C. all which D. what that 49. That"s _____ . A. where our differences lie B. our differences lie there C. where do our differences lie D. that where our differences lie 50. That is _____ . A. where lived he there B. where did he live C. where he lived D. that where he lived 51. The questions is _____. A. whether is it worth doing B. that if it is worth doing C. whether it is worth doing D. if it is worth doing 52. Water will continue to be _____ it is today next in importance to oxygen. A. how B. which C. what D. as 53. That"s_____. A. how did I become a teacher B. how I became a teacher C. how a teacher I became D. that I became a teacher 54. They are just _____. A. that what shall I have B. what shall I have C. that I shall have what D. what I shall have 55. It looked ____. A. as if it was going to rain B. that as if it was going to rain C. as if was it going to rain D. as if that it was going to rain 56. That"s_____. A. how she did it B. that how did she do it. C. how did she do it D. what she did it 57. That is _____ we decided to put the discussion off. A. where B. which C. that D. why 58. That"s _____ I lived when I was ten years old. A. where B. at which C. there where D. when 59. My suggestion is _____ we should send a few comrades to help them. A. if B. that C. when that D. that where 60. The idea _____ all people are selfish is wrong. A. what B. that C. why D. if 61. We heard the news _____ our team had won. A. that B. what C. whether D. why 62. The fact _____ he hadn"t said anything surprised us all. A. why B. if C. that D. whether 63.I have no idea _____ she will be back. A. that B. where C. that when D. when 64. We must keep in mind the fact _____ China is still a developing country. A. whether B. that C. why D. when 65. They have no idea at all _____. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. where has he gone D. which place he has gone 《高中英语语法-名词性从句》由英语我整理,更多请访问:https://www.liuxue86.com/english/

浅谈连词有哪些？如何分类？连词是连接单词、 词组 、从句与句子的词，是虚词，因此它不独立担任句子成分。连词主要分为两大类：并列连词和从属连词。从属连词是用来引导各类从句的引导词，只能结合各类从句一并学习。并列连词按连接关系分以下四类：(1)表并列关系的and, both…and, neither…nor(2)表选择关系的or, either…or(3)表转折关系的but，while，only，however(4)表因果关系的for, so等。按连词形式分为独立连词和关联连词。1．独立连词：and，or，but, for2.关联连词是一类成对使用的连词，如：both……and……,either……or……neither……nor……not only……but also……not only…but…not……but…….as well例句：Rice and potatoes are common food.Many trees lose their leaves in winter, but evergreen trees do not.许多树木在冬天会落叶，但常绿树木不会。Either the windows were opened or the door was opened.要么窗户打开了，要么门打开了。并列连词非常简单，同时又非常重要，在破解长难句时，第一步就是找并列。如果并列句没找对，就彻底乱套了。这种既简单又重要的知识点务必掌握。以上内容是语法书和教材的通常说法，但我仍有几点疑惑：并列句中的因果关系与原因状语从句是什么关系？如何辨别？for和because，since，as词义都是因为，为什么for属于并列连词，而其他三个是从属连词？它们用法上有啥区别？希望大家在评论区留言讨论。

我和你一样的遭遇，其实你并不想这样，只是无力改变环境，也无力改变自身。不和你讲大道理，你每天晚上保持30分钟的学习激情好不？就学习30分钟，静下心看。然后白天上课的时候注意听讲就行，不要走神，慢慢来。

分类: 教育/科学 >> 学习帮助 解析: 一、反意疑问句的意义及其构成 反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简单的问句。完成后一部分简单问句时，要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问，前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分一般用否定式；反之，前一部分为否定式，后一部分要用肯定式，即“前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定”。 例 You have been to Beijing, haven"t you? 你去过北京，是吗？ 二、简单句式结构中反意疑问句的运用 反意疑问句运用于简单句式结构中时，我们应注意掌握以下几个方面 1、当陈述句部分的主语是名词时，反意疑问句的主语必须用人称代词来代替。 例 Your brother has gone to the library, hasn"t he? 你弟弟去图书馆了，是吗？ 2、当陈述句的主语是指示代词this, that时，反意疑问句的主语用it代替；指示代词是these, those时，反意疑问句的主语用they代替。 例 That isn"t a useful book, is it? 那不是一本有用的书，是吗？ These are important reading materials, aren"t they? 这些都是重要的阅读材料，是吗？ 3、当陈述句部分是I am…时，反意疑问句部分通常要用aren"t I；如陈述句部分的主语是I am not时，反意疑问句部分通常要用am I。 例 I"m late for the meeting, aren"t I? 我开会迟到了，是吗？ I"m not doing well, am I? *** 得不好，是吗？ 4、当陈述部分是everyone / everybody, someone / somebody, no one / nobody, none等表示人的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语多用they，但也可用he；当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, something, nothing等表示物的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语用it。 例 Nobody came when I was out, did they? 我在外时，没人来过，是吗？ Everything has gone wrong today, hasn"t it? 今天什么都出问题了，是不是？ 5、当陈述部分是“there be + 主语 + 其它”结构时，反意疑问部分要用“be (not) + there”结构。 例 There are some bananas in the basket, aren"t there? 篮子里有些香蕉，是吗？ 6、当陈述部分的谓语动词是have时，有两种情况 。 （1）have作“有”解时，反意疑问句部分可用have（not）或do（not）的相应形式。 例 His brother has a new bike, hasn"t (doesn"t) he? 他弟弟有一辆新自行车，是吗？ （2）have用作实义动词时，反意疑问句部分只可用do（not）的相应形式。 例 We have to start early, don"t we? 我们必须早点出发，是吗？ 7、当陈述部分有hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom, few, little, no, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式。 注 如果陈述句部分是带有否定前缀或后缀时，反意疑问句部分仍用否定结构。 例 It"s impossible for him to make such a mistake, isn"t it? 他不可能犯这样的错误，是吗？ 8、当陈述部分有情态动词ought to时，反意疑问句部分要用ought / should (oughtn"t / shouldn"t)；如陈述部分为情态动词used to，反意疑问部分可用 used或did；如陈述部分为had better，反意疑问部分用hadn"t或shouldn"t。 例 Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they? 这种事是不允许的，是吗？ You"d better do it by yourself, hadn"t / shouldn"t you? 你最好自己做，好吗？ 9、当陈述句部分有情态动词must时，反意疑问部分有四种情况 （1）must表示“必须、禁止“时，反意疑问部分要用must (mustn"t) 。 例 You mustn"t stop your car here, must you? 你不能把车停在这地方，知道吗？ （2）must表示“有必要”时，反意疑问句部分要用needn"t。 例 They must finish the work today, needn"t they? 他们今天必须要完成这项工作，是吗？ （3）当must用来表示对现在的情况进行“推测”时，反意疑问部分要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。 例 He must be good at maths, isn"t he? 他数学一定学得很好，是吗？ （4）当must用来表示对过去的情况进行“推测”（must + have done）时，如强调对过去情况的推测（一般句中有过去的时间状语），反意疑问句部分要用“didn"t + 主语”；如果强调动作的完成（一般没有过去时间状语），反意疑问句部分要用“haven"t / hasn"t + 主语”。 例 She must have read the novel last week, didn"t she? 她上星期一定读了这本小说了，是吗？ You must have told her about it, haven"t you? 你一定把这事告诉她了，是吗？ 10、当陈述部分的谓语动词是表示愿望的wish时，反意疑问部分要用may，而且前后两个部分均用肯定式。 例 I wish to go to the moon by spaceship some day, may I? 我希望总有一天能乘宇宙飞船去月球。 11、感叹句的反意疑问句一律使用否定式，并用be的一般现在时形式。 例 What a foolish child (he is), isn"t he? 多傻的孩子啊，不是吗？ 三、并列分句结构中反意疑问句的运用 当陈述句是由并列连接词and, but, or, for, so等连接的两个并列分句组成时，反意疑问句部分一般与最接近的分句保持一致，也就是说，对后一分句进行反问。 例 He was a lazy child, and he didn"t pass the exam, did he? 他是一个偷懒的孩子，他没能通过考试，是吗？ 四、复合句结构中反意疑问句的运用 反意疑问句用于主从复合句结构中时，要注意以下三种情况 1.一般情况下，陈述句部分是主从复合句时，反意疑问句部分的代词和助动词应与主句中的主语和动词保持一致。 例 This is the second time that he has been to Japan, isn"t it? 这是他第二次去日本，是吗？ 2.在宾语从句中，如果陈述句部分是“I think (believe, suppose, imagine, expect等) + 宾语从句”， 反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致，并要注意否定转移。 例 I don"t think you have heard of him before, have you? 我认为你以前没有听说过他，是吗？ 注 当think等这些动词的主语不是第一人称，或主语是第一人称，而动词时态不是一般现在时或一般过去时，这时，反意疑问句的助动词和人称代词要与主句保持一致。 例 Mary thinks you will e to the party, doesn"t she? 玛丽认为你将来参加晚会，是吗？ 3.当陈述句部分为主语从句时，反意疑问句的主语用it。 例 That he didn"t pass the entrance exam made his parents very angry, didn"t it? 他没有通过入学考试使得他的父母十分生气，是吗？ 五、祈使句结构中反意疑问句的运用 祈使句反意疑问句的构成，必须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其反意部分，有四种形式。 1．祈使句的肯定形式，其反意问句表示“请求”时，通常用will you；表示“邀请、劝说”时，用won"t you。 例 Be sure to write to us, will you? 一定要给我们写信，好吗？（表示“请求”） Come to have dinner with us this evening, won"t you? 今晚跟我们一起来吃饭，好吗？（表示“邀请”） 2．祈使句的否定形式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you构成。 例 Don"t *** oke in the meeting room, will you? 请不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？ 3．变异祈使句，即句首为一呼语，后接第二人称代词引导的一个一般现在时的陈述句，这时，我们应视为无主语的祈使句结构，反意疑问句部分要用will you构成。 例 Mike, you take all these tables out of the next room, will you? 迈克，你把这些桌子都搬出隔壁房间，好吗？ 4． Let开头的祈使句，构成反意疑问句时，除Let"s用shall we构成反意疑问句外，其它均用will you。 例 Let the boy go first, will you? 让那男孩先走，好吗？ Let"s take a walk after supper, shall we? 晚饭后，我们去散步，好吗？ 六、反意疑问句的回答 对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。 例 ---He likes playing football, doesn"t he? 他喜欢踢足球，是吗？ ---Yes, he does. / No, he doesn"t. 是的。/ 不是。 ---His sister didn"t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议，是吗？ ---Yes, she did. / No, she didn"t. 不，她参加了。/ 是的，她没参加。 巩固练习 1. ---Li Ping told me that he overslept this morning. ---Oh, he rarely used to oversleep, ________? A. usedn"t he B. was he C. didn"t he D. did he 2. Mike isn"t a hard-working student, for this is the third time that he has been late, _______? A. isn"t it B. is he C. hasn"t he D. isn"t this 3. ---They don"t seem to answer the phone. ---There isn"t anyone at home, ________? A. isn"t there B. is there C. is it D. isn"t it 4. There aren"t many cafes. We"d better stop at the next place we see, _______? A. hadn"t we B. wouldn"t we C. had we D. didn"t we 5. Let us share the car, _______? A. shall we B. will you C. may we D. can we 6. Comrade Li came here yesterday. I don"t believe you"ve seen him before， ？ A. have you B. haven"t you C. do I D. didn"t he Key D A B A B A

第一个问题我同意你的观点，是宾语从句，书也会出错。复合句分为： 名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句。而宾语从句是名词性从句的一种，地点状语从句是状语从句的一种。第一个问题宾语从句不光是可跟在动词后面如：I wonder where you have been ? 宾语从句还可以跟在介词后面如: I am sorry for what i have done. 也可以跟在形容词后面： 如： I m sure (that) you will make it.第一个句子是宾语从句where the children discover the secret cave.做介词to 的宾语。在宾语从句中，where 做状语。状语从句要修饰谓语动词没错。I will go where the Party want me to go.Put the book where It was. Where there is a will , there is a way.第二个句子是地点状语从句，意思是迷路的小女孩决定呆在原地等妈妈。又如： Stay where you are.呆在原地别动。 Stay where you were.呆在原来的地方。

1. 英语作文万能句子精选 问好 Nice to meet you!Hello!How are you?Nice to meet you, too!Hello!I am fine, thanks.问姓名 What is yourhisher name?Myhisher name is Jenny.问颜色 What colour is it?What is your favourite colour?It is red.My favourite colour is blue 问地方 Where is my book?There it is！问数量 How many pens do you have?Four.问感觉 How do you feel?I am happy！问事物 What is this?It is a book.问事情 What is the matter?What are they doing?I cut my knee.They are playing.问年龄 How old are you?I am ten years old.要东西 May I have o books, please?Sure！小学英语写作重点句型短语 一、短语1、that little girl那个小女孩2、（be） so short如此矮3、（be）so cute如此可爱4、（be）very naughty非常淘气5、a little chick 一只小鸡6、o big red hens两只大红母鸡 二、句型1、Who are they,Lingling?They are my grandparents.玲玲。 他们是谁？他们是我的祖父母。【Who是对人进行提问，也就是对第二句的中的my grandparents的提问。】 再如：Who is that little boy?It`s Tom.那个小男孩是谁？是汤姆。练习：那个小女孩是谁？是我。 2、They are my grandparents.They were young,then.他们是我的祖父母。他们那时是年轻的。 【这两个句子的结构是“e69da5e887aa62616964757a686964616f31333366303731主语（代词、名词）+be(amisarewaswere)+表语（名词、形容词等）”表语是说明主语身份、特征的。】 再如：They are old.他们是年老的。 练习：她那时是胖的，她现在是瘦的。3、I was o,then.我那时两岁了。 【主语+be+年龄】 练习：我那时三岁了，我现在11岁了。4、But your hair was so short.但是（那时）你的头发是如此的短。 【在形容词前可以加上“so、very等副词”】 再如：You were so cute.你如此可爱。练习：她那时也非常淘气。 5、She was fat.Now she`s thin.她（那时）胖，她现在瘦了。【第一个句子是说明过去的事，be用过去式（was、were）；第二个句子是说明现在的事，用一般现在时be(am、is、are)】 练习：他（那时）矮，他现在高。 他们（那时）年轻，现在他们上年纪了（年老了）。6、They weren`t old then .They were young.那时他们不上年纪，他们年轻。 【这两个句子是同义句，划线部分是一对反义词，第一个句子用否定句，第二个句子用肯定句。】 练习：她那时不高，她是（很）矮。 他那时不淘气。他是可爱的。 它那是不胖。它是瘦的。 7、Was it fat ?No,it wasn`t.It was thin.它胖吗？不，它不胖。它是瘦的。 【这是be的一般过去时的一般疑问句，是把be的形式（was、were）提到句首。注意答语。 用“yes、no回答后，再用一个反义词的肯定句回答。”】 练习：他们年轻吗？不，不是的。 他们年老了。他淘气吗？不，不是的。 他是可爱的。 2. 写大象的英语作文（6句话2种以上句型 Elephant is the largest animal on land today. It weights some niy kilograms and is about one metre high when born. When it is 12 years old, it studs over three meters and does not grow any more. Elephant is usually grey in color, having a long trunk with large ivory tusks protruding from each side of its mouth. Usually moving in groups and caring for each other, Elephant is know to be a very and gentle creamre. For many years people have used the strength of these poweful animals to move trees and heavy logs. Elephant has been and is a vital tool for people to do many things that would normally be imposs-ible. Elephant is and will continue to be one of the greatest creatures man has ever e into contact with. Its size. beauty, and power willforever be useful to man.。 3. 写英语作文常用句型 一、引出开头 1:It is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==As far as my knowledge is concerned， …（ 就我所知…） 2:Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注） 3:Nowadays(overpopulation)has bee a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题） 4:Inter has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题） 5:With the rapid development of science and technology,more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……） 6:It is a mon belief that……==It is monly believed that……（人们一般认为……） 7:A lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎认为……） 8:It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道。） 二、表达不同观点 1:People"s views on……vary from person to person. Some hold that……However, others believe that……（人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……） 2:People may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解） 3:Attitudes towards (drugs)vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards(failure)（人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异） 4:There are different opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同） 三、表示结尾 1:In short, it can be said that……（总之，他的意思是……） 2:From what has been mentioned above, we can e to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的，我们可以得出结论……） 3:Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably e to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……） 4:Hence/Therefore, we"d better e to the conclusion that……（因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……） 5:There is no doubt that (job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.（毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点） 6:All in all, we cannot live without……，but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（总之，我们没有……无法生活，但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题） 四、提出建议 1:It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了） 2:There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视） 3:Obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……（显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……） 4:Only in this way can we ……（只有这样，我们才能……） 5:Spare no effort to + V （不遗余力的） 五、预示后果 1:Obviously,if we don"t control the problem, the chances are that……will lead us in danger.（很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题，很有可能我们会陷入危险） 2:No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that ……（毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则我们很可能会……） 3:It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation（很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展） 六、表示论证 1:From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.（在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理） 2:I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……（我无法完全同意这一观点） 3:As far as I am concerned/In my opinion，……（就我来说……） 4:I sincerely believe that……==I am greatly convinced (that)子句.（我真诚地相信……） 5:Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……（最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……） 七、给出原因 1:The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 （。的原因是。） 2:This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons .First，…….Second，…….Third，……。这一现象存在有很多原因的，第一……第二……第三…… 3:For one thing，…… For another thing，…… ==On the one hand，……On the other hand……一方面……另一方面…… 4:I quite agree with the statement that……The reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分赞同这一论述，即……。 其主要原因如下。 八、列出解决办法和批判错误观点做法 1:The best way to solve the troubles is……解决这些麻烦的最好办法是…… 2:As far as something is concerned，……就某事而言，…… 3;It is obvious that……很显然…… 4:It may be true that……but it doesn"t mean that……可能……是对的，但这并不意味着…… 5;It is natural to believe that……but we shouldn"t ignore that……认为……是自然的，但我们不应忽视…。 4. 求英语作文可套用的句型 1.It is +形容词+for *** to do sth. 做某事对某人来说怎么样```是写英语作 *** 常用句型``2.用there +be句型开头。 3.在句子中可以引用适当的连词``例如：however然而.therefore因址.otherwise否则.second.then。.4.可以用适当的引导词``关系副词有 where.when.why。 关系代词 who whom which that whose5.可以用as which引导的非限制定语从句..学会运用以上的句型就差不多可以了 ``一篇好的作文不要有太多高级的句子``适当的用一两个就OK 其他的可以用一般句型来写 一般句子结构 主语+谓语《一般现在时的谓语就用am..is..are 一般过去时就用was 或 were 要注意人称哦 ``单数用am is was 复数用are were 》+宾语6. 简单句子结构很容易理解 有人物 有时间 有地点就ok`` 作文如果用太多高级句子会显示出这篇文章很无趣``作文不但要写得好，还要注意老师评卷标准和心情哦 `` 7.好啦`想知道更多方法就+QQ735376435哦 `。 5. 写英语作文用什么样的句型 1.As far as …is concerned 就……而言 2.It goes without saying that… 不言而喻，… 3.It can be said with certainty that… 可以肯定地说…… 4.As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的， 5.It has to be noticed that… 它必须注意到，… 6.It"s generally recognized that… 它普遍认为… 7.It"s likely that … 这可能是因为… 8.It"s hardly that… 这是很难的…… 9.It"s hardly too much to say that… 它几乎没有太多的说… 10.What calls for special attention is that…需要特别注意的是。 6. 用英语五种基本句式,写一篇作文【要自创】 Today is Friday, one of my favorite days among the whole week. Several plans of tonight have been made by friends and me. Plan A, we can go to the cinema and enjoy the latest movie. Plan B, a *** all party will be held in my home, on the premise of my parents" allowance. What is our plan C? We are still working on it. Anyway, wherever we go, tonight must be interesting with my dear friends around. 如果没有采纳，请告诉我理由，谢谢！ 7. 英语作文经典句型像thereisnodoubtthat 1.It"s time for 。 / It"s time to do sth.2.It"s bad for 。3.It"s good for 。 4.be late for 。5.What"s wrong with …What"s the matter with 。 What"s the trouble with 。6.There is something wrong with 。 7.be afraid of …be afraid to do sth.8.neither…nor….9.either….or….10.both…and…11.not…at all.第二部分：主语+谓语+宾语1.help *** .do sth2.had better do sth.3.want to do sth.4.would like to do sth.5.stop to do sth / stop doing sth.6.begin to do sth.7.decide to do sth.8.like to do sth.9.hope to do sth.10.do one"s best to do sth.11.agree to do sth.12.enjoy doing sth.13.keep (on) doing sth.14.finish doing sth.15.go on doing sth.16.be busy doing sth.17.feel like doing sth.18.practise doing sth.19.spend time/ money on sth20.spend time in doing sth.21.prevent/ stop *** .from doing sth.第三部分：主语+及物动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）1.give *** .sth.= give sth.to *** .2.pass *** .sth.= pass sth.to *** .3.show *** .sth.= show sth.to *** .4.bring *** .sth.= bring sth.to *** .5.tell *** .sth.6.teach *** .sth.7.buy *** .sth.=buy sth for *** .8.lend *** .sth=lend sth to *** .9.help *** .do sth./ help *** .with sth.10.teach *** .to do sth.第四部分：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语1.tell *** .(not) to do sth.2.ask *** .(not) to do sth.3.would like *** .to do sth.4.keep *** .+形容词5.keep *** .doing sth.6.let *** .(not) do sth.7.make *** .(not) do sth.8.have sth.done9.see/ hear/ watch *** .do sth.10.see/ hear/ watch *** .doing sth.第五部分：It 作形式主语1.It takes *** .some time to do sth.2.It is +(important,necessary,difficult,possible,polite…)for *** .to do sth.第六部分：复合句时间状语从句：1.not …..until+时间状语从句2.as soon as +时间状语从句比较状语从句：1.…as+形容词或词原级+as….2.…not as/ so+形容词或副词原级+as…结果状语从句：…so +形容词或副词的原级+that引导的结果状语句相关句型：…too+形容词或副词原级+to do sth.宾语从句：1.I don"t think that…2.We hope/ make sure that…3.I wonder if…让步状语从句：Though…。 8. 求20个英语作文的万能句子句型,要最实用的,用在高考上的 1.The word "impssible" is never in my dictionary. 2.knowledge is power. 3.Speech is silver,but silence is golden. 4.One today is worth too tomorrow 5.Living without an aim is like sailing without a pass 6.Where there is a will,there is a way 7.No roads of flowers lead to succes 8.If winter es , can spring be far behind? 9.Down or done 10.I"m looking forward to your reply 11.As far as I"m concerned （在我看来） 12.For the purpose of~~ 13.A good beginning is half done 14.Thank you for your···· 15.It is no wonder that···· 16.Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well 17.It is believed that··· 18.We cannot attach too much importance to the problem （越重视越好） 19.The more (you read), the more(you learn) 20.It is not because it"s difficult that we don"t dear to do it, but it is because we don"t dear to do it that it is difficult.

which指代物，who指代人，第一题的grammar“语法书”是物，第二题的worker工人是人。Is ___ some German friends visited last week? 你把答案填进去再转化成陈述句，填this the school就变成this is the school some German friends visited last week. 先行词是school，关系词是tthat或者which，因为作从句中visit的宾语可以省略。但是填this school where就变成了this school is where some German friends visited last week. 这样关系副词where就没有了先行词。This is the hotel ___last months.填where they stayed是因为 hotel是where的先行词。具体语法规则网上可以搜到很多，需要慢慢理解，多思考多练习。希望能帮到你。

宾语从句

反意疑问句 一、反意疑问句的意义及其构成 反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简单的问句。完成后一部分简单问句时，要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问，前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分一般用否定式；反之，前一部分为否定式，后一部分要用肯定式，即“前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定”。 例 You have been to Beijing, haven"t you? 你去过北京，是吗？ He hasn"t been to Shanghai, has he ? 二、简单句式结构中反意疑问句的运用 1.当陈述句部分的主语是名词时，反意疑问句的主语必须用人称代词来代替。 例 Your brother has gone to the library, hasn"t he? 你弟弟去图书馆了，是吗？ 2、当陈述句的主语是指示代词this, that时，反意疑问句的主语用it代替；指示代词是these, those时，反意疑问句的主语用they代替。 例 That isn"t a useful book, is it? 那不是一本有用的书，是吗？ These are important reading materials, aren"t they? 这些都是重要的阅读材料，是吗？ 3、当陈述句部分是I am…时，反意疑问句部分通常要用aren"t I；如陈述句部分的主语是I am not时，反意疑问句部分通常要用am I。 例 I"m late for the meeting, aren"t I? 我开会迟到了，是吗？I"m not doing well, am I? 4、当陈述部分是everyone / everybody, someone / somebody, no one / nobody, none等表示人的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语多用they，但也可用he；当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, something, nothing等表示物的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语用it。 例 Nobody came when I was out, did they? 我在外时，没人来过，是吗？ Everything has gone wrong today, hasn"t it? 今天什么都出问题了，是不是？ 5、当陈述部分是“there be + 主语 + 其它”结构时，反意疑问部分要用“be (not) + there”结构。 例 There are some bananas in the basket, aren"t there? 篮子里有些香蕉，是吗？ 6、祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除了Let"s 开头的祈使句，疑问部分用shall we 之外，其余一律用will you ，在这里并非表示疑问，而是进一步叮咛嘱托。只不过shall you 也包括说话人在内。例Let"s go to see the film together,shall we ? 我们一起去看电影，好吗？ Let us go to see the film together, will you? 我们一起去看电影，好吗？ 7当陈述部分是 “had better +动词原形 是，疑问部分用“ had hadn"t +主语” 例You"d better go to school now, hadn"t you ？ 你最好现在就去学校，好吗？ 8、当陈述部分有hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom, few, little, no, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式。 注 如果陈述句部分是带有否定前缀或后缀时，反意疑问句部分仍用否定结构。 例 It"s impossible for him to make such a mistake, isn"t it? 他不可能犯这样的错误，是吗？ 9、感叹句的反意疑问句一律使用否定式，并用be的一般现在时形式。 例 What a foolish child (he is), isn"t he? 多傻的孩子啊，不是吗？ 10反意疑问句用于主从复合句结构中时，要注意以下情况 1.)一般情况下，陈述句部分是主从复合句时，反意疑问句部分的代词和助动词应与主句中的主语和动词保持一致。 例 This is the second time that he has been to Japan, isn"t it? 这是他第二次去日本，是吗？ 2.)在宾语从句中，如果陈述句部分是“I think (believe, suppose, imagine, expect等) + 宾语从句”， 反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致，并要注意否定转移。 例 I don"t think you have heard of him before, have you? 我认为你以前没有听说过他，是吗？ 注 当think等这些动词的主语不是第一人称，或主语是第一人称，而动词时态不是一般现在时或一般过去时，这时，反意疑问句的助动词和人称代词要与主句保持一致。 例 Mary thinks you will come to the party, doesn"t she? 玛丽认为你将来参加晚会，是吗？ 三 反意疑问句的回答 “ 根据事实回答” 对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。 例 ---He likes playing football, doesn"t he? 他喜欢踢足球，是吗？ ---Yes, he does. / No, he doesn"t. 是的。/ 不是。 ---His sister didn"t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议，是吗？ ---Yes, she did. / No, she didn"t. 不，她参加了。/ 是的，她没参加。 巩固练习 1. ---They don"t seem to answer the phone. ---There isn"t anyone at home, ________? 2 There aren"t many cafes. We"d better stop at the next place we see, _______? 3. Let us take the taxi, _______? Don"t open the door, ? 4. Comrade Li came here yesterday. I don"t believe you"ve seen him before， ？ 5.Tom told the story, ? His parents laugh , ? 6.Everyone is here, ? Everything is ok, ? 7.I"m much better today, ? 8.What bad weather! ? How beautiful the flowers are! ? 9 Mary has never been to Beijing, ? 10.This is a book, ? Those are boats, ?

　　通过课文的学习，引导学生懂得任何一件事物都得付出很多的劳动，懂得爱惜报纸，爱惜各种书籍。以下是我为您整理的精选高中英语教案范文三篇，供您参考，更多详细内容请点击教案栏目查看。 　　篇一： 　　教学目标 　　1) Important vocabularies 　　Daily; advertisement; check interview; fix; develop; hand; 　　　　add; deliver; speed; latest; publish; avoid; besides; get down 　　to ; face-to face; be popular with somebody; as well; care for 　　2)Daily expressions 　　Are you /Will you be free then? 　　Yes, I"d be fee. I"d like to go. 　　Let"s go together then. I"ll meet you at the theatre at six - thirty . 　　Good! See you then. 　　What time shall we meet? 　　Where is the best place to meet? 　　What about meeting outside? I suggest… 　　3) Useful phases 　　What"s on…? Is there anything good on? 　　They are said to be very good. 　　Finally, there is no more time left for adding new stories. 　　4) Grammar 　　V.-ing Form is used to be Subject and Object 　　教学建议 　　能力训练 　　1.通过口头练习，学会日常生活中的各种表达方式。 　　2.学会介绍事物及报刊杂志的方法，了解这种文体的写作技巧。 　　德育渗透 　　1.通过课文的学习，引导学生懂得任何一件事物都得付出很多的劳动，懂得爱惜报纸，爱惜各种书籍。 　　2.通过对报纸各版面的介绍，扩大了同学们的眼界，增强了他们求知欲和学习积极性。 　　师生互动活动 　　Lesson 13：口头练习：对话交际功能——日常生活用语。 　　Lesson 14：学生扮演主编介绍报纸出版的过程。 　　Lesson 15：学生扮演主编介绍《中国日报》的内容。 　　Lesson 16：笔头练习：写一篇介绍一种报纸或杂志的英语论文。 　　教材分析 　　从本单元的对话来看，主要是学习如何用英语提出约会以及如何应答约会的日常用语，如：询问对方是否有空，建议会面时间和地点及如何应答的日常用语，并能运用Will you be free?到It"s.. What about…?等最为普通的语言功能进行日常交际， 同时也注重check, fix, face-to face, deliver, take a photograph, pass on, get down to, as well, what"s on 等重点词汇和短语在本单元中学习，本单元中的阅读课主要内容是了解报社一天的工作和报纸的出版过程及《中国日报》的一些情况，同时在这里运用了重点语法知识，V.-ing形式充当主语和宾语的用法。 　　重点知识讲解 　　1.Sure, go ahead.行，请便吧! 　　1)Sure这里作副词，表示肯定(=Surely，Certainly，Of course) 　　2)Go ahead有下列几种常用的用法： 　　A.(用于祈使句)尽管去做 　　—May I use your dictionary? 我可以用你的词典吗? 　　— Yes, go ahead.行，你尽管问吧! 　　B.继续做(某事) go ahead with sth. 　　Don"t stop. Just go ahead with your work.不要停下来。只管干你们的活。 　　C.领先;先走一步。 　　You go ahead and tell them we"re coming.你先走一步，告诉他们我们就来。 　　D.取得进展;有进步。 　　The modem agriculture and industry are going ahead rapidly. 现代工农业正在迅猛发展。 　　2.They"re said to be very good.据说他们都很不错。 　　不定式“to be very good作主语补足语，说明主语的情况。全句相当于It is said that they are very good 或 People say (that) they are very good。 　　这类句子在转换时，要注意不定式的形式变化。 　　(1) It is said that he is translating the book into English. = He is said to be translating the book into English. 　　(2) It is said that he has translated the book into English. = He is said to have translated the book into English. 　　3.Cover the events 采访这些事件。 　　cove vt.1)对……进行新闻采访 　　All the reporters want to cover the important events as soon as possible.所有的记者都想尽快地对这些重大事件进行采访。 　　2)覆盖 　　You can put out the fire by covering it with a wet quilt.用一条湿棉被把火盖住，就可以把火扑灭。 　　3)行程为……;走…… 　　By sunset, we had covered thirty miles. 日落的时候，我已走了三十英里。 　　4.…fix a time for a face- to- face interview with them. 约定时间同他们进行面对面的采访。 　　1)fix v. 　　A. agree on; arrange 约定;安排;商定 　　We"ve fixed the date for the meeting.我们以约定了会议的日期。 　　B.repair修理 　　She is fixing a shelf to the wall.她正把一个架子固定在墙上。 　　fix one"s eyes on：用(眼睛等)盯住 　　fix one"s attention on 把(注意力)集中在…… 　　He stood there, his attention fixed on the notice on the wall.他站在那儿，集中注意力在看墙上的布告。 　　2)face-to-face 　　A.adj.面对面(作定语) 　　face-to-face argument面对面的争论 类似的短语： 　　heart-to-heart;交心的 hand-to-hand短兵相接的 　　B.面对面地 　　face to face with sth. /sb.面对面看……(作状语);类似的短语： 　　shoulder to shoulder;heart to heart;hand in hand; arm in arm 　　5.They go to the newspaper"s own library to look up any information that they need.他们到报社自己的图书馆去查阅他们需要的资料。 　　(1)that　they　 need定语从句，修饰先行词information。关系代词只用that而不用which，因为当先行词之前有不定代词all，any，every，no，some等修饰时或先行词本身就是不定代词(如anything，something，nothing，all等)时，其后的定语从句常用关系代词引导。如果that在定语从句中作宾语，that可以省略。 　　Have you got any book that interests you much? 你有没有使你感兴趣的书? 　　2)look up 　　A.查阅;查找 　　If there are words you don"t understand, look them up in the dictionary.如果有不认识的词，就查字典。 　　注意：“查字典”应为look sth up in the dictionary而不能说look up the dictionary. 　　B.看望 　　Don"t forget to look me up when you come to Beijing.到了北京别忘了来看我。 　　6.work at, work on的区别 　　work on sth.中sth.是work的具体对象，work at sth.中sth.只说明所从事工作的性质(即时间、精力用在某一方面的事情上)，而不在于说明正在做什么。如： 　　When the boy saw the soldiers, he stopped working on the branch, stood up, and took off his cap. 小男孩看到了这些士兵，便停止了削树枝，站了起来，取下帽子。(树枝是具体的对象) 　　work on还表示“继续工作”“努力影响或努力说服”。 　　Can you work on him to make him change his mind? 你能努力说服他改变主意吗? 　　篇二： 　　教学目标 　　本单元对话课复习了有关问路及应答用语，要求学生用所学语言自编对话描述所在学校、区域或城市; 　　本单元介绍了美国的迪斯尼乐园及其创始人Walt Disney艰苦创业的生活经历。通过本单元教学，要求学生掌握迪斯尼乐园的概况，并可根据提示复述沃尔特?迪斯尼奋斗的生活简历。引导学生意识到只有通过自身的努力，艰苦奋斗，才能收获成功的道理。同时，设计问答练习，提高学生阅读能力。 　　作为高二的起始单元，此处复习了宾语从句的用法，通过课文阅读，完成练习册后练习，学生需熟练掌握此语言项目，并准确运用到口头及书面表达中。 　　对话教学建议 　　Step 1听录音 　　教师放对话录音，放完两遍之后，教师根据对话内容提出一些问题。 　　1.What were they talking about ? 　　2.How to answer the first /second/third/forth/fifth visitor question? 　　Step 2 练习 　　组织学生五个人一组，练习对话三至五分钟。教师请几组同学到前面表演。 　　Step 3改写 　　将对话内容改写为一篇短文，要求学生用本课的地点名称如： 　　Sleeping Beauty Castle , Bear Country, Horse-drawn streetcars, the Tomorrow Land Building 　　比如：Carl is answering visitors" questions. The first visitor asks Carl the way to the Sleeping Beauty Castle…. 　　Step 4 讨论 　　If you are visitor, How to ask the way to the stranger at first? 　　Step 5总结 　　教师提问学生们，归纳和总结对话用语。 　　Asking: 　　Where is …... 　　How can I get to… 　　Which is the way to… 　　Could you tell me if… 　　Could you tell me the way to… 　　Answering: 　　Go straight ahead… 　　It"s behind …/in frond of/ 　　Go down this street… 　　教材分析 　　本课的日常用语用语是有关对话asking the way and responses,这样的问路用语在初中都以学过，所以对话不在是个难点。本课的两篇阅读文章是有关人物，沃尔特·迪斯尼。难点在于第一篇是了解他的生活经历和艰苦创业。第二篇是我们众所周知的Disneyland，两篇文章结合着学过的语法知识宾语从句在里面，这也不是学生们所要了解的重点。 　　篇三： 　　教学目标 　　Teaching aims 　　通过本单元的教学，学生了解有关急救的常识，在生活中如何处理一些突发事件，然后实施紧急救护等总结，归纳情态动词的用法，如：should/shouldn"t; must/mustn"t ;ought to等表示义务和责任的用法。 　　Teaching important and difficult points 　　1.Words 　　knee, still, bite (bit, bitten/bit), lay (laid, laid), mouth-to-mouth, bum, cut, electric, container pool, breathe, within, handkerchief, wound, safety, wire, guard, sideway, firm, firmly wherever, stomach, injure, injured, injury, poison, quantity, nearby 　　2.Phrases 　　first aid, ought to, medical care, by mistake, pay attention to, in a short while, deal with, take it easy, running water, out of one"s reach, throw up, hold up 　　3. Useful expressions 　　We must carry her to the side of the road. 　　You mustn"t move someone if they are badly hurt. 　　Parents should know some first aid. 　　You shouldn"t get up if you are badly hurt. 　　I ought to go home. 　　I have to cook supper for my grandmother. 　　4. Grammar 　　Revise Modal Verbs : must, should 　　Study Modal Verb: ought to 　　教学建议 　　课文建议 　　教师安排中国学习联盟声朗读课文，理解课文含义，通过阅读，教师对学生可小组讨论，提问，口语练习，复述急救方法等，教师给学生展示几组图片，帮助学生学会一般的急救措施和家庭安全常识。 　　写作建议 　　教师布置学生写作的题目及要求，教师给学生几分钟时间进行讨论，教师给学生一些关键的词语，如：breathe, First Aid Centre, handkerchief, mouth-to mouth so on.之后，教师给学生十分钟左右时间开始写，最后教师请几位同学朗读，教师给予讲评。 　　教材分析 　　本单元是围绕First aid, Safety in the home,展开话题。对话课中描述两个学生在街上看到一个女孩从自行车上摔下来的经过，同时对话中使用了情态动词的用法，课文中附有图片和口语练习，帮助学生了解急救的重要性及有关的常识。 　　重点难点： 　　1. What should you do if a person has drunk poison by mistake? 假如有人误喝了毒药，你怎么办? 　　by mistake是固定词组，意为“错误地”，“无心地(做错了事)”。例如： 　　She put salt in her cup of coffee by mistake.她错将盐放入咖啡里了。 　　2. do with，deal with 　　二者都可以用来表示“处理”的意思 　　但是用于特殊疑问句的时候do with与what连用;deal with则与how连用。例如： 　　你会怎样处理一个从自行车上摔倒而严重受伤的? 　　另外，do with还可表达别的意思。例如： 　　What did you do with my umbrella? (=Where did you put my umbrella?) 　　你把我的伞放到哪里去了? 　　What are we to do with this naughty boy? (=How are we to deal with this naughty boy?) 我们该怎样处置这个顽皮的男孩? 　　3. knock at, knock down & knock into的区别 　　knock at 指“敲打门窗” 　　I heard someone knocking at the door.我听见有人敲门。 　　Tom tried knocking at the window.汤姆试着敲了敲窗户。 　　knock down 指“……撞倒” 　　He nearly knocked me down at the corner.在拐角处，他几乎把我撞倒。 　　He was knocked down by a car. 他被汽车撞倒了。 　　knock into 指“碰倒，撞上某人”，也可指“偶然碰见”。 　　The child knocked into the teacher.那孩子撞到了老师身上。 　　He knocked into the chair in the dark.黑暗中他撞在了椅子上。 　　He didn"t expect to knock into some of his friends here.他没有想到在这儿遇见一些朋友。

无语~

使用if从句写作文是一种比较高级的写作技巧，可以增加文章的逻辑性、流畅性和表现力。下面以“如何学好英语”为主题，演示如何使用if从句写作文。如果想要学好英语，首先必须掌握基本语法和词汇。如果你的语法和词汇不够扎实，那么就算掌握了一些高级语言知识，也无法正确表达自己的思想。如果你已经具备了基础知识，那么接下来的关键是多读多听多说多写。如果你不知道如何应用语言知识，也没有机会锻炼语言表达能力，那么即使你掌握了再多的词汇和语法，也无法在实际交流中得到有效的应用。如果你想快速提高自己的英语水平，那么可以尝试结交一些外国朋友，与他们经常交流，充分利用口语交流的机会。如果你有条件的话，可以考虑出国留学，充分接触英语环境，迫使自己不断使用英语来表达思想和交流信息。如果你想在英语学习中获得更高的效率，那么可以采用多种学习方法，如英语听力训练、英语口语练习、英语阅读理解、英语写作等。如果你选择了适合自己的英语学习方法，并坚持了长时间的学习和实践，那么你就一定会成功掌握英语这门语言。通过使用if从句，可以让文章内容更加具体、有针对性。同时，if从句也可以帮助写作者将文章内容组织得更加清晰明了。

新概念一共144课，其中单课为课文，双课为语法和练习。整本书是以单数课为正课，并附带有插图而双数课则是针对单数课所讲的内容有针对性地进行练习，从此出展现出整个新概念一教材区别于其他教材的独特之处。以下是对新概念一整本教材的理解和剖析，以供各位对整个课本的理解和把握上参考和借鉴。首先根据课本中出现的时态来分析：　　本册书的语法出现层次性和规律性是很强的，首先我们先来整本书中都出了哪些时态，这些时态的具体分布和讲解时我们大家需要注意的递进性。　　Lesson 31—34 现在进行时　　Lesson 37—40 第一次出现be going to 的将来时　　Lesson 51—56 一般现在时　　Lesson 67—76 为一般过去式　　Lesson 83—90 为现在完成时　　Lesson 91—96 为一般将来时 (will)　　Lesson 117—118 过去进行时　　Lesson 119—120 过去完成时　　除去前面所有时态和句型所占据的76课我们一起来看一下以下的68课，每一课小的语言点，语法点都是在什么地方，应该用什么样的方式来讲解。　　在这里告诉学员新概念一的每一个单课的重点都是出现双课的标题和课后的练习题里面。　　Lesson1—2　　语言点：与陌生人说话或引起别人的注意。Excuse me. Yes? Pardon? Thank you very much.　　语法点：主系表结构this为主语，名词做表语1的一般疑问句以及它的肯定回答。Is this your handbag? Yes, it is.　 Lesson 5—6　 语言点：如何介绍别人。This is Miss Sophie Dupont. Nice to meet you.　 语法点：主语为第三人称单数的主系表结构。She is French. He is German. It"s a Volvo.(L6)　　 a/an 的使用。　　Lesson 7—8　　语言点：如何自我介绍和相互认识。　　语法点：主语为第二人称的主系表结构。Are you French?　　 What nationality are you? What"s your job? 特殊疑问句。　　Lesson 9—10　　语言点：朋友或熟识的人之间如何相互问候。How are you?　　语法点：主系表结构形容词做表语。　　 介词短语表示位置 near the window, on the televion, on the wall Lesson 29—30　　语言点：如何发号命令。　　语法点：祈使句（肯定）。　　 动词与宾语的固定搭配。　　Lesson 37—38 语言点：如何表达将要做的事情。　 语法点：现在进行时态be going to do结构表达将要发生的事情。　　 There be 句型的一般疑问句形式。　　Lesson 41-42　　语法点：如何表示不可数名词的量。　　Lesson 63-64　　语言点：建议忠告。　　语法点：don"t do…. You mustn"t do…　　Lesson 65-66　　语法点：具体时间表示法(半点和刻钟）。　　 反身代词。　　 具体日期表达方式。　　Lesson 73-74　　语言点：问路。　　语法点：不规则动词的过去式。　　 形容词转变成副词。　　Lesson 77-78　　语言点：看病。　　语法点：综合时间表达方式。　　Lesson 105-106　　语言点：办公室用语。　　语法点：want sb to do…./ tell sb to do…以及其否定形式。　　Lesson 103-104　　语言点：考试。　　语法点：宾语从句。（从句部分为非现在时态）　　 程度副词 too, very ,enough　　Lesson 125-126　　语言点：/　　语法点：have to do…/ don"t need to do…　　Lesson 127-128　　语言点：娱乐界。　　语法点：must/can"t 对现在事情的肯定/否定猜测。　　Lesson 129-130　　语言点：交通状况。　　语法点：must/can"t have been….对过去事情的肯定/否定猜测。　　Lesson 131-132　　语言点：度假。　　语法点：may 对现在/过去事情的肯定或否定猜测。　　以下学的知识慢慢与新二接轨：　　现在完成时：Lesson 83—90　　直接引语变成间接引语：Lesson 99—102　　形容词的比较级和最高级：Lesson107—112　　neither ,so 的用法：Lesson 113—114　　不定代词的用法：Lesson 115—116　　过去进行和过去完成时：Lesson 117—120　　定语从句：Lesson 121—124　　情态动词的综合用法：Lesson 125—132 直接引语变间接引语：Lesson 133—136（着重讲时态的倒推） if 的用法：Lesson 137—140 被动语态：Lesson 141—144

亲：定语从句前面必须有一个名词（先行词），而主语从句则没有。

先将清楚什么是从句接着讲什么是定语接着讲 基本的结构， 先行词，关系代词，副词的概念。

　　在英语学习过程中，你是否觉得枯燥乏味?那可能是你的学习方法需要改进哦。以下是我分享给大家的初中英语代词的用法，希望可以帮到你! 　　初中英语代词的用法 　　(一)代词的类别 　　相互代词 each other,one another 　　指示代词 this,that,these,those 　　不定代词(不指明特定的人或事物的代词)each,every,both,all,either,neither,none,no,one,(a)few,(a)little,some,any,many,much,other,another 　　复合不定代词 everybody,somebody,anybody,nobody,everyone,someone,anyone,no one,every-thing,something,anything,nothing 　　疑问代词 what,who,whom,which,whose 　　直接代词 疑问代词都可作连接代词，引导宾语从句。表语从句等。 　　关系代词 who,whom,whose,that,which用引导定语从句。 　　(二)代词的用法 　　1.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词和指示代词的用法 　　(1)人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格用来作主语，宾格用来作动词或介词的宾语等。 　　eg. She gave me a red apple.她给了我一个红苹果： (She作主语,me作动词宾语) 　　Kath　is near him.凯西靠近他。(介词near的宾语) 　　2.物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。 　　①形容词性物主代词位于名词前：their school,his backpack 　　②名词性物主代词相当干一个名词,在句中可作主语、宾语等，后面不能再接名词。 　　egIt isnu2019t　my　pen.u2192Mine(=my　pen)　is　missing.(作主语) 　　I　left　my　pen　at　home. You　can　use　hers(=her　pen),(作宾语) 　　③“of+名词性物主代词”属双重所有格的一种形式。 　　eg.a cat of hers她的一条狗,a friend of yours你的一个朋友 　　3.反身代词 　　①反身代词在句中可作同位语，起强调作用，也可作动词或介词的宾语。 　　eg.A few days later,I myself had to go to Paris.(作同位语) 　　She bought herself a new bag.(作动词宾语) 　　Heu2019s not worried about himself.(作介词宾语) 　　②带有反身代词的常用短语。 　　teach oneself 自学 　　help oneself to 随便吃些u2026吧 　　say to oneself 自言自语。 　　learnu2026u2026by oneself 自学u2026 　　enjoy oneself 过得愉快 　　leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下 　　hurt oneself 伤了自己 　　dress oneself 自己穿衣服 　　come to oneself 苏醒过来 　　4.相互代词 　　①表示相互关系，可用作动词或介词的宾语，用法区别不大。 　　eg. For years, the two sisters looked after one another(each other)。多年来姐妹俩互相照顾。 　　We should learn from each other. 我们应当互相学习。 　　②可以用格表示所有关系：each otheru2019s, one anotheru2019s互相的，彼此的 　　eg.They are looking at each otheru2019s pictures.他们相互看对方的照片。 　　5.指示代词 　　①指示代词有单复数之分，既可指物，也可用于介绍人。 　　eg. This is an apple tree,and that is an orange tree.这是一棵苹果树，那是一棵桔子树。 　　These are my friends,and that is my sister.这些是我朋友，那个是我姐姐。 　　②指示代词可用来指上文中提到的事情： 　　eg.Steve had a bad cold.This/That was why he didnu2019t come to school yesterday. 　　2.不定代词 　　(1)each,every,both,all,either,neither,no,none的用法 　　①each“每个/各个”(强调个体)，用于两者或两者以上。 　　eg.Two girls came and l gave an apple to each.来了俩姑娘，我给她们每人一个苹果。 　　Each of them has a nice ring.她们每人有一枚漂亮的戒指。 　　②every“每个/各个”(强调全体)，用于两者以上。every常作形容词用。 　　eg.Every day is important to us.每天对我们都很重要。 　　He has read every book(all the books) On the subject.他阅读了所有有关这个主题的书。 　　③both表示两者“都”(强调全体)。 　　eg.Her parents are both doctors.她父母都是医生。 　　Both of them are doctors.他俩都是医生。 　　They both like potatoes.他俩喜欢吃土豆。 　　④all“全体/大家/一切”用于三者以上，也可接不可数名词。 　　eg.Thatu2019s all for today.今天到此为止。 　　All of us are from China.我们都来自中国。 　　All the food is delicious.所有的食物都很好吃。 　　⑤either“两者之一”，用于两者(强调个体)。 　　eg.The two coats are cheap,so you can choose either of them.那两件外套不贵，你可以随便挑一件。 　　⑥neither“两个都不”，用于否定两者。 　　eg. Neither Of the books is/are so interesting.那两本书没一本好看的。 　　⑦no(=not any/not a)“没有”可接可数名词单复数，也可接不可数名词。 　　eg.I have no brothers Or sisters.我没有兄弟姐妹。 　　A clock has no mouth,but it can talk. 钟表没有嘴，但能说话。 　　There is no fire without some smoke.有火就有烟。 　　⑧none“没有一个人/物”用于否定三者或三者以上的可数名词 　　eg.None Of them has/have been to Japan.他们都没去过日本。 　　I like none of the books.这些书我全都不喜欢。 　　⑨neither和none表示完全否定;all,both,each和every(含every的复合词)等与not连用时表示部分否定。 　　eg.I donu2019t know all of you.我不完全认识你们。 　　Not everyone Of us know how to go there.不是我们每个人都知道怎样去那儿。 　　(2)one,ones和no one的用法 　　one用来代替前面刚提到的一个东西或一个人,以免重复;复数ones用来代替前面提到的一些物或一些人;no one表示否定。 　　eg.——Would you please pass me the science book?给我递过那本科学方面的书好吗? 　　一Which one?哪一本? 　　一The one on my shelf.我书架上的那本。 　　No one has traveled farther than to the moon.没有人旅行远过月球。 　　(3)(a)few,(a)little;many,much;some,any的用法 　　①many(+复数名词),much(+不可数名词)表示“许多/很多”。 　　eg.Many Of the students come from England.那些学生许多是从英国来的。 　　Thanks,itu2019s too much for me.谢谢,我承受不起。 　　②few(+复数名词),little(+不可数名词)表示“没多/很少”(表否定)。 　　eg,There were few people in the street last night.昨晚街上没什么人。 　　I am very worried that l have little time to finish the job.我担心，我几乎没有时间完成这份工作了。 　　③a few(+复数名词),a little(+不可数名词)表示“有一些/有几个”(表肯定)。 　　eg.I call see a few cakes and a little bread inthe fridge.我看到冰箱里有几块蛋糕和一些面包。注意：quite a few表示“相当多” 　　eg.There are quite a few students over there.那儿有相当多的学生。 　　④some(+复数名词/不可数名词),any(+复数名词/不可数名词)表示“有一些/有几个”(表肯定)。 　　eg.There are some birds in the tree.树上有些鸟。 　　There is some water in the bottle.瓶里有些水。 　　I donu2019t have any brothers Of sisters.我没有 　　Is there any tea in the cup?杯子里有茶吗? 　　⑤some一般用于肯定句，但在表示请求、建议。反问等的疑问句中，多用some. 　　eg： Would you like some beer?你要不要来点啤酒吗? 　　Why didnu2019t you buy some sweets?(You should have boughtu2026u2026)你怎么没买点糖果? 　　⑥any一般用于疑问句和否定句及条件从句 　　eg.There isnu2019t any water left.没有剩下一点水。 　　If you have any questions, put up your hands.please.如果有问题，请举手。 　　⑦some+单数名词表示“某一个”,any+单数名词表示“随便哪一个”或“任何一个”。 　　eg.Iu2019ll catch up with you some day有一天我会赶上你的。 　　Come　any day you like.你哪天来都行。 　　Tom is taller than any other student in his class.汤姆比他班上其他任何一个学生都高。 　　④one ,other, others, the others ,another等的用法 　　学好英语的建议 　　积累词汇 　　如果你是学生，可以通过英语课程，让老师帮助你了解英语的基础知识和思维方式。如果你是自学者，可以通过网络视频，根据视频上的内容了解英语的基础知识等。并且需要购买一本中英的英语词典，让你在学习英语的前期掌握足够的英语词汇。 　　学习语法 　　语法是语言的“骨架”，是词形变化规则和组词成句规则的总和，也是研究词的结构、用词规则、组合词语、句子结构等一系列规律的专门科学。具有概括性、生成性、稳定性 和系统性的特点。学习语法的目的，是为了可以更好地进行听说读写等语言实践活动。也就是说，通过对语法规则规律的掌握，减少在语言实践练习中的盲目性，提高语言的准确性。学习语法可以通过课本、书籍、网络等方法加强练习。 　　多读、多背、多写 　　学好英语，还要有坚持不懈的精神，不经历背诵大量文章，写大量东西，听大量文章(读报、听广播、看外语电影、听外语讲座、读书籍)是根本不可能达到目的的，因为学习语言需要对我们的各种感观进行刺激，每天至少看 60-120分钟的英语，早晨和晚上是学英语的最好时间。 　　勇于交流 　　前面3点可以让你很好的读和写了，但是只会读和写对于学习一门语言来说是远远不够的，我们还要学会怎样与人交流。敢于开口说英语，不要怕犯错误，人人都会犯错，这是在所难免的，加强交际训练，为自己提供一个英语环境，只有多交流，才能把口语说的很流利。 　　学习英语的技巧 　　一、首先明确复习目的 　　简言之，第一轮复习的“主要目的是基础能力过关”。目前，高考英语试题在重视英语基础知识的同时，突出对语言运用能力的考查，形成了以篇章阅读为主体的试题布局。高三复习的最终目的是提高考生的语言运用能力，但知识是能力的基础，对能力的测试必然要结合对知识的测试，这是对考生多年积累的、系统化的、活化的知识测试：大量的知识考查通过能力测试得以实现，熟练掌握英语基础知识正是为发展英语运用能力做准备。例如，在做“阅读理解”时，如果考生复习时没有熟练掌握英语基础知识，就理解不了解构复杂的句子，看不懂篇章内容，这又如何能正确地解答试题呢?同样，做“书面表达”试题时，如果没有一定量的词汇知识和语法知识，就谈不上正确的英语表达，怎么可能写出通顺的英语短文? 　　因此，高三学生复习的最终目的是提高自己的语言运用能力，尤其是目前部分考生的英语知识还是零散的、孤立的，在英语能力还没有全面提高的情况下，英语的第一轮复习应侧重于形成系统的、完整的英语知识体系，打牢基础，有效全面地提高运用英语的能力。 　　高三复习不应是对已学知识的简单重复和强化，而是一个再学习、再认识、提高理解能力和运用能力的过程，在短暂的高考复习中应该兼顾语言知识的掌握和语言能力的培养。 　　二、紧跟教学掌握方法 　　对于如何搞好英语一轮复习，李老师提出以下建议： 　　抓课本、重基础、强化词句的积累 　　英语基础知识的复习要以课本为纲，按照知识之间的内在联系，将它们进行分类整理。在这个过程中，要注意以新带旧，使初中和高中所学的知识形成系统，总结出规律性，这样才能融会贯通，也才能把知识转化为能力。 　　考生应以高中课本为主要教材，在老师的带领下深入挖掘教材中的语言知识，巩固语言基础，对课本中反复出现的语言知识进行科学归类和巧妙整理，找出其中的规律、抓住线索。复习知识是为了运用知识，而网络化的知识更便于运用，更有利于学科能力的培养。考生只有经过对所学的教材进行层层挖掘才有希望把知识形成网络。这对其实现知识向能力的迁移有重要的影响，有利于实际运用能力的提高，并在应考中运用自如。 　　考生要在老师的帮助下构建知识网络。在老师的帮助下，在认真学习和研究《考试说明》的基础上，按照知识的内在联系，将其要点进行分类整理(内容包括词汇、句型、语法、交际用语、篇章结构等方面)，从而使六年所学的零散的、孤立的知识有机地结合起来，使已学知识网络化，形成一个完整的知识体系，从而摸索出带有规律性的东西。 　　考生在使新旧知识网络化、系统化的过程中，应力争使知识以点带线、以线带面、以新带旧、以旧促新。深入挖掘课本中的经典词句，按照考纲的要求和考题的思路设置成练习题，既巩固重点语言知识，又能不断渗透高考试题的出题思路和解题技巧。二、抓语篇学习、重阅读能力 　　从近几年来的高考试题来看，死记硬背，强化训练，沉湎于“题海战术”是难以出好成绩的。将中心和重心放在单项填空上是不合时宜的。因此，要根据自己的实际情况，也可请求老师的帮助，制定出切实可行的复习计划。做到按部就班，有条不紊，循序渐进。其中，语篇学习最应引起考生的足够重视。 　　高中课本中文章题材广、内容新颖，知识覆盖面宽。因此，考生应充分利用高三课本中的阅读材料，从文章的内容、文章的结构、作者的观点、态度及相关的背景知识巧妙设置问题，不断提高自己的阅读能力，开拓知识视野。同时，文章的新颖内容还可以提高对英语的学习兴趣 　　三、精选习题，有效训练 　　复习中，首先应按照老师的节奏、充分有效地利用好课堂时间、提高听课的效率。对平时老师布置的作业要及时、认真完成，不浮躁。 　　建议考生应有针对性地加强运用练习。通过结合高考考点进行针对性训练，在很短的时间内复习完所有的语言知识，提高复习效率，以便有充裕的时间进行听力、完形填空、阅读等专项能力训练和模拟训练，避免在复习课本知识和培养能力之间顾此失彼。在此基础上，通过科学系统的训练，提高英语交际能力，从而收到事半功倍的效果。 　　考生选择的复习资料不宜过多、要精当、系统性好一些，必须是正规出版社出版的。如果辨别能力较差，可多咨询老师，请老师帮忙把关。此外，如果考生哪方面能力相对比较弱，可以有针对性地适当补充这方面的专项练习材料，所有的东西都应该是在完成老师规定的任务之后再做的。并且，练习中要注意几种题型的搭配。 猜你喜欢： 1. 初一上册英语重点单词归纳总结 2. 初中生英语的优秀学习方法总结 3. 初中英语词汇短语 4. answer的用法与搭配归纳详解 5. 高考英语语法知识总结代词

1.词汇基础进入大学后，我们会发现大学英语和高中英语***的区别是词汇的广泛性。没有足够的词汇量，是不可能通过雅思考试的，甚至cet4和cet6也是非常难的。因此，花时间记忆单词是很有必要的，尽管它可能看起来很无聊和单调。个人建议，采用“3+2快速记忆法”，坚持抄完这一套书，熟悉单词的词性和拼写，基本上可以在四级六级和雅思考试中游刃有余了。2.分析技巧平时在做运动的时候，分数是会有波动的。除了问题本身的难度之外，主要原因是面对不同类型问题的组合，处理的能力不是很稳定。因此，如果有培训班，一定要认真听老师传授的技巧。根据个人经验，最难的测试类型是T/F/NOT GIVEN题。当然，最重要的是做好剑桥系列问题。对于这个题目，也要针对自己的错误找出漏洞。3.控制时间在与周围同学交流后，会发现一个奇怪的现象:在实践中做一套雅思阅读***要45分钟左右，但到了真正的考试时间，似乎一个小时都不够用。有几个可能的原因: 考试过于紧张;答题卡填写的时间过长。无论什么原因，在考试的时候，我们一定要看表做题，不要让自己太紧张，从而陷入一个被动的状态。总而言之，阅读就是雅思考试中众所周知的竞争性试题，需要掌握好心态，集中精神去应对每一次的考试。

短期突破：写作　　要想在这仅剩的时间内提高英语分数，主要是在写作上突破。对于考试作文来讲，写作的惟一目的就是用有把握的语言表达所要求表达的信息点，而绝对不是妄求文采，写出一些不着边际的东西。考生可以背一些范文，背一些有用的句型、一些好的表达。多背多写，并注意运用背过的句型、短语等。可以采用分段式写作，就是开门见山。第二段把过程交代清楚，不要出现逻辑错误，适当的地方要用一些学过的比较好的句式，比如主从复合句，能够提炼一些学生写作实力的句式。　　争取高分：阅读　　阅读在高考英语中占有很重的分值。考生在最后复习时一定要坚持练习。阅读训练必须做到课内、课外结合，精读、泛读结合。学生课外应根据自己的情况每天保持一定的阅读量。阅读材料不宜太难，体裁、题材、长度、生词量应接近高考。近10年的高考题、往年各地的模拟题、专业英语阅读教材如《新概念英语》等都很好。　　巩固完形填空　　完形填空的最后复习可适量做一些短文填空练习。教师可选一些较容易但有完整情节的故事性文章，挖掉一些根据线索可推测出来的词让学生填，也可用完形填空练习让学生不看选项先填词。做完形填空题时，应首先看懂文章的第一句，接下来浏览全文，了解大意，然后边研读边根据上下文、逻辑、常识、词法知识等进行初步推测。有了自己的初步判断后，再对照所给选项，找出其中与自己预测完全一致或相近的选项。若四个选项均与所预测答案相差甚远，应调整思路，再从新的角度进行推测。最后应通读全文，再从语篇的角度看文章是否通顺、是否合逻辑。　　短文改错：针对性复习　　短文改错中的错误基本是涉及基础语法和词汇，而且是中国学生容易犯的错误。考生要多练习，分析和发现出错的规律。有针对性地复习相关的语法和词汇。做改错时，首先要快速阅读短文，抓住中心思想，从整体上对短文有个了解。然后运用语言的基础知识，从句子结构、词的变化、词类的选择、词的搭配、习惯表达出发，进行分析判断，以便尽快找出错误。　　听说和语法：多听常练　　听说考试时心理上一定要放松，不要对它产生畏惧。提高听说的方法就是多读多听。除了课堂上老师组织的精听，考生自己还要在课后多泛听，让英语时时在你耳边回响，形成一个英语的语境。　　语法主要是平时的积累，目前是要找出以前的错题，分析错误原因。这样复习起来比较有针对性。　　在考试的时间安排上，考生要根据近期的模拟考试找准自己的定位，再根据自己的定位找到适合自己的最佳时间分配方案。要根据自己的特点先抓容易得分的题，一定要有足够的时间保证自己能够得分的题。

christina milian-kiss is

同位语从句与宾语从句区别很明显...同位语从句是在名词后加上关系副词的，作进一步解释或叙述．宾语从句是在没有宾语的前提下，加上关系副词，充当句子的宾语成分．我来造个句子：News came that Bush was criticized by his assistant.News came 已经独立成句，而后面是补充说明News的I wanted to tell you that Bush was criticized by his assistant.I wanted to tell you sth. tell要求双宾语，所以缺一个宾语呀，that ...就充当宾语咯．自己在体会下吧！

宾语从句练习 一、 ( ) 1. The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take ( ) 2 .Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been ( ) 3 .The students want to know whether they___ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are ( ) 4 .She asked Linda if___ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may ( ) 5 .Linda said the moon___ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled 2 ( ) 1 .Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that ( ) 2 .I don"t know ___ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where ( ) 3 .I hardly understand.___ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who ( ) 4 .She didn"t know___ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be ( ) 5 .I don"t know _____ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D.when ( ) 6 .Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how ( ) 7 .He asked me _____told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose 3 ( ) 1.They don"t know ______their parents are. A that B what C why D which ( ) 2.Please tell me ______what last year. A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked ( ) 3.She asked me if I knew ______. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it ( ) 4. You must remember ________. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said ( ) 5.Did you know ____? A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after ( ) 6.Could you tell me ___? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing 参考答案： 1. 1-5 A D C B C 2. 1-7 C B B A A A C 3. 1-6 B D B A A C 无答案： 提高型 1. I don"t know _____ he will come tomorrow. _____ he comes, I"ll tell you. A. if; WhetherB. whether; WhetherC. if; ThatD. if; if 2. Could you tell me ____ the radio without any help? A. how did he mendB. what did he mend C. how he mendedD. what he mended 3. Could you tell me ____ do with the money? A. how toB. what should IC. how I shouldD. what I should 4. Can you tell me how many English words ____ since 1996? A. have you learnedB. did you learn C. you have learnedD. you learned 5. Miss Li wants to know _____ next week. A. when my uncle leavesB. when will my uncle C. where my uncle will stayD. where does my uncle stay 6. Can you tell me when ____? A. does the ship leaveB. the ship will leave C. the ship leaveD. will the ship leave 7. Alice wanted to know ____ her grandmother liked the bag. A. thatB. ifC. whichD. what 8. I don"t know ____ Jane was late for school this morning. A. whoB. whatC. whomD. why 9. They don"t know ____ their presents are. A. whenB. whyC. what 10. Mike asked the girl in the shop ____ the watch ____ cheap enough.(1998云南) A. that; isB. if; wasC. that; wasD. whether; is 11. I think he ____ back next week. A. comeB. will comeC. cameD. has come 12. Xiao Mao told me he ____ a film with his mother the next day. A. would seeB. will watchC. would lookD. will see 13. Could you tell me if it ____ tomorrow? A. rainB. will rainC. rainingD. rains 14. He said that he ____ speak a little English when he was five. A. mightB. wouldC. couldD. can 15. I want to know if they ____ the spring sports meeting next month. If they ____ it, I must get ready for it. A. hold; will holdB. will hold; hold C. hold; holdD. will hold; will hold 综合型 1. –Do you remember ____ he came?-Yes, I do, he came by car. A. how B. whenC. thatD. if 2. That woman wanted to know _____ her daughter liked the sweater. A. whetherB. whatC. thatD. which 3. Have you decided when _____ for London? A. will you leaveB. you will leaveC. are you goingD. you are going 4. –Excuse me. Could you tell me ____? -Certainly. A. when can I get to the stationB. I can get to which station C. which station can I get toD. how I can get to the station 5. –What did your mother say, Tom? -She asked me why ____. A. my sister cryingB. my sister was crying C. is my sister cryingD. was my sister crying 6. I wonder what time _____ arrive. A. does the trainB. will the train C. the trainD. the train will 7. I wondered _____ our teacher did that for. A. thatB. ifC. whatD. why 8. Did you hear _____? A. what did I sayB. what I saidC. that I saidD. I said which 9. Can you tell me which room _____? A. does he live inB. does he livesC. he lives inD. he lives 10. The little boy often asks me what ______? A. will our life of tomorrowB. will our life tomorrow be like C. our life of tomorrow likeD. our life of tomorrow will be like 11. Do you really know _____ used? A. how widely English isB. how wide is English C. English is how widelyD. how is English wide 12. Would you please tell me ______ with Peter? He looks unhappy. A. what"s the matterB. what wrong is C. the wrong is whatD. what wrong it was 13. –Excuse me, where _____? Do you know? -Yes. I know where _____? A. Jim lives; he livesB. does Jim live; do he live C. Jim lives; does he liveD. does Jim live; he lives 14. I didn"t know _____ and _____. A. what"s his name; how old he isB. what his name was; how old he was C. what his name is; how is he oldD. that was his name; he was how old 15. My friend hasn"t decided _____ on a trip to Wuxi on holiday. A. if he goesB. when will he go C. if he"ll go D. where he go 16. Did you ask her what ______ outside? A. was happened to himB. he had happened C. he happenedD. had happened to him 17. The man in the shop asked the woman _____ A. which kind does she likeB. which kind she is C. which kind is she likesD. which kind she likes 18. No one told us _____, so we need your help. A. how should we doB. what should we do C. how to do itD. what to do it 19. I don"t know ______ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he comeB. how will he come C. if he comesD. whether he"ll come 20. –Could you tell me _____?-Yes, they _____ to the library. A. where are the twins; have beenB. where the twins are; have gone C. where were the twins; have beenDwhere the twins were; have gone

u3002

专题：宾语从句与状语从句 重点、难点 1. 引导宾语从句的关联词的原则 2. 状语从句的连词 具体内容 （一）宾语从句 定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 （二）构成：关联词 简单句 （三）引导宾语从句的关联词有三类： 1. 从属连词that。如： He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。 I know he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。 注：that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。 （1）Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.（and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。）大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。 （2）I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. （that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。）对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。 （3）That he ever said such a thing I simply don"t believe.（that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。）我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。 （4）We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. （主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。）鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。 2. 从属连词if/whether。如： I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。 I don"t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。 3. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如:Who or what he was, Martin never learned. 他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。 I wonder what he"s writing to me about. 我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。 I"ll tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。 You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。 （1）介词宾语从句 宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如： He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day. 他对那天发生的事感到很不快。 I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。 I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。 Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it. 你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。 有时介词可以省略。如： I don"t care（for）who marries him. 我不管谁跟他结婚。 Be careful（as to）how you do that. 你要注意做这件事的方式。 四. 重点疑难 1. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如： We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday. 我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他已表明他不会屈服。 2. 作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except, but, in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如： He is a good student except that he is careless. 他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。 You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。 介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。如： Are you sorry for what you"ve done? 你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？ 3. 某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连词that可省略。如： I am not sure what I ought to do. 我不能确定我该做什么。 I"m afraid you don"t understand what I said. 恐怕你没领会我说的意思。 I"m surprised that I didn"t see all that before. 我好奇怪，我以前没看到过。 Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams. 妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。 4. 连词whether（…or not）或if引导的宾语从句 if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不与or not连用。如： I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。 用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用whether。试比较： Please let me know if you want to go. Please let me know whether you want to go. if从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”；此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”。 5. 宾语从句的否定转移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如： I don"t think you are right. 我认为你错了。 I don"t believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。 I don"t suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意，是吗？ 6. 宾语从句的时态变化规律 （1）当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。 （2）当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除 外。如： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳运行。 状语从句： 时间状语从句： 状语从句需要连词引导。引导时间状语从句的连词有： when，while，as，as soon as，before，once ，after， since，till/until等。例如： When you finish doing this drill, you may go on to the next one. I"ll let you know as soon as it is settled. She has written fifty letters home since she came to Beijing. 注意（一）： 虽然till和until可互相交换使用。但在句首只能用until。 用于否定句时，表示“直到……时，才……”；“在……以前，不……”例如： Until you told me about the book I had no idea of it.（在你告诉我之前，我对此书一无所知。） I won"t know where he is until I get a letter from him.（收到他的信时我才知道他在那里。） 时间状态语从句中用一般现在时表示将来时间，用现在完成时表示将来完成时间。例如： As soon as my brother arrives, we"ll start working. while和as的区别：when表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生或先于主句动作，可以指一段时间也可以指特定的时间点； while表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生，表示“一边……一边……”，通常指一段时间。例如： Jack stayed with us when / while he was in Beijing. He called us when he arrived in Beijing. 地点状语从句： 引导地点状语从句的有where，wherever，everywhere等连词。例如： Where there is a will, there is a way. （有志者，事竟成） Wherever you met him, he was not in my house. Everywhere he goes he makes new friends. Everywhere she went, she was kindly received. 条件状语从句： 一般由if（如果），unless（除非，如果不），as/so long as（只要）等连词引导。例如： Please come by if you are free. Unless you study harder, you"re going to fail the exam. 注意（二）： 条件状语从句中也须用一般现在时表示将来时间，用现在完成时表示将来完成时间。例如： If it rains tomorrow, we won"t go hiking. 原因状语从句： 引导原因状语从句的连接词通常有because（因为），as（由于），Since（由于），now　that（既然；由于）等。例如： As it is raining, you had better take your umbrella with you. You must tell the truth since you know the fact. She couldn"t get up because her legs were wounded. I can"t go to the movie because I"m too busy. 注意（三）： because , as和since均可指原因，但because引导的从句常位于主句之前；而as和since引导的从句常位于主句之后；because表示原因的语气，而as和since语气较弱，只是附带说明一下主句内容是由从句引起的结果。as和since常指说话人和听话人双方都知道的原因。当回答以why 引导的疑问句时必须用because。例如： Why didn"t you come to the meeting? Because I had a bad cold. 结果状语从句 结果状语从句一般由so…that（如此……以致于），such…that（如此……以致于），such that（如此……以致于）和so that（以致于）等引导。so…that与such…that的区别在于：so接形容词或副词，such接名词或名词词组。例如： He was so excited that he couldn"t help jumping. She spoke so loudly that every one in the big hall could hear her. It was such a terrible accident that few people survived. There were so few students present that the class was cancelled. The book was written in such simple English that we could understand it easily. 目的状语从句一般由so that（为了；以便）和in order that （为了；以便）引导的目的状语从句，lest 表示“免得/ 以防/ 以免”。从句中一般用虚拟语气，动词形式为“should 动词原形”。 She spoke louder so that everyone in the hall could hear her. They sent the book by air mail in order that it might reach us in good time. The teacher hid the key to exercises lest the students should see it. We set off early lest we should be late. 让步状语从句： 让步状语从句常用although / though（虽然），even though / even if（尽管），as（尽管），whatever/ whenever/ however（无论什么/ 何时/ 如何），no matter what / when / how（无论什么/ 何时/ 如何）等到引导。no matter what/ when/ how（无论什么/ 何时/ 如何）等引导。as表示让步时一般用于部分倒装结构，though也有此用法。例如： We"ll try our best to finish the work in time though we are short of materials. He still wanted to do it although I warned him not to. Although she slept ten hours last night , she is still tired. Although the road was narrow, the driver managed to pass it safely. 方式状语从句： 方式状态语从句常由as if/as though（好像，如同）等。例如： She acted as if/though nothing had happened. She always talks to him as if she were/was his sister. It looks as if it"ll rain. He treats me as if I am/were his brother. 【模拟试题】 一. 单项选择 1. Do you know how much hot water ? A. Mum is needed B. does Mum need C. Mum needs D. did Mum need 2. Can you tell me ? A. where he is B. where is he C. he is where D. what is he 3. I didn"t know how to London? A. would they go B. are they going C. they would go D. they are going 4. I want to know how long . A. has he been back B. has he come back C. he has been back D. he has come back 5. Do you know ? A. what the news are B. what is the news C. what the news is D. what are the news 6. He said he would help me with my maths if he free. A. was B. will be C. would be D. is 7. He will write to you as soon as he to Shanghai. A. gets B. is getting C. will get D. shall get 8. Father music when he young A. liked…was B. liked…is C. likes…was D. likes…is 9. I liked sports I was young. A. so much as B. so much that C. very much when D. very much because 10. mother got home, I was tidying my room. A. After B. When C. As soon as D. Before 11. The teacher didn"t begin her class the students stopped talking. A. until B. because C. after D. when 12. If it tomorrow, we"ll go to the Great wall. A. doesn"t rain B. won"t rain C. not rains D. isn"t rain 13. Could you tell me we get to the plane? A. how B. whether C. where D. what 14. When they got to the cinema, the film for the ten minutes. A. had been on B. has begun C. began D. had begun 15. The teacher says she will leave a message on the headmaster"s desk. A. if B. who C. that D. what 16. Lucy looks stronger Lily. A. than B. as C. then D. not as 17. I know nothing about it he told me. A. because B. since C. until D. after 18. You must make your new house clean and safe you move in. A. because B. when C. before D. until 19. I was tired I couldn"t walk on. A. so…that B. too…to C. very…that D. very…to 20. I thought he to see his mother if he time. A. will go…has B. will go…will have C. would go…would have D. would go…had 二. 用所给动词的正确形式填空： 1. I won"t return the book to the library because I （not finish）reading it. 2. As soon as he saw me, he （stop）to speak to me. 3. I hope he （come）back in a week. 4. It （rain）hard when I got to the factory this morning. 5. The old man told the children （not walk）in the rice fields. 6. He told me he （help）her with her maths the next evening. 7. She said they （know）each other for quite some time. 8. If it （not rain）tomorrow, we （visit）the People"s Museum. 9. John （write）something when I （go）to see him. 10. Our teacher told us that light （travel）much faster than sound. 11. When I got to the cinema, the film （begin） 12. Mike asked me if we （ask）any questions the next class. 13. Will you come and stay with us for a while when you （finish）doing your homework? 14. Comrade Wang didn"t know if there （be）an English evening that day. 15. Please tell me if she （come）again next time. 【试题答案】 一. 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. A 13. A 14. A 15. C 16. A 17. C 18. C 19. A 20. D 二. 1. haven"t finished 2. stopped 3. will come 4. was raining 5. not to walk 6. would help 7. had known 8. doesn"t rain, will visit 9. was writing, went 10. travels 11. had begun 12. would ask 13. finish 14. would be 15. will come

are--ishaven"t---hasn"twill-wouldis--waswill he---he willdoes English have ---English has

我个人认为选C 从翻译上看B和C看似都可以，但题目问的是Jack在哪里？希望我的回答对你有所帮助

你是说对于宾语从句连接词的省略问题？如果是，那我就说了：▲vt和adj后的宾从中，若用that引导，则that可省 例：I think (that) he is right. ▲同一个vt后面若并列多个that引导宾从，第一个宾从的that可省，第二个宾从开始that不省。 例：He told me (that) he was late and that(不可省！) he would never be late again.

　　在现实生活或工作学习中，大家一定都接触过作文吧，借助作文人们可以反映客观事物、表达思想感情、传递知识信息。相信许多人会觉得作文很难写吧，下面是我精心整理的奇迹是这样创造的作文，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。 　　奇迹，说来好像很神奇，其实平凡。好像只有伟人才能创造奇迹，但是普通人一样也能靠他的双手来创造奇迹，我就成功的书写了一片属于自己的奇迹，一段辉煌的回忆。 　　看着不断叫好的观众，我的心里有一种喜悦，一种荣耀，今晚，我们才是主角，从北京来的乐团。宏伟华丽的悉尼歌剧院，被无数人所向往，今晚，我决定在这里书写属于我的奇迹。当最后一个音符演奏完后，尽管我的嘴唇被哨片磨得发痛，额头也被豆大的汗珠所覆盖，但这丝毫掩盖不住心中的欢喜。指挥的脸上写满了满足，观众无时不发出雷鸣般的掌声，同学们心满意足的表情，气氛已经沸腾，在这一刻我书写了我的奇迹。我一定会记住这个日子，十月一日。 　　今年年初，因为右臂受伤而正养伤的我，偶然听到一则消息：金帆乐团将于今年十月去悉尼演出，将于七月进行考核。我被这则消息所震惊，一直盼望能出国着眼世界的我今天却因为胳膊骨折而有可能错失机会！我的心中有些打鼓，甚至是难过，但我还是鼓起勇气去报名。 　　可同学们的质疑声也传来，我既然报了名，豁出去也要考上一次，让他们好好看看，从那时起，我有了一种念头，一个目标，一种要创造奇迹的思想。 　　胳膊没有完全恢复的我抄起乐器就练，可胳膊的`肌肉却完全处于麻木，用不上力气；这学期的乐曲没练过，于是只好一点点的去磨合，去试唱；嘴唇因长时间未练习而磨出了泡，每次用口含哨片时，都会感到钻心的痛，由于疼痛额头总是布满了汗珠，顺着脸颊流下来，哨片上也印有了丝丝血痕，我曾经想过放弃，但立刻被一种思想所打倒，那也许是创造奇迹的思想吧…… 　　经过数天的练习，我带着嘴上些许疼痛走向了考场，从评委的眼神中，我看到了奇迹。 　　我其实只做到了一点，那就是坚持，也许，心的坚持会创造出奇迹。

刚孵化出来的小鸡适应不了低温，因此，需要将温度控制在35°C左右或以上，同时还需要在鸡舍内安置一个烤灯，给小鸡提供热量和光照。在此之前，最好不要着急给小鸡喂食，而是需要先给小鸡喂食0.01%的高锰酸钾水，以清理小鸡的肠胃。随后可以给小鸡喂食8%的蔗糖水，提高小鸡的成活率，然后可以给小鸡喂食鸡蛋黄、小米等食物，同时需要适当的给小鸡补充水分。刚开始喂食的时候需要给小鸡喂食易消化的食物，可以适量的喂食面包虫、菜虫等，但每次不宜喂食太饱，以免小鸡消化不良。此外，当有太阳的时候，还需要让小鸡晒晒太阳吸收钙质。

老的研钵，非景德镇产，约晚晴。没经济价值。

一、在淘宝、阿里巴巴等网站申请使用。优点是简单易用，搭建快速。缺点是自定义功能不强，无法实现一些定制功能，并且通常必须使用该网站提供的二级域名。二、选择合适的电子商务管理程序，自己搭建平台。优点是可以使用自己的域名，可定制性强。缺点是操作较为 复杂，需要一定的网站管理基础。常用的中文开源电子商务管理系统主要有：1、 建站宝盒V6.0：是自助建站软件的一种，因其有独特的 三站合一建设功能，和最简易建站操作方式， 所以这里最先介绍。三站合一即：手机网站+ 微信网站+电脑网站+APP。2、Zen Cart：完全免费开源的网上商店系统，易于安装，支持多语言、多货币，具有完善的网店系统流程，可以帮助用户建立风格不同的电子商务系统。3、osCommerce：是一套由自由软件开发社团开发并维护的在线商店的解决方案，免费开源，并可以应用到任何的商业环境中，可以在短时间内生成一个电子商务网站，但目前有日渐没落之势。4、 ShopEx：国内最早的网店软件提供商之一，功能全面，收购了ECShop，目前是国内使用人数最多的免费独立B2C网店管理软件。5、ECShop：完全开源的网店程序，在插件和二次开发这方面有一定的优势，与康盛的Discuz系列整合较好。目前已被SHOPEX收购。佛山网站建设公司我有一个朋友帮别人做网站有时候就用这个软件做的。6、其他免费电子商务产品，有国内的HiShop（ASP.NET/B2C）、PHPB2B（B2B类）、Magento、OpenCart等。b2b、b2c、c2cb2b的典型是中国供应商、阿里巴巴、中国制造网、敦煌网、慧聪网、瀛商网、needsee、电子商务学吧等。b2b按服务对象可分为外贸b2b及内贸b2b，按行业性质可分为综合b2b和垂直b2b，垂直b2b有：中国化工网，鲁文建筑服务网。b2c模式是我国最早产生的电子商务模式，以8848网上商城正式运营为标志。综合商城：淘宝c2c同b2b、b2c一样，都是电子商务的几种模式之一。不同的是c2c是用户对用户的模式，c2c商务平台就是通过为买卖双方提供一个在线交易平台，使卖方可以主动提供商品上网拍卖，而买方可以自行选择商品进行竞价。c2c的典型是百度c2c、淘宝网、拍拍网等

烟酒是国家严格管控物质，对涨价来说那是不能随便的，各地方和个人也没有随便涨价的权利，烟草公司也不行。烟酒每涨价一次都是由国家有关部门发部，它涉及很多问题特别是税收，而且在涨价前国家要做大量的宣传工作。

勤学好问囊萤映雪只争朝夕朝乾夕惕坐以待旦争分夺秒幼学壮行悬梁刺骨学而不厌圆木警枕夙兴夜寐宵衣旰食勤学苦练夙夜匪懈磨穿铁砚卧薪尝胆废寝忘食分秒必争焚膏继晷程门立雪发愤忘食孜孜不倦手不释卷闻鸡起舞鸡鸣而起无冬无夏

寿山有丰富的历史文化资源。清末起相继创办过几次乱弹戏戏班，闽浙赣三省。2006年被授予《屏南县乱弹戏培训基地》称号。也是屏南县十处国史文化名村之一。有古建筑、文化古迹。如“五代同堂”牌匾，“文魁”牌匾，旗杆和石坊岔的贞节牌坊等。几处古房屋的石门壁刻字有的代表苏姓特点，如“高才标五凤，名笔重三苏”，“眉山人特推三杰，许国文章自一家”。有的代表孙中山时期的进步潮流，如“同仁连五福，主义达三民”。一些屋内的山水鸟雕刻表现了当时文化艺术的特点。神庙建筑，旧时有著名的林公殿、太保楼和厚福洋“开乾寺”，形优美、雄伟壮观，后在动乱年代被拆除。改革开放以后，除这两处大神庙耗资巨大无法恢复，另外重建了七处小神庙，重建了“共氏宗祠”。为恢复历史文化遗产作出了努力。寿山村以奇山异石、风景秀丽为特点，对开发旅游景区具有优厚的天然资源。整个旧村落成鱼状，东方奇山突兀，犹如金钟倒地，西方天际卸山，宛如半月沉江，南方群峰逐浪，好似群鲤朝天，北方七丘隆起，如七星拱北斗。村头一眼望去，有龙伞直立，旁侧石头犹如一头小狮吼叫，与村尾的母狮转头相呼应。村东半公里处有奇异的蝙蝠洞终年有蝙蝠群居。一动一静，构成一幅美妙的天然景观。还有奇异的天柱山，蘑菇石拔地而起，独立空间，跟村东一公里处可望见。

区别如下：1、语义侧重点不同改善：有所改变，使更趋良善，是向好的方面变化，着重于一个较大范围（如公司的所有领域）。例句：村里通了公路后，农民的生活得到了改善。改变：事物变得和原来不一样，有了质的区别，可以是向好的方面变化，也可以是向不好的方面变化。例句：狼的本性是不会改变的。改进：改变旧有情况，着重于使某方面有所进步（如公司的生产技术）。例句：他改进了学习方法，效果立竿见影。2、词语结构不同改善、改进是后补型的词，后一词根补充说明前一词根。前词根“改”表示动作，后词根“善”、“进”补充说明动作的结果。改变是并列型的词，由两个意义相同、相近、相关的词根并列组合而成。“改”和“变”属于“同义复用”。3、搭配对象不同改善经常与“生活”、“关系”、“条件”相搭配。改进经常和“技术手段”、“工艺”、“系统”等搭配。改变经常与“作风”、“态度”等搭配。

　　秋雨带来了丰收的喜悦，雨淅淅沥沥地下著，地上的花果，稻田贪婪的吸收著秋雨的露水，秋雨用它的露水毫无保留地滋润了大地万物。下面是我收集整理，以供大家参考。 　　篇一：今夜与秋雨重逢 　　今夜，淅淅漓漓的秋雨如丝如雾，笼罩着整个大地，天空一片迷濛。路灯惨淡的光割裂著一缕缕雨丝，院中金黄的杏树叶在秋雨中姗姗地舞著，依依不舍地坠入积水的水泥地中，激起一片无声的涟绎。 　　秋天、秋雨在唐诗宋词人的眼里大多是悲凉的。霁霭迷空晓未收。羁馆残灯，永夜悲秋。梧桐叶上三更雨，别是人间一段愁。 睡又不成梦又休。多愁多病，当甚风流。真情一点苦萦人，才下眉尖，恰上心头;水如云一片心。落花时节洗荷裙。不妨碎里寻知己，难免悲中溅泪痕。千尺玉，万条银。清音一曲谢花神。漫随风剪香魂瘦，梦里频思那个春。 　　天生喜雨，无论是杏花零落燕泥香的春雨，还是黄梅时节家家雨，青草池塘处处蛙的夏雨，还是天外飞寒雨，瑟瑟芭蕉泪淌的秋雨。 　　秋雨，西风稍急喧窗竹，停又续，腻脸悬双玉。 　　秋雨，凭风弄叶千般意，指挑云帘觅晚蝉。 　　双脚踩着侵润着秋雨的冰冷大地，每一脚都激起了一朵回忆的浪花，每一朵浪花里都折射着你的身影 ，亲切、温暖、默然、遥远。脚下的路叠起层层的记忆。雨织起的傍晚天空下，一把伞下两个身影，漫步在人迹稀疏的小城街头，裤角溼了，鞋子透了，依然忘我著。后来，你离开了小城，去了木棉花开的大都市。自此，淡淡的伤感、淡淡的思念占据了我的心头。 　　生活中有太多的不舍，太多的无能为力。不是你想的拥有就会拥有，你想要得到就能得到的，但我们明明知道希望越多失望也就越多，还要弃而不舍地努力向着自己认为的幸福方向奔跑，明媚阳光下，我们奔跑，萧瑟风雨中，我们奔跑，烦人雾霾里，我们也奔跑，只为了在自己失落的心海里捡拾起淡淡的喜悦、天高的秋阳。 　　好久，好久，只顾在陌生的路上行走;好久，好久，只顾在陌生人之间穿梭;好久好久，忘记了那点点滴滴的幸福、美丽。默然回首，那些曾经走过的路，那些曾经亲如兄第的朋友在好久好久中慢慢淡漠、疏离，就是再努力回忆也再难回到从前。 现在回过头来，其实那些曾经真的最该我们要好好珍惜的。为什么走过漫漫长路，才明白人生的取舍?为什么人到失落时，才恍然懂得最初的美丽?喜欢一个人只需要一分钟，爱上一个人只需一小时，忘记一个人却需要一辈子，是不是人为杜撰的爱的故事?是不是爱过了才能知道爱的兹味?痛过了才能懂得爱的真谛? 　　拉开紫色窗帘，透过落地窗，雨还在淅淅沥沥地下著。看着这无边无际、无休无止的秋雨，心底涌出了“天外飞寒雨，鬓上染银霜。临窗默默缄语，触目满凄凉。远远苍山影瘦，瑟瑟芭蕉泪淌，滴滴惹情伤。阵阵西风起，冷冷破云裳。叶憔悴，花凋谢，去哪方?寻觅无迹断人肠。扼腕清词难赋，叹首箫音怕解，寂寞问苍茫。幽梦空中坠，何处葬心香?”的感慨。 　　雨丝和路灯的光交织著、争斗著。一个要用微弱的身驱把雨挡在身外，一个要用石穿的倔强刺透光束拥抱大地。我的整个心空也变成了雨的世界，久别后的雨仿佛滴滴落在了久旱的心田，润滋滋的，格外舒服、畅快。久别后的雨仿佛也多了一份苍桑妩媚和久别重逢的亲切、惊喜。虽是萧瑟缠绵的秋雨，但在我的眼中却无古人自怜楚客悲秋思，难写丝桐。目断书鸿，平淡江山落照中。谁家水调声声怨，黄叶西风。罨画桥东，十二玉楼空更空的悲凉情结。 　　秋雨是最美的唐诗，每一滴都洋溢着相思的花蕾，珍藏在苍茫的岁月里;秋雨是最动人的情歌， 那是传说中的天籁之音，舒缓地流淌在心田里。 　　如果可以，我会重新徘徊在如盖的梧桐树小道下，轻轻地沐浴著咋寒还暖的秋风，细细品尝著带有丝丝干甜的雨珠;如果可以，我会好好珍惜点点滴滴岁月的痕迹，并对自己道一声珍重，珍重，珍重已经拥有的，珍重属于自己的美丽天空、属于我们的人生精彩;如果幸福可以停下脚步， 就是秋风秋雨又如何?不也有刘禹锡自古逢秋悲寂寥，我言秋日胜春朝。晴空一鹤排云上，便引诗情到碧霄和杜牧远上寒山石径斜，白云深处有人家。停车坐爱枫林晚，霜叶红于二月花的大美秋天景致。 　　萧瑟的秋风穿过一排排的胡杨树，轻轻地吹落一片片金黄的树叶。那些落叶似一个个顽皮的小精灵，轻盈欢快地飞舞著，美丽着这霏雨的天空。枯黄的草地上叠著层层的落叶，它们仿佛在等待着与秋风的另一场邂逅，再共舞一曲《秋日私语》，续写一部《秋天的童话》。此时，秋风急不可耐地吹想梦的衣裳，是等待一场美丽的重逢吧? 　　雨，依旧不停地霏霏著。秋意在烟雨迷濛中弥散著，尽情地洗刷、涤荡著这浮燥的世界。 悠扬的琴声、甜脆的歌声穿过灵魂深处，似隔世苍桑的重逢，弥漫在心灵的角角落落。等待、期盼、迷茫、失望。生命的美好也许就在这相遇、离别、重逢之间的微妙回圈里。我们的人生相逢、相离何不像这秋雨，一场是霏霏漫漫无绝期，另一场说不定是昨夜雨疏风骤。这种分分合合、离离别别、重重逢逢也许才是生活的真谛。 　　红尘万丈之中，总有一份美好会尘封心底。单纯、天真却又带着遗撼。今夜，就把心灵留给这秋雨，把思念留给粉红色的记忆，把梦想留给明天的秋阳，将那份爱恋，敛一身执著，借一份秋凉予秋风秋雨使唤，在九曲徘徊中，荡气回肠地轻诉一曲无声的旋律，在最深的红尘里与这秋雨重逢。 　　篇二：漫听秋雨 　　郑州的秋天，一丝凉风袭来，整座城市乌云密布。秋雨总喜欢在夜里下，而且一下就连绵几天。微微丝雨，漫漫飞扬，停在窗前，落在地上，整个黑夜都被笼罩在秋天的烟雨中。也喜欢在这个时候，站在窗台，走在校园，独自倾听秋雨。听那叶片上颤抖的心动，发出滴滴的雨声。 　　喜欢雨，爱听雨，也爱在雨中漫步。走在雨中，不禁让人想起“水光潋艳晴方好、山色空濛雨亦奇”的优美诗句。试想，雨中奇观，烟雨濛濛，远山近水，亭台楼榭，云雾朦胧，时隐时现，宛如仙境，怎能不生爱幕之意。 　　在北方的秋天里，难得碰上这样的雨天。撑上一把伞，雨在头上哗哗地下著，水沿着伞边无声无息地流淌。 放眼望去，群树成行，亭亭如盖，清幽静雅，秋风吹拂，雾霾沉沉。尤其是建筑物与树林之间，如同披上了一层薄薄的面纱，朦胧淡雅，好似一幅烟雨图，用水墨洇浸染。 　　雨慢慢的下著。找个地方坐下，静听雨落，滴滴嗒嗒的音符撬动着我的心灵。 那莎莎的雨声，就像一个人在寂静的夜里倾诉其内心孤寂的心声。但是，在这个寂静的校园里，有谁在倾听雨声，又有谁知晓听雨人的寂寞。仰望浩瀚长空，淡淡的雾气笼罩天空，悠悠细雨在慢慢飘动，那飘洒的雨丝深情的抚摸着我。好似我的希望，我的慰藉，我的期盼。我在雨中凝望，我在雨中遐想。大自然是那么的美好，那么的美妙，它赋予了我无限的力量，给予我最真情实感情。 　　秋雨，朦朦胧胧。它让我欢喜，让我放荡不羁。我经不住这雨的诱惑，乘着雨的 *** ，放开久握的雨伞，依偎在秋雨的柔情里。滴滴雨珠跌打着我的脸颊，缕缕雨丝缠绕在我的心海里。秋雨的细腻，仿佛有一个温柔姑娘在亲吻我，抚爱我。我在细雨中，感悟她的温柔，默念她的名字。淋淋沥沥的雨声，人也轻轻地融合在雨里。每一滴雨，每一个节奏，都唤起了我心中久藏的记忆。我站在雨中，静静地、尽情的享受秋雨带给我的洗礼。此时，我的心绪也随雨而动。因为有秋雨的陪伴，我的心已不在是孤寂的。 　　秋雨沥沥的下著，北风袭来，微风轻轻拂过未明湖，几片树叶拂过我的眼前，婀娜的柳枝舞著轻盈的身姿。带着丝丝凉意，我撑开雨伞，继续在雨中行走。 　　在这令人眷恋的秋雨中，雨是那么的自由自在，听着秋雨，所有烦恼都早已抛到九霄之外了。 　　篇三：秋雨禅声 　　秋雨啊，我一直在等你，为何今夜才来。今夜的雨只能在我的心里下。雨帘在檐外挂了一夜，雨脚在我心里踏了一夜，踏出了七零八落的无眠。今夜，你该从我的眼中流出，流向那虚无缥缈处。天一定又苍了，地一定又溼了，雨丝一定是又挂满了天地。你不该在此时而来，你该早于秋来，我早坐等你的禅声，等禅声前来超度。你又合该在此时而来，此时你也正从我体内流出。缘何?缘何?凄然似秋，暖然似春，恐我已再无暖然之时。 　　我在风中等你，你没来。风替你扫去了我心上的尘埃。风没有把天扫蓝，它把叶扫黄了，扫红了，扫枯了。它扫去了叶的青春，扫瘦了叶的心事。它扫去的都是叶不需要的，叶不需要多汁，不需要多肉。叶的心事不需要丰润，它只需瘦。瘦如一首绝句，瘦如一支冷笔，瘦如一根马骨，瘦如一弯刀月。足够了。它只需守着它的瘦，如老人守着它的石头，他的杖。它需要一阵风，在风中簌簌。那声响不是它的，是风的，是风的呓语。它是无声的。它也需要一把火，在火中噼啪。那声响也不是它的，是火的，是火的微响。只有灰烬是它的，那风中一散，也是它的。 　　我在叶中等你，你没来。叶在替你瘦我。我富有了。所有的叶都来陪我，金黄的，火红的，灰褐的，这些最知我心事的。在枝头零落着而来，在空中旋舞著而来。它们都在用自己的热情来为我舞，舞一曲黯然凋零，舞一曲黯然销魂。我无以为报。只有陪它们继续瘦，以报知遇之恩。我坐拥于它们中间，我无言，它们无语。只有调皮的风在挑逗。它挑不起来的，我们之间不会起任何波澜。莫用死水来喻我们，死水有微澜而无心事。我们有寂寂的心事。风也是寂寞的。总想找谁说话，可没谁理它。它就吹吹叶，吹吹树，吹吹山川，吹吹河流，吹吹房屋。没有谁说话，那声音都是风的。累了，就休息一会儿，没人管它。 　　我坐等你。我在立秋那天等你，我在七夕那天等你，我在白露那天等你。我等你的禅声，你的超度，你始终没来。露已白了，夜已凉了，秋已深了，风已冷了。你终于来了，如我期盼的那样。带着你的薄凉，带着你的潇潇，带着你的拂尘，带着你的经文。我此生就为你而来，为等一场秋雨而来。你来了，我的心事便化了。我腹中咕咕，你也自我的体内而来，自我的眼中而来。你也自天上而来，自天堂而来。天地间有你，我胸中有你，你来化我，我便是你。我是这秋雨，是这连绵不绝的秋雨。 　　你于夜里而来，你当于夜里而来。只有夜合于你禅的意境。听!秋雨声声，心雨声声。木鱼声声，经文声声。声声禅静，飘渺虚空。

1.在这宁静自然的造化中,形成了“悬空村”的有一种温馨 王羲之 （303？—361？）说起书法，不能不说王羲之；说起王羲之，几乎是家喻户晓，说不定还能说出几个有关他的故事。 这也算是中国独特的书法文化现象。王羲之（303-361，一作321-379），东晋书法家，字逸少。 原籍琅琊人（今属山东临沂），居会稽山阴（浙江绍兴）。官至右军将军，会稽内史，人称“王右军”。 他出身于两晋的名门望族。王羲之十二岁时经父亲传授笔法论，“语以大纲，即有所悟”。 他小时候就从当时著名的女书法家卫夫人学习书法。以后他渡江北游名山，博采众长，草书师法张芝，正书得力于钟繇。 观摩学习“兼撮众法，备成一家”，达到了“贵越群品，古今莫二”的高度。 与两汉、西晋相比，王羲之书风最明显特征是用笔细腻，结构多变。 王羲之最大的成就在于增损古法，变汉魏质朴书风为笔法精致、美仑美奂的书体。草书浓纤折中，正书势巧形密，行书遒劲自然，总之，把汉字书写从实用引入一种注重技法，讲究情趣的境界，实际上这是书法艺术的觉醒，标志着书法家不仅发现书法美，而且能表现书法美。 后来的书家几乎没有不临摹过王羲之法帖的，因而有“书圣”美誉。他的楷书如《乐毅论》、《黄庭经》、《东方朔画赞》等“在南朝即脍炙人口”，曾留下形形 *** 的传说，有的甚至成为绘画的题材。 他的行草书又被世人尊为“草之圣”。没有原迹存世，法书刻本甚多，有《十七帖》、小楷乐毅论、黄庭经等，摹本墨迹廓填本有孔侍中帖、兰亭序[冯承素摹本]、快雪时晴帖、频有哀帖、丧乱帖、远宦帖、姨母帖、平安何如奉橘三帖、寒切帖、行穰帖以及唐僧怀仁集书书《圣教序》等。 王羲之的书法影响到他的后代子孙。其子玄之，善草书；凝之，工草隶；徽之，善正草书；操之，善正行书；焕之，善行草书；献之，则称“小圣”。 黄伯思《东观徐论》云：“王氏凝、操、徽、涣之四子书，与子敬书俱传，皆得家范，而体各不同。凝之得其韵，操之得其体，徽之得其势，焕之得其貌，献之得其源。” 其后子孙绵延，王氏一门书法传递不息。武则天尝求王羲之书，王羲之的九世重孙王方庆将家藏十一代祖至曾祖二十八人书迹十卷进呈，编为《万岁通天帖》。 南朝齐王僧虔、王慈、王志都是王门之后，有法书录入。释智永为羲之七世孙，妙传家法，为隋唐书学名家。 王羲之书法影响了一代又一代的书苑。王羲之书圣地位的确立，有其演变过程。 南朝宋泰始年间的书家虞和在《论书表》中说：“洎乎汉、魏，钟（繇）、张（芝）擅美，晋末二王称英。”右军书名盖世于当时，而宋齐之间书学地位最高者则推王献之。 献之从父学书，天资极高，敏于革新，转师张芝，而创上下相连的草书，媚妍甚至超过其父，穷微入圣，与其父同称“二王”。南朝梁陶弘景《与梁武帝论书启》云：“比世皆尚子敬书”，“海内非惟不复知有元常，于逸少亦然”。 改变这种状况的是由于梁武帝萧衍推崇王羲之。他把当时的书学位次由“王献之——王羲之——钟繇”转变为“钟繇——王羲之——王献之”，在《观钟繇书法十二意》中，萧衍云：“子敬之不迨逸少，犹逸少之不迨元常。” “不迨”，或作“不逮”，不及之意。萧衍的地位使他的品评有特殊的感召力，因而舆论遂定。 历史上第一次学王羲之 *** 在南朝梁，第二次则在唐。唐太宗极度推尊王羲之，不仅广为收罗王书，且亲自为《晋书·王羲之传》撰赞辞，评钟繇则“论其尽善，或有所疑”，论献之则贬其“翰墨之病”，论其他书家如子云、王蒙、徐偃辈皆谓“誉过其实”。 通过比较，唐太宗认为右军“尽善尽美”，“心慕手追，此人而已，其余区区之类，何足论哉”！从此王羲之在书学史上至高无上的地位被确立并巩固下来。宋、元、明、清诸朝学书人，无不尊晋宗“二王”。 唐代欧阳询、虞世南、褚遂良、薛稷和颜真卿、柳公权，五代杨凝式，宋代苏轼、黄庭坚、米帝、蔡襄，元代赵孟頫，明代董其昌，历代书学名家无不皈依王羲之。清代虽以碑学打破帖学的范围，但王羲之的书圣地位仍未动摇。 “书圣”、“墨皇”虽有“圣化”之嫌，但世代名家、巨子，通过比较、揣摩，无不心悦诚服，推崇备至。 中国书史上虽推崇王羲之为“书圣”，但并不把他看作一尊凝固的圣像，而只是看作中华文化中书艺创造的“尽善尽美”的象征。 事物永远是发展的、前进的，王羲之在他那一时代到达“尽善尽美”的顶峰，这一“圣像”必将召唤后来者在各自的时代去登攀新的书艺顶峰。 2.浙江龙游县千年古村新槽村有那些历史文化 著名的旅游景点有：大同旅游区的云冈石窟、华严寺、善化寺、九龙壁与被陈运和诗称为“悬空的寺 踏实的诗”悬空寺以及中国五岳之一的北岳恒山；朔州旅游区的应县木塔、崇福寺；忻州旅游区的五台山、芦芽山、代县杨家将故地；太原旅游区的晋祠、天龙山石窟、窦大夫寺、玄中寺、卦山和天宁寺、文水则天庙；晋中的平遥古城、昔日晋商的豪宅大院；临汾旅游区的尧庙、洪洞县的大槐树、广胜寺、吉县黄河壶口瀑布、侯马晋都遗址；运城旅游区的解州关帝庙、芮城永乐宫壁画、夏县司马光墓、永济黄河铁牛、永济普救寺和莺莺塔，万荣飞云楼等。 其中平遥古城、云冈石窟、五台山已列入世界文化遗产。 3.竹林寺的历史文化 明朝时冀州守州大臣命人将此云幻奇景绘图以传，嘉靖年间一位冀州官吏召集能工巧匠，依照海市蜃楼幻景，在州城东北修建古寺，取名竹林寺，香火极盛，后因洪水冲击等原因而毁废。清朝末年，当地百姓曾自行投资，在遗址上重新修建竹林寺，但也早已毁坏。 1986年开始，冀州二铺村投资1200多万元建成了原衡水地区第一个旅游景区灵秀山庄。这座总面积148.8亩的景区，四面绿水环绕，重修后的冀州古刹竹林寺高耸其间，现已成为国家2A级旅游景区、河北省旅游定点单位。 灵秀山庄分三个景区。前部为玄门、慧目街、购物区、游船码头；中部为竹林寺、悬空岛、紫薇山、长城、迷宫、镇海塔；后部为北岛度假村、旅社等。悬空岛与北岛皆四面环水，隔水相对，使水面形成了一个“8”字，故此这里的水面称之为“8”景湖。 时值佛法兴盛，竹林寺多次进行大规模整修。由监院惟俊法师，知客法宏法师和众位法师的引领之下，以“充分发扬佛教优良传统，积极建设人间净土”为发展目标，使这座千年古刹，法幢高树，海众安和，呈现出一派欣欣向荣的景象。 4.广元曾家山的历史文化 4000年前，就有先民在曾家山刀耕火种，创造了人类远古文明——白羊石器文化。先秦白羊栈道及蜀汉文化遗迹历经千年沧桑，古风依然。古来迁客骚人、南北商贾和兵家纷争，曾为曾家山留下浓墨重彩的历史印记。新民主主义革命时期，红四方面军辗转南北，在此建立苏维埃政权，曾家山由此汇入革命洪流，成为川北革命老区的重要组成部分。 曾家山川洞庵山高林密，地势隐蔽而险要，历来为兵家必争之地。历史上曾发生过三次大战。公元1797年（清嘉庆二年），川楚农民起义军首领王聪儿带领起义军在洞口抗击清军所筑的寨门和炮台，至今尚存。1933年，中国工农红军也曾在川洞庵的望月楼召开秘密军事会议，制定了“清匪、减租、建立苏维埃”的行动方案。 5.抱犊寨的历史文化 抱犊寨历史悠久，文化积淀丰厚，源远流长的兵家文化、佛教文化、道教文化相互交融，构成抱犊寨文化的主脉。在巅峰的平台上，有我国最大的山顶门坊南天门，有汉将淮阴侯韩信背水一战时的点将台和后人为其修建的韩信祠，有蜿蜒起伏的环山长城，有世界独一无二的山顶地下五百罗汉堂，有道教著名道观金阙宫等等。登临其上，让人感受到弥漫着的古战场硝烟和浓郁的宗教气氛。 抱犊寨还是一处重要宗教活动场所，早在唐代，李吉甫《元和郡县图志》就记载说：“又云抱犊者，古有其名也，即道家谓之‘北岳佐命"是也，《名山记》以为福地之数，云可避兵水也。”到解放初期，抱犊寨尚有金阙宫、白云寺等宗教宫院。清初张奇逢《题萆山胜概》诗中有：“瑶池硕果余盘，鹫岭玄机遍陇畴”之句，从中可以看出道教渐衰而佛教昌隆的情况。从现存的石窟造像、陀罗尼经幢等文物看，由唐至宋金元明清，佛教活 动在抱犊寨长盛不衰，两教并存的现象，为抱犊山留下了特殊的文化遗产，尚待人之开发研究。此外，古人留下的有关祈雨、观日、浏览宴饮等方面的题记，以从另一个方面成为抱犊寨文化胜迹的重要成分。 远在古代，抱犊就有十八池、蛟龙洞、仙人洞、天门洞、南天门、北天门、望海亭、天塔、天井、天书案等景观森列盘错，令人留连忘返。 获鹿人民投巨资开发抱犊寨旅游事业仅用一年多时间，便重建了南天门、北天门、金阙宫、韩信祠、八卦阵迷宫等景点，并且沿山崖筑起了雄伟的长城，架起了横越莲花山直通抱犊寨的空中索道，游客乘缆车可直到山顶。寨中现存有系马石、箭链、古矛等；还有各种类型的佛教石刻，在山阴十八池东侧，有南朝齐武帝永明十年比丘僧，比丘尼的题名刻石，是山上年代最早的石刻；抱犊寨的道教宫观也小有名气，寨中金阴宫内的一株桃树，据说就是张三丰当年亲手所植。由于抱犊寨地处险要，所以历代均为兵家必争之地。发生在这里的战争自然也很多，且大都见载于正史中。但战争并没有使抱犊寨失去文明的光彩。公元前204年汉将韩信曾于此萆山设伏、背水一战、大破赵军。 金末元初，金恒山公武仙曾于此山屯兵建寨，抗击蒙古军队。在道教典籍中，抱犊山又被列为“北岳佐命”。 在道教典籍及《元和郡县图志》、《太平御览》、《太平寰宇记》等历代典籍中，均记载抱犊寨为道家福地和“北岳佐命”；明代著名道士张三丰也曾游历此山，并题有“抱犊福地”四字，可惜今己不存。但金阙宫的“三丰派”弟子却世代相传，并在获鹿一带产生了广泛影响。留下“三丰派”一支脉，至今相传不绝，宫观犹存。城内十方院、石井村金阙宫等道观均系抱犊寨金阙宫分支。“三丰派”第16代弟子郭资明，住山阳白云洞中，以洞取号，自号“白云”，专务清修，精于《道德》、《黄庭》之旨，为明末一代高道。 6.藕池镇的历史文化 藕池镇有“江南杏花村之称” 。藕池镇自古商贾云集，素以“小汉口”著称 。藕池历来为湖广重镇，荆楚要津，明清时期商货贸易发达，水上运输闻名，曾是“九街车马通宵客，五里灯光不夜城” 。 明清时期藕池更是长江上重要的码头和荆湘古道上的商业重镇.民国时期为湘鄂两省水上交通枢纽和江汉平原与洞庭湖平原的陆上联络纽带。藕池镇作为荆州南部湘鄂两省的区域商业物流中心和交通要道，石首县“八大公司”设在此地。 《石首县志》记载1924年，藕池常住人口3万多人，登记注册的商铺、商店2000多家，其中：疋头铺55家，百货62家，杂货105家，粗货行140家，花行200多家，粮行90家，鱼行15家，山货行8家，烟铺55家，药铺20家，金银首饰铺20多家，榨房8家，屠宰房30家，饭铺、茶馆250家以上，钱庄10多家，牙纪行760家，从业人员1000多人。工厂、手工业作坊50多个主要是酿酒、纺线、皮革、金具加工、竹木加工等。手工业尤以酿酒为胜，历史之久（有千多年的历史），规模之大（几十口窖坊），销量之广（行销湘广、川豫、江浙等地） 。 港口停泊的船只达200多艘，连绵五里之遥，挑贩200多人，每天进出藕池港的货物达2万担之多。镇上产业家、实业家、财主十几家。著名的有工商实业家彭全美、肖聚丰、鲁恒泰、蔡禹平、孟子忠、徐鼎泰、夏恒茂、丁锦堂等等，登记的资本，以银元计算达千万元之巨。 1938年日本侵占藕池。日军先后与镇守藕池的国军第九战区洞庭警备司令部、国民党53军130师，44军116师激战，日军空投炸弹，炸沉了停在藕池港口的2艘军舰，5艘商船，藕池全镇“五纵四横九条街”化为断垣残壁，工商百业惨遭炮火，古楼石街、店栈酒店、高塔亭园、工厂作坊毁于战难，民众死伤上千。 7.爨底下村的历史是什么 爨底下村位于北京西郊门头沟区斋堂镇，川底下村，实名爨底下。 因在明代“爨里安口”（当地人称爨头）下方得名。位于京西斋堂西北狭谷中部，解放前属宛平县八区，现属斋堂镇所辖。 距京90公里，海拔650米，村域面积5.3平方公里，清水河流域，温带季风气候，年平均气温10.1℃，自然植被良好，适合养羊，养蜜蜂。爨底下是国家A级景区。 爨底下村人（户主及子女）全姓韩。相传是明代由山西洪洞县大槐树下移民而来，原村址在村西北老坟处，后因山洪暴发，将整个村庄摧毁。 只有一对青年男女，外出幸免遇难。为延续韩族后代，二人以推磨为媒而成婚，并在现址立村，婚后所生三子，为：韩福金、韩福银、韩福苍。 三 子分三门，即：东门、中门、西门。始以福字为第一辈序排20辈：福景自守玉、有明万宏思、义巨晓怀孟、永茂广连文，至今已发展到17辈，茂，字辈。 还相传是因为爨被村民们编成了顺口溜：兴字头，林字腰，大字下面架火烧，大火烧林烧的兴，岂不很热？所以姓韩，谐音寒。 全村现有人口29户，93人，土地280亩全村院落74个，房屋689间。 大部分为清后期所建（少量建于民国时期）的四合院、三合院。依山而建，依势而就，高低错落，以村后龙头为圆心，南北为轴线呈扇面形展于两侧。 村上、村下被一条长200米，最高处20米的弧形大墙分开，村前又被一条长170米 爨底下村的弓形墙围绕，使全村形不散而神更聚，三条通道惯穿上下，而更具防洪、防匪之功能。 爨底下是国家3A级景区，市级文明单位，市级民俗旅游专业村，2003年被国家建设部，国家文物局评为首批中国历史文化名村，区级革命传统教育基地。 著名的专家哲文先生讲：爨底下古山村是一颗中国古典建筑瑰宝的明珠，它蕴含着深厚的北方建筑文化内涵，就其历史，文化艺术价值来说，不仅在北京，就是在全国也属于珍贵之列，公之于世，功莫大焉。 村名 爨底 下的“爨”字，共有三十笔，发cuàn音，为了方便记忆可拆开说：兴字头，林字腰、大字下面加火烧，大火烧林，越烧越兴，岂不很热，而爨底下人全姓韩，取 谐音（寒）则为冷意，冷与热在五行之中可以互补，宇宙万物有天就有地，有日就有月，有男必然有女，有冷就得有热，故而爨底下村在历史上曾辉煌过。 “爨”字从字意解释为：家，永不分爨，即永不分家。为：灶，烧火煮饭。 为：姓，陕西省歧山县有爨家庄，全村千口余人 皆姓爨。此字难写难认，会写则成爨，不会写则成一片，故而用谐音“川”字代之，但仍发爨音。 最早是在1942年为方便抗日干部特别是外地抗日干部通讯联 系，将“爨”改成“川”，爨与川并用至五十年代末，基本就不用爨字了，1995年搞旅游开发后，爨字又大放熠彩。 四合院 爨底下的四合院与京城四合院相比有相同之处，也有不同等地方。 爨底下村远景 正房多大，厢房多大，门楼开在那边，中轴线在哪儿，完全靠风水学所规范。左青龙，右白虎，前朱雀，后玄武，其建筑思想相同。 在工艺上也讲究干磨细摆，磨砖对缝。不同之处是，东西厢房向院中央缩进，减少占地面积，二进院中，内宅与外宅的中轴线上，不建垂花门，而建三间五檩的穿堂屋，以提高土地利用率。 穿堂屋东侧开二门，大门开在前院东南角。雨水从大门左侧地洞排出。 爨底下的四合院的正房、倒座房大部分为四梁八柱，厢房为三梁六柱。墙体四角硬，房顶双坡硬山清水脊，房脊两端起蝎子尾，下置花草盘子，板瓦石望板或木望板，条砖墙裙。 门和窗的窗棂多富于变化：工字锦、灯 笼锦、大方格、龟背锦、满天星、一马三箭、和斜插棂字等。地基四周全用条石砌成，房两侧墙腿下有迎风盖板，其石雕花纹繁多而不雷同，有大方格、斜方格、水 波纹或花卉吉语等。 影壁 爨底下四合院前院东厢房的南山墙，后院东厢房的南山墙建座山影壁。上有帽，中有心，下有座三部 爨底下村 分。 帽上雕有寿桃，万字锦，檐头瓦当或虎头，或福字，磨砖假椽头或圆或方，精雕梅花，以取万事美好之意，心外角雕有四时花卉，内角雕云花，中心为置或雕“鸿禧”或书“福”字，而“福”字左上点为蝙蝠造型，下为梅花鹿头造型，而右侧为寿星造型，寓意福、禄、寿。更有在福、禄、寿上布有梅花，以 其梅花五瓣状示五福临门，实为绝妙之极。 用料考究，做工精细装饰华美的影壁其主要功能是显豪富、壮观瞻、避邪气、迎吉祥。 门楼 爨底下门楼大部分建在四合院东南角，也就是沿中轴线横向东移，寓发横财。 同时也符合左青龙，右白虎的风水思想。而建于街南的四合院门楼建西北角。 屋宇式门楼居多，歇山起脊，板瓦石望板或木望板，脊 爨底下村房屋建筑 两 端起蝎子尾，下置花草盘子，磨砖对缝四角硬，前有前门罩，后有后门罩，或硬木透雕荷花、牡丹，或装窗棂卡花，门额之上有圆形或多边形门簪，上雕迎祥吉语。门槛下置门枕石，外起石墩，雕有吉语、花卉、瑞兽。 门上装铜制或铁制门钹，配门环，钌铞，门楼四角下有迎风盖板，上有戗檐博逢富丽而壮观。 整体精良 北方大部分村庄，地主老财的宅院特别好，而贫下中农的房屋却很差，形成很大反差，而爨底下村由于在历史上曾经有过辉煌，尤其清。 8.傣族文化历史 历法 傣族有千余年的老傣文文献，有古老的贝叶经。 傣族有自己独特的历法。傣历和公历纪元相差638年，即公历的639年为傣历元年。 傣历的年是阳历年，月却是阴历月。傣历分为三季，一至四月为冷季，五至八月为热季，九至十二月为雨季。 每隔三年的九月为闰月，这种历法现仍通用于泰缅等地。 文学 傣族文学的发展大致可以分为四个阶段：一是古歌、神话、创世史诗产生和发达的时期；二是英雄史诗、传说、歌谣形成和昌盛的时期；三是故事、叙事长诗兴起和繁荣的时期；四是新文学蓬勃的时期。 著名的《傣族古歌谣》共收30首傣族古歌，反映了原始时期傣族先民的生产活动和生活状况。天地起源神话有《英叭开天辟地》、《古老的荷花》、《费梅嘎帕》（《大火烧天》）等，人类起源神话有《葫芦人》、《葫芦生蛋》、《人类果》、《污垢泥人》等，洪水神话有《葫芦传人种》等，图腾神话有《鸟姑娘》、《象的女儿》、《神牛之女》等。 史诗有《巴塔麻嘎捧尚罗》、《变扎贡帕》（《古老的荷花》）、《细木过》、《天地万物的来历》。英雄史诗有《厘俸》。 歌谣主要是情歌、习俗歌、劳动歌、童谣等。 傣族人十分喜爱诗歌，尤其是叙述长诗。 佛教的传入，傣文的创制，都对叙事诗的繁荣奠定了基础。傣族民间艺人接受、翻译和传播外来的佛经文学，同时还把傣族民间故事吸纳进来，创作了大量的民间叙事长诗。 据研究，仅阿銮叙事诗（即以佛本生经为核心内容的佛祖轮回转世的修行故事）的数目就多达550部。 总的来说，常见的傣族叙事诗有《金蛙阿銮》、《口袋阿銮》、《大叶子阿銮》、《金羚羊阿銮》、《香谷阿銮》、《酸鱼阿銮》、《十二位王妃的眼珠》、《朗兑罕》、《兰嘎西贺》、《相勐》、《召树屯与楠玛诺娜》、《娥并与桑洛》、《金皇冠》、《三牙象》、《七头七尾象》等作品，是中华民族的宝贵文化遗产。 戏剧 傣剧 傣剧是云南独具特色的少数民族戏曲剧种之一，流传于云南省西双版纳傣族自治州、德宏傣族景颇族自治州各县市及保山部分傣族聚居区。 傣剧发源于有一定人物情节的傣族歌舞表演及佛经讲唱，后吸收滇剧、皮影戏的艺术营养，与此同时，傣剧从土司衙门扩散到民间，涌现出大量民间傣剧表演组织。 新中国建立后，傣剧有了新的发展。1960年第一个专业演出团体潞西县傣剧团成立，1962年扩建为德宏州傣剧团。 1962年，《娥并与桑洛》参加西南区少数民族戏剧观摩演出引起轰动，被誉为“东南亚的明珠”。除德宏州傣剧团这样的专业团体以外，较大的傣族村寮几乎都有业余演出队伍。 目前傣剧基本上只为老年人所喜爱，年轻人因为听不懂而对其没有多大兴趣。傣剧在传承方面的困难日益凸现[1]。 民歌舞蹈 傣族民歌曲调节奏灵活优美抒情。德宏民歌曲调鲜明重音突出，西双版纳民歌滑音装饰音较多，瑞丽山歌活泼爽朗各有特色。 舞蹈种类很多，动作及内容主要模拟当地常见的动物的活动，在此基础上加以人格化。孔雀舞既来源于孔雀优美动作的模仿，也来源于傣族美丽动人的传说。 著名舞蹈家刀美兰因表演孔雀舞而闻名中外。 节庆 著名舞蹈家——刀美兰（傣族） 泼水节（傣历新年）是傣族最富民族特色的节日。 节期在傣历六月，相当于公历4月。泼水节这一天人们要拜佛，姑娘们用漂着鲜花的清水为佛洗尘，然后彼此泼水嬉戏，相互祝愿。 起初用手和碗泼水，后来便用盆和桶，边泼边歌，越泼越激烈，鼓声、锣声、泼水声、欢呼声响成一片。泼水节期间，还要举行赛龙船、放高升、放飞灯等传统娱乐活动和各种歌舞晚会。 其大多数都与佛教有关。 民居 傣族人居住的竹楼是一种干栏式建筑。 竹楼近似方形，以数十根大竹子支撑，悬空铺楼板；房顶用茅草排覆盖，竹墙缝隙很大，既通风又透光，楼顶两面的坡度很大，呈A字形。竹楼分两层，楼上住人，楼下饲养牲畜，堆放杂物，也是舂米、织布的地方。 服饰 傣族男子一般上穿无领对襟袖衫，下穿长管裤，以白布或蓝布包头。傣族女子的服饰各地有较大差异，但基本上都以束发、筒裙和短衫为共同特征。 筒裙长到脚面，衣衫紧而短，下摆仅及腰际，袖子却又长又窄。 饮食 傣族以大米为主食，喜爱糯米，最具特色是竹筒饭。 制作方法是将新鲜的糯米装进竹筒后加水后，用一个玉米胡塞上，放在火上烧烤，吃起来清香可口。傣族还有很多特色烧烤。 傣族的凉拌也十分美味，比如干巴丝，包烧鱼等等，那可是美味至极啊。 普洱茶是云南普洱特产，唐代就远销中国各地，清代时远销东南亚及南亚，现已进入日本和西欧等国家和地区的市场，成为中外驰名的名茶。 西双版纳傣族自治州特产非常丰富，仅水果就有110多种，这里动植物品种繁多，是有名的“植物王国”和“动物王国”。1991年，西双版纳国家自然保护区正式向外界开放，人们可以亲身游历大自然的宝库，体味浓郁的亚热带风情。 傣族风味小吃也很多。如有一种糍粑是用糯米饭舂成团，包苏子糖馅做成的圆饼，用抹上腊油的芭蕉叶包好，食时可用火烘软或炸后蘸蜂蜜吃。 粑丝是用水把米粉搅成颗粒，蒸熟后舂成团，擀成薄而大的圆饼，冷后叠成叠，食时烫软入碗，撒各种调料。泼水糍粑是用糯米粉。 9.魁星楼的历史文化 中国历史上的魁星，是指道教中的唐朝时陕西西安户县石井镇钟馗故里欢乐谷人“唐。赐福镇宅圣君”钟馗，据说钟馗是主管人们科考命运的文曲星，所以自古文人们都拜请钟馗，人们说：“拜请钟馗，中榜得魁！钟馗真神显，送咱福禄寿禧安！”人们纷纷到钟馗故里拜请钟馗、并在全国各地建有魁星楼，将钟馗的像供奉其中，以便于人们就近祭拜。也有传说包公是奎星下界（见《三侠五义》第二回）。

对渠道的管理:渠道的管理和建设，维护是至关重要的。每年对分销渠道重新评估、改进、重建以及加强渠道合作，增强分销渠道的活力，以此来提高分销渠道的绩效。对渠道客观存在的中途进行不断地协调，促其健康、持续地发展。因此，在认识到渠道维护的关键意义之后，需要探讨一下渠道维护的可操作性、实效性，可以考虑从如下几方面实施渠道维护。(一)强调渠道维护使命。渠道业务人员不仅仅开发渠道，更重要的工作是维护渠道。企业在制定对业务人员进行相关考核和激励机制时，需要考虑渠道开发业绩和渠道维护业绩的各自权重。将经销商对业务人员的考核在业务人员的绩效考核指标中占有一定的比例。这样将经销商的销售情况与业务员的切实利益相关联。业务员就会积极主动关心经销商的实际情况，主动整合资源，帮助经销商提升销售额和利润。(二)建立多样化的渠道沟通手段保证企业和商家沟通的畅快。在经销商和企业营销管理人员中尽可能采用多种沟通工具和方式。橱柜经销商在经营过程中，往往会在订单、设计、广告宣传、导购、促销等各方面需要得到企业的支持和帮助。那么企业需要将涉及的到相关职能的工作人员的所有线上线下的联系方式，尽可能向经销商公布，并且制定处理相关事宜的时间期限，以便经销商的需求能得到及时快速解决。业务员对未能按时解决的问题，需要实时跟踪反馈。因此，解决了商家和企业间的沟通的畅快，就能从时间上保证，从速度上提高，对不畅环节及时进行处罚和修正，最终达到提高经销商满意度的目的。(三)建立准确的数据预警机制。预警机制的最主要目标就是防患于未然，将可能出现的问题扼杀在萌芽状态。作为企业而言，也需要对经销商的各种数据作出预警，需要建立详细的预警指标，比如财务数据中的经销商月度的销售额和销售量，客服经销商每月问题跟踪和处理结果的数据，消费者投诉数据，产品生产质量问题，哪些设计和款式比较受欢迎，产品包装，物流等等各项相关数据进行预警。如果某时期经销商的订单量骤然减少，或者订单的单价骤然下降，或者消费者的投诉量增加了很多等等，这些数据就需要引起企业的高度重视。需要对这些预警数据作出横向或纵向的分析比较，发现不良势态的苗头，及时作出相应的对策和处理。以便企业能通过微调等多种方式实时维护和巩固渠道。经销商不止是销售产品的出口，也是生产商建立企业形象/商品形象，让消费者产生购买欲望的信息载体。总是形象的经销商能够按照生产商的要求，提升购物环境的形象，重视消费者的感受和专业的服务技能，自然可以提升企业形象和产品形象，也比较容易得到消费者的认可。对经销商的培训，第一部分，经销商资源管理。以经销商的分类和分类的经销商管理为核心，基于经销商的生命周期，量化经销商的状态(用结构化信息来描述)，以推进经销商状态扩大经营区域或淘汰为目标，设置相关行动和行动的评估标准，从而形成业务过程的规则；第二部分，经销商发动。针对明确的目标对象，规划经销商发动方式和经销商发动的执行；第三部分，经销商培育与推进。无论市场活动如何有效，能转化为当期销售机会的总是少数，而其他则会成为下期机会。因此，需要对经销商进行分类培育，以保障销售机会的持续增长。具体工作包括:经销商来源管理、经销商线索流转与分配、机会的认定、经销商关怀等。第四部分，经销售的激励。1、精神鼓励，所谓的精神鼓励是指生产厂家商用信息、知识、特别交易、销售、预测和赞扬关系以及高尚的形象等感染力，来激发经销商长期合作的积极性和主动性；2、物质激励，是指利用部分高利润、功能折扣、额外奖金、送货上门、广告津贴或资助促销奖励计划、分担部分或全部运费、提供陈列品、装修装饰销售现场等措施，让经销售切实能够从中获得利益；3、创新激励，是指生产商向客户提供一种新的经营或营销模式，提升经销商乃至整个营销渠道市场上的竞争力，赢得更多的销售额；4、竞争激励，是指生产商组织销售竞赛、现金折扣和数量奖励的方式，增加经销商的竞争压力。

如果不想安装而外软件。这位仁兄可以这样做：1、在语言兰上按鼠标右键点击“设置”。2、选择微软拼音输入法3.0之后点“属性”3、之后在探出的对话框中，找到“字符集”选择繁体中文。这样就可以打出中国传统字啦（我不喜欢叫繁体）

五味和可是老牌子了，稍微年长一些的都很信赖这个牌子呢，不过它的糕点确实味道满好的，就是分量有些种，称起来有点小贵，中秋刚过，吃了他们现做的月饼系列，味道还蛮不错的哦，呵呵！