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老舍英文简介加中文翻译

2023-09-18 05:09:13
共5条回复
瑞瑞爱吃桃
英文:
ShuQingChun, word to modern Chinese novelist, shebna, writers, playwright. Lao she"s life, always devote themselves to the job, he is worthy of the great "model worker" and published a large number of literary works, affect later won the title of "people"s artist".
中文:
舒庆春,字舍予,中国现代小说家、文学家、戏剧家。老舍的一生,总是在忘我地工作,他是文艺界当之无愧的“劳动模范”,发表了大量影响后人的文学作品,获得“人民艺术家”的称号。
黑桃云

英文:

ShuQingChun, word to modern Chinese novelist, shebna, writers, playwright. Lao she"s life, always devote themselves to the job, he is worthy of the great "model worker" and published a large number of literary works, affect later won the title of "people"s artist".

中文:

舒庆春,字舍予,中国现代小说家、文学家、戏剧家。老舍的一生,总是在忘我地工作,他是文艺界当之无愧的“劳动模范”,发表了大量影响后人的文学作品,获得“人民艺术家”的称号。

皮皮

ShuQingChun, word to modern Chinese novelist, shebna, writers, playwright. Lao she"s life, always devote themselves to the job, he is worthy of the great "model worker" and published a large number of literary works, affect later won the title of "people"s artist".

中文:

舒庆春,字舍予,中国现代小说家、文学家、戏剧家。老舍的一生,总是在忘我地工作,他是文艺界当之无愧的“劳动模范”,发表了大量影响后人的文学作品,获得“人民艺术家”的称号。

苏州马小云

ShuQingChun, word to modern Chinese novelist, shebna, writers, playwright. Lao she"s life, always devote themselves to the job, he is worthy of the great "model worker" and published a large number of literary works, affect later won the title of "people"s artist".

中文:

舒庆春,字舍予,中国现代小说家、文学家、戏剧家。老舍的一生,总是在忘我地工作,他是文艺界当之无愧的“劳动模范”,发表了大量影响后人的文学作品,获得“人民艺术家”的称号。

豆豆staR

中文:

舒庆春,字舍予,中国现代小说家、文学家、戏剧家。老舍的一生,总是在忘我的工作,他是文艺界当之无愧的“劳动模范”,发表了大量影响后人的文学作品,获得“人民艺术家”的称号

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  现在很多公司都有自己的英文简介,你知道如何写公司英文简介吗?下面由我为你提供的公司简介的英语翻译,希望能帮到你。   公司简介的英语翻译(一)   At BASF, we create chemistry u2013 and have been doing so for 150 years. Our portfolio ranges from chemicals, plastics, performance products and crop protection products to oil and gas. As the world"s leading chemical company, we combine economic success with environmental protection and social responsibility. Through science and innovation, we enable our customers in nearly every industry to meet the current and future needs of society. Our products and solutions contribute to conserving resources, ensuring nutrition and improving quality of life. We have summed up this contribution in our corporate purpose: We create chemistry for a sustainable future.   公司简介的英语翻译(二)   ExxonMobil, the largest publicly traded international oil and gas company, uses technology and innovation to help meet the worldu2019s growing energy needs. We hold an industry-leading inventory of resources and are one of the worldu2019s largest integrated refiners, marketers of petroleum products and chemical manufacturers.   We must continuously achieve superior financial and operating results while simultaneously adhering to high ethical standards.   Over the last 125 years ExxonMobil has evolved from a regional marketer of kerosene in the U.S. to the largest publicly traded petroleum and petrochemical enterprise in the world.   Today we operate in most of the world"s countries and are best known by our familiar brand names: Exxon, Esso and Mobil. We make the products that drive modern transportation, power cities, lubricate industry and provide petrochemical building blocks that lead to thousands of consumer goods.   公司简介的英语翻译(三)   如何用英语介绍公司的产品?   1.   Our silk garments are made of super pre silk materials and by traditional silks.   我们的丝绸服装是用传统工艺做成的,采用的是高档真丝面料。   2.   The garments are magnificent and tasteful and have a long enjoyed great fame both at home and abroad.   这些服装华丽、高雅、驰名中外,久享盛誉。   3.   As our typewriters are made of light and hard alloy, they are both portable and durable.   我们的手提式打字机是用轻质硬合金制造的,故携带方便,经久耐用。   4.   The hand bags we quoted are all made of the best leather and of various kinds of styles and colors in order to meet the requirements of all walks of life in your country.   我们所提的手提包均用最好的皮革制造,式样、颜色齐全,以适合贵国各阶层人士的需求。   5.   As our product has all the features you need and is 20% cheaper compared with that of Japanese make, I strongly recommend it to you.   我们的产品具备了您所需要的各项特色,而且比日本产品便宜20%,所以我们向您极力推荐。   6.   Vacuum cleaners of this brand are competitive in the international market and are the best-selling products of their Kind.   这种牌子的吸尘器在国际市场上颇具竞争力,是同类产品中最畅销的。   7.   “Forever”multiple speed racing bicycles are sure to be salable in your market.   永久牌变速跑车在你们的市场上一定很畅销。   8.   Owing to its superior quality and reasonable price, our silk has met with a warm reception and quick sale in most European countries.   我们的丝绸质量优良,价格公道,深受大多数欧洲国家的欢迎,非常畅销。   9.   We feel that our product is the best kind in Asia and we can very well compete against Japan in price.   我们认为我们的产品在亚洲是最好的,在价格上完全可以与日本竞争。   10.   Our goods are greatly appreciated in other markets similar to your own.   我们的产品在其它市场同在贵方市场一样受到欢迎。   11.   By virtue of this superior quality, this product is often sold out of stock in many areas.   我们的产品因其优秀的质量,在很多地区经常脱销。   12.   Our products are superior in quality and moderate in price and are sure to be saleable in your market.   我们的产品质量优秀,价格适中,在贵方市场上一定很畅销。   13.   These items are most salable in our market.   在我方市场上,这些产品是最畅销的。   14.   There has been a steady demand in our market for this kind of toy.   在我们的市场上,这种玩具的需求一直很稳定。   15.   We have the pleasure in recommending you the goods similar to the samples you sent.   我们很高兴地向你们推荐类同于贵方所提供之样品的样品。   16.   This model of typewriter is efficient and durable, economical and practical for middle school students.   这个型号的打字机对中学生来说,高效、耐用、经济、实惠。   17.   The computer we produced is characterized by its high quality, compact size, energy saving and is also easy to learn and easy to operate.   我们生产的计算机其特点是质量好,体积小,节能,而且易学好用。   18.   They are not only as low-priced as the goods of other makers, but they are distinctly superior in the following respects.   它们不但和其它厂家的产品一样低廉,而且在以下几个方面有其独特的优越性。   19.   You will get a 30% increase in production upon using this machine and also it allows one person to perform the tasks of three people.   一旦使用该机器,你们将会增产30%,而且一个人可以顶3个人使用。   20.   This product will pay its own way in a year.   该产品一年就可收回成本。   21.   This machine will pay back your investment in six months.   该机器半年就可收回投资。   22.   The new type of suitcase car designed by our engineers is very ingenious and practical.   我方工程师设计的新款行李车非常精巧、实用。   23.   This kind of bicycle can be folded in half and handy to carry around, especially useful during traveling and traffic jams.   这种自行车可以折迭,携带方便,在旅行中或交通堵塞时特别有用。   24.   The maximum speed of this kind of variable-speed bicycle is 30 km per hour.   这种变速车每小时的最大速度是30km   25.   These machines have few breakdowns and are easy to maintain because of their simple mechanical structure.   这些机器由于机械的构造简单,所以很少故障,易于保养。   26.   Compared with the other brands, this kind of type costs less per mile and wears much longer due to its topnotch rubber.   与其它牌子相比,这种轮胎每英里损耗较少,也耐磨一些,因为它是用一种流橡胶做成的。   27.   This kind of type is characteristic of nonskid stops on wet roads.   这种轮胎的特点是在潮湿的路面上不打滑。   28.   This material has a durable and easy to clean surface.   这种材料的表面耐用并易一地清洗。   29.   This kind of air conditioning system is practical and economical for the needs of your company.   这种空调系统实用、经济、能满足贵公司的需要。   30.   Our products are of superb quality as well as the typical oriental make-up.   我方产品,质量优良,具有典型的东方特色。
2023-09-06 13:58:111

我最喜欢的明星英语作文(有给人简介,翻译,喜欢的原因)

《My favorite star》:My favorite star is Zhou Xun, who is an outstanding actress. Now she has become one of the iconic actresses in China. Besides, she advocates herself in philanthropy and environmental protection. Zhou Xun calls on everyone to live a low-carbon life to keep a green and beautiful planet. I like her because of her excellent performing as well as her personality.我最喜欢的明星英语作为:我最喜欢的明星是周迅,她是一位很棒的电影演员。现在,她已经成为了华语影坛最具标志性的女演员之一。此外,她也热衷于慈善事业和环保。周迅号召大家低碳生活,还我们一个绿色、美丽的地球。我喜欢她,不仅因为她出色的表演,也因为她的人格魅力。点击领取一对一免费欧美外教试课,外教教你如何写作:【免费领取,外教一对一精品课程】试完课还可以免费测试口语水平哦~阿卡索英语培训的优势在于,不仅一对一针对性强,性价比高,课均不到20元,就可以自主选择喜欢的外教,助教每天安排课后习题,巩固学习,有效提高英语技能和口语水平,点击上述蓝字领取免费试课。不知道如何选择英语机构,可以百度咨询“阿卡索vivi老师”;如果想下载免费英语资源,可以百度搜索“阿卡索官网论坛”。
2023-09-06 13:58:231

请问"企业简介"英文翻译是什么?

当然是 corporation profile 国外都是如此,最正规
2023-09-06 13:59:064

张爱玲简介中英文翻译急用

张爱玲,中国现代作家,原籍河北省唐山市,原名张煐。1920年9月30日出生在上海公共租界西区一幢没落贵族府邸。Eileen Chang, China modern writer, originally from Hebei province Tangshan City, formerly known as Zhang Ying. Born in September 30, 1920 in Shanghai public concession West a noble mansion.作品主要有小说、散文、电影剧本以及文学论著,她的书信也被人们作为著作的一部分加以研究。Works include novels, essays, film scripts and literary works, and her letters were also studied as part of the work of the people.1944年张爱玲结识胡兰成与之交往。1973年,张爱玲定居洛杉矶,1995年9月8日,适逢中秋节,张爱玲的房东发现她逝世于加州韦斯特伍德市罗彻斯特大道的公寓,因动脉硬化心血管病而去世,终年75岁,被发现的时候她已经过世一个星期。9月30日,生前好友为她举行了追悼会,追悼会后,骨灰被撒入太平洋。1944 Eileen Chang to get to know Hu Lancheng and exchanges. In 1973, Eileen Chang settled in Losangeles, September 8, 1995, coincides with the Mid Autumn Festival, Eileen Chang found her landlord died in California city at the Westwood Avenue apartment, died due to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, aged 75, was found when she has been dead for a week. In September 30th, his friends as she held a memorial meeting, after the funeral, the ashes were scattered into the Pacific ocean.希望对你有帮助!
2023-09-06 13:59:321

公司简介的英文翻译

上面的人真不厚道,一看就是机器翻译的,还好意思说是自己译的,真恶心!
2023-09-06 13:59:482

公司简介英文翻译

Zhejiang Province,where is economically developed and beautiful.这句话的 where 改为which
2023-09-06 14:00:204

公司简介 翻译方法

company profile
2023-09-06 14:00:322

公司简介英语怎么说?

公司简介的英文:company introduction;Company profile. 扩展资料   短语:   1、Products introduction 产品介绍 ; 产品规格书 ; 产品推介会   2、Hotel Introduction 酒店介绍 ; 酒店简介 ; 酒店先容 ; 饭店介绍   3、Packaging Introduction 包装说明;   例句:   为了更好的与国外合作伙伴进行交流和合作,公司简介的翻译变得越来越重要。   In order to well communicate and cooperate with foreign partners.   公司简介英国道尔化学公司(D&R)是一家跨国专业制漆企业。   D& R is a multinational corporation which specially manufactures paint.   请寄给我公司简介。   Can you send me a brochure about your company?   包括公司简介,产品总汇和企业荣誉。   Has material about company information, trade promotions and a catalogue.   修改公司简介,更改公司主题。   Modify the company profile and change company themes.   第三章:腾讯公司简介。   Chapter Three is the introduction to Tencent Corporation.
2023-09-06 14:01:181

公司简介用英语怎么说?

公司简介的英文:company introduction;Company profile. 扩展资料   短语:   1、Products introduction 产品介绍 ; 产品规格书 ; 产品推介会   2、Hotel Introduction 酒店介绍 ; 酒店简介 ; 酒店先容 ; 饭店介绍   3、Packaging Introduction 包装说明;   例句:   为了更好的与国外合作伙伴进行交流和合作,公司简介的翻译变得越来越重要。   In order to well communicate and cooperate with foreign partners.   公司简介英国道尔化学公司(D&R)是一家跨国专业制漆企业。   D& R is a multinational corporation which specially manufactures paint.   请寄给我公司简介。   Can you send me a brochure about your company?   包括公司简介,产品总汇和企业荣誉。   Has material about company information, trade promotions and a catalogue.   修改公司简介,更改公司主题。   Modify the company profile and change company themes.   第三章:腾讯公司简介。   Chapter Three is the introduction to Tencent Corporation.
2023-09-06 14:01:331

公司简介的英文怎么写?

公司简介的英文:company introduction;Company profile. 扩展资料   短语:   1、Products introduction 产品介绍 ; 产品规格书 ; 产品推介会   2、Hotel Introduction 酒店介绍 ; 酒店简介 ; 酒店先容 ; 饭店介绍   3、Packaging Introduction 包装说明;   例句:   为了更好的与国外合作伙伴进行交流和合作,公司简介的翻译变得越来越重要。   In order to well communicate and cooperate with foreign partners.   公司简介英国道尔化学公司(D&R)是一家跨国专业制漆企业。   D& R is a multinational corporation which specially manufactures paint.   请寄给我公司简介。   Can you send me a brochure about your company?   包括公司简介,产品总汇和企业荣誉。   Has material about company information, trade promotions and a catalogue.   修改公司简介,更改公司主题。   Modify the company profile and change company themes.   第三章:腾讯公司简介。   Chapter Three is the introduction to Tencent Corporation.
2023-09-06 14:02:041

山东大学的简介,翻译成英语

Shandong University is one of the oldest and prestigious universities in China .Shandong University was founded in 1901 and is the second national university established soon after Jingshi University (the Metropolitan University ) in the country.Recently,the Ministry of Education approved the university as a “national key comprehensive university.” In 2001,it was listed among the 21 national key construction first-class universities by the Ministry of Education.Situated in Jinan ,capital city of Shandong Province ,Shandong University covers an area of 3.849 square kilometers.The province is located on the east coastal part of China and the lower reach of Yellow River .Not only is it one of the most economically developed coastal provinces in China ,but also a major contributor to the ancient Chinese culture—the auspicious birthplace of Qilu culture.Shandong University consists of 31 schools/colleges and a graduate school.Courses are offered in 11 main academic disciplines:philosophy,economics,law,literature,history,natural sciences,engineering,management,medicine ,education and military.There are 104 undergraduate degree programs,209 master degree programs,127 doctoral degree programs,and 15 post-doctorate mobile stations.In addition,there are 7 professional master"s degree programs in law,business management,engineering,clinical medicine,public health,dentistry and public administration respectively.The student population totals to about 95,000,of which 40,978 are fulltime students,10,755 are postgraduate students,and over 1,000 are international students.Shandong University embraces an abundance of scientific research facilities,a strong teaching staff,and favorable studying environment.At the university,there exist 35 national,provincial,and ministerial key academic disciplines; 2 national key research labs; 20 provincial and ministerial key research labs; a national engineering and technology promotion center; 19 provincial technology research centers; 4 national basic scientific research and personnel development bases; 4 social science key research bases approved by Ministry of Education; and 4 national fundamental science personnel development bases.The university also has a group of reputed scholars known home and abroad,of which 922 are professors.There are 29 academicians(including adjunct academicians) who are members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering.Three general hospitals,including Qilu Hospital and 12 teaching hospitals are affiliated with the university.Over 175 experimental labs,teaching and research facilities are well-equipped.The university library houses a collection of about 5,600,000 volumes.Shandong University is a higher learning institution open to the world.Over the years,Shandong University has established a broad international network for educational cooperation and has signed exchange agreements with over 70 universities from over 50 countries.The university remains active in academic cooperation and exchanges with over 100 educational and research institutions worldwide.The university becomes an important education base for international students.Since 1980,Shandong University has received over 10,000 students from over 60 countries.
2023-09-06 14:02:191

香市中学英文简介怎么写

1、首先在网上搜索香市中学的学校简介。2、接着复制简介,然后把简介粘贴到翻译软件或者翻译平台进行翻译。3、最后对照着写香市中学的英文简介即可。
2023-09-06 14:02:341

名侦探柯南英文简介带翻译

自己翻的,望笑纳"Detective Conan" is one of the most popular cartoons in Japan.It"s a detective story created by Goushou Aoyama in 1994.The story tells about a 17-year-ago student named Shinichi Kudou is a detective.One day he was poisoned by a mysterious underground crime organization unluckily.To our surprise, he didn"t die and turned into a 7-year-ago student named Conan.Thought he was shrined,he has much of brian.To find that evil crime organization,he lived with his girlfriend Lan,and depended on her father.He solved the case one after another behind the scenes.His famous words are "There is only one truth”名侦探柯南是日本最受欢迎的动漫之一。它是一部侦探类漫画,在1994年青山刚昌创造了它。这部动漫讲述了一名17岁的高中生侦探:工藤新一。有一天他不幸地被一个地下组织灌下毒药。使我们惊讶的是,他没有死而且缩小了变成了7岁的小学生柯南。虽然他变小了,但是他仍然有灵活的头脑。为了找到那个邪恶的组织,他和他的青梅竹马小兰与她的父亲住在一起。他在幕后解决了一个又一个的案件。他的名言是:真相只有一个。
2023-09-06 14:02:422

公司简介英文怎么写?

公司简介的英文:company introduction;Company profile. 扩展资料   短语:   1、Products introduction 产品介绍 ; 产品规格书 ; 产品推介会   2、Hotel Introduction 酒店介绍 ; 酒店简介 ; 酒店先容 ; 饭店介绍   3、Packaging Introduction 包装说明;   例句:   为了更好的与国外合作伙伴进行交流和合作,公司简介的翻译变得越来越重要。   In order to well communicate and cooperate with foreign partners.   公司简介英国道尔化学公司(D&R)是一家跨国专业制漆企业。   D& R is a multinational corporation which specially manufactures paint.   请寄给我公司简介。   Can you send me a brochure about your company?   包括公司简介,产品总汇和企业荣誉。   Has material about company information, trade promotions and a catalogue.   修改公司简介,更改公司主题。   Modify the company profile and change company themes.   第三章:腾讯公司简介。   Chapter Three is the introduction to Tencent Corporation.
2023-09-06 14:02:491

“实验室成果简介”的英文翻译

exihibit of aquicoloushy animal laborary
2023-09-06 14:03:051

厦门大学英文怎样介绍自己?

厦门大学英文简介:Xiamen University is short for Xiamen University. Founded in 1921 by Mr. Chen Jiageng, a famous patriotic leader of overseas Chinese, it is the first university founded by overseas Chinese in the history of modern education in China. It is one of the earliest universities in China to recruit postgraduates. It is the first university in China to build an independent campus overseas, and is known as "the strongest in the South".Called the most beautiful university in China.The school is directly under the Ministry of Education, and the central government directly administers the system at the Deputy ministerial level. It is a comprehensive and research-oriented national key university. The Ministry of Education, the State Bureau of National Defense Science, Technology and Industry, Fujian Province and Xiamen Municipality have jointly built key universities, leading by the National "2011 Plan" and key universities by the National "211 Project" and "985 Project".简介中文翻译:厦门大学简称厦大。由著名爱国华侨领袖陈嘉庚先生于1921年创办,是中国近代教育史上第一所华侨创办的大学,是国内最早招收研究生的大学之一,中国首个在海外建设独立校园的大学,被誉为“南方之强”。也被称为中国最美的大学。学校直属教育部,中央直管副部级建制,是综合性研究型全国重点大学。教育部、国家国防科技工业局、福建省和厦门市重点共建,是国家“双一流”世界一流大学建设高校,国家“2011计划”牵头高校,国家“211工程“和“985工程”重点建设高校。
2023-09-06 14:03:131

鲁迅的简短英文简介(附中文翻译)

111111111111111
2023-09-06 14:03:404

简爱英语简介中文翻译

Jane loves English
2023-09-06 14:03:511

求公司简介英文翻译

Company Jane interfaceYip construction co., LTD., in March 1996, fujian fuzhou built in China, the company business scope has building decoration engineering, landscape engineering, intelligent engineering, steel structure engineering, management, planning, construction engineering consulting services, convention and exhibition services, recreational activity planning, brand promotion, etc. Company"s existing secondary qualification of national building decoration design, building decoration engineering construction 2 class aptitude, at the same time also has the steel structure engineering, landscape engineering, building intelligence engineering, building waterproof engineering, city and road lighting engineering qualification; At the same time the company still standing director unit of fuzhou city building decoration association, fujian landscape architecture association member units, China interior design association units; Total company registered capital of RMB ten thousand.Company employees 89 people, is a professional titles of technical personnel 49 people, senior engineer 2 people, 1 intermediate accountant, economist 1 person, engineers 18 people, 8 people associate constructor, and owns a strong fixed construction team. Company has rich experience in engineering design, construction, has consistently adhered to the "credibility first, quality first" service purposes. Based on fujian, facing the whole country, expand the domestic market. In recent years, to undertake a number of engineering design and construction, including MAO"s home village hotel renovation, fuzhou fujian big easy group office building decoration engineering, fujian nanan blonde hotel renovation, fujian fu tai group office building decoration engineering, longyan city XinLuoOu enforcement office building decoration engineering, pingtan comprehensive experimental area through training center renovation, railway construction office decoration project in fujian province, fuzhou jia sheng square indoor decoration engineering, fujian deposit greatly hotel renovation, the Chinese communist party committee office of fujian provincial party committee, 75 yuan decorate a project, putian triumph all sales department to decorate, putian triumph international sales department such as decorating, obtained the owner"s consistent high praise.After years of development, great construction business is thriving. In the future development, the company all staff to play the "unity, dedication, development, innovation" spirit of enterprise, adhere to the brave in exploitation, strict management, steady development; Integrity-based business philosophy, sincere cooperation with friends from all walks of life, make updates to the development of society, the contribution of bigger and better.
2023-09-06 14:04:471

公司简介 英文翻译

英文翻译公司,我们公司的翻译项目都是共明翻译负责的,我们合作的很愉快!们那边的服务以及翻译质量还是相当不错的。他们是具备资质的专业翻译服务公司,翻译语种齐全,经验丰富,我们合作的很好,不知道是否是你要的您先去咨询一下,地址给你
2023-09-06 14:04:583

急求霍金的英文简介(带汉语翻译)

Stephen William Hawking, (born 8 January 1942) is an English theoretical physicist and cosmologist, whose scientific books and public appearances have made him an academic celebrity. He is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and in 2009 was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States.Hawking was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge for 30 years, taking up the post in 1979 and retiring on 1 October 2009. He is now Director of Research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics at the University of Cambridge. He is also a Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge and a Distinguished Research Chair at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Ontario. He is known for his contributions to the fields of cosmology and quantum gravity, especially in the context of black holes. He has also achieved success with works of popular science in which he discusses his own theories and cosmology in general; these include the runaway best seller A Brief History of Time, which stayed on the British Sunday Times best-sellers list for a record-breaking 237 weeks.Hawking"s key scientific works to date have included providing, with Roger Penrose, theorems regarding gravitational singularities in the framework of general relativity, and the theoretical prediction that black holes should emit radiation, which is today known as Hawking radiation (or sometimes as Bekenstein–Hawking radiation).Hawking has a motor neurone disease that is related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a condition that has progressed over the years and has left him almost completely paralysed.
2023-09-06 14:05:231

飘英文简介100字和翻译

"Gone with the wind" is the American writer Margaret Mitchell (1900 - 1949) ten years of grinding sword works, and only works. The novel to a plantation near Atlanta and story, depicts the life of the southern American people before and after the civil war. Portrays the image of that era many southerners, accounted for the center position of Scarlett and Rhett, Ashley and Melanie et al is the typical representative. Their customs and etiquette, manners, spirit concept, political attitude by of Scarlett and Rhett love entanglement as the main line, successfully reproduces the Lincoln led the civil war, the southern region of the United States social life.
2023-09-06 14:05:372

英文版名人简介+翻译

这里介绍的是美国著名诗人 埃兹拉·庞德。他是20世界现代派意象诗人。 Born in Idaho and raised in Pennsylvania, Ezra Pound spent most of his life in Europe and became one of the 20th century"s most influential -- and controversial -- poets in the English language. After college in Pennsylvania and a brief stint as a teacher, Pound travelled to Venice and then to London, where he refined his aesthetic sensibilities and edited the anthology Des Imagistes (1914). Pound championed the likes of T. S. Eliot, William Carlos Williams and James Joyce and, influenced by Chinese and Japanese poetry, advocated free meter and a more economical use of words and images in poetic expression. He moved to Paris in 1920 and got acquainted with Gertrude Stein and her circle of friends (which included Ernest Hemingway and Pablo Picasso), then settled in Italy in 1924. . Pound died in 1972.
2023-09-06 14:05:481

公司简介中文翻译成英文

I now only 17 points, sorry Here you are only 15 minutes, so a translation of the text as follows: Tianrui Bearing China Bearing Co., Ltd. is located in a town called Shandong Linqing. Companies adhering to the "customer first, forge ahead" business philosophy, adhere to the "customers first" principle of providing our customers with quality service. Our company was founded in 1992, producing all kinds of bearings, Main 0 categories, 7 types of bearings. The company has modernized standard factory buildings over 10,000 square meters, more than 200 employees, including 10 engineers, 28 technical personnel.international quality system certification. The company has a large number of advanced and professional production equipment and testing instruments, products, parts and components using advanced CNC machining, lathe modern manufacturing equipment to a total of 200 Units (sets). Products are exported to Southeast Asia, the Americas, Africa, countries and regions. Welcome friends from all walks of life visit the guide, visitors and business negotiations
2023-09-06 14:06:091

急求一段企业简介的英语翻译 谢谢了

Taizhou Luqiao Wufeng Motor Factory ,which is famous for electric machinery ,manufacture, sale and export,is located in a new business city ---Luqiao,the Taizhou city of Zhejiang Province,which is near the coast of East Oceam. Merchants are always gathering here and doing business. The transportation of Luqiao is very convenient . Our own brand of the " golden Wufeng" has a high reputation in the motor areas. We adherence to the "integrity-based, pioneering and innovative" purpose and successfully build a sales network throughout the country, and actively expand our foreign markets. Our factories have the research, design and development of integrated technology center, and experienced workforce and rapid pre and after-sales technical support and service capabilities. Wufeng motor tries their best to build a strong brand name by their strict accordance to both country and industry"s standards in the entire process of production .We introduce large-scale production plant automation equipment in order to ensure the stability of the quality of qualified laid a solid foundation. With the development of many years Wufeng motor has built a customer-centric marketing system. Motor category leading products: Y, Y2 series of three-phase asynchronous motors; YY, YC, YL, YU, JY series single-phase induction motor; YEJ series of electromagnetic brake asynchronous motor. Wufeng motor undertak or cooperate to development various kinds of special requirements of the motor and provides OEM and ODM production services. Welcome to visit our factory! Let"s create brilliant together!
2023-09-06 14:06:193

求英文翻译1分钟的自我简介

Hello, My name is XX, I come from Sichuan, and graduated from Central South University, Department of Business Administration. Record information on a certain production management, data entry, event planning experience, I am an optimistic enthusiasm, eager to learn and motivated girls, I believe I can meet the requirements of your company, and finally, thank you for reading my resume, I wish you Exhibition grand!
2023-09-06 14:06:283

李宁的英文简介还有中文翻译

分类: 教育/科学 >> 外语学习 问题描述: 快快呀`` 大家来帮忙啊! 解析: 我给你找了些,希望对你有帮助: Li Ning Li Ning is a famous Chinese gymnast and entrepreneur. He was born in a Zhuang family on September 8 1963 in Liuzhou, Guangxi, China. Li is most famous for winning 6 medals at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, including 3 gold medals (in floor exercise, pommel horse, and rings), 2 silver medals, and a bronze medal. In 1982, he won six of the seven medals awarded at the Sixth World Cup Gymnastic Competition, earning him the title "Prince of gymnastics". Li retired from sporting petition in 1988, and in 1990 he founded the Beijing Li-Ning Sports Goods Company, which sells fooear and sporting apparel in China. Li-Ning Sports Goods counts Nike and Adidas as its main petitors, and the products of Li-Ning Sports Goods continue to be more popular in China than those of foreign petitors. In 2005, the Li Ning Company"s annual revenue was in excess of US$300 million dollars and the pany is public pany traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Li Ning remains the pany"s Chairman of the Board. Li was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 2000. [1] Endorsers Spanish National Basketball Team is equipped with Li-Ning, at least since 2004 [2], men and women alike. Shaquille O"Neal recently signed a five year deal with Li-Ning, citing an influence from former teammate Damon Jones, who also is an endorser of Li-Ning branded shoes. [3]. In another occasion, he cited the Spanish National Basketball Team as an influence of his choice. Olympic medal record Men"s Artistic Gymnastics Gold 1984 Los Angeles Floor exercise Gold 1984 Los Angeles Pommel horse Gold 1984 Los Angeles Rings Silver 1984 Los Angeles Team petition Silver 1984 Los Angeles Vault Bronze 1984 Los Angeles All-around 李宁先生,41岁,本集团主席兼执行董事及李宁品牌创立人,主要负责制订本集团整体公司策略、规划及业务发展。 李宁先生为二十世纪最杰出运动员之一。在一九八二年举行之第六届世界体操锦标赛,李先生夺得六面金牌,缔造世界体操坛历史,并获得中国"体操王子"美誉。于一九八四年举行之第23届洛杉矶奥运会,李先生取得三金两银一铜佳绩,成为当届赢得最多奖牌之运动员。于一九八七年,李先生成为国际奥委会运动员委员会之唯一亚洲区委员。一九九三年至二零零零年,李宁先生为国际体操联合会名誉会员。于一九九九年,李先生获世界体育记者协会选为"二十世纪世界最佳运动员"。 于一九 *** 退出体坛后,李宁先生构思推出李宁牌,并以创立首个中国国家级运动品牌为目标。李先生于过往14年一直扩充及推广本集团之业务以及发展中国体育用品行业。李先生取得北京大学法律学士学位,并已于二零零二年完成北京大学光华管理学院之行政人员工商管理硕士课程。
2023-09-06 14:06:371

求以下简历中的英文翻译“个人简介”“获奖情况”“实践经历” 急

Personal profileDuring the period of college, I am actively engaged and actively seek opportunities for contact with social work. The desire for knowledge is strong, and it likes to learn actively. In 2009, I had completed its market survey at XX University for Shanghai auchuan consulting company, which was confirmed by the supervisor. For a solid, serious, past events to show my great work and team spirit, I am cheerful, happy to communicate with people, love to make friends, good adaptability and communication skills, I believe I can assist managers to complete all outstanding work.Award-winningAward 1000 yuan for academic scholarship in 2010The school level project of "innovation plan" was awarded in 2010The two prize for the fourth popular science cup in 2009College English six level certificate (CET--6)College English six level certificate (CET--6)Jiangsu computer VB twoPractice experience07 month to October 2010 *2010 October 2010 Nanjing orange network Agel Ecommerce Ltd foreign Union Commissioner (part-time job in summer)To develop market survey program, provide market forecast, actively cooperate with the company"s "call center construction" project plan to assist the ownerCommunication and liaison with government departments and joint / other administrative affairs*2009 assisting Shanghai auchuan information consulting company to complete its market survey in XX university market*2008 - 2011Taking advantage of the weekend part-time tutor
2023-09-06 14:06:492

英语素养高者请进..求常青藤联盟简介英文翻译(急啊!!)..悬赏50..

The Ivy League was founded in 1954. It"s a university association consisting of 8 American universities and one American school. The 8 universities are all topmost in America. They have a long history. They are serious in academics. Many famous scientists, political celebrities, business elites graduated there. In America, Ivy League is the synonym of topmost school.These elite schools maintain a strict admission policy. The students who are fortunate enough to be there are naturally good in study and character. The school has already been choosing fit slate of students in different high schools, and those who have got national excellent student prize and are rich in talents become its targets. But academic grades is not the only factor for admission. One of the most important factors they"ll take into consideration is the sense of independence of the students, and whether or not they can quickly adapt to the stressful life of freshman year.
2023-09-06 14:07:114

求助(急)用英语翻译一篇自我简介

亲爱的老师同学下午好,这是我第一次站在这里面对大家说英语,我感到非常兴奋。我是一个性格活泼的女孩,对生活充满好奇和乐趣。对自然和科学也很感兴趣。平时喜欢看书,画画,和运动,例如乒乓球和跑步。当然还喜欢说英语。但我觉得自己的英语水平还有待提高,希望借着这次机会能增加我对英语朗读的经验,还希望以下的这个幽默小故事能带给大家欢乐。Dear teachers and classmates, good afternoon! This is the first time that I got the chance to talk to everyone in English, and I"m very excited. I am a lively and active girl. In my eyes, life is curious and delightful. I am super interested in Science and nature. I also love to read, draw, and sports like pingpong and running. Of course, i love English a lot, but i think i still need to improve my English to get better and better each day. I hope that i can use this opportunity to advance my English a little. Now i"m going to tell you all a funny story, wish everybody enjoys it, and i could bring all you guys joyfulness.
2023-09-06 14:07:284

公司介绍英文翻译,急!!

Beijing QiMingXing Information Technology Pty Ltd has been founded in 1996.It is an Internet security company that owns its own products and intellectual property and provides the entire solutions.The headquarter is in Beijing,and we have branch companies in Shanghai,shenzhen,wuhan,shenyang,chongqing and xi"an,totally 13 business offices in the whole country. There are over 700 staffs in the company, nearly 30% of them own the master and phd degrees.simutanously, we has founded the first coporation post-doctoral workshop in Internet security field.Now we have two post-doctorates in service workshop.Our company has taken over 40 national key research projects and 863 programs for 5 countries. we have strong strength on technical services.
2023-09-06 14:07:402

关于酒店简介的英文翻译

In commercial circles in the urban areas are very convenient for you and the artery the wuhan. the wuhan political and cultural center, government house is adjacent to hubei, beautiful donghu scenic spots and historic yellow crane tower of the provincial museum, in the hotel. the shopping mall adjacent to offer you the shopping space. the big supermarkets have the goods for you to choose and large shopping plaza to walk or ride a few minutes to getHas a delicate and elegant 369, restaurants and bars of chinese and foreign styles of cuisine, more than 1 400 square metres of multifunctional hall of medium and small and elegant conference, organised various business for the meeting, the press and demonstration of the product and functions of sports. recreation facilities, and let you stretching its muscles, relax mood. the superior geographical environment, the business environment has been let in out of the hotel business,Hong shan hotel will be your administration, business, meeting the first choice.business centerBusiness center equipped with all the more equipment, can provide you with the perfection of their business services and ticketing services. a reset uff1a the ground floor of the west of the hall is 8: 00 - uff1a uff1a --21 uff1a 00 uff08 this service for business service, if you need to contact customer service center uff09 extension uff1a 8108services1, the internet may provide you the lcd monitors, fibre-optic high-speed internet access, the independence of the internet zone, and elegant surroundings, 2, 3, 4 plastic letter up and copying, printing, scanning, mail delivery services covering ticketing center, offer a train ticket reservation, ticket service and travel services
2023-09-06 14:08:012

翻译:作者简介

introduction to the author
2023-09-06 14:08:116

GWAS-1 简介-翻译

GWAS(genome-wide association study)主要用于研究相关性状的主要效应。其思想是利用覆盖全基因组的高度密度SNP标记,通过对每个SNP标记或SNP单倍型与性状的关联分析,直接找到影响性状的QTN或与数量性状核苷酸(quantitative trait nucleotide,QTN)处于高度连锁不平衡的SNP。 通过一定算法关联SNP与性状的关系,这需要对结果进行度量,其有多种算法。 对于SNP的从编码也有多种,主要的是加性编码,其中SNP的基因型用0、1或2表示,以指示非参考等位基因的数量。其他可能的编码是显性编码,其中纯合指代基因型编码为0,其他基因型编码为1,而隐性编码,其中纯合替代基因型编码为1,其他基因型编码为0 1.1 数量性状通常使用广义线性模型(GLM)方法进行分析,最常见的是方差分析(ANOVA),它类似于带有分类预测变量的线性回归,在这种情况下是基因型类别。使用单个SNP进行ANOVA的假设是,任何基因型组的特征均值之间没有差异。GLM和ANOVA的假设是:1)性状是正态分布的;2)每组内的特征差异相同(各组是同方差的);3)组是独立的。 1.2 通常使用列联表法或逻辑回归分析二分病例/对照特征。列联表检验检查并测量在表型和基因型类别之间没有关联的零假设下预期的独立性偏差。该测试最普遍的形式是流行的卡方检验(以及相关的费舍尔精确检验)。 Logistic回归是线性回归的扩展,其中线性模型的结果使用逻辑函数进行转换,该逻辑函数可根据基因型类别预测案例状态的可能性。Logistic回归通常是首选方法,因为它允许对临床协变量(和其他因素)进行调整,并且可以提供调整后的比值比来。 NP的基因型也可以分为基因型类别或模型,例如显性,隐性,乘性或加性模型。编码的不同,会给研究带来不同的结果。 协变量调整可减少由于研究伪影或研究设计中的偏差而造成的虚假关联,但是调整是以使用可能影响统计功效的额外自由度为代价的。 当用作协变量时,这些得分会针对数据中的微小祖先效应进行调整。 对于不同遗传背景的群体混合在一起是影响WAS分析结果可靠性的主要因素之一。 一般对所有数据进行PCA分析,查看前两个PCs的图。 如果分层,需要校正,目前主要的方法有:基因组控制法(genomic control, GC), 结构关联法(structured assocaiation, SA)和主成分分析法(principal componets). Q-Q图: 以每个SNP的检验统计量的观察值和在原假设(SNP与性状无关)下的期望值为数据对。 P 值的曼哈顿图都是以-lg(P)表示Y值。 对于每个统计检验,都会生成一个p值,即看到一个检验统计量等于或大于观察到的检验统计量(如果原假设为真)的概率。这实际上意味着较低的p值表示如果没有关联,则看到此结果的机会非常小。 多重检验可导致I型错误扩大和假阳性关联,因而需要对多重检测校正。 那如何对多重检验进行校正是GWA研究所面临的重要问题之一。 目前常用的方法有:Bonferroni校正,递减调整法(step-down adjustment),数据重排法(data permutaton),Benjamini-Hochberg, 和控制错误发现率法(false discovery rate, FDR)等. Bonferroni校正是最保守和严格的一种,但是应用较为普遍,公式: Ps = γ / N, Ps是每次检测欲达到的显著要求的P值的阈值,γ 是所要求的总的范I性错误的概率, N是实际分析中使用的SNP数 统计检验通常被称为有效检验,如果p值低于预定义的alpha值(几乎始终设置为0.05),则无效假设会被拒绝。这意味着在5%的情况下,原假设实际上是真的,而我们检测到假阳性,则原假设被拒绝。该概率是相对于单个统计检验而言的;就GWAS而言,进行了数十万至数百万次测试,每个测试都有其自己的假阳性概率。因此,在整个GWAS分析中发现一个或多个误报的累积可能性要高得多 修正多重测试的最简单方法之一是Bonferroni修正。Bonferroni校正将alpha值从α= 0.05调整为α=(0.05 / k),其中k是进行的统计检验的次数。对于使用500,000个SNP的典型GWAS,SNP关联的统计显着性应设置为1e-7。此校正是最保守的,因为它假定500,000的每个关联测试均独立于所有其他测试-由于GWAS标记之间的连锁不平衡,这一假设通常是不正确的。 调整误报率(alpha)的另一种方法是确定误发现率(FDR)。错误发现率是对重要结果(通常为alpha = 0.05)中误报所占比例的估计。在GWAS数据集中没有真实关联的零假设下,关联测试的p值将遵循均匀分布(从0到1均匀分布)。FDR程序最初由Benjamini和Hochberg开发,从本质上 纠正 了预期的错误发现数量,从而提供了对那些被称为“重大发现”的真实结果的估计[[33]]。这些技术已广泛应用于GWAS,并以多种方式扩展[[34]]。 置换测试是在GWAS中建立重要性的另一种方法。尽管计算量大,但置换测试是在原假设为真时为给定数据集生成测试统计量的经验分布的直接方法。这是通过将每个个体的表型随机重新分配给数据集中的另一个个体来实现的,从而有效地打破了数据集的基因型与表型之间的关系。数据的每次随机重分配代表在原假设下对个体的一个可能采样,并且此过程重复了预定的次数N以生成分辨率为N的经验分布,因此N为1000的置换过程给出了经验p 1/1000内-VALUE 日 小数点后一位。已经开发了几种软件包来执行GWAS研究的置换测试,包括流行的PLINK软件[[35]],PRESTO [[36]]和PERMORY [[37]] 全基因组关联研究为检查整个基因组的遗传变异之间的相互作用提供了巨大的机会。然而,多场所分析并不像进行单场所测试那样简单,并且提出了许多计算,统计和后勤方面的挑。 因为大多数GWAS基因型介于500,000个和一百万个SNP之间,所以即使对于高效算法,检查SNP的所有成对组合也是一种计算上棘手的方法。解决此问题的一种方法是减少或过滤基因型SNP的集合,从而消除冗余信息。过滤SNP的一种简单而通用的方法是,根据任意重要性阈值从单SNP分析中选择一组结果,并详尽地评估该子集中的相互作用。但是,这可能很危险,因为基于主要效应选择要分析的SNP将阻止检测到某些多位点模型-所谓的“纯上位”模型,其边际效应在统计上是不可检测的。使用这些模型,遗传力的很大一部分都集中在交互而不是主要效果上。换句话说,标记物的特定组合(仅标记物的组合)引起疾病风险的显着变化。这种分析的好处在于,它对所选SNP集合内的相互作用进行了无偏性分析。与分析所有可能的标记组合相比,它在计算和统计上也更容易处理。 另一种策略是将SNP组合的检查限制为属于已建立的生物学环境(例如生化途径或蛋白质家族)中的那些组合。由于这些技术依赖于结构化生物医学知识的电子存储库,因此它们通常将生成SNP-SNP组合的生物信息引擎与评估GWAS数据集中组合的统计方法结合使用。例如,生物过滤器方法使用了各种公共数据源,以及逻辑回归和多因素降维方法[[40]], [41] 。同样,INTERSNP使用逻辑回归,对数线性和列联表方法评估SNP-SNP相互作用模型 [42] 。 简而言之,复制研究的一般策略是尽可能重复进行GWAS的确定和设计,但仅检查在GWAS中发现的显着遗传效应。两项研究中一致的效应可以标记为重复效应。 荟萃分析的基本原理是,所有纳入的研究都检验了相同的假设。因此,每个纳入研究的总体设计应相似,并且研究水平的SNP分析应在所有研究中遵循几乎相同的程序(参见Zeggini和Ioannidis [47] 以获得出色的评价)。确定每个站点包含哪些SNP的质量控制程序以及所有协变量调整均应标准化,并且多个站点之间临床协变量和表型的测量应保持一致。所有研究的样本集都应该是独立的–由于研究人员经常将相同的样本贡献给多个研究,因此应该经常检查这一假设。同样,一个极其重要且有点麻烦的后勤问题是要确保所有研究报告相对于常见基因组构建和参考等位基因的结果。如果一项研究报告了其相对于等位基因的结果,此SNP的荟萃分析结果可能并不重要,因为两项研究的效果相互抵消。 考虑到所有这些因素,很少能找到在所有条件下都完全匹配的多项研究。因此,经常在荟萃分析中对研究异质性进行统计量化,以确定研究之间的差异程度。研究异质性最流行的度量是I2指数I2指数在最近的研究中更受青睐。由荟萃分析得出的系数具有可变性(或误差),并且I指数表示该可变性的近似比例,这可以归因于研究之间的异质性。I2值分为低(<25),中(> 25和<75)和高(> 75)异质性,并且已被提议作为一种识别可能应该从荟萃分析中删除的研究的方法。重要的是要注意,这些统计数据应被用作识别可能与荟萃分析中其他假设不同的基础假设的研究的指导,就像离群分析被用来识别影响力过大的观点一样。但是,与异常值一样,仅在有明显理由基于研究参数进行研究时才应将其排除在外–不仅仅是因为统计数据表明该研究会增加异质性。否则,旨在减少荟萃分析异质性的不可知统计程序将增加错误的发现 google翻译文章:Bush WS, Moore JH. Chapter 11: Genome-wide association studies. PLoS Comput Biol. 2012;8(12):e1002822. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002822. Epub 2012 Dec 27. PMID: 23300413; PMCID: PMC3531285. “Exploration of a diversity of computational and statistical measures of association for genome-wide genetic studies” ( https://doi.org/10.1186/s13040-019-0201-4 )
2023-09-06 14:08:251

林俊杰简介英文版带翻译

顶2楼,那个是林俊杰自己写的自我介绍不过如果要带翻译的话,自己再把英文翻译一下好了,因为中文跟英文不是完全对应的
2023-09-06 14:08:363

飞将军李广的简介及翻译

一、译文李陵,字少卿,少年时任侍中建章监。善于骑射,爱护关心他人,对部下谦让,很有好名声。武帝觉得他有李广的风度,让他带领八百骑兵,深入匈奴领地二千多里,经过居延地区察看了地形,不见匈奴,返回。拜官骑都尉,率勇士五千人,在酒泉、张掖地区教射箭,以防备匈奴侵犯。过了几年,汉派贰师将军讨伐大宛,派李陵率五校兵随后。行军到边塞时,遇到贰师将军返回。皇上赐书李陵,李陵留下军官和士兵,与轻骑五百出敦煌,到盐水,迎接贰师将军还师,然后驻屯张掖。天汉二年,贰师将军率三万骑出兵酒泉,在天山攻击匈奴右贤王。皇上召见李陵,想让他担任贰师将军的辎重运输任务。李陵在武台被召见,叩头自请说:“臣所率领的屯边士兵,都是荆楚的勇士奇材剑客,力大可扼虎,射箭能中目标,希望独立带领一队,到兰干山南去吸引单于的兵力,不让匈奴集中兵力攻击贰师将军。”皇上说:“哪里能拨给你人马呀!我派出了很多部队,已经没有骑兵派给你了。”李陵回答说:“无须派骑兵,臣愿以少击众,步兵五千人就可以开进单于王庭。”皇上认为他勇壮便答应了,于是令强弩都尉路博德率兵在途中迎接李陵军。路博德原是伏波将军,也耻于为李陵的后卫,上奏说:“正当秋天匈奴马肥之际,不可与之交战,臣愿留李陵到春天,同时率酒泉、张掖骑兵各五千人,一起出击东西浚稽,一定可以擒获单于。”书奏上以后,皇上大怒,怀疑李陵后悔不想出兵,而让路博德上书,便下诏对路博德说:“我想派给李陵骑兵,他说‘欲以少击众,。如今匈奴进入西河,我军应率兵奔西河,你要去钩营阻挡敌军。”又下诏对李陵说:“从九月出发,出兵遮虏鄣,到束浚稽山南龙勒水边,来回寻找匈奴,要是没有发现敌军,便从浞野侯趟破奴的旧路抵受降城休整兵士,按骑兵驿站安排休整。与路博德讲了些什么话,全都写出来上报。”于是李陵率领步兵五千从居延出发,北行三十13,到浚稽山驻扎,将所过山川I地形全部画出来,派部下骑将陈步乐上报朝廷。陈步乐被召见,陈述了李陵作为将领能得士兵效命的情况,皇上很高兴,拜陈步乐为郎。李陵到浚稽山,与单于遭遇,足有三万骑兵包围了李陵军。李陵军队在两山之间,以大车为营。李陵带士兵出营外排列战阵,前行执戟、盾牌,后行持弓弩,下令说:“听到鼓声进击,听到钮声止步。”匈奴见汉军人少,就径直冲到营前,李陵交战相攻,千弩齐发,敌军应弦而倒。匈奴退回上山,漠军进击,杀死数千敌兵。单于大惊,召集左右步兵、骑兵八万多人攻击李陵。奎瞳且战且退,南行数E1,到达山谷中。连续交战,士兵中箭受伤,三处受伤的躺在车上,二处受伤的驾车,一处受伤的执兵器作战。李陵说:“我军士气减低衰退,鼓不起来的原因是什么?军中难道有女人吗?”开始出兵时,关东群盗的妻子徙边的便随军当了士兵的妻子,深藏车中。垄陆搜出来,全部杀掉。第二天再战,斩杀敌兵三千多人。率军向东南行进,沿着旧龙城道路行军,四五天到达大泽葭苇中,匈奴从上风放火,李陵也让军中放火烧出隔离带以自救。南行到山下,单于在南山上,派他的儿子率骑兵攻击李陵。李陵军在树林中交战,又杀死敌军几千人,用连弩射单于,单于下山退走。这一天捕到俘虏,交待说:“单于讲:‘这些是汉朝的精兵,攻击不能取胜,日夜诱我南近边界,会不会有伏兵呢?"各部落当户君长都说:‘单于亲自率领几万骑兵不能消灭几千人的汉兵,以后再也无法派遣入边的人了,会让汉朝更加轻视我匈奴。再到山谷中大战,还有四五十里才到平地,不能击败,就退回来。”当时,李陵军更加危急,匈奴骑兵多,一日交战数十回合,又杀死敌军二千余人。匈奴不利,想退兵,正遇李陵军军候管敢被校尉所辱,逃降匈奴,讲述了汉军情况,说“李陵军无后援,箭也快射完了,独率部下及成安侯校官各八百人为前锋,用黄、白二色旗帜,应当用精锐骑兵箭射便可消灭汉军。”成安侯是颖川人,父亲韩千秋,原为济南相,征讨南越时战死,汉武帝封其子延年为侯,以校尉身份随李陵出征。单于得到管敢后大喜,派骑兵总攻漠军,大声疾呼:“李陵、韩延年赶快投降!”于是拦截道路,攻击李陵。汉军在山谷中,匈奴在山上,四面箭如雨下。汉军南下,没有到达鞑汗山,一天就消耗掉五十万支箭,立即弃车而退兵。士兵还有三千多人,只是砍断车辐当作武器,军官持短刀,深入到峡谷之中。单于断了汉军后路,就山势下投垒石,士兵伤亡惨重,不能行进。黄昏后,李陵便衣独步出营,制止左右随从说: “不要跟随我,大丈夫一人去捉单于就可以了!”过了很久。李陵返回来,叹息着说:“兵败,就死吧!”有的军吏说: “将军威震匈奴,天命不能如愿,以后找一条返回去的道路,像浞野侯那样被俘后又逃回来,天子还是礼遇他,何况将军呢!”李陵说:“你不要说丫,我不死,非壮士。”于是砍掉所有旗帜,埋藏了珍宝,李陵叹息说: “再有几十支箭,足可以逃走了。今天没有武器再战,天亮了就坐等被俘!大家各自逃命,还会有脱身回报天子的人。”令军士每人带二升粮,一大片冰,约定到遮虏鄣等待。半夜时,击鼓起程,鼓没有响。李陵与韩延年都上了马,跟从的壮士有十几人。包抠数千骑兵追击,韩延年战死。奎堕说:“没有面目向陛下报告了!”于是便投降。军人们分散逃走,逃到边塞的有四百多人。李陵失败处距边塞有一百多里,边塞上报消息。皇上希望李陵死战,召来李陵的老母、妻室,让看相的观察,没有死丧之色。后来听说李陵投降,皇上非常愤怒,责问陈步乐,陈步乐自杀。群臣皆怪罪李陵,皇上问太史令司马迁对此事的看法,司马迁极力说: “李陵对亲人孝敬,对士人诚信,经常奋不顾身解救国家危难。从他的一向表现来看,有国士之风。今天他办了一件不幸的事,那些贪生怕死只顾保全身家性命的臣子,便任意构陷,夸大其罪,是令人痛心的!况且李陵祇率领不到五千人的步兵,长驱直入到达匈奴腹地,面对数万敌军,使匈奴顾不上救死扶伤,招来全部会射箭的民众一同围攻李陵。李陵转战千里,箭尽路绝,士兵拉的是空弩,冒着白刃箭雨,还是同敌人拼死搏斗,能得到士兵拼死之力,就是古代名将也不能超过他。他虽然失败被俘,然而他所摧败敌军的战绩,也足以光耀天下了。李陵所以不死,是想在适当的时机报效汉朝。”当初,皇上派贰师将军出征,李陵只是协助之兵,到李陵与单于遭遇,贰师战功很少。皇上便以司马迁诬蠛、诋毁贰师,为李陵游说为罪名,判处他腐刑。过了很久,皇上后悔没有及时救援李陵,说:“李陵出塞时,就应让强弩都尉去迎接。在朝廷下诏,才让老将路博德心生奸诈,使李陵军覆没。”于是派使者慰劳赏赐李陵军中逃回的士兵。奎堕在包抠一年多,皇上派因杆将军公孙敖率军深入匈奴迎接李陵。公孙敖军无功而回,说:“捕到的俘虏说:李陵教单于用兵以防备汉军,因此臣无所获。”皇上听到报告,于是将李陆家灭族,母、弟、妻、子皆被杀。陇西士大夫以奎压灭族为羞愧。后来,汉派使者出使匈奴,李陵责问使者说:“我为汉率领步兵五千人横扫鲤塑,因为没有救兵支援而失败,有什么对不起莲室的,要杀我全家?”使者说:“汉室听说李少卿教包塑用兵。”奎堕说: “是奎毖,不是我。”奎绪原来是还塞外都尉,屯圣±泌,鱼躯攻击,奎钟投降,单于礼遇奎绪,常在李陵上坐。李陵痛恨自己的家因李绪而灭族,派人刺杀李绪。大板氏想杀李陵,单于把他藏在北方,大辟氏死后才回来。单于认为奎堕壮勇,把女儿嫁给李陵为妻,立为右校王,卫律为丁灵王,都受到尊崇而重用。卫律的父亲原本是长水胡人。卫律生长在坠,与协律都尉奎延年友善,奎旦蝗推荐{鼬出使鲤塑。返回时,正遇奎延年被抄家,街建畏惧被杀,逃走投降匈奴。匈奴喜爱他,常在单于左右。奎瞳居外庭,有大事,才入内议事。昭帝立为帝,大将军霍光、左将军上官桀辅政,向来与李陵友好,派李陵的老朋友陇西人任逃生等三人一同到包塑招回奎堕。任立迪等到达包躯,单于摆酒赐濩使者,奎陆、餐律都在座。任立迪等见到奎堕,没有机会私语,便目视李陆,多次抚摸佩刀上的环,摸捉李陵的脚,暗谕可以归莲。后来,奎陆、聋硿都用牛肉和酒慰劳选使者,换杯而饮,两人都着胡服,扎一撮发髻。任立政大声说: “汉已经大赦,中原安乐,主上年少,霍子盂、上官少叔执政。”用这话来先打动李陵。李陵默不作声,总是看着并抚摸自己的头发,回答说:“我已经穿上胡服了!”不一会儿,卫律起身更衣,任立政说:“哎,少卿劳苦了!霍子孟、上官少叔向你问好。”李陵说:“霍与上官二位无恙吧?”任立政说:“请少卿回归故乡,不必担忧富贵。”李陵叫着任立政的字说:“少公,回去容易,恐怕再受凌辱,怎么办!”话没说完,卫律返回,听到了余音,便接着说:“李少卿是贤人,不只是居住在一国。范蠡遍游天下,由余离开西戎到了秦国,今天谈话为何如此亲密!”随后撤去宴席。任立政随即问李陵说:“你也有意回去吗?”李陵说:“大丈夫不能第二次受辱。”李陵在匈奴二十多年,汉元平元年病死。二、原文陵字少卿,少为侍中建章监。善骑射,爱人,谦让下士,甚得名誉。武帝以为有广之风,使将八百骑,深入匈奴二千余里,过居延视地形,不见虏,还。拜为骑都尉,将勇敢五千人,教射酒泉、张掖以备胡。数年,汉遣贰师将军伐大宛,使陵将五校兵随后。行至塞,会贰师还。上赐陵书,陵留吏士,与轻骑五百出敦煌,至盐水,迎贰师还,复留屯张掖。天汉二年,贰师将三万骑出酒泉,击右贤王于天山。召陵,欲使为贰师将辎重。陵召见武台,叩头自请曰:“臣所将屯边者,皆荆楚勇士奇材剑客也,力扼虎,射命中,愿得自当一队,到兰干山南以分单于兵,毋令专乡贰师军。”上曰:“将恶相属邪!吾发军多,毋骑予女。”陵对:“无所事骑,臣愿以少击众,步兵五千人涉单于庭。”上壮而许之,因诏强弩都尉路博德将兵半道迎陵军。博德故伏波将军,亦羞为陵后距,奏言:“方秋匈奴马肥,未可与战,臣愿留陵至春,俱将酒泉、张掖骑各五千人并击东西浚稽,可必禽也。”书奏,上怒,疑陵悔不欲出而教博德上书,乃诏博德:“吾欲予李陵骑,云‘欲以少击众"。今虏入西河,其引兵走西河,遮钩营之道。”诏陵:“以九月发,出庶虏鄣,至东浚稽山南龙勒水上,徘徊观虏,即亡所见,从浞野侯赵破奴故道抵受降城休士,因骑置以闻。所与博德言者云何?具以书对。”陵于是将其步卒五千人出居延,北行三十日,至浚稽山止营,举图所过山川地形,使麾下骑陈步乐还以闻。步乐召见,道陵将率得士死力,上甚说,拜步乐为郎。陵至浚稽山,与单于相直,骑可三万围陵军。军居两山间,以大车为营。陵引士出营外为陈,前行持戟盾,后行持弓弩,令曰:“闻鼓声而纵,闻金声而止。”虏见汉军少,直前就营。陵搏战攻之,千弩俱发,应弦而倒。虏还走上山,汉军追击,杀数千人。单于大惊,召左右地兵八万余骑攻陵。陵且战且引,南行数日,抵山谷中。连战,士卒中矢伤,三创者载辇,两创者将车,一创者持兵战。陵曰:“吾士气少衰而鼓不起者,何也?军中岂有女子乎?”始军出时,关东群盗妻子徙边者随军为卒妻妇,大匿车中。陵搜得,皆剑斩之。明日复战,斩首三千余级。引兵东南,循故龙城道行四五日,抵大泽葭苇中,虏从上风纵火,陵亦令军中纵火以自救。南行至山下,单于在南山上,使其子将骑击陵。陵军步斗树木间,复杀数千人,因发连弩射单于,单于下走。是日捕得虏,言:“单于曰:‘此汉精兵,击之不能下,日夜引吾南近塞,得毋有伏兵乎?"诸当户君长皆言:‘单于自将数万骑击汉数千人不能灭,后无以复使边臣,令汉益轻匈奴。"复力战山谷间,尚四五十里得平地,不能破,乃还。”是时,陵军益急,匈奴骑多,战一日数十合,复伤杀虏二千余人。虏不利,欲去,会陵军候管敢为校尉所辱,亡降匈奴,具言“陵军无后救,射矢且尽,独将军麾下及成安侯校各八百人为前行,以黄与白为帜,当使精骑射之即破矣。”成安侯者,颍川人,父韩千秋,故济南相,奋击南越战死,武帝封子延年为侯,以校尉随陵。单于得敢大喜,使骑并攻汉军,疾呼曰:“李陵、韩延年趣降!”遂遮道急攻陵。陵居谷中,虏在山上,四面射,矢如雨下。汉军南行,未至鞮汗山,一日五十万矢皆尽,即弃车去。士尚三千余人,徒斩车辐而持之,军吏持尺刀,抵山入峡谷。单于遮其后,乘隅下垒石,士卒多死,不得行。昏后,陵便衣独步出营,止左右:“毋随我,丈夫一取单于耳!”良久,陵还,大息曰:“兵败,死矣!”军吏或曰:“将军威震匈奴,天命不遂,后求道径还归,如浞野侯为虏所得,后亡还,天子客遇之,况于将军乎!”陵曰:“公止!吾不死,非壮士也。”于是尽斩旌旗,及珍宝埋地中,陵叹曰:“复得数十矢,足以脱矣。今无兵复战,天明坐受缚矣!各鸟兽散,犹有得脱归报天子者。”令军士人持二升糒,一半冰,期至遮虏鄣者相待。夜半时,击鼓起士,鼓不鸣。陵与韩延年俱上马,壮士从者十余人。虏骑数千追之,韩延年战死。陵曰:“无面目报陛下!”遂降。军人分散,脱至塞者四百余人。陵败处去塞百余里,边塞以闻。上欲陵死战,召陵母及妇,使相者视之,无死丧色。后闻陵降,上怒甚,责问陈步乐,步乐自杀。群臣皆罪陵,上以问太史令司马迁,迁盛言:“陵事亲孝,与士信,常奋不顾身以殉国家之急。其素所畜积也,有国士之风。今举事一不幸,全躯保妻子之臣随而媒糵其短,诚可痛也!且陵提步卒不满五千,深輮戎马之地,抑数万之师,虏救死扶伤不暇,悉举引弓之民共攻围之。转斗千里,矢尽道穷,士张空拳,冒白刃,北首争死敌,得人之死力,虽古名将不过也。身虽陷败,然其所摧败亦足暴于天下。彼之不死,宜欲得当以报汉也。”初,上遣贰师大军出,财令陵为助兵,及陵与单于相值,而贰师功少。上以迁诬罔,欲沮贰师,为陵游说,下迁腐刑。久之,上悔陵无救,曰:“陵当发出塞,乃诏强弩都尉令迎军。坐预诏之,得令老将生奸诈。”乃遣使劳赐陵余军得脱者。陵在匈奴岁余,上遣因杅将军公孙敖将兵深入匈奴迎陵。敖军无功还,曰:“捕得生口,言李陵教单于为兵以备汉军,故臣无所得。”上闻,于是族陵家,母弟妻子皆伏诛。陇西士大夫以李氏为愧。其后,汉遣使使匈奴,陵谓使者曰:“吾为汉将步卒五千人横行匈奴,以亡救而败,何负于汉而诛吾家?”使者曰:“汉闻李少卿教匈奴为兵。”陵曰:“乃李绪,非我也。”李绪本汉塞外都尉,居奚侯城,匈奴攻之,绪降,而单于客遇绪,常坐陵上。陵痛其家以李绪而诛,使人刺杀绪。大阏氏欲杀陵,单于匿之北方,大阏氏死乃还。单于壮陵,以女妻之,立为右校王,卫律为丁灵王,皆贵用事。卫律者,父本长水胡人。律生长汉,善协律都尉李延年,延年荐言律使匈奴。使还,会延年家收,律惧并诛,亡还降匈奴。匈奴爱之,常在单于左右。陵居外,有大事,乃入议。昭帝立,大将军霍光、左将军上官桀辅政,素与陵善,遣陵故人陇西任立政等三人俱至匈奴招陵。立政等至,单于置酒赐汉使者,李陵、卫律皆侍坐。立政等见陵,未得私语,即目视陵,而数数自循其刀环,握其足,阴谕之,言可还归汉也。后陵、律持牛酒劳汉使,博饮,两人皆胡服椎结。立政大言曰:“汉已大赦,中国安乐,主上富于春秋,霍子孟、上官少叔用事。”以此言微动之。陵墨不应,孰视而自循其发,答曰:“吾已胡服矣!”有顷,律起更衣,立政曰:“咄,少卿良苦!霍子孟、上官少叔谢女。”陵曰:“霍与上官无恙乎?”立政曰:“请少卿来归故乡,毋忧富贵。”陵字立政曰:“少公,归易耳,恐再辱,奈何!”语未卒,卫律还,颇闻余语,曰:“李少卿贤者,不独居一国。范蠡遍游天下,由余去戎人秦,今何语之亲也!”因罢去。立政随谓陵曰:“亦有意乎?”陵曰:“丈夫不能再辱。”陵在匈奴二十余年,元平元年病死。三、出处《汉书》扩展资料一、创作背景由于《史记》只写到汉武帝的太初年间,因此,当时有不少人为其编写续篇。据《史通·正义》记载,写过《史记》续篇的人就有刘向、刘歆、冯商、扬雄等十多人,书名仍称《史记》。班固的父亲班彪(公元3年~公元54年)对这些续篇感到很不满意,遂“采其旧事,旁贯异闻”为《史记》“作《后传》六十五篇”。班彪死后,年仅22岁的班固,动手整理父亲的遗稿,决心继承父业,完成这部接续巨作。二、作品赏析在叙事上,《汉书》的特点是注重史事的系统、完备,凡事力求有始有终,记述明白。这为我们了解、研究西汉历史,提供了很大的方便。至今,凡是研究西汉历史,无不以《汉书》作为基本史料。在体裁方面。《汉书》与《史记》同为纪传体史书。不同的是,《史记》起于传说“三皇五帝”,止于汉武帝时代,是一部通史;而《汉书》却是专一记述西汉一朝史事的断代史。这种纪传体的断代史体裁,是班固的创造。以后历代的“正史”都采用了这种体裁。这是班固对于我国史学的重大贡献。三、作者简介班固(公元32年~公元92年),东汉历史学家班彪之子,班超之兄,字孟坚,扶风安陵人(今陕西咸阳)。生于东汉光武帝建武八年,卒于东汉和帝永元四年,年六十一岁。班固自幼聪敏,“九岁能属文,诵诗赋”,成年后博览群书,“九流百家之言,无不穷究”。著有《白虎通德论》六卷,《汉书》一百二十卷,《集》十七卷。参考资料来源:百度百科-李陵传
2023-09-06 14:08:441

近亲属有没有竞业禁止义务

没有啦
2023-09-06 13:59:173

如何做好素质教育下的中学历史教学

  山西省昔阳中学 李志斌史学素有“垂鉴育人”的社会功能。历史教学的全部作用和意义,就在于能帮助学生开阔视野,使学生在学习历史知识的同时,了解和认识社会发展的规律,即学会用历史唯物主义的观点去观察社会,思考问题,从而树立正确的科学的人生观,为全面提高学生的素质打下坚实的基础。历史课是一门什么样的课?它既有情感功能,又有很强的教育功能。灿烂辉煌的文化,绚丽多彩的经济,璀璨群星的历史人物,可歌可泣的英雄业绩,睿智明达的先人哲理……这一切使历史课呈现出其独有的特性,人文精神中最可贵的真善美,使历史课凸显出其教育作用,是其他学科所无法替代的。但现在的历史课却变得枯燥乏味,是什么原因造成了这种现状的出现呢?我们应当如何来改变这一局面?一、历史教学在素质教育中的地位和作用历史学科的教学,作为人文学科教育,是以认识和叙述历史为特征的教育,是以培养学生正确的历史认识和社会认识为目的的教育。1.历史学科就其性质来讲是对过去发生事情的了解和认识历史基础知识不仅包括具体的历史史实,而且也包括了历史唯物主义的基本观点,同时还包括了丰富的思想政治教育内容。这些都具有借鉴的作用和教化的功能,从而具有社会意义和现实意义。2.历史教育有鲜明的价值观念对学生能力的培养,概括地说包括两类:一类是指学生运用历史唯物主义的观点解决、分析问题的能力;另一类是指那些普遍性的能力,如观察能力、阅读能力、记忆能力、思维能力等。3.学习历史是提高人生质量的一个重要方面我们在平时阅读书籍、观看影视作品、游览名胜古迹时,都会处于历史的体验之中,从这个意义上讲,“历史是一门教育学生如何做人的学问”。历史学习有利于今后的工作,在多样化的休闲活动中,阅读书籍、观看影视、出处旅游、社会交流与交往等活动,都可能会接触到有关历史的信息,处于历史的体验之中。所以,学好历史就与生活的范围、乐趣、感受等有直接的或间接的关联。从这样的意义上讲,我们真是生活在历史中,历史也是我们自己的生活。对历史的认识和感受,并不仅是职业历史学家或社会科学工作者所必需的,而且是生活在社会中的每一个受过教育的公民都应具有的。如果我们把历史教学的意义与所有学生的全面和谐发展联系起来,帮助学生树立更加全面的历史学习价值观,使学生通过历史学习,不但学会做人、学会关心,而且学会学习、学会观察、学会思考,进而学会发展、学会生活,那么历史教学就一定应是素质教育中不能缺少、不能轻视、不可替代的有机成分。党的十六大,明确提出全面建设小康社会的任务,全国人民都在期盼着中华民族的伟大复兴。要实现这一宏伟目标,不仅需要付出艰辛的劳动,而且需要全民族的智慧和见识。21世纪,人类将迎来知识经济时代,或者称为“新经济时代”。知识经济时代的竞争,是十分激烈的。如果说,在自然经济时代的竞争是靠人手,在产业经济时代的竞争是靠对自然资源的占有为主要标志,那么,在未来知识经济时代的竞争,人的大脑将占有显要地位。这就是讲,哪一个国家、民族或地区占有的高级人才多,“高级大脑”多,哪一个国家、民族或地区就将在21世纪居世界领先地位。未来的高级人才或“高级大脑”,应该具有下列三个基本条件:第一,具有全面发展的高素质,特别是很高的人文精神和人文学养,很强的科学精神和科学素养;第二,具有不断更新的知识架构;第三,具有强烈的创新愿望和很强的创新能力。这样,中学的历史教学,就绝不是可有可无或可学可不学的一门课,它清清楚楚地属于高级人才应当具备的第一项基本条件:很高的人文精神和人文学养。因此,历史学得好不好,绝非一门功课的成绩,它与国家、民族复兴大业有关,也与每一位青少年的个人前途、命运有关。在21世纪的人才激烈竞争中,历史学不好,国家要吃亏,个人也是要吃亏的!二、历史教学在素质教育中应遵循的几个方向1.结合教学,培养学生的优良品格爱因斯坦说:“优秀的品格和钢铁般的意志比智慧更重要。”在历史教学中,可充分利用历史教材中所蕴含的丰富的人格教育素材,不断对学生进行熏陶和激励,使他们以史为鉴,升华思想。如充分发挥优秀历史人物的人格魅力对学生进行教育,像“匈奴未灭,何以为家”的霍去病;“天下兴亡,匹夫有责”的顾炎武;“人生自古谁无死,留取丹心照汗青”的文天祥;以及“鞠躬尽瘁,死而后已”的诸葛亮等等。2.通过历史教学,培养学生开拓进取的精神开拓进取是一个国家、一个民族永不衰败、生生不息的巨大动力。我们伟大的中华民族曾经创造了举世瞩目的辉煌灿烂的历史文化。都江堰和大运河的修凿,造纸术和印刷术等四大发明,这些都是民族进取的体现。中华民族智慧之果,如繁星满天,璀璨夺目,数不胜数。它将给学生以智慧的启迪、感情的陶冶,促使他们形成“龙的传人”所持有的自强不息的气概。特别是近代民族进取精神更为炽烈,林则徐的“师夷”、康有为的“上书”、孙中山的“开创”、毛泽东的“探索”、邓小平的“开拓”,都是中国人民为改变本国落后面貌勇于开拓的典型事例。历史教学要恰当运用这些丰富的养料培养学生的进取精神。3.结合历史教学,强化学生的现代意识,培养他们的历史责任感当代社会是信息高速发展的实惠,随着中国加入WTO组织,培养具有现代意识及时代使命感的“现代人才”十分重要。鉴古而知今,在讲述清朝前期的历史时与唐朝做比较,中国在唐朝时经济繁荣,对外交往活跃,出现了“大唐盛世”。与此形成鲜明对比的是,清朝前期实行闭关政策导致统治者对外国的事物几乎一无所知,中国在世界竞争中逐渐落后。世界当代史表明,和平与发展虽然是世界的主流,但国际舞台上仍存在着许多不安定因素。中学生应从现在就培养忧患意识和历史责任感,准备为世界和平持续发展和社会进步做出自己应有的贡献。4.在历史教学中,最重要的是培养学生的创新能力在历史教学中,历史教师既要使学生认真学好前人留下的历史事实和历史经验,更重要的是让学生不受历史的约束,而敢于另辟蹊径,提出自己新的见解和观点,培养他们的创新意识和创新精神,激发学生的创造能力。那么,如何去实践呢?笔者结合个人教学实践,提出以下几点:(1)重视创设问题情境,即创造意境,制造悬念。问题的设计,一是可以激发学生学习的好奇心和求知欲;二是内容必须符合学生的认知水平。例如,在讲四大文明古国时,随即提出了:既然人类文明的发源地在亚非,那么为什么现在最发达的地区却在欧美?在分析中国的戊戌变法没有取得成功而日本的明治维新却获得成功时,可问:“假如19世纪60年代中国也同日本一样进行改革,会不会成功?假如你是19世纪60年代的清朝官员,你将会怎样做?”问题不仅使学生能思考多种答案,又能调动学生的好奇心。(2)积极设疑问难,鼓励独立思考。“疑”在心理学中称之为“怀疑感”,是对客观真理的探求,并加以评价的体验。只有对现有的资料的观点、结论敢于质疑,才能有创新。宋代的教育心理学家朱熹说:“读书无疑者,须教有疑。”历史教师依据教材内容,合理引进课外知识,扩大信息,对现有的观点提出质疑。(3)让学生多角度地考虑问题。历史教师在向学生提问后要注意启发。例如,根据中国近代史上的问题提出假设问题:“落后一定挨打吗?”教师可以启发:①落后一定挨打。因为政治经济发展的不平衡必然会发生弱肉强食的情况。②落后不一定挨打。如我国古代辽夏金元进占中原。让学生讨论、思考,得出自己的结论。(4)注意教学方法的灵活多样性。要认识到学生的探究式学习是一个对知识的建构过程,而不是填充过程。这也是学生主体性的关键,这一知识建构过程不是由教师向学生传递知识,而是学生根据外在信息,通过自己的背景知识,建构自己知识的过程。在这个学习过程中每个学习者都可以,以自己原有的经验系统为基础对新的知识信息进行编码,构建自己的理解,而原有的知识又因为新经验的进入而发生调整和改变。这是一个新旧经验和知识之间的双向的相互作用的过程。方法有以下几种:①.以探究问题为目的。以往的历史教学往往是固定式的,对于学生来说,并没有产生真正意义上的探究性问题,或者只有肤浅的问题,(如被动接受、死记硬背、机械重复)。历史教学的真正意义在于使学生发现问题,探讨问题,研究问题,解决问题。因此,所有的教学方法都应该是为了探究问题而设计的,都要给学生机会去了解事情的基本情况,使学生去深入探讨。②.以思维训练为核心。历史本身和历史学科都不局限于某一种固定的模式中。人们对历史问题的正确认识,需要发散思维,需要全面的、客观的、辨证的、变化的、发展的看待历史问题,尤其是对历史上因果关系的思考,是对人思维水平的提高。学生学习历史是一个思考的过程,是一次积累经验的机会。所以,任何教学方法都要以激话、调动、启发学生的思维为主,促进学生历史思维的活跃发展。比如说隋炀帝开大运河,分析其利弊。有些学生认为隋炀帝是暴君,残害人民,加重人民的负担。开大运河是一种错误的行为。也有人认为,隋炀帝开运河是一项长远的计划,带来的影响更是巨大的。学生发现问题,提出问题,教师应该起一种启发的作用,让学生从多角度的分析问题,辨证的看待问题,认识到隋炀帝开大运河的利,也要看到开大运河的弊。更要培养学生用发展的眼光看问题,联想到大运河的开通,对现代社会的影响。③.以史料运用为条件。人们认识历史的前提是获取历史信息的材料(主要是文字材料),获取史料的过程也是掌握历史学习方法的过程。在对历史信息进行处理时,如果学生被动地接受和储存,就会在一定程度上失去学习历史的本来意义,甚至会加重学生的负担,使学生对历史感到厌倦。教学方法的运用要使学习的过程与结果得以统一。我们提倡把学习历史看作是在研究和认识历史,这就要训练学生去掌握和理解历史的信息,注重史料的作用,通过对史料的汇集、整理、辨析、推论,把史料作为证据,用以解决历史的问题。历史教学方法的运用,是离不开对史料的运用的,尤其是学生对史料的运用。比如教师在上活动课的时候,就应该注意让学生自己查找资料,搜集资料,整理资料,并且让学生在课堂上说出自己的成果,让学生对历史知识进行探究,培养学生的运用史料的能力,分析史料的能力,语言表达能力等。比如说,北师大版初中历史书的活动课,就是为了更好的培养学生这些能力的,所以教师不应该忽视这些内容,而是更加的重视,并且让学生自主探究,做好引导工作。在素质教育观念的指引下,中学历史教学方法的改革是必要的。一是将一些有效的教学方法运用到历史课堂教学中,例如讨论、探究、启发的方法等。二是对传统的教学方法进行改造,例如对传统的讲述、讲解、讲读、问答、等方法,加以创新,突破旧有的模式,使之更适应学生的学习。 附带一提的是,对于中学历史教学方法的探索,在教学实际中要注意避免传统模式下运用方法时的弊端,例如,片面地强调某一种方法的效用,认为某一种方法是万能的;或是僵硬地照搬和套用某一种方法,而不去考虑学生、教材等实际情况;或是只注重方法运用时暂时的、表面的效果,而忽略学生的心理活动反应。在历史教学的方法上,特别强调要研究学生的学习历史方法,注重学生的学习与发展,使学生通过历史教学,成为能够认识历史的真正主人。全面推进素质教育,是需要我们付出很多心血的路程,需要我们做长期的、扎实有效的工作。我们应该把属于教育的时间用足用好,把属于学生的时间还给学生,向课堂要效率,优化教学过程,做到花最少的时间收到最大的效果。我们要将主要的精力放在如何启发智力,培养学生的创新能力和创新的精神上。特别是历史的教学要注意启发学生的爱国主义的教育,对学生进行德育教育。通过历史课,使学生形成正确的价值观,世界观和人生观。 5.提高教育教学能力。教育教学主体在“教与学”上,渊博的专业知识、高深的理论修养如何“教”以致让学生更好的学?那就须要教育教学的能力。素质教育强调“授之予鱼,不如授之予渔”,要想培养学生的“渔”能力,那教师首先要有较强的教育教学的能力。因此提高教育教学的能力是素质教育的必要,才能培养学生的能力,才能“授之予渔”,才能体现素质教育的初衷。如何利用课堂教学培养能力:①组织课堂讨论。教师预先设计一些问题,要有坡度,要有能力培养目标,通过讨论,活跃气氛,引起兴趣,鼓励学生通过辩论以达到都有所获,从而有一种获取知识后的满足感,以激发他们强烈的求知欲。②通过指导学生阅读课文,以培养学生独立获取知识、独立思考的能力。要求学生通过预习能编写提纲、完成作业,在老师的指导下有史有论的分析、综合、概括历史,以提高学生解决问题的能力。③利用历史地图、插图、图表以培养学生的观察力和想象力,如讲郑和下西洋,要求根据郑和图像和航海路线图表等,想象当时郑和出海的壮观景象以及沿途风光等,有助于发展学生的想象力、观察力。④走出课堂,开展课外阅读,组织学生参观文物古迹,从而扩大学生视野,加深对教材的理解,培养学生广泛而独立地吸取知识的能力。⑤高三复习是培养学生各种能力的大练兵场,要引导学生多种方法并用,系统复习,切不可为片面追求升学率忽视了学生应有素质的培养。三、历史教学在素质教育中应遵循的原则 1.帮助学生树立历史唯物主义的历史观科学的历史观、人生观是学生素质最基础最集中的体现。历史教学以其独特的内容构成了培养学生历史观和人生观的广阔空间,因此,在历史教学中要始终贯穿一条主线,即在向学生传授丰富多彩的历史知识的同时,阐明历史发展的必然规律,给学生以启迪。教会学生运用历史唯物主义的观点辩证地认识问题、思考问题、解决问题。2.强调学生在教学过程中的主体地位教学过程就其本质而言,是在学生获得知识技能的同时,实现其个性心理品质全面发展的过程。在这个过程中,学生始终是认识的主体,是进行教学过程的出发点、归宿和依据。因此,教师在设计课堂教学时,要充分依据教材的特点和学生的实际情况,贯彻启发性原则,让学生积极思考、互相交流、大胆发言、及时反馈,从而使学生的主体作用尽可能得到充分的发挥。学生是历史学习的主体,推进素质教育,深化历史课堂教学改革,需要我们认识主体、尊重主体、发展主体,让学生主动地参与教学活动。学生在自身的“体验”中学习历史,在体验中“学会学习历史”,就是能力的培养过程和人文素质的提高过程。认识主体,转变旧的教学观念,改变“以讲为主”的教学模式。在课堂教学中,教师要明确“教”是为了学生的“学”;学生要成为教学活动的全面参与者;教师要成为学生主动学习的指导者和组织者。认识主体还要突破以教材为中心的旧观念,全面了解学生,结合学生的实际情况,按照学生发展的需要,调整教材内容,删繁就简,以保证学生主体参与教学活动的时间和空间。尊重主体,在教学过程中创设师生之间、生生之间平等、和谐的民主学习氛围。发展主体,探索适合学生主体学习的教学模式。3.面向全体学生,注意个体差异应试教育的最大弊端是选拔教育、淘汰教育。教师关心的是少数尖子学生,而后进生往往受到忽视。素质教育则是面向全体的教育,是要使每一个学生都在原有基础上得到充分发展的教育。因此,教师要树立起面向全体的教学指导思想。4.打破“权威”的信仰,树立“信仰”的权威,宽容“异端”的声音。在教学过程中,对学生来说,教师、教材、学习辅导材料等是“权威”,这些“权威”的积极作用不可否认。但“权威”不等于“真理”,总要受到时代或个人认识的局限。因此,要坚持“信仰”,即坚持实事求是的原则,用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义观点分析历史事物。“当仁,不让于师”,对一些问题大胆提出质疑,通过师生之间交流探讨获得“真理”。随着历史学科研究的不断突破和创新,使历史教材的滞后性更加明显,特别是一些陈旧的历史观点和结论,已经明显的过时了,甚至被证明是错误的。学生在学习中要坚持实事求是的原则,用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义观点来分析历史事物、判断历史结论,大胆地对教材的某些观点结论提出质疑,提出自己的不同见解和主张,并引用史实加以论证或驳斥,不能盲从“权威”。因此,对于学生的“异端”声音,言之有理的,历史教师就要多鼓励和表扬,千万不可按“常理”一棍子将其打死。对于“异端”的声音要以宽容来对待。一般每份教学资料都会为它上面的题目提供相关的参考答案,这无可厚非;问题在于我们教师常常陷入思维定势,人为地将参考答案当成标准答案来向学生讲授,只要学生意见与之相左,一概加以否定,长此以往,教师这种惰性与奴化的思想必然在不知不觉中带出一批不会用脑,只会盲从的学生!这种学生怎能适应时代的需要?怎能担起建设祖国的重担?怎能参与国际社会越来越激烈的竞争而立于不败之地?为了我们肩负的历史使命,不妨多听听“异端”的声音。5.充分运用现代化教学手段历史知识具有直观性很强的特点,如何生动、形象地将知识展现给学生,是历史教学面临的一项重要任务。电教的使用、投影片的播放不容忽视,历史教师必须树立起教学观念,充分运用现代化教学手段,以适应素质教育的需要。6.历史评价的多样化教育教学评价有很强的导向功能,形成素质教育机制带有关键性的一项任务是解决教育教学评价问题。中学历史学科要推进素质教育,必须改进教学评价特别是课堂教学评价。在传统的历史评价中,评论学生学习好坏的标准是考试的成绩,这固然有它有利的一面,但是它不利的一面也是相当明显的。特别是成绩不好的同学一直不能受到老师的肯定或表扬,时间一久,他们就会失去对历史的兴趣,从而历史教学任务和目标很难完成。提倡用多种方式评价学生的学业成绩。学生平时学习成绩和课上参与情况应在学期历史学习总评成绩中占一定比例。历史课的学业成绩考核除了书面考试还要有实践活动,要鼓励学生进行历史演讲、历史小制作、历史参观考察等实践活动,鼓励学生自己搜集资料,撰写历史小论文,对学生学习活动的成果应计成绩。历史书面考试也要从重知识考查向重素质考查、重能力考查转变,逐渐扭转死记硬背应付考试的局面。历史评价的多样化,就地要示老师创造各种机会,给一同层次的学生以肯定,使学生能形成积极的自我评价,以积极的态度去学习历史。7.历史知识的个性化历史知识个性化的特点在于充分调动学生的主动性,通过讨论会、演讲会、写历史论文等方式让学生自己去感受历史,独立地做出对历史人物和历史事件的评价,它强调学生的活动。为开拓学生视野,培养探索、研究问题的能力,由教师给学生介绍一些报刊上有争论的,又有教育意义的材料或直接就书上的人物、现象,发表自己的意见,并展开讨论。专题讨论可开阔学生的眼界、形成历史思维,从而培养分析归纳能力和从现象在场看本质的能力。在学生讲故事的基础上,选择内容较好、思想性强的材料,由表达技能较高的同学,举行历史故事演讲会,并进行评比。这对普及历史知识,培养学生能力和进行思想教育都将起一定的作用。8.历史知识的文学化,即语文教学法。俗话说文史不分家。历史课和语文课的共性实在太多了。在历史课中引入语文教学方法,是完全可行的。自古文史相通,历史与文学的关系是内容与形式的关系,任何文学作品都产生于一定的历史背景并反映某一个方面的社会现实。同样,任何历史内容都是依靠文学形式 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2023-09-06 13:59:171

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大学生应当如何树立良好的社会公德形象?

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2023-09-06 13:59:133

团组织关系介绍信

团组织关系介绍信范文汇总六篇   在学习、工作生活中,我们使用上介绍信的情况与日俱增,介绍信是用来介绍本单位人员到有关单位去接洽事情、办理公务的`一种专用书信。那要怎么写好介绍信呢?以下是我收集整理的团组织关系介绍信6篇,仅供参考,希望能够帮助到大家。 团组织关系介绍信 篇1 西安育才青字第___号   共青团委员会:   兹有我校_____同学,因毕业就业前去你处,现将组织关系接转你处,(团费缴至__年___月),望贵处给予接洽。   共青团西安市育才中学委员会   ___年___月___日 团组织关系介绍信 篇2 _______:   同学(男/女),____岁,_____族,系中国共青团团员,由________初中去______请转接组织关系。该同志团费已交到____年____月。   共青团______初中委员会   20xx年xx月xx日 团组织关系介绍信 篇3   团委:   现介绍___________同学系中国共青团员,由驾车中学团委转到你处,请接转组织关系。   中国共产主义青年团   XX中学支部委员会   _______年_________月___________日   (有效期90天) 团组织关系介绍信 篇4 xxxxx:   同学(男/女),xxx岁,xxxx族,系中国共青团团员,由xxxxxx初中去xxxx请转接组织关系。该同志团费已交到xxx年xxx月。   共青团xxxx初中委员会   20xx年xx月xx日 团组织关系介绍信 篇5 团组织:   兹有我校毕业生(_______,身份证号___________),共青团员,因毕业转出团组织关系,其团费已缴纳至20___年____月。   特此证明。   ________初中团委   20___年___月____日 团组织关系介绍信 篇6   团组织:   兹有我校毕业生xxx,身份证号________________,共青团员,因毕业转出团组织关系,其团费已缴纳至20xx年 月。   特此证明。   共青团乌海一中委员会   20xx年xx月xx日 ;
2023-09-06 13:59:131