定语

都不给分喃？主谓宾定状补（表）是六种句子成分。句子的成分 一个句子一般由两个部分组成，即主语部分(subject group)和谓语部分（predicate group)如： Professor Ward teaches English to university students 沃德教授给大学生教英语句中的 Professor Ward 即是主语部分 teaches English to university students 即是谓语部分由此可见，句子成分（members of the sentence )是句子中起一定功能的组成部分。句子成分共六种：1.主语（subject)是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象。常用名词或相当于名词的词担任，一般位于句首。2.谓语或谓语动词（predicate or predicate verb)是说明主语的动作或状态的，常用动词担任，位于主语之后。“谓语或谓语动词”专指动词部分（包括动词短语）它与谓语部分不同，二者不可混淆。3.宾语（object)是表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系的对象的。常用名词或相当于名词的词担任，位于及物动词或介词之后。4.补语（complement)和表语(predicative),补语是用来补充主语和宾语的意义的，一般都着重说明主语或宾语的特征，常由名词或形容词担任。表语就是位于连系动词之后的主语补语。5.定语（attribute)是限定或修饰名词或相当于名词的词。常由形容词或是相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词常置于名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句常置于名词之后。6.状语(adverbial)是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的。常由副词或相当于副词的短语或从句担任。修饰动词时，可位于动词之前，亦可位于其后：修饰形容词或副词时，置于它们之前。此外，还有一种叫做句子独立成分(independent element of the sentence)的句子成分.它与全句没有语法关系，如感叹词，称呼语和插入语等。 虚词在句子中一般不担任句子成分，其位置常常比较固定。冠词置于名词之前。介词一般名词或代词之前。感叹词用于句首。 试着分析下面句子的成分： You can call him " little devil" , or you can call him "comrade"- but you can not just call "wei"1.全句是一并列句（85期的句子三种结构，忘了吧） 第一部分：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 第二部分：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 第三部分：主语+谓语+宾语 为否定结构2.you 代词作主语3.can call 动词短语作谓语4.him 代词作宾语5.little devil 名词短语作补语6. or 连词7. can not call 否定动词短语作谓语8.just 副词作状语

一、 主语 谓语 （一）主语的构成材料 主语：是被陈述的对象，在句首能回答“谁”或者“什么”等问题。 名词性主语由名词、数词、名词性的代词和名词性短语充当。 谓词性主语由动词、形容词、谓词性的代词、动词性短语、形容词性短语充当。 （二）谓语的构成材料 谓语：对主语起叙述、描写或判断的作用，能回答“怎么样”或“是什么”等问题。 谓语通常由动词性词语充当，还可以由名词性词语、形容词性词语、主谓短语充当。 （三）主语和谓语的意义类型 主语的语义类型有： 施事主语：所指事物施行谓语所表示的行为。如：大妈切牛肉。 受事主语：所指事物承受谓语所表示的行为。如：菜买来了。 用事主语：所指事物具有提供使用的内涵。如：这些土豆烧牛肉。 于事主语：所指事物表示行为发生的位置。如：墙上挂着一幅画。 断事主语：所指事物是谓语所断定的对象。如：这幅画是我的。 描事主语：所指事物是谓语所描写的对象。如：这个孩子很机灵。 二、动语 宾语 （一）动语的构成材料 动语和宾语成对，它决定宾语的性质。动语由动词性词语构成，包括：动词、动词＋时态助词、中补短语、动词性联合短语 （二）宾语的构成材料 宾语的构成材料有：名词性词语、数量短语、“的”字短语、名词性联合短语、动词、形容词、动宾短语、形容词性联合短语、主谓短语、复句形式。 （三）宾语的意义类型 1、 受事宾语：宾语表示直接或间接承受行为活动的客体事物。包括： 对象宾语（挖土 挖野草） 目标宾语（挖地道 挖红薯） 2、施事宾语：宾语表示可以施行动语行为的客体事物。如： 台上坐着主席团。 3、断事宾语：宾语表示对主语有所断定的客体事物。如： 我姓李。 4、于事宾语：宾语表示行为发生的位置。如： 到达北京。 进入二十一世纪。 5、反身宾语：宾语表示人物动作返回自身的某个部位。如： 耸了耸肩膀。 紧闭着眼睛。 三、定语 （一） 定语的构成：实词和短语大都可以做定语。 （二） 定语的意义类别 1、 限制性定语：数量、处所、领属。 2、 描写性定语：性质、状态、特点、用途、质料、职业。 （三）定语标志“的”的作用 定语和中心语的构成有的要用“的”，有的不用“的”，有的用与不用语法关系或语义不同。下面从语法结构、语义联系和语用色彩三个角度考察“的”的作用： 举 例 语法结构 语义关系 语用色彩 一 1 骑自行车人 不成立 无义与有义对立 无用与有用对立 骑自行车的人 偏正短语 2 这桌子 偏正短语 有义与无义对立 有用与无用对立 这的桌子 不成立 3 修理汽车 动宾短语 支配与修饰的语义对立 语用对立 修理的汽车 偏正短语 二 4 牛脾气 偏正短语 描写性与领属性语义对立 语用对立 牛的脾气 偏正短语 5 三斤鲤鱼 偏正短语 限制性与描写性语义对立 语用对立 三斤的鲤鱼 偏正短语 三 6 中国历史 偏正短语 语义不对立 语用对立 中国的历史 偏正短语 （四）多层定语 1、 分析原则：以左统右，即左边的词语修饰右边所有的词语。 2、 定语次序：领属、时处、指示代词或量词、动词性词语和主谓短语、形容词性短语、表示性质范围类别的动词或名词。 四、状语 （一）状语的构成：副词、时间名词、能愿动词、形容词、介词短语、量词短语等。 （二）状语的意义类别 限制性状语表示时间、处所、程度、否定、方式、手段、目的、范围、对象、数量、语气等 描写性状语描写动作状态，指向谓词性成分或名词性成分。 （三） 多层状语 原则：以左统右，即左边的状语修饰右边的中心语。 次序：条件、时间、处所、语气、范围、否定、程度、情态。 五、补语 （一） 补语的构成：由谓词性词语、数量短语、介词短语充当。 （二） 补语的意义类别： 1、 结果补语：表示动作行为产生的结果，与中心语有因果关系。 2、 程度补语：表示达到极点或很高程度，限于用“极、很、透、慌、死、坏”。 3、 状态补语：表示由于动作、性状而呈现出来的状态。中心语和补语之间都有“得”。 4、 趋向补语：表示动作的方向或事物随动作而活动的方向。用趋向动词充当。 5、 数量补语：表示动作的次数，由动量短语充当。 6、 时间处所补语：表示动作发生的时点、处所、动作终止地点。用介词短语充当。 7、 可能补语：表示动作结果能实现不能实现。 （三） 补语和宾语的顺序 1、 补语在宾语前 如：我们走进了张老师的办公室。（趋向补语＋处所宾语） 2、 补语在宾语后 如：他去过北京两次。（处所宾语＋动量补语） 3、 宾语在两个趋向补语中间 如：他拿出一本书来。 （四） 补语和宾语辨别 1、 作宾语的一般是名词或名词性短语，作补语的一般是动词、形容词、动词性短语、形容词性短语、介词短语、主谓短语。 2、 物量短语只充当宾语，动量短语只充当补语。 3、 表示时间的数量短语可以作宾语，也可以作补语。数量短语能转换成主语的是宾语，不能转换的补语。 4、 助词“得”是补语的标记。 六 中心语 中心语：是偏正（定中、状中）短语、中补短语里的中心成分。包括： 定语中心语、状语中心语、补语中心语。 七 独立语 独立语：是句子里的某个实词或短语，跟它前后别的词语没有结构关系，不互为句子成分，但又是句意上所必需的成分。包括：插入语、称呼语、感叹语、拟声语。

主语—— subject 谓语—— predicate 宾语—— object 定语—— attribute 状语—— adverbial

要达到有趣味教学的 就先按英语句子翻译 要硬翻 就是把构成句子的单词挨个翻译出来 用中文念 这样会引起语句的不通顺 学生会觉得很好笑 加深兴趣 有兴趣了再开始引导 教学生 就应该抛砖引玉 用自己的错误来让引起学生的兴趣 激发学生的主动性与积极性 毕竟教学的主体应该是让学生自主学习来作为兴趣

He is a little nervous before so many people,which is understandable.which引导的是非限定性定语从句。

Xian, which is the capital of Shanxi Province, China, has gone through many dynasties.

SHRINGAGE就像a map of China的中心词是map

spent英 [spent] 美 [spu025bnt] adj.用过的;不再有用的;已废的;失效的v.花费;用钱，花钱( spend的过去式和过去分词 );消耗;花（时间有一句英语谚语是这样的:Four things come not back: the spoken word, the spent arrow, the past,the neglected opportunity.有四件东西是不可回收的:脱口的话, 离弦之矢,自身的过去及错失的良机因此, the spent arrow, 跟the spent money 中的spent 是一样的,是用来形容arrow的状态,指已花费或经已使用

取决于stage在句子中的意思。若为“舞台”，则用where引导；若为“阶段”，则用when引导。

在定语从句中做地点状语就用where,作时间状语就用when,作主语或宾语就用which/that. We got to a stage which /that was very high. (作主语) We got to a stage where we can show our talent. （作地点状语） We got to a stage when coworking is necessary. （作时间状语）

wherecase, condition, situation, position, point, stage等名词后接where引出的定语从句小议不久前，下面这道题引发了我们对stage作先行词之后的定语从句引导词的问题以及其它类似定于从句的探讨，先看一道题:the conflict had developed into a stage ______ the two countries were gathering big troops on the border.（2009学年第二学期浙东北（zdb）三校期中联考高二英语试卷（2010.05）） a. where b. when c. which d. that本题到底是选a还是选b？关键问题在于对先行词stage的理解，根据《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》（第七版）简作（oald）的解析：stage: a period of state that sb./sth. passes through while developing or making progress. 既可以理解为事件“(进展或进展的)阶段， 状态”; 又可以理解为“时期”。而上题中作“阶段”或“时期”都理解的通。 再看stage的用法;*stage名词 n. [c]1.舞台some girls are dancing on the stage. 一些女孩在舞台上跳舞。2.注意中心,活动舞台,场所3.(进展的)阶段;时期a caterpillar must pass through the cocoon stage to become a butterfly.表示这些意思时，当stage作先行词后有定语从句时，。例句：1.表地点: the stage where the girls are going to dance is in the gym.2.表时期: the stage when he is preparing for his study is really important.不同的叙述：①当先行词为case，condition，situation，position，point，stage等名词，表示情况、方面、处境时用关系副词where.②当先行词是case, condition, situation, position, point, stage 等名词时，表示情况、方面、处境时，用关系副词where.但先行词是occasion时，用关系副词when.③当 situation, condition, stage, point，scenes 做先行词时，用 where 引导定语从句④先行词通常是 time, day, season, age, occasion 等时间名词时其后的定语从句用when引导.事实上, 当先行词 occasion, point, stage等名词是表示时间节点的时候，其后的定语从句就用when引导，在从句中作时间状语. 例如：1. i can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel because of ill health.（oald）我记得他因健康不佳而被迫取消的情况绝无仅有。when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语.2.（2008·山东·26） occasions are quite rare ___________i have the time to spend a day with my kids.a. who b. which c. why d. when答案选d。考查定语从句。此题关键是要根据句意判定是定语从句。句意为：我有时间和孩子们一起度过一天的机会很少。occasions 是先行词, 所选关系词在定语从句中要作时间状语, 故选d项3. we had reached the point when there was no money. 我们那时已到了没有一分钱的时刻。point表示“某一阶段,关头”， 所以其后用when 引导定语从句。4. there comes a point in your life when you realize: who matters, who never did, who won"t anymore5. china is now at a stage of accelerated industrialization and urbanization when the contradiction between economic growth and environmental protection is particularly prominent.中国目前正处于工业化和城市化加速发展的阶段,此时经济增长和环境保护之间的矛盾十分突出。source: hard times call for green economy/by hu shaowei (china daily 03/24/2010 page8)但更多情况是：position，situation, stage, case等，作先行词时，其后的定语从句应用where引导定语从句。如：1.oxford dictionary onlinemore examples introducing a clause with "when " can be found but it is hard to find an example with "where" after "occasion".2.it is the same with longman dictionary"under these conditions, where we see so much uncertainty with leadership succession, possible instability, we see no arms control, we see no confidence building measures, we see no disarmament, we see north korea refusing to return to the six-party talks, we see the sinking of the cheonan and potential clashes in the west sea around thenorthern limit line. so a lot of people are just saying this is just not the right time," pinkston said. voa news.it is the same with " situation"."it moves from a situation where only those items on the permitted list can come into gaza to a situation where things come into gaza as a matter of course unless they are on the prohibited list. it allows us to facilitate the united nations projects for reconstruction in things like schools and hospital and water sanitation and so on." bbc news新闻 201006213.we were put in a position in which(=where) we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.(人教版新课标高中英语必修1 line25.p34) 我们被置于这样一种境地，或者是被迫承认我们低人一等，或者是与政府作斗争。 这是一个主从复合句，in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词position。4. can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed?你能设想起你曾经有过感到很窘迫的场合吗?5.he is the boss of the restaurant where （= in which） we often have lunch.6. the last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.(人教版新课标高中英语必修1 line19-20 p34)注意： 近年来高考对关系副词where的考查趋于复杂化，从先行词为明显的“地点”发展为“模糊的地点化”。事实上，当先行词表示某事物发展的某个situation“情景”、stage“阶段”或某种程度时都可以用where引导定语从句。所以文章开头那道题答案为a. 更多的列子如：1.（2009·福建·24） it"s helpful to put children in a situation ________they can see themselves differently.a. that b. when c. which d. where2.（2009·浙江14）i have reached a point in my life _______i am supposed to make decisions of my own.a. which b. where c. how d. why3. an iraqi reporter during a news conference ________threw his shoes at bush and called him a dog in arabic shocked the world.a. who b. where c. whom d. which1.【解析】选d。考查定语从句。句意为：把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中对他们有益。当先行词是case, condition, situation, position, point, stage等名词表示“情况, 方面, 处境”时, 关系副词用where。2. 【解析】选b。考查定语从句。句意为：我已经到了应该自己作决定的那个人生阶段。先行词point和定语从句被介词短语in my life隔开。当先行词是case, condition, situation, position, point, stage等名词表示“情况、方面、处境”时, 定语从句用关系副词where引导。how不能用来引导定语从句; which在定语从句中作主语或宾语; why引导定语从句时先行词应为reason; 因此可排除选项a、c和d。3. 【解析】选d。考查定语从句。此题关键是要根据句意判定是定语从句。句意为：我有时间和孩子们一起度过一天的机会很少。occasions 是先行词, 所选关系词在定语从句中要作时间状语, 故选d项。类似的还有如：4.those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ____sight matters more than hearing.a. when b. whose c. which d. where

stage名词 n. [C]1.舞台Some girls are dancing on the stage. 一些女孩在舞台上跳舞。 2.注意中心,活动舞台,场所3.(进展的)阶段;时期A caterpillar must pass through the cocoon stage to become a butterfly. 表示这些意思时，可做先行词。例句：1.表地点 The stage where the girls are going to dance is in the gym. 2.表时期 The stage when he is preparing for his study is relly important.希望那个你能明白！

你要比较看看这动作是在一段时间内完成的 还是在某一个具体的时间完成的~

Human beings have a natural instinct for survival. human beings是复数，表示泛指。用单数也可以的。A human being has a natural instinct for survival. for survival是定语，修饰instinct人类有求生的本能。

言外之意，利用各种成分特点来变化句式。使之看上去非常的漂亮。1. 后置定语代替定语从句的一种简约表达方式。例如：A prevalent attitude amongst many nurses in the group selected for study…其中，attitude 是整句话中的中心词。这一个结构很显然是“中心词+后置定语结构”，也同时可以被理解成是：中心词+后置定语从句结构。所以也可以变成：A prevalent attitude which are amongst many nurses who are in the group that was selected for study……一个规律可以总结：所有的短语后置定语都是定语从句的简化，所有的短语后置定语都可以还原为定语从句。例如：His approach to the problem that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical.His approach which was to the problems that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical.2. 中心词后接非谓语动词作定语 a. 不定式作后置定语原句：What the child cannot forgive is the parent"s refusal which is to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true.改后： What the child cannot forgive is the parent"s refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true.b. 现在分词作定语原句：The days which connected these seasons are monotonous….改后：The days connecting these seasons are monotonous…. c. 过去分词做后置定语原句：TV and radio stations attempt to reflect the flavor of their station by providing news broadcasts which are tailor-made to suit their listeners" preference.改后：TV and radio stations attempt to reflect the flavor of their station by providing news broadcasts tailor-made to suit their listeners" preference. 3. as 引导的英语从句As 可以替换which/that/who/whom的所有用法。例子1：as=whom=宾语原：Such people whom were recommended by him were reliable.改：Such people whom as recommended by him were reliable.例子2：as=which=非限定定语从句原：John was admitted to the university, which might be expected.改：john was admitted to the university, as might be expected.例子3：当as引导的是被动语态，as后面的be可以省略，如下变化：

是的， 前面句子完整，排除主谓宾，在这里做补语。

在定语从句中case，point，situation，stage，point等做先行词，关系副词可以用where，但并不是特定词，而是要结合具体语境。例如：—What do you think of teaching, Bob?—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job where you are doing something serious but interesting.We will discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose the control over his car.千万注意：situation, condition, state, activity, job, occasion等做先行词后面的定语从句未必一定就是where，关键还是分析从句中缺什么成分，若缺主表宾，即先行词可以在后面从句中做主表宾，此时需要选用关系代词而不是where，而是which, that ,作宾语还可以省略。例如：This is the job that he offered to me.I wasn"t clear about the situation that he was in at that moment.特别提供几个有关stage的例句，请注意它在定语从句中的成分。The government is at a stage where it is willing to talk.政府正处于乐于进行会谈的阶段。This university has reached the stage where they have more graduate students than undergraduates.这所大学已经发展到了研究生多于本科生的阶段。Today the industry is at the stage where the silicon chip business was half a century ago.产业界发展到今天这个阶段，矽晶片工业已经是半个世纪前的产物。Pace out the hall and see if it is as big as the stage that we shall use for the performance.用步子量一下大厅，看是不是和我们用来演出的舞台一样大。The dancers moved with an elegance and grace on the stage that fascinated all the audience.舞蹈演员们在所有观众为之痴迷的舞台上跳着高雅优美的舞姿。The salt-related structures experienced four stages which are generation, adjustment, maturation and reactivation.盐相关构造经历了发育-调整-成熟-再活动4个主要阶段。

不是

whichever 引导宾语从句做定语，它不是代词，只能算是一个引导词。

主语—— subject 谓语—— predicate 宾语—— object 定语—— attribute 状语—— adverbial

说来话长!才10分的说!~

英语句子分析：5. My grandfather主语； bought 谓语；me宾语； a pair of sports shoes.宾语补语。6. He主语； broke谓语 a piece of glass.宾语。7. He 主语：made 谓语；it 形式宾语；clear宾语补语； that he would leave the city. 真实宾语从句。

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。　　　As we know, smoking is harmful to one"s health.　　　The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.　　　典型例题　　1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.　　A. it　B. that　C. which　D. he　　　答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。　　2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.　　A. what　B. which　C. that　D. it　　　答案B。　　which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。　　3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..　　A. that　B. which　C. as　D. it　　　答案B. 　　as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：　　　(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。　　　(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。　　　在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。　　As 的用法例　　1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。　　　I have got into the same trouble as he (has).　　例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有"正如"。　　　As we know, smoking is harmful to one"s health.　　　As is known, smoking is harmful to one"s health.　　　As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；　　例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。 　　一、“as / which” 特殊定语从句的先行成分　　1. 形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分，如：　　My grandmother"s house was always of great importance to me, as my own is.　　在一定的语言环境里，有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是，在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后，引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom.　　2. 动词短语先行成分　　这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语，它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as / which一起代替。do可以出现，也可以不出现，但不能用其它动词代替。　　3. 句子作先行成分　　这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子，有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。　　二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置　　由于先行成分的构成成分不同，“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况：　　1. 形容词做先行成分时：形容词或形容词短语（含具有形容词性质的名词）作先行成分，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。　　2. 动词短语作先行成分时：动词短语作先行成分时，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是，当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时，“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。　　3. 句子作先行成分时：“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活，可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语，“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句，“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点，所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里，“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。　　三、“as/which”特殊定语从句的语义功能　　一般说来，as与which的语义功能相同，可以相互替换。但先行成分为句子时，它们的语义功能则有差异。　　1. 表示结果　　表示结果的特殊定语从句与其先行成分之间存在着一定的因果关系，从句中往往使用有结果意义的词，如动词result, make, enable, cause和形容词interesting, surprising, delightful, disgraceful等。　　2. 表示评注　　表示评注的特殊定语从句对其先行成分所述事实的正确性有肯定的倾向，它通常与那些表示客观事实，普遍真理或某种习性的先行成分连用；从句中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语，如natural, known to all, usual等。　　3. 有无状语意义 　　“as”特殊定语从句具有状语意义（主要是方式状语意义），而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义。“as”特殊定语从句的状语意义要求它在语义上与其先行成分的语义保持一致，“which”特殊定语从句则不受这种限制。　　四、关系代词as与which的句法功能　　1. as / which 在特殊定语从句中作主语。　　as作主语时，谓语动词常为连系动词（主要是be, seem），主语补语为usual、 a rule、 a matter of fact等时，系动词be习惯经常省略。行为动词作“as”特殊定语从句的谓语时一般用于被动语态（其中助动词be常略），不及物的行为动词在“as”特殊定语从句中作谓语的极少，常见的有happen一词。如：　　Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.　　Which作主语时，谓语动词不限，主语被动皆可，只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词be省略。　　2. as和which都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语。　　3. as和 which在特殊定语从句中作补语。如：　　We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.　　“as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装，“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装。　　如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语，关系代词用which而不用as。如：　　He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was.　　4. which在特殊从定语句中作定语。　　which可以在特殊定语从句中作定语，修饰fact, matter, thing 等名词。这些名词代表先行成分表达的意义，有时将其略去句义仍然完整。as不能作定语。如：　　I was told to go not by train but bus, which advice I followed.

that的用法:若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语 The animal that which is lost is a panda. 先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语 She is the person that who...

　　定语从句先行词是those 篇1 　　定语从句先行词是those 　　That(指物)和those(指人或物)可做定语从句的先行词,this和these不可做先行词,those做定语从句先行词时,当其指物关系词用that/which等,当其指人时,关系词用who等,具体示例如下： 　　He admired those who looked beautiful.他很喜欢那些看上去很美的人.(指人) 　　He admired those which looked beautiful.他很喜欢那些看上去很美的东西.(指物) 　　(错)He admired that who danced well.(that不能指人) 　　(对)He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人.(those可指人) 　　如何选择定语从句的引导词 　　一看指人还是物，二看介词在何处; 　　三看句中作何用，四看是否属特殊。 　　现将四句口诀分述如下： 　　“一看指人还是物”：指人时用who，whom;whose和that既可指人又可指物;which只能指物。that和which在句中作主语或宾语;在非正式文体中，作宾语的whom，which或that可省略。 　　【高考链接】 　　The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____ are built close to each other. 　　A. they B. where C. what D. that 　　答案：D。 　　解析：分析句子结构可知，空格处及后面部分为定语从句，先行词small houses为物，故用that引导定语从句，that在定语从句中作主语。 　　“二看介词在何处”：介词置于从句之首还是置于从句的其他地方，引导词的使用有区别。当介词置于从句之首时，若指人，介词之后只能用whom而不能用who和that;若指物，则只能用which而不能用that。 　　【经典例析】 　　试比较以下两句： 　　1. Do you know the woman with whom I shook hands at the school gate? 　　2. Do you know the woman whom I shook hands with at the school gate? 　　第一句中介词with置于定语从句之首，其后的whom不可以替换成who或that，也不能省略;第二句中的引导词whom作介词with的宾语，可替换为who或that，也可省略。 　　“三看句中作何用”：如何选用定语从句中的`引导词，关键是要看引导词在从句中充当什么成分。若作主语，则在who，that或which之中选择;若作定语，则用whose;若作状语，则在when，where，why之中挑选。 　　【高考链接】 　　The prize will go to the writer _____ story shows the most imagination. 　　A. that B. which 　　C. whose D. what 　　答案：C。 　　解析：whose引导定语从句，且在从句中作定语，修饰story;whose story相当于the story of whom。 　　“四看是否属特殊”：定语从句中引导词的使用还要注意一些特殊情况，如who与that均可指人，which和that均可指物，但这些引导词在具体的语言环境中有区别，不能换用。 　　【经典例析】 　　1. This is the first time that I"ve been to the museum, which I have been looking forward to for many years. 　　当先行词被序数词修饰时，引导词只能用that而不用which。 　　2. Those who are studying in our school can borrow five books at a time. 　　为避免重复，先行词为指人的that或those时，引导词用who而不用that。 　　3. Such magazines as you bought last time are well worth reading. 　　such ... as，the same ... as属于固定搭配。 　　最后，我们再用一则歌谣帮助大家巩固关系词在定语从句中的一般用法。 　　关系词，引定从，它们的用法各不同。 　　that可作主、宾用，指人指物它都行; 　　which 通常指物用，主语、宾语它也能; 　　who和whom指人用，分作主、宾要弄清; 　　whose一词它真行，修饰人、物都管用; 　　时间状语应用when，地点状语where行， 　　要问原因为什么，关系副词why最清; 　　as一词属特殊，常与such，the same连用， 　　修饰全句或部分，常常用作主或宾。 　　定语从句先行词是those 篇2 　　一、those who型 　　当代词 those 后接定语从句时，定语从句通常用关系代词who来引导。如： 　　Those who earn most pay most tax. 挣钱最多的人交税也最多。 　　Thanks are due to all those who helped. 向所有帮过忙的人表示感谢。 　　Thanks are due to all those who took part. 向所有参加的人表示感谢。 　　We kept seats for those who might arrive late. 我们给可能来晚的人留了座位。 　　Apologies to those of you who wrote in to complain. 向那些写信来投拆的人致歉。 　　Life goes on for those of us who remain here below. 对于我们凡人来说，生活依旧。 　　This statue commemorates those who died in the war. 这座雕像是纪念战争死难者的。 　　Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in. 只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。 　　Early settlers paved the way for those who arrived later. 早期的移民为后来者奠定了基础。 　　Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first. 票数有限，先申请者先得。 　　There are plenty of restaurants for those who tire of shopping. 厌烦购物的人有很多餐馆可去。 　　Those who wish to come here will do so at their own risk. 愿意来的人都可以来，但责任自负。 　　He was one of those people who take delight in conveying disagreeable news. 他是那种专喜欢报忧的人。 　　Inevitably those who suffer the most are the mothers and children. 不可避免的是遭受最大痛苦的是母亲和儿童。 　　The market favoured those who had property and discriminated against those who did not. 市场偏爱那些有财产的人，歧视那些没有财产的。 　　二、those whom型 　　当 those 后引导定语从句的关系代词用作宾语时，可以省略作宾语的whom。如： 　　He could imitate in speech or writing most of those he admired. 他能模仿大多数自己崇拜的偶像的讲话和写作风格。 　　Eric was a gifted teacher beloved by all those he taught over the years. 埃里克是位天才的教师，多年来他一直受到所以学生们的热爱。 　　He sought reconciliation with those he had stolen from. 他想与那些曾被他盗窃的人寻求和解。 　　Build on the qualities you are satisfied with and work to change those you are unhappy with. 以自己满意的优点为发展基础，努力改变自己不满意的地方。 　　三、those whose型 　　当 those 后引导定语从句的关系代词用作定语且表示所属关系时，关系代词用 whose。如： 　　The syndrome is more likely to strike those whose immune systems are already below par. 这种综合征更容易对那些免疫系统已经低于正常水平的人构成威胁。 　　四、those that / which 型 　　许多人认为，those 后后的定语从句只能用 who 来引导，不能用 that 或 which，其实是误解。 　　1. 当先行词 those 指人时，其后的定语从句可以用 who 来引导，也可以用 that 来引导，但以用 who 引导为普通。如： 　　None are so deaf as those that will not hear. 最聋的人莫过于不愿听别人意见的人。 　　His simple message was that God will punish those that do evil. 他的意思非常简单：上帝将会惩罚作恶者。 　　2. 当先行词 those 指事物时，其后的定语从句不可以用 who 来引导，可以用 that 来或 which 来引导。如： 　　The votes in the marginals are those that really count. 边缘席位的选票才是最关键的。 　　The design of the new house is similar to those that have already been built. 这栋新房子的设计与已经建好的那些房子相似。 　　We must try to find out those which may be attacked most easily. 我们必须设法找出容易受攻击的东西。 　　You are asked to indicate those which most describe your personality. 要求你指出最能表明你性格的那些方面。 　　另外注意，those后可接定语从句，但these后习惯上不接定语从句。

those和that的区别只在于单复数的问题。those修饰复数，that修饰单数

　　those用作先行词时后接定语从句的四大类型 　　一、those who型 　　当代词 those 后接定语从句时，定语从句通常用关系代词who来引导。如： 　　Those who earn most pay most tax. 挣钱最多的人交税也最多。 　　Thanks are due to all those who helped. 向所有帮过忙的人表示感谢。 　　Thanks are due to all those who took part. 向所有参加的人表示感谢。 　　We kept seats for those who might arrive late. 我们给可能来晚的人留了座位。 　　Apologies to those of you who wrote in to complain. 向那些写信来投拆的人致歉。 　　Life goes on for those of us who remain here below. 对于我们凡人来说，生活依旧。 　　This statue commemorates those who died in the war. 这座雕像是纪念战争死难者的。 　　Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in. 只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。 　　Early settlers paved the way for those who arrived later. 早期的移民为后来者奠定了基础。 　　Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first. 票数有限，先申请者先得。 　　There are plenty of restaurants for those who tire of shopping. 厌烦购物的人有很多餐馆可去。 　　Those who wish to come here will do so at their own risk. 愿意来的人都可以来，但责任自负。 　　He was one of those people who take delight in conveying disagreeable news. 他是那种专喜欢报忧的人。 　　Inevitably those who suffer the most are the mothers and children. 不可避免的是遭受最大痛苦的是母亲和儿童。 　　The market favoured those who had property and discriminated against those who did not. 市场偏爱那些有财产的"人，歧视那些没有财产的。 　　二、those whom型 　　当 those 后引导定语从句的关系代词用作宾语时，可以省略作宾语的whom。如： 　　He could imitate in speech or writing most of those he admired. 他能模仿大多数自己崇拜的偶像的讲话和写作风格。 　　Eric was a gifted teacher beloved by all those he taught over the years. 埃里克是位天才的教师，多年来他一直受到所以学生们的热爱。 　　He sought reconciliation with those he had stolen from. 他想与那些曾被他盗窃的人寻求和解。 　　Build on the qualities you are satisfied with and work to change those you are unhappy with. 以自己满意的优点为发展基础，努力改变自己不满意的地方。 　　三、those whose型 　　当 those 后引导定语从句的关系代词用作定语且表示所属关系时，关系代词用 whose。如： 　　The syndrome is more likely to strike those whose immune systems are already below par. 这种综合征更容易对那些免疫系统已经低于正常水平的人构成威胁。 　　四、those that / which 型 　　许多人认为，those 后后的定语从句只能用 who 来引导，不能用 that 或 which，其实是误解。 　　1. 当先行词 those 指人时，其后的定语从句可以用 who 来引导，也可以用 that 来引导，但以用 who 引导为普通。如： 　　None are so deaf as those that will not hear. 最聋的人莫过于不愿听别人意见的人。 　　His simple message was that God will punish those that do evil. 他的意思非常简单：上帝将会惩罚作恶者。 　　2. 当先行词 those 指事物时，其后的定语从句不可以用 who 来引导，可以用 that 来或 which 来引导。如： 　　The votes in the marginals are those that really count. 边缘席位的选票才是最关键的。 　　The design of the new house is similar to those that have already been built. 这栋新房子的设计与已经建好的那些房子相似。 　　We must try to find out those which may be attacked most easily. 我们必须设法找出容易受攻击的东西。 　　You are asked to indicate those which most describe your personality. 要求你指出最能表明你性格的那些方面。 　　另外注意，those后可接定语从句，但these后习惯上不接定语从句。

“定语从句”是英语语法中很重要的一块，很难三言两语讲清楚。如果方便的话，建议去这个地址看看：http://www.yygrammar.com/Article/adjc/Index.html

1.名词性从句1.1 主语从句 陈述句做主语从句，引导词为that,多以it来做形式主语 e.g It is difficult that everyone can be as excellent as you. 一般疑问句做主语从句，引导词为whether. e.g whether your decision is right is confusing most of us. 特殊疑问句做主语从句，引导词为特殊疑问词(when, where, how many, how much,等) e.g What you have said is right definitely.1.2 宾语从句 陈述句做宾语从句，引导词为that, 有时以it来做形式主语，that可省略。 e.g She knows that she has been wrong. 一般疑问句做宾语从句，引导词为whether或if.e.g She asked me whether/if my homework has been finished. 特殊疑问句做宾语从句，引导词为特殊疑问词(when, where, how many, how much,等) e.g She has known how much money I had.1.3 表语从句 陈述句做表语从句，引导词为that, 不可省略 e.g The answer is that he has been a rich. 一般疑问句做表语从句，引导词为whether. e.g The question is whether you have tried it or not. 特殊疑问句做表语从句，引导词为特殊疑问词 (when, where, how many, how much,等) e.g The question is why you have been so foolish. 1.4 同位语从句 陈述句做同位语从句，引导词为that, 不可省略 e.g We all know the fact that you are a liar. 一般疑问句做同位语从句，引导词为whether e.g The question whether you are his son is unknown 特殊疑问句做同位语从句，引导词为特殊疑问词(when, where, how many, how much,等) e.g The question when I could come back cannot be answered now.定语从句: 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句引导词有：that, which, who, whom, 介词+which构成部分：先行词+引导词+从句的其他部分(其中先行词是被修饰词)先行词的选择：物时：which/ that Genetic engineering is a safe and powerful tool which/that will yield unprecedented results, specifically in the field of medicine.基因工程是一种安全和威力强大的工具，特别是在医学领域将产生史无前例的成效。人：who(主语或宾语)/whom（宾语）Those people who are against mandatory retirement have the following reasons.那些反对强制退休制度的人持有以下理由。人和物：that My dog and I that was trapped in the cave for several days was saved by a passer-by fortunately. 谁的：whoseThe tall building whose windowed was broken was ruined in the war. 时间：when====介词+whichI look forward to a day when we can enjoy a delicious meal at your restaurant.=I look forward to a day on which we can enjoy a delicious meal at your restaurant.区分：I look forward to the day which is coming soon. 地点：where====介词+whichI prefer to live in a place where the climate is agreeable.=I prefer to live in a place in which the climate is agreeable.原因：why====介词+whichThat is the reason why many people are strongly against the ban on pets in big cities.That is the reason for which many people are strongly against the ban on pets in big cities.

真巧，数秒前刚回答了相关问题。限定性定语从句，这是指句中的从句，其有无会影响句子理解。譬如：He went back to where he was born.其中,where he was born，这是句子不可或缺的部分，如果没有它，单说“他回到了”——那这是半句话。读不懂了，这种就叫限定性定语从句。反之，非限定性的，其存在与否都不影响理解主句。如：He has a notebook, in which he has put down the names and addresses of all his friends".此句中，“他有个笔记本”，这已是句完整的话了，後面“记著他所有朋友的联系方式”，这是补充说明，没有它本句一样读得懂。就是这样。

偶的英语不好

简单来讲就是主观与客观的区别。描述性就是个人主观的看法这类的形容，副词来做定语。比如一个东西。如果说是1M，这是客观实在的，但是说他是大，还是小，这就是主观的描述性定于了。

1. I don"t know why can"t some countries of Africa with tractors replaced cattle reason 2. Where I am in Kenya plan a remote region of building a small clinic, to help improve there children"s health 3. A few days ago that the tailor received a charity new sewing machine 4. This is a can store seeds cans 5. Astronauts into space before going in for the hundreds of hours of training 6. Today is the couple golden anniversary, they are celebrates. 7. The best economic plan put forward the party in the election. 8. I win this means said the concert began

a:后位定语 I have something to do (to do 作后位定语修饰something,和something 有逻辑上的动宾关系）He was the first person to reach the top of the mountain.( to reach the top of the mountain作后位定语修饰the first person,和the first person 有逻辑上的主谓关系）B.目的状语I got up early to catch the first bus.这句中的to catch the first bus是目的状语,修饰谓语got up)He went to the raileay station to meet his friend.这句中的to meet his friend 是目的状语修饰went)如果不定式前面可以加in order 或者so as （为了,以便） ,那肯定是目的状语

to do：某些动词或形容词后可接不定式时，它相应的同根名词也常用不定式做定语； 如：He made an attempt to learn English well.他试图学好英语。 此外，当不定式中的动词与所修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系且动词为不及物动词时，需用“不定式+介词”的结构，这种情况下的介词不能省略。 扩展资料 　　介词+which+todo做定语，如上面的第一句I need a pen to write with.可转换为I need a pen with which to write.) 　　不定式做定语除了原形to do外，还会下面的形式，即：不定式的被动形式to be done，不定式的.完成时to have done； 　　如： 　　1.There is no need to have bought a new pair of shoes for me.没有必要给我买一双新鞋。(to have bought意为“已买”). 　　2.There are plans to be made at once.要立即制定计划。(表示计划被制定) 　　3.He was the second man to be killed this way.他是第二个这样被杀害的人。(表示这个人被杀害) 　　注意：当不定式做定语时，有两种情况可用不定式的主动表被动。 　　1.There be句型中不定式to do和to be done都可表被动，可以不区别。如：There are a lot of things to do/to be done this afternoon.今天下午有许多事要做。 　　2.当不定式与所修饰词有动宾关系同时又与本句中的另一个名词或代词构成主谓关系时，可用不定式的主动形式to do表示被动含义。如： 　　Mr.Smith，I have some questions to ask.史密斯先生，我有一些问题要问。(不定式to ask的动作执行者是主语I) 　　Please give me somebooks to read.请给我一些书读。(不定式to read的动作执行者是句中的me) 　　但：I"m going to the post office;do you have anything to be sent？我要去邮局，你有什么要寄的东西吗？(此句中send这个动作不是句中you发出的，所以用了被动)

told用作被动态表示动作和主语之间是动宾关系，而动词的被动或主动态与定语从句和状语从句的使用没有必然联系。定语从句和先行词有关，也就是名词，因为定语从句修饰先行词。而状语从句的功能相当于一个状语，具体使用要结合上下文的语境来判断。

就是修饰定语Youthisthefreshnessofthedeepspringsoflife

要求太高了

"Unique" 通常作为形容词，表示独特、独一无二的意思。在使用 "unique" 作定语时，它可以出现在所修饰名词的前面或后面。如果将 "unique" 放在所修饰名词的前面，那么它是一个前置定语，通常用来强调所描述的事物独特性质。例如：A unique opportunity （独特的机会）The unique culture of the region （该地区的独特文化）将 "unique" 放在所修饰名词的后面，则成为后置定语，修饰整个名词短语或句子。例如：Her dress was beautiful and unique. （她的裙子美丽而独特。）This restaurant has a unique atmosphere. （这家餐厅有一种独特的氛围。）需要注意的是，在某些情况下，将 "unique" 放在名词的前面可能会产生歧义或让人误解。因此，在使用 "unique" 作为定语时，应根据具体语境和表达意图，选择适当的定语位置。

But it is precisely the lack of such detachment that...这是一个强调句型,it叫做强调的it，汉语意思是：但正是因为缺乏这种超脱，才会让原本愉快的记忆体验变成一种病态的不愉快的精神状态。这里的 turn it into...中的it 是指a potentially pleasant memory。

She is a norse 她是一个护士 norse是表语He is a kind man 他是一个和蔼的人 kind是定语The man behind you is my brother 站在你后面的人是我的兄弟behind you 这个词组作为地点状语(状语还包括,时间,目的,原因,让步,结果,条件,方式和比较). I will tell you the truth you和truth都是宾语,you是直接宾语, truth是间接宾语.表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词）之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。宾语，又称受词，是指一个动作（动词）的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类，其中直接宾语指动作的直接对象，间接宾语说明动作的非直接，但受动作影响的对象。一般而言，及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语，而该宾语通常为直接宾语，有些及物动词要求两个宾语，则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语，另一个为间接宾语。.............................. 英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。

一、现在分词 现在分词由动词加ing构成。 非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用，在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语。 一、现在分词的两个基本特点。 1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行。例如： a developing country. 一个发展中的国家， boiling water 沸水， rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。（试比较： a developed country 一个发达国家， boiled water 白开水， risen sun 升起的太阳） 2. 在语态上表示主动。例如： the ruling class 统治阶级， the exploiting class 剥削阶级。（试比较： the ruled class 被统治阶级， the exploited class 被剥削阶级） 二、掌握现在分词的基本功能。 1. 现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征，此时可换成相应的定语从句。例如： ① There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light. ② He saw a flying bird and raised his bow. ③ I was satisfied with the exciting speech. 2. 现在分词作状语时，可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。例如： ① The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here. ② European football is played in more than 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. ③Seeing from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful. 3. 现在分词作补足语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。例如： ① Soon they could see the steam rising from the wet clothes. ② The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. 4. 现在分词的独立主格结构作状语。例如： ① With his lips still trembling, he couldn"t say a word. ②“ Mama! ” he cried suddenly, tears rolling down his cheeks. “妈妈！”他突然哭着喊，泪水从他的脸上流下来。（这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构 tears rolling down his cheeks 作状语。） ③ Weather permitting, we"ll go to the Great wall. 如果天气允许的话，我们就去长城。（这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构 Weather permitting 作状语。）区别:动名词和现在分词都是由v＋ing构成，在句中都能作表语和定语，而且都保留着动词的一些特征，有其完成式和被动态。那么v＋ing形式到底是现在分词还是动名词呢？下面有五种区别方法： （1）如果v＋ing形式与被修饰名词逻辑上是主谓关系，就是现在分词，它相当于定语从句；如果逻辑上没有主谓关系，则是动名词，它可以用介词for加上这个动名词来代替，该介词短语应放在被修饰名词之后。例如： 1）a moving blackboard正在移动的黑板（moving：现在分词，a moving blackboard=a blackboard which is moving） 2）a walking tractor手扶拖拉机（walking：现在分词，awalking tractor=a tractor which is walking） （2）如果v＋ing形式是说明主语怎么样，表示的是主语的形状、特征的是现在分词，现在分词起着形容词和副词的作用，在句中作宾补和状语，一般用how提问，后不带宾语，但可用very，so，quite等词修饰，也可用more和most分别构成比较级和最高级。如果v＋ing形式是说明主语是什么，即主语的具体内容，强调主语的行为、功能和用途的则为动名词。动名词起着名词的作用，在句中作主语和宾语，一般用what提问，也可用状语来修饰，但不能用程度副词very，much等修饰。例如： 1）The news is very exciting．（exciting：现在分词） 2）Laying eggs is her full－time job．（laying：动名词） （3）动名词作表语，和主语间可以划等号，甚至可以交换位置。如上述例句2）可改写成：Her full－time job is layingeggs．而现在分词充当表语，不能同主语划等号，因此不能同主语换位置。例句1）不能改写成：Exciting is the news． （4）v＋ing前有冠词、物主代词、名词所有格或指示代词的是动名词；用来构成复合形容词的v＋ing形式和独立主格结构中所用的v＋ing形式的是现在分词。例如： 1）His coming was unexpected．（coming：动名词） 2）The Chinese are brave and hard－working．（working：现在分词） （5）朗读时，如果v＋ing形式与它修饰的名词均有句子重音的为现在分词；如果v＋ing有句子重音，被它修饰的名词没有句子重音的则为动名词。 同位语从句和定语从句一样通常都放在由名词充当的先行词后面, 且其先行词和关联词特点与定语从句先行词及关联词特点十分相似,极易混淆,不过两者的区别还是十分明显的。 1. 从句性质不同 同位语从句属于名词性从句,是用来进一步解释或补充说明前面的名词;而定语从句是用来说明先行词的性质或特征,起修饰或限制的作用,与先行词的关系是修饰与被修饰的关系,从句相当于形容词。 例1:The plan that you will go there next week has to be changed.你准备下周去那里的计划得改变. 析:认真分析语境含义及句子结构可知,从句为The plan的具体内容,因此该句为同位语从句。 例2:The news that he told me was false.他告诉我的消息是假的。 析:认真分析语境含义和句子结构可知,从句是用来修饰The news的, 因此该句为定语从句。 2.关联词作用不同 定语从句的关联词在从句中作主语、宾语、时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等,而同位语从句的关联词在从句中不担任成分。 例1:The plan that I”ll stay there for a week can”t come true.我要在那儿呆一周的计划不能实现。 析:分析句子成分可知,that在从句中不作任何成分,因此该句为同位语从句。 例2:The plan that he raised was reasonable.他提出的计划合理。 析:that在从句中作宾语,因此该句为定语从句。3．同位语从句先行词不同 同位语从句的先行词就是被同位语从句修饰的名词,因为它和同位语从句在内容上相同,因此常为一些体现一定内容的名词,如:hope, plan, fact, news, problem, truth, idea, information等,此时同位语从句具体介绍这些名词的内容。同位语从句的先行词虽然体现同位语从句的内容,但在同位语从句中并不充当成分。

不是，通常引导让步状语从句

就像你说的,这个是现在分词做定语,修饰 the car.可以看成是下面的定语从句： The car that belongs to Mr Smith was seriously broken in a traffic accident last night.

这是一个省略了引导词‘ that" 的宾语从句,即 The traffic rules（主句主语） say{主句谓语）(that) young children （从句主语）under the age of four and weighing less than 40pounds（介词短语作定语修饰CHILDREN） must be（系动词） in a child safety seat（介词短语作表语） weigh变成weighing：是现在分词作定语.

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出.条件状语从句 在复合句中,由从句表示的状语叫做状语从句.它可以用来修饰主语中的动词.形容词.副词等.根据它表达的意思,状语从句可以分为时间状语从句,地点状语从句,条件状语从句,比较状语从句,目的状语从句,结果状语从句和让步状语从句等.由连接词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句.在英文中,条件是指某一件事情实现之后（状语从句中的动作）,其它事情（主句中的动作）才能发生,通常译作“假如”.（注意：在含有条件状语从句的复合句中,表示将来时态,主句是一般将来时态,从句要用一般现在时[主将从现原则],并且,切记紧跟着if的那句话是从句.）宾语从句 　　1.主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态.　　2.从句与主句时态保持一致.　　3.主句用过去时,从句是客观真理时,只用一般现在时.被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系.语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态.如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态.百度文库又更详细的介绍地址：wk.baidu自己输入相关的词语,就有相关的文档!很详细

A u3010parachuteu3011 is a device that enables a person to jump from an aircraft and float safely to the ground. It consists of a large piece of thin cloth attached to your body by strings

楼主好首先得说明一下whose所指的所属关系并不单狭义地指人与物的所属关系只要两个名词之间有所属关系都可以用“whose”作为引导词或者他的等效代换词the+n.+ofwhich(与物的所属关系)/the+n.+ofwhom(与人的所属关系)这句话中windows和house明显是所属关系即房子的窗户whose作为引导词引导定语从句且做从句中windows的定语=========================================希望可以帮到你哦！望采纳谢谢！O(∩_∩)O

定语从句：一：概说 1 定义：在复合句中起定语作用的从句叫做定语从句。 （定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词——即先行词之后） 2 种类； ⑴限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句对说明句子意义来说必不可少，如果省略句子意思不 完整，有时甚至会被歪曲，限定性定语从句不用“，”和句子的其他部 分隔开。 ⑵非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句对说明句子意义来说未必必不可少，如果省略 句子意思仍然完整，非限定性定语从句通常用“，”和句子的其他 部分隔开。 例句：①限定性定语从句：正在睡觉的那个男孩是汤姆。 The boy who issleeping is Tom. ②非限定性定语从句：水，一种清澈透明的液体，很有用途。 Water,which is aclear liquid,has many uses. 3 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别： ⑴限定性定语从句不能省略，如果省略，句意不完整； 非限定性定语从句可以省略，如果省略，句意仍然完整。⑵限定性定语从句不用“，”把它和句子的其他部分隔开； 非限定性定语从句用“，”把它和句子的其他部分隔开。⑶限定性定语从句可以用that引导； 非限定性定语从句不可以用that引导。⑷限定性定语从句的关联词有时可以省略（一般做宾语时省略）； 非限定性定语从句的关联词不可以省略⑸限定性定语从句一般只能用来修饰先行词； 非限定性定语从句可以用来修饰先行词，也可以用来修饰整个句子或句子的一部分。 4 关联词： 　⑴关系代词（6个）：who 谁（主语）whom 谁（宾语）whose 谁的（定语）which 哪个（主语，宾语）that （主语，宾语）as 像～（主语，宾语）　⑵关系副词（3个）：when ~时候where　哪里why　为什么 主语从句主语从句一 定义 ： 在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫做主语从句。二 位置： 一般与陈述句基本结构中的主语相同。但多数情况下用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句之后，避免头重脚轻。三主语从句的种类（1） 由连词that引导的主语从句。 例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely. 你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。That you are so indifferent bothers me. 你如此冷淡使我很烦恼。That she survived the accident is a miracle. 她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹。（2） 用连接代词或连接副词if, whether 引导的主语从句。例如： Which of them escaped from the prison is still a mystery.他们哪一个是从监狱里逃跑的，仍然是个谜。When they will come hasn"t been made pubic. 他们什么时候来还不知道。 Whether she is coming or not doesn"t matter too much. 她来不来都无关紧要。（3） 用关系代词引导的主语从句。例如：What you need is more practice. 你所需要的是更多的训练。What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这事。Whatever we do is to serve the people. 我们无论做什么都是为人民服务。主语从句可以直接放在主语位置上，也可以用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末（尤其是当谓语较短时）。例如：That light travels in straight lines is knownto all.光沿直线传播，这是众所周知的事。=It is known to all that light travels in straight lines. 众所周知光沿直线传播。When the plane is to take off has not been announced .飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。= It has not been announced when the plane is to take off. 还没有宣布飞机何时起飞。当what引导的主语从句表示“…的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语。错:It is a book what he wants.对:What he wants is a book. 他想要的是本书。如果带主语从句的句子是疑问式，则必须用it作形式主语的结构。例如：Has it been settled who will be sent to carry outthe task ?谁将被派去执行这项任务决定了吗 ？四 主语从句常用结构（1） It is + 名词 + 从句It is a fact that… 事实是……It is good news that … ……是好消息It is a question that … ……是个问题It is common knowledge that … ……是常识类似的名词还有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等。例如：It is a mystery to me how it all happened.这一切是怎么发生的是个谜。It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish. 鲸鱼不是鱼，这是常识。It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game. 鲍勃会赢得这场比赛，这不足为奇。（2） It is + 形容词 + 从句It is necessary that … 有必要……It is clear that … 很清楚……It is likely that … 很可能……It is important that … 重要的是……类似的形容词还有：strange; natural; obvious; true; good;wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while;surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc.例如：It is obvious that conductors and insulators areboth important in industry.很明显导体和绝缘体在工业中都很重要。It is doubtful whether she will be able to come. 她是否能来令人怀疑。It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you .他拒绝和你说话真是令人惊讶。 It is essential that he should be here by the weekend .周末之前，他应该到这里是必要的。It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.很明显我们不能这样下去了。（3） It is + 过去分词 + 从句It is said that … 据说……It is reported that … 据报道……It has been proved that … 已证明……It must be proved that… 必须指出……类似的过去分词还有：known; estimated; expected; believed;thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; madeclear; found out,etc.例如：It is thought that he is the best player. 大家都认为他是最好的选手。It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old. 据估计这个花瓶有2000年的历史。It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between twostars. 过去一直认为新星是由于两颗星星之间碰撞产生的。It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.还没弄清楚这条路将开始通车。（4） It + 不及物动词 + 从句It seems that … 好像是……It happened that… 碰巧……It follows that … 由此可见……It has turned out that … 结果是……类似的不及物动词还有：seem, appear, occur, follow, happen, turnout, etc.例如：It turned out that nobody remembered the address. 结果是无人记得那个地址。It now appears that they are in urgent need of help. 看起来他们急需帮助。 It does not matter if I missed my train, because there is another later.没有赶上这趟火车没有关系，稍晚还有一趟。It happened that I saw him yesterday. 碰巧我昨天看见他了。***** 当“及物动词 + 宾语”较短时，也可用这种结构。例如：It shocked me that Peter did not tell anybody wherehe was.让我吃惊的是彼得没有告诉任何人他在哪里。It does not interest me whether you go or not. 我对你去不去不感兴趣。***** It +某些固定结构+ 主语从句。例如：It doesn"t make too much difference （It doesn"t make any difference / It doesn"t alter the situation），whether it rains or not . 下不下雨都没有多大关系。It does not make any difference whether it rains or not . 下不下雨没什么分别。It does not make the least difference to me what you do.对我来说你做什么都无关紧要。Is it of much consequence to you that Mr. Wang has failed to do it ? 王先生没有做成这件事对你有什么重要影响吗？

attributive clause

　　用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较： 　　A.Iknowaplacewherewecanhaveapicnic.我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。 　　Iknowaplacewhich/thatisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。 　　B.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether.我永远忘不了我们一起 度假的日子。 　　Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。 　　C.Thisisthereasonwhyhewasdismissed.这就是他被解雇的原因。 　　Thisisthereasonthat/whichheexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。 　　 （五） but 有时也用作关系词引导定语从句。如： 　　Thereareveryfewbutadmirehistalents. 很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。（but=whodon"t） 　　 （六）定语从句与同位语从句的区别 　　1．定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。 　　TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforParis.（定语从句）刚刚起飞的那架飞机是开往巴黎的。 　　Thefactthathehasalreadydiedisquiteclear.（同位语从句）他已经去世了，这个事实很明了。 　　2．定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where,when,how,who,whether,what等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。 　　Thenewsthathetoldmeistrue.（定语从句）他告诉我的消息是真的。 　　Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.（同位语从句）他刚刚去世了，这个消息是真的。 　　Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.(定语从句)我们现在面临的问题是如何筹集这么多资金。 　　Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.（同位语从句）我们如何筹集这么多资金，这个问题很难解决。 　　Thequestionthatheraisedpuzzledallofus.（定语从句）他提出的问题让我们很为难。 　　Thequestionwhetherheissuretowinthegameishardtoanswer.（同位语从句）他是否一定会赢得那场比赛，这个问题很难回答。 　　3．同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句则不能。如： 　　A.Theideathathewecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.（同位语从句）我们可以向老师请教，这个主意不错。 　　Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice. 　　B.Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundthesunisknowntoall.（同位语从句）地球围绕太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。 　　Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundthesun. 　　C.Payattentiontotheproblemhowwecanprotectthewildanimals.（同位语从句）请注意如何保护野生动物这个问题。 　　Theproblemishowwecanprotectthewildanimals. 　　 Exercises: 　　1.There are three bedrooms in the house,_____ is Mary"s. 　　A the smallestof whichB the smaller of which 　　C the smallest of themD the smallest one 　　2.The Greens will move into the new house next Monday,_____ it will be completely finished. 　　A by the timeB by which timeC by that timeD by this time 　　3.Alice has a large collection of phone,_____ was taken in london. 　　A none of themB no one of whichC all of whichD none of which 　　4.With the fast development of agriculture, the people ____ village I taught beforelived a happy life. 　　A whoB whoseC in whoseD in which 　　5.There is a moutain ____ the top is always covered with snow. 　　A whoseB ofwhichC it"sD that 　　6.She may have missed her train, in ____ case she won"t arrive for another hour. 　　A whatB thatC whichD this 　　7.1)I have three children,and two of _____ are doctors. 　　2)I have three children, two of ____ are doctors. 　　8.There two thousand students in our school,____ are girls. 　　A two-thirds in whichB two-thirds in themC two-thirds of themD of whom two thirds 　　9.I have bought two ballpens,_____ writes well. 　　A neither of themB none of themC neither of whichD none of which 　　（1---6ABDCBC 7----9B DDC） 　　特殊结构定语从句点击 　　1. These houses are sold at such a low price ________ people expected. 　　A. likeB. asC. thatD. which 　　2. I"ve never heard so interesting a story ________ you told me. 　　A. asB. that C. of whichD. about which 　　3. I"ve seen the same film ________ you saw yesterday. 　　A. thatB. which C. asD. like 　　4. I"ll buy the same coat ________ you wear. 　　A. that B. which C. as D. like 　　5. He made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science. 　　A. which I think is 　　B. which I think it is 　　C. which I think it 　　D. I think is 　　6. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 　　A. It B. As C. That D. What 　　7. This is the first time ________ he has been here. 　　A. that B. when C. at which D. which 　　8. I don"t like ________ you speak to her. 　　A. the wayB. they way in thatC. the way whichD. the way of which 　 　答案与简析： 　　1. B。当先行词被such修饰时，定语从句用as引导，即构成结构为"such+（a/an）＋形容词＋名词＋as"引导的定语从句，意为"......像......一样的"。整个句子意为：这些房屋以人们原来估计的那样低的价格出售。 　　2. A。由so interesting a story = such an interesting story和上面一题的解释便可得知答案。as在定语从句中作宾语。整句意为：我从未听说过像你告诉我那样有趣的故事。 　　3. A 　　4. C。当先行词被same修饰时，定语从句由that或as引导，但意思不同。用that引导定语从句指同一物，而用as引导定语从句指同类事物。 　　5. A。做此题的关键是要知道I think在定语从句中作插入语，做题时将其去掉便可容易得到答案。 　　6. B。As在此引导非限制性定语从句，代表它所修饰的整个句子内容，并且它可放在所修饰句子的前、中或后面。其常见结构如：as you know, as is said above, as is often the case（情况经常是这样）等。如选A，则需将逗号改为that；如选D，则需将逗号改为is that。 　　7. A。当先行词为the first time, the last time等时，定语从句的引导词用that而不用when。 　　8. A。当先行词为way时，定语从句的引导词用that或in which, 也可省略。 　　定语从句 　　1．This is the best factory ____we visited last year . 　　A. where B. whichC. in whichD. that 　　2.Is this the factory ____computers are built ? 　　A. that B. which C. in whichD. in that 　　3.please pass me the dictionary ____cover is red . 　　A. whose B.its C. which D. which of 　　4.The man ____has arrived . 　　A. whom I told you B. that I told you 　　C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about 　　5. Do you know the comrade ____we are talking ? 　　A. to whomB. to who C. whom D. to that 　　6. They visited the house ___the great writer was born . 　　A. from where B. in which C. which D. in where 　　7. The comrade ___is speaking at the meeting is my teacher . 　　A. whomB. which C. who D. whose 　　8. He asked us to watch carefully everything ___he did in class . 　　A. who B. that C. what D. where 　　9. I"ll visit the professor tomorrow ,___he will be back from Shanghai . 　　A. who B. thatC. whenD. which 　　10.The school ___I study is a new one . 　　A. on which B. at where C. on that D. at which 　　11. China has many islands,____the largest is Taiwan . 　　A. in which B. at which C. which D. of which 　　12. The city ____my mother grew up is not far from here . 　　A. what B. where C. that D. which 　　13. Our teacher lives in the house ____door faces to the north . 　　A. which B. his C. thatD. whose 　　14. Do you know the man ___your father nodded ? 　　A. whom B. to whomC. to who D. about whom 　　15.Wrestling is a sport in ___people easily get hurt . 　　A. that B. when C. whichD. what 　　16. I told you ____I know . 　　A. all that B. all which C. all whatD. all whom 　　17.China has a lot of famous writers ,one ___is Lu Xun . 　　A. of which B. of whomC. of who D. of them 　　18. Is this factory ____we visited last year ? 　　A. in whichB. around that C. whom D. the one 　　19. Who is the man ____was there ? 　　A. whoB. which C. that D. whom 　　20. Is there anything ____I can do for you, sir ? 　　A. thatB. which C. whose D. who 　　21. I still remember the day ____she first wore that green dress . 　　A. which B. in which C. on thatD. on which 　　22. The knife ____we used to cut the bread is very sharp . 　　A. with whichB. with it C. with that D. which 　　23. The games ____the young men competed in were difficult . 　　A.in which B. which C. it D. who 　　24.It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.. 　　A. that B. which C. as D. it 　　25. George Mallory was an English school teacher _____ loved climbing. 　　A. whoB. whomC. he D. which 　　历届高考英语单项选择题定语从句精选 　　26.His parents wouldn"t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor. 　　A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose 　　27.She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth. 　　A.it B.which C.this D.that 　　28.In the dark street , there wasn"t a single person _____ she could turn for help. 　　A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom 　　29.The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect. 　　A.what B.which C.that D.it 　　30.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child. 　　A.which B.where C.that D.when 　　31．Carol said the work would be done by October,______personally I doubt very much. 　　A. it B.that C.when D.which 　　32．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy. 　　A．who B．which C．this D．what 　　33.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable. 　　A.which price C.the price of which 　　C.its price D.the price of whose 　　34._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules. 　　A.As B.It C.That D.Which 　　35.He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English. 　　A.this B.which C.that D.same 　　36.On the wall hung a picture, _____ color is blue. 　　A.whose B.of which C.which D.its 　　37.Whenever I met him , ____ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile. 　　A.what B.which C.that D.when 　　38.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower. 　　A.that B.where C.which D.there 　　39.The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women. 　　A.in which B.in that C.in whose D.whose 　　40.I don"t like _____ you speak to her. 　　A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which 　　41.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ I got wet through . 　　A.It"s the reason B.That"s why 　　C.There"s why D.It"s how 　　42.He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science. 　　A.which I think is B.which I think it is 　　C.which I think it D.I think which is 　 　定语从句答案: 　　1-5DCADA 6-10 BCBCD 11-15 DBDBC 16-20 ABDCA 21- 25 DABBA 　　KEYS: 26-30 DBDBB 31-35 DBCAB 36-40 ABBCA 41-42 BA

关于如何区分定语从句和同位语从句的问题，小编在此为大家总结了几种简单、易行的方法，希望能够帮助到大家。 01 句中含有that时，看that是否能省略。 定语从句中的that不仅起到连接词的作用，而且还充当句子的成分（主语、宾语等），往往可以省略。例如：The apples that your mom bought yesterday were delicious.（其中，that可以省略。） 在同位语从句中，that只起到连接词的作用，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。例如：It is a fact that he has done his best. 02 that与先行词的关系。 定语从句中，that对先行词起到修饰、限定作用。例如：This is the dog that I"m looking for. 同位语从句中，that对先行词起到解释、补充说明的作用。例如：The news that he has died was true. 03 先行词不同。 定语从句中，先行词往往是具体的人或者事物。例如：The pen that Tom takes is blue. 同位语从句中，先行词往往是抽象性的名词。例如：The news that Tiny will come is true. 04 引导词不同。 定语从句中，当指代人时，可以用who或者which来引导，而同位语从句不可以。例如：The boy who is laughing is my brother. 同位语从句中，引导词可以用how，what，whether，而定语从句不能。例如：I have no idea whether he"ll come or not. 05 同位语从句中，从句可以转换为同位名词的表语，而定语从句不可以。例如：The fact can"t be accepted by his parents that Tom is lost.

首先，要确定先行词在从句所充当的句子成份，如果先行词在从句中当时间状语或地点状语，就分别用关系副词when和where：I still remember the date when I joined the army.我仍然记得参军的日子。先行词是date, 在从句中当参军的时间状语（I joined the army on the date），所以用when,或on which.Tell me the place where the accident happened yesterday.告诉我昨天发生事故的地点。先行词是place, 在从句中当事故发生的地点(the accident happened at the place yesterday.)，是地点状语，所以用where或at which。

定语从句which的用法：1.引导限制性定语从句（1）A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.商店应存有最畅销的货物。（2）This is the family which is planning to move to the party.这是要搬进城里的一家。2.引导非限制性定语从句（1）用来指代一个句子Internet is so interesting,which makes all possible happen.因特网如此有趣，它可以使任何事都有可能发生。（2）用来指代句子的一部分When deep in thought,which he often was,he would forget all around him.他常常陷入沉思，这时他就会忘掉周围的一切。（3）如果要引导两个非限制性定语从句，第二个which前要加andHe bought a book,which was written by LuXun,and which he decided to give to his friend.3.名词+of+which（=of which+名词=whose+名词）通常放在先行词的后面。I"d like a room the window of which looks out over the sea.I"d like a room of which the window looks out over the sea.I"d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.我要一间窗户面临大海的房间。4.介词+which的替代作用（1）作时间状语替代whenThere used to be a time at which/during which （ =when ） the Chinese people struggled for freedom.中国人曾有一段为自由而斗争的日子。（2）作地点状语替代whereThis is the office in which（=where）I used to work.这是我过去工作过的办公室。（3）作原因状语替代why

　　学英语，一大痛点在定语从句，which就是痛中之痛之一。which是定语从句的关系代词之一。GMAT语法考试限定，which有且仅有两种用法。 　　which定语从句的用法 篇1 　　一、which前面有逗号，逗号前面是个名词，which就近指代那个名词。 　　(1) Tankfield emailed Pea some photos, which did not cheer Pea up. 　　which就近指代photos，定语从句中谓语动词did not cheer (Pea up)的发出者即从句主语即先行词photos，是photos没让豌豆家属高兴起来。 　　(2) Tankfield emailed Pea some photos, which Pea did not find interesting. 　　which就近指代photos，photos是定语从句中的宾语，把定语从句还原成一个完整句就是Pea did not find the photos interesting. 　　可以看到，上面两个句子都可以以that为关系代词改写，即 　　(1)Tankfield emailed Pea some photos that did not cheer Pea up. 　　(2)Tankfield emailed Pea some photos that Pea did not find interesting. 　　改写与原版区别在哪儿？就在一个逗号。which前面是名词，名词和which之间没逗号的，在GMAT语法里算错。 　　二、which前面是介词，介词前面是名词，which就近指代介词前的那个名词，名词和介词之间有无逗号均可。 　　Tankfield once lent Pea a book from which Pea glimpsed the basics of genes. 　　这个句子可以“拆”成如下两句：（每个定语从句都可以拆成两句，以先行词为拆分点） 　　(1)Tankfield once lent Pea a book. 　　(2)Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from the book. 　　先行词实际上是定语从句中介词的宾语，这时，需要把介词提前，避免如下表达： 　　(1)Tankfield once lent Pea a book, which Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from. (XXX) 　　(2)Tankfield once lent Pea a book that Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from. (XXX) 　　上中学的时候学过，which引导的定语从句叫“非限制性定语从句”，是不是？它怎么就“非限制性”了？回顾上述GMAT语法规定which有且仅有的两种用法，which指的都是就近的名词，从句其实还是限制性的。 　　所谓非限制性呢，是说which指逗号之前一套主谓所描述的情况，以逗号前的一个完整句为先行词。比如： 　　(1)Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea, which was rather sad. 　　(2)Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea, which Pea did not refuse to acknowledge to herself any more. 　　注意，这样的非限制性定语从句在GMAT语法中是不成立的，关于which，GMAT语法考试只认可上述两种限制性用法。那么，在GMAT语法考试规则范围内，用什么方法能够表达出原来学过的非限制性定语从句的意思来呢？ 　　分成两句或做出同位语来都是可以的，当然，需要先找出一个名词把原来非限制性定语从句的先行词（即那个完整的句子）概括出来。 　　一、分成两句 　　Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea. The fact was rather sad. 　　Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea. Pea did not refuse to acknowledge the fact to herself any more. 　　二、做同位语 　　Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea, the fact, rather sad,beingwhat Pea did not refuse to acknowledge to herself any more. 　　考题及答案解析： 　　[考题1] 　　Youcanfindwhateveryouneedattheshoppingcentre,____isalwaysbusyattheweekend. 　　A.thatB.whereC.whatD.which 　　[答案]D 　　[解析]引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰theshoppingcentre，应选用D选项中的关系代词which，which在该定语从句中充当主语。 　　[考题2] 　　York,____lastyear,isaniceoldcity.(2003北京) 　　A.thatIvisitedB.whichIvisited 　　C.whereIvisitedD.inwhichIvisited 　　[答案]B 　　[解析]引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰York，在定语从句中充当及物动词visit的宾语，应选用B选项中的关系代词which。 　　[考题3] 　　Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof____hadn"tbeencleanedforatleastayear. 　　A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which 　　[答案]D 　　[解析]引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰windows，在定语从句中充当介词of的宾语，应选用D选项中的关系代词which。 　　[考题4] 　　Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,____meantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.(2006江苏) 　　A.whoB.thatC.asD.which 　　[答案]D 　　[解析]引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰整个主句“theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning”所表示的情况，应选用C选项中的关系代词which，在该定语从句中充当主语。 　　[考题5] 　　Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,____,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy. 　　A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what 　　[答案]B 　　[解析]引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰整个主句“Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay”所表示的情况，应选用B选项中的关系代词which，在该定语从句中充当主语。 　　[考题6] 　　Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,____wehadn"texpected. 　　A.when B.thatC.whichD.what 　　[答案]C 　　[解析]引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰整个主句“theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood”所表示的情况，应选用C选项中的关系代词which，在该定语从句中充当及物动词expect的宾语。 　　[考题7] 　　TheEnglishplay____mystudentsactedattheNewYear"spartywasagreatsuccess. 　　A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich 　　[答案]C 　　[解析]表示“在英语剧中”应用介词in，因此在修饰先行词play的限定性定语从句中也应用介词in与指代先行词play的关系代词which连用，本题只能选C。注意：本题中which充当置于定语从句中最前面的介词in的宾语(inwhich在整个定语从句中充当状语)。 　　[考题8] 　　Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirection____shehadcome. 　　A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich 　　[答案]D 　　[解析]表示“从他来的方向跑回去”，应选用介词from。下划线处是引导修饰direction的`定语从句。 　　[考题9] 　　Frank"sdreamwastohavehisownshop____toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands. 　　A.thatB.inwhichC.bywhichD.how 　　[答案]B 　　[解析]题干句意为：Frank的梦想是拥有一家可以生产自己的手工制品的商店。inwhich相当于intheshop的含义，最适合引导定语从句。 　　[考题10] 　　Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst____Ireallyenjoyed. 　　A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which 　　[答案]B 　　[解析]ofwhich表示thefirstofthreebooks的含义，介词of不可以省略，that不可以紧跟介词后引导定语从句，因此应选B。 　　[考题11] 　　Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,____hewentontoCambridge. 　　A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis 　　[答案]C 　　[解析]this不能引导定语从句修饰前面的school，介词后的关系代词不能是that(“考点72：that引导的定语从句的用法”中将有此考点的具体介绍)，因此应排除选项B和D;由于此处which指代前面整个主句，全句意为“他在当地的一所语法学校接受教育之后，又去了剑桥。”，介词应选用after，因此应进一步排除选项A而选出C。 　　附：定语从句中的that和which用法区别 　　1、先行若是不定代，that就把which踹 　　春雨惊春清谷天，夏满芒夏暑相连，秋处露秋寒霜降，冬雪雪冬小大寒。上半年是六廿一，下半年来八廿三，每月两节日期定，最多相差一二天。当先行词为anything, everything, nothing, all, any, much, many, one等不定代词时，只能使用“that”, 不用“which”. 　　例：Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能给你做点什么吗？ 　　2、先行词前有两数，就用that定无误 　　当先行词是基数词或序数词修饰时，只能使用“that”, 不用“which”. 　　例句： 　　That is the second time that I have been to Japan. 　　那是我去日本的第二次。 　　The two buildings that lay on the River Thames fell down last week. 　　坐落在泰晤士河岸边的那两座大楼上星期倒塌了。 　　3、先行词前最高级，还用that必无疑 　　当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that”, 不用“which”. 　　例句： 　　This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had. 　　这是我度过的最美好的时光。 　　4、句中若有there be, that应把which替 　　例： 　　There is no evidence that animals possess a mysterious sixth-sense allowing them to predict natural disasters. 　　说动物拥有神秘的第六感，可以预知自然灾害，这是没有根据的。 　　5、先行主中做表语，避免重复从句里 　　例句： 　　1）This is not the hospital that it used to be. 　　这已经不再是以前那座医院了。 　　2）Mr Thomson is not the man that he was. 　　汤姆森先生已经不再是以前的他了。 　　解析：定语从句的先行词均在主句中做表语。 　　例句： 　　Which is the course that we are to take ? 　　我们要学哪门课？ 　　解析：句中已有which,后面不再用which,避免重复用that。 　　6、先行词前有just/the only/very/same/last等词，关系代词用that,不用which 　　例句： 　　1) The North Pole is the only place that you can see polar bears. 　　北极是唯一能见到北极熊的地方。 　　2）This is the same bike that he lost. 　　这就是他丢了的那辆自行车。 　　注意区分： 　　3) This is the same bike as he lost. 　　这辆自行车和他丢的那辆一样。（但不是） 　　which定语从句的用法 篇2 　　我们知道，as和which作为关系代词都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句所表达的内容，在从句中作主语或宾语，但它们在用法上有区别，这一点许多学生往往搞不清楚。现就它们引导非限制性定语从句的用法简述如下： 　　一、相同之处 　　当从句位于主句之后，引导词指代整个主句所表达的全部意义时，as和which可以互换。如： 　　The elephant is like a snake,as/which everybody can see. 　　大家都看得出，这头大象像条蛇。 　　A big earthquake occurred there last night,as/which was reported on TV. 　　据电视报道，昨夜那里发生了大地震。 　　She is from Shanghai,as/which I know from her accent. 　　她来自上海，那是我从她的口音知道的。 　　二、不同之处 　　1、as引导非限制性定语从句时，位置比较灵活，可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之中或之后;而which引导非限制定语从句只能位于主句之后，不能位于主句之前。如： 　　_______ is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth. 　　A.It B.As C.That D.Which 　　答案：B 　　_______ is mentioned above,the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing. 　　A.Which B.As C.That D.It 　　答案：B 　　Air,as we know,is a gas.众所周知，空气是一种气体。 　　He is very careful,as his work shows. 　　他的工作表现表明他非常谨慎。 　　as引导非限制性定语从句常有“如同......那样”的含义，因此在一些固定结构中，如： 　　as we know;as is known to all(众所周知) 　　as we all can see(正如我们大家都能看到的那样) 　　as has been said before/above(正如前面所述) 　　as has been pointed out(正如所指出的那样) 　　as might be imagined(可以想象得到) 　　as might be expected(正如所预料的那样) 　　as is often the case(情况通常是这样) 　　以上种种固定搭配，一般不能用which代替as。 　　2、搭配上，在由the same或such所修饰的名词后通常用as作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句。如： 　　I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 　　我遇到了与他一样的麻烦。 　　I"ve never heard of such a moving story as he is telling. 　　我从未听过像他讲得那么有趣的故事。 　　3、which引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，可以用and this代替，意思是“这件事”;as引导的从句主要起连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等。如： 　　He sold his new car,which surprised me. 　　=He sold his new car,and this serprised me. 　　Einstein,as we know,is a famous scientist. 　　我们都知道，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。 　　As is known to all,Taiwan is part of China. 　　众所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。 　　4、当which在从句中指代的是先行词本身而不是主句时，不可用as代替which。如： 　　The peach tree,which I planted last year,has not borne any fruit. 　　这棵桃树是我去年种下的，还没有结出任何果实。 　　The book,which I bought yesterday,is very instructive. 　　我昨天买的这本书很有教育意义。 　　5、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语，也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。如： 　　He married her,which was nature.(可用as代替which) 　　他和她结婚了，这是很自然的事。 　　She met the boy,which delighted her.(不可用as代替which) 　　她见到了那个男孩，这使得她很高兴。 　　He failed in the exam again,which made his parents very angry. 　　他考试有不及格了，这是他父母很生气。 　　6、as引导的从句在意义上不可与主语相悖，而which引导的从句则不受此限制。 　　Mum treats me like a baby,which I can"t bear. 　　妈妈把我当小孩看待，这是我不能忍受的。 　　which定语从句的用法 篇3 　　1. 当先行词为all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所构成的复合不定代词时。 　　如： 　　Please tell me anything that you know about the matter. 　　有关此事，凡是你所知道的请告诉我。 　　2. 当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等词修饰时。 　　如：You can take any seat that is free. 　　任何空着的座位你都可以坐。 　　3. 当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时。 　　如： 　　This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term. 　　这是我们校本学期放映的第四部电影。 　　4. 当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 　　如： 　　This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read. 　　这是我读过的一本最有趣的故事书。 　　5. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时。 　　如： 　　The only thing that we could do was to wait. 　　我们唯一能做的事就是等待。 　　注意：先行词被the same修饰时，关系代词也可用as。 　　如：I need the same book that / as you have. 　　我需要有你一样的书。 　　6. 当先行词既包含人又包含物时。 　　如： They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them. 　　他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的女英雄及她们的事迹。 　　7. 当先行词是疑问代词who，which，what或主句以这些词开头时。 　　如： 　　Who that has ever worked together with him doesn"t admire him? 　　曾经和他一起工作过的谁不钦佩他？ 　　8. 当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。 　　如： 　　Our school is no longer the place that it used to be. 　　我们的学校现在已不是过去的那个样子了。 　　9. 先行词为time时，当time表示次数，引导词用that, 可省略。 当表示时间，可用that或when引导，都可省略。 　　如： 　　I did"t remember the exact time （when/that） I arrived in Shanghai last month. 　　我不记得上个月到达上海的确切时间了。 　　最后，请注意以下几种只能使用which的情况: 　　1. 在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词必须用which。 　　如： 　　This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 　　这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。 　　注意： 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首， which就可换为that，例如： 　　This is the question which/that we"ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we"ve had so much discussion. 　　这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。 　　2. 先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时， 关系代词通常只用which而不用that。 　　如：You should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work. 　　你应该掌握好这些可以用到未来工作中的技能。 　　最后，记得这个特殊情况吧：当先行词是表示原因或方式的名词时，可以用that引导定语从句，相当于介词+which，that可以省略。 　　如： 　　He didn"t like the way that (=in which) she speaks to his mother. 　　他不喜欢她对他的母亲那样说话。 　　Imagine the speed that (=at which) he drives the car. 　　很难想象，他开车开得那么快。

它可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，表语和宾语，在限制性定语从句中作宾语可以省略，但介词＋which时不能省略。

which引导定语从句的时候，在从句中作主语，宾语或是表语。这个句子的先行词是place，which代place在从句中作want to的宾语。where引导定语从句的时候，在从句中作地点状语，where=介词+which。如：I grew up in the small village where I was born. （where引导定语从句，先行词是village,且在从句中作地点状语）I grew up in the small village which I was born in.（which引导定语从句，先行词是village,且在从句中作in的宾语）I grew up where I was born.（where引导地点状语从句，且在从句中作地点状语）

在定语从句中,which 和that 在指代事物时,一般可以互换使用,但并非在任何情况下都是这样,几种宜用that,而不宜用which 的情况如下：①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等,1.We should do all that is useful to the people .2.There"s nothing that can be said about it .3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?②先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时.1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.2.That"s the very word that is wrongly used.The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free.I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them.比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时.1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时.1.This is the best that can be done now.2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.⑤先行词既有人又有物,用which和who都不适合,这时宜用that. 如：1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.⑥被修饰词为数词时. 1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .⑦如果有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑧疑问词是who或which,关系代词宜用that,以避免重复.1. Which is the book that you like best?2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?⑨主句是There be 结构,修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如：1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.⑩被修饰成分为表语时,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that . 1. That"s a good book that will help you a lot.2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况:①当关系代词的前面有介词时. 1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?②在非限制性定语从句中. 1.Crusoe"s dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. (which指代主句)③在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which 1. Let me show you the novel,that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 2. At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.④当关系代词后面带有插入语时. 1. Here"s the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.⑤先行词本身是that, 宜用which . What"s that which she is looking at?⑥先行词是those+复数名词. A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.

做定于吧。。

which后面跟东西where后面跟地点

which与that两者都可指物,常可互换.其区别主要在于：1.引导非限制性定语从句时,通常要用which.如：She received an invitation from her boss,which came as a surprise.她收到了老板的邀请,这是她意想不到的.2.直接放在介词后作宾语时,通常要用which.如：The tool with which he is working is called a hammer.他干活用的那个工具叫做锤子.3.much,little,none,all,few,every(thing),any(thing),no(thing) 等时,通常用that.如：There was little that the enemy could do but surrender.敌人无法,只有投降了.All [Everything] that can be done must be done.凡能that can be done must be done.4.当先行词有the very,the only,the same 等修饰时,通常用that.如：This is the only example that I know.我知道的例子只有这一个.Those are the very words that he used.那是他的原话.5.当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last,next等)等修饰时,通常用that.如：.如：This is the best dictionary that I"ve ever used.这是我用过的最好的词典.The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan.你应该做的第一件事是订个计划.6.当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时,通常用that.如：China is not the country (that) it was.中国已不是过去的中国了.7.当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时,通常用that.如：They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them.他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事.他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事.8.当要避免重复时.如：Which is the course that we are to take?我们选哪门课程?

从句中缺主语，那引导词就是代表主语，从句中缺宾语，那引导词就是宾语。

where 是副词 前面不能有 介词 which 前面可以加上介词 有时候 加上介词的 which 相当于where

　 　定语从句which意思 　　which是定语从句的关系代词之一。GMAT语法考试限定，which有且仅有两种用法。 　　一，which前面有逗号，逗号前面是个名词，which就近指代那个名词。 　　(1) Tankfield emailed Pea some photos, which did not cheer Pea up. 　　which就近指代photos，定语从句中谓语动词did not cheer (Pea up)的发出者即从句主语即先行词photos，是photos没让豌豆家属高兴起来。 　　(2) Tankfield emailed Pea some photos, which Pea did not find interesting. 　　which就近指代photos，photos是定语从句中的宾语，把定语从句还原成一个完整句就是Pea did not find the photos interesting. 　　可以看到，上面两个句子都可以以that为关系代词改写，即 　　(1)" Tankfield emailed Pea some photos that did not cheer Pea up. 　　(2)" Tankfield emailed Pea some photos that Pea did not find interesting. 　　改写与原版区别在哪儿?就在一个逗号。which前面是名词，名词和which之间没逗号的，在GMAT语法里算错。 　　二，which前面是介词，介词前面是名词，which就近指代介词前的那个名词，名词和介词之间有无逗号均可。 　　Tankfield once lent Pea a book from which Pea glimpsed the basics of genes. 　　这个句子可以“拆”成如下两句：(每个定语从句都可以拆成两句，以先行词为拆分点) 　　Tankfield once lent Pea a book. Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from the book. 　　先行词实际上是定语从句中介词的宾语，这时，需要把介词提前，避免如下表达： 　　Tankfield once lent Pea a book, which Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from. (XXX) 　　Tankfield once lent Pea a book that Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from. (XXX) 　　 以 下几种只能使用which的情况 　　1. 在“介词+关系代词”结构中，关系代词必须用which。 　　如： The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。 　　This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。 　　注意： 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首， which就可换为that， 例如： This is the question which/that we"ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we"ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的`问题。 　　2. 先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时， 关系代词通常只用which而不用that。 　　如：you should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work. 　　最后，记得这个特殊情况吧：当先行词是表示原因或方式的名词时，可以用that引导定语从句，相当于介词+which，that可以省略。 　　如： She likes the child for the very reason that (=for which) she loves his father. 她喜欢那个孩子因为她爱着孩子的父亲。 　　He didn"t like the way that (=in which) she speaks to his mother. 他不喜欢她对他的母亲那样说话。 　　Imagine the speed that (=at which) he drives the car. 很难想象，他开车开得那么快。 　　The reason (that /for which /why) he came here was to ask for our help.他来这里的原因是寻求我们的帮助。 　　 高中英语定语从句学习方法 　　方法1、要注意关系代词的选用。首先记住几个大原则，譬如whothat引导人的从句，thatwhich引导物的从句whose表示所属关系。其次还要注意在某些场合下关系代词的固定使用，譬如先行词中有人有物要用that，这些情况等等。值得一提的是，what无论如何不能引导定语从句。 　　方法2、要注意从句中动词的类别。这主要是说看看这个动词是及物还是不及物。在不及物动词的情况下，要记住带上固有的介词。还要注意这个介词放置的位置，可以提前到关系代词前，也可以紧跟在动词之后。这种情况是考试最爱考的，其中涉及到动词与介词的固定搭配，句子理解与分析，是热点难点。 　　方法3、在熟练掌握定语从句的情况时，要注意省略关系代词和使用分词结构来代替从句。

　　现如今，英语也是非常重要的语言，下面是我收集整理的用which造句定语从句，希望大家喜欢。 　　which 　　指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略 　　(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 　　(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 　　关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导 　　(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. 　　(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous. 　　(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. 　　(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. 　　(5) We"ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. 　　(6) We"ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 　　附：英语学习之as, which 非限定性定语 　　由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。Aswhich在句中。 　　As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. 　　The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 　　典型例题 　　1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise. 　　A. it B. that C. whichD. he 　　答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。 　　2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. 　　A. what B. which C. that D. it 　　答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。 　　3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.. 　　A. that B. whichC. as D. it 　　答案B. 　　as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点： 　　as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。 　　拓展 　　1、A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. 　　商店应存有最畅销的`货物。 　　2、This is the family which is planning to move to the city 　　这是要搬进城里的一家。 　　3、This is a reason which we must not forget. 　　这是我们不能忘记的一个原因。 　　4、When deep in thought, which he often was, he would forget all around him. 　　他常常陷入沉思，这时他就会忘掉周围的一切。 　　5、He bought a book, which was written by LuXun, and which he decided to give to his friend. 　　他买了本鲁迅写的书，他决定送给朋友。

这几个词都可以引导定语从句，that什么时候都可以用。who,whose,whom区别主要在于它的意思上，who表示谁在从句中做主语，whom是它的宾格，在从句中做宾语，whose是谁的，它所代替的应该是一个物主代词或有名词所有格，例如：The girl who helps me is my sister.who做的是help的主语； The girl whom I help is my sister.whom 做的是help 的宾语；The girl whose bag is red is my sister.whose 代替的是the girl"s.The woman who (that) is speaking to my teacher is my mother.The woman whom my teacher is talking with is my mother.The woman whose girl is my classmate is my teacher.

定语从句：定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有：when,where,why等。题目答案which,这是定语从句what,这是表语从句that,主语从句what,还是主语从句,因为what=allthat

which可以引导定语从句， 修饰表示事物的先行词， 在定语从句中充当主语、 宾语或者表语。例如： He was reading a book, which was about war. 他正在读一本关于战争的书。（关系代词which在修饰book的定语从句中充当主语。） He was reading a book, which he had bought from London. 他正在读一本书， 这本书是从伦敦买回来的。（关系代词which在修饰book的定语从句中充当宾语。） （1）在非限定性定语从句中，只宜用which, 不宜用that.（非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解，在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如若将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，起前后都需要用逗号隔开。翻译成人类的语言就是：有逗号的句子…）例句：Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city.（2）在限定性定语（就是正常的句子）从句中which和that在指代物的时候常常可以通用，但是有时只宜用which而不用that 。 关系代词前面有介词的时候 （也就是说，有介词就不能用that) 例句：This is the hotel in which you will stay. （3）"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句关系代词(基本上除了when, where, why, how以外都叫关系代词……）whom, which在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间;当先行词指人时,介词后的关系代词用whom, 其余用which,这时的关系代词不能省略。含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在动词的后面。例句：his is the book (which / that) I"m looking for. 这就是我在找的那本书。在这类定语从句中,介词的选择一般根据动词的需要。例如 This is the house in which my family lived during the war.这个句子中从句"which my family lived"中的动词是live,你不能说livehouse吧,只能说live in house,这里live和in搭配所以which前就要家in.（4）所以说你想要知道到底which前用不用加介词和加什么介词主要有两点:1是你要看这个从句缺不缺介词,2是要看动词与介词的固定搭配,这就是要背的了.例句：This is the girl which I like.这句就不缺介词,你可以把句子反过来看看通不通顺.反过来就是I like this girl.这个句子是对的,不缺成分,那么它也就不用加介词.This is the question about which I always think.这句就是think about 这个词组的搭配了。一般考试会出现的就是live in, think about, hold on 之类的了.

定语从句中只能用which，不能用that的几种情况：1、 在介词后面的关系代词用which而不能用that。即“介词+which（代物）” 。2、 在非限定性定语从句中用which，不能用that。3、有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已有which，另一个宜用that。相反，如果其中一个为that，另一个宜用which。4、描述句中一般用which。5、those +复数名词之后，多用which 。6、which用作疑问代词时，在特殊疑问句中用作宾语或主语。7、which用作关系代词，可引导限制性定语从句或非限制性定语从句。8、引导非限制性定语从句时which可以用整个主句作为其前行词，相当于and that，有时还可引导不定式短语从句。系词的选择主要涉及以下因素：1、先行词是人还是事物。2、关系词在关系从句中的句法功能。3、关系从句是限制性的还是非限制性的。4、是口语还是书面语。

　　关系代词 which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语，既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。下面就进行归纳总结： 　　1. 引导限制性定语从句 　　A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. 商店应存有最畅销的货物。 　　This is the family which is planning to move to the party. 这是要搬进城里的一家。 　　2. 引导非限制性定语从句。 　　（ 1 ）用来指代一个句子。 　　Internet is so interesting, which makes all possible happen. 因特网是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能发生。 　　（ 2 ）用来指代句子的一部分。 　　When deep in thought, which he often was, he would forget all around him. 他常常陷入沉思，这时他就会忘掉周围的一切。 　　（ 3 ）如果要引导两个非限制性定语从句，第二个 which 前要加 and. 　　He bought a book, which was written by LuXun, and which he decided to give to his friend. 　　他买了本鲁迅写的书，他决定送给朋友。 　　3. 名词＋ of ＋ which （＝ of which ＋名词＝ whose + 名词）通常放在先行词的后面。 　　I"d like a room the window of which looks out over the sea. / I"d like a room of which the window looks out over the sea. / I"d like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 　　我要一间窗户面临大海的房间。 　 　4. 介词＋ which 的替代作用。 　　（ 1 ）作时间状语替代 when 。 　　There used to be a time at which / during which （ = when ） the Chinese people struggled for freedom. 　　中国人曾有一段为自由而斗争的日子。 　　（ 2 ）作地点状语替代 where 。 　　This is the office in which （ = where ） I used to work. 这是我过去工作过的办公室。 　　（ 3 ）作原因状语替代 why 。 　　I"d like you to explain the reason for which （＝ why ） you were absent. 我想让你解释一下缺席的原因。 （ 4 ）作方式状语替代 that 或省略。 　　There are many ways in which （＝ that / 省略） we can solve the problem. 解决这个问题有很多方法。 　　5. which, when, where 关系词的选择。 　　关系副词 when 与 where 用于引导定语从句时，往往修饰句中表示地点或时间的名词。但是，有时候在表示时间或地点的名词后面却不能用 when 或 where ，而该用 which 或 that 。 　　Is this the factory which / that produces all kinds of washing machines? （ which / that 在定语从句中作主语，指代前面的 the factory ）这就是生产各种洗衣机的那家工厂吗？ 　　I often think of the days which / that we spent together on the seaside. （ which / that 在定语从句中作宾语，指代 the days ，此时可省略。）我经常想起我们一起在海滩度过的日子。 　　The river where I used to swim is now seriously polluted. 　　（ where 在定语从句中作状语， where = in which = in the river ）我过去常去游泳的那条河现在已被严重地污染了。 　　I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 　　（ when 在定语从句中作状语， when = on which = on the day ）我仍然记得我第一次来北京的日子。 　　总结：在表示时间或地点的名词后面，选择何种关系词，应看它们在从句中的作用，即在从句中充当什么成份。如果在定语从句中充当时间或地点状语，就该用 when 或 where ；如果在定语从句中充当主语或宾语等，则应用 which / that 。 　　6. 引导非限制性定语从句关系代词 which, as 的选择。 　　关系代词 as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句时可以用整个句子作为先行词，指代上文或下文所说的一件事。 　　He said he"d been working in the office for an hour, which / as was true. 他说他一直在办公室工作了一个小时，这是真的。 总结： 　　（ 1 ） Which 指前面主句所提到的"这件事，常译为“这件事，这一点”等； as 具有“正如、像、由而知、与一致”的意思。 　　He was elected mayor of the city, which made us happy. 他被选为这个市的市长，这使我们很高兴。 　　As we expected, he didn"t appear at the party. 正如我们所预料，他没有在聚会上出现。 　　（ 2 ） Which 在句法上一般用作实义动词的主语，这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系；句法上， as 常作一些实义动词（如 see, know, report, watch, remember, say, tell, show, expert, guess 等）的宾语。 　　I bought my sister a big toy, which （ = and that ） delighted her greatly. 我给妹妹买了一个大玩具，这使她非常高兴。 　　As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 众所周知，月球每个月环绕地球运行一次。 　　（ 3 ） which 引导的非限定性定语从句位置比较固定，通常位于句末，不可移至句首；而 as 所引导的非限定性定语从句的位置比较灵活，可以位于句末，也可以位于句首或句中。 Taiwan is a beautiful island, as （＝ which ） we know. 正如我们所知，台湾是一个美丽的岛屿。 　　As （不用 Which ） he realized, I was very useful to him. 他意识到我对他很有用。 　　Mary, as we had expected, passed the exam. 正如我们所预料， Mary 通过了考试。 　　（ 4 ）当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或从句谓语动词接了一个复合宾语结构时，一般用 which 而不用 as 。 　　He pretended not to know me, which I didn"t understand. 他假装不认识我，我真不明白为什么。 　　He admires everyone in the class, which I find quite strange. 他羡慕班里的每个学生，我觉得很奇怪。 　　（ 5 ）不能省去非限定性定语从句中的 be 动词时，用 which （反之则用 as ）。 　　Jane told me she won the match, which was a lie. 简告诉我她赢得了比赛，这是谎话。（ was 不可省略） As (was)planned, we met at the airport. 　　正如计划那样，我们在飞机场见面了。（ was 可省略）

　　定语从句whose用法 篇1 　　定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 　　关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 　　关系副词有：when, where, why等。 　　关系代词引导的定语从句 　　关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 　　1.who, whom, that 　　这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： 　　Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 　　他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） 　　He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 　　他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 　　2. Whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如： 　　They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 　　Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 　　3 .whose用作关系代词时，它并不表示谁的，而是表示的，在具体语境需要灵活处理。如： 　　He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的人。 　　The boys whose names were called stood up. 叫到名字的男孩们站了起来。 　　You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. 你是惟一可能使他听从劝告的人。 　　4 . 不要以为whose引导定语从句时，其先行词一定是指人的名词，其实也可以是指事物(包括动物)的名词。如： 　　It was an island whose name I have forgotten. 这是一座岛，名字我忘了。 　　Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon cooperation. 狼是高度群体化的.动物，它们的成功依赖于合作。 　　5. whose 不仅可以引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。如： 　　My bitch, whose temper is very uncertain, often bites the judges at dog shows. 我的母狗脾气不稳定，常常在狗展上咬裁判。 　　One of the Britons, whose identity has not been revealed, was taken to hospital. 其中一位英国人被送往医院。他的身份还没有透露。 　　定语从句whose用法 篇2 　　whose在从句中作定语,后面必须有名词；who作主语或宾语。 　　The book （whose cover is blue） is mine.封皮是蓝色的那本书是我的。 　　The man who is in white is my father.穿白色衣服的那个人是我爸爸。（主语） 　　The man who/whom you talked to just now is my father.刚才跟你说话的那个人时我爸爸。（宾语） 　　The man to whom you talked just now is my father.(句中whom不可用who,两个都可做宾语,但前面有介词时不能用who,只能用whom.）

1、whose为who的所有格，作“某（些）人的??”解，它所指代的先行词必须是人，其引导的定语从句修饰它的先行词，同时它本身在从句中作定语。This is the little girl whoseparents were killed in the great earthquake。这就是在那次大地震中失去双亲的那个小姑娘。2、whose也可作which的所有格，作“某（些）物的??”解，它所指代的先行词必须是物，其语法功能同上。The company whose name was Notcowas in Australia。那个名叫诺特可的公司设在澳大利亚3、whose可修饰定语从句中的主语、宾语、介词宾语等不同成分。Mr King，whoselegs were badly hurt，was quickly taken to hospital。金先生的腿受了重伤，很快就被送往医院。（whose修饰定语从句中的主语legs）We shall have to make a decisionabout Ms King，whose story I‘ve just told you。关于金女士的情况，我刚才已经告诉你们了，我们得对她的事情作出决定。（whose修饰定语从句中的宾语 story）4、whose既可引导限制性定语从句，亦可引导非限制性定语从句。The boss in whose department MrKing worked called at the hospital。金先生工作单位的老板到医院来探视。（限制性定语从句）5、由于whose具有兼作who和 which的所有格的双重功能，故在指人时可用of whom代替whose，指物时可用ofwhich代替whose。This kind of book is for childrenwhose native language（=the native language of whom）is Chinese。这种书是给母语是汉语的儿童看的。扩展资料：下列情况中的whose和of whom或ofwhich切不可混用：1、凡是ofwhom或of which同数词或代词（如some，many，little等）连用表示部分与整体关系时，通常不可用 whose。There are 45 students in ourclass，35of whom are League members。我们班有45名学生，其中35名是团员。2、凡是of whom或of which修饰定语从句中的主语，是表示同位关系的代词both，all等时，切不可用whose。I have two sons，both of whom serve in the army。我有两个儿子，都在部队服役。

关系代词whose引导定语从句时，既可指人，又可指物。关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即whose+名词＝the+名词＋of which/whom=of which/whom the+名词。1、whose用作关系代词时，它并不表示“谁的”，而是表示“……的……”，在具体语境中需要灵活处理。He is the man whose car was stolen.他就是汽车被窃的人。2、不要以为whose引导定语从句时，其先行词一定是指人，其实也可以是指事物（包括动物）的名词。It was an island whose name I have forgotten.这是一座岛，名字我忘了。3、Whose不仅可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。One of the Britons,whose identity has not been revealed,was taken to hospital.其中一位英国人被送往医院，他的身份还没有透露。4、引导定语从句的“whose+名词”有时可以换成其他结构，注意词序的变化。The house whose windows are broken is empty.破了窗户的那座房子是空的。5、根据语境需要，whose前可以使用语义需要的介词。I wish to thank Professor Smith,without whose help I would never have got this far.我要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我不会走到今天这一步。

whoes是谁的。who是谁。两者做定语从句的时候。whoes代指的是东西。who是代指的人。

whose在定语从句中的用法如下：一、WHOSE也可以引定语从句，它相当于前面说的关系代词的所有格形式。例句如下：1、She has an uncle.His name is Peter.=She has an uncle whose name is Peter.2、I like that house.Its location is good to me.=I like that house whose location is good to me.二、WHOSE引定语从句的三原则：1、whose前要有先行词。2、whose后的名词要做定语从句的主语或宾语。3、否则whose前应有介词，且该介词也可移至定语从句的句尾。4、以上可知whose引导定语从句的用法和其他关系代词的用法相似。三、例句如下：1、I hate John,whose words are seldom true.（本句中，whose words前有先行词John，且本身做定语从句的主语。）2、I hate John,whose words I have no trust.（错）（本句虽有先行词，但whose words无法直接做trust的宾语，所以要稍加改正。）改正：I hate John,whose words I seldom trust in.（对）四、whose在从句中作定语后面必须有名词；who作主语或宾语。whose在定语从句的用法举例如下：1、The book ( whose cover is blue ) is mine.封皮是色的那本书是我的。2、The man who is in white is my father.穿白色衣服的那个人是我爸爸。（主语）3、The man who/whom you talked to just now is my father.刚才跟你说话的那个人时我爸爸。（宾语）4、The man to whom you talked just now is my father.（句中whom不可用who，两个都可做宾语，但前面有介词时不能用who，只能用whom。）

在定语从句里，whose+名词=the+名词+of which/whomof whose的使用非常少见，举个例子:Do you know the man of whose company the manager was murdered last night?of whose 在这里相当于一个提前，等同于the manager of whose company. 不理解的地方可以再问我(^_^)

whose 表示的是所属关系

　　whose在定语从句的用法1 　　WHOSE也可以引导定语从句，它相当于前面说的关系代词的所有格形式。 　　例：She has an uncle . His name is Peter. 　　=She has an uncle whose name is Peter. 　　I like that house . Its location is good to me. 　　=I like that house whose location is good to me. 　　"WHOSE"引导定语从句的三原则: 　　a. whose 前要有先行词 　　b. whose 后的名词要做定语从句的主语或宾语 　　c. 否则whose前应有介词，且该介词也可移至定语从句的.句尾 　　以上可知whose引导定语从句的用法和其他关系代词的用法相似。 　　例：I hate John,whose words are seldom true.(本句中，whose words 前有先行词John，且本身做定语从句的主语) 　　I hate John,whose words I have no trust.(错) (本句虽有先行词,但whose words 无法直接做trust的宾语，所以要稍加改正) 　　改正:I hate John,whose words I seldom trust in.(对) 　　附一：关系代词引导的定语从句 　　关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 　　1、who指人，在从句中做主语 　　The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 　　2、whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 　　Mr. Liu is the person (whom)you talked about on the bus. 　　【注意】关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 　　The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 　　3、which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 　　Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 　　4、that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 　　The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. 　　5、whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 　　He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 　　whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替： 　　The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. 　　=The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired. 　　Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? 　　=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 　　（注意：the + 名词 + of which/whom常考！） 　　附二：介词+关系代词whom/which引导的定语从句（重点） 　　关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导： 　　The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. 　　=The school in which he once studied is very famous. 　　【注意】 　　1、含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等 　　（1）This is the watch which/that I am lookingfor.(T) 　　（2）This is the watch for which I amlooking. (F) 　　2、若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose 　　（1）The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T) 　　（2）The man who/that you talked with is my friend.(F) 　　3、“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most,each, few等代词或者数词，构成some of which/whom等类似结构引导的定语从句。(重点：常考！) 　　（1）He loved his parents deeply, of whom both are very kind to him. 　　（2）In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 　　（3）There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 　　在特定语境中，可以用“介词+ whose/where”引导定语从句 　　The boss in whose department Ms King once worked is a kind man. 　　whose在定语从句的用法2 　　whose在从句中作定语,后面必须有名词；who作主语或宾语. 　　The book （whose cover is blue） is mine.封皮是蓝色的那本书是我的. 　　The man who is in white is my father.穿白色衣服的那个人是我爸爸.（主语） 　　The man who/whom you talked to just now is my father.刚才跟你说话的那个人时我爸爸.（宾语） 　　The man to whom you talked just now is my father.(句中whom不可用who,两个都可做宾语,但前面有介词时不能用who,只能用whom.）

如果题目是挖空了让你填 关于whose有个很好的判断方法:就是看你的空后是不是个名词，如果是就可以填whose了，表示先行词与后面的名词是修饰限定的关系。如，They rushed over to help the man _____ car had broken down. 这时候空后就是个名词"car",所以表示先行词"the man"与"car"的修饰限定关系，填"whose"

【四】定语从句：修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。由于在句中的作用相当于形容词，故也称为形容词性从句。定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。限制性定语从句对被修饰词起到限制、修饰的作用，一般不可缺少。非限制性定语从句起补充、附带说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。一.限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句对被修饰词起到限制、修饰的作用，一般不可缺少。1.由关系代词引导定语从句：关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which, as等（在句中作主、表、宾、定等成分）1. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略。e.g. The classroom that is on the fourth floor is poorly equipped. 2. 关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时，常可省略。e.g. This is the girl with whom he works.In this earthquake, the number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250,000.I have many good friends to whom I am going to send postcards.You"re the only person whose advice he might listen to.The river which runs through the center of the city brings us a lot of pleasure.He has given us as much advice as he can.【例】The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.【例】The service about which the students complain a lot should be improved.【例】He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books.【例】It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago.【例】The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.The man (who/that/whom) you talk to just now is a famous runner.【例】The service (which/that) the students complain about a lot should be improved.He is a library assistant (whom/that/who) I borrowed some books from.【例】It is a famous school (which/that) he graduated from 3 years ago.【例】The chair (which/that) he is sitting on now is made of wood.有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不提前：【例】He is the student (who/whom/that) the teachers are looking for.【例】The number of the children (who/whom/that) she takes care of is 3【知识点5】注意复杂介词短语+which或whom引导的定语从句，是高考考查热点。【例】They finally climbed up the mountain, on top of which many strange birds were seen.【例】Look at the photo. This is Mr. Green, in front of whom sit three students.不定代词+of+ which/ whom 引导的定语从句可化为of+ which/ whom+ 不定代词 结构；这也是高考常考点。其中用到的不定代词有some, any, none, both, all, many, a few, few, a little, little, either, neither, one, 等等。【例】There are 40 students in our class, most of whom（=of whom most）like English.【例】These are books written by Mark Twain, one of which（=of which one）was read to me by my father【例】She has two sons, neither of whom（=of whom neither）is a teacher.【例】She has many books, none of which(=of which none) is interesting.关系代词whose+名词 引导的定语从句可转化为 the+名词+of+ which / whom 或 of+ which/whom+ the +名词结构；of 表所属关系。【例】I live in a room whose windows are all broken.=I live in a room of which the windows are all broken.= I live in a room the windows of which are all broken.【例】This is my teacher whose handwriting is excellent.= This is my teacher the handwriting of whom is excellent.= This is my teacher of whom the handwriting is excellent.由介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，当主从句主语一致时，定语从句可缩略为：介词+ which/whom+ to do 结构。【例】I have a small room in which I live in.=I have a small room in which to live.=I have a small room to live in.【例】He has a good friend to whom he can turn for help.=He has a good friend to whom to turn for help.=He has a good friend to turn to for help.介词后不一定只能接关系代词，可能会接关系副词，主要取决于介词及句子意思。【例】He used to live in London, from where he came from.【例】He graduated from Beijing University in 1988, since when he has improved himself in all aspects.4. 只用that，不用which的情况：a. 当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；b. 当先行词前有the only, the very, the last等词修饰时；c. 当先行词为anything, nothing, something, everything, all, little, much等不定代词修饰时；d. 当先行词前有all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等词修饰时；e. It is 句型中的引导定语从句时。只用which，不用that的情况：a. 引导非限制性定语从句时；b. 引导词前有介词时；c. 一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用that引导，另一个用which引导； e.g. He bought a book that could give him much knowledge and which could help him to kill the time.. 当those作为先行词指人时，通常只能用who引导；7. as 从句的先行词是the same, such, 或被他们所修饰；多用于表示肯定意义的从句中，不用于表否定意义的从句中。 e.g. Many of the sports are the same as they were when they started. The result was not such as he expected. It was raining hard, which(as) was unexpected.8. 介词+关系代词要根据a. 谓语动词的固定搭配 e.g. This is the evidence with which the case is connected.b. 先行词 e.g. I"ll never forget the day on whichwhen I joined the party.. 句子表达的意思 e.g. The boss in whose department Mr King worked got sacked.d. 在非限制性定语从句中，名词代词+of+whichwhom表示整体与部分的关系 e.g. The workers, some of whom stayed for four years, came from different countries.e. 介词的位置一般放在关系代词之前，有时也可放在从句中原来的位置上。 e.g. We did it in the same way in which he didwhich he did in.That 作为关联词可以当作关系副词用e.g. This is the house in which Louis XIII lived. This is the house that Louis XIII lived. This is the house where Louis XIII lived. This is house which Louis XIII lived in. This is the house Louis XIII lived in.　My brother who is very clever studies chemistry all by himself. 使用定语从句勿滥！可以使用单个形容词，或较短的非谓语动词结构的，尽量使用简略些的方式。使句子读起来更顺口！Potato can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.I don"t like the way (that) you treat us.1. of表示同位关系：即用于在A+of+B结构，其中的A和B为同位关系。如：Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week. 她的两个儿子，都在国外工作，他们每周都给她打电话来。He has three daughters and three of ______ all graduated from BejingUniversityA. them ; B whom; C whose ; D thatHe has three daughter , three of _______all graduated fromBejingUniversityA. them ; B whom; C whose ; D thatWe"ve tested three hundred types of boots, none of which is completely waterproof. 我们已经测试过300种靴子，没有一种是完全防水的。2. of表示整体与部分的关系：即用于“部分+of+整体(which, whom)”结构。如：He went with a group of people, few of whom were correctly equipped for such a climb. 他和一队人一起去了，其中没有几个人配有进行这样一次登山的适当装备。The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。I met the fruit-pickers, several of whom were university students. 我遇到了摘水果的人们，其中有几个人是大学生。3. of表示所属关系：即of用于构成所有格。如：He"s written a book the name of which I"ve forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我给忘了。The house the roof of which was damaged has now been repaired. 那幢屋顶被损坏的房子现在已经修好了。4. of与其他的词构成固定搭配：即of与从句中的某个词语构成固定搭配。如：He"s married to a singer of whom you may have heard. 他与一位歌唱家结了婚，你可能听说过这个人。(介词of与动词hear构成固定搭配，意为“听说”)注意：介词of后面除接关系代词which, whom外，有时也可能是whose。如：She had a teddy-bear, both of whose eyes were missing. 她有一个玩具熊，它的两只眼睛都丢了。which特殊用法大家都知道which引导定语从句时，在从句中主要作主语和宾语，若要作定语时，一般要用whose引导。一般用法：【which作主语】：Did you see the letter which came today? 你看到今天来的那封信了吗？【which作宾语】：This is the book which I told you about. 这就是我跟你说过的那本书。【whose作定语】：We looked at the tower whose spire was golden. 我们望着塔尖是金黄色的那座塔。(= We looked at the tower the spire of which was golden.)典型题：The latest model of this lap-top, ______ appearance remains unchanged, works much faster than the old one. （潍坊市二轮验收）A. though B. which C. of which D. whose答案：D。考查非限制性定语从句。引导词在从句中作定语，因此选whose。The latest model of this lap-top, whose appearance remains unchanged, works much faster than the old one.= The latest model of this lap-top, the appearance of which remains unchanged, works much faster than the old one.【which特殊用法】1：※但有时which也可作定语，这种情况很特殊，要特别关注。I may have to go into hospital, in which case I won"t be going on holiday.我可能要住院，如果那样我就不去度假了。She may have missed the train, in which case she won"t arrive for another hour.她可能没有赶上火车，那样再过一个小时她也到不了。Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.汤姆读了四年大学，在此期间他学了法语。I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologize.我叫他叫错了名，我为此道歉。典型题：She may have missed the train, ______ she won"t arrive before 5 o"clock.A. in that case B. in which case C. in case that D. in case which 答案：B。【which特殊用法】2：※有时which引导定语从句，在从句中作表语。Her sister has become a lawyer, ______she wanted to be. A. who B. that C. what D. which答案：D。本题考查which在定语从句中作表语的用法。（2005年高考湖北卷）考查定语从句与名词性从句。本题C项干扰最大。※句中逗号前后是两个句子，这就要求填上一个词之后能使后边这个句子成为一个从句。根据句意，这是一个非限制性定语从句而不是名词性从句，因此C项what排除。若把题干改为：Her sister has become a lawyer. And that is she wanted to be.这时应选what。what可以引导名词性从句，但不能引导定语从句。※关系代词which在这里引导非限定定语从句并在句中作表语，故选D。that则不能引导非限制性定语从句，排除B项。who可以引导非限制性定语从句，但先行词a lawyer在这里指的是一种职业，所以A项不对。whose 与 of which 的区别 我们经常可以看到引导定语从句的关系代词 whose 与 of which 相互替代。那么是不是在任何情况下二者都可以互相替换呢 ? 它们之间的区别是什么 ? 1 . 形式不同。如： The house _______ windows face south is our reading - room . A . of which B . whose C . which D . its 此题正确答案是B，不能选择A。选择 of which 时应在名词前加上定冠词 the，也就是说如果名词前有 the 就只能用 of which。如果名词前没有冠词，就用 whose。如上句题干改为：The house _______ the windows face south is our reading-room . 此题就只能选择答案A而不能选择B了。 2 . whose 即可以指人，又可以指物，而 of which 只能用来指物。如： The boss in whose department looked down upon women . The house whose roof was damaged now has been repaired . 上面第一句不可用 of which 来改写，第二句可以。可写成：The house of which the roof was damaged has now has been repaired . 3 . of which 除了可以表示所属关系外，还可以用来表示整体的关系，而 whose 则不能。 He borrowed a book of which the author was a peasant . InBarcelonathe Chinese team got 16 gold medals , of which 12 were won by women . 第一句中的 of which 就可以用 whose 来代替。因为这个句子中 of 是用来表示所属关系。可改写成：He borrowed a book whose author was a peasant。而第二句中的 of which 就不要用 whose 来替。因为这个句子中的 of 不是表示所属关系，而是表示整体与部分的关系。 4 . 引导非限制性定语从句多用 whose，而很少用表示所属关系的介词 of 加上关系代词 which。如： There is a mysterious lake at the foot the hill , whose depth has never been measured . 山脚下有个神秘的湖，其深度从未测量过。 如介词 of 不表示所属关系，而是用来表示整体与部分的关系。此时就经常引导非限制性定语从句了。如； There are 102 elements found in nature , of which most are metals .The stories about the Long march , of which this is one example , are well written .